S/PV.177 Security Council

Although there is a good deal of truth in what the representative of Brazil has said concerning the rule of unanimity, neverthe- Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'allglais) : Bien qu'il y ait une bonne part de verite dans ce qu'a dit le representant du Bresil au sujet de la regIe de I'unasitnction, whidl at the present time is rather critical. It is true that the Security Council established a Commission of Investigation in the expectation that that Commission would render a report to the Council and that the Council would then adopt a resolution in regard to that n.:port. As the Security Council nas thus far failed to adopt any such resolution, and as the CommissiC:n of Investigation remains in existence as long as no resolution in connexion with its report is adopted, it is my opinion that the Commission should continue its investigation and should continue to exercise the functions bestowed upon it by the Security Council; it may then be able to submit new proposals in the future which may perhaps be adopted by the Council. As regards the Subsidiary Group, the resolution of the Security Council is clear. It states: "pending a new decision of the Security Council, the Commission established by the resolution of the Council of 19 December 1946 shall maintain in the area concerned a subsidiary group composed of a representative of each of. the members of the Commission, to continue to tulfil suc.h functions as the Commission may prescribe in accordance with the terms of reference given in the above resolution of the Council."l I therefore consider that the Subsidiary Group must remain in existence, and must continue fulfilling the functions allotted to it by the terms of reference given in the afore-mentioned resolution until a new resolution or decision is adopted by the Security Council. No decision has been taken by the Security Council as to the fate of the Subsidiary Group or the Commission, and it goes without saying that their existence continues until such a resolution is adopted. We now have to continue with the report of the Commission of Investigation. Perhaps we shall be able to adopt some resolution in regard to the report. Several draft resolutions have already been discussed by the Security Council, but Ull~ fortunately they have not been adopted. There is stiU before the Council the draft resolution presented by the representative of Poland. It is the latest one, and we must take some action 'on it. I think that the rerresentative of Poland insists on a vote on this re"olution; I do not know whether he wishes a vote to be taken upon it paragraph by paragraph or as a whole. In either case, I should like to express the view of the Syrian delegation on this resolution. . Although I consider the resolution acceptable when taken paragraph by paragraph, it is not acceptable as a whole because it lacks certain elements which are essential in order to give effect to the report of the Commission. I cannot cast a positive vote for the resolution, because it lacks the fundamental basis for an appropriate solution. C'est pourquQi je considere que le Groupe subsidiaire doit continuer d'exister et de poursuivre l'accomplissement de la tache qui lui a ete confiee dans le mandat faisant l'objet de la resolution precitee, jusqu'a ce qu'une nouvelle resolution eu decision soit adoptee par le Conseil de securite. Celui-ci n'a prisaucune decision quant au sort du Groupe subsidiaire ou de la Commission, et il va sems dire qu'ils continuent d'exister jusqu'a ce qu'une telle resolution ait ete adopt~. Nous devons poursuivre maintenant l'examen du rapport de la Commission d'enquete. Peut-etre aurons-nous la possibilite d'adopter une resolution au sujet du rapport. Le Conseil de securite a deja discute divers projets de resolution, mais aucun de ceux-ci n'a malheureusement ete adopte. I1 reste au Conseil a examiner le projet de resolution presente par le representant de la Pologne. C'est le dernier, et nous devons prendre une decision it son sujet. Je crois que le representant de la Pologne insiste pour que 1'0n procede au vote sur cette resolution; j'ignore s'il desire que 1'0n vote paragraphe par paragraphe ou sur l'ensemble du projet. En tout cas, je voudrais exprimer le point de vue de la delegation de la Syrie apropos de cette resolution. Bien que j'estime que la resolution soit acceptable, consideree paragraphe par paragraphe, eIle est inacceptable dans son ensemble, parce qu'il lui manque certains elements essentiels a la mise e.n ceuvre du rapport de la Commission. Je ne pUIS emettre de vote positif en faveur de la resolution, parce qu'il lui manque l'element fondamental permettant d~arriver a une solution adequate. 1 Voir les Proces-verbCItUx officiels dll, Conseil de sewrite, Deuxieme Annee, No. 37, l'31eme seance. There is, however, one further suggestion and appeal which I should like to make to the members of the Council. Many members have expressed doubt as to whether they can vote on the whole of my resolution because it does not contain enough, though they may agree with what it contains. To these members I should iike to address an appeal which they may see fit to accept or reject, because they must judge for themselves. The appeal is that they should vote for my resolution, , and shou1ci try to present what they consider to be important in the subsequent stages of our discussion and work. The ;PRESIDENT : We shall now proceed to vote. After voting on the paragraphs one by one, we shall vote on the entire resolution. I ask the Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Legal Affairs, to read the first paragraph. M. KERNO (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Legal Affairs) : The text of the preamble and paragraph 1 of the draft resolution submitted by the representative of Poland reads as follows: ((Having received and considered the report of the Commission of Investigation established by the resolution of the Council dated 19 December 1946, Le PREsIDENT (traduit de l'ang1ais): Nous allons maintenant proceder au vote. Apres avoir vote sur les paragraphes, un par un, nous voterans sur l'ensemble de la resolution. Je prie M. le Secretaire general adjoint charge des questions juridiques de donner lecture du pre- mier paragraphe. M. KERNO (Secretaire general adjoint charge des questions juridiques) (traduit de l'anglais) : Voici le texte du preambule et du paragraphe premier du projet de resolution soumis par le representant de la Pologne: "Ayant re~u et examine le rapport de la Com- mission- d'enquete constituee par la resolution dp COnseil en date du 19 decembre 1946, • A vote was taken by a show of hands. There were 2 votes in favour and 9 abstentions. The paragraph was not adopted, having failed to obtain the affirl1w..tive voles of seven members. Votes for: Poland, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Abstentions: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, Syria, United Kingdom, United States of America. Mr. KERNo (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Legal Affairs) : Paragraph 2 reads as follows: "2. The Security Council recommend that diplo- matic relations should be established between Greece on one hand, and Albania and :t3ulgaria on the other, and that diplomatic relations between Greece andY:ugoslavia should be !?-ormalized." .1 vote was taken by show of hands. There were 4 votes in favt)1w and 7 abstentions. The para- graph was nat adopted, having failed to obtain the affirmative votes of seven members. V otes for: Australia, Poland, Syria, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Abstention~: Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, United Kingdom, United States of Amer- ica. Mr. I<:ERNO (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Legal Affairs): Paragraph 3 reads as follows: "3. The Security Council recommend that the Governments of Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia renew old or enter into new bilateral frontier conventions providing for a settlement of frontier incidents. Those conventions may provide for bilateral frontier commissions." A vote was taken by show of hands. There were 4 votes in favour and 7 abstentions. The para- graph w.as not adopted, having failed to obtain the affirnw..twe votes of seven members. Votes for: Australia, Poland, Syria, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Abstentions: Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, United Kingdom, United States of Amer- ica. . Mr. KERNO (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Legal Affairs): Paragraph 4 reads as follows: "4. The Security Council recommend that the Government of Greece on one hand and the Gov- ernments of Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia on the other, settle the problem of refugees in the spirit of mutual understanding and friendly rela- tions among those countries." Volent pour: Pologne, Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques. S'abstiennent.. Australie, Belgique, Bre8i!, Chine, Colombie, France, Syrie, Royaume-Uni. Etats-Unis d'Amerique. M. KERNO (Secretaire general adjoint charge des questions juridiques) (traduit de l'anglais): Voici le texte du parag'raphe 2: . "2. Le Conseil de securite reC'Jmr.1ande que des relations diplomatiques soient etablies entre la Grece, d'une part, et l'Albanie et la Bulgarie, d'autre part, et que les relations diplomatiques redeviennent normales entre la Grece et la You- goslavie." Il est procede au vote anUl,in levee. Il y a 4 voix pour et 7 abstentions. N'ayant /Jas obtenu le vote affirmatif de sept membres, le paragraphe n'est pas adopte. Votent POU1': Australie, Pologne, Syrie, Union des Republiques socialistes sovie1:;ques. S'abstiennent: Belgique, Bresil, Chine, Colol11- bie, France, Royaume-Uni, Etats-Unis d'Ame- rique. M. KERNo (Secretaire general adjoint charge des questions juridiques) (traduit de l'anglais) : Voici le texte du paragraphe 3 : "3. Le Cons':il de securite recommande que les Gouvernements de la Grece, de I'A!banie, de la Bulgarie et de la Yougoslavie, renouvellent les anciennes conventions frontalieres bilaterales ou signent de nouvelles prevoyant un reglement des incidents de frontihe. Ces conventions pourront prevoir la creation de commissions frontalieres bilaterales." , Il est procede au vote anzain levee. Il y a 4 voi:c pour et 7 abstentions. N'ayant pas obtenu le vote affirllUltif de sept membres, le paragraphe 11'cst pas adopte. Votent pentr: Australie, Pologne, Syrie, Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques. S'abstiennent: Belgique, Bresil, Chine, Co- lombie, France, Royaume-Uni, Etats-Unis d'Ame- rique. M. KERNo (Secretaire general adjoint charge des questions juridiques) (traduit de l'anglais) : Voici le texte du paragraphe 4 : "4. Le Conseil de securite recommande que le Gouverl1f~ment de la Grece, d'une part, et les'Gou- vernements de l'Albanie, de la Bulgarie et de la Yougoslavie, d'autre part, reglent le probleme des re£ugies dans un esprit de comprehension l11utuelle et de relations amicales entre ces pays." Abstenti.ons: Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, United Kingdom. United States of i\mei:- Ica. The PRESIDEN1 ; I now put to a vote the whole resolution. A vote was taken by show of hands. There were :? votes in favour and 9 abstenti011S. The draft resolution was not adopted, having failed to obtain the affirmative votes of seven 111e11tbers. Votes for: Poland, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Abstentions: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, Syria, United Kingdom, United States of America.

This is the last proposal on the report of the Commission of Investigation. M. PARODI (France): Je voudrais simplement dire un mot en ce qui concerne la position que je viens de prendre dans le vote. Je me suis t:rouve dans la situation que le President iui-meme a indiquee, et que M. Lange avait indiquee egalement: cellc de trouver les parag;aphes bons en eux-memes, mais la resolution insuffisante dans son ensemble. I did not want to support the paragraphs taken Je n'ai pas voulu me prononcer en faveur des separately, and then cast a negative vote when paragraphes pris separement et, ensuite, voter the whole resolution was moved, for I wished to "contre" lors de la mise aux voix de l'ensemble-- avoid the apparent contradiction and the possible ceci afin d'eviter ce qu'il y aurait eu, en appar~nce, . misunderstanding which might have been created de contradictoire dans cette prise de position qui by my action in voting for the paragraphs whE'~ risquait de ne pas etre comprise et qui aurait conthey were presented separately and voting against siste cl. voter des paragraphes 10rsqu'ils etaient them when they were presented as a complete presentes separement et cl. tie plus les voter quand resolution. ils etaient mis aux voix comme un tout. That is why I thought it better to abstain from C'est pourquoi j'ai estime plus normal de voting. m'abstenir dans le vote. Mr. PAReDI (France) (translated from French): I should like to say a word about the vote whidi I have just cast. I find myself in the situation to which the President himself, and Mr. Lange too, have referred: that of fi.nding the paragraphs good in themselves, but the resolution inadequate as a whole. The PRESID'ENT: The next point to be taken up Le PRESIDENT (traduit de ·l'anglais) : La questhis afternoon, to which I referred at the hundred tion qui doit etre examinee ensuite cet apres-midi, and seventy-sixth meeting, is the suggestion of et dont j'ai fait mention cl. la cent-soixante-seizieme the Colombian delegation that a committee should seance, est la suggestion de la delegation de la Cobe constituted to study the Greek Question and lombie, tendant cl la creation d'un sous-comite, try to fi,nd a draft resolution which may be acceptqui serait charge d'etudier la question grecque et able to the Security Council. The draft resolution de tenter d'etablir un projet de resolution accepwhich has been submitted by the delegation of Cotable pour le Conseil de securite. Void le projet de lombia reads as follows: resolution soumis par la delegation de la Colombie : "The Security Council nsalves "Le Conseil de securite decide "To appoint a sub-committee of the represen- "De nommer un sous-comite compose des repretatives of the delegations which have submitted sentants des delegations qui ont soumis des propoproposals on the Greek Question and amendments sitions sur la question grecque et des amendements thereto, in order to ascertain the possibility of y relatifs, qui sera charge de rechercher la possiformulating a new draft resolution which the SUb-\ bilite de formuler un nouveau projet de resolution committee can recommend for the approval of the que le sous-comite pourra recommander al'appro- Council." 'bation du Conseil de securite." Mr. LOPEz (Colombia): Originally I had in mind the idea of submitting this draft resolution simply <.s a suggestion and, if I remember cor- :ectly, I stated very clearly that I would not move It formally unless there was a clear expression on the part of the Council regarding the usefulness of so doing. Discussion of the various proposals at this late stage has drifted rather aimlessly, and I have not been able to form any opinion as to whether the majority of the members of this Coun- Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais) : Je mets aux voix, maintenant, )'ensemble de 1<.' resolution. Il est procMe att vote amain levee. Il y a,2 voix pour et 9 abstentions. N'ayant pas obtenu le vote affi<"matif de sept membres, le projet de resolutio11 n'est pas adopte. Votent pour: Pologne, Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques. S'abstiennent: Australie, Belgique, Bresil, Chine, Colombie, France- Syrie, Royaume-Uni, Etats- Unis d'Amerique. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais) : C'est la derniere proposition relative au rapport de la Commission d'enquete. M. LOPEZ (Colombie) (trad/tit de l'a11{!lais) : J'avais d'abord l'inrtention de soumettre ce projet de resolution sous forme de simple suggestion et, si ma memoire m'est fidele, j'ai declare tres clairement que je n'en ferais pas une proposition formelle, a moins que le Conseil n'exprime nette~ ment l'avis qu'il serait utile d'agir ainsi. Les recentes discussions !"elatives aux differentes propositions se sont deroulees de maniere plutot confuse, et je n'ai pas ete en mesure de determiner si la I find that my first position really corresponds to the position of a member of one of the two groups into which the Council is unfortunately divided. What we have to do is substantially to follow the lead of the great Powers in these very important matters about which the representatives of the small nations have so little to say or do. But the other position, I believe, is more consistent with what, in the last analysis, should be done by the representatives of the small nations, who are sitting here to represent not only their countries but also the Organization at large. If we continue to head for a crisis, and are eventually to become involved in major diffiallties, I am inclined to think that millions upon millions of people all over the world will wish to know how we eventually reached that stage. They will want to have some record of the development of the crisis. They will want to evaluate the responsibility. For my own part,. I have already taken the liberty of stating that I am an inveterate optimist and that I still hope the Council will be able to find some way out of its present difficulty. Therefore, in moving this resolution, I again wish to express the hope that it will be not only acceptable to the Security Council but also fruitful in the sense of approaching, if not reaching, a solution to the all·· important Greek Question. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom): When the representative of Colombia first outlined the proposal which he has now submitted to us, I indicated that in general I would not be opposed to it, but I should not have any great faith in the success of this resort to a sub-committee. The mover of the resolution, in spite of his "inveterate optimism." has· himself expressed considerable doubt, and the statement from the representative of the USSR at the hundred and seventy-sixth meeting, certainly did not encourage any hopes that it would lead to any useful result. At the same meeting, the President expressed himself with some pessimism in regard to its prospects. Still, I am impressed with the fact that the Council certainly has laid upon it the duty of making every possible effort to try and find a solution (J)f any difficulty or dispute submitted to it; therefore, if the majority of the Council feels that it is wise and expedient to resort to this device, it will do so. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (Royaume-Uni) (traduit de l'anglais) : Lorsque le representant de la Colombie a d'abord expose dans ses grandes Jignes la proposition qu'il vient de !lOUS soumettre, j'ai indique de fa<;on generale que je ne m'y opposerais pas, mais que je n'aurais pas grand foi dans le succes de ce recours aun sous-comite. L'auteur de la resolution, en depit de son "optimisme in....etere", a lui-meme exprime un doute assez sensible, et la declaration du representant de l'URSS, a la centsoixante-seizieme seance, n'a certainement pas accru l'espoir que cette entreprise conduirait a un resultat pratique. A la meme seance, le President a manifeste un certain pessimisme a l'egard des per~pectives qu'elle permettrait d'envisager. Je suis convaincu, cependant, que le Conseil a le devoir de tenter tous les efforts possibles pour rechercher et trouver une solution atoute difficulte DU differend qui lui sont soumis; c'est pourqoi, si la majorite des membres du Conseil estiment qu'il e~t sage et pratique d'avoir recours acette solution, 11 agira en consequence. Mr. JOHNSON (United States of America): My delegation has a very deep appreciation of the constant efforts of the representative of Colombia and of the intere3t he has shown by his epdeavours to bring the opposing views into some sort of agreement. The idea behind the committee that he proposes warrants commendation; and the United States delegation will vote for the establishment of that committee, with the addition suggested by the representative of the United Kingdom that a certain time-limit should be set on the committee's report. I concur in the reasons given by Sir Alexander Cadogan for the necessity of setting a timelimit on the work of the committee, although I dislike, as he does, the idea of putting time-limits on work of this kind. delai determine, je ne pourrais l'appuyer. M. JOHNSON (Etats-Unis d'Amerique) (traduit de l'anglais) : Ma delegation attache un grand prix aux efforts constants du representant de la Colombie et a l'interet qu'il a manifeste danscette question en essayant de concilier d'une maniere ou d'une autre les points de vue opposes. L'esprit dans . leque1 il conc;oit le sous-comite qu'il propose lui merite des eloges. La delegation des Etats-Unis votera en faveur de la creation de ce sous-comite, moyennant l'additif propose par le representant du Royaume-Uni et qui prevoit un dela; determine pour le depot du rapport du sous-comite. Je partage l'opinion de Sir Alexander Cadogan en ce qui concerne la necessit6 d'impartir un delai determine pour le travail du sous-comite, bien que je n'aime pas, tout comme lui, l'idee de fixer des delais pour des travaux de cette espece. With regard to the Subsidiary Group which has been mentioned here by certain representatives, including the President, I said yesterday that I would give my views when this problem actually arose. V\Te are not discussing it now, so I do not consider myself bound either by the President's statement regarding the Subsidiary Group, or by tlle statements of other representatives, fo,r the simple reason that this question is not being discussed at present. If the President had said that this problem was not on the agenda and was not being discussed, I would have no objections to his statement. But any statements as to whether the Subsidiary Group or the Commission exists or not, whether it is working or not, or whether it should or should not exist-these problems are not being decided or discussed now. When anyone raises them at the appropriate time, then every representative, including myself, will have an opportunity of giving his views on these questions. Mr. PARODI (France) (translated from French): After the observations which we have just heard, I must say that in my view the questior of the Subsidiary Group is not distinct from the Greek question as a whole. It is one of the special aspects of the problem with which we are concerned, and I think that those of us who have referred to it were perfectly justified in so doing.

I shall make another statement about the Subsidiary Group and the Commission of Investigation. I do not intend to put it as a special subject for discussion. I consider, as I have 1 This resolution was introduced at the 147th meeting and amended at the 162nd, l'63rd, 164th, 165th, 166th and 168th meetings. For principal amendments, see Official M. GROMYKO (Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques) (tracfrztit du russe) : Hie\" j'ai exprime certains doutes au sujet de la proposition faite par le representant de la Colombie. Je continue a douter que le travail d'un sous-comite de ce genre puisse etre fructueux; eh effet, l'experience a montre que les propositions .ayant en vue l'etablissement de relations normales entre la Greee et les pays voisins ne trouvent pas d'appui au sein du Conseil de securite. Il y a done lieu de se demander si les representants, qui, lors des debats au Conseil de seeurite, n'estiment pas possible d'accepter les propositions ayant en vue la normalisation des relations entre la Grece et ses voisins, voudront .accepter ces memes propositions lorsqu'elles seront presentees au sous-comite, surtout s'il se produit des tentatives pour ressusciter la resolution des Etats-Unisl • En ee qui concerne le Groupe suhsidiaire, mentionne ici par certains representants ainsi que pal: le President, j'ai deja declare hier que je feral connaitre mon opinion sur cette question lorsqu'elle sera reellement posee. Nous ne discutons pas ceUe question en ce moment, et c'est pourquoi je ne m'estime lie, ni par les declarations du President au sujet du Groupe subsidiaire, ni par les declarations d'autres representants; et ceci tout simplement parce que cette question ne fait pas l'objet des presents debats. Si le President disait simplement que cette question ne se pose pas maintenant et ne fait pas l'objet de la discussion, je n'aurais pas d'objections a presenter. M~is toutes le~ de~la­ rations qui portent sur le pomt .d~ sav01: SI 1: Groupe subsidiaire, ou la Commission eXlste, SI cet organe continue a travailler, s'il doit ou non exister soulevent des questions qui ne font pas l'objet'des debats et ne demandent pas a etre tranchees en ce moment. Lorsque, en temps opportun, ces questions auront ete posees, ehaCUll des representants, y compris moi-meme, aura l'occasion de preciser son attitude. M. PAROD! (France): A la suite des observations que nous venons d'entendre, je tiens a dire que, a mes yeux, la question du Groupe subsidi~ire n'est pas distincte de l'ensemble de la questIOn grecque. C'est un des aspects particuliers du probleme dont nous nous occupons, et je pense que eeux cl'entre nous qui en ont traite etaient parfaitement fblldes ale faire. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglaris): Je vais fain: une autre declaration en ce qui concerne le Groupe' subsicliaire et la Commission d'enquHe. Je ne desire pas en faire un sujet special de cliscus- 1 Cett<:: resolution a ete pres'entee au cours de la 147eme seance et modifiee au cour£ des 162eme, 163eme, 164eme, 165eme, 166eme et 168eme seances. Pour les principau~ amendements, voir les Proces-verbau:r officiels dl' COHse,l de secllrite, Deuxieme Annee, Supplement No 1'5, Annexes 38 et 39. Mr. LANGE (Poland): The Polish delegation consistently supports an attempts to reach an agreement, however discouraging the situation may appear to be at the moment. For this reason, we support the proposal made by the representative of Colombia. There is one point I wish to question, namely, that of the'time-limit. We have no objection to setting a time-limit. It seems obvious, ho.wever, that a three-day time-limit such as has been proposed is too short, because the representatives may want to consult their Governments. I therefore suggest a longer time-limit. Mr. ]OHNSON (United States of America) : The United States delegation accepts. the ruling of the President regarding the existence of the Commission and Subsidiary Group, and we find it entirely in order. We share the President's view that no decision has been taken on the report of the Commission. Therefore, it follows without saying that the Commission and its Subsidiary Group continue to exist, and an affirmative decision of the Council will be necessary to terminate the existence of those bodies in the present circumstances.

\Ve shall now consider action on the proposal of the Colombian delegation, and on the proposed amendment to add the following sentence: "The Sub-Committee is requested to report its conclusions in the course of the present week." I submit this amendment for discussion first. :1\11'. LOPEZ (Colombia): I fully conc:ur in the view of fixing a time-limit in this draft resolution, as has been proposed by the representative of the United" Kingdom. However, I would suggest that if I am right in anticipating that we will not be having a meeting on Saturday, and that it is possible the President may consider following the various precedents which have been established by the former Presidents of the Council in not having meetings on Friday afternoons, there appears to be . no opportunity of getting the report before MOlIday. I think it would be satisfactory to everybody concerned, including the President of the Council, to have this report for the meeting next Monday. Mr. PARODI: (France) (translated from French): I agree with the views expressed by the representative of Colombia-in facr, they differ very little from those expressed by the representative of the United Kingdom, the only change being that the time-limit is longer by a few hours. ~lay I remind the Council that Monday's meeting 15 scheduled for the examination of the Egyptian Question. Therefore, I would say that the report should reach us by Monday afternoon and that we should examine it on Tuesday . M. LANGE (Pologne) (traduit de l'(tltglais) : La delegation de la Pologne appuie chaleureusement toute tentative d'arriver a un accord, quelque decourageante que puisse paraitre la situation en ce moment. Pour cette raison, nous appuyons la proposition faite par le representant de la Colombie. - Je desire soulever une question, a savoir celIe du delai determine. Nous n'elevons pas d'objection a l'imposition d'un delai. Il parrot evident, toutefois, qu'un delai determine de trois jours comme celui qui a ete propose est trop bref, parce que les representants peuvent desirer consulter leur Gouvernement. C'est pourquoi je propose un delai plus long. M. JOHNSON (Etats-Unis d'Amerique) (trad1t£t de l'anglais) : La delegation des Etats-Unis accepte la decision du President en ce qui concerne l'existence de la Commission et du Groupe subsidiaire, et nous la considerons tout it fait apropos. Nous partageons le point de vue du President qu'aucune decision n'a ete prise en ce qui concerne le rapport de la Commission. Il s'ensuit donc que la Commission et son Groupe subsidiaire continumt d'exister. et que, dans les circonstances preser,tes. il faudra un acte positif du Conseil pour mettre fin a l'existence de ces organismes. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l}a.nglais): Nous allons maintenant prendre une decision en ce q1)i concerne la proposition de la delegation de la Colombie et l'amendement propose qui consiste en l'addition de la phrase suivante: "Le Sous- Comite est prie de soumettre ses conclusions au cours de la presente semaine." J'ouvre la discussion en ce qui concerne cet an1endement d'abord. M. LOPEZ (Colombie) (traduit de l)anglais) : Je partage entierement le point de vue qui consiste a indiquer une d~te limite dans ce projet de resolution, ainsi que l'a propose le representant du Royaume-Uni. Toutefois, si je ne me trompe en prevoyant que nOllS n'aurons pas de reunion samedi et qu'i1 est possible que le President desire suivre les differents precedents qui ont ete etablis par l'ancien President du Conseil, a savoir qu'il n'y a pas de seance le vendredi .apres-midi, il me semble qu'il n'y ait aucune necessite d'obtenir le rapport avant lundi. Je crois qu'il serait satisfaisant pour toutes les parties interessees, y compris le President du Conseil, d'etre en possession de ce rapport pour la seance de lundi prochain. M. PARODI (Franc( : Je ::-artage les vues du representant de la Colombie qui, d'ailleurs, ne different pas beaucoup de celles du representant du Royaume-Uni, puisqu'il s'agit seult~ment d'ajouter 'luelques hem'es an delai propose par ce dernier. Je rappelle cependant aux membres du Conseil que notre reunion de lundi est en principe reservee au reglement de la question egyptienne. Ce n'est donc probablement que mardi que nous pourrons examiner le rapport du Sous-Comite qui pourrait, en consequence, nous etre remis lundi apres-midi. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom) : I find it impossible to resist the suggestions of the representatives of Colombia and France. V/hen I suggested that the sub-committee should report this week, I had in mind that the Council would consider the report on Monday. However, I have now been reminded by the French representative that on Monday we are committed to further discussion of the Egyptian Question. Therefore, I am brought inevitably to Tuesday, but no later than Tuesday. Could we, then, change my amendment to read as follows: "The sub-committee is requested to report its conclusions to the Security Council on 11 August"?· That would mean that their report could be circulated to the Council at any time next Monday, 11 August, and the Council could take it under consideration on the following day. The PRESIDENT: We shall now vote on the amendment submitted! by the representative of the United Kingdom. A vote was taken by show of hands.. and the amendment 'luas'accepted by 10 votes to none, with one abstention. Votes for: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, Poland, Syria, United Kingdom, United States of America. Abstention: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

\'1e shall now vote on the resolution submitted by the representative of Colombia, as amended. A vote was taken by show of hands, and the resolution was accepted by 10 votes to none with one abstention. Votes for: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, Poland, Syria, United Kingdom, United States of America. Abstention: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

The next step is to appoint the members of the Sub-Committee. The resolution states that the Sub-Committee shall be composed of "the representatives of the delegations .which have submitted proposals on the Greek Question and amendments thereto ...H That would mean, as I remember it, that the Sub-Committee would be composed of the representatives of Australia, Colombia. France, Poland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. However, I think the representative of Colombia should have the opportunity to tell us what he had in mind when he said that the Sub~Committee should be composed of those who had "submitted proposals . . . and amendments thereto." Mr. L6PEZ (Colombia): Originally, we had two proposals: one submitted by the United States delegation, and the other submitted by the USSR delegation. We then had amendments submitted by the United Kingdom delegation and the French delegation. After those were voted down, we had another proposal by the Polish delegation. During the discussion of the United States proposal, I offered some suggestions, but not as formal proposals. The Australian F~resentative very graciously agreed to propose one <;>f those suggestions Votent pour: Australie, Belgique, Bresil, Chine, Colombie, France, Pologne, Syrie, Royaume-Uni, Etats-Unis d'Amerique. S'abstient: L'Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais) : Je vais maintenant mettre aux voix, dans sa forme modifiee, la resolution proposee par le representant de la Colombie. . Il est procede au vote amain levee. Pa.r 10 voi:r cont1'e zero, avec une abstention, la resolution est adoptee. V O'tent pour: Australie, Belgique, Bresil, Chine, Colombie, France, Pologne, Syrie, Royaume-Uni, Etats-Unis d'Amerique. S'abstient: VUnion des Republiques socialistes sovietiques. Le PRESIDENT Urad~tit de l'anglais) : La mesure suivante consiste anommer les membres du Sous- Comite. La resolution stipule que le Sous.-Comite sera compose de "tous les auteurs de propositions et d'amendements sur la question grecque". Cela signifie, si j'ai bonne memoire, que le Sous-Comite se composera des representants de l'Australie, de la Colombie, de la France, de la Pologne. de I'Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques, du Royaume-Uni et des Etats-Unis d'Amerique. Toutefois, j'estime que le representant de la Colombie devrait nous expliquer ce qu'il a voulu dire en indiquant que le Sous-Comite serait compose de "tous les auteurs de propositions et d'amendements". M. LOPEZ (Colombie). (traduit de l'anglais) : A l'origine, nous etions en presence de deux propositions: rune soumise par la delegation des Etats- Unis et l'autre soumise par la delegation de I'URSS. Des amendements furent alors soumis par la delegation du Roya1.lme-Uni et la delegation de la France. Apres le rejet de ces propositions et amendements, nous nous sommes trouves en presence de la proposition de ly. delegation de la Pologne. Au cours de la discussion de la proposition des Etats-Unis, j'ai fait certaines sugges-

However; the representative of Colombia is the author of this resolution; and, as such, he should be a member of the Sub-Committee. The representives of the countries I have hlentioned will also serve as members of the Sub- Committee. They are requested to meet as soon as possible. They may wish to meet this evening or tomorrow or during the week-end. We are ready to cancel a meeting of the Council, if necessary, in order to give the Sub-Committee an opportunity to meet. I think we should appoint a chairman of the Sub-Committee for the purpose of calling the members together. Would the author of this resolution take charge·of convoking a meeting of the Sub- Committee as soon as possible? After the Sub- CommHee has met, the members can decide their further procedure among themselves. Colonel HODGSON (Australia): My delegation voted for the establishment of the Council Sub- Committee, not with any great faith or hope as to what it can accomplish in view of the grave differences of opinion which have arisen, but because, as has been suggested, it might be useful. We must, however, face up to the fact that this Council has not reached a' decision, and the appointment of still another sub-committee is really avoiding a decision. We say that it is imperative th2.t the Council should act now; we feel that we cannot allow the present state of affairs to continue, and we therefore think there should be a new approach based on the realities of the position. What are the realities of the position? One side says that the basic cause of the trouble lies in the actions of the Greek Government, and that the internal situation in Greece is responsible for all the frontier incidents and friction. The other side, basing its case on the report of the Commission cf . Jnvestigation, says that the responsibility rests on the three northern neighbours. For the Council to reach a decision on any subject, though different solutions may be proposed, there must be some understanding on the facts. \Vhat are the ascertained facts? Here we have a case before the Council where there is no understanding or agreement as to the facts; but everyone agrees, either directly or by implication, that the position is a threat to the peace. If I understood the representative of the USSR correctly, even he spoke about some 240 incidents which were a threat to the peace of the Balkans. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais) :Cependant, le representant de la Colombie est l'auteur de cette resolution; comme tel, il devrait etre membre du Sous-Comite. Les representants des pays que j'ai mentiOI'nes sicgeront egalement au Sous-Comite. Ils son: pries de se reunir aussitot que possible. IIs des.;reront peut-etre sieger ce soir ou demain, ou bien au cours de la fin de semaine. Nous sommes prets a. annuler une seal1ce du Conseil, si c'est necessaire, pour permettI e au Sous-Comite de se reunir. Je crois que nous devrions nommer un President du Sous-Comite avec mission de reunir les membres. L'auteur de la resolution voudrait-il se charger de convoquer une reunion du Sous-Comite aussitot que possible? Apres que le Sous-Comite se sera reuni, <ses membres decideront entre eux de la procedure qu'ils desirent adopter. . Le colonel HODGSON (Australie) (tradttit de l'anglais) : Ma delegation a vote pour l'etablissement dn Sous-Comite du Conseil, non parce qu'elle a l.me grande confiance ou un grand espoir dans l'ccl1vre qu'il peut accomplir, etant donhe les graves divergences de vues qui se sont manifestees, mais parce que cela peut etre utile, ainsi qu'il a ete indique. Nous devons toutefois tenir compte du fait que le Conseil n'a pas abouti a. une decision, et que la constitution d'un nouveau sous-comite consiste, en realite, a. eviter une decision. Nons affirmons qu'il est imperatif que le Conseil agisse maintenant; nous estimons que nous ne pouvons pas laisser la situation presente se prolonger, et c'est pourquoi nons croyons qu'un nouvel examen de la question, fonde sur les realites de la situation, est necessaire. Quelles sont les realites de la situation? Un groupe du Conseil declare que la cause fonda.. mentale des troubles reside dans l'attitude du Gouvernement grec et que la situation interieure de la Grece constitue la cause des troubles et incidents de frontieres. L'autre groupe, se fondant sur le rapport de la Commission d'enquete, dit que les trois voisins septentrionaux de la Grece portent la responsabilite de la situation. Pour permettre au Conseil d'arriver a. une deciion sur un sujet quelconque, queUes que soient solutions differentes qui peuvent etre proposees, une certaine entente est necessaire, quant aux faits. Quels sont les faits etablis? Le Conseil se trouve, ici, en presence d'un cas OU il n'y a ni entente, ni accord en ce qui conceme les faits, mais tout le monde admet, soit directement, soit implicitement, que la situation constitue une menace a. la paix. Si j'ai bien compris le repre~entant de l'URSS, il a, lui-meme, parle de quelques 240 incidents qui constituerent une menace a. la paix dans les Balkans. C'est pourquoi mon Gouvernement estime que le Conseil devrait adopter une attitude semblable it That being so, tUlder Article 40 we are then called on to take certain provisional measures to remove that threat. The Australian delegation proposes a resolution to that end, and at this stage we leave it to the discretion of the Council whether it should be passed on to the new Sub-Committee for the consideration as one of the possible solutions, or whether it should be considered as an entirely separate resolution. The resolution is in the following terms: "The Security COlll/cil, "Having received a·nd considered the report of the Commission of Investigation established by the resolution of the Council dated 19 December 1946, "1. Determines that the situation on the northern borders of Greece constitutes a threat to the peace under Article 39 of the Charter of the United Nations, "2. Calls ttpon the parties involved, namely Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, to cease all acts of provocation, "3. Directs, in accordance with Article 40 of the Charter of the United Nations, that Greece on the one hand and Albania, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria on the other hand, should at once enter into direct negotiations in an endeavour to relieve the tension at present existing and with a view to the resumption of normal and peaceful diplomatic relations, "2. Invite les parties interessees, cl. savoir: la Grece, I'Albanie, la Yougoslavie ~t la Bulgaric. cl. cesser tous actes de provocation; "3. Decide, conformement a l'Article 40 ele la Charte, que la Grece, d'une part, l'Albanie, la Yougoslavie et la Bulgarie d'autre part, doivent immediatement entreprendre des negociations directes pour s'efforcer de supprimer la tension existant actuellement et pour assurer la reprise de relations diplomatiques normales et pacifiques, "4. hwite .les Gouverneml'nts interesses a presenter, avant le 6 septembre 1947, un rapport sur les mesures prises pour donner effet cl. la presente resolution. "Pour assurer l'execution de la presente decision, il sera procede cl. la designation d'observateurs charges de faire directe111ent rapport au Conseil de securite." It will be seen that this is no compromise, but On verra que ce projet ne constitue pas un comit does not impute blame to any party. It does not Ipromis, mais qu'il de tend cl. blamer aucune des attempt to say who is right or who is wrong, beparties interessees. I1 ne cherche pas cl. etablir qui cause the Council cannot reach a decision on that a raison ou qui a tort, parce que le Conseil ne point, and we have to be realistic. As we see it, peut aboutir cl. une decision a ce sujet, et nous as practical men we have to reach a practical elevons etre realistes. A notre sens, nous devons solution. agir en hommes pratiques pour aboutir aune soln- . . , tlon pratique. . Il n'est pas question que c~tte reso!~tion constitne une recommandation. ElIe represente une decision du Conseil. EJl partant ele ce point de vuc. nons evitons toutes difficultes sur la question de competence et tous les arguments techniques ql1C souleverait le point de savoir si, aux termes cln Chapitre VI, une recommandation formulee par le Conseil lierait ou non les parties interessees. eette resolution fournira atont representant qui ne l'appouvera pas la possibilite de faire consigner son point de vue au compte rendu. En outre. elle nous permet de prouver que le 111ecanisme clu Conseil de securite est vraiment capable de fonctionner. Elle nous permet d'affirmer que l'Organistation des Nations Unies peut fonctio11ner. Et nons croyons que, si le Conseil clait travailler. c'est maintenant qu'il doit le faire. "4. Calls upon the Governments concerned to report before 6 September 1947 the steps taken to give effect to this resolution. "To ensure that this decision is put into effect, there shall be appointed observers with the duty of reporting directly to the Security Council." There is no question of this resolution's being a recommendation. It is a decision by this Council. Therefore, we avoid all these difficulties as to jurisdiction, and all technical arguments under Chapter VI as to whether a recommendation by this Council would be binding or not on the respective parties. This resolution will give any representatives here who do not favour it adequate opportunity to put their views on record. Further, it gives us an opportunity to prove that the machinery of the Security Council can indeed work. It enables us to indicate our determination that the United Nations can work; and we believe that if this Council is to work, it has to work now. cl. la paix. Decidons-en ainsi. . Cela etant dit, il nous faut alors, en vertu de l'Article 40, prendre certaines mesures provisoires. afin d'ecarter cette menace. La d~legationde l'Australie a propose une resolution cl. cette fin et, au stade actuel de la discussion, nous laissons au Conseil le soin de decider si cette resolution doit etre transmise au nouveau Sous-Comite pour etre consideree comme une des solutions possibles ou si elle doit etre consideree comme une resolution tout cl. fait distincte. La resolution se lit com111e suit: "Le Conseil de sent.rite, "A)'u.nt reftt et etttd·ie le rapport de la Commission d'enquete creee par la resolution du Conseil en date du 19 decembre 1946, "I. Constate que la situation existant aux frontieres septentrionales de la Greee constitue une menace contre la paix en vertu de l'Article 39 de la Charte des Nations Unies; All the representatives of the countries concerned have come to this Council, claiming that they are innocent. They claim that they are r.cting in good faith; they claim tl]at they are not responsible. But we know that those incidents and the friction are still continuing. We suggest the ready acceptance of this proposal will be an earnest of their good will. The world wants peace, and this Balkan question is a danger to that peace. We all wish to see it removed as soon as possible. To that end, we submit this resolution for the consideration of the Council. Mr. LOPEZ (Colombia) : I feel that we are beginning to move in the right direction. We are beginning to take account of th~ fact which was "ery clearly stated by the Australian representative-namely, that as heretofore we have had two conflicting points of view on which no agreement seems to have been possibl(t, we should therefore move out and see whether we can find a different solution. I welcome the Australian proposal as a "ery.constructive move, and I venture to suggest that it should be tabled as a new draft resolution -which, of course, the Sub-Committee just appoil1ted will naturally take into consideration. M. LOPEz (Colombie) (tradl/it de fanglais) : Je crois que nous commen<;ons it nous engager clans la bonne voie. Nous commen<;ons it prendre en consideration le fait qui a ete tres clairement etabli par le representant de l'Australie, it savoir que, vu que nous nous sommes trouves juqu'it present en presence de -deux points de vue opposes qu'il semble impossible de concilier, nous devrions nous degager de cette situation pour voir si nous pouvons trouver une solution differente. J'accueille favorablement la proposition de l'Australie comme etant une mesure d'ordre tres pratique, et je me permets de proposer qu'elle soit soumise sous forme de nouveau projet de resolution que, bien entendu, le Sous-Comite nouvellement constitue prendra, evidemment, en consideration. ."" En cequi nous concerne, la delegation de la Colombie se propose egalement de soumetlre un nouveau prajet de resolution, qui sera bientot distribue aux membres du Conseil; nous crayons que, je le repete une fois de plus, ce projet est different et pennet d'aborder le probleme sous un angle plus acceptable pour toutes les parties interessees. • Before I make some very brief remarks about Avant de formuler les quelques tres breves rethis new draft resolution, I hope it will not be i::-: I marques que je desire faire it propos de ce nouveau posing too much on the Council if I read it rapidly, projet de resolution, j'espere ne pas abuser du so that the Council may be able to judge w!~:; we temps du Conseil en le lisant rapidement, pour lui believe that it will contribute to the success of the permettre de juger pourquoi nous croyons que ce work of the Sub-Committee just appointed. I beprojet contribuera au succes des travaux du Souslieve the Sub-Committee will do some very good Cornite qui vient d'etre institue. Je crois que le work, but assuming that I am wrong and that all Sous-Comite accomplira une tache excellente, mais, the members who have expressed pessimism are en supposant que je me trompe et que tous les right, I am all the more inclined to submit my membres qui ont manifeste. du pessimisme aiel.- resolution so that, in case nothing results from the raison, je suis d'autant plus enclin it presenter ma work of the Sub-Committee, we shall have someresolution qu'elle nous fournira un autre texte it thing else to discuss. discuter, dans le cas d'un echec des travaux du Sous-Comite. Ce nouveau projet de resolution se lit comme suit: This new draft resolution reads as follows: "The Secu.rity Co-uncil, "Having considered the reports of the Commission of Investigation established by resolution dated 19 December 1946, finds that a situation exists, the continuance of which might lead to a breach of the peace. "1. Calls upon the Governments of Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and Yugoslavia to abstaIn from all action, direct or indirect, which may be likely to increase the tension and unrest at present exist- For our part, the Colombian delegation also proposes to submit a new draft resolution which will be distributed presently to the members of the Council and which, I repeat once more, we believe to be differen~ and to furnish an approach more acceptable to all the parties concerned. "Ayant examine le rapport de la Commission d'enquete creee par la resolution du 19 decembre 1946, constate qu'il existe une situation dont la prolongation risque de conduire it une rupture de la paix. "I. En consequence, le Conseil de securite in- vite les Gouvernements de l'Albanie, de la Bul- garie, de la Grece et de la Yougoslavie it s'abs- tenir de toute acte qui, directement ou indirecte- "H. Also finds that further action is required for the purpose of restoring normal conditions along the frontiers between Greece, on the one hand, and Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia on the other, and to this effect it deems it necessary to urge UpOt.l the four Governments concerned the following recommendations: "1: To establish as soon as possible diplomatic relations among themselves, and to maintain good- neighbourly relations. "2. To enter into frontier conventions providing for effective machinery for the regulation and con- trol of their common frontiers, and for the pacific settlement of frontier incidents and disputes. "3. To negotiate with a sincere spirit of co- operation adequate conventions for the voluntary transfe:r of minorities. Until such conventions come into force, individuals belonging to a given minor- ity in any of the countries concerned and desiring to emigrate, should be given all facilities to do so by the Government of the State in which they re- side. Arrangements for the voluntary transfer of minorities shm.tld be supervised by the interna- tional body authorized by the United Nations to undertake the task. "4. As the 'p'resence of refugees in any of the four countries is a disturbing factor. "(a) To remove such refugees as far from the country from which they came as is practicably possible; "(b) To segregate them in camps or otherwise; " (c) To take effective measures to prevent their participation in any political or military activity. "Such camps should be placed under the super- vision of some international body authorized by the United Nations to undertake the task. "In order to ensure that only genuine refugees return to their country of origin, repatriation shall not take place except after arrangements with the Government of the country of origin or after noti- fication to the international body authorized for this task by the United Nations. "Ill. Hereby establishes a Commission com- posed of the representatives of three of its five permanent members and four of its six non-per- manent members. tiere entre la Grece d'une part et l'Albanie, la Bulgarie et la' Yougoslavie d'autre part. A cet effet, il juge neeessaire d'inviter les quatre Gouver- nements a se conformer aux recommandations suivantes: "1. Eta:hlir, le plus tot possible, des relations diplomatiques normales et maintenir des relations de bon voisinage; "2. Conclure des conventions de frontiere qui prevoient un systeme efficace de surveillance et de controle de leurs frontieres communes ainsi que le reglement pacifique des differends et incidents de frontiere; "3. Negoder, dans un esprit de cooperation sincere, des conventions sur le transfert volontaire des minorites. En attendant l'entree en vigueur de ces conventions, les individus appartenant a une minorite donnee de l'un quelconque des pays interesses et desireux d'emigrer, doivent etre aides dans toute la mesure du possible par le Gouverne- ment du pays dans lequel ils resident. Les accords pour le transfert des minorites seront controles par l'organisme international charge par les Nations Unies d'assumer cette tache; "4. Etant donnee que la presence de re£ugies dans l'un quelcol1que des quatre pays constitue un element de trouble, il convient: "a) D'evacuer ces re£ugies le plus loin possible de la frontiere du pays d'ou ils viennent; "b) De les isoler dans des camps ou d'une autre maniere; ((c) De prendre des mesures' efficaces pour empecher qu'ils ne prennent part a une activite politique ou militaire. "ees camps seront places sous la surveillance d'un organisme international charge par les Na- tions Unies d'assumer eette tache. "Afin de s'assurer que seuls les refugies authenti- <lues retournent das leur pays d'origine, le rapa- triement n'aura lieu que lorsque des arrangements auront ete conclus avec le Gouvernement du pays d'origine ou apres notification a' l'organisme international charge de cette tache par les Nations Unies. "HI. Le Conseil de securite cree, par la pre- sente resolution, une Commission composee des representants de trois de ses cinq membres per- manents et de quatre de ses six membres non permanents. "Th~ functions of the Commission shall be: "1. To co-operate with the Governments Of Al- bania, Bulgaria, Greece and Yugoslavia in the negotiation and conclusion of the frontier conven- tions recommended under this resolution; "2. To study and make recommendations to the above-mentioned "Governments with respect to such additional bilateral agreements between them for the pacific settlement of disputes relating to frontier incidents or conditions along the frontier as the Commission may consider desirable; "3. To use its good offices for the settlement, by the means mentioned in Article 33 of the Charter, of: "(a) Controversies arising from frontier viola- tions; "(b) Controversies directly connected with the application of frontier conventions' recommended to the four Governments under this resolution; " (c) Complaints regarding conditions on the border which may be brought to the attention of the Commission by one Government against the ·other. "4. To assist the four Governments concerned in the negotiation and conclusion of arrangements for the transfer of refugees and minorities, and if called upon by' anyone of them, to supervise the execution ')f such conventions and to act as a regis- tration at.thority for any persons desiring to emigrate. "IV. The Commission shall hold its first meet- ing in Geneva, Switzerland, and shall be author- ized to move its headquarters to such other places as in its judgme'i1t will best facilitate its work. "The Commission shall perform its task on either side of the Greek borders with the co-opera- tion of the officials and nationals of the four Gov- ernments concerned. "The Commission shall have the staff necessary to discharge its duties, including persons able to act as border observers. "c) Des plaintes relatives aux conditions exis- tant a. la frontiere, formulees par un Gouverne- ment contre un autre et soumises a. l'examen de la commission; "4. Aider les quatre Gouvernements interesses anegocier et condure des accords pour le transfert des refugies et des minorites, et, sur la demande de l'un quelconque d'entre eux, controler l'execution de ces conventions et tenir regi~tre des personnes qui desirent emigrer. "IV. La Commission tiendra sa premiere seance a. Geneve, Suisse, et sera autorisee a. trans- ferer son siege la OU, selon son jugement, elle sera le mieux en mesure de s'acquitter de sa tache. "La Commission remplira sa mission de part et d'autre de la frontit~re grecque, en cooperation avec les fonctionnaires et ressortissants des quatre Gouvernements interesses. "La Commission sera dotee du personnel neces- saire pour lui permettre de s'acquitter de sa tache, elle comprendra notamment des personnes pouvant faire fonction d'observateurs de frontieres. "La Commission fixera son reglement interieur et ses methodes de travail. "The Commission shall establish its own rules of procedure and methods of conducting its busihesf. "The Commission shaH commence its work as soon as prActicable after 1 September 1947, and shall supersede the Commission of Investigation established by resolution dated 19 December 1946, and the Subsidiary Group thereof, established by 'resolution dated 18 April 1947. "The Commission shall render regularly monthly reports to the Security Council or more frequently if it thinks fit. "The Commission shall remain in existence until otherwise decided by affirmative action of the Security Council." I shall now make some very brief remarks "La Commission commencera ses travaux le plus tot possible apres le ler septembre 1947, et remplacera la Commission d'enquete creee par la resolution du 19 decembre 1946, ainsi que le Groupe subsidiaire cree par la resolution du 18 avril 1947. "La Commission soumettra au Conseil de secu- rite un rapport tous les mois; elle pourra le faire plus frequemment si elle le juge necessaire. "La Commission demeurera en existence jusqu'a ce qu'il en soit decide autrement par un acte positif du Conseil de securite. Je n'ai plus que quelques tres breves observations a. faire au sujet de cette resolution. Tout d'abord, elle evite absolument de faire retomber le blame sur l'une quelconque des parties, mais fait apPel a celles-ci pour qu'elles s'abstiennent de tout acte susceptible d'accroitre la tension ou le malaise qui a~out this resolution. In the first place, the resolu- tIon leaves out altogether any question of the ap- portionment of the blame to any of the parties, but c.alls. upon both sides to abstain from any action lIkely to increase the tension or unrest at present ern~cnt can object or which it can regard as an abridgement of its sovereignty or, as we have heard, as an implication that we are placing the Balkan countries in some kind of trusteeship. Their sovereignty, I believe, is fully respected here and fully taken into account. It is clear from the information we have at hand that something must be done by the Security Council in order to avoid trouble in the Balkans and to restore normal conditions between Greece and the adjoining countries. We a:lso believe that we would be well-advised to mention the question of the Subsidiary Group in any new proposal. I believe that any new proposal wi.kh fails to men- tion that subject will involve us in some kind of indirect or lengthy discussion about the matter. That is why we propose in this resolution that the new commission shall supersede the other. It seems clear to us that those who favour the prolongation of the existing Subsidiary Group will be satisfied to have this new commission supersede it. On the other hand, if some such proposal as this is ac- cepted, or if the Subsidiary Group will continue Notre discussion a porte de temps it autre sur le point de savoir si ces pays ont collabore ou non, d'une maniere ou d'une autre, avec le Groupe sub- sidiaire. Nous avons entendu les avis des repre- sentants des pays balkaniques au sujet de certaines propositions mais je ne crois pas que nous ayons obtenu de l'un d'eux une prise de position tres nette, sauf peut-etre, de la Grece, it l'egard de la proposition des Etats··Unis. Je crois que les travaux du Sous-Comite et du Conseil de securite se trouveraient considerablement facilites si les representants des pa)'iS balkaniques voulaient bien nous dire franchement ce qu'ils pensent des dif- ferentes propositions que nous discutons. Person- nellement, j'admets que nous devrions modifier nos propositions si, par exemple, nous avions l'in- dication precise que ces pays ne desirent pas etablir entre eux de relations diplomatiques; nous ne pourrions attendre d'eux, dans ces circonstances, qu'ils consentent it conclure d'autre.s conventions. Compte tenu de ces considerations, le Conseil de securite desirera sans doute examiner de nouvelles variantes de ces propositions. De toute maniere, je ne crois pas que ce nouveau projet de resolution renferme rien cl quoi un Gouvernement quekonque puisse opposer des ob- jections ou qu'il puisse considerer comme un em- pietement sur sa souverainete, ou encore, comme nous l'avons entendu, comme si nous placions les pays balkaniques sous une sorte de tutelle. Je crois que leuI' souverainete est entierement res- pectee ici, qu'il en est pleinement tenu compte. Il ressort nettement des informations que nous possedons, que le Conseil de securite doit prendre des mesures pour eviter des troubles dans les Balkans et pour retablir des relations normales entre la Grece et les pays voisins. Nous croyons egalement qu'il serait indique que nous mention- nions la question du Groupe subsidiaire dans toute nouvelle proposition. Je pense que toute nO\1- velle proposition qui ne mentionnerait pas. ce sujet nous conduirait it discuter la questIon indirectement ou de fa<;on prolongee. C'est pour- quoi nous proposons, dans la resolution, que la nouvelle commission remplace I'autre. Il noUS :;emble evident que ceux qui desirent prolong:er l'existence du Groupe subsidiaire seront satls- faits de ce que la nouveI1e commission le rem- place. D'autre part, si une proposition de ce genre At any rate, these are new proposals which form the basis for discussion. They can go first of all to the Sub~Committee, and the Sub-Committee can determine whether it finds them useful. If the Sub-Committee can agree to anything, the pro- posals will come to the Security Council for con- sideration separately. I should like to make one more suggestion before I conclude my remarks. I feel very highly-hon- oured by the suggestion that I should act as Chairman of the Sub-Committee, but I should be pleased if the P!'esident would give the task of presiding over that Sub-Committee to a member with a more active interest and responsibility in seeing that the Security Council loses no time in taking up all the other proposals. I should like to reserve my right to insist on my point of view· as an individual member of the Council, and to leave the task of presiding over this very important Committee to one of my colleagues, Cl, member who has more experience and ability in handling dif- ficult situations like the present one. I should also like to make some clarification as to how I und.~rstand that these different proposals should be handled. I am afraid I have been rather confusing in the presentation of my ideas. I be- lieve that the Australian proposal was formerly tabled after the appointment of this Sub-Com~ mittee. After the Australian proposal, the CoI..:>m- bian delegation's proposal was submitted. I understand' that before the Council goes into the matter, the Sub-Commiftee will consider all the proposals 'submitted, and if the Sub-Committee reaches an agreement and makes a new draft resolution, the consideration of that resolution will have precedence in the Council. If, however, the Sub-Committee does not reach any agreement, then the Australia,n proposal will come up for con- sideration first and the Colombian proposal next.

That is exactly what I was going to do, that is, send these draft resolutions presented this afternoon to the Sub-Committee for consideration in order to see what it can do about them. If the Sub-Committee agrees on a draft resolution, we will consider that first in the course of our deliberati<¥1s. If the Sub-Committee disagrees, we will continue our consideration of the resolutions which we have l',een examining. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'allglais): C'est exactement ce que j'avais l'intention de faire, c'est-a-dire transmettre au Sous-Comite les projets de resolution presentes cet apres-midi pour qu'il les examine et qu'il voie ce qu'il peut en faire. Si le Sous-Comite aboutit a un accord an sujet d'un projet de resolution, c'est le texte que nous examinerons en premier lieu au cours de nos debats. Si le Sous-Comite n'aboutit pas a un accord, nous poursuivrons nos debats au sujet des resolutions que nous avons deja examinees. Le Sous-Comite se reunira demain a 10 h.30 dans la salle de conference No 5, et j'annule la reunion du Conseil de securite pour permettre au Sous-Comite de se reunir a ce moment. Si M. L6pez n'accepte pas la presidence du Sous- Comite, cet organe elira son propre bureau lorsqu'il se reunira. Il se reunira en seance privee. Puisque le representant de l'Australie a souleve la question de l'Artide 39 de la Charte, il s'ensuit que la lettre presentee par la delegation de la Grece fait deja l!objet de la discussion. Dans 1'0l'dre logique, c'est maintenant que nous den'ions en discuter. Mais nous avons commence les debats. et je demande au representant de la Grece de faire une declaration au sujet de cette lettre. apres que le representant de l'URSS aura presente ses observations sur certains points. The Sub-Committee will meet tomorrow at 10.30 a.m. in conference room 5, and I shall cancel the meeting of the Security Council in order that the Sub-Committee may meet at that time. If Mr. L6pez does not accept the chairmanship of the Sub-Committee, that body will choose its own officers when it meets. It wi1l be a closed meeting. As the representative of Australia has raised the question of Article 39 of the Charter, that means that the letter which was presented by the Greek delegation is now under discussion. In its proper order it would now come up for discussion. We have opened the discussion, and I would ask the G;-eek representative to make a statement about his letter after the representative of the USSR has made his remarks on certain points. by the Security Council on the Indonesian Questionl Paragraph 2 of the Australian resolution is somewhat reminiscent of the decision taken on the situation in Indonesia. In paragr?-ph 4 we have the United States proposal to set up a body of frontier observers. I do not think that the mechanical combination of applying the United States proposal to the Greek Question and giving it the form of the resolution which we adopted onthe Indonesian Question, really offers a substantial basis for agreement on the Greek Question. The USSR delegation considers the Australian resolution unacceptable. I could speak in detail on the Australian resolution, but I think this question will be discussed in the Sub-Committee and I shall therefore not dwell on it now.

These draft resolutions are not open for discussion now; I said that they would be referred to the Sub-Committee for discussion there. Mr. TSIANG (China) : I wish to raise a point of I M. TSIANG (Chine) (traduit de l'anglais) : Je order. When the Council passed the resolution desire presenter une motion d'ordre. Lorsque le calling for the creation of a sub-committee, it was Conseil a adopte la resolution etablissant un Sousunderstood that it would be the duty of that Sub- Comite, il a ete entendu que le Sous-Comite aurait Committee to explore some other approach. The pour tache de rechercher d'autres solutions. La resolution did not state that the resolutions of resolution ne stipulait pas que les resolutions relasubstance subsequently moved by Australia and tives au fond de la question, presentees ulterieure- Colombia should be referred to the Sub-Comment par l'Australie et la Colombie, devraient mittee. If such reference should now be made, I etre transmises au Sous-Comite. S'il en doit etre think that would go beyond the terms of the ainsi maintenant, je pense qu'on depaStserait le but Colombian resolution. de la resolution de la Colombie. Furthermore, I submit that such 'procedure En outre, je pense qu'une telle fa<;on de proceder would not normally be advantageous The Subne serait pratiquement pas avantageuse. Le Sou?- - Committee is composed of seven members of this Comite est compose de sept membres de ce Cansed. Council. If the seven members have a full debate, Si les sept membres procMent it un debat ,ap~ro­ there will only have to be another full debate later. fondi, i1 devra, neanmoins, y avoir un autre debat Therefore, I hope that the Sub-Committee will be approfondi plus tard. C'est pourquoi j'esp~re qu~ called upon to perform the functions stated in the le Sous-Comite sera invite aremplir la misswn q:ll Colombian resolution, and that the resolutions sublui a ete impartie dans la resolution de la Colomble Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais) : Ces projets de resolution ne font pas l'objet de la Sliscussion en ce moment; j'ai dit qu'ils seront transmis au Sous-Comite qui -en discutera. The Council preceeded with the greatest alaC!"ity to take action in the Indonesian case, and in the opinion of my delegation the situation in Greece is even more dangerous as far as world peace is concerned, and also is urgent. The representative of Greece has in fact, appealed as the representative of a small country to this Council for protection. I think that before the Sub-Committee meets and considers the proposals already made, as well as any o!hers it may choose to consider, the representatIve of Greece should have an opportunity of being heard, this evening if necessary. The PRE?IDENT: I had intended to call upon the representatIve of Greecewhen the representative of the United States asked to speak on a point of order. I have still on my list of speakers the representatives of Greece, Yugoslavia and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Re- P?blics) (translated from Russian): We have decided to set up a sub-committee to consider any prop~sals submit,ted to it on the Greek question, that IS to say,. on the Commission's report. We have one question on our agenda: the Commission's-report. The letter sent by Mr. Tsaldaris is not a separate question on the Council's agenda, but has been forwarded in connexion with the old Greek question, in connexion with the Commission's report, as the Greek representative told us at the hundred and seventy-sixth Council meeting. If the Sub-Committee we have set up starts work at once, all discussion of any proposals whatsoever should cease in the Council until this Sub- Committee's work is ended. If the Greek representative makes a statement, then the Sub-Committee should not begin its work. It would mean that the Security Council would continue to discuss the Commission's report at its meetings. ordre du jour ne figure qu'une seule question: le rapport de la Commission. La lettre envoyee par M. Tsaldaris ne constitue pas une question separee figuranL a l'ordre du jour du Conseil; elle a ete envoyee a l'occasion de l'examen de la question grecque, de l'examen du rapport de la Commission, comme le representant de la Grece l'a declare lui-meme a la cent-soixante-seizieme seance du Conseil. Si le Sous-Comite que nous avons cree commence immediatement ses travaux, toutes les discussions portant sur les propositions doivent cesser au Conseil jusqu'au moment ou ce Sous-Comite aura termine. Le Sous-Comite ne devrait pas entrer' en fonctions au cas ou le representant de la Grece ferait sa declaration id; en effet, cela signifierait que la discussion du rapport de la Commission continue au sein du Conseil de securite. proposal. I cannot agree that we should go on discussing the Greek communication in the Security Council and refer all other proposals to the Sub-Committee. There can be no justification for such dualism.

I consider that our agenda contains the Greek Ouestion, and the Greek Ouestion is sub-divided ';;to two items. It is tru; that we have referred the matter of formulating a draft resolution to a sub-committee, but that does not mean that general discussion or views concerning the item on the agenda cannot be heard in the Security Council until the Sub-Committee presents its report. I do not agree with the idea which was presented by the representative of the USSR, and unless this ruling is successfully challenged, I consider my ruling to be correct. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated fram Russian): I consider the President's ruling to be wrong and mistaken. I maintain my position on this question. If the Greek representative is to speak, then other representatives present at this table have the same right to do so, but for this purpose, instead of holding a meeting of the Suu-Committee, let us fix a meeting of the Security Council for tomorrow, since we have no right to stop after the Greek representative's statement. I f the Council decides to continue the general debate on the Greek Question, let us continue.

From what the representative of the USSR said, I did not understand, whether he challenges my ruling and wishes to put his challenge to a vote. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated fr01/'l Russia.n): I am not asking for a vote. I said that I maintain my position and consider that the President's ruling is wrong, mistaken and disorganizes our work. I regret to have to say so, but I consider there can be no question about it.

I am also sorry to hear it. I now give the floor to the representative of Greece, after that to the representative or Yugoslavia, and after that to the representative of Bulgaria. Mr. DBNDRAMIS (Greece) (translated from French): I thank the President, for giving me the opportunity to speak. The proposals so far submitted have been discussed in plenary Council Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'anglais) : La question grecque figure a notre ordre du jour et cette question se divise en deux points. Il est exact que nous avons charge un sous-comite de rediger un projet de resolution, mais it ne faut pas entendre par la que la discussion generale et l'echange de vues sur la question a l'ordre du jour ne peuvent se poursuivre au sein du Conseil tant que le Sous- Comite n'aura pas presente son rapport. Je n'accepte pas l'avis exprime par le representant de l'URSS et, a moins qu'on n'invoque des arguments valables contre ma decision, je la considere comme appropriee. M. GROMYKO (Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques) (tmd Hit du ntsse): .le considere la decision du President comme irreguliere et erronee. Je maintiens ma position sur cette ,=" question. Si le representant de la Grece prend la parole, les autres representants ici presents peuvent le faire egalement, mais alors, au lieu d'tlne seance du Sous-Comite, fixons pour demain une seance du. Conseil de secur.jte. Nous n'avons pas le droit d'interrompre les debats apres avoir entendu le representant de la Grece. Si le Conseil decide de continuer la discussion generale sur la question grecque, alors continuonsla. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'art/glais) : La declaration du representant de l'URSS ne m'indique pas s'il conteste ma decision et s'il desire que sa proposition wit mise <li,lX voix. M. GROMYKO (Union c1~s Republiques socialistes sovietiques) (traduit du, ntsse): Je I~e demande pas la mise aux voix. J'ai dit que Je l11aintiens l11a position et que je considere que la cIecision du President est irreguliere et erronee. et qu'elle jette la confusion dans nos travaux. Je regTette de devoir le dire. mais j'estime que ("est - lit un fait inc1iscutable. Le PRI;;SIDENT (traduit de l'atlglais) : .le regrette egalcment c1'entendrc de ielles paroles. .le donne l11aintenant la parole all representat;t de la Grece; nous entendrons ensuite les representants de la Yougoslavie et de la Bulgarie. M. DENDRAMIS (Grece): .le remercie le President de m'avoir donne la parole. Les propositions soumises jusqu'ici ont ete discutees par le Conseil siegeant en seance pleniere, et non pas "The Commission has made certain recommendations. In the light of the circumstances existing when they were made and so far as they go, they are good. Greece favours their adoption by the Security Council and gives her pledge to carry out her part in them in good faith. But even though the recommendations are carried out in like good faith on the part of Yugoslavia, Albania and Bulgaria, it must be recognized that the chain of events which these countries have already set in motion constitutes a continuing breach of the peace which must be dealt with. It is imFrative, in the opinion of Greece, that the Council, while adopting the recommendations of the Commission, prepare the way for decisive action in case these recommendations by themselves prove to be inadequate." My statement concluded as foI1vws: "The state of affairs described by Greece in her original complaint as one 'likely to endanger the peace', under the circumstances now prevailing is a definite and existing threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression. If it becomes the view of the Council that to make the necessary detennination there has to be a charge by one of the countries concerned that such a threat, breach of the peace or act of aggression exists, it is requested that this statement be accepted as such a charge." When the Council started to discuss the report of its Commission of Investigation, the representative of the United States proposed a draft resolution. Its effect was to adopt the Commission's recommendations, and it was animated by the conc!liatory spirit of Chapter VI. After long discus- SIon, this resolution which embodied the Committee's recommendations, was finaUy drafted and then put to the vote at the hundred and seventieth meeting. Why does the Unio!! ....{ Soviet Socialist Republics object to the Council's ~<>ing reliably informed by its own subsidiary organ \..' what is going on and what will go on in the futLlre between Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia on the one han1, and Greece on the other? Why do the USSR ".ad Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia object to the Cou'ncil's knowing the truth about what is being set afoot in these three last-mentioned countries? How is it that these countries support pious recommendations but object to the means suggested for ens!1ring that they are respected? Every member of the Council knows the answer and this answer does not augur well for peace. The aim of the three northern neighbours of Greece, aided by the USSR and followed by Poland, is to continue violating the principles of the Charter whilst seeking to avoid being embarrassed by the existence of an impartial commission which would submit reports confirming the Greek complaints. For it would unquestionably be embarrassing-the USSR member of the Subsidiary Group at present in Greece was unable to dissemble the fact-to have to deny, in the face of tanks, half-burned-out guns and actual traces of battle on the roads leading to Albanian territory, that there has been an invasion from Albania. On th~t occasion, the USSR representative followed the instructions he had received and persisted in declaring that there had been no fighting. It was, nevertheless, a thankless task. The aim of the three northern neighbours of Greece is'to achieve the semblance of a solution and lull the world into a false sense of security until it will be too late-until the Press announces that aU is over and that one more country has been reduced to vassalage. Comment se fait-il que ceux-ciappuientdepieuses recommandations, mais s'opposent aux moyens proposes pour en assurer le respect? Chacun des membres du Conseil connait la reponse, et cette reponse n'est pas de bon augure pour la paix. L'objectif des trois voisins septentrionaux de la Grece, secondes par I'URSS et suivis par la Pologne est de continuer a violer les principes de la Charte, mais de chercher a eviter I'embarras ou les placerait l'existence d'une commissi?n ob~ jective, qui soumettrait des rapports conf!rrnant 1es denonciations grecques. Car on ne peut mer que ce soit embarrassant-1e representant de l'URSS au Groupe subsidiaire actueUement en Grece ne parvint pas a le cacher-d'avoir a nier qu'i1 y ait eu une invasion du cote de l'Albanie alors qu'on se trouve en presence de chars, de canons amoitie carbonises, et des tra,ces memes de la bataille sur les routes menant en territoroire a1banais. A cette occasion, le representant de l'URSS se conform~ aux instructions re<;ues et persista a declarer qu'II n'y avait pas eu de 1utte: ce fut quand meme la une tache ingrate. L'objectif des trois voisins septentrionaux de la Grece est d'arriver a l'apparence d'une solution et de bercer le monde dans un semb1ant de securite jusqu'au moment ou il sera trop tard-jusqu'au moment ou la presse aura annonce que tout est fini et qu'un pays de plus a ete reduit a I'etat de vassal. et de paralyser. la defense de la paix. Their aim is to take advantage of the good faith Leur objectif est de tirer avantage de la bonne of the majority of the Members of the United foi de la majorite des Membres de 1'0rganisation Nations and to create the impression that the efdes Nations Unies et de faire croire que l·~S efforts forts of these nations to maintain the integrity of de ces derniers en vue de maintenir l'integrite des the States Members and of the United Nations Etats Membres et de l'Organisation des Nations are really evidence of imperialistic aggression Unies constituent, en fait, des preuves d'une directed against the peace-loving beneficiaries of agression imperialiste dirigee contre les benefitrue democracy as represented by a majority ciaires pacifiques de la veritable democratie instidictatorship. . tuee par la dictature de la minorite. An now, what is the aim of Greece? Briefly, Et maintenant, quel est l'objectif de la Grece? Greece wants the Council to have uninterrupted En un mot, la Grece desire que le Conseil ait acces, and unhindered access to the truth. Greece wants de maniere ininterrompue et sans entraves, a la the Council to realize before it is too late which verite; la Grece desire que le Conseil se rende side sincerely desires to re-establish good-neighcompte, avant qu'il ne soit trop tard, de quel cote bourly and normal diplomatic relations. Greece existe le desir sincere de retablir des relations de wants to.see the continual attacks of armed bands bon voisinage et des relations diplomatiques from over the frontier stopped so that destruction normales; la Grece desire qu'il soit mis fin aux may give way to reconstruction. Finally, Greece attaques continuelles de 'bandes armees franchissant wants the Council to prepare the way for decisive ses frontieres, afin que la reconstruction sucd:de action in case these attacks should not cease. a la destruction; la Grece desire enfin que le Conseil prepare la voie a une action decisive au cas ou ces attaques ne viendraient pas a cesser. La question suivantepourrait etre posee: pour- ,quoi la Grece espere-t-elle qu'une action soit possible aux termes du Chapitre VII, devant la menace du veto de l'URSS et le de£i jete par les satellites de l'URSS aux efforts de conciliation entrepris dans le cadre du Chapitre VI? La reponse est facile. On a voulu justifier ce veto et ce de£i par l'allegation que la constitution d'une commission d'enquete n'etait pas autorisee par le Chapitre VI. Le fait qa'il s'agit cl'un argument fallacieux n'en a pas empeche l'emploi. Or, il a ete admis qu'on devrait avail' recours au Chapitre VII si les mesures envisage.es clans le cadre du Chapitre VI s'averaient insuffisantes pour faire face a une menace contre la paix, et il a ete demontre par ceux-la memes qui sont en faveur du Chapitre VI que les dispositions de ce Chapitre n'etaient pas suffisantes pour permettre d'aboutir a une solution. De plus, il a ete admis que le pouvoir d'etablir une,commission s'inscrit clans le cadre du Chapitre VII de la Charte. Aussi n'y a-t-il pas d'excuse pour opposer un veto ou pour empecher la constitution d'une commission instituee aux termes du Chapitre VII. L'Etat injustement attaque a le droit de requerir l'adoption des mesures prevues par la Charte contre les Etats agresseurs et d'en demander la mise en application. Les debats du Conseil de securite n'auront pas ete entierement vains puisqu'ils auront servi a demontrer, sans contestation possibl~, quels sont les faits et qui sont les agresseurs. La verite ne peut etre etouffee par un veto. i Et la verite est que des actes d'agression ont ete commis par les trois satellites de l'URSS; la verite est qu'il existe plus qu'une menace contre la paix ,dans les Balkans; la verite est qu'il s'y est produit une rupture de la paix comportant une menace pour la paix en general. The following question might be put: Why, in face of the threat of the USSR veto and the defiance hurled by the USSR satellites against the efforts of conciliation undertaken within the framework of Chapter VI, does Greece hope that action under Chapter VII may be possible? The answer is easy. This veto and this defiance have been defended by the allegation that the establishment of .a Commission of Investigation was not authorized by Chapter VI. Fallacious though it is, this argument has, nevertheless, been used. Now it has been agreed that recourse should be had to Chapter VII if the measures provided for under Chapter VI proved insufficient to deal with a threat to the peace, and it has been demonstrated even by thosewho are in favour of Chapter VI that the provisions of this Chapter were not sufficient to provide a solution. It has also been agreed that power to set up a commission is provided under Chapter VII of the Charter. There is, therefore, no excuse fbr exercising the veto or for preventing the establishment of a commission set up according to the terms of Chapter VII. . , A State which has been unjustly attacked has the right to apply for the adoption of the measures provided for in the Charter and to ask for these measures to be applied to aggressors. The debates in the Security Council will not have been altogether in vain, since they will have served to demonstrate, beyond all dispute, what are the facts and who are the aggressors. The truth cannot be suppressed by a veto. And the truth is that acts of aggression have been committed by the three satellites of the USSR; the truth is that there exists more than one tnreat to the peace in the Balkans; the truth is that there has been a breach of the peace tilere which threatens the peace of the world. It cannot be denied that peace in the south-east of Europe has not only been threatened but has already been broken. This was true on 26 June 1947 when my Government brought before the Council a charge to this effect. It was true on Il est impossible de nier le fait que la paix dans le sud-est de l'Europe n'est pas seulement menacee, mais qu'il y a deja !l"Upture de la paix. Ceci etait vrai de 26 juin 1947, quand mon Gouvernement porta devant le COllsei!. une accusation dans ce Since the Commission adopted its report, Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, by :l:-efusing to permit the Subsidiary Group to make an investigation on their territories, have continually violated the undertaking they solemnly gave to respect the authority of the Council. Since the Commission adopted its report, one permanent member of the Council, by vetoing the mild and conciliatory resolution which was designed to give effect to the Commission's recommendations, has not hesitated to give the cover of his authority to these threats to the peace and these violations of the obligations assumed under the Charter. Six months of work, six months of hard and absolutely impartial efforts by a Commission of the Council, have been nullified by a simple gesture of the hand. As the Greek Minister for Foreign Affairs said' in his communication to the Council of 31 July 1947: "The fact that the mild and conciliatory measures which the Council sought first to apply were defeated by a vote of two members against the nine that voted in their favour, cannot fail to encourage the bellicose elements in south-eastern Europe to intensify their campaign of destruction. To stop the intensification and spread of this undeclared war the members of the Security Counil will appreciate the necessity of demonstrating promptly and energetically the determination of th.e overwh~lming majority of the Members of the United Nations to uphold the principles of the Charter." It is unfortunately more than evident that there exists at this moment in the south-east of Europe a threat to the peace, a breach of. the peace, of' an act of aggression-however you like to describe this state of affairs. Nine members of the Council have already by their votes signified their recognition of the fact that the sending of armed bands across the frontier constitutes a threat to the peace in the sense of Article 39 of the Charter. As long ago as at the fifty-ninth meeting of the Council,l another member, not included in the majority above-mentioned, maintained that ... "This situation is fraught with serious consequences and constitutes a manifest threat to the maintenance of peace in the Balkans". It is, unfortunately, a fact too evident to require discussion that the situation has not become less grave since the representative of the USSR made his statements. It matters little if, in the opinion of the USSR and its satellites. the responsihility for this threat to the peace should rest, as they say, with Greece on the grounds that it prefers to follow a different way of life from the pattern of democracy which they claim to enjoy. The fact remains that, whatever the reason, they have ad- :\s soon as the fact is established, Greece will ask the Council to study the measures which it ought to adopt to comply with the paramount aim of the United Nations. According to Article 1, paragraph 1 of the Charter this aim is the following: "To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace...." If the Council as I am sure it does, realizes how seriously the destiny of the United Nations will be affected by the decision which it is called upon to take in the face of this serious threat to the peace, it is bound to take as quickly as possible practical and effective action against the Balkan aggressors in order that such action may serve as an example. If it does not, the whole United Nations edifice, sapped in its very foundations, will collapse; it will lose all its prestige before that world conscience which the Organization represents, and on which it relies for the maintenance of peace and the protection of small defenceless countries which are the victims of aggression. 1\1y country has done a great deal for the defence of freedom. No one can expect Greece to play ·the part of a giant after all the blood that has been shed and all the destruction which has been suffered. The interests at stake are not specifically Greek; they are the interests of the world at large. If the present t'"end of events continues, if for some time to come foreign armed bands continue without hindrance being directed, reinforced and protected by Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, the moment will come when there will no longer be any frontier between Greece and her northern. neighbours. ... fiquement grecs; ce sont de,S inten~ts universels. Si les choses continuent du train dont elles vont, si les bandes etrangeres armees continuent, pendant quelque temps encore, et sans qu'il y soit fait obstacle, a et'e dirigees, renforcees et protegees par l'Albanie, la Bulgarie et la Yougoslavie, le moment viendra, Oll il n'y aura plus de frontiere entre la Grece et ses voisins septentrionaux. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'angla.is) : Je r,egrette que le representant de la Grece ait employ:' des termes qui ne sont pas de mise au Conseil de securite. Il a parle de "satellites"; j'estime que toutc nation independante jouissant de l'egalite sottveraine n'est satellite d'aucune autre nation. J'espere donc que le 'representant de la Grece acceptera que cette expression ne figure pas au compte rendu.

I am sorry that the representative of Greece has used some words which he should not have used in the Security Council. He llsed the word "satellites." I do not consider that any nation which is independent and has sovereign equality would be a satellite of any other nation. Therefore I hope that the Greek representative will agree to this expression's being struck from the record. Further, I should explain that the Security Council has not yet decided to deal with this matter under Chapter VII. We are dealing with it under Chapter VI. I consider the statement made in this connexion by the Greek representative as simply a request from the Greek delegation for this matter to he dealt with under Chapt0r VII of the Charter. However, as the Security Council has Je voudrais ajouter egalement que le Conseil de securite n'a pas encore decide d'examiner cette question au titre du Chapitre VII. Nous appliquons en ce moment les dispositions du Chapitre VI. Je considere la declaration du representant de la Grece comme une simple demande, de la part de la delegation de la Grece, pour que le Conseil de securite examine cette affaire d'apres les dispo- The PREStDENT: I cannot allow the r~presenta­ tive of Yugoslavia to discuss the draft resolutions presented by the Australian and Colombian representatives, since I have already ruled that they are not to be discussed here. Mr. VILFAN (Yugoslavia) (translated from French): I shall abide by the wishes of the President. I only wanted to explain in advance that I cannot consider my remarks as definrrive. Now that I have heard the representative of Greece, I think my reply will have to be much longer than I had anticipated. In these circumstances I shall confine myself this evening to a single question: Is the Greek proposa:l that a change be made in the definition of the Balkan situation justified or not? I think that in analyzing the Greek proposal one ought above all to remember that only a few days ago tht Security Council unanimously agreed that the dispute which we are discussing was only a dispute which, if continued, was likely to endanger international peace and security. In other words, only a few days ago the whole Security Council envisaged the Balkan situation in terms of Chapter VI. Actually on ,29 JUlyl a majority of the Councii voted in favour of the amended United States resolution, which in its preamble contained the following passage: ((The Security Council . .. finds that a dispute exists, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security." A fortiori) the minority did not go beyond the definition given by the majority. That means that on 29 July not a single member of the Security Council was of opinion that we were then faced by a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace or an act of aggression. Today the representative of Greece affirms the existence of a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace, an act of aggression. . After what I have just said it is clear that, if he wishes to uphold his thesis, the representative of Greece must prove that the situation has completely changed since the time when the United States resolution was put to the vote. Otherwise, how can he hope to change the opinion of the members of the Security Council, so clearly indicated on 29 July? I am convinced that it is absolutely impossible to prove that such a change has taken place in the Balkan situation because of the following facts: 1. Since 29 July not a single incident has taken place. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de ranglais) : Je ne puis permettre au representant de la Yougoslavie de commenter le projet de resolution soumis par les representants de l'Australie et de la Colombie, puisque j'ai deja. decide qu'ils ne pouvaient faire l'objet d'une discussion au Conseil. M. VILIFAN (Yougoslavie) : Je me conformerai' au desir du President. Je voulais seulement expliquer d'avance que je ne pourrais pas considerer mes remarques comme de£initives. Apres avoir eu 1'0ccasion d'entendre le ,representant de la Grece, je crois que ma reponse devra etre beaucoup plus longue que je ne l'avais, prevu. Dans ces conditions, je me limiterai,pour ce soil', a. une seule question: la proposition de la Grece tendant a. ce que soit modifiee la definition de la situation balkanique est-elle fondee ou non? Je crois que, en analysant la proposition de la Grece, on doit surtout tenir compte du fait que, il y a quelques jours seulement, le Conseil de securite etait unanimement d'avis que le differend qui fait l'objet de notre discussion n'etait qu'un differend dont la prolot:lgation etait susceptible de menacer la paix et la securite internationales. En d'autres termes: il y a quelques jours seulement, le Conseil de securite tout entier envisageait la situation dans les Balkans aux termes du Chapitre VI. . En effet, le 29 juilletl, la majorite du Conseil s'est pronocee en faveur de la resolution amendee des Etats-Unis; or, dans son preambule, c~lle-ci contenait le passage suivant: "Le Conseil de securite . . . constate qu'il se trouve en presence d'un differend dont la prolongation est susceptible de menacer le maintien de la paix et de la securite internationales". La minorite, a fortiori, n'allait pas au dela. de la definition donnee par la majorite. Cela veut dire que, le 29 juillet, pas un seul des membres du Conseil de securite n'etait d'avis que nous fussions en presence d'une menace contre la paix, ou d'une rupture de la paix, ou d'un acte d'ag-ression. Aujourdhui, le representant de la Grece affirme qu'il existe 'une menace contre la paix, une rupture de la paix, un acte d'agression. Apres ce que je viens d edire, il est clair que, s'il veut fonder sa these, le representant de la Grece doit prouver que la situation a completement change deI'uis le jour ou la resolution des Etats-Unis fut mis aux voix. Sinon, comment pourrait-il esperer modifier l'opinion des membres du Conseil de securite, si clairement manifestee le 29 juillet? Nous sommes convaincus qu'il est, absolument impossible de demontrer qu'un tel changement s'est produit clans la situation balkanique. En effet: 1. Depuis le 29 juillet, pas un seul incident ne s'est produit. 3. The exercise of a right envisaged by the Charter cannot be considered as modifying the Ba:lkan situation, . • For all these reasons I think that the Greek thesis, according to which a change has taken place in the situation, is unfounded; and if anyone still doubted that the; definition of the situation, as given by the majority, fell perhaps a little short of the facts, that doubt must certainly have vanished after the discussion of the Indonesian Question. There is a difference, I think, between the situation in the Balkans and the situation in Indonesia. - In the former area there are phantom brigades. In the latter, on both sides, there are armies. In the Balkarts there have been, so far as the neighbouring countries are concerned, incidents, real or fictitious. In Indonesia there has been largescale military activity. There can be no question that the Indonesian situation differs entirely from the Balkan situation. In any case, the members of the Council certainly . remember very well that some of them wanted to describe the Indonesian situation in a way which would bring it under Chapter VI, although everyone agreed that what was going on there was a war. And it will cerf:;,l.inIy be remembered that eventually, in spite of the efforts of the USSR delegation, great care was taken to avoid attaching any definition to the Indonesian situation. tendus. La, il y a eu des operations militaires de grand style. II est incontestable que la situation en Indonesie est de toute autre nature que la situation dans les Balkans. Quoi qu'il en soit, les membres duo Cot"l!Seil se <souvieunent certainement fort bien que certains d'entre eux voulaient donner a la situation en Indonesie une definition s'inscrivant dans !e cadre du Chapitre VI, bien que tout le monde fut d'accord qu'it s'agissait la d'une guerre. Et on se rappellera certainement que, en fin de compte, malgre les efforts de la delegation de l'URSS, on a evite avec soin de qualifier d'une maniere quelconque la situation en Indonesie. La question suivante se pose donc: pourquoi cette hate, maintenant, de modifier la definition The following question therefore arises: Why this haste, now,' to modify the juridical definition of the situation in the Balkans? What are the mo- !fves behind the Greek proposal? We see in the Greek Government's move a desire to confuse the discussion, to embitter the relations among the Balkan countries, to create a war psychosis which makes all compromise impossible, to enforce the setting up of a semi-permanent commission. In current language such a move is called an act of provocation. It is a new step by the Greek Government in a familiar 'direction, a new attempt to disguise its own responsibility for the present situation in Greece and to juscify before world opinion the oppressive measures which it has applied to the Greek people. And the fact that the Greek move has not remained an isolated gesture makes me think that the responsibility rests not only with the Greek Government but also with other Governments, and that it is not the Greek people alone who are involved. juridique de la situation dans les Balkans? Quels sont les motifs de la proposition de la Grece? Nous voyons, dans l'initiative du Gouvernement grec, un desir de troubler la discussion, d'exacerber les relations entre les pays balkaniques, de creer une psychose de guerre qui rende impossible tout compromis, de forcer la creation cl'une commission semi-permanente. Dans le langage courant, une telle initiative s'appelle une provocation. C'est un nouveau pas du Gouvernement grec dans la direction bien connue, une nouvelle tentative en vue de masquer sa propre responsabilite a l'egard de la situation actuelle en Grece et de justifier devant l'opinion publique mondiale les mesures d'oppression appliquees par lui au peuple grec. Et le fait que l'initiative de la Grece n'est pas restee isolee nous suggere la pensee qu'il ne s'agit pas seulement de la :responsabilite du Gouvernement grec, mais aussi de la responsabilite d'autres Gouvernements, et qu'il ne <s'agit pas uniquement du peuple grec. It appears that this threat is now in process of being realized. This procedure reflects a strange conception of the Charter and the whole United Nations Organization. It would be natural, I think, to ask oneself: "What provision is there in the Charter for this particular situation?" Instead of that we see that the opposite procedure is being adopted and that the question which is .being asked is: "\Vhere can we find in the Charter a suitable Article to justify our policy?"---i.e. the policy of the countries interested in the Balkan situation. It is clear that such a procedure reduces the United Nations to the level of an organ of policy for certain States or groups of States. We maintain our conception of the United Nations as an organization responsible for ensuring collaboration between the Member States. That is why I believe that the Greek proposal should be rejected. Mr. PARODI (France) (translated from French): We have worked to a rather late hour. I think that the speakers still on the list would have no objection to postponing their statements until tomorrow afternoon's session. There is a meeting of the Sub-Committee fixed for tomorrow morning, but there will be a Council meeting tomorrow afternoon. I think that if the speakers still on the list would agree to postpone making their speeches until tomorrow, they would have the advantage of a larger audience and better attention from us. I therefore propose that the meeting be adjourned until tomorrow.

The agenda for our meeting tomorrow afternoon will consist of the Indonesian Ouestion and a continuation of the discussion on the Greek Question. Those speakers on the Greek Question who have not as yet been heard, will I have an opportunity to speak tomorrow. M. PARODI (France):' Nous avons pour,suivi nos travaux jusqu'a une heure assez avancee ce qui est tout anotre honneur. Je pense que les orateurs quirestent inscrits ne verraient pas d'inconvenients a ce que les declarations qu'ils ont cl. fail::e soient reportees a la seance de demain apres-midi. Nous avons prevu une reunion du Sous-Comite demain matin, mais nous avons une seance demain apres-midi. Je pense que, si les orateurs qui restent inscrits acceptaient que leur audition £ut repartee a demain, ils auraient le benefice d'un public plus; nombreux et cl'une attention plus .fraiche de natre ' part.' J~ propose clonc que la sean..:e soitajournee a demain. Le PRESIDENT (traduit de l'ang1ais): Deux questions sont inscrites a l'ordre clu jour de la reunion de demain apres-lTIidi: la question indonesienne, et la suite de la discussion sur la question' grecque. Les cleux orateurs qui ont clemande la' parole sur la question grecque et que nous n'avons pu entendre ce soiT prendTont la parole demain. Le Sous-Comite se reunira demain matin a 10 h. 30 dans la salle de conference NoS. Le Conseil de securite se reunira demain a 15 heures.· La seance est levee a19 h. 15. 1 Voir les Praces-verbau:J: officiels dlt Coltseil de sewrite, Deuxieme Annee, No 59, 15geme seance. FRANCE Editions A. Pedone 13, rue SoufHot PARIS, Ve GREECE-GRECE "Eleftheroudakis" Librairie internationale Place de la Constitution ATHENES GUATEMALA Jose Goubaud Goubaud & Cia. Ltda, Sucesor Sa Av. Sur No. 6 y 9a C. P. GUATEMALA HAI.I Max Bouchereau Lihrairie "A la Caravelle" Boite postale 1l1·B PORT·AU·PRINCE ICELAND-ISLANDE Bokaverzlun Sigfusar Eymundsonnar Austurstreti 18 REYKJAVIK INDIA-INDE Oxford Book & Stationery Company Scindia House NEW DELHI Libreria Latina Ltda. Apartado Aereo 4011 BOGOTA COSTA RICA-COSTA·RICA Trejos Hermanos Apartado 1313 SAN JOSE CUBA La Casa Belga Rene de Smedt O'Reilly 455 LA HABANA CZECHOSLOVAKIA- TCHECOSLOVAQUIE F. Topic Narodni Trida 9 PRAHA 1 IRAN Bongahe Piaderow 731 Shah Avenue TEHERAN IRAQ-IRAK Mackenzie &~acken~e The Bookshop BAGHDAD LEBANON-L1BAN Lihrairie universelle BEYROUTH LUXEMBOURG Lihrairie J. Schummer Place Guillaume LUXEMBOURG DENMARK~DANEMARI< Einar MUIiksgaard NETHERLANDS-PAYS·BAS N. V. Martinus Nijhoff Lange Voorhout 9 'S·GRAVENHAGE N~rregade6 K~BENHAVN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC- REPUBLlQUE DOMINICAINE NEW ZEALAND- NOUVELL,c-ZELANDE Libreria Dominicana Calle Mercedes No. 49 Apartado 656 CWDAD TRUJILLO ECUADOR-EQUATEUR Gordon & Gotch, Ltd. Waring T,,"lor Street WrLLINGTO., United Nations Association of New Zealand P. O. 1011, G.P.O. WELLINGTON Muiioz Hermanos y Cia. Nueve de Octubre 703 Casilla 10·24 GUAYAQUIL EGYPT-EGYPTE Librairie "La Renaissance d'Egypte" 9 Sh. Adly Paaha CAIRO ETHIOPIA-ETHIOPIE Agence ethiopienne de puhlicite P. O. Box 8 ADDIS•."REBA NICARAGUA Ramiro Ramirez V. Agencia de Publicaciones MANAGUA, D. N. NORWAY-NORVEGE Johan Grundt Tanum Forlag Kr. Augustgt. 7A OSLO PHILIPPINES D. P. Perez Co. 132 Riverside SAN JUAN, RIZAL POLAND-POLOGNE Spotdzielna Wydr.wnicza "Czytelnik" 38 Poznanska WARSZAWA SWEDEN-SUEDE A.·B. C. E. Fritzes Kungl. Hofbokhandel Fredsgatan 2 STOCKHOLM SWITZERLAND-SUISSE Librairie Payot S. A. LAUSANNE, GENEVE, VEVEY, MONTREUX, NEUCHATEL, BERNE, BASEL Hans Raunhardt Kirchgasse 17 ZURICH I SYRIA-SYRIE Librairie ~niver8elle DAM.AS TURKEY-TURQUIE Librairie Hachette 469 Istiklal Caddesi BEYOGLU·lsTANBUL UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA- UNION SUD·AFRICAINE Central News Agency Commissioner & Rissik Sts, JOHANNESBURG and at CAPE'l:!.lWN and DURBAN UNITED KINGDOM- ROYAUME·UNI H. M. Stationery Office P. O. Box 569 LONDON, S.E. 1 and at H.M.S.O. Shops in LONDON, EDINBURGH, MANCHESTE CARDIFF, BELFAST, BmMINGHA?rl and BRISTOL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA- ETATS·UNIS D'AMERIQUE International Documents Service Columbia University Press 2960 Broadway NEW YORK 27, N. Y. URUGUAY Oficina de Representacion de Editoriales Av. 18 de Julio 1333 Esc. 1 MONTEVIDEO VENEZUELA Escritoria Perez Machado Conde a Pinango 11 CARACAS YUGOSLAVIA-YOUGOSLAVIE Drzavno Preduzece Jugoslovenska Knjiga MoskC'vska Ul. 36 BEOGRAD