S/PV.2696 Security Council

In accordance with the deeiaions taken by the Council at previous meetings on this item I invite the repreeentativc of Nicaragua to take a place at the Council table; I invite the representatives of Afghanietan, DelwcratiC Yemen, the German Democratic Republic, India, the Lao P-lets Democratic Republic, Spain, the Syrian Arab Repub1ic and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam to take the places reserved for them at the side of the Council Chamber. At the invitation of the President, Mrs. Astorga Cadea (Nicaragua) took a place at the Council table; Mr. Zarif (Afghanistan), Mr. Al-Alfi (DeWXratiC Yesen), Mr. Ott (Geraren Democratic Republic), UP. VongsaY (Lao Peop1e’e Demxatic Republic), Hr. Verma (India), Et. Uoran (Spain), Hr. Al-Ataaei (Syrian Arab Republic) and Mr. Bui Xuan Nhat (Viet Nam) took the places reserved for theru at the side of the Council Chamber. The PRESIDBNT: I should like to inform members of the Council that I have received letters from the representatives of Angoln, Cuba, Czechosvloakiar El Salvadorr Kongolia and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in which they regueat to be invited to participate in the discussion of the item on the Council’s agenda. In accordame with the usual practice, I propose, with the consent of the Council, to invite those representatives to participate in the discussion without the right to vote, in conformity with the reievant provisions aF the Charter ard rule 37 of the Council’s provioicnal rules of prxadure. At the invitation of the President, Mr. De Fiqueiredo (Angola), Mr. Velazco San Josi (Cuba) r Mr. Kulawiec (Czechoslovakia), Mr. Meza (El Salvador), 14r. Doljintseren (kfonqolia) and Mr. Oudovenko (Ukrainian Soviet Sccialist Republic) took the places reserved for them at the side of the Council Chamber. The PIUZsIDEwE: The Council will now reaume its consideration of the item on it8 agenda. Hr. W3OICOTT (Australia) t It is a special pleasure for the Australian delegation to see you, Sir, in the position of President of the Security Council this mcnth. Thin pleasure is both personal, springing as it does from our shared regional fnterestm, and professional, knowing as we do the wisdom, skill and dignity with which you have managed the Council*13 affairs in the paat. It is also a pleasure to recall the exemplary presidency of your predecessor, klbsssado~ Rlaise Rabatafika of Uadagmcar , and the lranner in which he discharged his duties with such ispartiality and effectiveness. I might also observe at the outset of my remarks that the major Powers, in particular the perxament members of this body, have a special responsibility to set an exaxple to the international cosmunity in the conduct of international relation8. At the same time, we have in your presidency an illustration of the role other countries non-perruuuent members can and sfmdd play in creating an . international environment conducive to advancing the cau8e of peace. The Security Council is once again called upon to discuss the difficult situation in Central Mesica. The problems of that region are serious, and the international community has an obligation to play a constructive role in effor?s to find pc?aceful solutions to them. The Australian delegation has listened attentively to the wideiy d!,vergent statements of the Foreign Minister of Nicaragua and the Permanent Representative of the United States, a8 well as to other (Hr. Woolcott, Australia) 3ne thing is clear, and that is that, despite efforts by the Contadora Group, the Support Group and the Central American parties, peace in Central America has remained elusive. While there has been scme progress towards the goal of peace? the political will required to finalize an agreement haa, regrettably, been lacking. Recent developments have only served to complicate the situation further. AS the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs said in a statement today, they leave few grounds for optimism that any real improvement in the situation if3 in prospect. This is a cause of concern to Australia, whose view8 on Central America have been clearly expressed in the Council and elsewhere in recent years. We have drawn attention to the serious economic and social problems , stemming from centuries of exploitation and injustice which underlie Central ARRrica*s political tensions. We have also urged that the East-West conflict be kept out of Central America. We have called upon all counttie? to support the process of negotiation promoted by the Contsdora countries, and we have urged all States to fulfil their cbl{gatfone under the United Nations Charter, including the obligation to settle international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international .cace and security are not jeopardized. (Mr. Wcolcott, Auetralia) It ir clear that in the Central American region there has been a cycle of violance which must be 8topped. All States in the region have tha right - and should be abla - to live in peace and security and to choose their form8 of government free fraa outeide interference. All countries are undwatandably concerned about what is happening in their neighbourhood. In the volatile Central American region thl8 concern rhculd, we believe, be channelled into support for nagotiation and conciliation, the most prominent exaqle of which 60 far is the Contadora process. Tho Council ha8 already endoraed the need for dialogue. One year ago we unanirww8ly adwted Security Council resolution 562 (1985), which contained a call cn the united State* and Nicaragua to resume their dialogue, We regret that this has not occurred. We call on all sides new to avoid actions which right complicate the aeatch for peace. Nany Statea have expressed serious misgivings in somewhat eimilar terms about the rituation in Central America and, more particularly, abut the trend of event5 over the part three years. Ye?. we have been left with disappointment, cawed by a aarier of event6 which chow that a@ yet there is no real meeting oi minds on the problem6 of the region, let alone their solution. The vote by the UnLttd States House of Representatives to approve $100 million in military aid to the Nicaraguan contras will, in the opinion of the Australian delegation, do nothing to prcmctc a peaceful settlement of Central America*s PKQk lems l Kor is it likely to encourage the Government of Nicaragua to imprcve poiiticai trte*ma or ta ncgotiatt with the Contras. _ _. Rather, tt fsttms MJre IlKeiy -- to contribute to the escalating tension6 in the reqion, Tbiv t:rend of event5 ia dLM.orhfnJ i3nLI ;.u not: i.30latsd 0~ re.qt:rictcyfj to one country nr qrotrp: the dwi.nltin TV prov!.de aid 1-o th,, ccjntrso and the r;tlhsequent- -.-~_ (Hr. Ucolcott, Australia) Nicaraguan decision to close down La Ptenaa ate each to be regretted. As I have said, such develupments leave little ground for optimism about the future. Yet it is the function of the system of international relations as we know it to make every effort to promote peaceful solutions to problems between States. In commenting on the most recent developments in the region, we note that the United States and Nicaragua do maintain diplomatic relations; they both have elected governments which enjoy popular supmtt; tney both proclaim a concern for the regfon and its people. These factors could, we hope, form the basis for a new era of relations between them. However, United states military assistance to the Contras, who lack widespread supptt, sits uneasily with the accepted notions of conduct between States which maintain diplomatic telatiom. Indeed, it raises serious questions of principle about rhe conduct of relations between sovereign States. The findings of the International Court of Justice, announced on 27 June, ate also relevant in this regard. The Court found that certain actions taken by the United States against Nicaragua had contravened international law. Australia remains committed to the observance of international law and to the role of the International Court Of Jumtice in nettling international disputes. In these sobering citcumetances , we fall back on our belief that the Contadota process still presents the most positive prospect for peace in Central America. Contadota is, as the permanent representative cf Venezuela reminded us yesterday, very much alive. The Contadota countries have shown great patience and flexibility in negotiation and in restarting tne terms ot an agreement. lt woui iie a very sasl day for the countries of Central America - and for other countrisa with a genuine cmcern for the welfare of that tegicin -a if this chance of a peeaceful. settlement openly arrFved at were to be Loat. (Mr. Woolcott, Australia) It ie, in our opinion, now up to the countries directly involved to make reciprocal concseeiono ad to mcercise tolerance in order to c8rry the peace process forward.

I thank the representative of Auetralia for his kind word8 addreesed to the presi8ency. The next speaker is the repreeentative of Spain. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to aake his ststeaent. Mr. mRAW (Spain) (interpretation frar Spanish) : I wish to take this opportunity, Sir, to cay haw pleased my delegation ie, and how pleased I am personally, to see you predding ove1 the work of the Council for the month of July. I am convinced that your personel and profersional qualifiaatione will help the Counail l mive 8t a rwcem@ful concludon to its delicate work. I 8100 want to espreer, tbrougb your Mr. President, sy delegation06 congratulationr to the Peraaneat Reprenentative Of mdagucrr, -amdog 81aiee Bebatafika, for his mgnifioent crock 80 Pcerident of the Counufl last month. BpAin’a position on the Central anerican conflict 18 well known and hae heen exprermd on a number of wxdor. ‘-cEore the Counoil itself. there has been rio cause to change thet -*ri?Aa-J kd rtill feel tha* there ic a need for 6 cospreheneiveu regim& Qmcrful and negotiated solution. This is why we continue to give mr mimplete sqp?:; to the work that hao been Bone for over three years now by c@=e Contadcxa Gmup. PoWwing the establishment of the Support GroupI Cuntadclrr ‘3~ re:lecr& the Ceelings of all dewcratfc Latin Anerius and ha; ~.> .sr-m L-_--- -_-w-L 1-d AL- I-&A-..ra..A--% -..-4... *,&.c;Lzsu UluaG r-%-r% CL&Em C.IP &“LO.a-s..b~.Y* -w..* c, # 4wb urelrmlnr P*nta ‘-h$ a.. pwa”---- SC ---- Pluro*an txmuai g ., The Contedora pr%eee and the Central Alllerican situation were described yesterday by Lho ~~~~c~tjsnerttt~e of Venezuela in a etatement inopired by principles ati an arialyeie that flemrve OIIP unreserved approval. (Mt. Moran, Spain) Th8 no8t reaent ewent8 and deaieiono amcorning Nicaragua, on 8aam of which the International Court of Ju8tice ha8 ju8t ruled, only make it more iq3erative th8t 8olution8 be #ought exclurively by peaceful meme. In thim context, the Governxer ,L! Spain believe8 that international law must k fully termted by all the mmb~~ of the international -unity, a8 it8 rule comtitute8 the role guaraecee that the principle8 of the Charter will be irplenented. Thi8 approach is all the more nece88ary and became truly significant when confliots likely to end8nger international pamce and 8ecurfty a?cur. Forkion in lin8 with international l8w and the mintenance of the principle8 of the Charter 8ra tb8 hart gurs8nt8e of jU8t ad 8t8ble 8OlUtfOn8. Spain, which 18 following with 8p8cial interert tb8 event8 in central America, apprrlr to all the partie concerned to contribute, on t& bad8 of reapeat for internation &w aml the principle6 of the Chatter to creating the condition8 mcerury for 8 8table l r: krting p8m• in Central Awriaa. The PRB8IDBlm I thank the repreuntative of Spain for hi8 kind word8 MdrO88Od to the pte8fdMOy. Mr. LX Luye (China) (interpretation from Chineee): Hr. President, first of all, please allow me to extend to you my sincere congratulations. China and Thailand enjoy good relations of friendly co-operation. It give0 me a particular teeling of warmth to see you in the Chair this month. I have the full conviction that with your wisdom and rich experience in diplomacy, you will surely guide this Council to a WfXes8fUl fulfilment of its taoke for July. Meanwhile, I wish also to take this opportunity to express our sinoere thanks to your predecessor, AabSSSa&t Rabtttafika, for his ertcellent gmrfornmnce and endeavours in diwharging his duties as President of the Council in June. Over the years, the Contadoia Group has made positive and unremitting effortc for the pronmtion of the peace process, in Central America and the relaxatim of tension in the region, thus winning the rupport of the Central Aiwricah countries and appreciation of the international oomunity. Thanks to the active effotto by the Contadora Group and the Lima Group, suse gratifying developments have t&ken plaae in the past months in the peme proaeee in Central Aaerica. Despite the fact that the Central &mrican Peace Act is yet to be signed to this day, people hope to see tawcess in the energetic efforts of the two Groups , so that peace and stability in the region may be ensured. It is regrettable that the United State8 House of Representatives recently passed a bill on providing $100 million for military and other aid to anti-government armed force8 in Nicaragua. This has caused serious concern in the international community. We hold that this action of the Rouse of Repreeentativee violates the eetabliehed noms governing international relation6 and placea new obetaclee to the restoration of peace and stability in Central America. It will have a serious impact on the development of the situation in Central America. The Chinese Goverment is opposed to such an actiorl of interference in the internal affairs of Nicaragua. (Mr. Li Luye, China) The Chinese delegation maintain8 that the fundamental way of eaeing the teneion in the Central American region ie to respect the State sovereignty, idependenCe and territorial integrity of Nicaragua and all the other COUntriM in the region and to Stop all outeide interference. Any form of interference in the Central Ametrican affairs will aggravate the tension in the region and will be detrimental to a peaceful settlement of the conflicte in Central America. We believe that the principle of non-interference should be fully reepected by all parties concerned and that the dieputes between the United Stetee and Wicaragua should be settled through peaceful negotiations on an equal basic in accordance with the principlee of the United Nations Charter, and not through the use or threat of force. China resolutely auppwts the Contadora Group and the Lima GtOUp in their endeavour8 to bring about relaxation of the situation in Central Amtwice and in search of a politiaal mttleaent of the aieputea. At the same time, we hope that all tbe countries concerned will reopeot the aepiratione of the peoplee of the Central American countries 6o that the efforts of the Contadora Group and the Lime Group fer the realisation of peace in the Central American region may yield positive results. The PRESIDEWft I thank the repreeentatiwe of China for hie kind word6 addreoaed to the presidency. The next epeaker ie the repreeentative of Democratic Yemen. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make hie statement. Hr. AL-A@‘? (Democratic Yemen) (interpretation from Atabic! t It ie our pleasure, Sir, to see you greetding over the Security Council for this month. We are confident that your well-known skill@ will contribute to the succe6B of the work of the Council. (Mr. Al-Alfi, bemocratic Yemen) I would be remiea if I did not put on record our appreciation to your predecessor, Ambassador Rabetafika of Madagascar, for hi8 wise guidance of the work of the Council during his presidency last month, which offers further testimony to his outstanding qualities. The Security Council has before it today a new complaint by the Government of Nicaragua stemming from a series of attacks and threats by the United States Administration. The United States acts of provocation and aqgr?ssion againet the Government and people of Nicaragua have taken different forms since 1979, starting with the dispatch of fleete to the coast of Nicaragua and the threat of the use of . force against the Sandinista revolution, and ending with an economic embargo against Nicaragua and the auppxt of the mercenary remnants of the puppet Somoza +Bgime?. Most reaently these United States acts of aggression have become more direct sad dangeroue. The United States Rouse of Representatives hao recently approved the allocation of funds to provide the mercenaries with arms and to train them. That action aggravates the situation in the Central Ameriaan region and threatens international peaae and security - particularly since the goal of the United States, which has been declared at the highest level of the Administration, is to topple the lawful Government in Nicaragua. Yesterday the Council listened to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Niaeragua, who gave the Council a true and clear picture of the dangerous united States aute of aggteeeion against the Government and people of Nicaragua. Furthermore, the Council heard many representatives denounce those act8 of aggression, which violate the united Rations Charter and the norms of international law and whiah impede the efforts of the Contadora Group and the Support Group to establish peace and stability in Central America. (Hr. Al-Alfi, Democratic Yemen) The persistence of the Unfted States Administration in its policy of the threat or use of force as a means to impese its schemes on the peoples of Central Amrica, and in particular on the people of Nicaragua , clearly reflects it6 policy of State terrorism, which the international caxuunity has constantly condemned, along with its flimsy pretexts. The met recent evidence of this condemnation is the decision by the International Court of Justice, which considers that the United States, in training, arming and financing the mercenary forces and encouraging and supporting subversive action against Nicaragua, is committing an aat of aggression against Nicaragua, That action rune counter to the accepted pti#UApleS of international law, namely, the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of States. The gravity of the situation lies in the fact that it is in conflict with the position of Latin America on the Panama Message concerning the nead *o oreate conditions that umld allou the psace process in central America to continue. (Mr. Al-Alf i, Demnceat ic Yemen) This American p&icy of aggression directed against Nicaragua and its legitimate right to sovereignty and self-determination and aimed at bringing the Sandinieta revolution to its knees through a chain of successive conspiracies with a view to toppling the legitimate regime in Nicaragua is part and parcel of the polioy of aggression in this region to impose its domination and hegemony on the peoples of the region. Democratic Yemen reaffirms its condemnation of the Ameriaan policies and practices of aggression to undermine Nicaragua’s stability and sovereignty and threaten its security and stability. gutthermore, it renews its solidarity with the pecole and Goverrrment of Nicaragua in their resietanae of American sots of aggression. It calls upon this Council to stand by Nicaragua in the face of all American suheaes to undermine its stability, sovereignty and territorial integrity and to interfere in its internal affairs. We condemn any American atteapt, ame or through its mercenary agents remnants of the Somoza regime, to cornnit aggression against lioaragua and its legitimate Government. The Council must reaffirm its support for the people and Government of Nicaragua in the face of military threats, economic ambargo and interference in its internal affairs by the United States Administration. It muat also put an end to the United States Administration*s flouting of the international community and deter its policy of eggreesion, to which it devotes all its military, Political and financial oapabilitiee. The PPSSIUEWPr I thank the representative of Demretic Yemen for the kind words he addressed to the presidency. The ne%t epesker is the representative of El Salvador. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. Mr. MBA (El Salvador) (interpretation from Spanish) t ft is a pleasure for ae to congratulate you, Sir, on your aesumption of the presidency of the Security Council for the month of July. I am convinced that your experience and diplomatic skill will contribute to the effective guidance of ite work. While it is true that the Council has been convened on the request of the Nicaraguan Gcverment to consider recent events in connection with relations hetveen that country and the United States, my Governnent@a decieion to participate in the debate here stem8 from two basic coneideration8: firet, Nicaragua’6 statement affects the intereetr of the Central American region, in particular those of my own country) and, secondly, the Government of El Salvador, independent of the attitude and positions of other Statea, wiehea to leave no doubt about ite position on the Central American erisie, in particular the situation in Izl Salvador. Pirat of all, the etatemnt by the Government of Niaaragua that the autlmrisatfon of aid to the anti-Saudinistar will lead to a widespread conflagration conetitute8, in our opinion, a veiled threat by the Government of Nioaragua to neighbouring countries in whiah, ruppoaedly, it muld increase its aotivitiee to drag them into a conflict that would convert it from a bilateral to a regional one. Xn that caee. El Salvador would be profoundly affected by an inoreaea in an interventioniet polioy whiah can in no way contribute to the normalisation and atability of national life in El Salvador with its consequent negative effect0 on the Salvadorian people. Theee statements, wbiah are of concern to my Government, are compounded by an internal eituation in Nicaragua characterized by an army which, according to statement6 made by that country just last week, ie on a war footing and amounts to som 300,000 soldiers equipped with more and more weapons which, contrary to what was said yesterday by the Nicaraguan ninieter , are not simple or antiquated. (Mr. Mets, El Sslvador) To El Salvador, thin wan6 that one Central American country enjoys unueuel rilitary hegemony totally illogiaal in the Central American area. Secondly, my Government uiehee to reiterate before thie forum and international public opinion that the arieie in Central America at the national and regional leoelm ha8 incraaud in magnitude to the extent that Nioeragua has not respected the baric ptinuiples of international coexirtencs l nd has constantly intarvened in the fnkrnal affair8 of other Staten. That ir the cam of my own country, in which it ha8 been imporaible to tesolve economic, political, 8ocial and othet problem@ in spite of the will end efforta of the Coverment, in particular during the 8dministrrtion of President Jori Napole6n Duarte, became of the l %iotenca of minotity group uhiab have taken up arm and made normal life in 81 BIlvador imporrible - group. which, given their cheractetirtics, must be supported l d supplied by (Dttetnal foraem. Theee ate thfngs that we have denounced constantly at tha bilateral and aultilateral level& Niorragcu, in defending its intereete anyuhere, pre8ent6 itself aa a country OIIt ardently rerpecta the bmic principle0 of non-intervention and selfdekrrifmtion. It conaider itutff the object by attack but it eidertape aqmutm of its om policy of rumrt for irrwular forces in other countriee, the met evident and opeaif ic euqle of uhich ir it8 intervention in El Salvadorbs internal affairs - -thing which the facts have confirmed and which we have tried to report to thie body. In thir re8peat the Government of El Salvador, a sovereign country and Pounding nember of the United Nations, also hae the right once again to denounce thtme uho have contributed to increaming violence and terrorism in El Salvador. Wt. Meza, El Salvador) Wicaragua hse pursued a policy of aggression against El galvador, e policy Of interVeW&n implementid by supporting and aiding groups that have taken up arms in ’ q corntry, ahowing solidarity with them and giving them sanctuary. Those groups have resorted to terrorist acts to attain their political objectives and have made the gandihista Government accuaplices in the escalation of violence and terrorism. That aggressive policy, which we have every right to denounce, has been in evidenca in various interuatiam1 forum& It has been adopted by different oXmtriea under different political ideologies that have tapoken against my couutry in an intervmtiariat way, since in me way or another they have supported or encouraged the irregular foroes that attack a legally established mvermmnt and violate the fmdaxental rights of the Salvadorian people. I shall n= give saw facte that dmonetrate Nicaraguags intsrventiar in El (hlvados t t irrt, the daath of the main leaders of Pb&W took place in Nicaraguar sharing that their headquarters were in Managua% eeoondly, in the negotiations for the liberation of the daughter of President Duarts the BlI+N used Managua as the aentre for its aonsultatione~ thirdly, the existence in l@icaragua of BMW training cm@3 has been obsrrved and proved) and, fourthly, ti Managua earernment ha8 On Various oameiore expressed ita solidarity with and suOgort for the EMUL On the other haml, in El Salvador today there is a legally established bvermvmt, the result of not one but three free electioue, sugarvised by the international aommunity. It ia gwerning in a situation that is now abnormal and unstable, a eituation of violence cauaed by irregular internal forces which could not lPaintain themselves and cantinue without support and help from outside. That Governamt has not been able fully to impl,emnt ite development plan. It hae demonstrated its desire to achieve peace by political meaner at the national level through a proposal to continue a realistic and sincere dialogue with the opposition forces, and at the regional level through euppott for the Ccmtadora initiatives. (Mr. bseaa, El salvador) Therefore, soi& qUwtion8 must be asked: What are El Salvador ‘8 rights? HOW can it ereroise them as a satereign oountry? When will our right to self -de termination be recognised? In oonclusian, it seems t0 me to bet imgortant to highlight the fact that with regard to a problem vhaee solution must lie with the Istin Aserican oountries, vhiah have a special interest, the majority of the stetements we have heard this afternoon and have yst ta hear come from countries outside the area of conflict. Support for Nicaragua has been voiced by countries from across the seas, countries with uhich we have no links of language or history, prch less a common &estiny. The FRlBIDENT$ I thank the regcesentative of Bl Salvador for his kind wordis addressed to MO The next speaker is the representative of Cuba. Z invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his atstement. Mt. VEIA%Q) SAN JOSE (Caba) (interpretatiar from apanieh)t WB are vety pleased, Sir, that your as representative of Thailand, have assumed the presidency of the Council br the month of July. Everyone is familiar with your skill, qualifications and experience, and we are oonvincad &at the debates in the Council will have a suocessful oonolusian. I also oongratulate hbamsa&r Blaise Rabetafika of Madagascar ar the exaellent work he aaeanplished at the head of the Council in June, and thank him for it. We are meeting today to discuss Nicaragua’s annplaint against the United States wer ane more escalation of the actions taken against that small Central tierban oo~try by the United States Mminietiat$q sbwe the very first daye of the triunph of the Sandinista revolution. The caapaigns of slander against the Sandiniste leaders, the mining of the ports, the economic embargo and the WC. Velaaco San J-e, Cuba) interminable manoeuvres cm Nicaragua’s borders have not sufficed. It has not been enough to try to stifle eomsmically a small, poor, underdeveloped oouutry agaiust rrbidh hava been used all the means available to a military and econanic Rnuer suds be the United Stabs. In addition, from the very outset the Whited States resorted to using, training and politically eupporting bands of Somckta elememta to sow terror urd death an BJicaragua~r oun soil, protected by bases on neighbouring torritozy. That policy of harassnsnt aud the viecual hatred of the Vnited State8 ministcatian for Nicuagua culminated in the recent appcwal by the whited Stat88 0oume of ~preoenhtiverr of $100 ailliar in aid to arm and train the Gomcista ruoauy bands. Needles8 ta my, that decision of the mited State6 Congrere ie a flagrant violation of intunational law, the norms of peaceful umcistence amng Statu md the principle of non-interference in the internal affaits of Statsth a8 laid down in the united Uations Charter. In ukse bands will the money from the Unitud states end up? The Sowcista bands of mucamries, dri& have been deenibad as free&a-fi*tere, ue capaed Of rlmute of the defeated Smmza army, led by officers known for their aruelty iu the your aen the miteb states favourite diotator wm mimahaging Sandho’ nation. The money from the United State8 will not serve only ta increase the burnings of eQhaol~, farm end haepitale) it will also be used further to enrich the uorrupt counter-revolutiamry elemnta who traffio in drugs and have enaaous bank awount~ in the whited Stetes. That rh4@-A --h-a ml 4cv t@g_r&i @(euir.maur he nnf mmm about by &au-. Cu w--m - - --- -- s----a -a-.- the camtrary, it fits into the context of the thinking and actions of an Mainietration that consi&re itself to have a divine mission to impose its philrmophy 0) the world and that stope at nothing to iuprme its beliefs. (Mr. Velazeo San Jose, Cuba) They have escalated the arms race and even spread it to outer space, against the will of the vast majority of mankind, which wishes peace, not an increased danger of nuclear holocaust. They invaded Grenada, the small island of the unforgettable Maurice Bishop, in gross violation of that country’s sovereigntye and attempted to represent that act as having heen intended to restore demoracy, by inventing tall tales of non-existent hostager and imaginary dangers that existed only in the minds that conceived that action. They indiscriminately bumbed the capital of Libya, cawing dozens of civilian deaths, inuluding that of the young daughter of the leader of the Libyan people, BIu’Anar Al-Qaddafi. They thu8 showed that the policy of State terrorism is not the monopoly of the South African racists or the Israeli Zionists. They have done all they can to avoid imposition by the Seuurity Council of mandatory samtions againrt the amirtbeid dgime, in spite of the crimes it has committed against the African population of South Africa and against neighbouring countries - and in spite of the fact that the United States Mministration imposed a unilateral effbargo againrt Wicaragua and mntinues the fllegal economic blazkade ippoaed in 1960 against Cuba foe the uole reason that our peaples decided to rule their own destinies, free of guardianship and dependence. Essentially, the imp3rialiasta are the allies of apartheid1 they are raciete and the enemies of our peoples. For that reason, their policy ie aimed in the economic ephere at turning the developing countriee into low-coat praducere of raw mteriale to eate the appetites of Western consumer societies in the new divieion of labour they are attempting to impose upon us, condemning our peoples to unrelenting technological and cultural bsckwardnees. (Mr. Velasco San Jose, Cuba) Just a few days ago the International Court of Justice ruled against the United States and in favour of Nicaragua in the latter country’s complaint before that Court. The illegality of the united States actions ia how all the clearer - if anyone still had any doubts about ft. Prom the beginning of the aggressive action bV the united States, the Government of Nicaragua had expressed its willingness to engage in dialogue and negotiate in search of understanding aud peace, in order to enable it to concentrate all its energies on construction and economic and social developaent. But the only response it has received is an escalation in the aggression and new and incrreasinqly dangerous military and economic measures by the united States Administration. The United States government has also torpedoed the peace initiatives of the governments of Mexico, Colombia, Panama and veneauela, vhich have now been joined by the Governments of Peru, Arqentina, Uruguay and Brazil. Cuba, whiah has always favoured a peaceful negotiated solution to the conflict in Central America, has supported those peace initiatives from the outset, and has stated on many occasions that a solution through weapons - as advocated by the imperialists - can only lead to a conflagration with unforeseeable consequences. This Council, entrusted by the Charter with the responsibility of eafeguardinq international peace and security, can do no lees ciutn the International Court of Just ice. The Peoples of America hope that justice will be done, and that the hand that fuels the war against Nicaragua will be stayed. They hope that the illegal measures imposed aqainet the heroic people of Sandino will be ended aud that the imperialiet Government of the United States will be condemned for its aggressive @icy, which can only lead to more suffering and death for the brother people of Nicaragua.

I thank the representative of Cuba for the kind words he addressed to me. Mr. GBSilO (Ghana) P It ie a particular pleasure for me to express my delegation’s congratulations to you, Sir, on your aeeumptlon of the presidemy of the Security Council for the month of July. I am proud to have worked together with you on many issues of importance to the United Nations over the last few years, because of your attachment to principle, your deep knowledge of international law, and your pleasant manner in dealing with fellow diplomats. My delegation is confident that your distinguished qualities will benefit the deliberations of the Council during your tenure in office. Let me also convey our sincereet appreciation to Ambassador Blaise Rabetafike, Permanemt Representative of Madagbscat, for the energetic, wise and composed manner in which he steered the Security Council’s work during the month of June. On 27 June 1986 the Permanent Representative of Nicaragua requested an emergency meeting of the Security Council, charging that the escalat3an in the policy of aggression of the United States Government towards Nicaragua was a threat to international peace and security, Since then the Nicaraguan delegation has elaborated upon its complaint to the Council, which has also taenefitted from the statement of the United States delegation. For its part, the G;rana delegation is pleased that the Council is seized of the matter at thie time, for two reason% first, because recent decisions by the United States Congreso and the International Court of Justice on relations between the two countries are of profound significance to international peace and security, aad, secondly, because, in the light of recent events and decisione, the Security Council should conoern itself seriously with the search for a possible means Of preventing any further escalation of violence and tension in Central America. we are therefore participating in the debate today in solemn recognition of our responeibilities as a member of thie Council and in pursuit of our continued eupgwrt for the Charter and international law. (Mr. Qhebo, Ghan& we learned witb cmrtetnation and alar* of tbe deoirion of the nnited Wtatee Rouee of Repreeentstivee to grant $100 million in aid to the re?G mercenary forces kmm ae tbe contra% Tbat decirion aucorda unjurtified approval to the violent uul warlike intentions explicit in the United Stetea R&ninietration*x polity toward6 Wicaragua. Tbe logiaal conwguence of United State6 logistical and military euppurt for tbe mealled contra6 ia tbe exacerbation of regional inrtability and a widening of the theatre of tbe conflict, wbiob conrrtitute an ebuxe of tbe letter and rpirit of the Charter under wbiob we unite in purruit of internationel peace and oeuurity. (MC. &t&o, Ghana) We not5 also with cumidrrable diequiet that the prerent decision folloWa a long history of United States involvement with act.5 calaulatad to take the live8 of innccent civilian5 es well aa to deetabiliee the Government of Nicaragua - beginning in 1981 with the founding, organisation and funding of the former SmOaa Guardm, known aa contrae. Yeeteraay the Council was remindet3 that Nioaragua had OQY hefore it 11 timts on the queetion of relation6 between the two countriee. My delegation fear5 that they have been 11 occaeione for exposing United States wrongdoing againrt Nicaragua and in Central &mica. we are all bound by international m5tomry law in oul: relations with om another, but in the ca5e of Uioaragua the facts indicate otrongly that the United State6 haa little regard for international law and ha6 ahoeen to rely Solely on its military right. Th5 ouaulative ect5 ad pronourbce5enta of the United state5 Adrrini5tration egainrt Uieacagua evinae a detexmination to ware the violent overthrow of the hmlly wn5titutsd Governmnt of Nioaragua, through proxies, or dirwtly, mire the rwea to athe, The claim of United Stater funationarie@ to the contrary We ken 1050 than convinaing. Indeed, in pursuing its so-called policy of wntain#Ont 8gairr5t the sandini5ta Government the United state5 fellow a tckpronWd approach. The firet is the arming of the uonttas to prosecute a limited brurhfire War, with the objective of deotabiliaing the Nicaraguan revolution, and the 5roond i5 th5 impoeition of United State5 hamIpicked traitor5 on the Nicaraguan pmple l e 1Ogitimate contender5 for potter. A more di5turbing oPtion is that repotted in a WkW York Times of 29 Hay 1986 under the aaptionc Ventagon Bears Major War If tatine Sign Peace Accora.. The report atatee that the united States Addni2tratiOn ia actively COn5idering the deployment of 100,000 United State5 cc&at troops, together with air and naval foroee, aggainet the Smtlinistse. The total expe5ditute PropO5mI for this adventure 15 $9.1 billion in the firet year of war alone. If (Mr. Gbeho, Ghana) that report is true, then the world can expect a full-scale war in Central America soon. Council members are deeply concerned, and the Ghana delegation will continue to speak out boldly against such an eventuality, until we are convinced that international peace and security will not be needlessly prejudiced. Those acts and revelations manifest’explicitly the total aversion and hostility of the United States Government to the vigorous and ongoiny purusit of peace and co-operation by the Contadora and Support Groups. Sadly, the recent Rouse vote to grant overt support to the Contras eubstantially undercuts the efforts being made for peace and regional integration, whiah continue, in spite of these hostile acts, to engage the active co-operation of the five countries of Central Awr fca. we support the eloquent oppoeition of the Contadora Group to the perpetration of all acts of war to achieve peace. One of the cornsrstones of the United Stat&a charter ad international law in general is respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of States. Our ability to ensure full respeat for and observance of this principle is under threat. By auto covert and overt perpetrated against Niaaragua by the Reagan Administration, the united states bas clearly violated the soleum principles enehrined in the Charter which govern relaticm between states. Its size and military power should not excuse wrongdoing, because that would be the beginning of the persecution of mnall States. Furtherlaore, the United States, as a founding nembr of the united Nations, should feel a moral obligation to settle its difference6 with Nioaragua through non-violent means. The authoritative and timely pronouncemente af the International Court of Justice last week are full and adequate testimony to the misguided actions of the united State8 in violating customary internatioual law principles prohibiting the uue of force and interference in the domestic affairs of other State6 and enjoining (Hr. Gbeho, Ghana) respect for the sovereign independence of Nicaragua. sty delegation has admittedly not concluded its study of the Court’s various deoisions, but I believe that in conckxring with the majority decisions of that Court we know n0 less than the United States. The Court may not have had all the facts in the present case but it certainly was in posseesion of enough information to reach it8 conclusions. In any case, why doee the United States not seriously consider c-operating with the Court by making all pieces of information available to it? We reject also the attempts to explain the problems of instability and tension in Central Amerioa as resulting f.mm a historical confrontation between East and West in that region. This time-worn simplification of international issues is an atteapt to obfuscate historical evidence. The Sandinieta Goverment wa8 democratiaally eleoted into Government in 1979 an4 has since held fair eleatione which the international community atteeted to. The refusal of the United States alone to accept that fact does nat detract from the legitimacy ant3 the competence of the Niceraguan Government. @sy delegation will continue to defend the right of any state to seek help from wherever such help is likely to some. To do otherwise would be to *aommit political suicide. The tragedy of Central America has it8 Boutce in the insistence of the United States on treating sovereign States in that region as miners in its baakyard. Thus the era of ‘gunboat dipl~macy~ - the inetallation of puppet r6gimes euoh as that of the Somoaae whieh, bolstered by the award of sinecurea and the military prOte&iOn of their patrons, exacted the most suffocating repression against their own people - is still with Central America. The Contras repreoent an ineidioue attempt to reveree the victory of the peoples of Central America, particularly that of Nicaragua, in their etruggle for peace, stability and democracy. My delegation finds disturbing symboliem in the Mr. Gbeho, Ghana) l raing of fomw National Guardmn of Anartario -ta Debalye who are llov prexented before international publio opinion ea freedowfighterm. It is ovidmt that the Contras, conjured upl trained, armad and financed by the united State+ aewe as key exocutorr of an elaborate policy of State torrorin purrued by the Reagan Mxinietration against Hicaragu8. ~ha aontras ace in conception and by deed of the m@a ilk and tqtu a8 tlm murderous !JNITA traitors led by Jonam Saviabi In the forest of Angola. It is only fitting that the International Court find@ the 6ctm of kidnapping, raining and killing of innocent individuals perpetrated by the m-uallad ftoadwfighterr to k violationa of international hummitatian law. We find hplioit in tba rtatenont udo yeototday by the Porruwnt Roptenntative of tha United State@ - particularly tJm aoncluding puagra@t - the urogatim by him eountry of tb role of final arbiter aa to what tbr Govunmnt of aiarrbgue cm or aumot do. . (Mr. Gbeho, Ghana) Coneequently, all poliaire pursued by the Nicaraguan Govetwuuent in exercise of its sovereign authority that incur the displeasure of the United States will invite the punitive wrath of the Reagan Administration. Those pronouncement8 by a Founding Member of the United Nations are regrettable aud portend a dangerous and uncertain future for internationsl relations in geueral. We condemn the continued violation of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of the State of Nicaragua, pxpetrated by the United States. It8 VigOroU pursuit of a limited war through proaxies, its imposition of economic sanctions through a trade srpbsrgo mount to clear violation of the IUXIW Of . international law a# coerciou againmt a number of the United Nations. In this regard, we will not fail to recOgnise that those a&a are calculated to impose maximum tenmion and instability within Wicatagua. Indeed, they seek to manipulate international publio opinion against the Ssudinista r&glare and profit from illegal actions. There was a repetitian yeeterdsy of the allegation that Nicaragua is empotting huge quantities of arms into neighbouring countrfee, but the watettight ev%dence for ruch accusation8 has not been forthcoming. We regret therefore out inability to concut in the oharge and to support United States promotion of violence against Nicaragua. The Ghma delegation is concerned that a permanent member of the Security Council does not see any role for the Council in dealing with its allegation8 against Nicaragua. If what it charge8 the Sandinista Government with is true, then it ha8 8erious implications for security in that region. We are forced to ask why it does not refer the canrplaint to the SeaUrity Council but rather take8 the law into it8 own hand@. Principle8 of the Charter are for all Members of the United Nations, not just fume. (Mr. Gheho, Ghana) A little while ago my delegation listened to the representative of one of the delegations that made a presentation before the Council. He concluded by stating that theme had &ten support for Nicaragua from countries that were far avay and which had no language or ethnic connection with Central America. My delegation totally rejects that claim. It denies the concept of international relations and seeks to arrogate to only certain members of the international community the absolute right to promunce on matters within their geographical competence. That ie unacceptable to my delegation, and we ae a member of the international community, indeed, as #embra of the United NatiOnS, vi11 continue to speak out against injuetice, against exploitation and against the perpetration of violence vherever these ray occur. My delegation has been sensitive to the views of Latin American counttiee in the dispute between the United States and NfCatagUa, eepeoially those acpreesed through the Contadora forum. we ate struck by the nearly unanimous advocacy for peace and the distancing of themselves from the violent actions of the United statee. Indeed, one member has warned in the current debate that the actions of the united states are prejudicial to relations with all Central American States. If those vhom the United State8 claims to be protecting are lee8 enthusiastic about ite methods then it will be proper to chsnge those methods in the inteteet of greater ~tmmy in the area. my delegation velcomee the princlplee enunciated in the Panama Message ieeued by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Contadore initiative and its Support Group on 7 June 1986. The three fundamental commitments teguired of the five Central American Governments in out estimation provide adeguate and realistic psrametete for the continuation of negotiations towards the signing of the Contdotr Final Act of Peace and Co-opecation. (Mt. Gbeho, Ghana) Furthermore we wish Co state in no uncertain terms our appreciation of and commitment to the efforts of the Contadora and Support Group in facilitating the possibilities of peace and Go-operation for which the tormented peoples of Central America have so long yearned and which so justly must be their reward. If we fail, as members of this Council, to issue strong condemnation of the illegal acts of the United States, we may become by default metre appendages to a global system conceived, directed and policed by one nation on Earth. That consequence is unacceptable. The democratic pluralism that is so often vaunted must ba uneguivocally embraced by members of this Council in international . relatioma. go conclude, my delegation reiterates our solidarity with the Government a& people of wicaragua. we rededicate ourselves, in this hietorio week of the celebration of the attributeo of liberty by our host country, to the defence of thst sama liberty of nations, large or small. The PRBSIbB#Pt I thank the representative of Ghana for his kind words addressed to the pteeidency. !Phe next speaker ie the representative of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. I invite him to take-a seat at the Council table and to make his etatement. Mr. OMKWENRO (Ukrainian Soviet ScAalist Republic) 4 interpretation from Russian) t Mr, President, first of all, allow me to welcome you to the lofty post of the presidency of the Security Council and to wish you suoces8 in the forthcoming oFark of the Council. There is m doubt in our minds that your great diplomatic experience, wisdom and pereonal qualities will facilitate the success of the work of the Counail thie month. (Mr. Oudovenko, Ukrainian SSR) We similarly expreeo our great gratitude to your predecessor, Alnbaseador Rlaiee Rabetafika of Madagascar, who skilfully carried out the reeponeibilities of the presidency of the Council last month. My delegation also would like to express its gratitude to the members of the Security Council for the opportunity given to us to speak on the question under consideration. For many years now the Central American region has been characterized by an unremitting tension. The deeprooted cause of the conflict situation in Central America is to be found Ln the consequences of the harsh economic exploitation of human anb natural resources of the countries of the region by foreign companies. Also, it is to be found in the attemts of the forces of imperialism to ilapooe politics1 domination and to underrine the progresaive social and economic proceeses whioA ace taking place in that region. The thrust Of the imperialistic policy of pressure, threats and diktat at this stage is directed primarily agatnet tJieatagua, whose people have chosen the way of indqmdent develment. Over the last four yearm from the tima when, at the request of Nicaragua, the 9uertion Of the aggressive actions of the United States against that country was first p&Wed on the agenda of the Security Council, the Council has aonslidered different arpects of that problem awe than 10 times and adopted appropriate resolutions. Thuu, m resolution 562 (1085), the Seaurity Couuail reaffirmed the sovereignty and inalienuble right of Niceragua end other State8 freely ta decide their oun political, eaanomia and social system, ta develop their interuatimal relations aaaording to their people’s interests, free from outside interference, subversian, direct 01: indireat coercion or threats of any kind. HweVer, the diecueeiar new being held in the Council has clearly shmn that &at reso3atian is not being implemented because of the pliay of the current United States Wministratian towards a small and independent State. We are witnessing the application of pressure and black-i1 of all types. Military . PMoeuvrea are held almmt continuously on the banders of that State, and reconnaisaanae flights sre carried out aver Niauaguau territory in violation Of ita rovereiguty. Hucenuies and eomter-tavolutionariem are using instructiar mmualm fa murder and e&otage prepared for then by the Chited states Central Intelligence Menay (CIA). Equally fresh in our minds are other armed aatiana against SQIcacagua, eud~ aa tbe mining of that aount.ry% peacofuP ports. There heve been andlees attempts to une eammic oanations to strangle the #iuarraguan revolution. The increase in so-called humanitarian assistance to the counter-rwolutianuy group hae already led to the appearance in their ranks of neOl type of modern ueapbne - another extremely dangerous step tovuda heightening tenelan in central America. In tie United Statee, a deaieim hes been made to finance directly the arimee of the Somwiet mercenary bands in Niaaragua) having agptwed a request to elloaete BlOO millia, ti the aobrtras, the &mr iaan legielatore have supported - under, it must be painted out, extremely heavy peesure fram the mited Stetes Administration - tbt i4dminietration’e aggressive gtoliay designed ta overthrou the lawfG1 Government of Nicaragua - nar has the poesibility of direct military intetVeI9tiOn ir, that Mea been excluded. (Mr. Oudovenko, Ukrainian SSR) All such satiohe are in blatant violation of international law, the Charter of the United Nstiane end rreealutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council that have affirmed Nicaragua% sovereignty and its inalienable right, a8 in the case of othes States, freely to chccee its own political, economic and social SyStrm. Thoee resolutione also cmtain appeals to refrain fran supporting or prolPoting political, eamamic oc military actions of any kind against any State in the region. That appeal is also cmtained in Security Council resolution 562 (1985), to whid, I referred earlier. OMU again, the thited States is acting as an enemy of political settlement in Centtal America. That stsp is clearly intended to undermine the proposal6 of the ConaQra Group, which, among other wnditians necessary for normalisation, call in partioulu for en iopediate end to aooistanca to irregular groups and forces. lhlrthermxe, the tlnibd Statea io violating the pravisioua of mtneral Jmmmbly resolution 39/4, crhieh repeats the appeal addressad to all hterestsd States in aud 0utmiC the regiar ta w-operate fully with the Cartadura Group. &I& io th value of the hypocritical statements mm&3 by the ulited state6 with regard to its oolrritment to fresdwu and Qmocraay, hutaan rights, the Cantadora psocess aud a peaceful eettlement to the problems in the Central Amerioan region. AI, the Minister for Poreign Affairs of Nicaragua rightly put it yesterday, in hi8 statement in the 8Baurity Councils %ie laak Of political will on the part of the United states Sovernmnt to eupport the Cantadore process and its permnent @icy of blocking and bopteing these noble efforts beuoume aleer once aqain at this time, when that GQvecnmmt claims that it can ignore the action of that group of ommtries and tries to make that initiative a tool of domination and interference in the internal affair0 of Statee.” WPV.2694, p. 13) (Hr. Oudovenko, Ukrainian SSR) In the alarming situation that now exists in Central America, the Government of Nicaragua has taken important initiatives to open the way to the political solution of existing problems. It has reaffirmed its stand as a fighter for peace and has demonstrated in deeds, and not only in words, its desire to reach a political settlement to the conflict. Its policy is imbued with fidelity to the principles of mutual resmt for sovereignty, equal rights and non-interference in the internal affairs of States. Only an unswerving observance of those principles can ensure the normal development of international relations and the just settlement of all conflicts. . The solution to the problems of Central America is to be found not in pressure, in isperial ultimatums and in diktat, but, rather, in the only real poltcy consistent with the norms of international law, namely, peaceful settlement through negotiations, with respect for the legitimate interests of all and the full sovereignty of all countries in the region. The Ukrainian Soviet Souialiet Republic condesns the united States actions that have led to an emcer&atfon of tensions in Central America and that are a visible manifestation of a policy of State terrorism being carried out by the United States in that region. We favour n fair and negotiated eettlement of the problems of Central America. we support Nicaragua’s positive position, and we exprees to the people of Nicaragua our full solidarity and Support. The United Nations, and particularly the Security Council, should play an isportant role in norrnalizing the situation in Central America. It is tima to adopt measures to put an end to interference in internal affairs in that region and to ensure its peoples the right to a free, democratic and independent development. The PRESXDENT I X thank the representative of the Ukrainian Soviet - Socialist Republic for his kind words addressed to the preoidency. (The President) The next xgerker ix the repemn~tive of Csechoalovak ia. I invite him to take 8 pba at the C#noil table and to make his abtsmnt Mr. KUtRwI[BC (Cso&oxlamkia)r I h0u.M like at the outset to oongratulata you, Sit, on your aoceoaian to the preridancy of the Security Council La the mmth of July. I aa convincad that ulder your capetent guidance the Cancil will actively conttibuta to the 8trengthaning of peace, stability ma uourity in the wald. At the mm time, I shotia like to exprere my high l ppreoiatien of tb* crork of your preLao8xa, thePumanentmpre8mtativo of Hadrguou, da0 peai&d over the meetinge of the Council in June. The working poplo of Cxedaxlcwalcia rinobtely uelaoaaa the vi&my of the reuobtion of the louagum people under the f04bau~ii, of the Sandintrt Front of Watiamltibu~tian, wbicb brobqhtabaattheovutbrar of the bicUtorrhip of the somm elan that had been in gmmr fa bscibau. That revolution grined the ruppatt and a-tibia of the bromd rprottm of uorl& publie opiniar, ar uell aa of pogreuive ad realixtiorlly n&n&d golitiai all wer the wald. Sinoe the “I very firrt memenu after the vioapry of the rev01 tim, the Sandiniet avernmnt bu m&rrtoured to were W burdumam legmy of the 8aom dgim - gciruily illitrrmy, umaploymmntr pvuty, un&r&velmant, luhutritian an& a ihataga of boaltb=au~ l etVieCI. (Mr. Kulawiec, Ceechoelouakia) That peaceful constructive effort has received the full support of the sociaPist countries, including Csectmelovdkia. Czechoslovakia gives Nicaragua assistance, especially by helping to build up a number of branches of Nicaragua’s national economy and providing training facilities for Nicaraguan specialists in our achoole, inetftutee and enterpriaes. We shall continue to develop our relations both at a bilateral level am3 within the framework of the Agreement concluded by Nicaragua with the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. At a time when the developing aountriea, including Nicaragua, face an urgent need to solve problems of econonric an8 social development, famine and xalnutrition, . external debt an8 a nuxber of other difficulties, they are forced to expend valuable material and huxan resources for defence in order to xaintain their natimal independence ad State sovereignty. The undeclared vat waged by the United States against Nicaragua is one of the must telling exmles of the policy of imperialist aggressiveness against the Beveloping countries. The prewnt United States Administration fe not giving up the idea of i-ding upon sovereign States its OMB wilt, whenever, wherever and in whetever form it deems appropriate, and to dictate to them what political line and social system they should adopt 80 that they co~@y with American concepts of l frwdoja* and *damuraeyw. Fad? on Wnited State8 interference in the internal affairs of tbe Republic of Niaaragua are well known. It has included, for exaupler the mining of Nioaragurn harbour& the financing and training of counter-revolutionary twde of mercenaries, a trade embargo, psychological warfare an& the publication of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) l manualaa for saboteurs and killera in Nicaragua. Let us recall that such an approach on the part of the United States to other peqlee, and ecpecially to Latin Axerica, is not new. At the beginning of this (Mr. Rulawice, Czechoslovakia) century President Theadore Roosevelt said that any country whose people behaved well could rely on the cordial friendship of the United States. If a nation showed, he vaid, that it could act in social and political affairs reasonably, effectively and decently, it did not need to fear any interference on the part of the united States. Conatant incorrectneee or inability, which would lead to a loosening of the commitments of civilised society, if occurring in the Western hemisphere, where the United States maintained the Monroe Doctriile, could, he said, compel the United State8 to initiate, in striking cases of incorrectness or inability, international intervention, much ae it might hate to do it. We feel strong indignation at the attitude of the United States Government whioh aeaerts reaped for the Constitution of it.8 own country while unscrupulously attacking the constitutional order and the legitimate Government of the Republic of Nicaragus. Such activity grossly contravenes the norm8 of international law, the United Uations Charter and a numbetr of United Nations resolutiorns, from those proclaiming the inadwieeibility of using economic measures as a means of coercion to those condemning State terrorism and the user training and OInmcing of mercenary armiee. We have read with interest the letter sent by the Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs of Wkarague to the United States Secretary of State on 27 June. Czechoelovakia shares the indignation aroused by the decision of the Unitea Statee to grant the counter-revolutionary forces further assistance, mounting this time to $US 100 million. It is our opinion that the continued escalation of the aggreeeive policiee of the United States in interfering in the interm nffnire of _.----. Nicaragua will bring ahout nothing but a further expanoion of violence, further sufferings of the innocent civilian population and further human and material loeeee of the severely tried Republic of Nicaragua. (Mr. Rulawiec, Czechoslovakia) We regard the interference on the part of the United States - a permanent member of the Security Council - in the political processes going on in Nicaragua and Central America as inadmissible. It has been known for a long time that without military, political and moral support from the unitea States the counter-revolutionary banas of mercenaries not only would have no chance of achieving any military resultst they would inevitably disintegrate. Nicaragua and its neighbours, would then gain the peace that ie so sorely needed for their all-round development. The continued aggreseive policy of the united States towarae Nicaragua not only reflects contempt for the cause of international peace and tmcurity but IS just one of numeroue manifeetatione of deliberate aisregara of the interests of the peoples of Latin America. The United States has followed this policy for more than 150 year@, looking upon the Latin Amrican continent, from the Rio Qrande to Patagonia, as an exclusive sphere of united States Wital interests”, and arrogating to iteelf the right to treat that region as it pleasee. The undeclared war and hostile policies pursued by the United States againrt Nicaragua are a below-the-belt @trike at the Contadora process that has won broad international support and recognition and that embodies the endeavour of Latin Ameriaan diplomacy to solve the situation in Central America by peaceful means without external interference. The United States praotices, which -Unt to attempts at interference in the internal affaire of the countriee of Central America, have to be eliminated ae an anachronism, unacceptable in the present-dey world. (Mr. Kulawiec, Czechoelovakia) This ie all the more true in viclw of the fact that the States of that region prove their viability every day. The efforts of More countries to solve their regional problem by peaceful mean6 are 80 constructive and skilful that they are in a position to solve the existing difference8 without external patronizing, on the baeie of consistent adherence to the norm8 of international law. We therefore consider that the Security Council should give strong support to the peace process initiated and pursued by the countries of Central America and should effectively prevent those practicee of the United State6 which are incompatible with the United Wetlone Charter. The Csechoslovak Sooialiet Republic fully supports the effort of the Governsuent and people of Nicaragua to fulfil their right to live in peace and tC build a just moiety of their own choice. Our full rupport also gcee to trticaragua*s legitinpte right to self-defence, There principles wnra reaffirmed in the Programme Deularation of the newly appointed Csechoelovak Government of 25 June of thir year, which, among other things, state6 the following: *Our sympathies and solidarity are traditionally on the side of peoples that are struggling for their national liberation, against ne*colonialia2 and racism, ageinet mrialiet aggression, for the strengthening of their political and economic independence and for eoaial progress. Within our poesibilities, we ehall give them politiaal, laaral ea well a5 material aeeietance ...a. Our delegation joins those that expeat the United states Government to head the wise voice of the international crnmunity which aalls for e change in the prosP3ctleee and dangeroue plicy of the preeent united Stetee Adminiotretion. The only place for seeking avenuee towards solving poeaible problem2 in mutual relation8 is the negotiating table. The RRBSIDWP: I thank the reprewntativo of Cxe&orlovakle for hie kind uotdm addreued to the presidency. The next opesker is the reprementetive of Mongolia. I invite bin to take a place at the Counuil table and to rrke his atatment. Mr. WLJINPSBRBN (Mongolia) (interpretation from Ruarirn) : Mr. President, at the outset X should like to expresa to yvu an4 to all the ~&era of the Security Council our gratitude foe giving us the opportunity to speak on the quertion nw being dircurred In the Securfty Council. I l hould eloa like to congratulate your sir, on your arruqtion o!? the responoibilitiee et the Provident of the Seourity Council for this llonth and to wiok yw every ewcesm in uarrying out the rerponrible ~+imeion entrurted to you. The Hongolian delegation would also like to take thi@ opportunity to pay a tribute to the Peraansnt Rjgreaentative of Msdagawar, Mr. Bldle Rabetafika, for the l uccerrful manner in which he carried out the tunetime of President of the Security Council last mnth. The Security Council im again discuesing a very aeriour question which involver the vitally irpottant interesta of a moverelgn State eml 8LLwtr the fate of internotlo~al pence and security. The world aamunity ham &gain ultnerud umJi8guiwd fnterferenae by ilperialiet force8 in the internal rffaira’of a awereign State in Centre1 Metier, non-aligned bticaragua. The Souw of Wprerentatives of the united States, through arrtvlsting end diraet presrure on nany of it8 rexhere, inoluding action bythe Peemident of the United Stat?- hixeelf, recently decided to allocate $108 nillion to further FiMnCe, train ad am the &?cImwirta bandits who are ment into NicataglU8 io s’esiWy its @%3xiiif on: S kill thousands of corapletely innocent people. AS preview speakerr pointed out, rwh eotion by the United state6 further to feed and arm the SceaoitBta reneged.6 (Mr. Do:1 intseren, Mongolia) will inevitably lead to an escalation of the already tenee situation which exists in Central America as a result of the policy of state terrorism carried out by the United States authorities. At the same time, it is one more manifestation of a policy of neoglobaliam carried out by the United Btates Administration in order to establish its hegemony in the world. Thus the recent unseemly action by the United states to expand its crude interference in the internal affaire of a sovereign state of Central America and to increase it8 aggression against it represents a uew alarming step fraught with very dangerous consequences for the cause of peace aud tranguility, both inside and outside the region. In addition to the recent deoision of the United States Rouse of Representatives to expand its we of the Scmciata renegades, the united States Administration has been committing other criminal acts against the Nicaraguan paople l These include frequent military mmeuyrea near the border of Nicaragua, the mining of Nicarague’s territorial waters, the declaration of an economic embargo and other measures designed to destabilise the sanllinista Government of Nicaragua, whose independent course displeases the United States AdPPiniBtratiOn. It is quite natural for the world community justly to consider these aggressive actions by the current United states Administration to he an open challenge to the international connuunity and a flagrant violation of the norms and principles of international law SnB of Charter provisions. The recent decision of the International Court of Justice, which rightly accused the United states of pUrSUing a criminal policy against the Nicaraguan people, is a case in pint, We also know that the General Aeselably at its fortieth session adopted a resolution which condemned the aggressive actions of the United States, especially its economic embargo against Nicaragua. (Mr. Uolj intseren, Molrgolia) All that I have just said again exposes the fact that it is precisely the aggressive policy of the United States authorities against Nicaragua and other peoples of Central America, no matter what the pretext, which is the main source Of the threat to pesse and security in that region of the world and outside it. We nmst also point out that the aggressive policy of the United States in Centeal America is directly linked to its globs1 policy of fanning international tension and imposing its own will and diktat on other sovereign States and peoples. On the basis of its fundamental position of principle, the Mongolian delegation vigorously condemns this new action and other unseemly deeds by the United States Administration against the Nicaraguan people se being an undeclared war of American imperialism against that brave country. We also join with the other delegations in demanding that the United States imediately end all aggressive actions against Nicaragua and strictly observe and respect the latter’s independence, sovereignty arta territorial integrity. In this connection, the Mongolian People’s Republic supports the conununiqu& of the Co-ordinating Bureau of the Movetuent of Nondligrred Countries, aaopted on 3’: Ame of this year, which condemns the provision of financial assistance by the United States to mercenary forces as a violation of the sovereignty and political independence of Nicaragua, a non-aligned country, as well as of the principles and objeotfves of the Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations Charter. Mongolia again expresses its full solidarity with and eupport for the just cause of the Uovernment and people of Nicaragua in defending their freedom, independence, sovereignty and revolutionary achievements in their struggle against encroachment by United States imperialism. We support all the efforts of the Sandinista Government to bring about a peaceful settlement of the situation in Central America. (Mr. Doljinteeren, Mongolia) Hongolia feels it is neaessary for the Security Council, in carrying out its function as the united Nation8 organ with principal reeponeibility for the raaintenance of international peace and security, to take the necessary measures to end the aggressive actions of the United States Administration against Nicaragua, its independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity. The PRESIDDNP: I thank the representative of Mongolia for the kind words he addressed to the presidency. The next speaker is the representative of Angola. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to wake hi6 statement. Mr. de P~GUSIPPDG (Angola): We congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption of the presidency of the Council for the aonth of July. I thank you and, through you, the other member8 of the Council for allowing my delegation to participate in this very important debate. We have and enjoy ties of friendship with you and have no doubt that your natural brilliance and capacity will enable the Council to secure modalities to ensute that all nations respect the norms of international law. My delegation ha@ learnt with great emrrow, frustration and anger of the latest manosuvre of United States coercion in Central Jmerica a0 a region and in Nicaragua in particular. The international community is filled with outrage at this blatant United States act of interference in the domestic affairs of an independent sovereign State which lies far from the border6 of the united State@, has never had any confrontation with the United states, has throughout Offered to negotiate with the United States, and has never undertaken any action that in the slightest way affects the United states. With the potential assistance of $US 100 million, the United States mistakenly hopes to destabilise the legitimate and lawfully constituted Government of Nicaragua end to install there a puppet r&ime to do its bidding, as was the case for so many decades befcxe the Nicaraguan people drove out the puppet oppressor5 and liberated themeelves. (Mr. de Pigueiredo, Ansola) My delegation*s’support for and solidarity with the Government an8 people of Nicaragua are all the stronger and deeper mince the Government and paople of Angola are facing a similar imperialist threat, with the United States bent on supporting a bandit group of traitors in an effort to destabilise tho legitimate Goverfunent of rovereign, iudepeudent Angola , a country which is not even on the same continent or in the sage he&sphere ae the United States. American lawmakers who vote the funds that lead to the sacrifice of innocent bload are surely not aware of the situation in Nicaragua and Angola. I find it hard to believe that if they were in poeeeseion of the facts they would vote those fuudr for aid to the eo-called Contras, remnants of the murderous former Sowciata National Guard. It is indeed an irony that in the hundredth year of *Lady Liberty’ the United States Government has seen fit to deny liberty to indepeudent nations to choose freely their own Governmente or feel aecure within their aim borders, and without the threat of imperialist aggreeeion daily locming over their lives. My delegation extends full solidarity and support to the Government and people of Nicaragua and is ready to support any initiative that coudeuns that action and eneures the eafety of the people of PJicaragua against imperialist aggression or imperialiet-supported vmves. In the face of this aangeroua action by the United States, certainly the international community mot close ranks behind Nicaragua, the third world met show ite united support, the non-aligned must undertake a otrong initiative, and the Latin American countries must give full eupport to Nicaragua. What come Of UB may tend to forget is that none of ue - Latin Americans, Afiiana, Africans or European5 - are free of danger from imperialist manoeuvringI we must never forget (Hr. de Figueiteda, Angola) that all of ue l re vulnerable to irper!,eli8t deeigne. The bcmbs that may r8in on Nicaraguan children a8 a rerult of United State8 aesirtsnce to the NicaragUm traitor8 may well rain on our children ae well, if it M suite imperialist whira8 and policies. A luta continua. A vitoria e certa. The PRESIbEIPPt I thank the representative of Angola for the kind word8 he addreesed to the presidency. The representative of the United States has asked to be allowed to speak in exercise of the right of reply, and I call on hia. Mr. WALTERS (United States of America): I vould be remiss if I did not reply to a number of offensive and inaccurate remarks that have been mde this morning and this afternoon. My country does not have to build a wall to keep within its boundaries its own oppressed people. My counrry ‘8 problem is quite different: millions would like to get in. Being denounced by a country which has driven, through terror and repression, 2 raillion of its own people out to sea in open bats is for me a badge of honour. It wa8 fascinating to be lectured by repreoentativee of countries unwilling to test their own peoples * views. So many representatives who are Paladins of freedom and democracy and who speak out’againet the perpetcation of violence and on behalf of political pluralism would be more convincing if they prt those principles to work at hoIpe tnctead of perpetrating violence on their Wn people. They might very well put their devotion to liberty to the te8t by permitting genuinely free electiono. In that connection, what w heard from the representative of Ghana was, to use his own word, ObfUScatiOn. A number of speaker8 have chosen to quota articles from the free American press Ln support of their position. The American pre88, fortunately, is quite free to say anything it wishes e This must be quite difficult for many of those who attacked my country to understand. Their press is free only to praise their Gover naente, We are proud that in our country people are free to oppose* without Peer, our Government. This is a right denied the citizens of many of the countries that have denounced the Unitid States here. t?o “public groups* that I know of have raised their voices in the Soviet Ulion against the policies of their Government. (Mr. Walters, United States) The representative of Cuba had much to say about us. I would simply point out rhat all one needs to do is to read the recently published memoirs of Armando Valladares, who spent 25 years in a Cuban gaol because of his beliefs. It is well to remember that more than 10 per cent of the population of Cuba has fled to my country to escape the terror and repression of the regime the Cuban representative represents. Nobody is fleeing from my country to escape terror and repression. Yesterday the Poreign Minister of Nicaragua accused my GoVerMWnt of lacking the gcourage” to appear before the International Court of Justice to present our case an Sandinista aggression in Central America. This shameless distortiar cannot go unanswered. My country ovailea itself of its right not to appear before the Court because the Court did not, and does not, have jurisdiction, and because the Court did not, and does not, possess co~tence to deal with the arisis in Central America. The reasons why this is so have been fully stated before , and I will not repeat them nuw. We have evidence of Sandiniota aggression. That evidence is conclusive and leavea no room for doubt. I referred yesterday to the mass of evidence on the WblPc record. That evidence is mnfirmed by intelligence information that, for obvious reataons, cannot be publicly disclosed. Thaee in my country who have Been it - including many in Congress who disagree with our Central American policies - have CQPB away fully convinced of the fact of Nicaragua’8 massive and continuing aggreasicn. Speaking of courage, where is the courage in Nicaragua’s depredations against its neighbours? Where is the courage in Nicarsgua’s abuse of the International Court of Justice t?or cynical political ends? Where is the cou:age in Nicaragua’s pecsistent deceptlone concerning its rmpmsibility for those matters? (Ht. Walters, United States) There has been much talk about what is going on in Central America. Maybe it is time we started to look at some hard evidence. We are told that Nicaragua was forced to develop its armed forces in response to the so-called ccntras. I have here a chart that I would like to display. As it shows, in 1980 Nicaragua already had the largest armed forces in Central America, well before the time that ever the Sandinistas claimed there were Contras operating against them. At that time Nicaragua enjoyed massive good will from all quarters, including the United States, and assistance with its reconstruction. firw much of that aid, we must wonder, was used instead to build up +nat military force? . It nhould also be noted that the first battalions of Sovietaada tanks ware arriving in Nicaragua by mid-1961, also before the rise of the demcratic resistance. The chart makes it clear that for wer five years the numbers of active-duty Nicaraguan eoldiezs - to say nothing of Nicaragua’s advantage in materiel - have remained well abwe those of any other Central American State by a very substantial margin, and, unless I am mistaken, Nicaragua has a smaller pDpl&tion than almost All the other countries of Central America. We are told that the Nicaraguan people have “freely chosen. their form of Governawnt, and that therefore the democratic resistance can be only mercenaries. Is that free and demmratic choice the reason why the sandinistas have found it necessary to PyIre than quadruple their priscn space in the past seven years? As the graph that I am now showing depicts , they have expanded the floor space of their priscme from same 20,000 square metres to nearly 100 000 square metres. They are not building and expanding those prisons because they wish to improve the prisoners9 living conditions - not when mu& of Managua still remains in ruins from the 1972 earthquake. No, it is efmply because they have not been able to cram any more people into the prisons they inherited from Somoza. (Mr. Walters, United States) We have heard that Wicaragua has nothing to do with the Salvadorian rebels, that it syapathises vith their goals, but is innocent of any concrete involvement in their actions. I am now shoving the shipping records of an ~-16 American rifler sent to Viet Nam in 1968. It was captured by the North Vietnamese in April 1975. It vas sent to Nicaragua fn 1980 or 1981, then smuggled to El Salvador by tbe Sandinistas. It vas captured from Salvadorian rebels on 27 July 1984. That ~-16 can easily be traced; here are its records: the shipping to Saigon, the date it was shipped and the serial number - 1125455. Now it turns up in El Salvador. Very interesting. That very u-16 is available for vieving in the lobby of the united States Mission. 80, too, is a Vietnamese mortar sight, with the instructions in Vietnamese on it. It was made in the late 1970s and modified for um on united States-made weapons. That mortar sight was captured in ~1 Salvador in May 1984. There are also Bulgarian rifle rounds, vhich somehov drifted into El Salvador by somet mysterious route - clearly through Nicaragua. iiav such items get to ~1 Salvador va6 demonstrated last 7 December, when a Soviet-tie Lada automobile crashed in ftonduras en route from Nicaragua to El sslvatfor. The photo9raph that I am now displaying shows tbe equipment that vas hidden in Cunningly constructed compartments in the car, mny of them in the wheel wells. It shows the 7,000 rounds of ammunition, 21 grenades, 86 blasting caps, 12 radios, $27,400 in United States currency and 39 computer-generated code pads for use in corPrPunicating between the PMM and its headquarters back in Nicaragua. All that was contained in one small automobile. Much of the material wae wrapped in copies of Barricada, the official newspaper of the Sandinista Front. It was all welded into secret compartmenta, skilfully constructed to be undetectable until the car was taken apart. The driver, a member of the Costa Rican Communist Party, confessed the car had been loaded in Managua. (Hr. Walters, Ut.ited States) Some of the material found in the Eada, including o Soviet grenade and same of the ammunition, is also availablo for viewing at the United States Wiseion. LrJokily for El Salvador, those items never reached the guerrillas for whuu they were intended. I might recall that all four of the countries involved in ehipping those item to the Salvadorian guerrillas - Nicaragua, Viet Nam,. the Soviet Union and Bulgaria - Leave at tide series of meetings leaped to condemn “United States aggression”. Can it be that they are trying to divert our attention? I have referred today to only a very small portion of the evidence demonstrating what Mcaragua really stands for in Central America. There $8 a great deal awe where that came from. I invite the memhere of the Council to visit the united States Wiseion to view the evidence I have mentioned in a great deal mote detail than I can show in this Chamber. I also have a video tape in which several Salvadorian guerrilla leaders explain their dependence on Sandinista-supplied arms and other support, and describe how the material was provided to the& (Mr. Walters, United States) We have seen that Nicaragua has carried out an unprecedented and unnecessary military buildup, haa represoed its own people and has provided concrete, lethal assistance to the Salvadoran guerrillas after all the talk we have heard about respecting legally constituted Governments. No amount of words will change that. Besides, they have told us “Revolucibn sin fronteras”: the revolution has no frontiers. The PRESIDEHP: i call upon the representative of Ghana, who has asked to speak in exercise of the right of reply. p. GRRHO (Ghana): I never thought that the time would come for any delegation to exercise its right of reply against any other speaker in the Council, especially a permanent member. But all member8 of the Council no doubt listened to the words of the Permanent Representative of the United States - so# of which were Pitaleading and perhaps epoken slightly too much in the heat of the moment - on the subject of my earlier statement. I would do the United States delegation and the other me&em of the Council incalculable wrong were I to fail during such an important debate to Pet the record straight. Let me begin by alluding to the fact that disagreement with Dnit:ed States policy towards Nicaragua is not a monopoly of my delegation. Many other members of this Council have expressed such disagreement, even during the present debate. Indeed, many individuals of repute, including scholars, and renowned organisations have also openly differed with the Unite8 States Administration. We are surprised, therefore, that our refusal to underwrite violence and breaches of international law and order should excite 50 much emotion and vituperation. I wish to take thie opportunity to clarify the foreign policy of the Government of Ghana, which I serve and from which alone I derive my instructions. (Mr. Gbeho, Ghana) Since our independence, and under all Govcrnmants to date, the foreign policy of Ghana has been based on the concept and practice of positive neutralism. We lend M) automatic support to any country or Power; we always reserve the right to pronounce ourselves on each issue baaed on the evidence. Such neutralism reflects not dormancy but rather an active effort to help find solutions to international problems to the benefit of manktnd as a whole. 80 it is that our position on issues - be they issues of disarmament Or apartheid, of Nicaragua or Afghanistdn - has been consistent. We do not bow to 01 seek to please a country engaging in international wrongdoing just because we are a friend of that country. My delegation cannot and will not claim omniscience, but neither do we accept the implication that we do not know what we are about. If we are Wrong we shall apolcgize and learn from those who are wiser than ourselves. We do not now believe that OUK reluctance to applaud acts of aggression by the united States - acts wlrich, after all, millions of United States citizens and the Latin Amrican states have also disagreed with - conetitutee an offence against anyone. Reference was made to testing demcracy in countries around the globe. I take no issue with that reference. Let me only remark that perhaps Countries such a6 mine would have found it easier had we not been continually deflected from our political programme by initiatives engineered from outside our borders by powerful international colleagues. In any case, we accept no leeaons from those who took over 300 years to grant elementary rights to a sizeable proportion of their population. respect and admire all. We shall extend friendship to those who are prepared to reciprocate, but we will not be intimi4ated into a conspiratorial silence. (Mr. Gheho, Ghana) The Charter that hae endowed my country and my delegation with sovereignty is not owed to any Government , so we shall continue to defend our sovereignty no matter who dieagrees with us. We have spoken our mind; we shall continue to speak our mind and let our listeners draw their own conclusions.

The representative of Nicaragua has asked to speak in exercise of the right of reply. I call upon her now. Mre. ASTORGA GADSA (Nicaragua) (interpretation from Spanish): Once again the representative of the United Statea has tried here to justify his Government’s policy towards Nicaragua. Since 1981 the United States has been attempting to Show that Nicaragua ie a factor of destabilisation in Central America. Thus far, this hae been impossible to prove, and it will remain so, because there is no Nicaraguan intervention in the internal affairs of any Central American State. There ie a basic difference between the Government of the united States and the Government of Nicaragua. We are a country that respects the law, and we ,brought our case against the United States to the International Court of JUStiCe. There we presented evidence of United States aggreseion against my country and the *,various violations of international law committed by the United States in its ‘relations with Nicaragua. s (Ms. Astorga Gadea, Nicaragua) The Unitad States, on the other hand, becomes the acaumr, the judge and the executioner and attemPts to do jua tice, in accordance with its own interpretation, against a country - saying that it io &fending Central America frm a Cmmnirt invaaiar theough Nicaragua. I shall nw read out again article 2 of the judgement of the International Court of Justice - the article &ich reflects the Court’e opinion on the bited States allegation that my oountry is attacking other countries in Central Met im and that this is a justifiaaticm for ulited States polices (spoke in Ehglieh) . ‘Rejects the justificatiar of collective eelf-clefence maintained by the united States of lbrerica in connection with the military and paramilitary aCtiVitie8 in and against Nicaragua the subjeot of this cafaemn (cuntinued in Spanish) E’urtheramre, in ita judgemnt and sumning up* on pege 62, the Court refers as well to the Mitea States allegtiar concerning intervention by NLoaragua fn the internal affairs of El SalvaBor. In that reegect, the judges had before them various aerial photogre@s, a state mpartwnt dooument entitled “Revolution Beyond Our tlOtderem ani! another aerie of documents. On page 62 the Court ~tatee the following; bwoke in aglieh) “Despite all this, the Court finds itself able to CmUl~ that it etill reaains to be praved that any aid to the insurgents in El Salvador ie imputable to the authorities of Nicaragua”. (continued in Spanish) In paragraph 154, the Court states: (Ms. AReorga Gedea, Nicaragua) (woke in l%glioh) “Tha facts demoneUating the reality, actuality and extent of actions of the Nicaraguan Govarumant in aaterially supporting insurgency in El Salvador have baen sketched abwe and are presented in detail in the appendix to this opinion, paragraphs 28 to 188. Are those actions legally tantamouut to an armed attack by Nicaragua upon El Salvador? The Court, in a dacisian fumla!nen~l to this judgearent, has concluded that they are not”. (continuad in Spanish) I shall not refer to the various issues raised by the Unitea states representative. I would only remind the mired States Goverument that the imetuatiaral oomaunity has various mechanisms for the resolution of aispites: bilateral dialogue, the International court of Justice, the Security council, and 811 the other forums. There is never any justification for a declaration of war aud the waging of war against a countq. That is particularly true in this egedfio case8 where the united States has baen waging an unjust war of aggression against my country despite fts &ligation, as a Me&et of the waited Nations and a mtmbar of the 8ecurity Council, to resfrect the law. (kree agaiu, through its representative, I invite the unitad States GWetMPent to resuxa the bilateral dialogue with my country and to support Contedora effectively. If it believes that it has evidence in oonnection with our actions~ we invita it to btiug that WitknCe to the International Court of Justice, or to any other interuational organization that has ccmpetence in that respect. The PNBIDF2JT: The repreeentative of the Union of Soviet Socialist mpublics wfshes to speak in exercise of the right of reply and I now call on him. Mr. SAERONCHUK (Miar of Soviet Socialist Plepubliee) (interpretation fron Russian) t The Soviet delegation greatly regret5 that the representative of the United States 5aw fit to make slanderous attacks on several States riembers of the whited Nations in conaecticn with the consideration of ‘Nicaragua’s canplaint before the Security Council. It is clear that he needed these inventicns, and it is obvious to all Ulat the aim was to dfstract the Council’s attention from the e5calatiOn of United States aggression against Nicaragua. The United States representstive also saw fit to put on scme kind of a propaganda shau, obviously counting QL sensatiar. Such a cheap trick can hardly mielead the Security Council. Clearly, the UIitsd States repres-wrtetive has forgotten that he is speaking not on televisiar in the United States but, rather, in are of the principal organs of the Mited Nation5. A5 for the materids shcwn by the United Statee representative, such astetials have been and are being fabricated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with surpr is hg 5888. We knew that very well. lb ensure greater SfMSatio), the CIA agents who prepared these laaterials could wrep some of these article5 whid, they allegedly found in the Lada car in the newspaper Pravda, and not in the newspspsr i3arriceda. we would not be in the least surprised, because it ia well known that the CIA carries out all kinds of provocation and stop5 at nothing in spreading lies and slander. It if3 clear that thie verbal camouflage by the United stabs repr:escmtative is designed to hide the iPnperiali5t policy, the p&icy of neo-gl&aliam, aimed at suppressicn and enslavmnt and at undermining and SurJpreeeing national liberaticm movements and rdgimes that are not to the liking of the united States. Not too lang ago, the united State5 described Libya a5 a threat to its national security and carried out a bandit-like night attack On Libya. Before that, it had deemed the situation in Grenada to be a threat to its natitmal interests and had proceeded to occupy that uxm try. (Mr. Saf ronchuk, USSR) Now the threat to its national security comes from Nicaragua. Therefore, they are planning new &ta of aggression against Nicaragua and are issuing funds through legislation to equip, train and arm mercenaries , with whose help they wish to overthrow the legitimate Government of that country. Try as he will, the United States repreoentative will not be able to present se zealous supporters of democracy the Somaan out-throats, nor the mercenaries and bandits in Angola and MoscubiqUe, nor the ringleaders of apartheid, nor the American interventioniate and their hangers-on in Grenada. The essence of Waabington’e policy is utter contenopt for the generally tecogniaed norms of international relations; it is infringement on the national aowreignty of States. It is a historically doomed attempt to deprive people of ttm right to build their lives according to the dictate6 of their own cOnaCienCe~ No verbal acrobatics by the American representative can mask that golicy. The BRESIDBNT: There are no further speaker6 for thie IQ8etiIIg. The next meeting of the Sawrity Council to continue consideration of the item on the agenda will take place Wrrow, Thursday, 3 July 1986, at 10.30 Barn* The meeting rose at 6.15 p.m.