S/PV.1689 Security Council

In accordance with the decision taken at the same mooting, I propose now, with the consent of the Council, to Wit0 the representatives of Ghana, Morocco, the United Repubilc of Tanzania, Zaire, Chile, Algeria, Senegal, Egypt and Somalla to take the places reserved for them hr tlro Council chamber hi order to participate ln the dlscusalon under the terms of Articlc 31 of the Charter without the right to vote. They will bo lnvitod to take places at the Council table when it is their turn to speak. At the invltatlon of the R&dent, Mr, A, Rahal (Algwkt), Mr, H. Diaz Cirsanuevu (Clrlle), Mr. A. Abdel Meguid (&vpt), Mr. J. C&land (Ghutn), Mr. M Zen&r (Morocco), Mr, M. I%zll (Senegal), Mr, J. Nur hYmi (Somalia), Mr. S. Spllm (Unit&d Republic of Tanzania) wld Mr. Ipoto Eyebu Bukwtd’ud (Zdre) took the places reserved for them it8 the CotmU chamber, 3. Tho PRESIDENT: In a letter dated 30 January 1973, the representative of Cuba has a&cd to bc allowed to participate ln the dlscuaaion of this Item. In accordtulce with the provisional rules of procedure and the usuai practice of the Council, 1 propose., if them is no objection, to invite the reprosentativo of Cuba, under the terms of Article 31 of the Charter, to partlcipato in the discussion without tho right to vote and to take a place in the Council chamber on the understanding that he will be invited to take a place at the Council tablo when it Is his turn to SPOtlIt, At the invitation of the President, Mr, H. Ala&n (Cuba) . took the place reserved for him in the GmtcU dumber. 4. The PRIBIDENT: The first name on the llst of speakers is that of tho representative of Somalia. 1 invite him t6 take ~,p111ce at the Councli table and to muko his statement, 5, Mr. NUR ELM1 (Somalia): Mr. President, my delegation wishes to thank you and tie members of the Security Council for giving me the opportunity to partlcipatc in the present debate on the question of the recent wanton aggression against Zambia by the &gal regbne in Southern Rhodesia and by tho Republic of South Africa. 6, My delegation wishes also to extend to you its most llncere congratuiatlonu on your assumption of the office of President of UIO Council for the month of January--an honour which you havo Justly oarned and which does cn,dit to your great country, Indonesia, with which tho Somali Democrutlc Republic anjuyu frsternal relations. 8, WC havo, on many oocaslons, together WIUI the other poace~lovlng and antl.colonlallst do~egotlons, warnod the world Orgnnlzatloa, esl~clally the Security Counoll, of tho danger posed to international peace and soourlty as u result of the gf,‘avo sltuatlon that prevails In southern Afrloa. This sltuatlon Juts boon sufflolcntly descrlbod in dotall iti recant years III each of the reports of the Special Commltteo on tho Sltuatloii with regard to the Imp~ementatlon of the D8olantlon 011 the Grant@ of Indopondonco to COhIflial Couutrlos’olid Peoples. TIIO dcterloration of tho situation In tho roglon has omphasizod onto a&Ill that this Is ludeod a dangerous situation which must not be ncglectad and tint those who havo special rosponslbllltlos in regard to this problem must not shirk thoso responslbilltlos, ngni~lst the Illegal r&,hue in Southern Rhodee&, Now, with tremendous sacrlfica to Its cconomlo Ufo and In the face of fhronts of oggrosslon from Southern Rhode&a and South Afrlou, tho Zamblan Governniont has called on Its people to mako the sacrlficcs which the appllcatlon of crmiprohenslve economb sanctions against Southern Rhodosln will ant& In the tremendous task of raroutln~ Its oxports, Zambia will receive the valuable co-operation of nolghbourhlg independent African countrlcs, 12. The exmpla given by Zambin and Its nolghbours In UIU fulfllilng of International obligations is one that must be takon to hcnrt by many other Stutea which, with muoh less or Uttle hard&p to thoms&os, could tako steps to observe sanctions strictly and ensure that their natlonals did not engage in il1lclt trade with Southern Rho&df~, This Is a clonr responsibility of Member States, lndlvldually and colleotivel~, slnoe Artlclo 49 of the Chartor statos that Members -shall joln In affordlng mutual assist&co -Ia carrying out measures decldod up011 by the Sccurlty 9. Tho Ulogal Smith r&glmo’s decision to throaton Zambia wlth oconomlc blackmatl and mllltary aggression and Zamblp’s courageous declslon to Jot11 in Ulo full h~pl0111e11~ tatlon of the sanctions agalast Southern Rhodesia arb symptomatic of two things: first, tho continuing lntranslgc~lco of the Lr!th r6gime, which continues to consolidate Its illegal powers; and second, the dotcrminatlon of those who llnvo a concern for justlce III Southern Rhodesin to aot with solidarity in tho struggle for freedom, Both the United Kingdom, as the admlnlsterlng Powor, and the Security Council must co11vi11ce tho world, in thoory as WOU as la proctlco, that It is Indeed tho struggle for froodom and not the racist domination of whites ovor blacks In southern Africa which has their.po1itloal and moral support, counoil. 13, The Security COUIICU’S rosponslbilltlas, of course, go further. As the maln organ with primary rosponsibllity for the malntcntmco of lnternatlonul peace and sacurity, it hns the duty to consult, If required to do so, with any Stat0 which has special economlo problems arlslng from tho cnrryhig out of enforcement measures. obviously, this is ~ tho case with Zambia, It Is the hope of my delegation thut the Sccurlty Council will now sat up appropriate maohlnery to ascertahl the best ways of asslstiag Zambia to develop its alternatlvo road, air and sea routes for the transport of Its oxports formerly sent thro@ Southern Rhodesia. The Security Council must also do Its utmost to cnllst the support of UIOSO States which aro in a posltlon to as&t the Zamblan Government and people in their horolo tank. 10. As ‘far as the Security Counoil Is concerned, its Involvement with tho problem of Southern Rhodesla bcgan In an impressive way, but that involvement soetlu to be steadlly weakening. The Southern RhodesIan situation Is the onlj, ona which has so far called for the application of cconomlc sanotlons under Chapter VII of tho Charter. But what has become of the hlltlal recognltlon of the rosponslbility of the United NaUons to avert throats to hlternutlonal peace and security such as that presentod by yet another explosive situation In southern Africa? What has become of the Inltla1 recognltlon that the world community has a duty to combat the lntolarable arrogance of the,whlte mlnority r0gime In Southern Rhodesia which opealy socks to deny the basic human rights to tho majority of the pcoplo of Zimbabwe In thalr own native land’/ What indeed has become of tho economic sanctions which woro Imposed as a result of the mcognitlon by the Unltod Nations of Its responsiblll;y and duty In this matter? Tho situation tlow Is that clandestine trade with Southurn Rhodesia Is carrlod on to the pcslnt whom sanctions can be seen oporatlng mom Ill tho breach than In the observance. In addltlon, [I supor Power with spcclal rosponsibilltics for world Icadarship, both In tho moral sphere und hi the sphoro of practical politlcs, has openly flouted sanctions without any compelllng reasons, so thut It rtis sat un example of hidifference to 14. Another grave rospondblllty of the Sccurlty Counoll must be the condemnation of UIO overt acts of ~~reeskn~ whloh the lllcgal Smith r6ghne Is dlrectlng towarda Zambia , with the strong support OY South Afrloa, Its partner and menror in racist oppre@,rr, 15. As we nU know, many people have beon klllod or ’ wounded III Zambla by landmh~es lald Ln Lamblan torrltory by the Southora Rhodaslaa forcos, and South Africa ha1 sent scvcnl thousand troops to support the illagal and ltrsano Smllh @me, So Zamblan oltizanr have fallen vlcthna to the armlas of hatrod, opprarrlon and racial dlscrlmlnation. 16, If tho Unltcd Natlone haa a gonoral rcsponslbllity for tt~alrtt~lnlng peace la and nround Rhodasia in the co.ntaxt of Its concern to end culonlellsm and ruelrm In South Africa, the United Kingdom has a lipoclal responsibility us the Uut we have this continually detcrlorating situation, 18, Speaking on the question of Southern Rhodesia at the host s&on of the General AsomblyJ my dclegntion expressed the view that, with the failure of the Pearce Commlsaloa and the clear expression by the Africa1 majority of its wish08 and espiratlons, the hour of truth of the United Khigdom In Southern Rhodesia had come. My delogatlon now bellevoa that. the hour of truth has come also for the intetnational community, which has to face the Issues hi that area without equivocation, Straight answers must be given here to these questions: are we or are we not pledged to do our utmost to put down an illegal and unjust d&me in Southern Rhodesia? Do we or do we not consider juet the struggle of tho national movements which seek to Iiborate the African majority from the hllnunonity of upart&&I? Where do our sympathies aud responslbllities as Mstiber States lie? I do not think those questions have been clearly thought through to their loglcal conolwlons by many Statesaround t&stable. 19, Iu reaffirming Zambia’s solidarity with the gallant people struggling for fwdom In southern Africa, President Kaunda has obviously thought those questions through wl,th a clear sense of history. He kr~ows thot the freedom fighters aro seeking the same liberation from oppressive and unjust rule that has in the past 300 years had to be fought for by many of the countries today represented in the U&d Natkma. And yet come of ‘Umse countries seem to see themselves as an axalusive club whose membership has now bean closed. In effect, they seam to be toiling tho African !lberaUon movements that it was all right for thorn, In theil thne-if I may quote Shakespeare-“to take arms against a sea of troubles and, by opposing, end them”, tlut there is a marked reluctance in many quarters to go beyond tho mere theoretical recognition of thc]ustncss of the cuuso of the African nrtional liberation movements. 20, In this context it is pertinent to cull to mind the terrible tragedy of thz assassination of knflcor Cabrai, the Secrstar~Gsneral of the African Party car UIC Independance of Guinea (Bissau) and tho Cepc Verdo Islands (PAIGC), whose death is an incalculable loss to the cause of African freedom. NOW that he is dead there Is wldospread rescognltion of his qualitios, ids grout abiiitles as u Isadcr, hiu resistance to oppression, his niodoratlon hi the conduct of -d 21. Tiro United Khudom, the ad~ninlstering Powor of the colony of Southern Rhodesi& must not-us it did In this Counoil in September of last year-turn nsldo from the tusk of attempting to develop tbrther initlatlvos thot will cnoblo the African majority, whose troubles and trials and hopos for a better future we all blow only too well, to axcrciso fully their politIcal, civil and social rights, and remove onto and for ail the threat to peace and security in southern Africa. The Security Council, with its grnvo rosponsibllity for tho mah~tcnanae of peace, must cnsuro that Zambia will not be the subJect of ag&Fesslon aor! that It will bc fully supported’ in its efforts tG carry out its intornotionol rosponsibilltlea vis&vis the tiicgn! r&imo in Southurn Rhodesia. 22. Hlnally, my dOh?gation fully supports tho 12.point proposal suggested by tho representative of Zambia in his statement of Monday last /1687tll metirtgl us a guldclino for the course of notion to be taken by the Council. 23. Mr. .MADDY (Guinea) (Irtterprertrflon jiom ~~e~tcli): My dok?gPtion hoard with hitorost and emotion the hnpop tant statement of tho ropresentativo of Zambia, kubas. sador Lusaka libbkl.1. Once agoln the Security Councii is dealing with a complnlnt of an independent and sovoroign African State agahlst repeated acts of aggrestion porpc. troted by the racltit and colonialist forces.of South Africa, and Southern Rhodesia. 24, It will be rccallod Qot, before the shameful aggression of 22 November 1970 by the Portuguese colonldists agah&t the Ropublio of Guhioa, my delogatlon had very ofton drawn the attention of world public ophlicm to the grave dangers threatening our countries. The enemies of Africa and the freedom of peoples dcscrlbed that declaration as fantasy. Despite the warnings and despite the condone. notlun by our Orgonizutlon of the izascist Lisbon r(lgi~nc, the latter still carrlcd out o barbarous aggression agulnrt my coulltly, 25. If we carefully study those ~untrlcs In Africa that have sufforad aggrassion, WC shall sco that they are the Rcpublb of Guinoo, the Republic of Senegel, the United Kopublic of Tanzunla and the Kcpubllc of Zambia. ail hdependont countries of Africa that welcomed their suffering brothers doprivcd of thelr lands, their goods and ail freedonls. 26, ‘HIU coulplaint of tho Hvpublic of Zarubia regwrdlng the acts of aggrosslon committed by the white minority of .’ “Our mts~icm w&s, f!rss of ‘ell, to p&ok8 divisto~~ ,, wnurig black and mixad*btood fighters; sacondly, to Fsko s aWntngo of 011 th, discl!~!inary s~matlons Fakan tylainst Uio nationalists; thirdly, to sat the mcmtcrs of the IlbcraFlon movements against t.!lair loaders; fourt!s!y, to ~,proniota tribal strife; f!tX!y, to makc troubla in GU~IICII, Tn~wmta and Zambia in order to carry out subversivu activitioa agrdnst t!ia UbaraFlon movements tn chore countries; and, s!xFWq, to ntrlkc 1973 tha yaar of Uq$!etion of tllc nat!o11a!ist mwemer,ts In Africa.“’ Thosa Bra soma datnils of Flds dlaholic plum eonccivad by Flla intarrurtional tmparlallsto egr$nst Africa, snd wo wsnt to warn world public opinion of Flea grava sieuatlon w!Lh axists on our continent, and for which the Pretoria. §s!!sbury.Lisban coalition is rasponaib!e. ,_ ’ 29, Africa, that devalophng continant, zeds peaca in ordar ~.to progress, but t!urt lo possible only ~if we can enjoy plitlml, economic and socla! stability, because wit!iour political stability thp?A can be no ca~motnla progress, wd witliout cao~~cm!a prograss there a511 !x no sec!5! growt!~. My dctcgatlon cwldemiis th acts of sggress!on and the ‘cconomlo blockade decked ugrrirlvt Zsmb!n, 30, We teak rmta of the shtamant made by the rcprosaii. tativa of tile Unltad Klngdom (Ib.M/ regmdlng the daslees ,oT his Govarnment to assist the Republic of Lmbla, My daiogetion would llko to sea thosa desires very spacd!!y transformed into concrete sots, WC woold ~lso !nslsF upon tho immodiatc witltdrawal of all Scutlr African forcee from thal Territory snd the full lm$ementation of a!! resc4IuUons rcforrtng to Soutllarn Rhcdal. Py such a courageous and tuudablo gesture tlto Un:ited Kingdom, as the administering Power, would prove that, it has decided to put an end to tlia Inn Sndt!i rcballh uguinst f?er Majesty’s Govetnmcnt and ClXlWll. 3 I, We need WI recsli tha vrirloue raeoluriuns udupFsd by tho Sacurlty Cour~ai! and tlib General Assembly on tlla KI1wics1u11 q14csti0,. Wlw is irupottnnt at Fld.9 ytoge 1s to saa w!iet!iar we can develop ways nnd nic~1ns of et~s~rii~g ras!Ect for tha sanctions wldch, unfortunatafy, ara systamntkdly violated by cartuiu Moraber~ of UIO O~gaganizatiao, including some pcrrnanent membnrs of the CouncU. 32. 3310 GUIW~II delrgetloit cIIdurr&c tlte reawmwds. thus rind suggcsiiuns iwda by cha raprasntatlva of Zumbia, and urges thclr instant iinpian~anteFion. econm!c b!ockpda againsF that country, tha raba! taadars of Snlisbuy have aroused gonars! raprobation, 35, 2%~ Prcnch dolagation, for its !~art, wlshcs to stata that it deplores ttds in!FIativa-a scandalous Initiativa, as IF has ima cnl!ed by ona of Fha mambars of t!~c Counci!, because it anab!es nn i!lagal rtSglmo to !mwsa its low upon 5 Mambr State of tha Unltad bhtloris-rind tha sarlous lrmcldants wltieh fuivc nccompanlad it, somo of wtich Iurva resulted in tha loss of human lives, including F!IOSD of II numbar of civilians, Wa nlso dhpprovc of the system of colioctive tInas sat up by t!m Rllodaslsn authoritlas in violatton uf internntional law. Wa considar th.sF al! ~hosc massurds deal II heavy blow to tha Improvcmant of.an ahwiJy rathar Foilsc .Wintiai In that pnrt of Africa, 36. Ragrattabla 11s thcsa dcvalopmonts m5y ba, they coma as no great a!!rprlsa to us. In imposing aaonumla sanatlons agsinst t!ia Smith r6glma-sanctions w!iia!t France has nlways fait could not &~~a bring about a solution of La Rflados!M problam’but in favour of whic!~ my country voted lo 1968 in order to brine to tha ndministaring Powar c --- -.-----. .&a asslstunca it had requested-the Sacurity Courdlknc~ that a~enomic difflcultias would result not only for Southarn Rhodesia but tt!so for tlla nelgllbouring countrias which in tho past had mado up t!~ Padaration of Rhodaslrr and Nyssa!and and whose ties of mutual dapandence cspacially hr regard FQ communications and transport, ware pNcu!arly close. Dy dint of its gaographlc location, Zambia was in .tha most vulnarhbla pooltion, and t!m provisions of resolutions 253 (1968) and 277 (1970), pars. graphs 15 and 16 rasgcotivaly, show thst tlia COUIIO~! was nwnra of Fho damage tllat could be clrusad to ilnmbfs by the impsitio~i of ssnctlons. Those resolutions indacd request Membar. States to grsnl Fhut country priority asslsaanc with &4 view to hc!plil& it so!va the spcclfJl acQllQnlfc problams WV!I~C!I it is likely to faca bacausa of. the implamentntion of Counci! daclslons. 37. ?%a countrlas nafgl~bouring on Kllodash, IIOWOVCF, were willing to bcur the consequences of tha ln~~si~fon of snnations. hmbia, III particular, limited Its trada rchttlonr wit!1 R!lodasia LIS ittuch ~4 possible. If wa take t!la Qures-tltoy ara rutliar old, since they go back to !968-which ware submittad to the Cuuncii by t!la Govc~n. mcnt of President Kuunda iwe ~/~~~6~A~~~,~ 4 10 ckidh?r ius8/, wo 8(36 tiut he FLU-L -b$veeu ~hdc~i~ and hmbla, whic!~ in 1965 accounted for 33.7 per cant o! that country’s trade, droppad tu I0.S per cant In 3967, tu~d tf~t a!i t!~e mass~~as tskan sftar the uniiatara! daciaratton of Indspandonca by Rhodorle caused Zambia u loss of $195 38. That is wlty -we join most willingly in tlte tribute wltlclt several delegatiotts have already paid to Utc courage slio~n by tltc Govcrnmettl and people of Zantbla by refusing to take ndvatttage of the exceptions granted by the Ian Smith r&dtne for the trattsuortaUott of cotmer from Zambia. By &king up tltc chall&tge hurled at -(him, they showed that they were datcrtttitted fully to hnplcment Ute resolutions of Utc Security Couttcil, dcsplta their own difficultl~s and the higher costs tttcy would have to pay for more saver0 sattctiotts. \\fe noted with sathfactiott Uto statcmettt made last Mottday by Uto rcprcsentativc of Zambia, according to whom Utc closing of the bordar betwatt his country and Rhodesia offered “a golden opportunity” [see 1687tlt meeting, pura, 371 for inten. sifyhtg tho sanotlotts r0glmc. 39. Tho determination shown by Zambia, Its cleapcut desire to find permanent ways for replacing UN chanttcl for its imports and exports, should result itt reducing Ute hard currettcy eartthtgs of tho Salisbury r&itne and, Utercfora, in increasing its economic difficultlcs, and In Ute lottg run should make it the maln victim of tho closing of the border, The tightening of the vice around Rhodesia should render nugatory the adoption of new sattctiotts, but Utc occasion ~cottld be taken t4 rcaffintt the tteed strictly to observe those already decided by Security Council rcsolutlons 253 (1968) atjd 277 (1970), cspcclally In the fbtanclal field. Further-attd this is a dcclsiott to be taken by the Council-Utc httcrnational comtnuttity should ettdcavour to IImit the damages which Zambia and other African coutt. tries too will incvltably suffer. Tlte dispatch of II team of experts, which would assess tho assistance whiclt Zambla would requlrc to put together a system of cotntttuttlcations --enabling It to mdntain its economy as proposed by Mr, Lusaka in his statement, could constitute a good approaclt to the problettt, , 140. Whiia the &.xtch delegation deeply doploros Ute events of recant days and their immediate consequences for Zambia, it is also worried about Ute results of the prcscnt crisis for the fut4m It fears that this crish will tlot foster the solution of the politlcnl problem of Rhodesia und that the exceptiottal measures ,just taken by SaHsbury will furtltcr delay Ute libaralizatlon of political tttutltods and Utc return to individual freedoms which all of us wish to see btstallcd in Rhodesia. Despite this cottccrn, wa ttevertltelcss take n4to of the fuct that the Hritish dalegatlon reaffirmed in its atatetttcnt that tit0 objective remains the sonrch for a lust and acceptoblc political scttlemcnt in Southern Rho. dais ,JI&ld, pm 123J. The Iirench dclcgutiun, whoso cortstuttt thonls bus bectt that ftntdantcntal responsibility for the s&ion of the RhodesIan problem and for leading the country to sel~dctern~lttation in conformity with the freely expressed wishes of the populotht belongs to \‘hc udminis. .terhg Power, wishes to take note of that statement, We 41, ,‘A.s 1 coihe to tho end of my statement on Utls ltctn of ‘our ‘agenda I should like, Mr, President, to address to you ottr c4ttgratulations and our thanks-congratulations on the most competent manner in which you have prcslded over our debates during this month, which is also the first mottrlt of your particlpaU4n in the work of Ute Council, and our thanks for the way in which, during this month of Jattuary, you guided the work of Ute committee entrusted witlt the task of preparing for our series of meetings in Panuma, I am convittccd that tha succass of that special session awoy from Headquarters wlll be due to a large extent to tho wisdom and talent with which you guided that proparutory work. 42, Sir Laurence MCINTYRE (Australia): WC have listcttcd wlth close attention to all the speakers who have ulreudy takan part in this debate. Wo Ustened to the rcprcsontativc of Zambia with particular attention, becuusc it Is Znmbla that is bearing the bnmediate brunt of the crisis thnt has arisen from the deplorable action of Utc illegal r6gittte in Rhodesla in closhtg the border with Zamblo. 43. We believe t!tat this development is deplorable on two principal counts. First of all, it threatens to hiip4se II scvore economic strain.on Zambia, at least in the short term, and an acute psychologIcal rind physlcal strain as ~011. It cuts Zumbia off front its main sources and channels of imparted supplies and it is bound to raise fortnldablo problems for Zambia in the export of its copper attd otltcr c4mtttoditles on which it primarily depends for its natlonul livcllltood. None of us hero can fail to have the fullest sympathy for the Government and people of Zambia ill Utc situation in which they find Utemselvcs, and with It a dcsirc to help Utctn in any way that may bo practlcublc. Secondly, the Rhodesian action has created, in a shtgulurly provocative fashion, a new area of tension, a ttew and critical flnsh.polttt in Ute trollbled southern African sccnc, with the prcdlctublo accompaniment of more violence and more deuth, Tbls cun only present another serious set-back to hopes that, glvon thne, we might all help to accelcratu a process of pcuccful aud orderly change in that disturbed area of the yorld. 44. For these reasons, we. fully share the condemnatlott that we have heard expressed around tltis .tablo of the aggressive and dangerously provocative action of the Rho. dcsiatt rebel r&me in closing the border with Zunthlu. II Utcre is any consolation to be drawtt frottt this Iumcntublc davelopmcnt, which Is llighly doubtful, it cun only Hc.in tltc expectation that Uto Rhodesian @#me, by u declsio~t which is from every point of VIOW as perilous as it IS impetuous, will have done damago to Its own position III boUt thc short and longer tcrnt. 45. Alto Attstraltun Govcrnmcnt has repcatcdly made clear its aversion to the blinkcrcd and reptcssivc ~Cgitttc In Rhodosia attd its abhorrence of the pcrlicieri of s!xiaI auld tuckd dlarin~huti4tt that arc being pursued by that rhgItttc, At the twcttt~scvettth session of the Gettcrul Assentbly tlty delegation voted In litvour of wetdutlotts 2045 (XXVII) anI1 46. In opening this debate /1687th. meer@/, the repre. sontattvc of Zambia made a number of proposals that ho would wish to see incorporated ln any decision reached by thpi CouncU on the agenda item before It, My delegation an support the main thrust and purpose of those propod, which wo have carefuUy studled, They appear to resolve themselves into dlffcrlng orders of priority and cogency, and nqt all of them can be expected to command an equal degree pf acceptance by the council as a whole. 47. I do not intend, at this stage, to comment lndlviduslly on all these proposals, but I can say, first of all, that we cun join III condemnation of the economlu and military pressure that the Rhodesian rt!gimo has brought to bear upon Zombla by its closure of the border. We would also condemn In the strongest terms the presence of any foreign forces in RhodesIs, about which milch has already been ssld in the Council und much written iii the press, and we would nntunrlly support u cdl for their whhdrswal, 48. Oa the question of IiI~~rcrasing the effectiveness of the ssnctlons a@nst Rhodasir:, we are of course still awaiting Uic lntest report of the Security Council Commlttee established in pursuasii% of resolution 255’(1968), The Counclt may well consider it useful to explore possible ways of extending the ncope of ssnctlons. But the main objootlvc, as was polnted out by the ropresenlatlvc of the United Kingdom /lbfd,j, must be to make the existing range ‘of sanctions fully effective, wMch has clearly not been tbc case up to the present, I might note hero that the AustrPllun Government has taken a number of steps in recent we&s to identify and close any loophobs that may remain In respect of its own domestlc measures to apply the tinctlons r0solMlon8, 49, On the question of the se&up. economic difflcutttes forccd on Zambia as a result of the closure ,af the border, we nota that the representative of Zambia has omphasizod the Import&ice of maintaining alternative road, rall and sea communlcatlons with the outside world. It may well be that a survey of Zambia’s needs In this regard by a communbarlons expert or experts, as recommended by Ambassador Lusaka, might offer the best means of atabtlshing what fbrther actlon might be rec,uirad to help Zambia to sustain its economy, . 50, Those arc merely preliminary comments on the Zamblan proposals, and they are not lntonded to be In any scnsc exclusive or final, My delcgathi wilt wait before commenting furthor until dcfidlivc proposals begin to take shape for the Council’s considaratlon, Lat me simply repeut, In conclusion, that we have great aympatby for *ambia In the intolerable situstlon In which il tinds itsctf. V!:,‘a shall do our best to help the Counrll In rcachlng decislous that wUt reduce the present tenslon along the 52. The reprosentatlvo of Zambia lnformed us two days age/1687th nleerdrtgl, in the clearest possible terms, of the extremely dangerous situation ttut has developed along the border between Zambia and Rhodcsla rind of the fatal casualtlos caused by this situaUon 111 roceht days, I should Uko to extend, on behalf of my Government, our most slncero condolences to the Government of Zambia and to the fan&es of the vlctlms. Austria deeply deplores these acts of violence that have nut ouly caused a most alamdnlg aggravation of thti situation In the area, but also resulted Jn the death of innocent pooplo, 53, Since the potltlcal sltuatlon In Rhodesia has P direct bearing on this questlon ond since, on the other hand, this is the first thne that Austrln has stutcd its position on the Rhode&n question In this chumbcr, I should Uke to elaborate rapidly on the attitude my Government has consistently taken on this questlon in the past. 54. After the unilateral declarstton of indopendenco, the Austrian Federal Government decldcd, on 23 November 1965, not to recognize the Ulcgal regime in Salisbury, ‘Ihls decision was communlcn:ated to the Secretary.Caneral by a letter dated 26 January 1966 [S/711.5/, It was in this way that Austria clearly manlfostcd that it could never approve of a policy of social and racial discrimination by II small mltlority without regard to and even against the will of the vast majority in the country, SS. The decision not to rocognlzo the Ulegal rt$$ne in SaIlsbury was followed by cconomb moasurcs taken bnme. diately. The rn& important one was the decisbl of tha Austriaa Gwwmmt to str>p ull imports of tobacco from Rhodes& by the r\ustrisn Stute monopoly for tobacco. In the succeeding years, Austria has, without prejudice to the question of prindple arIsIng In this context from Austria’s status of permanent noutmtlty-a status I referred to in my statement before this CouncU on 16 January of this year /168&h nfeelbrgl -ecccpted tlio sanctions imposed by the Security CouncU on Soutbcrn Rhodcsiu in resolutlous 232 (1966), 253 (1968) and 277 (1970), and bus, in so far aa they affcftad Austria, provided for the implementation of the relevant provisions, 1 should tlke to refer In this connexion to notes addressed to the SccrctaryCcneral on 28 February 1967 [see S/7781/Add42, atmex~, 31 July 196glsee S/8786, mnex II/ and 28 June 1970/see S/9853 of1 July 1970, m~wx I/J. 56, As a consequence of tbut policy, total Austrian Imports from Southern Rhodesle dropped from appruxia matety 7,000 tons in 1965 to only 228 tons In 19G9. They : 57. I.&t me now turn to the complajnt of Zambia, I\s I ~-have demonctratcd with rogord to my own count&Y, iho sanctions orders of tho Security Councn dld have economl,: and admlnlstratjvo effects on all oountrlos which prcvjously had economic rolotjons wltll Rhodosio, It goes without saying that those effocto woro magnjfjed ln countdos wjllch had partjcularly close rclatlons wlth Southorn Rhodeslo, Among theso, Zombln can ho sajd to have a sj~ecjol jlovjtjon 6jncoI as the Nortliorn Rhodesin of co!?mlal tlmcs, It was most closely llnkcd to tho economy of Rhodosln untjl Its own lndopendonco jn Ootobor 1964. Tliat such a sjtuutjon cannot be revorscd h a mattor of months, or uvon a fow years, seams equally clear, and 1 should llko to quota horu a passage from the reply Zambja nave on 23 February 1967 to the Secretary.Geueral on carrying out the sanctions, u passago which soems relevant in this context: “Altho;lgh the Government oj the Republc of Ztunbjo does not beljovo that the measures sdoptod hy the Securjty Councfl would be effectjve enough to bring down the lllegnl r&me, and despjto thy fact that Zpmbjn’s and Southern Rhodosla’s economlos hi~vc i’or the past 70 yoars been jnoxtrjcnbly jolnod like Slumasc twins, and whereas any snactjons olmed nt disrupting tho economy of Southern IUlodesle arc bound to djsrupt Uio economy of Zombla, the Government of the Republic of Zambja is prepared to give Its maxjmum co.oporntlon In the imploiiientntloii of rosolutlon 232 (19&j), and in fact it has aheody adopted a policy which alms at soverlng all economic and trado connexjons with Soutjlern I~lodcsja, To achieve this the Government of Zambja has already Imposed for.reaching and more extensjve voluntary sanp tjons ngolnst Southern Rhodosja. “Since the unilateral declaration of indopcndorrce by the mjnorlty white &line In Southern Hhodeoja, Zambia has spent woli over $90 mjlljon hnpiemontlug Its policy of soverjng its trade and oconomjc tics with South~*l’rr !Ulodosla I , ?’ [see S/7781 jAdd.2, am~ix. / 58, mually illuminating nre trade statjstjcs for 1965, which 8hOW Zambia jn the first place among Uie countrjss lmportlng from Southcra Rllodesla, rcccivjng roughly 25 per cent of Southern Rhodesia’s exports, 59. Zambia’s spccjal position was rccognizod by this CouacU when, In pnragraph 15 of resolution 253 (lY88) aud paragraph 16 of resolution 277 (j970), It requcstcd Member Stabs, tjlo Unlted Nations and the spucjalhed agencies to extend nsslstance to Zambje wjth a view to hetpjn8 It solve Its economic problems. I should jlke to quote in this connexlon from the reply given by Zambja OII 10 July 1970, on the lmplementatjon of resolutions 232 (1966), 253 (jY68)ond 277 (1970): “Security Council resolutions 253 (1YGtl) und 277 (1970) requested Mcmbcr St&s, the lhltcd Nations, 60, h UiC )‘NJH that hINO fOIlowed, %mbja hOS under* taken the RrOateSt effort8 jn order to comply wlth 80i1Cs, tlons, rind those offorts wcro not least among tho acts whjch oarncd Zambju and Its I’rcsidont, Mr, Kormath Knundn, tjlo 8ynlpathy and admlrntlon of many countrjos, lncludjng my own* Zambln wrtalnjy has born0 tho brunt and has bcon jn the forefront of the strugpjo of At&n to goln fi11 freedom and lndopondenoo of tho contlnont. 61, As lll0 result of SovorfII~ it8 last aConotulc tlos with Rhodosjn durjng rcc~nt wooks, Zamblu todny fncos d now and moro sorjous situatjon. My dalogation is thcrsforo canvjncod that the roquost oxpressod by Zaa~bla, based on Artlclos 49 and 50 of tho Charter und on the aforomon. tjonod provlslons of rosolutlons 253 (1968) ond 277 (1970), for cconomjc assjstnrlco by Unllod Natlons orgunlzatjons and by Member Stntes deserves most serjous cousldoratlon by tills Cuuucll. We fool that such asslstancc should cnublo Zambia to reinforce Its cconomjc Indupon. donco from Rhodosla and coatrjbuto to dlmlnjshlng tj~o danger of a confrontotjon Illong tile common border jlnc, 62. Austria holds the .flrm bollof-which It ha8 oxprossod the alid agah jn the comj%tent ogans of UIC United Natjons-that docolonlzution ln arcns where colonialism porslsts should progross by the fastest mouns posslblo, but tjlat peacofuj means constltuto fflo best and safest way to a last& .L of the problems IrJicront ln Uils procuss. Au&la &iefore feels that the contlnuod pro%nca on IUiodesjan territory of non~I&odesjan forces must bo deplored us it contributes to the r&o of tonslon In tlio nrca ancj could widen die scope of col!fliot. 63, l[lle reprosontotlve of Zambla In hjs 8tatemont hos suucstod, among otllor mensuros, new efforts In ordor to ensure the strlotost compljance with sanctions, In vlow of what I have sajd earlier, the necotijty to ensuro the strlctost CompllanCe with Security Coutlo~ dcclslons otl wlctiolls on a unlvorspI basis certainly exists. Zuubin, 1~ the light of recent developments, has now made u new and lmportant coiitrlbutjoii, jiivolvlng great sucriflC0, to this end. llut wo huvc to racognLL0 the t’uct thut saucticls are not yet as effective us they should be und thut consjderublo trudc from and to Southern Rhodosja is stljl contjnulnjj, Thu Commjttee on Sanctjonsa Is now actlvcjy ongagod In a stud> of thjs mattor and should present u roport to tho CXJIICII wlthjil tho tioxt month. Wo fcol that, jr, the ljght of th18 report, which wo ho-w will contain all die necessary tcchnlcul jnformatjoii oil posslblljtius to eiif1lrr.e ~uctlotif, tlit, Couuejj wjll bc able to consjdcr wlwtcver steps arc uecossary. wclcon~o the decision taken by th0 United Kingdom Govcnunent to respect fully the verdict of,rhe people of Zimbabwe exprossad through the Pearce Commission. 65. It is our firm bellof that the success of any action taken by this CouncU and by the ~rguiization It&elf depends strongly on tho contlnucd co*pperation and good. will of ail parties czracerned. GG It is the primary task df tho Council to pursue the maintenance of international peace end security. Without any doubt, the situation as it exists today in Rhodesia and as It has developed particularly aftcr tiu un23teral and hostile act of the illegal Smith r6gime against Zambia, is disrupting the security of the area, In consldoslng any ocrioa the Council might wish to take Irl thls context, we should carefully examine whether such action can cffecm lively contribute to a lapid eilmlna:1on of the existing threat to the pcrtce in a part of the continent alrdady torn by to7 many years of tenslon, conflict and confrontation. My dolegation is ,eady to associate itself with ali efforts mcethig those requirements. 67.’ Mr. IVllELIPS (United States of Ame.;ca): bcent cvcnts along the Zamii~Khodesian border are causes for concern on the part of members of the Security Council. The Incidents described to UC by the representative of Zambia /lb87tlr neetlry/ and the subsequent closing by the Smith r&ime of its border with Zambia demonstrate the tetision which can arise in the southern part of Africa. 68. In previous meetings, the Se-curity Council has been prlmurlly concerned with deveioynaents occurring within the Te,rritory of Southcm Khodesla as well as with the cffoctivoness of sanct\oqs. During this series of meetings, however, our attention has: also been directed to events wi1lc11 i~~voivc a Member Btate of the United Nations. Even though we arc always aware of the po+biilty of lncldents occurring in an drea of tension such as this, we had ail hoped, 1 am .sure, that the problems could havo been ,substantiaily contalnad to a certain degree within the borders of Southern Rhodesia. It wovld have been better for Rhod0sia not to involve another country throu& a scrics of Incidents and III closing 1110 border, Unhappily, however, this has not been the case. 6Y. Turning to the complaint r&cd by Zambia, it is clear that, in vlcw of the economic re!ationships that existed bctweti,l Zambia and Southern Rhodesia prior to the illegal drclare~lun of indcpendoncc, It :vouid have imposed a hcuvy cconomlz hurden lbr Zambia to sever all its links wiP1 kuthern Rhodesia. Despite this, Zumblo has since 1065 done its best to comply with the w~crlons Instituted :Igainst Southern Rhodesis. It was clear ut the outset that, it it was IO reduce Its dcpcndence on Southern Rhodrsiu, 70. Additional assistance was also provided by my Govern. merit as well as by other countries, Tills assistance hns strengthened Zambia’s ability to wcathcr the adverse effects on its economy of the al~pllcation of sanctions ugalnst Southern Rhodesia. 71, The United States has followed Zambia’s plight v&h close attention, and we IIWJO been in close touch with the Zamblan Government S~IICC the border was closed. We arc very much av+rue of the problems for Zambia resulting fram this act. It is unfortunate that the closing of the Zambian Southcrn Rhode&n border hcs forced Zambia to take drastic measur’c.? and seek altcrnatc routes for its goods, 7%e present difficult circumstances in whlc11 Zambln tlnd3 itscif obviously underscore the need to examine carefully sippro. priate ways in wlhh Zambia might be assisted. 72. ‘llle United States iias long held the view that the problem of Southern Rhodosla should be resolved through peaceful means. The imposition of sanctions against that Territory was ono of the peaceful ways 111 which the United Kingdon. and the United Nations could help bring an and to the rebellion against Her Majesty’s Govcrnn~0nt, Unfor. tunately, sanctions have not yet brought about the desired results. 73. Southern Rhodesia has contlnucd to flout world public oplnlon. Its obstlnatc rofusoi to agree to the principle of ssif~dctermlhation for all of its population end to accept the prlncipie of majority rule 1133 on!y served to exacerbate in already tell%3 situ.ation. Its wllilngness to take action against a nclghbourhg country makes it most, difficult to achieve the peaceful sottlemont of the problem which we ail seek. 74, The Smith r~glme persists in its rebolllon and, further. more, Is rapidly enacting and enforcing racist laws dizcr!minatlng b0:wcen tlie races and huposlag abhorrent collc5ivve punishment. Mnng Africun States ha*re voiced their opposl. tion to these racbt politics. The Unitod States also cannot condune the actlonr taken by the Smith rilgime both inside and outside Southern Rhod0sia. The United States bclicves that sanctions should be muintaincd and tightened and that further attempts should bc made to achieve a peaceful settlement. WC are fully conscious of the fact that there arc those in some quarters who feel that additional measures should bc undertak0n. These are matters of which the Security Council Commitice established in pursuance of c ,-,-T-75.’ ‘But in deliberating this question, both the Committed .-.. -‘and .the .Security Council should examine all the affect4 A. ;. whiih might. follow from the acceptance cf thw suggce tions. Whilb we all hope that the rebellion will end at tho earliest possible date, we wish meanwltis to keep the Rhodcsian populntion informed of what is happening outside Rhodesia, it is necessary to maintain a free flow of CO~~~I&XUO~, if only to avoid holphlg the minority r6glmo further to consolidate its position by our dropping down P curtohl nround its people, Such an act would, In our view, be totally ineffective-indeed, counterproductive-in induchlg the r8gimo to changa its oppressive policies. 76. Our vlews on the cxtcnsion of sanctions have been made clear time and thnc again ui\d Y need not repeat them today. It has boon suggested tliat a team of United Nations experts be sent to Ziunbiu to assess the economic situation. The United State; supports this suggestion and wishes to propose that, innsmuch as there is airendy cnpnble United NaUons representation on the spot, the Resident Rcprescn. tative of the United Nutions Development Programme might be requcotcd hnmediatcly to undertake this task for the Sccuilty Council, WC would hope that whoever under. takes such a task would draw on all the previous studies made after the unilateral dcclaratlon of hidependence, It is of course necessary to oxamine all aspects of the problem, and my dolcgation can conceiva of circumstances in c~hich it might be highly desirable that a roprcsent8Uve of ,tie Secretary.General visit the area to examine both the political and the military situation, . .~.. ~.: 77. Pinally, the United States is very gratified to noto from the statemont of the United Khlgdom representative [&ld.] that his Government has been in touch wiLh both sides and that they have made clear their desire to see an end to the confrontation, the reopening of the border and an early return to peaceful conditions. We warmly asspci$e ourselves with thc~ e hopes and obJectives. ,,

The next name on ‘the list of speakers is that of the representative of Cuba. 1 invite’idm to take a .place at the Council table,, and fo make II@ statement. .., ’

Mr. President, may 1 first of ti express to you and, through you, to the members of the Council our thanks for ollo~lng us to take part in this Important d&ate br. which the Security Council Is engaged under your wise and skilful leadership. M). I do not intend to make a lengthy statement in thir debate since a nutnber of speakers have nlrecdy spelled out in detuli the slgnlitcance of the situation fachig us because of the pruvocatlons and attach of which our sister republic of Zambia has been the Vkihl during the iart few We&,,. and also shlce we huv? heard a very comPlete strtsment by .knbassador Lusnka / J687tlr meeting] which enlightened 82. We should like to point out, however, that we believe that, contrary to what might be gathered from some of the statements made ham, the Security Council ‘ie not dealhig with a COlilpldllt of one Member of the Organization agalnst another. ‘IIlls is not a bilateral dispute where the Security Council can tend its good offices, Rather, UIC Security Council has before it a question which conc0rns Ure international community as a whole because, while in this specific situaUon we Nnd, on the ono hand, the people and the Government of Zambia, we find, on the other, those interests that have been rep?atediy condemned by the international community, interests which represent politics that have been vehemently repudiated by the General Assembly and the Council on many. occasians. Behind Zambia stand not only its own people but most of world public opinton, which sharm Zambia’s support for the African .naUonal liberation movementu, support for the principle of the sacred right of peoples to !ndependence, support for the inalienable right of the African population to dwell in Africa fret from all forms of modern slavery, such a8 those that stiil exist in southern Africa-support, in one word, for principles and tenets which the international community laid down many years ago. 83. Thu; we feel that the duty of the Security CouncU is not merely to express its support for the people and the Government of Zambia and adopt measures in defence of its just position, but also to stand up and &fend itself, defend the agreements it previously approved, defend n very claar4zut policy that has been spelt out on many occasions by the General Assembly. To do so the Security Council mud adopt measures that not only wilt atleviate the immediate dlfflcuities of Zambia, but also wili va!idnte and hnplement the decisions that have been repeatedly adoPted here regnrding the inalienable right of tho Wm. babwe people to freedom and independence, with full respect, for the stated views vd d+ref of the majority of the.pdpulution.~ ‘> : ‘. . ,, : ..,, , 84. ‘Only when the problem of the survival of: ~lonialism and r&m in Africa has been solved once and for all, wili it be poonojble to safeguard the security, the Independence and the territorial hltegrity of the new African nations. And the probkms of colonialism and r&an can be settled only if determIned measures are adopted to wipe them out. 85. My delegation felt that it was Ita bounden duty to participate in this debnte of this Council In order to expross our solidarity with the people of Zambiv and the Govern. merit of Zambia, presided over by Kaaneth Kaunda, the eminent African kader. We feel that tho problem confront. ing that ration today bar uspccts that are fundumentat alsil to aE1 the nations of the third world and all the antI. cdrmlallet forces. If todtly hlirbia !s the victim 01 Y 86. It is because of Its dofencc of the rIglit of African peoples and bcauso of Its dotarm~~od and consistent support for the African Iibcration movements, that Zatnbln has earnsd the right to universal soildarlty and ttto support of all ?ho flghthlg peoples of the third world. So, too, Zambia hss camed the right to specific decigIons from this Councli to help it, partlcular~ to overcome the additional difilcuitlcs that the prosent situntion has created. 87. My dologotion appeals to the Couocll to act in accordance wlth the s.ugSostions made by Ambassador Lusaka, for wo consldcr that that would be the only way adequately to meet the present situation. We use this opportuuity to express agla to the Covcrnment and people of Zambia our complete support In these difficult times and in general, as has always bcou the case, WC support thorn in their unfiag&g struggle for African liberation. 88. We fully understand that solldarlty among the peoples of the UUrd world, the peoples of As&, AFrlcu and Latin America, is moro Important than ovor ot this stage in the struggle for the liberation of our peoples because the resistance to these movements by the colon&&t r&mea has become more obdurate. It is not a colncidcnco that the aggression against Zambia has been Intensified iatoiy, at the very moment. when one of the greatest leaders of the third world, Amflcnr Cabrul, was being tnowod down at the crimIna1 hand: of colonialism, 89. Both phenomena are facets of the same colonIsIIst und racist arrogance; they arc both facets of the complete flouting by the colonltdlsds and racists of the sacred rights of peoples. Such au attitude can be met only by oven greater solidarity on our part, by even more detormhlation on our part and on the part of all the antlcolonialist and anti&npcrlallat forces of the world. Therefore, we repeet our constant rcadlness to partlcipato In that contlnulns .effort made by the peoples of Asia, Africa at~d Lotin America. 90. Mr. I%‘i<UZ DE CULlLLAK (Pm) (lnrerpretatlmr from Spmlshj: WC listened with great attuntiou to the very clear and calm statemertt of the representative of Zambia, Mr. Paul Lusska/1687th meetby/, on the grave events thnt huva recently affected his country, p.s woil as on the coursa of sction he recommcrtdod to the Council. 91. Tlia Security Council Ir today confronted by a ciesr.cut case of throats to pc~cc and security In the region, and theroforc the Council should, promptly and with, determination, adopi the measures provided for In the Charter of the Unltcd Nations. My dolcgatlon beile*.%s that 92, The sealing off by the iiIe@i rdglmc of Salisbury of Its frontior with Zambia constltutos typical economic amma. sion against Zambia, ail the more dosorvlng of condetu. nation since that country is fighting In partktdarly adverse circumstances to achieve hrdopendont dovciopmont~ T&e Government of Zambia is even forced, at the cost of Breat sacriflcos, to find dlfforont ways of shlpplng Its oxports, wilch are vltai to it. For ail these r(rasot16, wa have followed with admlration tho decision of Zambia to comply fully with the sanctions that wore decreed by the Security Couucll in resoiutlon 253 (19681, even though Uls would dpU an lttcroasc in ltardshlp to Its own ccononty. 93, However, tho aggressIon of tho SaIlsbury rt5ghno Is not limlted to an economic blockade. There hss been a doploymont of miiitary forces and a sorles of Incidents that constitute a warlike throat to the sovereignty of ZambIa, which becomes ovan mom grave since it has the effective suPport of South Africa, a powerful neighbou: of Rhodesia with the same racist theories, 94, Furthermore, we cannot deny that the constant lack of compliance with the economic osnctions imposed by the CounciI stands In the way of the full application of the Declaration on tho Grunting of Independence to Colotllal Countries and Peoples, contained In General Aasetnbly resolution 1514 (XV), to the colonial Territory of Southern Rhodesia, Thls laok of compliance is thus bolstering the iilegal rdgimo of Salisbury in its aggression against Zambia, 95. This picture of inqroasod ~rassmont is aggravated by the presence of South Africsu forces on the soli of Southerr Rhodes& and on the very frontier with Zambia, and these faces aro not there to hcip fight alleged terrorism but are true expeditionary forces sent to support 8gsres. sign. 96. in the it&t of this sitwtlon and uttder the law and in conformity with the clear de&Ions of the Security Council, rewated bv -f the General Assembly, we find that Rhodesia is b& 8 British colony. The unlisteral declaration of indepen. denco of 1965 does not grant logsi status to Uto r&hue thut at present holds power in tho ‘i’erritory, and therefore the reaponslbliity of the United Kingdom as administerfng Power stUi stands, 97. Now WI must admit with disiiiusionment that, hsd the people of Zhrrbabwo bean given the rIght frecIy to decide thoh own fate in tlmo, the liberstlon movement would uot axlst today In Southern Rhodesia, a il~ratlon tnovetnont which, because It receives assistunce from Zambia, is the pretext thut the Smith minority has adduced for the awcrrion ir has commItted. % hong thn idativos of the COUMU should be included an immediate withdrawal of the South Afrloan milhary forces at present stationed on Southern Rhododn~ roll-for they in themselves conatltuto an element of friction 111 the roglon-and the adoptlon by the logithnate administering Power of means at Its disposal to put an end ta the act of aggrosfdon of the illegal Smith i@huo~ 100. Purthermore, wo conslder it i~dlspensnblo to assess the sanctions against the rbglmo and, If necessary, increase thorn, At the uaU10 timo we should consider action as&t Zambia in its difficult task of dealing with the economic problems that this aggrasslon has created for it. 101. It Is lmperatlve that we act with Calne but we must also act with doterminatIon and efficiency in order to discourage an aggrcsslon in which Jl the aggravating oircumstancos are added to one anothor, because it not only threatens lnternatlonal poaca and security but also itself rt6ms from complete contempt for the elementary norms of internatIonal law. These norms have been honourod by intornatlonal usage and they have also boen onshrinod in the t%arter and the resolutions of the General Assembly, and thoy constltuto the slrrc quu w.w for civllized coexistence amoug States.

On 9 January last, the illegal authorities of Rhodosla sealed tho frontler of IU~odosln with Zambia and prohlbited all traffic between them in order to blockade Zambia and force it to abandon its dotormhled stand in favour of the liberallon of the people of Zimbabwe. 103. Th9 Ian Smith racists adopted as their pretext the fact that two South African policemen had been killed by elements that they contended the Lusaka Government protected, We have heard that Rhodesian forces have crossed the frontier WMI Zambia and laid mines on Zsmblan soil and adopted an aggressive stand that has caused considerable mater&I damage, 104. Among UI~ throats that havo bean mentioned, we IWO bon most deeply concerned over the fact that South Africa has sent a force of 4,000 men to repress the freedom muvements of tha noble people of Zhnbabwo and &o to threaten the t@torlal integrity of Zambia. 10.5, The determined antl~colonlallst stand of Panama plecos us shouldor to shouldor with Zambla with regard to the complrlnt that the latter has brought to this Cou~ldl. Prom the very beglnning of our consultatlone, we agread that this body should meet urgently la order to conplrjer measures to be adopted hi the case that Zambia has brought to the Couucll. 107. The ropresentatlvs of Zambia, ~Mr.~ Lusaka /1687tfr meet&/, listed ovents that leave no room for doubt regarding tho gravity of the crlsls that that rcglon of Africa is undargohu at prosont, Howovor, the problem becomes oven more complex because, as Mr, Lusaka pointed out, there are South African troops on Rhodesian’ soil, which is an open threat to o Member State of UIC Unltod Natlons. 108. The colonlallst forces, aware of the fact that the struggle of the pcoplos for their Ilberation cannot bo contahiod, are resorting to all steps in their mad do&c to mahitain In e.tistenco a system which is contrary to all tenets of the Chartor of the Unltcd Natlous, 109. My Goverruncnt condemns tho cggrcssion that the racist a~!thorlUes of Rhodesia are launching against the Republlo of ?ambla and gives all its support to any MBQSur06 that might ensuro for that State its torrltorkd integrity and soverolgnty. 110. We should urgently try to avoid that infamous blockade and at all costs stop the incursions of mercenaries that sow terror and death among P people whole-hearted!y struggling to emerge from underdovclopmcnt. 111. We wish categorically to state that Panama rcpudlates the aNa~~ce of the colonialists who keep alive racial discrin~nation and apurtheid In Khodcsia, in South Africa and In Portugal, and we denounce those systems as contrary to human rights and all tho principles of international law sot forth in the Chartor. 112 The delegntion of Panama wishes to assure the delogatlons of Guinea, Kenya, and the Sudan that, as far aa we are concerned, we shall be highly gratified to support any draft resolution they may see fit to submit in support of Zambia. 113, Since today is 3 1 January, the last day of tho month during which, iii uccordancc with the rules of proceduo, tho representative of hdo~csio will be President of the Council this year, wo wish to oxprcss our wholeshcnrted thanks to you, Mr. President. WC congratulate you on the offIclont way in which you hare presided over our debates. We should particularly like to recall that the positive results of the forthcoming meetings of the Security Council in Panama will, as tho reprcscntativo of Franc- :ras just corra!tly pointed out, always be linked to the work done by tho Security council Committee ou Council Meetings sway from Headquarters over which you skilfully presldod with prudence, blent and cnorgy. Parumu has already linked your name with its hIstory. You have Icd us along the mart difficult part of tho road to the meotlngs of the Security Council in Latin America, ml for U-at we thank you.

l)uriq the lasi iwo days, a large number of speakers representing Africa, Latin Amcr- 120. The orimlnal aots we aro dlscussinji today call for more than more condemnation by tho Council, since this, togellrcrr with other n~easucos, has not dotorred those r&mea from following the course they havo defiantly chosen to fdlow in southorn Afrim. The reprcsontotive of Zambta has already given the Counoil an account of t!lo acts the robe1 r6gimo of Southern Rhodesia, In collusion with and with sub&&al military support from tho racist rbglmo of Sotith Africa, has committed against Ms country and people, In a fit of frenzy and fear, sparked. off by the armed rerintanoa sf the nlllllons of Zimbabweans whom he and his white mCnor#y clique ottcmpt to subjugate, tho robe1 Ion Smith decided to close the border between Zambia und Southern Rhodesia. hi his false caiculatlons, that decision, coupled wrth military nmtifesttitlons, was to blackmail and acaro both Zambia and the llberatlon movement in Zlm. babwo. To hta dlsappointmont and that of his nccompllcos in Protsria and Lisbon, Zambia dealt a blow to his dosigns and, hIdeed; to the economy of the illegal rbglmo. 115, My delegation cannot be persuaded to belleve that the trenchorous murder of Amilcar Cabllal by the agents of Portugal was not a planned murder oxtcutod at a time when all was, set for a dociaivo declaration by Cabral of thrr deciskut of PAIGC on the ftture of Guinerr (Bias@ and Cnpe Vordo. This la not the first black murk in the record of USe notorious Portuguese colonial system in Afrlca,‘Bef~:~ the murder of Cabral, the Portuguese had arranged the murder of EdualQ Mondlano, tho leader of.MoZamblquO. None of those criminal acts, however, has stopped or will stop the liberation struggle symbolizcd by those Iwo heroes during thair Uvos. On the contrary, the armod atn@o In Guinea (Blasau) and Cape Vordo till contlnuo.to IIW#fy and gather force in the march towards *he logical goal. 116. Nobody could be swayed into baM’lng that the recent air bombardment of Tanza&n vlllagos by Portue guese planes Was accidental. All those criminnl aota foL lowed the decision of the Council laat Novmber [muhtion 322(1972)] to call on Portugal to nogotiato with the parties concerned-meaning the Uberation movemanta-a peaceful settlement In tho walled PorSuguesc Torritorba. This is Portugal’s answer to the Council’s call, and Its reply to those members of the Counoll who championod’thal gttuse here, 121. My delogatlon, followlng my Government’s wishes, coltorates Its full support for and admiratton of our sister Zambia for tho courageous not it has undertaken at great cost and tremendous sacrifice. As a land.lockod country, whore traditional routes of communioatlon until rocontly ran through Southern Rhode& it will now llovo to re+outo Its exports and imports nlong rough and longer routes to tho north through friendly countries and ports, I1 7. Is it a coinoldonco or an Isolated incident &t South Africa .has sent more mllltary troops to the illegal whho minority r@me in Rhodesia in time f0r the robe1 Ian !Mth to conduct a campaign of terror and blac,kmaU agahW &mbla and to doolde, agalnst ita real interoat, oti the closureof the border w&Zambia? ,, 118. Finally, Is it pooalble to believe, by any stretch of the hnaginatlon, that the assas&atlon of Cab&, tha bombard. mant of peaceful Tanzanian vil!agea by the PorWpueso, tlie massive reinforcement of South African troops in Rhodesia, thb consequent aggressIon by the racist rdglme of Ian Smith and the blockado imposed on Zumbia oii 9 January are all Isolated and accldental events takjng place within such a short ‘period of ho? 11% My delegation cefusos to take seriously any attempt to undorestimato tho provity of thoso crhni~l acts through flat denials by those who committed thorn; nor can we accept any argument that may be advanced to oxplain thonr as is&tad lncldents with no muter plan behind thorn, Those horrid and crhnlnal acts can make sense o?ly when 3 Spccbl Cc~~w~lttcs on the Slturtton with rcp$d to Lo tmptetucntutton of lha Decbratlon on the Granthy of lndapairdqncts to Colanbl Couiitrb8 md Peoytea 122. The Council cannot fall to ranllzs that such a deohdon by Zambia constitutes a substantial contribution to the strengthening of the mandnted sanrtlons appinst the rebel rd#mo in Southern Rhodeslo. In tho meanthne, the Council cannot fall to appreoiate that Zambia has made this contribution in the face of dtf~iculties and at a cost that it ia beyond Its means to meet with its limtod cesourcos. 123, My delegation will therefore support any measucos the Counoll consldors appropriate to alloviato the burden imposed upon Zambia by the rebel r6ghno of Southern Rhodaala. It Is our strong belief that Zambia took the right decjoion at tho ri&t time, for It is most probable that, as long as the rebel r&imc of lan Smith exhts, slmilac and pechapc gravor acts of aggcosslon may be committed again by that r6gime agalnqt Zambia. 124. The rltuatlon in southern Africa is loaded with dangor that will contQue to threaton International peace and racurlty in the area as long es the present pcrllous condiUona ace not traatod with the nocoasaty declsivcnars by this Cuuncll, whose primary rasponslbility 18 UN maintenance of ht!ornatl@d pe~cc and sccurlty. 125, My delegation fully shares the views oxpressed here by ~aoy dolegatlons that tho provocative and crimln~l acts the mlllio~~s of Africans they dominate, 126. Among UIO three r6glmcs, the robcl minority r6glme Is unlquc haslllucll BS, cvcr slncc 1965, its oxistencn has bcon condemned, It will IX recdlod that the Secldty Council dotcrmlnod in that year that the Government CC UIC United Kingdom, UJC administering Powor, should put an end to the rcbcl rbgimc la Southern Rhodesia, and “take all othor appropriate measures which would prove effective h eliminating the authority of the usurpers and in bringing tho minority rdgimc in Southern Rhodesia to an lmmcdlatc end” [~csolutiur~ 217(1965)/a 127. Even at that early stag0 the Council dotermined that the continuance of the r6gbne constituted a threat to international l~oacc and security. It is thorefora dcplorablo tht, ever since 19G5, the Govermncnt of the United Kingdom has virtually duclincd to tilfil its rosponslbillty as admlnlstoring Powcr, to tho extent of what is ofton descrlbcd as soiling out the five and a half ~nfllion Africans to the racist whit0 minority r6gimc in Zimbabwe. Because of this betrayal and th0 dofereuce oxtandcd by the admhdstcring Powor to the whltc minority r6glm0, tho lattor lgs started to spread its atrocltics beyond the border of Zimbabwe. 128, Africa hi particular, and the pcacc~loving countries III general-indccd this Council-cannot absolve the Govern. mcnt of the Unlted Kingdom from fulfilling its moral and political responsibility towards the people of Zimbabwe, and no use of the veto can clear its conscience before the people of Zimbabwe or world public opit~ion for thl~ abdication of rosponslbility. With the verdict of the Pearce Commlsslon and the rejection of tha mlnorlty regime by the overwhelming majority of the people of Zimbabwe, and tho ovorwholmlng support of international public .opinion as rupresented in the Gonoral Assembly and the ma]ority of this Council, the Govornmcnt of the Unltad Kingdom has nll the support it cnn obtain for irading the colony to wlf.datermination and indepondcnco through universal suf. frage, secret ballot und the principle of one man, one vote. 129. l’hc Sccurlty Council, too, has an oxtra role to play hi Southurn f<hodesia. For ruasons of which the Couiictl I3 aware, sanctions ugainst the r6gimo have to be furthor stlongthoacd by extcudlng the blockado to the port 01 Louronc;cr Murquus and by runctivuting tha hlr)okade of Lldra in the Portugucsc Torritorlcs, and peace in th ’ region and in Africa & a whole, whbh wiil continue to be threotenod by $ouU: Africa, Port_ugal ml the rebel r6glmo In Zimbabwe,

Allow m now, hi my capacity as representative of INDONESIA, to address myself to th0 Item before the Council, 132. WC 810 consldorlng tho latest threat against th0 sovereignty and territorial integrity of Zambia-.a thront which is but a part of a continued process of dCsporatC attempts on th0 part of Uu colonial and racist I’owcrs to halt the march of freedom in Africa and to keep tlicir politlcal and economic oppression entrenched in tht part of the world. 133, This Is not UIC first tlmo that Zambia has co~nc lo the Council to present its complaints and appeal to this body to exercice the rcsponsibilitles assigned tc it by the Charter. In October 1971, this Council mot to consider a series of systematic and premcdltated violations. of the sovereignty, air space and territorial tntcgrity of Zambia /I59Of/1 lo J592d metiags/, The Council then had UIO opportunity to tekc appropriate measures against UJO aggressor, but regrettably failed to do so aud, instead, adopted a rather mild consure ugainst the Protorio rbgimc. The failure of tho Council to take swift and offcctivo action against South Africa could bo viewed by the mombers of the Prctorla~ SaIlsbury-Lisbon axls only as a licot~co for further aggrosslvc acts dircctod against lndopcndent Afrlc3a Statos. 134, The illegal Salisbury rbgimo has, for son10 yours, f0lt the hoat of the independcnco struggle. Encourugcd by the Council’s incffectiv0ness in its actions and in ai attempt to divert attention from its troublod domestic conditions, the Ulegal minority &he of Ian S~nil has now ombarkcd 611 new efforts to put military and economb prossurcs against Zambia. It has done so in view of tho victorlcs scored by the Zimbabwe freedom fighters. It trlcs to put the blame on Zambla, which in no way had utly rosponsibllity for tho activities of those freedom fighters in their own territory, 135. The stubborn refusal of the illegal Smith r6glmc tu effect peaceful changes such as are proposed in the Lusaka Declaration has mude I! imperative for the people of Zimbabwe to intensify their struggle to crchicvo self: &termination and freedom. 136. Since its unilateral dccluratlon of indcpo~ldonce ir 1965, the Illegal racist rigime of IUII Smith has continued tc deny the black lwoplo of Zimbabwe those fuudanlcntul freedoms which ar0 their birthright, and has bc~os~~u BVCI~ more oppressive III Its treatment of the indigenous Africatls who constitute 95 par cent of the populution. 137. I shrill not tax the Council’s paticacc by enumer:~tln~ the Inhuman acts perpctrntcd by the illegal Smith r6gimc I38. II. ‘connot ‘bc deuicd thnt It rcmalns’ icgnliy the responsibility of the Covcrnmcnt of thu lhlitcd Klngc!om, as admNstcrlug I’owcr,‘.to onsurc that tho uuncccptnblc stntc of affairs hi Southern Nlodcsln Is brought to nn and. It Is therefore Iucumbcut up011 the British Govcrmuont to ‘do all withln Its power to tcrmhlatc the mluorlty rule II) Zhubabwc nud uot to hltcrprct the rejectlou of the provisions of the Ilomc~Smith Agrecmcnt by the people of Zbnbabwc ns rm opportunlty to extricate itself from its duties to the Indigenous p~oplc, ’ ? 139, My,dclcgatl~u believes thut rcsoiutiou 2945 (XXVII), ndoptcd by the Goucrai Asnem’bly ,011 7 Dcccmbcr 1972 by an ovcrwhchnlug mnjority, aud other related rcsoiutlons nddpted by the Sccurlty Couucll should serve as n cicnr mandate to the British Govcmmcut to tnke the neccssnry steps to accord the Iudlg~aous pcopic of Uu Territory n lift af dlgulty and freedom, as provided for lu the Charter which ‘WC as Mombe:s of rhls world Organizatim~ stnud plcdgcd to uphold, _. 140. The right of the poop10 to uchlcvc ~lf-dctcnl~i~latio~~ and Indcpcudcncc is nt the very foundation of the Unltcd Nntlons oud Is embodied In the Declaration on UIC Grantlug of Gudcpondoucc to Coionlnl Count&s and Peoples. I[udeed, tilt time Is ion,7 slnca goue dicn Uic struggle of n pcopic for freedom cnn bc summnrlly dismissed 0s being disruptive of the lntcrnai order of n colonial territory without the hitcrnntlonnl comm@ty exprcsdug strong opposition to such a myopic view of man’s quest for the rcnlization of his dignity. 141. It is therefore al! the more condcn~nabic.ti~nt, hlstcnd of loltintiug the necessary steps townrds the Implomcutation of General Asscmbiy rcsoiutl\~n 1514 (XV), the Iiicgr!i rEghuc of Im Smiti~,.h its desperate efforts to crush the iucvitnbie opposition of tha mn]drlty of the popuintton, not only closed the border betwcea the British colony of Southern Rhodcsin and Ztmlbla and hnposed an economic blockndc, but furthermore committed acts of subversion and snbotuge agahlvt Zambin, In nddition, its troops, rcportcd to bc rclnforccd by some 4,000 man from South Africa, wore deployed niong the 4OO~mlic~iong border. It IS furthermore reported that the South African railways 9~ stol.pcd uccepting gocds destlncd for Zambia, wl~lio similar stops 11nvc been taken bv Portugui at the port of Bcirn. 111is serlcs of aggrcsslvc acts commiltrrl by thcsc ci~l011ln1 uud ruclst I’owcrs In southcru Africa nguiust Zumbla will uot only cnusc comldcrabic cco~~o~ulc difficulty to thnt cuuw try, but, if ilot urrcub d forthwlth, mny well lend to n 14 e---e-- Price: SlJ.9. 1 .co (or cqulvllsnt In olhar curranclct) 73.t)2026. Imemhor IY76-1 ,z 142. My dcicgatlou Qnrcs the pridewltlr -.whlch the pcoplcs of Africa vlcw the aouragcous dctcrmh~atlon of Znmbin to uphold the pri~~cipics of the Charter and the rights aud di&ulty of mnu, wi~iic fachae the provocative and crlmbmi acts of the romnluiug coio~~lnl und racist r&ghncs la southcrii Africa, We must face the fact thnt thclr Just struggle will lnq~osc n heavy burden upon UIC ~?copie of ‘Imbin, lu view of the forcgohlg, my dclcgntkm Is of Urc oplulon thnt the proposnls put forwnrd by the rcprcsolb tntivc of Zcmibln tbiiy mcrlt the serious oousidcrntlon of the Council uud should bc used ns n bnsis for dccisious oud for coucrctc mcnsurcs to bo tnkcu by tho Cou~icll, 143. lndoncstn for its part, togcthcr with other uonaligucd comitrics, ludicatcd n week ago its solldnrity with i!mblt~. 1 should llkc to rcitcrntc thut ludoncsla stsnds ready to support any mcnsurcs to niicvlnte ihc burden of Zambia oud its pooplc as n cousequcncc of its stcadfnst Pud consistoutly posflvc stnnd ou the stru&p;(o of peoples for thclr freedom und iudepcudcnco, 144. In cunciusion, uiy delcgntiou would iikc to express the view that, as long ns the root cnuses wiiici~ iic h colonin!Ln, rnclsm, aud illegal mhlorlty r8glmcs contlauc to exist, the United Nntions rind the Security Cotmcll will coutlnuc to be fnccd by cv~uts Uko those now taking pincc in Znmbln. Todny It IS Znmbln, ycstcrdny It wus UIC Uuitcd Republic of TtuIunnin, Guhiea nud Senegal, tmd who kuows where coioninlism and rncism at bay will strike tomorrow? 145. My dclcgetlou siuccrcly hopes thnt the Council, together with other Uuitcd Nntlous bodies couccruod with the problems of dccoloniznthl, iikc the Committee of Twenty-four, wlil bc nblc to cradlcntc the root cnuscs which, u~llcss cibub~ted, will coutlnuc to be n threat to pcacc and security. : 146. I sinli now speak as I’KBSIDSNT of the Council. 147. Before nd]ournlng the meeting, I should like, ns I have arrived at the end of my term as President of the Councii, to express mv shiccrc thunks aud apprcointlon for the cwopcration and urrdcrstnndiug shown by all my c~lieugucs dtirlng my tom of office. They have been most cuusldcrutc and helpful to me us a uewcOmcr to the work of the Cuuncll, whom the nlphubcticai order pluccd III the Cilulr.