S/PV.273 Security Council

IIi view of the lateness of the hour, Ipropose that we adjourn our discussion unill tomorrow aÉternoon. 1 -wish to announee thatthe meeting on the India-Pakistan question, originally scheduled for tomorrow aftern0on, is postponed ,to Thursday, 25' March 1948. .. The meeting rose a.t ,6.~0. p.m. DEUX TWO HUNDRED AND SEVENTY·THIRD MEETING Reid at Lake Success, New York, on Tuesday, 23 March 1948, at 2.30 p.m. President: Mr. T. F. TSIANG (China). Argentine, France, d'Ukraine, soviétiques, . rique. Present : The representatives of the following countries: Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Chin,a, Colombia, Syria, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Re~ public, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States of America. 32. Provisional agenda (document SIAgenda 273) 1 2. L Adoption of the agenda. 2. Letter dated 12 March 1948, from the permanent .representative of Chile to the United Nations .'addressed to the ..Secretary-General (document S/694). .33. Adop6on of the agenda ,~ '. ., , ~ Mr.PAROD! (France) (translated from French) : l'lie representative of Chile has asked'theSecurity CoUÎlcR under the terms.of Article 34 of the United Nations Charter to open; an inquiry roto the 'facts set forth and discussed yesterday by Mr. Papanekj" which, are said to' thréaten international péace andsecurity. . . The 'general factsare 'knoWn. On' 22 FebruMy' last a niinority seized, by ·force and manifestly againstthe will of the Chief of State, all' the' controlsof the Czechoslov~ nation. This riûnority has notadduœd any legalor constitutionala,rgument in ,support of its" action; butïthas" asserted, tha~ jt was necessaryto impose upon Czecholôvakia a pôlitic31 regime sirirlIar to that .of thè Union' of Soviet,Socialist Republics. ~m::tW~S ~~c~~st~~m=~V:in~~~g~:; not represented,' sin,ce on ~e contrary this minority pàrticipated in the' go~ermnentandeven held themost important portfolios, including the Presidency of the Council atJ.dthe Ministry of the Interior. This was nût a case ôf a govemment which had no ties With th~ Union of' Soviet Socialist ,R~publics, since a trl~aty of friendShip, mutual assistance ~dpost'oWar co-operation_ had been conèluded on 12 December 1943 between the USSR.and Czechoslovakia. This treaty stipulated specifically in Articlè 4that the ContractingParnes' would mutually'respect their, independence and,their sovereignty and would not intervenè in the,internal.affairsone pt the other. ,,' :N'br wasit a govemmerit whiJh hadpro'Voked suspicion or reproach' on thê part of the autl1.orities of the USSR, since it complied with all the requirementSof thecl()sest~ollaboration.It will suffice to recall inthis connexion that a' year ago the·Czechoslovak Go'Vernniént considered the generous aid'ofIered under the Marshall Plan to he neçessary •for. the rehabilitation. of" the c:oun~,pays,' but.the, President of 'the.. Çowicil. and ,a Iîwnbèr ofhis" è()lleagues ,v{ere then "called ••,to, ~oscôw, where they were forced to refusefPe materiàl aid whichthey had·at first déemed intlispensable for thefr country's welfare. Norwas this ape0l'le Which,felt animosity of any kirid ,towai'ds 'the USSR On the contrary all Czechs' fèltimmenseaffectioIrand gratitude for the great Sla~people who ,ha~ ,contributed in such measure to,thèir deliverarice from the Nazi yoke. ''Thîsi,féeling" of;,t friendshipby the Czech people towardsthe lJSSR,this 10yaIty ef the·,Gov- èrntnent; 'théseibil~teral undertakings; and: this participation of the Communists intlieGoven~' ment do ,not seem, however, tohave bee.... 'f.}.- garded as: s~ci~Ilt, JPIarantttes -;.anc:i wi~ ~ !~,,~; i hours a police State replaced a democràtiè S'Latr::. 1 ... , ' l Another manwas closely linked to President Benes in bis political thinking. We knew himand we loved him, having seen him working on two occasions in his capacity as representative .of his country both a~ the~t session! nf the General Assembly of the United Nations in September 1946. and at the second session in September 1947. The Minister of Foreign Mairs, Mr. Masaryk, is no longer <there to bear witness, but his death in fact ~peaksfor him. Whatever the circumstances of bis death may have been, it· can only have one meaning and that meaning is .clear: responsible for the herltage of a <glorious name which was the<verysymbol of ,national independence, he did not consent to have that name associll.ted with the enslavement of bis countrY. Thus, of the two men who l'epresented and <who were the very incarnation. of the freedom of the Czech people, one is no longer free and the ather is dead! . fondément venu aurait contraire, natutellementHbre nation ration , ou profondémentrésist,é .à The disappearance of democracyin Czechoslovakia has evoked <the mast profound emotion throughout the world. Czechoslovakia was not <a country that could have been <açcused of ever having wavered towards Fascism <or dictatorship. On the contrary, the Czech people have always fought valiantly for therr <independence; having won itthey knew how ta organize<it, ta<create and maintain free institutions,<and whenthis liberty was lost again they have not failed ta wage one more <struggle~ ta recover it. Of the varions States that arase from the fust World War, Czechoslovakia was the one where democracy was the mostcompletely established and most deeply ro~ted, not as a ,regime which had conie from outside and ta which theCzech people had to make an effort toadaptthemselves, but on the' contrary as the natural regiIne of a people free by n.ature and worthy of freedom. Nor was Czechoslovakia a nation that cculd ,bereproached with any collaboration wha.tever . with the Nazi regime.,Czechoslovakia was Hjtler's firstor second,victim .and had"" always firmly resisted German' oppression. That is why, theevents that have occurredin Czechoslovakia ,have ,sa painfully ,and'so" deeply shaken all the, peoples of the' world. 1 càn state positively that no ,country has felt these 'events" more deeply than mine, in view of,the friendship which unites the French people tothe Czeçh people---'an oldfriendship wbich wasformed evell', before there was'~ "'lechoslovak;,State. prodUits· ment, monde. ne en au formée slovaque~' sens,. Finally, in orde,; tO'give these events their full meaning. W'e ~hould lio, dOi:;bt add that we' have observed the J'1;'FNal in Europe; which isstill uIldergoinf! such s"":&".';ring from the war just él1ded, ~enti de N",r canany onethink that without the immedi&te pï:'oximity of USSR forces the coup d'état of a JDÎnority could bavé succeeded or' evenhave been at~mpted.· .. Tha,t is why it seems to Us ·:qecessary that the Security Couneil; which is responsible for the Diaintenance, o~ '.. p~ace-peacè basedupq,n the pdnciples;inscr.ibed inth~ United Nations, Charter -.,.-sb.ould~re~e the fullbnPQrtance cof~ê;.complaintladged bythe (epresentative of Chile. .Jtk. GROMyKO (Uriioll .of ,Soviet. Soëia1i~.t :Jlndeed,is .if;~ i16t·ob\TÏôusthatthis commUDÎ;. .ReJp~blicsl (tr.anslàt~â.k-'fiiJiizRussia~).:.. Whèn dis'cuss!ngthequestioiLof whetbetor not to inekldi .the C.bilean communication in the agenda _of .fu..Seèwjiy Çouncil~thèdelegation of the :umon·of Soviet Socialist Republics, •. as is known, Clategoncally' .ôbjectedto. its~inclusionin.the agenda and. to its consideration by the SecUrity (~ounci1. 1 1>ointed out at that time that the C'hilpan ,coriùnÜDicationrepresentedap.,act ,of.Rrovoiation ..and, tha~ th~assertionscontainedin it wetecoIllpletè' fiction~, .. . ~~tiOll"iD,~tx.-.~laysil9f:onç~rn.':wl1atever 'for~JJ.e~afu{é~~ce ,.ofîntemâûQilalpeace aJ:ld sçC~tx,{~f#1rl.cl1~eauth()I~ ottliisdocwnellt make .such4'l)0Îltt?,Jllie:c0inmunicatiQnisintflT- ~:a;wiih..pl1r~sl}st0tl1at:effe.ct,~ü its.. a1Jtho~·;~"~ng~,1_;1~~stf,lPW'f:re,·.spur.t:~,d<byJove ~f.~ff~d.91JlllJ1dÎI1terJ:1aponal p~~ce.[B1J,t.in re@ty ~Ç~~rti:c5ns;*ètJ1ep.l1re~t.~eDlagëgyrandh~veSonl · .9~tbjllg(~o~~t1l~~re:il JDQti,vesbidC!eJ:lbeJûn~ ~,,~âr~~rel:'s~"m~'Ye J,,}" th~a'!1!ho~sof .'. t1Ii.~Ia ~uméati()n:~.the .as!rertiQns:tllattne(Jov- :.:,;',J'eiit' itnlié iIitàkin.ffii.Sste· 'hâ-s .boon ". .â;bY!ïlb~1ê;~dtivesf~,theD1ai~ten~~e'bf .~.~~JÇo~le~ely'~~ta-ç,~;·:f1)un#atiptf; alld iW;sleaddemainte~ · ~nly~ôp!è~'wJiQèc-aienaiveàl~d'fuexperiênced in · pôli!ic~: .. ..•..... •...•./L'o·•..••••......••.•..•..•••..' ': .•·Oji~:·~~(~~ythat nO'âUenti,pnsnouIdbec},8Ïa t6:'tbis'eIûiè}î):{.c()ncoctiôll~sincè"lhel'eisn()cJifli" .>êdîtjr}'m :i:914~rs~dingitsinteri!ion..BittLst!çb,.a coJiçl~~i9nwoUJd.nQt'bequitè-·'éotiect;;âS: tùe P19bJ~ li~. not .in:uC~e but in. those in1luential fore~ ,clrcles'without whose encoura&ement the '~flt '~g clique .f~ Chile could n~t _have J'aisea t~.s questi!?J.l':: '.' <.:: ·.~t·iftlJ~ll~~§Jf,~~~J~:~~~~~W~;th~.~~()~'l>~;~:;~~1ic~ "of"l.~~~l'~1!~'~Jû}~~~er~e~~~t.~hilsn~ f()[el~.Pl)~~C'~ltilP\Vl1:\ '-P0~~~l.lt,J.aÇ~ioply .~~~rFJm:t ~,ljgy~d.,~:t~~g~Wf~,l~tÏ'~~&IDg ,~.~~.l9l! ..' ~~';~~,f?!:-~~~;,~;}~,Jl~7d.aill~~pas;H.~e. ~'~~).~~'" ... :S~~ft·~q~:l\~!<,J,~;et~i~l' ~ ~:FmOJp~lt~yef.S:()f"9b~~!\9~coJ,!9m~~~1l~ ~t ft is not 'by ~h~ceJth~rçf9re, .tlmt ali SPJln ~s 'the submissionof the CbUe~ .çQJJ.UJJ.J.lllic{1.tion W the' Security Couneil became tmown, the world :pœ.ss, :including even the Americal!. press, was forced to state .that the present· Government in· Chilecould take tbis step" orny with'theblessing .of ihe~g eircles --et the United States. AlI 1hose who were only aWaiting a chance to organ- îze a new campaign Qf slander and lies. against .the USSR began to rob theirhands with pleasU1!', fortheyfound in the Chilean provocation a ll.l;:W -opportunity toinstigate liostility agamst the lJJ;1J9Jl .of Soviet Socialist R~publics.· . :m~" faire mUieWl: n'attendaient .mains :lienne ·Conseil I:t is lm~wn A~tforsev.eral t'lays prececfui~ the ~ubm,t~sion':t>f.the,Chilean .cpmmuniéation to fue ,6ecunty ,c~un.cil, .intense activity iCooId'he ob. ,$erv.e!i ~btn4 the..$~ne.sin .searchofaco-1Ultry wpose ~ov.emment· woqld, ~taJc~. :U'p0p. l~elf .the w.sk .. o!, malfi~g8\lcl1 .~r~qll~l.lt Jo. A~. S.e,eurl.ty 'Councj1. ItIS ~1~l:lr that ~Q s~-1e.specting· .sta~ tr~uver la vac{e:sol:<.l\l'aUCllD.Etat jriacNJ,ll;itiQns cou!~W'-ttçqÙe .l.l~cl). j\ .~ ;md tPankless bÎJSÏ.- p~~s.Th~ .rlngl~Q.der~.Qf au 'these behÙld-the-- :5cen~sm.~~.ati.9n~ ~4.n()t.find .it~diènt ta .~Çle$tk~ ;b.at~tep ·~~~ve~. But. it .ap~ ~at ~~yiliq· notlmyeto :;eek longtofind poli- Jll~me&. ;dû .riers l'.lJ,PllJleur borneront ,eependantpas ti~~aÇlv.ennu:ers.who ~er~ ~dyl~r,e,ve,rytàjpg, . ~eaç1y to .sellthe. hpD.O\lr ~pcoJ1sçi~n~ of tlJ.~i,r ,own· pe~ple ;(lIlly to ·'c~favQurwith1beirma~ ,te,('S. It 18 ·to beassum~d Utatintbi$çase,1l$Ï:n ·an.othercases.of this. p.ature, -tllQ.se· ma~e~ .Will .~onfinethe~selv~ ~e~Jy'~ :p~the -s.uoul- . ders of their ChiIean lackeys. But :dJe ,staïn·of . ~isgrace whic}t will fall uoon Chile becl\use of iili~·gu,iltof 1terpt~sentYAA~1'q1~rs.wUI'PQt .he :~a~He{l ()ut.fôtà.1ollS tim~.t.q~oJl1e,··· " '. The~e c~ be no do~bt that the·working::pèopIe of Chile, like every honest man in the world vailleuse ':lfeel()nl~,~JlJst1Qr~fu~.flJ~tiQ,n!LOf~J)(e$ent ··4aIJ~ :..ean .rpJ~t:s... ~.~.Cli)1~gwp.eople 1œQw jh~t .~)~.a~ewe~~ ~41Y a1e~JAIDY1ç1]1~W~Q baye sffid~~~ "._ 1p the fQre~ ~a~~~S;.F~prq.(itfrqDi~~bac,tiOllS :.mtdj~~ttbe·peo~~~·~heU1s~lves will. ~~'~J1gtWl.'$, Vendule~ ~~~Ull~ ,tbeJ;'~lat~()Jls·.~een:GbU~ ;,~dtJ1~~ ',qileJç iJ?•~ÇtJJ1WY.b.QJ4p1~·,Brip, eAA~9ini~,~d~a.ppo~séA~ .~ ..~t!~~~()I.t)v:~Jl' ~~bçoW1tr:Y, i!J'egG ..•..y~~.d _ :v~rita'bl~~o»,ttôle~~o~o,pljg~e Tr. ~r~aW'pf "~ .'. JU~~~ ..Ey.çry,çhil.~n{@,I1Il"et .P~}"~; 'W~ wpl'lc~,c-<l~dt7~ ~.~bopt.tN~Jl~ wppl~ .pqtfe.:qJl~lfePni~~~"oJlv,ri~r d~~ ~J;4ve. ~~b~\Chlleal1s.~0:49 SO, \wr~.lPilg,;~t:p,e:l;1J~~~JP.~JPe,ceWcqpi ,,,.,.Th~,:v~l'jr'ficittJil."*.. t~ePm.·l~~i~u. m.·· .. ·ca.û~k :s:~:nJ:~ \Ipes' not conta·.··· .'. gl ..... al 'il" .' .. ".... '.. 'VislibitaDtiiifàIi~ .~~~-'1~,p~;.1- e~?,..!towev~ '~,~n~eAtlP:~ .", ..,~, ,.,.,~'VoJ#.Ql.me::l,n1n.l7, ,speaksfQl' . in. ~tselfTh' ,. . . ..Ot>:· .' .'. '~''1:.;.~_' ...• ' . , ,,'r:' ,t .. c9mmM1~rll ....o».·ppntams .;J~aJ Je- J.u.i-:m. petï,tlon·pfaUth·· ,.... ,·t········ ..fd··· .' ·d.· ... " ,..','. . " +-;.' ,,;e g,rgpm~n. ~)a~.JJC1i\l ~1the)ri,Qcu" -m~~.~i~és~~le~~~ntPerAAf.~n·~Pl'é-·· 1A~~~s~1?J111tt~è;lby~ .fonner~lW~~tive ..of,~e1.1tan,t4e ·C~eçh~~loJf\Ri!.l.W·-the .·..l1nited.,N:ati9nS,'~ho'has .niSlltiOll,4~s ~rPlre~lV1~ '!û~: l'e~plean4 rqeen ,remo"~4·by tbe sanationeti!~ ...... ;l;ecl1osl~"a~a.n,YQVe.l'}J.D).e,ntfr(;)J11. tbe;PjJ~t ;wJrlch de· he had preVlously occupied. Itcpntains the .SaD;le lui. ~~e..'~." """~..~!ion,'.' :w.eœ.. ". '.' ~o~.•~.ptlDgft9plany. ~.'.. d ;~ 'S~~~q~OL\ cqol app~ ol·tb.ç. facts.< bl\t ,on the Instructions of people who stake th~it.own ~y ~cul~ti.ons~ upo~ ..& .~sc~ssion, of tbiSq~es~ 'tiOh, iiltJiè. Secup~.CQ~ên. . . j,:' . ~ '. '.. . .~:Thb q'uestionarises as towhat theauthonof ,thè,:(lliilean \communication wàù.tf~·and ·what thbse .pèopli'want who do their utlnost to provè the 'need for diseùssing it m 'the .Security Council. If ·that docwnent and the àdditional statement madesé<;urité by:the'representative of ChUeareclearedoftheir'docwnentet <verbal' 'trimmings .and demagdgiC' covering; it·is nOt· difiicult to observe.",hat' they'; àreaiining at.·· ~It'is;not·.d.ifficu1t tà observe that beJmqdthe'~;. ~_eommU!1ication Jie-stbedeske t{)mte~ei'êm the internaI at1aïrsof'Czechoslovaldà, ~tQ. dictate ,tq·.tlle ~oslovak~ people·hQW,the.ysI:tould·settIG· \.,,tpeit·own·internal '8ffaii$, and: m .partlçularth.e·peuple \,ce~ppsitjon of·the ,~chO$lovakian.. Gove~ent. \ .., .... ' . \~f ;wopld, .01 co~e,o bè futile to .exPect ~','~ertes,Jl au~rS"·otienIy .ta ptochliin ~that they_"WiSh 'lb !dictàtê. tci thé"peôple, of CzêciioSIovakia tIie do- 'iiiê5tl,ê:aîièl !fQrci~polie.Y' wlü~lt ~t jhouid 'ad~toi' 'That \vQüId';bê aItogc~lier tbo Cnide antf.intlecent. -Büt ir~eélea(the' Clûleànconuntmié~ti,Qn oHls ~ètnpty P1ù'ases aoout lc?ve..~o~peâêèân4 freed~. :'aiid1àskwhat the' rem'drift dfJhafcommunièation, 1~'·:Jt~~~~~~:.:èi~n1~:~~~~~::J'J:IQ= pepp,!.e iS"$)t s~g.enough ,tojhanagei~ dd~ .èonèlusion:·que 'Diestic~by itself, and ~eed$tobè'Ji~derDation ;'some .$Ortof toieigii ~ tûtelage.',~"-··,,~,"c· ~-;,- C' • ',. '.,régler , . . " ". " . ;:.~: ""~ -, ." . ...'.. • ~ , . ..•• ". ! .' ~ ~~ ~..,. :~.}~.,:~",+ ...,-;2~ ~,. __ ~:_-:::_.-·~:':-~~·1.~-:c.-~,~~~"", -'<"_' '. ~ .,.~:.....; .-:~-~":,' {;l'Jt~~pr~isely tJùs which m~the'subject:vitI1e ;, ChiIean conununï98tïon'and .the·'sta.t~ment,'.Df'!thè' ChiIeaJuepresentàtive. This is ju~twhat is wanted:bien .jYltl\Q$Q;WhQ.~ete~'ponsibl(;.fort4at.co'mniûni- ;:Ù!$piré:,Cétte,noté:" ~çaûonfan<1 :wh~> inspjred~if~- ,..;_"';''':<,,:. ~!:':nili( l's ~j~dènt':aiè'o~ ,tra~~the ·~tiltèniè~tS' of' ., '$8.:.n'liin.(" ",ili ...'ê ~." Ul:.·m.·..te.d."':.S.'tâ.Ife.o.s.. an.;'d~~àIs. G.·· '1W Dihé';m~t1·1GngàoÎi1. ::-Iii"thè'Sli:~fatèlÎlents "~ ~~f' pl~··pf,·t1iè_.Àti~o~Arite#è.al(kltJi; .~$'seÇ'têt ~d~)o.~€7-eèllbslo~~a;·' W.. b1êildy'·.···· teveâl~~. 10~aq~!,~aft '~~iy~ar~.'~~~~~;~~.B,i~~~p~Ii~~i~iis h ...na.;.în.'"n:'on.·tf.mâil.· '.l.ée. ·J;~~r·~~v:.f~;:~~~p~;:~s~~~i~é~~~; .~Wl..... . '.' .'. :'d~~Q.cr~~c,,:a~s,:çomp. ;~hê~ ~!!tIf,,,,, ". ",om~craeYQf.:~~ ·#~9~S.~90tt .;....:md ·;&tteJD.Îitiîlg to firicla:,cOnmtQhdeJ)olIlU111to:t\bet.. ·~~en.th~·~~r ~c1.at, àn~#J;~r,~' thçy;'~ljJ!sea' :n.'ftlie1.@.DWId.that.:Jt;qe;pe.0l'1.e.•..•.:P.fCz...ecb.oslo.-.' .... afWr·im(!Uônt .. "is'()!thè,Bitlên(e :on;Tfîad" o~~rq~eign':'olicy bôlüJ.~?üIr ~'Of.ft.ïè~o'Vlet ',itï; ..'.,d''fimily;T em ';. ...c!'ssùcn '~·U(tliê·r . 'tt'Stâ.ies '1tM<d()'~1i1ôiê.;.thai1!'dêii' C;;i,),';i}:((.i:." ;~}ffi~;=~t'~=~~;-;~~~~~"f .".':~'~;:~:!)OY~~~'P~ ~e·West~mPowers~hi\.Ving sold"out Czechosloyakia,made a shameful deal behind her back with the Fascist aggrêssor, a, deal. which lies like a dark staiti 'on the records of' those Westem Powêis,'aIldwbïch will long be Iemem.bered by the people ·of Czechoslovakia, and not bythe people of Czechoslov..akïa alone.· It ~ long. be remembere\c1by Many otherpeoples, oeeallSe the betrayaI of'Czeèho~lovalda perpetrated' at Munich~ which was the logî.Cal consequence ()f .the.l'olley of, the Wes~rn. Pawers, •ïncluding. the ' United States; of dfrectly enccn,u:agingor at leastgiving economicassis~ce to the Fascist aggrèssprs, was ~e~anW~~C~~s"?~e~~~~~d~::~U:~:; mto the bloodle~t and most destructive' of wars. . " . ~"~' . - " , !', ~: .,.- . ,... ':.' . '.. :;' \ ·~.-we· 'lôô~ àt'th~:P:t~(~4~ppr~isei~ ~:~he ll~t ~,?~, the. ~a~t~v.rhiC?h 1!~v~. a1;ea~y .be'c-o~~ kn0ym,we s'Ijall become. even. more firirily eoi1~ yinèe~,"f'l1Qwrl~ht ,~e peop~e~of 'çz:cl1()srovaki~ wer~ ~o.r.égaTd ~~h, sU9h .de~l' SUsJ:llc~on th~1ong::p~ci9n<ptofQndeàl'égiU'd,-desagisse~wntSauxque~ contmuede.fforts ',of influèntial :citclesfu'tlie tl1Û~éd'S~tes anQ ,th~'tJï1Ïted: Kirl;~domJoh1cIttde Czechoslovàkiain thèiroIbit.at any price,.to take itsforeign' ana domèstic.'J)olicies·.undèr ';&ek ~ontrol and'toissueotdersiolt .~t theirdisere~ lioJ;l,· .~s.they .l~s\lè~ ~ ot~~J;s. to 'some'ot~èr St~t~ !{biçh.ha~TeJn.;1'e.ajityJost~~ir h,ide.p~;1l,deIlc'eJlpfl sa"~~~eelgntsp~ theIr;'1(j~~stié'aI:ujJo. ~7~~ l'9~~lèsàuties]~~ats llA.. ~.' , .' ..... ',. :,:, .,~c~eOetir,S()uve.ram~tédansi]edomain.e.dela '.. . ..." .'.\.'''' ..'.,."....., ',In t]Ie)iè;Jît 'of llewfact~",hich h~v.eI'ep~lltly bécoine' known, .. t1l~. poliey·of·th~;,Unite<1 ..States and.the UI.1Ïté~. K@gci0Îl}. .toWârc1s. ç2;~g!toslc!Y~;J. has 'Déèorite.evencle~ei'::Tfieèqëiishea,prans o,f tùpse 'States.'fof.t'hesubjecfjonofG,;echoslôvâlda tô"the~ ·.pé,>1i,ficâlanq'e<fG:n0mië :ë(j.n4'oIhave!'be:-~~o~ 'oônie':~v~n more "eviaeIit;Bu~ ~at\the ·saDi~Vtirh."'è soIllet1iihgerselia(becoine'eVi4~I1t..ltMsbè.coine ~vicren:tlli4t .tltese:plà:Q.s havr{fiUled;:Tbe'C?ec.ho~ '"slov~kpeoplehàvoftusti'ateà,tlïeni'1.ieca~,se'thèY!~swts 'Nere·in(:ompatible:Witlühéii"fUl#r8nl~~l'!1,a..4Q~al ~ter~~~s,;r' . . '/.:, il:';' ,:",'\,:,. ]"-../:,' '~~~; ··:.···;~e~~:Pt~~s~·as~~~'~q~·R~~b1Î1~·.~~~;· .~~~~ c()I,1r;trtict~lI' '.9nJhè.inis~âk:~n;s~pp~ii!i,()n, ~*~A fèw:' reactionàry a~d venal ~p-QUticiàns lA,.Czechà~~rrt.ijiP~"l'~li~cie.p.S';é~~ti0W1ajIe.~I~t.~ slovàIda would ae' victorious, .that thes~ people would succeed.in deceiving ~heir count~en, and, thatwith their. :help Fit'w:ow(i-bepossibletb ~(Jilaw. CzechoslovaKia.·within. the range'ofthe,4C'Nfarshaij! ,Plan ";'whiéh,is 'c~culated-to'ènslaveothetrçotpi41 wesandpeoplesàn&'SubjectthenrtotheiriterésïsMàtsh~;,'Plàtl';:q11Vyi~~êà~I".l3-ssertt,isse of··flle'Amerlean )nonopolis~!whos~greed kilOW$ no·.bounds.·. Thet:e"were·'indee'd ••m'C'2echoslovalcia csol1le venal politicms, •. hopelessreactionaries'În the.'field.of domestic l'0licy,who,having been -' I~ .'\Vas ·J'rèèiSeiy'in. acèoidance WiUt this will of .the' peeple tJtat action was ~tàbn bythosè politiCians and parties ,lnCzeel)~slb:vakia who wereguided by,tIlc interests of the countrY and the ~terests of ~ peopl~ itselfl and not bythe ~tetes~of the foreign exchange marks from Willl Street and the City of London-whieh,by the wày, 'has ooly the position of contract6't to its senjor American p,artner. 'These Czec)),oslovaldan parties 'an!f statellDl~n, true sons and daughters of tbeir people, held hi~ the banner ofbattlc Dgainst the foe during the years of the Hitl~rite occupation, and bave now acted likettuc. pa~ots, fonowing the peoplenlong the, road chosen by that people.'. ' They,',and the people,()f Czechoslovakia ,85 ,a whole,. proel~ec:l 'WlbesitatingI.Ytbatthe late 'of Çzechoslovakia as ,anindependent 5tate wasclose- Iy' ,bound up, with .tbat of the USSR, which, during the darkest days of the CzeçJloslovakian ~çpu~lic, Ilever ,deserted the people ,of Czecho- S)ovakia,. and whase. warriors-"raïsed 'the banner of l'ietoryover "Prague. whên,.after driVing the' Fasclst troops, from. all SovietJèrritoges, they màde ,tbeir. histo.n.c\1ÎCto~,m~l\,.jQJhe,wil4 beasfs lair.tif :F.ascist(1ermany__Berlfu. }3very-' bè)dy, can'UJlderstand tlmt in aimin.gat ,collabOo! ratiqn witbthe'U$SR, the peClpleof Cze.~hoslo­ vakia andtbc poIif:icaI p~es8JldstateSl1le~ wh.Q ~e _true. to il, .are not o.nly not viol,atjng tb~ () ,obligation inheren~ in, ~e., tast of maintainÙlg inte1'J111fiOli_~. ~ace;and securiur.'bui,on the~ol1~ ~~:are.ae~g~;tlilJ::accordlqlce with the fUil- ~ntal~tçre~ts()f 'peace-Iovin!'peoples, .be~ êau8e the'USSR.was' and romains .the true chmnpiol\ of the.ca.useof'.pel\c~ and'equâ,lity..8D!0*gst th~peoples.. ' , , ' a'he~ople.ofCzechoijoYakia,and 'its ,demo- ~c'$atlÜ)tic parijesand,statesm,eD are·notonlY J1pt ,'. Y!clatiiigbut.~ ,llC~. in',lwlaccordlUice Witb,tbefuDdalPlental natiQnal- ÎDteresJsof the p;:opIes' 'oLtf1~'we~tem:countd.es, iineluding .the pepple .(;)fthe United States,ÎDwhose. intere~t,it llIlquestionablyij ,that· ~e,and, ~eeurity ~puld he :tQ8intainea. This JlOliçy"displeases only a}ew f-j)litical ad,"businesseù;cles,,in tbetemtorie~.ôf the ",westem •Powers whien are:.lUÙortu11atelyin- ,#lue~fial and areattempting.to,idelitifytheirnar- 1Qw,Iaigely;:màterial'and seif~s~ekipg",in.~~sts Wîtb;'tf1e jiàtionâliJi'tnsisOlffie-pe~lë~f:'f~'tl'-"~(c\ cOuntPesanélwiqt ,tbeit interests intbe ff.?M g~ international afah., . , ',' , '-'---'.' ' .. . -; ,Il Î5,precisely for tbat' reason',tbat '~'Jiii.et-~~. longingtosuel.t circles have raised suchan .outery OJ) the occllSÎ,Qftofthe <eventswhich' have taken pla~inCzechaslovaki*.. Itis'lX'eCiselyfotthat JC85OD. 'thaLth9sc";@.ytnts the.mselves ~ their slQnifi.clU!çearepteSèDted,in a"falsc ligbt ,and tbat ·pubUc Gpinion ii})eing Jed astrayas to tbeir real D1~aDÎIlg. . '. , . . ~lt _____•."__,,. .M'.r,_en__"fiI'_BIIl_" III nss 71 'W Il; =, "'" . .~!!! What is it in acw~'1 faet that has. happened in Czechàslovaida and~een the occasion in th" United States, the United Kingdom,. France, and some other western States,. for such an unbridled campaign of mendacity and slander agains~ Cze.. choslovakia, its Government 8!1d its peoplè,. and at the sq,me time against the USSR; the true and faithful friend of thè people of Czechoslovakia ? What has happened in CZêchoslovakia, and why is it that some statesmen, patticularly in the United States; choke with hatred and perhaps with fear when people taIk about the Czechoslovakia .of today? Everybcidy knows that changes have taken place in the composition of the Government of Czechoslovakia, andthat there havè been.expelled from itsome reactionary and mer-- cenary politicians who broke with their own people and betrayed.it. ' ' It is now no longer a secret that solne of these pèople, andpàrticularly the leaders ofa partythat was infiuentialin L.e past,.the: so-ealled. •• National SociaIist PartY u, hadconcocted a' plot against the Czechoslo.v3kian Republicand were preparing, not withoathelp from abroad, to overthrow the Czechaslbvman Govemment and.tbrust a knifc into the back of the Republie. . The Government of Czecnoslovakia ;hàs'~n reorganized' in' order ta ïnclude" instead,mincJi.. viGuats who havegone intoretiTement aftercompromîsïng themselvesin the eyes, orthe 'people, otherstatesmen and pâtd.otswho listlm ta thatétaient With reference to this, the official communiqué of the Minîstry of InternaI AtIàirs of· Czechoslo.. vakia has been published. Everyone intcrested. ID this question may acquaint bimself with thatcommuniqué even fron'! Ïhe reports publishedin tlte American press, which of ~ourse' notoriusly .and fiagrantly distorts even the façfua! aspeçt of the events that have takenplace in Czechoslovakia. people's·voicearidhe~rtbeat. .... . .AlI·thîs, as is weIl Imown,lias 1akeI1 place' in .anorganited way and; in.accordance with the will of'toe pedple, 'sincé' it .was .'. in~eed ,done •by t'he people itseif.. In the 'present Governmettt 'of Czê- choslovakia;" the Communist Part-J bas more representatives than any.otherparty. TheCommunistsof CzechoslovNda may take pride in the fact th2t theyhave won· the ..confidence ofthe people, às,indeed could not be otherwise. They bave shown the people'the truth, they have made cleat tothem d.'e ~tle!en~e.~et\!ee.tt th,eir Iea! andsupposed menas. AS ln me tl'YU'lg '$,carsof the Occupationil' when They Wë~ in thé.~ ra,nks., ..~::~, ".- , .' ~ 1.. ::.:\. " .... , ..,.. ' ": '~. ,', t~. 1':"IIi'CzèêhbsloVaIda'''âsin;~ôt1ief:;cowitties~ Qf East~ Europe, ,ùDpbrt~{'chatigês:ilfe;:be~~ift~ trOdùëe.d iId1ie econOnllC :ff~ld -m: o:rdet 't.~ resliaPë the country's economy 'accot-ding •to;'detn'âcratiëfonds pf.inciplès. 'The·ù:ationaIizatiân of;indusU;Y.iS ,beïng càrriethout,aqd:the:large'Janded:estates,at.e 'being hrokeJiup, while,tlie;laild,itse]f::is being· distribu~ ted;amongst. the IandIèss peasanaand,those ;With si:na1l'holdin~that''is tà say,.amongst.thosé.wilo WDl'k ,on .the land. Effectis,bein,ggiveà to·plans fOr! a series ofdther dèmoêratic transformations, the: néed forwhÏéh,. as.for,'air<itsélf, is;felt. by pe.oples ofrilany'countries ~f.EUIOpe. andnbt:of Europe alone. Allthese changes.în boththe economic, and',the political::fields.represeilt" à,· very 'Solid achievementtotbeot~dit ofCzecho!llovakia; andcan on1y be,dreamt olby 'the industrial, agri~ ouIturàI andcleriéal w6rkeX's ot Many· othèr coun~ tries, whose statesmenlike.·toÜ\ke pride in a democracy wbicnon close inspection is'obseried ~Ùihave aconsumptive fi.ushon itsfac.e..· , .. , " , , ,... :'Tbepre~ent 'Cz~ch:osloVakian' Goveniment, ~~rèssingthe'WiIL:o~:thepeoplei ,is· consistently ,carrying, outa programme ofdernocratic 'refo;rms .in .the:country•.~ead~.of.'living on American ~hari~:with th" labél ",MarshallJllan".attache4 lto .it~,-Cze~hoslo:vakia, J),.as~ decide4., whîle. collab{;}:o ~~ting ,withanotber.·,S~~tes::. whicb;,wish, to '!e~ borate.with it,on equal ternis for the maiD,telumç~ 9f'~ÏIlte1ll~ti,qn~peaçe\and security, to Jèlyop.-its; :9WJ! :r~SQurces,for-~"de,vel9pipen~!qLits· ~p- .no,my an.d culture., " " "; .. ::,i ~>:I.hàve, '.dealt. brlellY ;,~î'th" tbeevents ,that:'have :tilken place in. Oz.eÇh(lslova!Qaa.nc;hwith:the.rea-:së :sons ~hy they. ~vo~ep lSuch'an..olltcry,,:partiéularly; ·in ,the Anglo-SaJOh countries.: In.!hiS,c~imeXion, iit.is not' supetfiUQUS to·p.oiiif o,ut.'that changes.in' the composition 'of-govenù:nënts are. taking.plaœ: ~Qt .. on1y.,P1: ,Czec~~~.ov~a::~ S~p. .çhl;lnge~ ,are; ;~ng:!,laceÏIl, qth,~r.ço1pltries ~so. lh~ diffe; .r~p'de. isn.tèr.ely;tha.t~ C~C~9sIQvalci,a. tJt~ pe9ple' ;tl1~m~elyes,.hav~:brOl1~t, BgO\lt these" changes, .wl!ereas Wsome 9th~~: ~hjes quçs~onsa~ to' the co~position' of-the gover:nweIJt, 8!e. deelde.çl Jn, Washi,ngtoD·QCm ,çertain quafters in,the. busI- ; ,ness, seetiQn ,ô! Manhattan. . , " . "-, "";; , Wc shan natseek far for exampIes.Let lIStake ,~QunqiesJike'ltaly, }i"ranceand. G~ece. Who ,secured tb.~ rec:entreorganizatipn ,of the Frençh ·§Qy.emtnentwithout cônsu!ting the French ,people ·~d·in contradiction.of its~ésirè.,lt" expressedat :the:electiQ)'ls ?:It i8 nQsecr~tt().anybody that this .•,doncby ,the; United~ States. Any ~ew York ""otel·doPnn;m· ,will tell You ·about it,· The .dure.- ,...'enee betweel)' tbis-'an4:th~ rcprgE,lti%atiQn. 0{ .the. ~.'ililll'•• '111111115•••J••• 'lIjlllll!lIl1?II!!i1!m.iliMI!Il.\'-~••IIÎMiIlrlï._._--_.~----_!D! '·Who secured·the recent·reorgartization of the ltalian Govem1ilent, which' resulted ID'the exclu.,. sion from the administration .of the· coùntry of',a party with one of the largest falloWings? Everybody knows thatthis "was' done on' the insistence ef the United States,Iwhichapplied a' poliéY .of crude eqonomic and political pressure cin Italy, apolicy of blackmail. Every co\vb~y in the :United States can tell us about that. \ . . In this conne?ÇÏon,' iS not the. present policy of the United States Government towards" Itaiy very significant in view of the approaching'elections of 18 April? To what lengt.bs is the United States Government not prepared to go in order to secure results in those elections which will comè as close as possible to' fulfilling jts 'wishes ! We have here bath promises and threats, both the whip and'the cake. It is, of course,"no secret ta anybody that the United States Is at present carrying out in Italy a crude policy ofpressure and blackmail. Thatis theofficial,openly'~proclaimedpolicy. On the one band they talk in the' United States about -the' needfor freeand unimpeded elections. On the other hand tliey·are afraid:bfsuph eIections and openly say· that .the United States may proceed without regard to the will of the Italian people and indepemlen~y. pf.. ~e, ~stribution qf p()wer Fhich"will t>e' ~stàblisbe'd-hetWeen flle. V~Ol1S politiéalpa!tiés in thn!' countrY '~sa resù1t .of. the ~le.çtions .. In. the United States, .this is calleda ~èniocratiê:process:Inother cOUÏJ.tries. it, i~.can~d çrudeinterference .on. the par~ of one.country ID, the internal itIairs of another.èopiltry, a p'olicy 9fblackmaU'and bribery. . .. "...... . .". . ,,". ~ . "Wha gives ol'dersat bis. cliscretiôn to the .pre~ sent Government of Greece.? Who"exercises ·full control overthe domesticand foreign pollcie& of that Govet.nm.ent, which, as everybody knows, ha~ long sinee ceasedto have any policy oUts own ? Everybody knows that' tms .control is •exercised by ruling circles..in the United States, V/men are guided' by their sèlfish military,. stràtegic; and commer,' " interests. Every parrot in. tbe United States {. ...... tell you about :this~ i But" fOI" reasons which'are' und'>'fstancIable. it is not done to tallç. about. tliis in the United States, the United ~gdom and'sorne othe'r western Countries. Ta any mention of these faots the clip.. l()mats oCthe United States aÎld of the United Kingdom r~:ply, wÎth a proph~tic smile.It is easy !q "unders~andw;hy. They: ~ow very; weU, ~that nt Czechoslov~iaitselftl!e"'p~ople~ettle th~ir ow~ 40mestic ~~rs, in~ludi~g-;thll' ço~P.Q~tiqll of~~ ~ Shall.:now prôceed to.deai ;witÎ1, the ,second luéJielous assertion hi the Chîlean communication, the assertion that the ë·vënts. in ëzechoslovakia w,~ri .t1I:ë tëswf of mtetfereiiëè, b~ the USSR. N~' tan bé.mOrë.absurél tIiâlî alàt· assertion; We, œ pe:ople ôf Hie Soviets, àlè n~~ ~uprised mat tlie old nietItods âl'è. employèd on this oecà-' sion:. alSo 1,y thosè wIio.arè mrea1ity liarbouring. -'8lÏd ttot o~ hâtbèniri'ng but,Mtuallyearryfng 911t-plans of expansion~ who regard some other Stàfè§" àlnidst as btarich offices of Wall Street, âÎ'1d thë (iovetninenfs of those States as salesmen fôt thatfinanêial ànd industrial institution which has .become asynonym for war, profiteering and boundlêssgIée,t· Apeculialéonformity to law may be observed futhemssemination of·the slander and lies direct· éd agaÎliSt· the .OSSR, and: in the. loud protests agairistaUeged Soviet int~rferencein theintemal affilis of other States..The oûtcry against such alleged futederence is. loudest when the United Statesarid'its junior partner, the United Kingdom~ are applying or preparing tg apply ~ethods of mtenerenee in the internal affairs of ather States whieharë èxirème1y cmde and undisguised, going so.!aÎ, fo.r example., as'the open interv~qon now ~a.tïpg plaœ belore the cyes of the wnole world in C-cièeèe. ' 'i'hr..y attémpf fô tôvêr theiî" oW:d è:ll:pânsfoilist' '''liçy With 1~udpfofC5fs agàirlst SOVlët Ï!itet.fe~ nméè! in tbè ittférft81 âffaid of nthér Stâfes. This' i~ .an."Id üd familial' fucthOd,tht J11éfb6d .01 ,.Sr0p wei!" Bût if i~timéto ~howultthèsë Uiet!~& fô-~ _wÎ!~~Jr:tey.aiè, and to. expose.tht>sê w1iB àrë re1QfycaftYing ouf an eXpànsiomst po: litYi trànfplïng tipon •tfIe èlênienta...·,. tights of ~mMler imd'WElllket eoUtitries and Ilations; pu11ing an kmdS oflevets ta ëi:ên éebiiomie· and :poIitî~al press.me. on other .çounmes',,· and exp!oitin'g the economic neëds of those éoonttiell for selfish enàs in ~rdertoput their own economy'on a beffet footing.·at .those counmes' expense, insute thenisl:'lves, againstecollomicerisis~ and establisha: ~etwork of IllUitary :and strlttegîe bases' disperseéi througbo!;lt the whole W';'l'Id.....,.all this with tlie aim o~, carrymg out an eXpâlt~01ÜstPQli'Cy lit the expense.of Gther'counmes and peoples. We do not know whether the authors of the C~àn COtttniùt1Îelltll)ï1 Me .Càpable· 'of uttderstanding that· the pe0plê. of Czechosl6vàkÏa wilî not allow' attYDnè to·poke hi~ nose into tliéir·gàtdèn. Those peopl~ pôssess· enoügli .mtperïence; skiIl af!d Pf" 'el'· of .endurariee .Of th~ ÔW11. ta be able tb séttid tb,é'pfl6blems of tlièir o'Wn dott1esnc llfe 'tmd fotéi~ policy. Wè denot know"whetJie~ the a;tnh<jt!'if;jl thl~dUé~frleJit tlÎ~çàpablê tiftlndëJ;'- .. ..$tatrd_ ~\t tllttYSSR h8i iiôthiDg tddô\ \vitH at~ famlliàt \Vith 'the actùàl sitn9.tion. We have no dQubt they know that the Us~'R· has ll0thing to do with tI1is matter, and that the campaign of slander agaînst tlie USSR which they ate working up is withont: foundatioÎ1. But theyflnd it neCèSsary ta drag out an thÎs ol~ rtibbish front the F~()pagàIîda'kitehen of Goebbels, who of course tt1ways tried to frigltten everybody, including the Gè:m.Wi people, with the bogy of the USSR and Gô!l1tt1U1iism. ,-' , Likè Goebbels, bis rivaIs in the same kirid of propaganda hantmer c()ntinuously at one and the same point. They keep on attempting to proV'e that the causes of aIl their failuresin the foreign policy and even in .the' domestic affairs of their countties are comnulllîsm and, of .course, the USSR. They dreainof phantoms iIr red l'aint. When awakethey consider that every' man is a cammunist who utters ~ single ward about the need for improvingrelations between" for exampIe, the United States' and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.They imprison people. wlJ,a demand '. an improvement ID relationswith the Soviet Union and unveil the warmongers' plans. They are. prèpared to put up signs at eVèty streêt crossÎi1g Îtt the big t~swattlÎîlg agàùist demands for imprôvemettt in reÎations betwéen the USSlt and the United States. In the press and t>l1the fiidiü they snoüt ftenziëd1y abOut the danger of è~û11is'tfi ând, ef coùrsé, about thè .. band of MOSèbvV ", which tp,ëY sée in âlI thèit mtematiohalâîld•evén domêstit fallures. You may hear tIieir hoarse voÎces every day on the wireress, always uttering .war4ings.of the danger of communism and the '.' m~cb.inati()ns of Moscow il. Theif prop~t:''i'{dâ tg .distnj,utÇd by Ïle~spàpers âtIdmagëJ,1t:,,::t; with â citêu1tt~ofi .d nillliO!\S, on the ~elel>..,:')yJughthe th1em~,ài1d somefufièS evëtt froni. tltépull'its br thé ,chmchës. Thé purposeôf this orchestra of many v'ôicesLebutdefOlllèGéftèoi'GhèStratiOn-,à is to deceivé theà'oWn peoplé' •This is of colirsefiiul!'iple a matter .of împortailcé fôr thé wmmongefs,fo1' lheyknow thatthe people Will.1iotsupport them if, they mowthe truth, Ùl pârtiéulàT the truth about thé .ussa. They are' afraidof tbis .~ mote' than·of· anythmg elSe, ·beeause: it would unveilthe. expansionist;.aggréssive plans they .are nursing. The number of thesewarmo)lgers is not. smaH ancl; wllat is mostunfo~i1~r.,it)s con- StaIlt1y increasing, Sorne of thè~ê gentlem!3t1wefe named by the USSR delega~dn atthe last ses~iop. of the General Assembly. The choicestspeçimens were not even offendedby this. They publicly affirmed that their purpose is t~ provoie a war, and they even expresseà Ilatisfaction that,ent::ne. ~tates".and tosome extent of t1leJJnited ~gdom. Isày Il to some extent .. because;~ce the-United Ku.tgd!;>nl.lÎàsfallèri into the orl'it' of American poRcy ilis .'. stilluncertain what 'appearance that co~try~pr~ent a.fter sometime.has elaJ?se~. ltis amte .possible that~e British·Lion will soon fiit~,i~'·taM:. ~ pethaps legsr andperliapseven a hea~~r~',_<' ,.....; ..' ' . . ",Ev~rybodXknows.thatp..organïcally :essential p~~,ofE;tI1iS,A:qg1o-American. l'olicy istbe restol'a~GnQf'the ind,ustriaL~t(engtlhof Western. Ger... JlWly,j;e.;~het3Ï,Sing.of·Gern)allY's WaI poten~ tiat •nis"otcouise~ Î8'not"being. carried out.in the.interest$ of,tbe-Oerman.people,·'much less in the-:int~reseof-,tb~'Q~eJ'Eutopeanpeoples",ho lt~yeswtered:ü:9mmt1erite:!l~~sion.:It isbeing carriéd out in the interests of Amédcatiimpena.., lism,whi~h .bas set itself up as suzerain,' over.the coûntrle$i.ofI!uropë/· ...' "J." •... ~ ·.'Tii~"OS~~:~6f';çO~~~, 'h~~~~Ï1ot :âcç:.èded:to ~is RO~éy';:.whi.èl1..js '~o ·s'I~gétou.s~d sofr~.ught~ WiC,1 ~èti6ys::,'çQ,llséqq~ilces.·~()n.; tb~pe()ples,QtBll!,'ope iina: ,thcifr.hîdeoênde .cè~.Md .}heUSSR ;J.~:n()t àl&1~'·Üi··iiSr~frisaï~~fS-:affit4aê:td-t».~ ~~$hall tahJri•. ·i& isn~ed:,PY.à;nmpq~r::()f~~9îhe~~EUrôpeâIl Stafe$;mê~Q.dliig:C~ecljo~19\fatd~, wliqse,~ec()n9my an.ifwfi()se~iiidUstry 'in-l'artiCulaI are mufoubtedly oE~ittlp6rtartce;for<any plan}of.conabor~tion betw~n'~~ Emopëan·States.:::"';";'c J ..:rf~Chosl~vaki:ës'·: tèrosat 'fi> ~O'participâtè' :iJl:··the Mà!Shall'PlaJ{ftàsmadèit-irilnQssible ~or itseèo- !!'?lIit~~~ili~~;ttyJo ~~è~p(s~~.èll.an~ê'i!;IYé ~9SÇ~~()f~à:t"th~ .dlScretiQIt.of . 1he -:Aînenc~p. an(J'iJrifîsh ·1lliàlicierS·â.tîâîDdùstrialists.'CZz~c~~"· slQvakia wasand remàins a sovereîgç. State'and~ lïke: .~y. self-l"~spëÇting,St~t.e, .1S prep~fed::t_o ~oUa- 'llIll<Etat: ,hl1l'a~iflÎtb\any o.t,ltet~:S~te,on;nQ1"mal;"t~s aAd ,~·~:tltë~:basisofJJ1t1tuâll"espect,fpr. ea:çhoth:erJ~ Jis~l:d$;'~ .' . in~resis~I!~;·ihas·,,~s~fJilly·ç()llabC?'" .fa.led ', .'. '.. ..... t~~iUSSR,;~r;,;eQJnple,:~QDdh~llilA~l§.des;m()itsefdèsin!érêts::G'est'amsi of<trade·agttelil~l1ts:;~ncludeJl_:tc>.,:·the:iJPutua1 , ae:t.Yallta3e ofbotJt;c.:ôun~es~:~ ,';,/~. -. . ':rl,;.LE ;....,-..~c"'. J. :",;...~;;,.~.:::\,. te'::" , ~"'i. ;,'h"" T: j ,.sIim;âvari.tageiprOl're~~;:;; • ~··le§~in';thelrmtêd·~ ..;iir'llisplaY;'~Uêh"~a.,,·>ge~~)'~ë~:1Sttt~:.t!:iiis.~t.'~~~~y~~~;-trp,.fmaDi' '~sC~êchoslôv~a's .. dèniê:'dlid:s()ve~' , ···dîP6liti'cal~fi~lds· :'S()~'~rJ~~~lÎ~è~7~~:sa·:lil~~ve~~~~.~ur~·1e:~t~~, .1) ...' .... . ccRfil;Jliê'fâÎJlôtis. c,·Œâl1'., .es.'"'1ÎiiS~WIY'1calleif;,tiiç-.·'Pfââ···1.0;t1t~ . ~.policY .of èhe~p' propaganda circulated against theIri from. peintswhich even.include the :lioor br thè. Securlt'j CoUhéil. ~owing thi~ 'people, as wè -do, we iIlay conti,dently affirm that all the shady methods which are being applied by cert.ain States in the Security COUncil will only further strengthen.' Czechoslovakia's determination to proceed confidently an~ firmly ç>n itsown way and to construGt its future'in brotherly collaboration .wiih the great··Union of SoViet Socialist Republics and with other East~rn European countries, as well as withall other countries ready to coUaborate with Czechoslovalda on a footing of equality. .propreté .faire Surely all this shows·that the Czechoslovakian question has beeh submitted for consideration by the Security Council, notbecause it dellerves such consideration even' in the slightest 'degree, but because from the nairowly egotistic~ point of Vîew it is to the adwhtage of ruling citclell in èertain States, and particularly the United States, tôinake· a 'noise about il. The motives 'fôrthe submission ofthis·· question to the' Security Council have nothing in common with agenuinè ~tr!}J.'t-to encourage, the.,development of friendly r~Iations between· ~tates ·an.d, the strengthening.of intl:'mationaI. security. '. . ..',More,than :that;it mùsthe ,stated outright-that .the Czechoslovakian. auestion was raised for consideration by the' Sèèûl'ity',Council for:a' diairietrically opposite purpose. It Vias. raised in' or.der . stili :furtherto embitter the relations ·between : States and especially between the Great .Powers, ta Ùlcrease suspicion between them, and finally ta dèal a ftèshblow to the United Nations, which . "~lilinot of course be an effêctiveinstIutilent in the 'strqggle fdr intematioflal peace unles~ in the first ·muméls'ét;.enfirt,deporte~ p~ace ifmay depend on collaboration between the 'Sfr~ilgest and I:Uost it1:ll~elltial world 'Po\Vers~. ~' ,. There can benodoubt that the' Chîlean corn:' 'Dmuication,andtheway in whichthat-comD:l!JD.Î- ·èalion and the insmuations contaiIiedin ithave -been activelysupported by the United States and :thiHepresentatives of. sorne other States, wiltonly ·ha..'1l1 the United Nations, whichrulil1.g circle.s in ,the'United States have long sinceceased. to take jilto;account. . . 1 « , ,~:,Weâ11.know that the United States has.·ignored :the .. United Nations 'in d~aling w~th questi(!)ns ··whï.çh·,.s,b:ould have, be~m, ~ubjeç:~ to exapri:Q.Gtion· ~ontinuous. :O.ow, and American military personnel are beingsent in larg~ numbers under the guise of Il mifitary: missions"., United, States equipment .and military missions are ~ontinuing tG> arrive aIso in Turkey. This c0lll1tIY. like Greece, is falling more and more under'American oontIol. AIl !hese operr:' 'ns, based on the notorious_ Truman Doctrine, which'is becoming more and more an object of natred to the American people themselves, are being carried out unilateraIly, over ~l.te head of the United Nations aU. in violation of the.purposes ,andprinciplesof the United Nations, whose task it is to protect the sovereignty and independence of States, and not to subordinate sorne, States,to others. When the USSR thought fit to propose thatthe whole busil'l.ess· of rendering assistance to ùreece shouIdbe., olaceduncler United Nations observa.. Ùon,the Go.vemment of the United States decisively objected to that proposaI. -It can be understood why it did so. Ifs aim was to have its own hands left free, and to actnotin accordance with the interests of the United Nations.. but in, ac- - cotdance' with the narrowly-conceived futerests_ of a single Powet;which had set itself up as an arbiter in international affairs. Itwould be possible to extend thelist of such examples; However, what has been said is ellough to show that thoSè questions which reaIly· tequired and require consideration by,the Security Councilhave not been considered ,because, ,the Umted States,' with the usual support of th~ United .Kingdom and some other dependentStatès, has categorically objected 10 suchconsideIation. The ,attitude of the United States on the Czeehoslovakianquestion can he properlyunderstood Oluy if we relate .it to. United States policy on a numbèr of.,omer 'questions, and inparticuIar to United States policy. on .the so-called JI veto", to the Aniericanplan for the establishment of the Interim CoIilmittee, and' to AD1èrican proposals for the establishment of variouskinds of irregular and ëompletely Ui1justifiablè United,Nations commissions of:enquiry.Alltheseare separate parts 'of a gél1eraI, ·colclly"caleuIated plan'for destroying 1:he United Nationsandfor<discredifing it,parti.- culatlYlbe, SecurityCounèil, whichshorild bea' the mainresponsibility for maintaining intematianàlpèace. ''FtUètotheinterests of mternational collabo-' t/lltîoIland ',thesttengtheningof international sécutity, the UlÛOIl· of, SOviet SOcialist Republics We are convinced that :this is in accordance with theessenti"l interest of aIl peace-loving pea- . pIes, includin c\merican people. The American people '\, want war; they consider it important that _",s1tould be collaboration between a11 peoples great and small, and tbat the Uni~d Nations should be. strengtheD.ed; but it is being led by the nose by those ""....b.o have adopted an expan~ionistpolicy at the expense of other people. ' ln the Chilean 'Communication, and in the hubbub which has attended itsconsideration by the Security 'Council, the hand of the warmonger is .clearly to be seen. Only the eneinies of peace and of. international. collaberation could submit this question for cOnsideration in the United Nation.s. Itls therefore no .accident that a:n the warmongersare rubbing their bands with pleasure at baVing. beengiveR the 'Chance ·of renewing the campaîga of lies and, .slander ~gainst the Soviet Union and' the countriesof the new democracy in Eastel'n Europe. . . Every oneuf·you who has given due thought to the so-caHed accusations levelled against the ,USSR and the Czechoslovakian' Government by ~he Government of Chîle will' observe :!hat these .. accusations" .bavebeencalcuIated o:IÙY to serve as a l)n~tex:tf.or··the intensi1ication of the war psychosiswhichis ,particularlyevident in the United States, :and for .furthe'l":complicating the rdationsbetween States andpeoples.. 'lt: "\0 ~ccidentthatin the 'UnIted States.after the Chul., -~ communication bad beertreceivedin the Seeuri~Coùnêil, the most ràbid warmongers hegan ta raise their headS :still higher, and with impudentcynicism ca1led upon 'the American people toenibarkUflon apolicy of-open aggres- &ion and throwJrilmanity intoa new war. . 'For 'sorne Ameticân oolitîcians the Interference 'Ofthe Umted States of .America in.the internaI 'lifiairsof' other States isnoihing 'UD.usual. 'They . have already ~begun to grow accustomed to the idea; Readfo(example the report in the New York Times of 15 March 1948 of the speech of Congressman Lodge at Hunter College, and you will agree that the 'ConclUSion 1 ba.ve drawn îs an accurate one. This'p<,>liâcianopenly'istates that it ,Etats-Pnis,etvous is necessaryto discard:the 'Concept .u:tltat ilie United States 5hould n1)t int-erfete:m the internai affairs:e~anynatiol!l n •.. As-arulê.suohpeople .ge-further 'and,mak-e adirect:appeal for war.·.Thatpas-:S'dmmî.scer is what .this man.did ; orrather" he ·caHedcfurthettesEtats," u~, of the ~om ~bemb .against the USSR. 'Wevont should.·nat have· ntentioned1his' meniber·· of :Cont.·. ~ss:jf 'he 'hadbeen alone iilIDswiews. Bl'lt"hea-demandéqu1on,fàsse They also say sometimesthat it'Ïs ,n!Jt worth payingserious attention:to thé watmongersand to the outcry they raise against the USSR. But it is impossible ta agtee with thîs.' 1 am .reniîndêd of the story If the dogand the pedestrian. They comfortêd LIe pedest:t1an by telliIig .him thathe shouId not be afraid of a dog which was barking very loudly and seemed partic1ilarly'arigry.·' They ~sked .him.whether' he knew that a dog. Which . seems' parliçuIarly.. vicions does~ot. in .fact bité. Tothîs the pedestrlan rep'lied that heknew, but .\Vas not sure whether the dog knew,,· .' , . , . The warmongers aremistaken'if they tbinkthey willeasily succeed in 'nisleading' world .public opinion. There are of coursé simple'peoplé of whom Çlhe maysay, in 'theworcÎsof the fantous Russian poet: ~. What the lâtcst book' tells "him ,\Villbe;'!Ïppermostin bis miD.d~" .But v,rehave 'no douht that .thep'eoplès::ofthe .United 'Nations, inc1uiling tlié people of the United: s.tates, will on the whole be able to distinguishtruth ITom falseh!Jod. and to ~d.out who is:right and who is :wrong. . " " :"/We,the people ·.•9f the Soviets, considetif our duty to e;Kpos~ thewartnonger.s,and thus ,ta ma:ke ~asier .th~·stn.Iggle. ~gaÙlst.them.In this weare ,t~:qght:/)y {)urgre~t teaqhe~,.Generalissimo Stalîn. We.are conyinçed that·in;this.we·.are' not alone; and, that .the, position of··theUSSR Government finds and will find ,widespread ·.approval in the hearts. a~. many cha.mP!on~.Qf peace in other cou4tnes .' '. , ,', . 'l ',.;' .:-~. ~t ~ ~. ~. ..'; -', ~ ~ '. . ::', T11ê '.warniongers ' ,~bvi()u~iy .~~~~estjm.ate their stry!;l,gt:b, andunder(fstimlite):hestiengtIJ.:oLthe supporters of, peac~. Yet the supporters,:of peace l:l!e..themQfe numerous.. Wa-p. isin ..,tb!:'inte,rests of a. smalf group of 'monopollsts and.,théii ·agents !-n•G<?yei:JpneritpQsts.",ho. stuff their, pockets with the .p~qceeds of D1ilitarydenveri~sançibUiIdup their .happin,~ss 01;1 .in0Wi~s •...,of corpses-,.the victirils of.'~~.,The supporters; ~f peace' arfl tbe people~th~Jlls~lves,tP wliom'war ·brings· onl.y unhappigess. a,nd .deprivation,tears,l;lnd sorrow. «, \.', -. - . ~. ..... '" -' -, - ."-, -' ';' ',' . , , This'does'notinean thatthe supportersofpeace should fold thefr' ·.arm~arid do:nothing.Suc.h·a conclusion wouldbe:\\'rong·. and dangerous. Al.. though thereis nocompàrisoIÏ,betweenthenum- ,her, of ..the warmongers and:·.the numberofthe ,supporters,of-peace,thèwarmongers.have never.. ,theless'greatinfiuence; 'sincetheyhave at them disposalthemeansof influencing theopinions.(jf . -. . . . . If we consider thatin some coUn.iiies·quite a number of warmongers hold important Goyem- ' ment:posts, the need becom.es èleater' for maintaining an unrelenting stl'Uggleagafustthem and exposing theircriminal and self-seeldng plans. Allthis obliges the supporters of peace not only not tocompose ~.mselves, but on the contiary to intensify still further thestruggle against the 'agents provocateurs who' are attempting tofan the flameof a new international b'utchery. ,'Such an .unrelenting and ~tùbbo~:struggie against the warmOligers ,reqqires 'end,ur.anee and calmness. There are people Who have, aJre~dy lost the ability tooppose th~f'waIfuOl1gers, .or whos~ ability cooUy t~).appràise.the facts 'and expos~the 1 warmongers' sInlster deSigns has been weàkened., J'hereare people-who, having lis~~ned to the war- : mon~ers'Jatest hysterical' o1;1tb~ston.thewir~l~ss~, ~or~xample,.find consolation. lJ1 ta,kffig. sIeepmg. tablets for· the riîght. But there. m;e ·.otherpeople, : ~nd theseaie in .the majority, Whoundel'stand the meaning of the .struggle for peace----people' who know that in the Soviet Unionth.eyhave a' truc;' any in thestruggle for the strengthening of pe~l.ce. These people mayberelied upon; It would. be difficuI~ t~ misJead them ~ven,by maki~guse i of the fioor oft4e SeclJ.lity Council.erreur ." ,Vve may observe. with sa.tisfactiôn'th~t th~. peo.. : pIes. of the ·Eastern.Europi:lan .countri~s, inc1uding· the' people ''pfCz,ec;b.oslovakïa,arèadvancing· tl)ge~er,witIt the. USSR in. thes.truggle for the ,stte,ngpt~nin? of pel:\c~. l'pe people,s .of tJ1è~e S\Rt~s are not mclined tOgIve ID to, blaclonailandmti-,ces' :ïnid~tion.:"They have strong. ep..ough n~rves, ·and. enough endurance to oppose' this, mspite o~. the ,faet'that 'attenipts tO' ÜJ.Ü111iqatê ·them âre' béing made·' bythë'representativesofsome States ,who, usethè .:Boot ··of the' SecurityCounci!' for that. :pgrpose.' . . . :iM6tetbân'"th~t,aftêrobserving the ,specta~le presented by the discussionhere of the Chilean .c9mmunication"tb,es~peopIeswill be filled .with ,stil! giêatêt .de~etminationtO,carry on the stmggle for the establishment of.peace trnd to expose the warm,ongÇ}J;s.. We cam1otdoubt that they will in, f':!ttIre, also. rep~ct peci~hrely; and .indignantly·any 'attempt'at'foreign ir,.terference in their internaI 'a1Iairs,: or ln their domestic and foieign poncies, and willproceed in their own way. to deveIop' . .,theil'economic .~stems and1éultural and national ,polifieal institutionsona deniocratic bllsis, while: at the 'same;time carrying. orr .a Gonsistent and undeviating struggle for lasting peaèearid mter-. national .security:· In· this struggle for p~ace· theY" will, ·like eYiery other peace-Ioving people,' have a. true andfaithfulally ih the Soviet Union. &4 theoretical ft foundation, 'SQ ta say. But :at tbis meeting 1 cannot paas in sllenca ,one fal~state" ment whicq the ChiIean rcpresentative ,has. att~mpte& to pass for..the trllth, and wbi~h bas been repeated by the l'epresentative of the United Kingdom. They saidsomething 10 the eirect that Mt. Gre.. gor, Minis!;r of Foreign Trade in theCzechoslovakian "cab4...:'t, had expres~d gratitude to the allies ,of Czechoslavia, and in particmar to the USSR, .for, 'their achievements in overcoming ~bstacles placed in 'the way of Czechoslovalda Dy the representatives of the reactionary forces. 'This part of Mt. Gregor's speech as quoted by the representatives of ChUe [268th meeting].and the United Kingdom 1272nd meeting], reads as follows ~ .. We must tbankonr SIavallies, and mainIy the Union of Soviet SooialistRepublics, for the fact that' Wt) succeeded in over~oming·~ obsta.- cles and defeating .reaction;" , Where was tbis quotation taken from 'r It waS taken fram the,same .source as. that nou wbich were extrac~d aIl the other i'alllehoeds advanced by the representatiYe()fChiieandth~nrepeated -by the representatives of sorne otherStates. It was drawn from the pages of one of. the most corrupt American newspapers, who bave chosen the role of spreaders of slander against the USSR andother counmes of Eastern Europe. Inactual fact, .Mr. Gregor neVer :made such ,a statement, and the statement attributed to him is an invention. What he said wa& something quite ·different. Referring to the food situation in the country, he ·said: ~ Tbanks 10 our allies, and narticularlvthe USSR, our people n~ed not fear hun.e;er." I,re~at: •• Thanks toour allies, and 'J'articular!y the Soviet Union, our people nood not fear hunger." That wa$wbat the Czechoslovakîal1 Minister 'Gregar actually said. Asyou'See, there is nothing in C.ommon,bet.- ween, what was .sald by ,the ,memberof .the CzechoslovaldanGovemment in question, and the words wbich were 'putfuto bis :r40uth by those who repeat newspaper gossip or do not 'want ,to see futther 'than the'.ends of their ·own noses. Ihope that the represeIitativ.e' of•the Unit~d Kjngdom will agtee with methat in repeating -ibis newsoaper falsehood 1ie wasfollowing :in the 'same path as that 'which, thenewspap~rs 1. have referrecI to are pur~uin.e;.•In other words, !leis repeati~g slanderous falsehoods, .and attempting to, m*e 1hem pass for' the truth. . Iundel'Stanâthat if we hadbeen guidedJ>ythe .s.tandardofdiplomatic language in wbichthe -ehilean l'epresentativehasattempted to fustruct ~us. these ,taètics Qn:the'partof soméof our ;conea~eswouldner1laps.have 'l'emained. unob~ :served.·But "ifwë 'are" 10 'beguided-as it'is necessary.thàtweshoilld'he. ~ded' in theanalvsis of facts and data-,.:by realitiesand impartiality, Mr. PARODI (Franc,e) (translated from French) : In view of the lateness of the hour and the length of the statement we have just heard,.I am willing to forego a French interpretation of that speech, if the Belgian representative is in agreelllent. 1 shall take note of Mr. Gromyko's statement in the verbatim record to be distributed tomorrow. My proposal iS,of course, exceptional and does not ,constitute a precedent. Mr. NISOT (B~IgJ.ùril) (tranSlated from French) : lagree, Mr. AUSTIN (United States 'of America.) : This speech wlll· not be long. The Security Council has before it charges of the most serious nature against the Union of Soviet Socialist ~epublics and against the present rulers of CzecJ:l.oslovakia. In the main, they allege interference by the USSR in various ways in the affairs of Czechoslovakia, including the threat of force and the support which the USSR has rendered to the Communi.st minority in its seizure of the Govemment o. Czechoslovakia. My Gove~eftt views these .charges with concern. It feels that théSécllrity Council lt,as &n obligation to consider these charges with care. 'The Security Council has' heard' therep~esei1tative of Chïle [268th: meeting] andMr. Papanek 1272nd meeting]: Many points have beenmade 'on which we should have clarification. 'We have yet to hear anything which amounts toan answer to any of the charges. The representative of the UJrrainian Soviet Socialist Republic did not 'a1lswer the charges yesterday; the representatiye 'of the USSR has not answe.r~~the charg~,~ today. .' The representative of .the, Ulmiinian :S.ovietLe Sodalist Republic .devo~ed .!lU Qf bis discourse' ~o an attempt to ,draw a.redhep:ingac~oss the whole situation by malçing,a ,Iri!lS~ of. U:Jlsubstantiated and fanciful allegatjons .. about the 'conduct of. otb.ers, some of wbJchwei:e dirécted toward my Govemment. Thi~ ~d. not .~elp to determine the .. question now befoJ,:e the ,Security Co~cil,.. . Today the .representative of th~, USSR interprets th~ conductofthe United StateJl. as crude interference in the internlÙ mairs of .other countriesalld o~er .$tates, as, .. blacktllail" and .. bribery", :and 'even chargestreason against Czechoslovakia by the UIP.tedStates; • If thàt were so, if it weteéorrect, if the United States were willing to recognizea .semblanceof truth in these chàrges, -1 affirm that·it could· not .convince the unfortunate and unhappypeople of 'Czechoslovakia that the charges against·therulers of the USSR are spurious. The poorpeQple of 'Czechoslovakia are not redeemed'frombondage bybeing lold other peopfes have suffered.from indirect aggression. However,suchfantasticstc)- ries about the United States have .be~n. told tbrougheut my'attendanc,e at the General Assembly.an,d,Seçurity,·Oowxcil;meetings of.the United· ;..' " . The Security Council, therefore, is fully justified ininquiring iuto wfi.at Mr. Zorin may have doneinPrague, .in additionto discussing wheat. 'We should knowif he held, "as charged; discussions with Prime. Minister Gottwald and other .leaders of theCotnmunist Party, and if in these discussions he, in effect, direct~d the developments. Is the representative of Czechoslovakta in a position.to deny that Mr. Zorin encouraged the ,..communists and promiaed them assistance? It This ta1k about the desire for economic inde~ pendence does not fit the facts, as the Security Cpuncil knows them, at th~ time the Prime M1nister and the FOl'~ign Mmister of CzechosIovakia were summoned to Moscow. In the light of that occurrence and a humiliatiug reversaI 1 vaquie of Dosition which the Czechoslov.akianGovernment,was forced to,!,mnounce, can th~ Czechoslovillan representatlve assert that his country has been' free from extemai pressure'] Can he assert, as the representative of the USSR asserted today, !hat its fallure to co-operate fi the Eur'Jpean Recovery Program was of its ow:q. volitio.p, when thatgreat democratic Govemment thatpr~ceded these rulers chose to enter into the arrangement with the other European countries '4ld was forced to reverse its choice ? ,The Security Council has also heard the statement that the Czechoslovakian Govemment has been forced to relinquish aIl control over the uraniumi11Ï.pes in Czechoslovakia, and it ba~ heard the statement that no Czech is allowed to have anything to' do with the operation of these mines. If this is true, the Security COlmcil is entitled tohear theCzechoslovakian representative attempt ta reconcile this situation with the position that there hasbeen no foreign pressure on Czechoslovakia. A reference lias aIso been made~ in ,,-:; of the statements, to the 'fact that the Minist..... of Trade made a public statement to the effect thaï the Communists owed the victory of their coup d'état primarily to theUSSR, and that, the press statement reproducing. this public statement was later'corrected to leave this passage out. It certainly would be interesting if the Czechoslovakian Govemment wouId inform the Security Council whether the Minister of Trade made that statement on behalf of the present ru1ers of Czechoslovakia, and if ,so•. to .what aidfrom the USSR was the Minister referring? It might also enlightenthe Security Council ta beinformed as ta the reasons for withdrawingthe original press statement. The Security Councilhas before it a series of charges relating to the claim that the Communîst minority has .by a coup d'état taken control of the macIrineryof state-. av the oth~r hand, the SecurityCoWlcil has before it the contrary claimthat aIl that has happened has been in accordancewith.,the will of the Czechoslovakian people and 1s,. therefore, an internaI, matter with which it cannat deal. 'presse Tnthis' conuexion, the representative .ofthe present ru1ers ofCzechoslovakia.released a statement to the J?ress ,yesterday,. giving ,the position of his Govemmentwith ,reg~d ,to the, issues befor~the Security CounciL It was a statement to the public, not' to the Security Council. This statement raises .certaîn. additional questions to which the Security Council would, 1 imagine, be - -"~' if: tliè Position.Of the ~ew' CZechos1Dvaki~ QoVemmem: that ~ Communist partyaIone, ~f aH. poJiticalpartieS wbicb. made up tPe Nationil FrQM ,I,lèfpre February, is true' to the idea1s ,tif demœra~ and ·freedomwhich have been the ~y of t1le ,Czech08ÎOv* p"'..ople fOf 'hund:- ~ ~,.~1.~ ~ is the case~ itmight. he iI!1teresting tn heat the Czechoslovakian' ~ovem­ ~s explanation of the necess~tyfor tpe südden çhange. 'Why'thissùdden'change frOm' the policy of tœditional CZechoslovakiandemooracy and its opemtion ID the policy of a police s~te ? "The al:Iegation was also made 10 the press that t1Ie CzecboslGVakian crisis was settled aceording to œnstitutional principles andparliamentary p:acdce. Is it co~stent with the Constitution of ~ for the present to deprive regulady elected Members of Parliament of their partiameatary' immunity and to l'emove them from clice, or ~ dismiss judges Bnd other ~~ officia1s of the Government who disagree wit14 them? The Securlty, Cauneil would· he .' glad to have information conceming the charges which have been made before il. Do the, inhabitanbl of Czechoslovalda welcome the'domination of officiaIs trained in the TISSR'! Is' every .inftuential 'citizen· nf' Czechoslovakia regarded as 'a'traitar -or -as _na._ persan who betrayed' bis country·..· solely because he deviates fIom·the ,ideas ofthe' ptesentofficials ·roliBg the iDhabitants of Ç-zechoslovalda.? The Security Council shouldknowthis... , " it is charge4t1i~tPresideIit Beneshas been preven~.frmp s~g ta bis people, 'andthat 1f.tœe.separate ,speèèlI~s .prepared .by':him were ~. by: tlie prçSênt j:uJêrsof't1Ie ,~opl~. It WOOId be l1seful tomow whether this 'statement isaécÙœte; ~d, if so;thé rèasQ~f~r the-d~cision -of :the, GQve~lÎfl"9 r~fusethe Fre~ideIit facl- :Iities~~thesespe:~éspûb1icly.Jftliese ~tiQ'.OSare_~QLtiiIè.. Jfw~o1.Ùd-'1?ehèlpful if some ex.PI~!ioIl, couJ~ 'bê 'giveJ1 té!' ~e'sec~iy CœDcil as to why'the Pl'~idehthas n9t made'a statelnent 10 lûs people at this tilne'of.Crisi$. . CzeéhoslovàJda was a :rtatiQn~1lit~Jùl(lerstood democracy. AlI the world kpows thà,'n is apostu1ate that does nothavetobepraved. Jt was a a:JU&tlyin w1lichtie:rp.œratic principles,and 1'roc:edures prevaiIed. If" as the Czecb,osloyak represœtative bas àsseited to•the, press, _" the ,recent deve10pments were spontàneous internaI develop- JI!IIlIIB; ilww:caa -he reconcile thatassertion. with actions whic1J. were.takenb{theCommunist minority, such.asthe breaking.upof meetings of ~·esta.bIWJ.ed parties,.thearrest of opposition po1itical'leaders,. the, -eXPlI1SiOIl fr~m. universities =~~~::~~If!!etr~i§~~:~;~ Too much has happened which is not in character with the Czechoslovak people and Czechoslovak tradition. Toc much has happened wbich bears a striking similarity to what happened in other countries for the Security Council to be satisfied with perfunctory or categorical deniaIs, or with further red herrings. The Security Council deserves and should receive from the Czechoslovak representative the fulIest explanation with respect to the points which 1 have raised, and 1 think we should a1~d..hear what the representative of the USSR bas to say as to these points. The Security Council should realize that grave charges have been made, charges to, wbich one cannot close bis eyes. ,The Securlty, COÙDcil should consider these charges in an of their aspects; aU sides of the.case should be heard. No member should draw conclusions preniaturely,or lightly. Certainly, my Govemment does. not intend.to do sb.: . , ment .' The Security Council should realize, further,,' more, that if these charg~s,should be established, t'hey would constitute à case of indirect aggression. The UJÛted Nations would then he called upon to',develop ,effective collective measures designed for the preservation of the territorial futegrity and political independence oÏ States however small. Whether the charges are traversed or admitted, my Govemment's position is to support continuëdèonsidera~ion by thesecurity Cùuncil, aimed ât savingpeoples from indfrect aggression,. . pose

1 propose that weadjoum our discussion at this point. As Friday is Good Friday, 1 propose that we do not hold any, meeting on tbat day. If we should hold a meeting on Saturday, 1 am informed that it would involve extra work and special arrangements. Therefore, 1 suggest that we do not meet on Saturday. The first two days of nextweek, in my opinion, should be reserved for oÙ.er questions on our agenda. Itappears tome tbat we can ,next con'~ sider this question on Wednesday, 31March,at 2.30 p.m. , Mr~ ARCE (Argentina) (translated {rom Spa1J,- îsh}: l agree with the Chair~s ptoposal, but, 1 should like to point out that the last ctays of this week are commemorated by Christians,both Catholiê and non-Catholic, as an event of' great significance., On tms, occasion, Christians recaU in silence an event that took place in Palestine some 2,000 years ago,and for that commemoration Boly Thursday is observedas well. , 1 would·request therefore'that we should pa:j liomage to tlIe teligioùsspirit of aU of mankittd thatbelieves' in Jësus, Christ by not meeting on cither Roly Thursday 01' ,Roly Friday. r pe~ce. But in making this proposaI 1 do not wish ta be selfish, and 1 shouid like to point out that there are many employees in the same situation and that it would be appropriate to allow the Catholic employees of the United Nations aIso to observe this date at home with their families. Tbese :are the. reasons, brieily stated, that lead me· to accept the proposaI of the Chairman and ta suggest aIso that we should not work on Thursday.

J, of course, leave the matter of a Thursday meeting for the members of the Securi!)' Council to decide. 1 would fust like to remind the representatives on the Security Cotmcil that last Thursday, at the time we adjoumed, the represen~tivesagreed to a meeting this Thursday to take up the problems connected with the Inilla-Pakistan question. That meeting ha:s already been mnounced. 'Se~ond1y, Iwish to remind the members of the Security Council that the agenda is very, very c.rowded. However, 1 put the question to the members of the Security Council as ta whether ~r not we should meet on Thursday and whether or 'nQ~ weshould accept the fJuggestion of the representative of Argentina. . t ~ informed that in past years the Security Council has refrained from holding meetings on Good Friday, but not on Thursday. So we have a sort of tacit agreement that we do not meet on F~day. 1f we should decide not ta meet on Thursday, we should he establishing a p1\,cedent. Mr. ARC,E (Argentina) (translated trom Spanish): 1 aJr.tsure-and that is why 1 persist m my request-that if the President confers with the. representatives of India and Pakistan, whose deeply religious sentimènts 'U'e well-known, they will agree ta have the consideration of the Kashmir problem postponed unill next week. 11J.e PRESIDENT: 1 shall aCèept the suggestion of the representative of Argenina. ·1 shall proceed ta consult. the representatives of India· and Pakistan: If they a~ee not ta have a meeting of the ~ec.urity Cauncil on Thursday, notices willbe distributed. If the representatives on the Security Council do not receiveany notices, it will mean. that we shall not meet on Thursday ta continue discussion of the India-Pakistan question. ln .regard to this whole question of religious _holidays, 1 hope the members of the Security CotîncU will bear in mind the difficulties of the President. This·is a world Organization. AlI reli.. gion~ are represented in it. Bach religion has its own holidays and its own observances. If we respect :the holidaYIi of oUe religion, we should r~sp'ect. the holidays.of .all religions. If we were ta be consistent in that respect, we might find our The meeting rose at 6 p.m. TWO BUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FOURTH MEETING Held at Lake Success, New York, on Wednesday, 24 March 1';)48. at 10.30 a.m. President .. Mr. T. F. TSIANG (China). Present: The representatives of the folh,\Wing countries: Argentina, Belgium, Canada, China, Colombia, France, Syria, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Sooialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States of America. 35. Prol1sional agenda (document SIAgenda 274) 1. Adoption of the agenJa. 2. Palestine question: (a) First monthly progress report ta the Security Couneil of the United Nations Palestine CoiDDÛssion (document 8/663). (b) First special report to the Security Council: The problem of security in Palestine; submitted by the United Nations Palestine Commission (document S/676). (c) Second montbly progress report ta the Securlty Council of the United Nations Palestine Commission (document 8/695). 36. Adoption of the ageQda 37. Continuation of the diseussion 01 the Palestine question On the invitation .:JI the President, Mr. LisickJ', Chairman 01 the United Nations Palestine Com- mission,' Mahmoud Fawzi Bey, the representative of Egypt,' Mr. Chamoun, the representative of Lebanon; and Rabbi Abba HilleZ Sill'er, the repre- sentative of the lewiNh Ag~ncy for Palestine, took their places at the Socurity Council table. . Mr. EL-boURI (Syria) : As no one wishes ta &peak now, 1 sÎiouid Iike ta take this opportunity to touch on the ,question which was referred to yesterday [273rd meeting] by the representative of Argentina with regard to the religious char~c­ ~r of this week, and the events whicb.toolL place m Palestine about nineteen centuries ago, In view of those events. which have ~ven birth to grea.' changes !n worl':': 1.üstory during the last nineteen centuries, in vie\'; of the fact thatChristians aIl over the woddhave spiritual ties with Palestine 8Jld . their sympathiooand. feelings are concen- ~ated on the Boly Land 'duri'llg this week, and in Vlew of the present situation in Palestine, 1