S/PV.2698 Security Council

The Security Council will i10w resume its consideration of the item on Its agenda. The first speaker ia L he representative of Algeria. T invite him to take a place at the Counci? tatle and to make his stat.emant. Hr. DJCUDI (Algeria) (interpretation froa French) t Hr. President, my delegation feelr geeat satisfaction at reeing you preside over the work of the Security Council during the month of July. Having had the occatrion many thee to rppreeiate your personal and profe8eional qualifications, it is indeed our conviction that you will lead our proceedings with competence and efficiency. P aleo wish to congratulate your predeceeeor, Mr. Blaiee Babetafika of Hadaga6car, for the exemplary way in which he presidei over this organ during the paot aanth. Once again the security Council ie eeiaed of the situation in Central Awrica. That region of the mrld together with a few othere euch a8 eouthern Africa and the Middle East, is in an unenviable poeition of constant deterioration. It represents a permenent threat to international peace and eecurity. The Council, which has met regularly to diecues the dangers preeented by each new wave of escalation, ie today called upon to deal with t.R, unforeseeable conmquencee of a new develmntt the United State6 decieion to authorize 8100 rillion in aid to the NiCareglUan counter-revolutionariee. (Mr. Djoudi, Algeria) This development not only threatens Nicaragua’s security, sovereignty and independence but is a source of grave concern to the international communty, which still has to contend with the policy of ‘brinksmanstip’, with an international environment marked by less and less international co-operation, and with the systematic challenge to the calming virtues of honest dialogue. In general, when there is no dialogue, when the rule of law itself is flouted, when confrontation deepens, the worst is yet ahead. Such is the case when a large country with many duties stemming from its unequalled econwic and military power is pitted against a small country which after a long struggle against dictatorship and oppression, legitimately aspires to exercise the sacred right to self-determination within the framework of its own freely-chosen political, economic and social system. That inalienable right of all peoples, which naturally derives from the united Nations Charter , has been reaffirmed in this case by the non-aligned countries, by the General Assembly, by the Security Council and, more recently still, by the International Court of Justice. This means that the attempted destabilization of the Government of Nicaragua, like all decisions and measures aimed at that objective, is contrary to international law, to the Charter and to the fundamental principles of non-interference in the internal affairs of States, non-use of force and the pecceful settlement of disputes. Such non-compliarxe with international obligations, such a breach of the fundamen?al rights of peoples, is utterly inadmissible. It call5 for international condemnat ion, since it runs counter to the work of peace and harmony undertaken by the Coptadora Gro;lp, which for three years, with remarkable perseverance, has ken endeavouring to promote that qoal. Indeed, the four countries which have Hr. Dfoudi, Algeria) wdutaltm that taric ham been keenly aware of the shared heritage and common deetiny of the Latin Mericm peoplea. They are convinced that there ie no l 1tetnative to dialogue if lwting paace ia to be brought to a region beset by endeaic aonfliat. In thim regard not only I&tin &aericar but the entire internatia\ol -unity i8 indebted ta #x&o, Venexuela, Colollbia and Panma. That original Group of cmuntriee dedicated to Central Aaerican eolidar ity has now been &ug~nbd in order to gain graater auppurt from the nom-aligned countries and the intarnatimal mmunity in general. That initiative is still precarious, thWgh. mat the Cantadora Group must 60 now is ragidly consolidate its position and purme Ptr efforta with even greater vigmx. ~rmically, the recent events take place at the very tima when the Contadaa GKOUQ im mt in need of decieive euppott to a&iave auoceea. One cannot but shaze the fWliJtg Of daep ccmcern exprouued by the MinPetera of Foreign AffaiKS Of the Cmbdora GKOUQ on 26 Jme lmst and by the Co-ordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned tbuntriea on the 30th of &at em amth. MOIria, linked to the poop186 of Latin America by natural bmds of solidarity and of 8truggle for the advent of an order of pewa and justice, Oteadom and pKOQre@m, sharea their atncecn over the refusal to give dialogue and peaoe a .chance. Algeria andatseo 61s decieiona of the Csneral Aesetdly and the Security C~uncil$ we call for a resumptiar of the Manaanillo talks be&em the United Statea and #icaragua, ae urg8d in paragraph 16 in the unaniumusly-adopted judgement of 27 Jme of the Int8cnational Court of Justice, which: remind8 both parties of their obligation to seek a solution to their 3ietxtee bv maceful means in aoccx&mca with intarnational l2v. (Mr. Djoudi, Alger la) Algeria alpio call8 for a renewed steadfast and eincere eupport for the work of the nOv reaognised Cartadore Group, vhidr has beooae irreplaceable at this crucial Parent vhen it ie completing the drafting of an agreement for peace and oo-operation in Central Rmerica. Indeed, those who are able to do so murrt cantribute to the eucceae of the historic Contadora initiative, a truly consttuctive engagement. The Group ie near iU goal) let it conclude ite task. The BREBm)ENTt I thank the repreaentetive of Algeria for hi@ kind words addremmd to the presidency. The next epeaktr ie the repreeantative of Guyana. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. Mr. RARRAN (Guyana) : At the outset, Sir, I should like to state how gratified my delegation ie to see you presiding wer the work of the Council for the mnth of July. Your diplomatic skill, almg vith your good judgeloent and your knowledge of the vork of the Organisation and familiarity with the issues ticing the Council, have earned for you the high esteem of your colleagues at the United bhtion8. In congratulating you cm the aaemption of the presidency of the Council, may I say that my delegation feels very confibnt that the vork of the Couneil vi11 be effectively die&arged under your guidance. Fe.‘mit r also to pay tribute to your ptedeceeeor, hr. Blaise Wbetafika, Permanent Rspresentetive of tidagaecar to the ulited ations, for the efficient laQnnet in which he conducted the vork of the Council during the month of June. I also express my thanks to you, Ilt. President, and to the other nelabers of the Council for this a~rmnity O(IC?P A+ in tn apPak ahfile the grav0 concern of the Covecnment of Guyana with the very sensitive situation prevailing in Central Amer ica, (Mr. Kerran, Guyana) In&d, aa a State meatmr of the Latin American and Caribbean region, Guyana ir particularly disturbed by the dengeroua course of eventn in the region and particsllerly in reepect of Nicaragua. The trend we 6ae developing will led ta greater inetability in Central America b$th conaaquences for the entire Latin Amriean and Caribbean region. Condition8 in the region continue to deteriorate, with the aggravation of teneione and conflicts end the increase of foreign interference end aggreesion which threaten international peace and securitY. (HP. lbrran, Guyana) My delegation listened very carefully to the etstement mm40 in thie Cha*or two day ago by the EoPeign wintiter of Nicaraguat we listsned with simillar care end attention to the etitememt made by the representative of the mited Stetee. & ReMmro of the Security Council are well aware, Nicaragua first brou*t a emplaint to the Council in 1902, as the Coumil was reminded l ulier in thi0 deba-, this is the eleventh time eince then that Nicaragua haa felt ampelled to have reootxae to tbia boay. Central Roerica i6 engaged in a poaeae of internal chimge, a pocem that ie evolving against a backdrop of particular ecmomfc and social factoor. The people8 of thL mukeeggiar ue efxuggling for an iapraverimmt in the quality of their life and fez fuller participation in the political process. They are not rretug#ing to aeaire a strategic e&vantage for any outai& Peer 9?r to prove or 4Le~rove the supeciority or validity of any ideological world view. It irr dangeroue and mhelpful, therefore, to oierepzesent the domstic irpplleem for change in the aubtegim and to try to cast them in any other madd- It im exgbcbed that different States in the cub-regiar ehould choose diffecont develooglental paths and political strategies based on their respective hiertadm1 ewgltiencer and on their am parceptione of what transformations ace nemssuy and how tJmy can best be effected. ru we have oaid before, the true test of a coaitment to dmocracy in inticnstiorial re;aticns ia the ability to tolerata and the ability tc eschew innFetenc9 on ideological cmfosmity. The Security CoMcil ie meeting et the cequeclt of Nicaragua because of the disturbing eventa affecting the relationehir, between Nimuaaua and the mimd Stab38 Governnmnt. That requeet was prompted more especially by the recent aparclval by the CJnLted States House of &ppceeenativee of 9l.00 million in aid for the sc+-zalled contraa, an irreyulnr armd force fighting against the Govcrnarcnt Rlr . Karran, Guyana) of Niouagua. Thir Counoil must ask itself whether that recent Qcirion Can eMmnaa the peaat ~oceoo in Central Aaretica. In relations between States the principles of internatianaP law ue inviolate and mumt be 6czupuluusily respmhd. That is our arly guarantee of peaceful and atable relations among States. we would refer tn the Declaration on Principlea of fnbcnatimal Law asncerning Friemlly mlatiano and Ccwb~ratim amrrrg StsUe in awmlame with the Charter of the mited Nations, adopted in 1990 by the Gmeral k@tily, whi& stipulates that %o State or group of States ha8 the right to intervene, directly or hdireatly, for any reaam thataver, in the internal or external affairs of any other State. (X%WCWently, ormed intervention and all other forma of intufuenca or attempted threats against the peceonality of the state of ageinet its political, economic and cultural elements, are in violatim of interImtiara lew. Qo State may uee or encoutage the u8e of econanic, political or any other type of measucee to coerce another State in order to obtain frsll it the etidinatitan of the enercise of its savereia tights and to eeaxe from it aduantagee of any Rind.. (General Aase&ly reeolution 2625 (XXV), aMe%) The Declaratim on friendly relations also sets forth the principle that Bbtes shall eettle their intetnatiolral disputes by peaceful means in such a mmn*r that intarnaticnal peace and security end justice are not endangered. In 1981 tie General Aseetily adopted 1te Ileclaration on the InadxUiselbilfty of XntetVrr.tiar and Interference in the Internal Affairs of Statsm. That Declaratim 6Mts out in palticid language the duties caraprehended in the principle of non-intervention and mm-interference. Those duties include the following: (Mr. Karran, &wane) Vhe duty of States to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any form whatsoever to violate the existing internationally reoognized boundaries of another State2 to dierupt the political, eocial or eamomic order of other States, to averthrow or change the political system of mother State or it8 Government, to cause tension between or among States or to deprive peoples of their national identity and cultural heritage; -The duty of a State to ensure that its territory ie not used in any manner which would violate the swereignty, political independencer territorial integrity and national unity or disrupt the political ewncmic and social stability of another Stete . . . ; .The duty of a State to refrain from armed intervention, subvereicn, military occupation or any other form of intervention aud interference, cvert or wvert, directed at another State or group of Statee, or any act of military, political a econcanic interference in the internal affaiss Of another State , including act8 of reprieal involving the use of form; OThe duty of a State to refrain from any action or attempt in whatever form or under whatever pretext to destabbilize or to undermine the Stability Of another state or of any of its inetitutione; . . . . mThe duty of a State to refrain from organizing, training, financing und arming political and ethnic qroupa on their territories or the territories of other States for the prrpoae of creating aubve~sicm, disorder oc unrest in Other countries.. (General Aeeetnbly resolution 36/103, annex, para. 2 (11) 1 (Mr. Kerran, Guyana) That Declaration enjoys the total eupport of the melrent of Non-Migned Cololtfies, because its principles have historically been a cornerstone of that Movement. The Security Council, un&r Article 24 of the Charter, is entrusted with the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international pesce and security. In keeping with the relevant prwisions of the Charter, and in order to ensure the full implementation of the resolutions of the Organisation, this Council must determine in the light of the facts the measure8 that should be aibpted to guarantee the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Mebar Stetea and to ensure peace and security in the Cantrel Atuer ioan eegim. The grave nature of the present situation notwithstanding, my delegation nourishes the hope that there is still a chance fcr reason to prevail and for the voices of mderation to be heard wet the shrill clamour of intervention and belligerence. In that regard, recent decisions of the International Court of Justice in the case of Nicaragua against the ulited States are very relertant. MY delegatim makes a sdemn appeal for an end to all hostile actions and attitu&s towards Nicaragua and the Sandinieta revolution. We appeal for full teepe-t for the independence, swereignty and territorial integrity of Nicaragua and the other States in the Central Iblerican region. We appeal again for peace to be given a chance in Central her tea. In this amtext, (iuyana would like to express its appreciation and support fot the efforts of the Contadora Group and the support Group in their tireless search for peaceful eolutione to the crises prevailing in Central America. We hope that the reviiaed Contadore iwzt on Peace and Co-operation in Central Arserice will be implemented with the least possible delay arid that all States will co-operate in order to ensure the realfzation of the Longing and the right of the peoples Of (Mr, Ibrran, ciuvana) The probless of CmtCal Auerica aso not OUBaptible of l ilitary oO~utiOM. There is a need for genuine negotiation and dicloe\e. WI enoouragm the tlniud Sbteo Gavetmmnt to accept Nicaragua’s offer to femme their oartact@ and to fm*k to resolve their differences by peatsful yens. The PRE?SIDENT~ I thank the repreemtative of Guyana for the kind wcrd8 he addressed to me. The next waker is the repreeentative of Yugorlavie. I invite hia to take a place at the Council table and to make hio otatament. Mr. WLMC (Yugoslavia) : I should like first to congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for the month Of July. Your diplomatic skill and experience will, I am sure, greatly contribute to the successful work of this important body. I also avail myself of this opportunity to congratulate your predecessor, Ambassador Blaise Rabetaf ika of Madagascar, for his successful and inspiring guidance of the Council during the month of June. The attack on the freedom and independence of any nation and any country threatens the freedom and independence of all. It ha6 been proved time and again that interference in internal affairs rnd the imposition of foreign will cannot contribute to the solution of problems between States , much less to the improvement Of international relatione in general. On the contrary, they can only exacerbate those relations and thus reduce the prospects of finding solutions for the pi’oblems tha: burden them. This hae aleo found adequate reflection in the decision of the International Court of Justice handed down on 27 June. Nicaragua is exposed to political, military and wonomic pressures aimed at undermining ita independence and sovereignty. Thie has now been going on for Years, and it has prevented the people of Nicaragua from fully devoting itself to its own development. It is indispensable to recognize that Nicaragua, along with all other countries in the world, has the right to independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity and to a life in peace without pressure, interference and intervention. The right of any and all States Members of the United Nations to These are basic principles of the Zharter as well as of the pl.icy of non-a?ignfnent. They also proviie the basis for the solution offered by t-he (He. Djokic, YuqNavia) Contadoea Group and the %u@uet Group. Thu solution they offer &ddeem#S thm root caumem of the peoblam in Central Araerica. It takes into account the inteeemte of all countries of the Kegion. Aowevee, we are faced taay with a egAealling deterioration. A policy ir being putsued that is deteimntal ts the efforta to find a solution for Central America. That p~ticy is jeoperdizing the sincere and oeeioue effort8 of the Contadora GKOUP ati the Support Group. At 0 time when rPaeioue effort@ are being arade to find genuine molutions to the peobleme of Central Anreeica , the decieion hae bgen taken to render financial ati military aid to the anti-Sandinieta fOKCeQ. That decieion not only meeiouSly hampeee the peace efforts of the Contadora Group: it ale0 conetitutee a tlangeroue precedent and an overt act of interference in the internal affairs of an independent country. We hope that the decision on financial and feilitaty aid to tha so-called conteae will not tmcme legally wlid and that the intereats of peace in the eegion of CentKal AmeYiCa will pKeVai1 baeed on the Contadota proposale and on respect foe the principles of the United Natione Charter. Yugoelavia ha8 always, been courmitted to political molutions through dialogue and negotiations. We welcome and support every initiative aimed at reducing teneione and opening ttta proepecte for negotiations, to achieve genuine peace and security in the region. The countries of the Non-Aligned Novement, abiding by the principles of non-alignment, are convinced aupportere of the Contadora Group. They have alwaY@ been the firmest supporters of independence for all. peoples, including the Nicaraguan people c They strongly reaffirmed that eupport at the meeting of the Co-ordinating Bureau of Non-Aliyaed Contries held on 30 June. A lasting Bolution to all crime can be Achieved only by politics1 meAnA, through negotiations. In the caAe of Central Americs, the basis for the eolution should be eought in the peace initiative of the Contadora Group, which reflecte the genuine aapiratione of the countrieo of Latin America tOWArd fndependence, sovereignty and the right freely to decide on their own developent. All those who eincerely viah for pesce and security in the region should give their full eupport to those endeavours. The PPES1DEuPt I thslnk the representative of YU~O~~AV~A for his kinds words aaareesed to the preeidency. The next spesker ie the representative of the Libyan ArAb Jamahiriye. I invite hio to take a place At the CoUncil tAble and to make his etstement. Mr. AZZARDVR (Libyan Arab YAmahiriyA) (interpretation from ArAbiC): It give8 me grest pleemte to entem!l to you, Sir, our hesrtfelt congrAtulAtions And sincere best wiehee upon your Aoeumption of the presidency of the Security Council for the current month. We are fully confident that you will guide the work of the Council with your OUAtAf%ding Ability And well-known WiedoK~, objectivity At-d pereeversnce. It ~leo gives me great pleAsure to exprees our Appreciation And gratitude to your predecessor, Ambeseador Rsbetafiks, the cepreeentetive of friendly UA~A~A~CAK, for the exeqlary manner in which he successfully conducted the Council*e work in the month of June. For three years the situation in Central America has been on the Agenda of the General Assmably of the united Hations. That reflecta the degree of concern felt by the international commmity over the deteriorating situation in Central Allh?f ha. The security Council has already adopted resolution 562 (1985), which contain8 a clear and unambiguous reaffirmation of the InaUenable right of Nicaragua and other State6 freely to decide their own political, economic and Wcial aysteme free frorr, outside interference, subversion, direct or indirect (Mt. Aztarouk, Libyan Arab Jamahiriva) coercfon or threats of any kind. In spite of that resolution, Nicmragua is still bring subjected to continual eta of subversion and aggresaion by rebel gangs that enjoy the full orrpptlrt and aasistsnce of the United States of America. It is truly ironic that the united States of America should be Giolatfng the custmary norma of international law and the principles of the United Nations Chartor on tha pretesct on the pretext of collective eelf-defence, the 861116 pretext it invokes elsewhere in the world against any State that falls victim to direct Aserican aggression and blatant intervention in its internal affairs. WC. Astarouk, Libyan Arab Janahir iya) Indeed, the united Statea claimed that it wao acting under Article 51 of the Charter uhen it launched its brutal act of aggrearion against the territory of ny awntry. The highest judicial body In the world, the International Court of Justice, haa refuted that claim by the United Statec. The Couet, ib one of ita moat important judgewnta, categorically rejected the pretext used by the United Statea aa juetification for United Statea military ectiVitie6 againet Ricaragua. The Court alao deci0ed that the United States, by training, arming, equipping, financing and supplying the contra gang8 and aupporting and aiding them against loicaragua, haa acted, against the Republic of Flicaragua, in breech of ita obligation under cuetcmary international law not to intervene in the affairs of another Btate. Ueepite that judgement handed down by the highest judicial body in the world, the United State6 perslate in playing ite self-appointed role de policeman of tho uorld. Pot that feaaon, it ha0 rejected the judgment of the International Court of Justice, just aa it hae rejected the colapclmry jutiedication of that body. Ao the International Court of Juetice hea eaphasieed, thie role of self-appointed policeman of the wxld being played by the Unlted Btatea hae no legal barie or international legitimacy under the Charter. Yesterday in this ChafiQmt YB all heard a voice from Latin AmsCiCa - that of the representative of Venezuela, known for his objectivity. Re said: . . . . the delegation of Venezuela finds it regrettable that the United States -m-L ---__ GOvernment has decided, to persevere in cotiuct rirkh ;G iiit&iib'iGt:~ w,,Lrail to international law and vhlch, far from promoting the cause of peace in Central Aaer icil, can only contribute to increawd tension in the aream. (S/W.2694, p. 43) (Mr. Assarouk, Libyan Arab Janahir iya) The internatlonml -unity ham pronounced iteeAf in Security Council reeolutim 562 (1985) and in the judgelrient of the International Court of Juetice, TRe nations of Latin Anetiom ace loudly calling for an end to intervention in their internal sffeits. But the Unite4 Stats8 does not want to respond positively to the Security council remolution or the judgement of the International Court of Just ice. It doea not even want to heed the voice of Latin America, because the exarciisa of terrorin ham becare a doctrine of the erecutive orgsn of the United Btatem. The deoision by the united State@ Roume of Representativea on 25 Yune to approve the prwimion of $100 milliom to the gsngo of ntercenariee in Nicaragua is hat o-ne link in the chain of aggres8iw policies pursued by the United States Adniniotration againet Nicaragua. The United State8 had already earmarked a BUUI of $27 nillion for finencing activities deoigned to overthrow the legitimate Goverment of Ricaragua. That sum had been appropriated in the context of mo-called hunanitarien ammimtance - a euphemies used to conceal the real object-vee sought by the United States by neans of the provl.sion of such funds. The United St&em ham been conmtsntly engaged in military IBdnoeuvres along the borders of NiCarbgUa. The main objective of tbome rwkxuvres has been and still ie the eetablish&Eent of a military structure that could provide the Contras with a rear -- guard and the neeeeeaary fecilitiee to undertake a direct invasion of Nicaragua, ehould they decide to do mo. The United Statem Congress ham alreedy apptwited a request by the Preeident of the united statae to provide trcwp trmnapnrt~; holfcon*-- r_nA Q-J-.~-~(--*-A c ---- --~-.--m-“-w..- corrpunication eouipnent to the mercenaries. Things have reached the point where the rebels have been provided by the United States Adminietration with surface-tc+air miosilas. The United States Administration still goes on denying (Hr. Astatouk, Libyan Arab Jamahir iya) that it Ime provided such mphieticated weapuno to there gangs of mercenaries which for the prmt four yeare have devoted themselvee to the eystematic killing of children, wumenr the aged and innocent farmers. Nicaragua has repeatedly etated that it is prepared to enter into a fruitful, 8erioum dialogue with the United States. Zt has aloo stated its acceptance of the Ccmtadorr Act and its willingness to co-operate with the Contadora Group. It welamed the Panwe Dsclaration. But despite all the peaceful efforts made by the Government of Iicaragua, there ha8 been no positive response by the United states. Ricarague is still confronted by the deliberate intention to comit aggression and to weethrow ita progreseive tdgime. The approval by the United Statee Rouse of Representatives of $100 million for t& mrcenary gangs is but a link in the chain of plots hatched by the United Statea AdminLattation againot taicatsgua and the other countries of Central America. The Jalahiriya feels thet these practice8 engaged in by the United States are conttaty to the principle8 of the Charter and to the jmlgement of the International Court of Justice. It feels alw that theee prmztices constitute a threat to peace and security in Central Amttica. in ow view, they constitute an wet of aggreeeion against the pmplea of Latin Aaerica and are pert and parcel of the united States policy of terrorism againet mall nattone. In our opinion, theoe pteseures and practices b the United States must be viewed in the context of the United States policy designed to sow terror and intimidation all over the world an4 to threaten the peace end security of the sail, third-varld nations. The action6 taken by the United States Administration against Ricaregua are hut one link in the cnain of United States plicies designed to subject peoples to United States domination and hegemony. (Hr. Amarouk, Libyan Arab Jamahir iya) This ie not idle talk by the Jamhiriya. The Jamahiriya bases itself on first-hand experience, since, like Nicaragua, it ia subjected to blackmail and thteate. We in the Jamahiriya have even been eubjected to direct United States aggreseion by air and eea. Indeed, parts of the united States fleet are still deployed off our ehoree. The JaRahiriya is especially conscioue of the sericusness of the threats confronting Nicaragua. Hence, we call upon the Security Council to execciee the powere vested in it by the Charter in order to put an end to the arrogant policy of blackmail an8 force pursued by the United States all over the world, including Latin America, Africa, Aeia and the Mediterranean. The international judiciary has pronounced itself. It is uow for the Security Couucil to shoulder ite reeponaibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, before the region slips into a devastating war in which the cannon fodder will be innocent human beinge.

I thank the representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyr for hie kind words addreseed to the presidency. Mt. ALLEWE (Trinidad and Tobago) t It is a great pleasure, Sir, to see you once agein presiding over the proceedings of the Council. Your tact, broad experience, fair-mindedness and diplomatic skill aseure ua that our affsirs are in goad hands. Permit me aleo to extend congratulations and thnnks to our friend and brother, Ambassador Blaiee Rabetafika of Madagascar, for the excellent and delicate touch with which he eteered anG conducted the work of the Council during the month of June. The matter before the Council is one on which it ha8 focused its attention on rpsny occaaione. It concern6 Central America. It concern8 a conplaint by Nicaragua that a member of the Council ie financing the arming of irregular forces to interfere in the internal affair5 of Nicaragua - in euch a wayI hcwever, as to threaten the very existence of that Government. At a time when the energies of the nation6 of Central &aerica ehould be wholly devoted to the arduoue process of develapeaent , and the emelioration of their well-being, there now threaten5 further economic deetruction and privation, with c?oneeauent eocial upheaval. The illegality of State action giving support to irregular forces ae a means of interfering in the internal affairs of another has long been eetabliehed. The International Court of Juetice, which wa8 8etaed of t& inetant caee, has pronounced on this principle in the wntext of Central America and hae given ite jut3gement. In its decision of 26 June 1986 the World Court held, inter alia, thst the ..--l-l-- ---I-- --.a--l-^ r‘orllrlry, arrur,y, lzyYltayil*y, L,----‘-- --A r..-l.r4m.. ..‘ r-halo 4s~ 4n hrasmh nF m L CI.I‘lb *..y U.... “&q...I -..> -* _” ---- -- -.. -- ---.. - - State’s obligationa under international law - obligatione not to intervene in the affairs of another State. (Hr. Alleyne, Trinidad and Tobago) The uuderlying principle that confer6 binding force on customary rule0 Of internatiOoa1 law is one aouording to which the general will of the international cfmaunity must prevail, with the duty of all States being to confora to that will a0 expressed in custorpary rules of international law. In the instant case, the decisions of the World Court deeming the training, arming, financing and supplying of rebels 9s illegal must - I repeat: taut - ba respxted, the ultimate rationalizatim for the binding force of the World Court’s decieian of 26 June being that States are agreed that order, not chaos, is the gwerning principle of international relations. Further, the founders of the United Nations and its constituent units did not intend theirs to be an exercise in futility. m, the inheritare of these great invaluable institutions - the Security Council and the International Court of Justice, for example - must not act in such a manner as to bring them into dierepute. We must not so ill-uee them that they cease to px sue the international public interest. Our cbliwtion is to seek not a military but a peaceful solution of the soluti0n of the situation in Central America. m delegation is convinced that the framework for thie already exists as a result of the efforts of the CcmtaQra Group and the Support Group. In this connection, we regard a speedy conclusion and general acceptance of the Act m Peace and Co-operation in Latin America, &awn up by these Groups as being imperative for a peaoeful solution of the situation. The Governmmt of Trinidad and mbago has consistently given ite support to LLfi^-L-A--- ----- *Iv ubaILw”cAa -GC yroG;icie. iie bsiieve tiat tie icntacicxa peace process itoicis out the only realistic hope of a just equitable and peaceful resolutlm of what is in essence a regional conE1Lct. My delegation is convinced that the frarwwork for a pacefu1 settlement already exists as a result of the efforts of the Cmta&xa (Mr. Alleyne, Trinidad and Tobago) Group and the Support Group. The urgent mplementation of the recently concluded ContaBora tat cn Peace and Cmqetatian in Central America ia essential to the restoration of peace and stability in the Central American region. My delegaticn is fully aware of the complexity of the situation in Central America, a situation Which will mly be exacerbated by any recourse to military me8wreo and solution& We therefore call upon all the States comer ned to exercise restraint, to resume the dialogue between them, and to put a halt to all fOram of interference in the internal affair6 of the countries of the Central Mecican regim. It ie rely by these measures that the patient and determined effocte of the Conta&r:e Group over the pact three yeare can be successful end peace and atability eatabliehed in Central metica in a climate of truet. Above all, we Call upon all the partiee to accept and to act according to the findings and judgementts of the International Court of Justice.

I thank the representative of Trinidad and ‘Lbbago for his kind words addteeeed to the presidency. The next epaket ie the repreeentative of Afghanistan. I invitot him to take a place at the Council table and to make hiB statement. Mr. ZARIF (Afghanisten): I wish at the outBet, Sir, ta congratulate you cm Your asaunption of the presidency of the security Council for the month of July and to wish you every suazeea in the f;llfilment of your very responsible duties. I should also like to py a warm tribute to your predecessor, the Perament %presentative of the Deeratic &p;blic of Madagascar, APbassadot Blaise Flabetafika, *hose tact and diligence as an experienced and distinguished diplaaat tlp)re so vfpible in the course of his leadership of the council lest month* Tbraorrw, people all o-/er the United States will celebrate the aflfiiV@rsacy of (Mr. eat if, Afghanistan~ take great pride. That pride is fully justified in view of the otruggle waged by the forefathers of this nation to liberate themeelves from British oolonial rule. &t ie the present thited Statea Mministsation abo entitled to share in the pride of the llrperican people? We strongly believe that it ie not., for it has betrayed the letter and spirit of the Unitad State8 oecletation of Independence. The mited States Wministratian, through its imperiali8t policy of aggrest3i~. interventiar, blackmail and pressure, has sought to deny peoples in various parte of the world uhat the kmerican people have fought for and mainteined so eloee to their hearts - the right to self-determination and national independence. A glance at the chronology of the Unitsd States imperialist policies and practioee, particularly those of the present Adminietratian, brings to broad daylight the undenieble fact that the beclaratian of Independence has hem tabbed of its eesenea and pbilaophy by the very same thugs rho proclaim themselves to be its guardians. In pureuit of their illueive atiitione for world domination, the unibsd Stataa ruling circlsa have stopped short of no dirty and evil mans that could aatimfy their vile lust for unoonditiaral supremacy. They have arragsted to themeelves the right to iseue wanton threats, to hatch criminal plots, to draw and implsment plans for politics1 destabilisation, to enact ewnoudc blocka&m, to launch piratic aerial and nsval attsdts, to wtsblish, orgeniae, finance, train, equip, arm, and usemercenary leglam, to land their fmr ines and to wage full-fledged war B againat my nation rhich dares to opt for an indepuhnt course in its daeeatici and fMei* policies. Wt. Zarif, Afqhanistan) United State8 imperialism has proved tirm and again that it recamises no mural or legal boumlary in the implementation of those policiee. It has ehown it8 utter uonteapt for the rule of law and order in inter-state conduct and relations. It stands guilty of grave breaches of the taoat fuudauental principles of international law. It ie liable for it8 arrogance in repeatedly disregarding world opimion and the judgetaent of the international coumunity. Henceforth the current debate in thie Council cannot be centred on a eingle sot th8t sheds 8ome additional light on the true nature of imperialism. The approwal of $100 nillim by the united State8 Rouse of Repreeentatives to aid gang8 of mrCmarie8 of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) only unveil8 WI open W2Cret ~rtaining to the nature of United State8 iraperialiQU. Wowever, it is eignificant ina8mwh as it demomtratee without any element of doubt the stark brazenneae with which this nature is transleated into actions. By now the international community ie all too familiar with what iRpetialism l t8nd8 for and aaunt to. Neverthelese, it finds it difficult to get accuetomed to the abominable and morally bankrupt manner in which iuperialiet policies are debated and carried out under the diegueting fagade of legia?ative proceduree. At time one ponders whether there still remains a lower standard of morality. Through Mr. Miguel D*l%x?oto Brockmann , the Foreign Pllnister of Nicaragua, ue listened attentively to the voice of the valiant people of Nicaragua who are fighting with admirable courage and determination to safeguard their hard-won victories against the criminal cut-throats and terroriete whom the Heed of the United States Adminietration calfe his brothers. Raving toppled the blood-thlcaty Swza rdgirae throuqh its popular revolution, the Sandinist Revolutionary CXwernment of Nicaragua has embarked on the path Gf establishing a truly demmratic, independent, prosperous and just scciery. (Hr. 2ar if, Afghanistan) Since crnaing to powerr the Revolutionary Government of Nicaragua has repeatedly etated itdl desire to develop and strengthen ftieridly relation8 with all countries of the world, including firet and foremost its neighboura. It Rae taken concrete steps towards overcoming the problems that exist in its relations with those counttiee. The supreme goals of the Revolutionary Government were however challenged by the crime8 of the CIA-created bmde of err-Somocietee who, on instructiona ftaa the United States Central Intelligence Agency, resorted to the most violent meanr in order to prevent the coneolidation of the revolution, inflicting vast ecomnic and humer losees on Ricaragua. With a view to justifying its illegal undeclared war against Nicaragua, the United States riehee us to believe that the united States haa fallen an innocent victim to the Saudinieta Goverment. It has levelled unbridled accueatione againat the Revolutionary Government of Ricaragua, but time hae proved the baeeleesneee of theme ats0ertione. The must recent judgesmnt of the international community wae spelled out in the ruling of the International Court of Justice in vhich the United States wall found guilty on 15 COUiltO of violating international law. The score8 of 8tatea8ente delivered in the Security Council during the current debate and the other 10 held previously on this situation are other clear-cut and vivid demonetcationo of world public opinion. The fact.6 ace too well known and compelling to be swept under the rug. The aggremaor stands condemed, ad no effort can bide thet reality. As far as the Deauxratfc Republic of Afqhanisten is concerned, imperialfm anA it8 undeclared ware are part of our historical and recent experiences. WC have every reason to feel outfielvee in full solidarity ulth our brothers and sisters in Nicaraqua. We support their just struggle to defend themselves against the most nmnstrws impcialiat Power on earth. We hail their patriotism and courage. (Mr. Zarif, Afqhanistan) We aleo praicle’the efforts of the Ccmtsdora Group and the Support Group for Pinding a practical solution to the problems in Central Fucierica. With equal force, we candemn the United Statse for its policy of state terrorlem and acts of outright banditry. The PREBIDIPJT: I themk the repreeentrrtive of Afghanietsn for the kind words he addressed to the presidency. The representative of Nicaragua has a8ked to be alladed to speak, and I call am her. Mre. ASlORGA GADER (Nicaragua) (interpretatim from Spanish): After having heard all the countciee which have contributed to this debate, we sincerely hope that the united States of America hee heard the voice of the world expreeeing cavern wex the eituation in Central America. we hope that it has heard the call to dialogue and oonciliatfar made by members of the Council and representatives of other countries Nedmre of the uIited Natione. we hope that it has heard that the uBe or threat of u8e of force against another State violate8 international law. We hope that it hae heard that to create, arm, finance, direct and train mercenary toroe for ufie against NfcaraQua , as well as the recent apprwal of BlOO milllar for thee same groupa by the United States House of Repreaentstivea, ie not mly a ViOlathn of and contrary to the principlee of the Cmtadota Group, but detrimental to it6 pence effortis. We hope that it has heard the dangers to Central AcPecica inherent in a oontinuaticm of its policy of aggreseiar against our country. we hope that it will heed the judgement of the International Court of Justice and that it will desist from its illegal war of aggressian against my country and thm make it possible to create the miniarm cmditiona for peace fn Central America, wrmolidate democratic regimes there, and foetec the ewnomic and social developarent of our regfm. We. Astorga Gadeao Nicateq~) Par itf3 part, Nicaragua reaffirlpe itr, camitmt31t to peace, ite reepect for the nor.afI and principles of international lav, and ita etee¶faaplt vi11 to defend itself agaimt foreign aggreeeim. It sleo expreoeee ite support for Contadora and it8 readiness to reeum bilateral dialogue vith the United States on the basis of equality and mutual reepeot leading to the normliaation of relations between Our amntriei3. Ue hop that LeaEm and vie&m will prevail over brute force and a lack of viadan. We viah also to expsesss thanke for the eoliderity shown to Nicaragua in the Council; it helpe us to pereevere for our eowereimty, idependence and l elf-determlnatian and for peaoe in Central America. The PRESIDENTr I call on the representative of the United states, do baa asked ta speak in exerciee of the ri#t of reply. Mr. IMt4EftMN (United States of America) a My delegation finds it eaaevhat iraria that the representitlbve of Nicaragua continues to attempt to portray Nicaragua as the innocent victim of aggreoeicm from the outside. The facts are otherwise. Since taking per in 1979, the sandinista regime has intervened oontinually and masefvely in the affairs of its naighbours in Central America. The eloquent statement of the Permanent lbpresentative of El Salvador in this debate has borne witness to that intervention. As for the etateutants made earlier in the day by the represenUtive of Iran, I would only express the hope that his eloguence would also be addreeead to the immediate concerns 3n his part of the world, where the largest toll of hvman life is now being taken. It would be appreciated if he would appear before the Council to explain why thie carnage muet continue in his part of the world. My delegation also finds it curious that the representative of me of the moSt notot ious practitioners of Stata terrorism, the representative of Libya, should speak of terrorism before this Council. No reference to Libya would be camplete without nrentian of that oourtry’s repeated attadte on innocent natitmale of other oountrie8. Scores of individuals fraa Europe , the thited States, other North -erican end WQeetern hemisphere corntries as well am citiaens of the Arab uor ld have fallen victim to Libyan terrorism. The international community hau awakened to the danger of Libyan earroriom. At the recent eunmrit meeting of the indus tr ial ized democracies in Tokyo , note was taken of thie danger and the ne&ats of the Summit Seven, as well as many others, have taken nearutee to oounter it. In conclusion, on the occasion of the Indepsndence why of uy country, 1 hould ,,L- L^ -------- LG rL- --------L-L.--- ^L .az--L-I-L-- &L-L L^ A a.,- A*..= C” slryr e.TaP CI1C r-z~..s*~LI-C*“C “a. nAyrrmlrIPC4LL ti.f; GiSki uaoc LIT Giiu II*- ~:~tntrymen could 1Lberate themselves from their colonial master8 and join tha ranks of the truly free peoplee of the world. I find it fitting that the representative of Afghanistan uses the word “bloodthirsty”. Given what his Government has inflioted on the unfortunate pople of hie oowtry ainc# moelbet 1979, he knows whereof he speak& The PRESIIMSJT~ There are no further apekerr on y llet for this meeting. The next meeting of the Sgcurity council to cmtinue tha conaiderstlon of the item cm the agenda will be fixed in ameultatians with w&~erm of the Comcil. The amtina co8e at 9.0s p.m.