S/PV.2701 Security Council

At the outset I should like to point out that it is not in the tradition of the Security Council to have the proceedings in this Chamber interrupted by Public demonstrations of any kind. As President I will not therefore permit any such occu.:ence~ in the future. ADOWION DF TBE AGENDA The agenda was adopted. LRTTSR DATED 22 JULY 1986 FROM TIB PFRMANSNT RBPReSENTATIVE OF NICARAWA 'AD TRE UNITED NATIOW ADDRBSBD PO TIE RIESIDEJT OF T&iE SBCURITY CDUNCIL !s/18230) The PRESIDENT% In accordance with the decisions taken at the 2700th m-t&l, I invite the representative of Nicaragua to take a place at the COUnzil table) I invite the representative8 of Cuba, Democratic Yemen, El Salvador, India and the Uksainian Soviet Social&k F&public to take the places reserved for them at the eicle of the Council Chaubar. At the invitaticn of the Presibnt, Mrs. Astorga Gadea (Nimragua) took a place at the Council table; Hr. Oramm Oliva (Cuba), Hr. Al-Ashtal (Defrocratic Yemen), Hr. Meaa (El SalVa&r), Mr. Krl8hnen (India) and Hr. Ou&wenko (Dkrainten Soviet Socialist Igpublic) took the placea reserved for them at the side of the Cotmcil Chder. The PRP8IDlWFr I should like to inform members of the Council that I have received letters frw the representiltives of Czechoslovakia, the Syrian Arab bpublic and Viet Ram in which they request to be invited to participate in the discussion of the item on the Council's agenda. In conformity with the usual practice, I pfmse, with the consent of the Council, to invite tilbee repcasentatives to participate in the discussion, without the right to vote. in accordance with the relevant prwfsims of the Charter and rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of ptocedurs. There being no bbjection, it is 80 decided. At the invitation of the President, Mr. Rulawiec (Caechcelcvakia), Mr. Al-Atassl (Syrian Arab 13epublic) and Mr. Buixum Nhat (viet N-1 tOOk the placeo reserved for them at the side of the Council Chalaber.

The Security Comcil will now remme consideration of the item on its agenda. The first speaker ia the representative of the United States, upon whom I nw Call. Mr. WALTERS (United States of &aerica)r I would just etate at the outset that when I left this muzntng no dlacourtaay was intended to My of the epeaka6. I left becauee I had been designated the Unit8d States principl representstive at the funeral of Aver&l Elatriman, for &ma I myself had waked a nu&er of year6 and had great regard. I would simply ad6 that1 do not believe there will be any problem with applause at the end of my a~tamnt. I have not pdred the gallery. We areasesllbledm~ again tpdiacua8 the eiwatim in Niorrragua. Thin is me twelfth time thst@licaraguahaa called for a &cusity Co~silmeeti~. Uo*era will recall that the aetenalble teaear for thts ae8sian - the reoent ruling by the Internatiml Court of Justice - was ale0 the reascm that Nicaragua convdced the Council earlier thi5 mntb. The ulited States ytelhr to no naticm f.n tta maitmmt to international law. lb Maher of the fhited Nation6 ha6 a sttcmgu or larger record of respect and . eupport for the peaoful reaoluticm of dieputea in accord with the United Naticne Charter end other sources of international law. we are certA inly not prepared to take lesaone in international law from Nicaccrgua , (. wuntry whid? as a matter of deliberate State policy has consistently viobted international law, includiw the (Mr. Vlaltece. Uaitsd Staer) mwt fmdammtal noms of the Ihited t@tionr Qutu, a aourtcy which has ouught to Ovuthraw the 6vunmnto of its neighbouce and to &ny it0 own popfe the right to relf*turiMtim. lacagu8 hro now *bined a ruling from the fnt;stnatiaral Court of Ju8tice alab it finda urreful in it0 gtro)pganda wac agminat Um fhited Stster. The mited State8 regret8 that #icaragua ha8 8ou*t to mieme the Court fn Ohio mannu. The third Statea bar uid frss the beginning that thim case i8 inappropriate for judiaial cetmlutim. The Court has been cuked to e&cue ano emll, carefully l eleated put of the eriei in Central kuica. ‘R, a8k fso the Court to valve this ccieim d#r it a diemcvioe, foe the only way bo solve the otkis ie thtw negotiation8 imolving all puti-. Thie ir noitbec the tin na the plaa for a deuiled expmitim amouning the Court's &oieian of 27 Jure ud the empolling diuentm that aaempanied it. bufficm it to my nd), ue believe that the Court ham fundarntally risgrraived the 8ituation in catcal muic8. It ir l implynarp onmany of itr hata, and the Court's mno~gliarof the celmat ~ntrcnatianall~uim eeciowly flawd in importme ceapota. lticecagua, howemc, doe8 not mm to hue mu& cwecvationa. Doe0 tbi8 man *at the Baadinirb clgime agroom aitb the Couct th8t the demoacetio oppaitim i.8 an iJbtbpmdent fota not -trolled by the tMiud SUtes? w, hope 80, bemum it i8 clear - to the ulited Statu, m CmUdOca, but for 80 many yqacr not to Um Smdinlatar - &at Wicuagua vi11 cmtintm to be tarn by strife onlaw and until tbmeio glnuinocemncilLtia, cuabod throq# a poaeerof nmptiatiar. ThL nogotiatim i8 a8 neae88uy in solving the cri8ke in Centcal kruica a8 ue the netptiatiam b&men ltiou~aatb theoth+rCentral~cican QapMtlBUU. (Ht. Walters, united States) Today licasagua’hee tried to preoent the otirie in Central hmetica ee l e8entially a conflict between the United Statee an4 Nicaragua. The real problem is not a aonfliot between the Sendinieta comandantee and tha United States. It ie a conflict between the comandantee and the long-euffaring people of Nicaragua, who have beon the victim of ever-incteaaing Sandinieta repreeeion, and it ie a confliat betueen the cummdantee and #icatagua’e neighbeute, which heve been the victim of unprovoked Sandinieta eggreeeion. The oauee of the oonflicrt is self-evident8 it is the Sandiniete~e own bettayel of the revolution of 1979. We all recall how the Sandinietae travelled around the crorld in 1979 appealing for support against the Somoea dictatorship. They praimd us that they uould praote a ptogreeeive Government based on a pluralist -racy, a mieed economy and non-alignment. We recall petticulatly the mesaage they sent to rhe Orgerrieation of American States barely a week before they took pomor praising full respect for human righte and free elections. Bow tmllow those praieee beve proved. For eewen years the Sendinietde heve wetkd luthodieelly to coneolidate their power and ftoere out the ewtote that hed fought for democrecy in 1979. Read I remind anyone that one of the signets of that 1979 meeeage, then-jueta member Alfoneo Rotdo, wee ~teocutd end forced to flee into aik? lie end another fomer maber of tbe reoolutimary junta, Arturo Crue, are nw leedete of the d-retie reeietanw. Another of the ei~nere, Violeta Cihootro, he been maligmd l m3 brramxod by the Sendinieteet I believe CoUmlente Ortega meld ehe ehould be eentenoed to 30 yeare in pcieon by the People*8 Tribueel for her crimes. Rer em, Pedro Jo&q&i, bee been driven into exile. Rer femily’8 newepeimf, La Ptmea, her been shut dawn. We ehould all reemaber that it was Soaoxa’e actions against La Prenea, and particularly the areaslination of violeta Chmorro’8 hueband, its editor, that helped tc epark the 1979 revolution. (Mr. Waltete, United states) Tbe cmmmdanta~~ true objective8 wese contained in the now #!MOU~ l 72=Iiour Dwuwnt uritten by tlte Sandinietas themmtlvee in October 1979, only a few month8 after the fall of Barurr. It makes alear that the SanQinieta6 newer had the olighteot intention of honouring the proamieee they made in 1979. The l 72=Eour Doaumnt” was a etatement of FSIa policy and abjsctives in 8ap5eder 1979, when many both inside Nicaragua and abroad still looked to the 8andinietar to fulfil their prooPi8em of plursliem, a mixed w and non-alignment. A few citatione from the l 72-Eout Documentor a copy of which I have in ny hands and to whiah I will refer , make Sandinieta bypauriey clear: *be ulection and organiration of the Government was a rdatively easy tadt, a8 it did not have to bet negotiated with the opposition partier of the bourgeoieie but merely involved appointing patriotic figures who were 8omwbet repreeentativo.” *It rhould he noted th6t at prewnt there are no aleat indiaatione of an umed amnter-revolution by hmocirta forcea froa abroad wbicb actually threatena our rtability.m Wo ue an org8niution whom great4rt aspiration is to uintain revolutionary -I:.* While tW mete prmieing pluralism they were leying the graudwtk of a ona-prty state. This -called pnrty of l pluraliaa and democracy0 hae l restedr &raw and intimidated demcratic political leadorE. The 1984 l olectiomum wore held without the participation of the major oppoaition p8rtiw. Even tbw em11 pertieo ahich participated have rinaa been undercut and rendered Ineffective. Tim &nbiniatar alao have eought to destroy the independent l&our movement by forcing worker8 to join so-called union8 totally under their control. T%e party which claims to repreeant workare and pasanto bmnd etrikee in 1981, long before it ackmw1edg.A the existence of any significant armed rereietance. Since then (Hr. Waltere, unite4 States) hundte46 of labour l&adore and activist6 have been gaoled, and lpsny others have been driven into exile. While they publicly proclaim4 their oosaitrmnt to a rpixet4 economy, the SanMni8tas searetly l xpreraed their deterrination to urueh the 9raitorous bourgeoisie*. They labelled the private eector the principal enemy of the revolution and laid plane to attack ite lea4ere “a8 soon a8 they give ue the firet opportunity9 . Today many of Nicaragua@6 beet bueimemen an4 profemionals are goneI including arany who had been etrong supportero of the revolution. In their aeal to arueh the private aeetor and extend State control over all 8speeto of economio life, the Sandinistao have orippled the r&araguan economy. While the Sandinirtar blame the civil uar an4 unitd States trade sanctions for the current -ia crieie, it ie in fact their own economic galicies which are reaponmible for the suffering of Ute #iaaraguan people. While the Ricataguan peqle are enduring great harbrhips - including unprecedented ehorhgee of food and other eeeentiel aoarodities, high unemployment, skyrocketing inflation an4 a rharp 4rop in real wagee - the tmulinirta elite lea4 a pampered life: Uhile momt of the population of #icaragua livee in l hentiorr, the ommn&nt88 have wed into the luxury hcmer of &mom an4 him followrr. While the poor of Uan8gua have even tJmir 4aily water reverely ratione4, the comandante8 party in the swiming pool at 80108a’e former oountry club. While met of the RiCataggwIU ride cramed into worn-out butaea or in the back of jorry-rigged trucke, the coann4antes drive around in new irparte4 luxury autaobilea. While the averaqr Ricaraguan wait8 in long linea for even the most baeic goo4e, the umandantea obtain highly prized foreign goode at dollar etoree uhich only they are permitted to patronise. While the people of licaragua Buffer , the ccnnandantea travel the uotld flaunting their new wealth. (Mr. Walterm, United Statam) Although saw rembere of the international carunity zeta deceived for my year8 about the reptesrive nature of their rigire, tha truth about Sandinirta humn-rights violation8 lo rime becaning widely knom. The8e l up@oud dofendarr of humen rights have eliminated virtually all oivil right& including freedom of the prerr and freedan of afmmbly. The Sendinietar, who pose au the party of freedomI need a eroret police which is ten timee the eiae of sm8a9a. They bold tlmmande of political pri6onere - many more then 808ma ever did, and nor8 than any other uountry in the hemisphere except one, from whiuh we &all hear later in thir dhte. Held indefinitely in secret police fadlitier wittmut trial an4 0UbjeCtd to multiple forme of pbyrieal and payddogical torture, aany of thaw prhoners ace retwad acaeea by any outride organisation, even the Internatianel Camittee Of the Red Croon. Many pri6oneres are never heard from again, victima of %peaial naaure8g. Tha raafent report on human rigbte in Wicaregua by tIm International League for Eumn Righta painte a grim picture. &me of ita highlight@ are worth quoting. On labour unioaut %man right@ violationa include benninge of all #trike& oolleetive hrgrining and other unicm activities, the ure#t and buaamoat of Yny hutire& of leadorm 81~3 union -ta and governnod oocupatian of onion officem. .*. such haramament ham irtclded firing@, bribe8, artemU, threat@ and blackmail. . . . The Riaaraguan Government ha8 tbum violatd Artiole 22 of the International Convenant on Civil and Political Righte l iwY Article 8 of the fnternatianal Covenant on Bamoaic, 8acial aid Cultural Right&.. On rrreat and detention: (Hr. Walters, United States) have the right6 to be infoomed of charge& to VolitiaiBl’su~pwt~ do not b able to coneult with attorneys, to have family member8 oieit, to avail tham8alve0 of th bark ready of habaa corpum. Nor doam the Goverment publirh the full lirt of namer, of detaineO& . . . The Nicaraguan Goverment abtidgecr right8 to liberty and eecurity of the person in violation of Articles 9 anb 14 of the xnternational Convenant on Civil and Political Rights” on aonditio8m of detantiaau %icaraqua ie responsible for torture and cruel, inhuman and deqrclding we8tment OK purriehent. Method6 of torture reported by Nicaraguan priraners indude katinqe, rapI moak executiona, death threata, food rind sleep d0privmtian, forad pomturee, prolonged imolation, prolonged detention in darknoes, prolab& denial of medical crate, hooding and mbmerefon in water. . . . Thum NScaraqua etmdr in violation of Artiale 7 of the Internatianl Covenant on Civil 8nd Folitical Rightat the united N8tiono m&ration on the Protection of All hmonm tram Being Subjected to mrture or Cruel, Inhummn or oagrding Treat8ent or ?uni&ment; t& United trationr Cmvention Aqain0t mrtwo 8n4 otbu Cruel, Inbrawn or Daqrdinq Traat8mnt or Punirbvnt# tha Inkr-Arrican Convention to Provent and Punish Twture.m on Courta: Woet omnvictiaw are bared eolely on the dofondants* own l tateunte, utdch ue Lmly embated un&r dutoaa or torture. Ptoceeding~ are cloeed. the percentage of conMctian8 im SO high ar to indicate a prediispmition to bollvict.~ (Me. Waltete, United States) I turn now to otbu erraPple of Row the Niauaguans treat their Own citizens. The Sandinistaa~ abuss of the Wskito Indians sinas 1981 b88 shocked the civilised world. They bava driven tens of thous~da of Indians into anile and provdted -0 of these f~rtaarly peaceful people TV take up arns to &fend theit hapas against the Sandinistas. Thr Sandinistaa bave twned the eastern third of Nicaragua into virtual ocsupied territory. Per&m nothing &pi&s more vividly the Sandinlstas* betrayal of those who supported them in 1979 than their repressiar of the ahutch. Archbidrop, now Cardinal, ObanQ y Bravo led *be ahurttcb ta take a strarg positian for justi and freedm durbtq the raPoluuticm. 8ae of the comandantes sue tlbeix lives to his intervantian m their twbalf. linue the revolution, for aontinuing to pamote jUetiaa and freedm and resisting Brmdinfsta repressian &ur& leaders have been attmh md vilifhd. The aburch newmpmpsr haa been mnfiscatad and ite radio statia, cl&. Its oocial Service agenay has been occupied by the seOret POliOe. Qridlte have bean datahed and intimidated. Sow 20 priests and rims have been l xpollad . Not even the Sistera of wther -rem ue allowed to antu SandinLta Nicsragua. In rmnt -a, Cm (kndinbh pbrmcution of the aburcb Ima been intewifie4d. m key duuch lwdom, Biahup Vega md i4onal~or Carballor Wth NiCUagum citiremm, have haen banished from thait #n ~)untry, where they ware ban. POPa Jahn Faul ff saw fifathnd me &ptlm to which tie SandlniataE uOuld 8-6 when hey oent he&lara to disrupt the ~a during hia 1983 vieit. Ib hm spoken out f0c all Catholi~a in oarderring these cantemptible acta. The Catholic Church i8 the tirgeat in licatagua and hafa a~namuantly barne the brunt of 8andinista reQreaaion. other religiow organilatlone, hOwever, have been tatWe ~caviane, nDrpons, Seventh Day Mventiete, Jehwah*e Witneasaa and Jews have all been persecuted. (Mt. Walters, united States) Given them repreaaive policies, can there be any daubt an to why hunncir8ds Of thomado of Nicetagnans h&v8 left their h-land to eecage &ntjin$sm tyrenny, why tee of thouaim& have risen up ir, ameb rebellim? Nowhere i8 the scope of the Sandinietaag betrayal of the Nicaraguan @eople more visible than in their uumaive military buildup. As they acknowledge in the l 72-Uour Rxwiient”, they faaed no threat. hwever, they planned from the outset to creat8 the largest military aa&ine in the hietory of Central hmerica. By wing aoeraim and a hi*ly ur~pllao draft, the Smndinietae have developed an arly LO times the size of Somaa~ta. They have received from their Cuban and BaPi8t allies an arsenal without pr8mdsnt in th8 regia, 0 battaliaw G: tsnks and armxareb personnel carriers, flaete of m&at beliooptere, scores of artillery pie008 end aultipl8 fodc8t launchers and a vsst invenbory of support eguiplent. The Smdinistas bave turned Niauagua into an armd amp. supplied by otbots, ad sating for othdts, they relish goring in tha role of little David standing up to t&at thy turn tb8 North hmertaan oOl.iath. xn brat, the Bandinistas uee rilimrily speaking, the Qliath of C8nual -rim. The Binbinistm falsely dmrge that the &UaSatia reaiStma8 ie nothing but a for08 of mmmnariu. l&o are the reel msra8nui88 in Wiaeragua? They ar8 the thowmds of Cthn militaty 6nd eeaurity prrrarmel md the other •int8rnaaiaraliotas~ the &ndinie~ beve irported to help them weint8in their repressive State. These meraenari88 66 everything fram piloting the helicopter gunship to training the eecfet polia. There are no tickarm in nicerague killha Wicuagtmts, but timfe or* Cubana In Hicuagua killing NicuaguaM. The Sendiniom have denied their am people the rtgtt of e~fdeterrination. Of even mea ccmcern ace their attaeke on their neighbmxe. (Hr. wal?mc, Unitid stabs) Udle #eoolaimingnohaligztment, the SmdMstas pl&ruwd fra the beginning to ally themselves with Cuba and thr Soviet blw, as reflecatod in the l 72-Eour lbcuunt.. By 1980, this parw of l nowalignmenta was drply involved in rummting the Xarxist quecIl&ee f%mkfng the overohca, of the Oovernwnt of Rl Salvsda. The lpraof of .a&. = a,rppxt is p1eaiva aul urdmiable. It ranges from ~btillento fra for-r 6:s : ;.: Y.-e aw9 ;“t.a;a;Bs of aptwed Qeumnta tp bard physioal 6vidMc6 includk1g u6qL:n. h .A unitiwa, hem al &I em be traaad by their serial -nunbers. The Bandinistie' l revelutimary internatiumllmg is not limited co gl 2alvoada. They propida oamrt ameistanca to suhmrrivo group throughout the taghl. The Sandinistas dirwtly gartioi~ted in the 1983 and 1984 attempta to infiltrate suWersives intoBvduras, as aptured subverskwshavo thorolves l dmitted. The Sandinistis h8uo also l qported torrorioti in Cab Rim, and their writs hm?o regu!&ly rttmpbmd or ead~ctd ruwdn~tiuna in that oomtry. The BimUgum oenneetion 4th Me waspon usedby tbocololbien N-19 in UM bloody l tbak JI the 08&a of Justhe in ~lugot~ ir well knoun. Coltii8n wthaities bwe s8id tbnt 01e of the key pupaas of tbs raid, in whiti 11 jum8 of 010 9uprm Court vere kilhd, was UIO dutruatiar of judici81 tooada in 6~ Praeautron oi nuaotiaa trafficftero. camndrnte sm8sBor*, tha gu&nLta Interior IYinister,atknbrd a sorvim in Mmmjua harouring ci~ torrmi#tr kiLlad in ttmt l ttrak. Efm ironic it i8 to R 4 t&m Sandini~tnm prsion8tely dofending the winui@e of non-intafermoe. In t!mir struggle to dafut 8mma, the Smdinistu weea mly tO0 w t0 6UX$t 8l.l fOrU Of 8uffart - aru, finna, logiotial ndp, Uainin9, ocgmiznticmnl h&p - ftO8 RWiy Oth6K MtiCXlS, dtld t0 OFat in md (Hr. Waltere, United State&) lOmt l tW!lw fra the territory of 0th~ nations. The 1979 revolution 6vWthrW Sonoita with help from 0th~ nctionr. Ima than two years later, the Nicaraguan aivil wu ce8umd am the demoratio elenente of the cevolutiarmcy alllamer di@illuiamd md estcaaised, bolt up arms again to save the betcayed rwolutiar. In the aivil uac uhich cagea in Niauagua today, both fact:ons of the original rwolutiamcy all&awe - the Cmdte and the rum-cos\mista - ceaeive ReAp fraa othu aomtries. Tibia aivil war uill amtinue until national reconciliation ie l chiwed in Hiauagu8. Tim Sandinietcu IUVetbegall tomn&mn,on thegrounds of alleged htuvbntfa, nationm crbiab bwe thornelves been the target0 of SundinLta l gpC@MiUl. Tbim io tbo uor at focn of hypes isy by the Sandinisma, who have Cawnted l bvu~iar aaaa~inatia rrd tutorin in thae countcia and ham used Nhar~a’e wn ~O@B&C tilitiry tOrole in aas-boc&r et-d at-&a. 9ha mitd Swta haa aonaiaaely ruppoctul effortt4 to achiwe l ~rprd!auiveaottlamntof tbeari8h in CentcalRaerica. Wb h8verematsdly *-ted that ta MpOart Um Cbtadaa poeem and uould rbi& by a oapt&emiVer ~~ifiabla ad l imulWeam isplmntitian of the 1983 ~mtaQca Dowmnt of abjeativa. Am Pceaidrnt aUgan uid on 24 Jute, we will support any negotiated Settlwnt that bringa c-1 &mecacy to Nicecaguar we ~111 not eqqoct a gmmr agrawnt that eoll@ out ttm Niaacagua people's right to be few. * tbmfo lmg rou#t maningful negotiatiars with the f3andiniaU cmmndmte~. L have l ttwpld to seek an mQurtrrQing with them through our mrsay in IrduQing Seaetacy of Stata multr - and through 8 merim of talks between SaiiOc official8 in 1984. This pcctning the Nicaraguan Preeidwrt propamd a new round of bilateral negotiatiaMa with the lhkitaa states. If the Sandinistao ata nm rerioue about araking an accord with their nai@ahou.rr and their own oppuaitiar, we are prepared to reaw diroot bilaural negotiations. Wa ue prepared to addreaoe the full range of ieeuea which bave attained the relation6 betvean our two nations. Since the root problem i.6 not bebreen DIicaragua and the United States but hetween the sanbinista8 and t4ioaragua@oneighboute mabetwean the s~atnitw3ana 'their cm people, eucb bilatstaldiecu8siaro have no chance for auac8818 if heid in a vaawm. They muet b# aaeiapanietl by serious talk6 hetveen the Sandinietao and their nei*bours a6 well ae between the 8andinietaa mb their OM pople. Bilateral bie~u6a~oru between tha Chited Strrtes and aricaragus mu8t be in oonjunctim with aa in eupport of a regional peaa, progss. In 1983, Piiccrragua ma the other Ccntrsl hmrican S-tea agreed that &mcratioation wa6 8urential for an enduring peaoe. m8my, the other four natims are functioning &mocracies, in keeping with a trend t0c0ua daocratization thrar*cut btin herha. QIly FJiaaragua i8 out of 8wp. Only Wicaragua its moving away troll dmocraey Ward an wet-man repce8s ive Qictatarhip. Bilatrraldisaua8iam between the uliub Stata M& licaragua alma must be held 8im~lta~0u8lywith adialogus betuean the cmmdantea and a MiCaCagWI oppotlitim. On numuoM o~a8ian8 thele8Qr8ot both the oivilo~poitim and th8 armed oppoeitim hwe called Zor a d?alogu withoutcmditiotm an cantofIt. 'Ph8 Catholic Churob ham repa&dly usgd ouch & natiarale:alogue and ott~ed iU good OffiCW. The 8mdini8ta?% have been intransigent. They have mkjected WUY WUEtJCe in8 viciou8ly athC&d t!Iae ww8ilrg pSaa talk8 a0 traitdX8. Tim prekstt that they have used to justify their intraneigenoe i8 that the doW0aatia roiManae is a form of l~eranariw in the oervioe of the uhibod mate& It •~00 that to the Sandinietas, almat anyare CJbo aballengeo thmr be it a goiMt, a political lea&r, a labour aoavbt 03 a jouCnalbt, is automatically dmomuad an a counter-revoluticmary and an agent of the Cm. In a poignant letter m DnniU OXtew, printed thle mrning in The New Yor It Times, La Prenea’o Violeta Racrioe de Chamorro 6aicl “Qman&r Wtega, &a Sam thing ie happentig here in Hiaaragua a8 in other 00urtriu mder Cammist diotetaebipr because there are so my lie8 every day, no one will believe you QI the day when ymu say emthing true.. (p. A23) T&e fntematimal Court of Juatiae haa d&inked the Sandinietas’ atwent. Deepita the large qumtity of clsidence and testbay, met of it QreuWfLtCfd by eilmwfua to try to daaamtrat8 that the demcratic teaistanos MB nothing more that *CIA meranarie8g, t4e Court fomd that the Qepocratic teaiotmaa ~8s an kr~pa%Qut faa nat crontrolled by the QliUd States. Float ll~~ will be the Sandinisba’ excuse for not nwtiating with their Qyn poplo? Will they try to igrae thio part of the Court@r drcieiar? Will they accept arly the portions of the Courtga &ciaiar they like? If 80, thim will reveel that their toutad oaritmut to the implementstian of the Court’s ruling is nothing mea then tbe mat cynioal and transparent effort to reap a popganda ooup. If the Winistaa seek ma, the boa is op. Wa are ready to talk, Ut thm char thw are ready by en-ring into aeciotm negotiatiara with their neit#bours. bt tba Sit &Wll With theft OWl Q@OQle, w Of Wh- VU@ fot-rly their allie in the otruggle against sfmom , to rrotk WwarQs the achievensnt of the wiginal goala of the 1979 revolution. The &or to mce is opal; it ie now Up M the Sanbinietbs to walk tbroq#I that &sot. I wish briefly to note the Camlmiqui aQpkd by the Co-ordinoting Bureau Of the countries of the Hon-al@md #vamt in NBW York on 28 July. Ite oncaidcd l apouaal of Smdinhata view6 i6 artonirhing ad distwbiw. They make ctemandr only an the lhitrd Stats& Nothing ia aeked of the Biearsgus~3t not fhat they atop opprau8ing their own people, not that they maso the genooi& against the Niakito In&me, not that they ceere their eggreroiun agcrimt their neighbours, not Umt they rutcee free& to their own people. It ie a WandalouSly me-eibd bonrmnt. hnd, 88 I mid ai an earlier occmion, the alignaent of the nowaligned crgainst the mited Sutto, the use of double-standatde by the nan-alimed, ona-in ba~atrrtad by that Qcumnt, ouioumly undermine0 the uarggt of tern noxralignmant. Bmxietl Octega found in the Ihited Statee a pulpit fra wbiab bo rgeak, an audienoe rhich lirtened to him, and frwdm to attrek the oomtry in ubioh he fourd hheolf - things that rauld be denied to any foreigner in licaregua who did not like the goliciee of tbe Biouaguan Govwnmnt. mt then, that IE ptabobly the hndavntal difCecanaa kwoen tyranny ml free&m. The FRPPIIDBIOTI ti next l poakec ia Che repcuantitive of India. I invite him to Uke a plra at the Cormoil table and to make bi# rtataaent. W. KRISHW&W (India)r Mr. Pteaident, at the auteet my I thank you and, throu@ you, the other rd~ocs of the Council @or ar&Mng y delagatim co abdrum this muting of ule gacucity council. Wy klegatian hea alrudy hd the opportunity to amgratulato you, Sir, on your awuption of the pui&ncy of the 88cucity Council fez tb* current mthf recall th@t the hat meeting of the 6ecurfty Council, when y delegaticm l bbt~sed the Comcil, uaa also callm9 at the raweat of Wlcuagua. (Mr. Miehnan, India) This math ooeowmaated the oeventh mnivorsary of the victory of the WiCUagum poplr over the &noaa dictatarahig. Wa greet licuagua on thie iaportant amivaeuy, histaio not only in its 00111 cantext, but in that of nations and poplee tba world aper. Bbr aeven years now, Niaaragua hata oought to oecomtcuot ite aooiety and to rekindle the hopee of it6 people. The lGo*Alimed llovemnt Au proud to have played it0 part in that endraoour and 1tahallaontinw to do 10.. The Cwrbinmting Eureau of the Mwmnt of the Non-Aligned Countries met at Ubihd Uationr Xiea8puutare ycotudmy to consider the eituation in Central m8eriua in the li@t of the ju&emnt delivere6 by the Znternatlanal Cauft of Juatia in 27 June 1966 in the owe *Military end pacailitary sativitieo in and against Wiau8guam. I mbould like to rwd into the remrd of the Counoil the text of the Cwaniqtd iutmd by the Eucemaa .%b@ Coordinating Bureau of the mvemant of #onali~pred Countriar met in Blew Yak on 26 July 1966 to wmfdet the situation in Central Rneriea in the lidht of the juQorm.nt of Jme 27, 1966 of the Inter tmtianal Court of Jutbe h the use *U.litacy ad Purilituy ktivitiu in nb against 101cafhQIu’0 TbObureeu heard l mhtemt by the Ibreig, BUntiter ofaticaregua in uhiah he referred to tba ame md the thrwt to htanatianal powa nd wcucity ramlting fratho aoatinuatiar of thi8 diapte. Vhe Bucehu tocalled that tba Ministar of ?ha Coordinating Bureau of lbn&liqredCourtriv mting L lbw Delhi in rprU 1966 had *urcpd a118taWr fdthfully to remgmat Che &tmntm mdo to the Iateznatlaml Court of JL=tfa, W~Chlly the 8CQOptNlUl Of the COW t ‘I fX+DqubXy jUlr 18diCthl 8nd the rrjukd fulfUl.mant of its rulin9s and judgemanta in the analmiie of the case of Nicaragua*. The Ministers had also etiorted the mited State6 to cowly with the ruling of Hay 10, 1984 m Pmuisiaral Measures of Protection and with the judgement of Novaher 2, 1981 on the jurisdiction and admissibility of the demand of April 9, 1994, presented by Nicaragua. Qoting with satisfaction the judgemnt of the International Court of Justice Of Jme 2’1, 1966 in the case 8Military and Paramilitary Activities in and apAmt Nicaragua’, the Buteau m&e an urgent and atrarg appeal to the mited States tro o~sply, strictly and bmediately, with that judgement. The Bureau renewed its 0~11 for an immediate end to all threats, attacks and hastile acts, diseussian of funding, financing of raetcenary group by the mited States Cagrese and coercive eaanda measures taken sgainet the people and Ckwernmnt of licwagua, all of which are designed, in the short rm, to overthrow the legitimtely constituted Government of that country and increase the risk of a generalized amflict. *The Bureau ono~ again urged the CBvernmant of the United States of kerica to rem89 talks with Wicaragua as a means of read!ing a specific agZeeU#nt an peace in the region baaed an the principles of mutual tespct, awereia\ty and eelf-deterafn4tion of peoples, with the abjective of achieving the ncrmalizstiar of relative between the two uxmtrieo. Vhe Bureau reaffirmed its support for the efforts of the Contadora Group and the Support Group tnwarde finding a* pDlitica1, peaceful and negotiated solution to the crisis in Central America. .The Bureau reitmatdtd itr firm solidarity with Nicaragua and appealed to all me*ere of the l@onaliqmd mvement , a8 well as to tie international aomunfty, to give eolidacfty and all such aaaistance aa Nicaragua may require in order to preserve its right of eelf-deterafnation, national independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity.' I (Mr. Kriehnan, India) We reuall that Uxtcr situation in Central America vais brought to the attention of thio Counail in Hatch 1982. On that oasasicm, Mr. Daniel Ortega Saavedra in him capacity as Co-ordinator of the Gumming Junta of tbtimal mconstruation of ’ Nicaragua cam to speak to the Council. WI ate harowed to have hfrP again tadmy at the Wited Nations 88 the eleoted Ptesident of hi8 country. We lietened to hio addCeSI3 to the Council with care and attenticm. It is evidetnt that the eituatian in the region haa steadily de&eriorated in the past four years. This should be a mtter of grave concern b us all, and ware partkulatly to the Security Counoil. (Hr. AC iehnan, India) Roe Me tvelfth tbw Nicaragua has saught aotion by the Comcil to preserve ita integrity and to groteot its &era&et as a swueign, independent and no*ali*ed natim. Fourteen mmthhe ago, in May 1989, cieourity Cornoil resolution 562 WfN affhmd that it vaa the inalienable right of Nicaragua and other nations in the Central American region to decide an their own political and eammic system without external interference or ~ubversiar, ooeroim - whether dire& or indire4t - or thrf~te of eny kind. And yet toqay these inadmissible acta are continuing - indeed, have been intensified. Nicaragua has not so far obtained the support that it ha6 domeded of the Council. tn the meanth, ve have the judwmnt of the Internstiara Court of Justiae ubid, baa hem rem&red in the following oleu and unatiigwue terms .fn the present Jtipfmt, We Court has found that the mspondent has, by its aativitiee in relatia, to the Applicant, violated a nuder of principles of customary international law. The Cotict has ha#ever also to retell a fuctber principle of intunatianal law . . . the principle &at the putito any dispute . . . the mntinumce of whi& is likely to enbanger the naintmmwe of internatfmal pmoe and security, hould seek a molution by mm-1 mans. lbshthed in Artiole 33 of the united Hatticme Charter, whim also Miaatao a n&or of peeoeful means which ue evailab:e, this prinoiple has also the strrtue of cuemmary law.* (S/l8221, wra. 290) The Court has alao recalled to both p&ties; . . . . the need to wemrate with the Cartirbra effortm in seabin a definitive international di*putu.’ (para. 291) (Mr. Kr ishnan, India) &brturrca has been pada on earlier occasions in this Chaaber to inherent pOlitiO81 urd emnomlo faobore in the Cantral American region al-t as if to SUggut that arrert and covert htetrferenae and interventicn from outeide are a mmaaa to ammalb these. The Movement of Non-Aligned Countries is not oblivious of tbue taotao. At the Nhietetirl meeting of the Co-ordinating Bureau of the UOon-Aligred Countries in April 1966, the Ministers noted the conditions of poverty a4 ogplessian frraJ ai& the region has historically suffered. They aleo reitmated that the poaess of change in Central America could not be explained in tuam of ideologiaal omftantatio7 between the military bl.ocs. They reaffirmed the necmssity of amaebr l tions to guarantee the security of Central bnerican State8 *iah muld 1-d b tie aeatioa of that elimte of stability and confidence which amrtitutee the hmie for reaching peace and ao-ogeration in Central America. They reaoqrisd thaa ui -iate halt bo all act6 of aggreseicn against Uicacagua is a fuaQmnu1 s&p for readWag thesie cbjectiveo. This aoamoiousaese of tbs Blat-Aligned Htmament derives not mly from its @erogtian that inoUbility md deatabilisatim in Central kerica are a danger to Pesol ab seuurtty tie ratld aver but fra the realisatiar that true ecwereignty of St8WS is the r*ian will be a positive t;;ctor in the global endeavour. Meeting fat tae fkmt tin in the CaciLbbean area, at Geagetom in 1972, the Conference of RDrei* Wnietere of mn-Aligned owntries, in the Declaraticm that was a&pted cm aat ooauialt I . . . agreed that the rwliratian of Latin America’s hill and trua inde~ndence is an martial elesmt in the general emancipa tim process of the developing oomUir andin the etcengthening of internatianslpoace and ~~~~rlty.* In&ad, at the very firot summit conference of the Wxeaent at Belgrade in A961 the Keads of Stab ox Qvarnmnt resembled at that time expressed tieir bterminetion in tha ~alaretitm that was adopted cm Mat occasion that: (Mr. Rr iehnan, India) l . . . no intimidation, iatuteranas OS intutmntion should bo brought to bear in the exeroioo of the right of aelfdeterainaticm of peoples, including their right to pursue oonstructive and independent policies for tbe attrrinment and pmrvation of their mwueignty.m Wtue are 90 many tWngag, uroti mblo mruda, %hat ate want9 to forget. And yet there ie no fosgetting.o aah imtance of external intuferenae and instigation in thio regiat, or anywhere eloe in the rrorld., is a raminder to all of u6 &ho have cwuw our aolarial past Wt our struggle is not yet fully Were E~acb inabnos remwe our &brdnetion bo be worthy heiro of our h&story and mrthy pogaitaa of our future. The PR&lIDE@E’t The next amaker ie the reprewn~tioe of Rmoaatie Y@RM. I invite bia to t&e a phw at tbe Couwil table ad to make bi8 statewntnt. AtA8BpAt (Bmcratic Yewn) (intergtetitim tram ArebicIt Allor W at the OUtSet, Sir, to canqatuhte you m your awmption of the preeidanoy of the Comcil dot thir mLh. Your prwubll uis&m and diplcmtio rkills enmurage ua to beliewe that this body will eucceed in ite efforta to find solution0 that will bring abwt etiility md raaurity in the Central kericm region. I &buuld like throu* you, Uf. Preeidatt, to exprexx our appeciatim to your p&aSW, kbuWkX Rbetafika of Madaga8car, who was ale, &ring hi8 biQlmtiC CU@CC. f ~~lt9 l lma like La takr thi~ a~rtunity tc wlmm #. Rniel Octif+, the PrwidaIt of the Rprrblic of Miaaragta, &&ho is participtfng in these maetingm call& by hia Gcva:nmmt. In this mnnectiar, ry Qoefnmnt apOteciates Ricuagua’8 (Mr. Al-Ashtal, Deraocratic Yemen) tireleeo efforts to eettle diepltee by woeful means according to the principles of the Charter. We believe thst tbe8e efforta strengthen the credibility of the Uaited Netions a8 a t42ol for the lpeintenance of hternatiwal peace and security. A8 Chapter VI of the Charter mncerning the paoifio settlmnt of 43ieptes etreweer .The parties to any dispute, thecontinuance ofubic& is likely to rndenger the maintenance of international peace and eecurity, f&all, first of all, seek a aolutian by nwtiaticm, enquiry, mediation, aoncilhtiar, arbitraticm, judicial eettlement , ruort to regianal agenciee or arcangeaents, or other peagful meana of their wn ~oioe.” (Article 33/l) Baaed w that principle, and on relevmt artfclee of the Ststute of the Inbrnatimal Court of J~lrtiu~, Wicacagua, a Metier of the thited Uatiam, has submitted to tfm Intematimal Court of J~prtios ite caplaint agairmt the llrited State8 of kerica fi~r itr violetim of tbe relwant rules of intsrnatiaral law by arming, training and leading the cmtrae and by mining lcuaguan porter among Other Wt8 of aggrareim agehet Riaragua. In the light of thee facts, the In-errtat .~a mtof Juetim - which is the organ 8mdated to eettle the disprtu sti:.ted to it aacording to the rules of international Law - &a8 acted OpHI ?4icaLwe’b colrglaint mid ran&red ita judgammc that the whited Btatwof America has violatad ita wmaitmsnta under cuetcmaty intatnatiaral law, as rqa b na-intwven+ton ln tie affairs of other Staw8, the Mr. Al-Aehtal, mmeratic Yemen) The court baa ruled that the lhitd State8 of America has aomitted an cot aWLnUt Wicaragua that rum awnter to it0 ooritment under artid* 19 of the Truty of briemdhip, Trade end migatian oiaed by Niceragus mnd the mited Stateu of keriau on 2i January 1969. It io L. . tinam that the Unitid Statee Adainistratim bar yet to reapmd positively t, -:e rulingm of the xnternatimal COWt of Juti-, ubiah uu eetabliehed by the internatiaral ~BopluniCy to rettle intunatiamlbisprtee. FurtberPOlte, the mited Shtes has deliberately erpmded it9 intmrvomtiar in the intsrnel affaira of Wioarrgua. Most recently, the cmgrom of the Lhit8d State8 hu apptual aid to the cartra8 in the asoult of 8100 tillian. That actiar l tteuta bo tke escalation by tbe thitced Statea of iU deeigne l gaiIut Niouegue in order to dltroy ite present political rigi-. That deoirian Bo offer l kl will hgve di8utxoue aon6uwenQa for the eeaurity ad otrbility of the togian) furtbermise, it will increue tension in that put of the carAd. Wioliragua’s ramat for tbe Security CanAl 00 met and the preaenm of the Ptwidmt of IIImragtm, Dmiel Orbrga Suvebta, in thue 8utia* ia order to l mue the negative l ttiL& of the micd Statea and ite unwillingnees to ebibr by the plage8ut of the Intarnrrtiaral Court of Justice confrre up the &cUrity Cornoil the extremly -runt intarnetional due of coqxeheneively l nnining wy8 and mum to put an aw3 to the pereistant violetian of intanatiubel l8W W the [nikd Sta%8 in ite actiarr mg8inst Dicaragur. This bobf rcprewmnu Un uptirtmu of the intern8ticnal arrmity to u4rL111 ,a.-r-a.,--, --CL -A ru.r,&u --.-I. N.-L.-U-.- . ..A l rr rvk -arAm arh4ma fRjtmA mtrkr paw0 -.a -“u-e-, v,- - --w.- ----- -----* -- aC6xptarca of the relevmt rulinga of the International Cwrt of Jwtice ln ord@r to rpre the Central Wriorn region any further 8uattian of tmmi4n ad to 8lltW the peoplea G’ time courtrim tc live in canditione of stability and PQ~CS. (Mr. Al-Ashtal, tmuocratic Yemen) In this connecticn, Democratic Yemerr believes that this organ must give ilngetus to the efforts of the Cantadors Group to facilitate a global and peawful settlement of the problems in the regian. The Lhited States, aa a me&et of the Security Council, should join the international ooneensus on the need to solve the problems of Central America by peaceful means through the efforts of the Contadora Group, ‘Slch had enjoyed the support of the United States in -the past. We believe tb8t to be the only cosy to avoid any further tension In the region. With resagact to threats, the use of foroe or intervention in the internal affairs of sovereign States, such actions violate international law and the prrposea of the unitid k&time Charter. FWtherimre, they do not 8dvcnrae the esUbliahment of perrce and security -g the countries of Central America. W-bile m&mning all form of political activity that involve aggression agaiwt t9icacagua, DelrrJQcstic Yemen appeals to this body to support loicaragua in its request to have tbe [hited States abi& by the rulings of the Internstiara Court of Justice and to call upon the mited States to put an end to ite policy aimed at thrwtening the territorll intagrity of Wicaragua, intervening in fta internal aftaLe and infringing upon its freedoat to choose ite own social, ecanaic 8nd politioal r6giw. The PREBIDR#TI I thank the representative of IWtoccatiC Yemen for his kind words addressed to the preeidem~. The next speaker is the reprwentativeof CaecMelovakia. I invite him to takea place at the Council table and to make his statement. fWr. KULWISC (Czechoelavakia): Hr. President, I should like first to thank you and the other me&era of the Council for giving my delegation the opportunity to address the Council for the aeoond time this month. (Mr. Kulawiec, Ceechasbwakia) The Security Council is meeting undee your presidency once again to consider the actions of the mited States Government against Nicaragua. We have fully oupported the reconvening of the Council QI this satter, beuause of the serious nature of the situation and in visu of the diatributian of official Qcuments of the Internatiaral Court of Justice, including its judgement of 27 June of this year. We consider it very importzmt that the Council~s di.scussion adhere to the essence of the problem and that attempts to bog down the debate in procedural legal questiane be peventsd. The judges of the International Court of Justice have accoarpl. iehed an extensive ts8k : That hi#bly authoritative forum fourd the policy of the [hited States Governmnt againet Nicaragua to be aggressive and thus illegal. The voluminous -tatian frm the proceedings of the Internatimal Court of Justice, as well am the judgelpent of that body, whid ie are of the main organs of the thited Nations, give evidamce of the extermive diversioniet activities Of the UIitad Stat88 Governamnt winat Nicaragua aimed at werthrarfng that oountry’e Gwernumt 8nd changing it8 8ocial eyeitea. We have had an opportunity to learn about a nrtd>er of aspects of that undeclared WBK, uhf& is organimd, financed and fought by the [)nited Sbtee Gwerneent and by face8 for which that Govertmemt beare full responsibility. The eituation in Nicaragua, the detorainatian of the Nicaraguan Covernmmt and people to defend their country, a8 well aa the consequences of the r-page by counter-revolutiarary meramuies aould be seen cm the apot two -eke aby the dele~tione of mare than 80 cuurtrias fca all war the world. including Czfxhoelovakta. that attended the observance of the seventh anniversary of the victory of the Sandinieta tevolutim. During those festivities another CrilpC of the COntr a8 was planned - an attempt on the life of PceeiQnt Octega. Portunately, (Mr. Kulawiec, Csedroslowakia) that intaMed aass88lnatiun was prevented; yet the raapageof former menbere of Sou11a’a guard ha8 already taken a toll of 14,000 Nicaraguan lives. I do not deea it neoeeeary to repeat all the findings of the International Court of Justice, including one qualifying the all-aromd arming, training and financing of the carteas aa a violation of internatimal law and of the principle of nan-interfetanoe in other ~mtriea” internal affairs. In this aomeotfcs., ny dehgatia\ considers that the manual of the Central fntellfgenae Agency m vayohologioal op8ratiaW and the innetructive bro&ure for eaboteurs have pbyed a eignificwt negative role in the escalation of violence end terror ~rpetrated by the contrue and that the whited States Governnmt beare full moral responsibility for the comequenoee of tJmt *training9 of bandits. (Mr. Kulawiec, CsecMelovakia) The Kapublio of Nicaragua is a developing comtry canfrahed with a n&Mr of eaoncmic prablems~ Owing to the imperialist aggression being waged against it, that corntry is suffering awere human and mterial losaea that make its wet-all eituation even wore8. Nicaragua has submitted a claim to the International Court of Justice for damages in the amomt of USS370.2 oilliar. Unfortunately, the damage uaused Nicaragua will undoubtedly grav with the’inteneificatian of the eubvareive activities and sabotage of the cantras as a result of the recent $100 rilliar increase in United Ktatee aid. My country expreseea its oonvictiar that the Internatiaral Court of Justice will again take up the queStion Of Oolapensation to the Keplblic of Nicaragua and settle it in Niwragua’a favr 1. During its intensive discussions this year the Security Council has heard a great nmtber of eC;aWments expressing the unequivocal will of the wetwhelming mjority of shtes deters of the unitea Katione to a&ere to the tmdamentsl pinciples of international law, the United Natiare Cbartar and internaticmally aboptetd obligations. We are gratified to note that in its judgememt the Internatiaral Court of Justiae has once again explicitly underlined the vial iuportanoa of ounpliance with civilised nora of inter-Stste relatione for the future destiny of peaaa and security in the world. The International Court of Justice considered the case eutmitted to it in relation, inter alia, to the principles of the nan-use of force, non-inthrference ad the right to collective self-&fence ad arrived at una*iguoue cmclueions about the ill-1 nature of United Statis actiona againat Micaragua. The Court pointid out that an umualffied adherence to practices similar to these ‘being prrued by the United States would result in &mge to the funQmmta1 principles of internatfaral law and, &us, in an absolute arbitrariness in internatiaral relations. We fear that the event= of this year fully validate those concern8 expressed by the International Court of Justice. (Mr. Wulawiec, Csedhoelovak ia) Coodro~lcuakia fully supports the diplomtic efforts of Latin American aomtriea to find a jurt and peaaaful solution ti the situation in Central kUiC8. The CcmeSdasa movrnumt ham rightly gained authority 8nd VQ) the tesP2Ct of t4e international oo6uunity. It is imperative that that procerr amthue without external interferesbar. We rejeat my attemgt, no Ilatter aat the preb*tr UI countervale the Cantadura prooese by the creation of artificial etructucee. In that conneation I should like to recall that as early an the thirty-eighth mea&m of the whited Native General hseembly the Cret&a,lovak Qlegatiar pointed out the dangerous nature of the attempts to revive old military peata in that region, eWBci.ally the Central Rpbrican lbfen~ Council (Q)tEbm) Pack. Our position rerim valid today. We coneider it hi* time that United Stabem interventiarism and dangetor~e Pentegm l tudieo ~1 a direat act of mitad States aggtemiion involving a possible lOO,OOO-tbousan~en foroe gave way to the urwnt need to pwerve pesos and a&are to legal narr. It ie high time that the mited Btatea, aa a permenant merber of the Security Cmncil, acted with &Jo regard to iU responsibility before the antire internrtiau1 camlmity. The ftecucity Comcil facea an extramely difficult tat&t that of fulfilling ia obligatiata. The Council’~ attitude to the draft resolutim inmpirml by the judgemnt of the Internatimal Court of Jumtice will determine whether the Council moceeds in discharging that task. The pRB(JDRiTr The next epeaker ix the repremmtative of the 8yrtan Arab Ilrgublic. I inviw him to take a place at the Council table and to make his rmtexent. Mr- AL-ATAsSI (Syrian Arab &public) (intecprctation from Arabic): My delegation had occaeia~ to cmgratulate you, Hr. President, on your-accession to your office earlier this month,, but we ahculd like to express to you once again OUC grvdt appccciation for the efforts you have exerted during this busy raonth of (Mr. Al-Ataesi, Syt ian Arab. Republic) July, as well as to pay a tribute to the cmpe tence, experience and expertise you have shown ir? guiding the delitmrations of the Council. The Security Couwil is metkg to&y in response to a new canplaint by the Governmnt of Nicaragua against the United States of America. The earlier camplaint was brought before the Coubcil barely a umth ago. This Chamber has already been the scene of many meetings on the subject of the threats and acts of aggressim perpettated by the lbrited States against Nicaragua% the mining of its ports, the iapoeition of trads exbsrgoes against it and the financing and training of meroenacies to mdermine its sarereignty and overthrow ite progressive, rwolutianaty rdgime. IMay’s ooqlaint also is submitted by the Oovernmmt of Nicaragua against the ulited State8 of America. Howwer~ it is not limited to thase two parties, to the regiar of Central Rmerica or tp threats ti peace and security in that regiar alcme t ‘~bday’e camplaint relates to threats to the international legal system and to the rigime of international mmnitmente and conventlane. This morning, we heard President Ortega us11 upon the Becurity Council to shoulder its reaponeibilitiee and call upon the United States to comply with the judgement of the Internatimal Court of JustAcre and the legal argtsamts adduced by the justices and to cease forthwith ite ailitaty activities in and against Nicaragua. Mr. Al-Ataeal, Syrian Arab Mplblic) The judges have’also called upcm the Mited State8 of Ametica to cease ougWorting, finanaing and training the mercenaries and aDunter-tevolutimaries against the Nicaraguan revolution. The United States Mainistratiar haa rejected the decieion of the Internaticmal Court of Juatioe. fte representative in the 6. .4l ha6 also erpeaeed rejectiun of the decieim and even denied tbe Court any jurisdictiar to consider theee problem. The pretext of self-defence put farward by the lhited Statea #Idnietratiar ie flimsy and mamvincing. B& one can believe that a giant mmh am the mite8 State6 of America CM feel threatened by Nicaragua, a amall, peace-loving,nm-aligned State. Su& are the wll-knwn pretexts ueed by the flnited States toexpreae annoyance vith my State thatpuceuem an independent politicslpath, Theyhave beoonm tbehallmarkof thecbrited Stafxm policy to auppteaa the popular will and supplant the rule of law by the rule of force. If the Council fails bo pit m end to the arrogant policy of forw and arrogant, all civiliod, human valuea md internatiaral legal principlee, fore-t anong themthatofpeaaefula3exietenaa arrrng Statee in au au4uephere of international oo-operatian, will beoum extinct. If we allw the mighty to prevail in international relationa, the basison which our i.uternatiaralCcganixatian bae been fomded will be jeopardized ad international peaoe and eecurity endangered. If the thited State8 uiehes to exist in a civilixed moiety governed by the rulea of peaabfulcaxiatmloe arong statee, including the free &oiceoL political and -0mic aystemn, the [hitad Stats0 must ceaee forthwith bo intirfere fn the internal atfaire of independent Statee. Nicaraaue ad 0th~ rntetrioe 5f ?!?e unrl!! want to live in peawe free fran any outeiidb threat. (Mr. Al-Ataeei, Syrian Arab Remblic) The whited States Of America &Bust realise that UuQQOrt faP PrerOeIIarieO and co-clperation with racist regimes oan in no way serve the cause of Qeaoe in the world. Support for the racist aeartheid regime in fiauth Afr iea is simply an atteagt to thwart the aspirations of the Africah people to freeand i.ndeQendenoe. SiIIIilarly, military and financial support for the racist rdgime in oaou~ied Palestine ie a blow to the aspirations of the Arab QsoQle to free&, ewereiguty and independence. The mlicy of force and hegmmny gut sued by the United Sta-e in vat iorrs parts of the world is a despicable one - The international omunuuity has aondemhed threats and acts of aggressiar. The bonbihg of Libya by American jet aircraft, me raids QI civilian targets aud tie killing of innocent civilians have been supported arly by the miteed Stateta Mminietcatiar. The mited states abuse of the veto in this Council to shield its agents in South Africa and occupied Palestine can only uhderrine the foundsti~~e of our international Organiaaticm aud, thus, the rule of justice md law in the wald. Peage in Central RPerice will hot be attained by United Stabba aggramiar agaimt Nicaragua or by the mining of Nicaragua porte. 1tcannotaomaba.ltby aiding mtrcenariee to topple the licaraguan revolutim. Pea08 oan anly be aahievd through constructive dialogue , remgnition of the right of the pmple of Central koerica to self4etermL~atio and through internatiaral efforts, eaQecially through the Cartadaa GZOUQ and the &QQort Group , to find a political, poeful eolutiou to the ctioie in Cemtral kerica. (Mr. Al-Ataeei, Syr tan Arab IWmblic) k& delegation agpeals to this Council to shoulder its responsibilities in the8e difficult timea. Defending the international legal system ie one of the bDIOI1'8 rWtUKg@tt tUk8. In thi8 ca8e it i8 Nicaragua that i8 directly affeotad here, hmevez, in its aomglaint Nicaragua represent8 the aspitetiam of all States, iu particular the 81~11 Statea. The Council '8 Buccese in canpelling the United Stat%8 ti abide by the decieicn of the Interuational Court of Justice is a 8ucaess for the cau8e of defending tie internatiural legal ayetern. Should the kcurity Council fail in this, it muld be an ominou8 sign for the future. In ca~lu8i~1, my people ie in full SOlidatity with the NiCaCagUn pe0pk1; my Govermmnt fully ouppxt8 the Qovefnment of Nicaragua. Our struggle 18 one and the 8(upB - for freedan mrd independence. The PRg ;DPAYTt I thank the representative of the Syrian Arsb mprblic for the kind words he addressed to the presidency. I call u&on the representative of Nicaragua, who haa a8ked to be allaved to speak in exercise of the right of reply. nts. ASlWGA GADNA (Nicaragua) (interpretation from Spanieh): We listened with attmtim to the repreeentative of the kited States but all we heard was another litany of aOOU8StiOtl8 , liea, disinfotfaatian and diobrtims on the basis of uhidr the Oarernment of that oountry has been trying to find justification for ite aggrweitm against my country. In the tohl abetmae of a lagal, political or moral Scsis to eupport it8 policy of aggressian agairmt Nicaragua, the Ulfted States ha8 attmptsd to divert the intirnatimal aoarunity’e attention and ehir k its rets-mneibilit.ie+ by Ezk~Iy eccllsing Nicaragua of criaee and inappropriate, illegal activitiee at the internaticmal level. (Mrs. Astorga Gadea, Nicaragua) The self-ease arguments adduced today by the representative of the United State0 had been submilted to the International Court of Justice by his Govetnamnt. On 27 June of this year the Court issued a clear and categorical decision, one that btmko no doubt. Thie aornfng the President of Nicaragua explained in detail the Court% main considerations and ccncl~ion~~ I shall ccnfine myself to mentioning only some of the% (Mr 8. Astorga Gadea, Nicar aqua) In its main consideration the Court decided - and this is important - that the United States, by training, arming, equipping, financing and supplying the ccmtra forces or otherwise encouraging , supporting and aiding military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua, has acted against the Republic of Nicaragua, in breach of its obligation Mder customary international law not to intervene in the affairs of another State. In article 2 of the operative part of its ruling the Court rejects the justification of collective self-defence maintained by the United States in this connection. rJhat is more important, it states that the evidence presented by the United States was inadequate to satisfy the Court that the Nicaraguan Government was responsible for any flow of arms to Salvadorian revolutionaries. It i8 clear that Nicaragua is not the aggressor. It is also clear that the United States is the only country perpetrating aggression in Central America, the only country violating the territorial integrity , swereignty and right to self-determination of peoples. It is not we, Nicaragua, who say this, but the International Court of Justice. We are pained at the fact that the United States Government, which claims to respect international law, is flagrantly violating it with respect to my ccuntry. Wa are sorry to see that it is the policy of the United States to avail itself selectively of international law by caaplying with it on some occasions and not on other 8. For our part we also regret the fact that today the United States representative has once again asserted that his country vi11 pursue its policy of aggression against my country, that it will continue to per*trate aggr~sfiinn against my country in the name of denucracy and frcedan, which it claims to uphold. For our part we shall continue to seek dialogue, negotiation and understanding and are ready, if the !;nited Sta.tes is al:;o ready, t.3 :;~1ek machif,ctry (Mrs. Astorga Gadea, Nicaragua) to settle our differences. Nicaragua is ready to work for peace, ae has been abundantly demonstrated over the years. Even now the United States still hss an opportunity to change and to amend the situation and to respect the will of the international community and the rights of small countries. It can still abide by the ruling of the Xnternaticnal Court of Justice by immediately ceat3ing all military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua. We are here. We are ready to find that solution and understanding.

There are no further speakers for this meeting. The next meeting of the Security Council to canthue consideration of the item cm the agenda will take place tomorrw, Wednesday, 30 July 1986, at 11 a.m. The meeting rose at 5.05 p.m.