S/PV.2764 Security Council

In accordance with the decisions taken at the 2763rd. .' meeting, I invite the representative of Angola to take a place at th,e Council , table; I invite the representatives of Algeria, India, Malawi, Moz&ique,.South I, Africa, Yugoslavia and Zi&abwe to take the places reserved for them at the side Of. the Council Chamber. I At the invitation of the President, Mr. de Figueiredo (Angola) took a place at' the Council table; Mr. Djoudi (Algeria), Mr. Giharekhan (India), . .' ., Mr. Mangwazu (Malawi), Mr. Dos Santos (Mozambique), Mr. Manley (South Africa), Mr. Pejic (Yugoslavia) and Mr. Mudenge (Zihabwe) took the places reserved for them at the side of the Council Chax&er. ,’ . : . f . ; . I . -* '. .“_ ‘. , *..,y The PRESIDENT: I should like"& 3nform the Council..that I h&&"received I, .i ,' * : .', l,, letters from the representatives of Brazil, the German Denrxratic Republic‘and the , '. '.'_ 1 I '. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in which they request to be invited~to'.partici&&'.in the se.‘. : I: discussion of the item on the Council's-agenda. In"adcorda&'with the usual" ,.. '. '( , : ,. I.. , ,. : .' .,? practice, I propose, yith.the consent of.;the Councii, $0 invite *those .':.. . 'I:( : representatives to participate in-the discussion without the right tovote,, in, ' i . < L " ::: I ‘ ) ,. ; I ; . . '.',s II . accor'dance‘with the relevant provisions of the Char&'dd rule 37 of the Council's * .provisi&l rules of procedure; " " .‘ . . .I I At the"‘i;ivi&tioti of the President, $: Nogueira-Batista '(Brazil), t Mr. Ott; i (&man De'mocr&ic Republic) and Mr. Tti&iki‘ (Libyan Ai& Ja&hir'iya) took 'the' ~ places reserved for them at the side of the Council Chamber. .r' f ." # '. .' The .PRESlDti: The Security Council will now resume its consider.ation of. the item on its agendai :. . c . .‘ The First speaker -is the representative of South Africa. I I invite him to take" i.,. a place at'the'council table and to make his statement. Y', . . , Mr. MANLEY (South Africa): I should like first to congratulate 'you, Sir, on your assumption of the presidency of the Council. The present convening of the Security Council to discuss distorted claims of alleged South African aggression against the people of Angola amounts, as on previous occasions, to nothing more than a renewed attempt by Angola's MPLA regime to avoid addressing the root causes of the conflict which have plagued that country for over 12 years. The present complaint is all the less credible against the background of the following undeniable facts. Can the MPLA deny its flagrant contravention of the Alvor -Agreement when' It seized-'*liticai &&&ol' , wi$L& the iireci? ;L;pdr,t 'of‘. :&& '; . !2*"e forces,-of.'Angola in ‘the face *of rivalmovements~'&l'df &&&~o&zjs~t~ony'by the lMjOrity' of' he Ansblan Wpi&?. can *e 'Lanai j;&& deA$: .ka.t &i;& nog haa' &:e. political courage to test the will of the Angolan &opl'e by"&eans bf free' . I "- equipment forms part of the deadly arsenal which the Soviet Union has ma-de' ~ "' "' available for the purposes of killing Angolanst MIG-23 and SM-22 fighter .aircraf‘t “ and helicopters; Ti54'.and 'T-55'tanks;'P30. artillery &e&si'B-21 mul~iple'r&ket 1aunchers;'a variety of armoured vehicles, a variety of SA&nti-air&&t systek7.' --i Do they deny that this equipment and these keapons are used with the guidan&&d"' . :-: under the direct instruction of Soviet rvld Cuban personnel? " , . . -, : I. : _,, : r .' _ The truth is thiit the current Angolan Government seeks aespere~~y-.~'~i~~;tii~' reality that the true struggle in Angola is between’ the Angoian people. kd khose.:““” who-wish to impose their ideology and political will by force on an 'untiilling" majority. The results of the deteriorating security'situation brought abo$’ bi &e’ ; _ f’:‘<: -: MF%A'S intransigence in the face of popular rejection are t at best, &agic. : .r : Angola's diminishing revenue is increasingly being channelled towards'the 1, <."'.... . importation and maintenance of foreigh troops and sophisticated weaponky - Several'" billion dollars' worth annually - rather than towards the basic needs‘ and welfa’re of the Angolan people. C&sequent on of this is a breakdown of the &untrY's "."'- social, economic and agricultural infrastructure, with a. concomitant rise in levels conflict?,are thus clear&y the Angolan people,themselves, .who.are shifted closer ) :. ‘3 .*...;. , a. ‘.’ ‘. _.I _4. -. each Bay.to,,~tarpation~,,~ile the MPLA ,rdgime prefers po&itical posturing to the ,. * I * .: . ” . realism of political accommodation. .* .‘. .‘; .f. ..~i ‘.:. : . : ,: .‘*: I.> . ., : ,,’ ’ _’ . i’ ._ MY Government has repeatedly stated that South Afr,ica is n-o.t,at war. with any 1 1; ;: ,: / ‘, * ,-_;. i ,. ! . i , : % party .+. .W7 pgipn - I.. I ,, :, I a; not with AngolaTz,,nor yet,with the,South West,Africa Pf?oPlels ~: I “” I , : .j. 4 3 I i . . _ Crganization (SWA#)). .; * -‘.I’ :: .‘. Luanda and SWAFO are at war with the people of the region. ‘i...‘.-.i I . . .(’ . . . . ‘. ‘. _ . : Let me once,again,xqhasize~-hat the South African Government regards,it as its _, j. . . .“ I I,. unequivocal,duty,toprotect,,the inhabitants of South West Africa/Namibia against .!, ; ,.A . terrorist depradations. .Tb this extent, South Africa acts in a protective capacity in .the region,,, ..L, Some gpeaker,s in,fhis.,debate have made reference. to the visit’made ,by State ‘_ I.) ^ Pres,ident,Botha to the area of-conflict recently. rq State President has a duty as’ ’ Commander_in$h$ef of the South African defence force to visit the area. South !’ .; Africa is determined to defend its interests against foreign aggression in the region and, as:Cpuncil metiers know ‘,a .’ , senior representatives of many of the Governments around this table have also visited the area. 1 must moreover emphasize that the regional perspective has been further :._ exacerbated by the MPLA’s granting of infrastructural support and military protection to SWAP3 and, for that matter,’ , ., to African National Congress of South ‘i Africa (AWC) terrorists, and also by the fact that a large proportion of SWAPS troops in Angola have, in return for such tutelage, played an active role in the MPLAls military attempts to contain popular opposition in the form of UNITA* .a ?he present series of battles are in fact led by UWITA, which has in recent weeks gained significant successes against the Sovietand Cuban-led forces which ‘. % 5 ’ . . > -_ ; :’ r (Mr.- Manley, SouthAfrica) in fact threatened the stability of the entire southern African .re_gion,-~~~:::Unders:~.:,' these Circumstances-South Africa could not sit,back and,allow.these-forces to?'; .' threaten its security interests by flooding the ,whole region.with Soviet armsLand '\ feeding the conflict. South African participation is limited and constitutes less than 5 per cent of personnel in the area. By calling upon large nurbers of Cuban and other Soviet surrogate forces as well as SWAEO cadres to provide it with military succour and by its sheltering and training of ANC terrorists, it is the MFZA rdgime itself which has forced the Angolan civil war it precipitated into a dangerous regional issue. South Africa's present limited military involvement in southern Angola was occasioned solely by the massive incursion of extra-continental troops into that area, which offensive would, had it gene unchecked, have activated the whole southern Angolan border area, including Zambia and Botswana. The South.African Government is not unaware of the fact that several African \ leaders would like to see the withdrawal of all foreign forces, including the South I African trodps, from Angola. I am not now engaging in speculation or hypothesis. ; I have been authorized by my Government to affirm that South Africa will be able to support such a proposal, and my Government proposes that 9 December 1987 be set as the-date of implementation of such an agreement. It remains the South African Government's firm conviction .that the only route to peace in the sub-region comprising Angola, South West Africa/Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa, lies not in sterile confrontation in international forums outside our region and still less via military confrontation inside our region; rather, it lies in the real willingness of all parties concerned to come together to address their differences and thereby contribute towards stability and progress in the region t6 the benefit of all our peoples.

2 I ,thank the representative of South Africa for the kind words he addressed to me. The next speaker is the representative ,of.‘the Libyan Arab Jamihiriya. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement- .“ Mr. TBEIKI (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) (interpretation from Arabic): I begin by expressing my gratitude and appreciation for being ailowed to address the Council. I extend to you, Sir, my delegation's congratulations on your assumption of’ the presidency of the Council for this month. We are convinced that thanks to you;' diplomatic experience and ability, with which we are familiar, our deliberations will be crowned with success. I also wish to take this opportunity to pay tribute to your predecessor, our colleague, Ambassador Bucci, who guided the Council's work with perfect competence last month. A few moments ago we heard the representative of the racist entity in southern Africa speaking in a tone that is familiar to us, because the same tone has also been used by the representative of the Zionist entity, that other racist rdgime, in occupied Palestine. ', The representative of the racist rggime is concerned about what is happening in Angola. He has at heart the interests of the people of Angola, just as the Zionist racist rdgime is concerned about the Palestinian people. Be is concerned about the waste of Angolan resources and wishes to safeguard Angola's independence against any outside intervention, just as he wishes to safeguard the'peoples of ' southern Africa against the scourge of apartheid. That is a strange logic indeed. He insolently acknowledged the presence of South African troops in Angola and his country's direct intervention there. But we know full well that that representative respects neither decisions of the Council nor resolutions of the General Assembly. And who is to make him do so? That entity respects nothing as long as it receives the blessing and support of forces that are enemies of mankind and as long as it receives political and material support. He has defied the Council before it has taken any decision. What are we to do? What is the Council (Mr. Treiki, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) to do? The aggressor has acknowledged its aggression, which, moreover, it has not justified, despite the representative's attempt to draw attention to what he called the presence of forces friendly to Angola'- which were lawfully invited in by the Government of Angola to help defend Angola against South African aggression. A few weeks ago we examined the question of‘ Namibia, and the Council adopted a resolution on Namibia, whose territory has been used for aggression dgainst southern Angola. Hence we see the importance of dealing with the Situation in Angola and in Namibia, whose territory has been used to commit acts of aggression [ .against a friendly neighbouring'country , a Member of the United Nations. We are told things that go against all logic. We are told that the African i_ National Congress of South Africa (ANC) and the Palestine Liberation Organisation (a0) are terrorist organisations, and that DNITA is a liberation movement. Such -- logic, used by certain big Powers in the Security Council, encourages South Africa to COmit acts of aggression and to occupy the territory of other countries. The argument about linkage between Namibia's independence and the presence of Cuban forces in Angola, which is advanced by certain countries, encourages South Africa to continue its acts of aggression, ,because the argument justifies the aggression. Territories are occupied. The enemy uses all kinds of armed aggression. We note that certain parties defend the aggressor. We have heard the statement of the Vice-Minister for External Relations of Angola, who described the acts of aggression against his country. What are we going to do? Are we going to implement the provisions of the Charter? Are we going to send troops to put an end to South Africa's aggressionr as we have when small peoples have been the victims of acts of aggression? As we shall see, some will not support decisions, and others will use their right of Vet0 to justify aggression and occupation. (Mt. Treiki, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) The whole world - particularly small countries and peoples - will no longer Place trust in the Security Council because of the unjustified use of the right of, veto to uphold aggression and to perpetuate occupation. This flagrant act Of aggression must be condemned and punished. That is the Council's responsibility. We must not be satisfied with simply adopting a resolution, however strong it may be. We must take effective measures against the rdgime, including a blockade and an economic boycott - which some consider negative measures and hence refuse to 'support them, though paradoxically they apply them against other peoples whose only crime is'to uphold the right to independence and to support the AWC.and the PI& It is high time that those who would have us believe that they have South Africa's interests at heart matched their words with their deeds. ,I& us see i,f they take the interests of the Angolans to heart too, though perhaps they believe that the / and a weapons and bombs used by South Africa are manna for the people of Angola humanitarian undertaking. ._, - r (Mr. Treiki, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) i . L. . ,i . The recent~mil~t&y:'escalation resulting from the increasing attacks of the I,* i. _a _..I ra&st'Pretoria entity against.Angola and the extent of &is armeUd'fnvasion ._ clearly A -:I ". showonce'~more that ~iacist'reigimes defy 'the w.ili of the international'community, the rules of international law and the'*principles'of-the 'IJnited Nations Ch&ter. '/ The terirorist~&veient','issisted 'by"South A&i-&., and'called'by some's liberation : . r .' '- I ,. movementi,‘ is nothing but a' secession'ist;~'terr'b;Gt and aggressive movement. Its . '! f /. collusion with'South Africa' is the bestproof, '.. .:, ' I,. : ., -c .'Because 'of their terrorist nature," the racist regimes of South Africa and ~ Pa~&&i&:&ve .&.yi &&ed- :&e i&&ts bf &bples * h&i &a ys r es'or ted to violen$e and the'annexaiion‘of terfi&iesdby f&A . , , and refused to implement . ' United&tfons'resolutions,' particularly Security Council resolutions. It is . widely~a~khcwledged that iracist re'gimes'prosper 'only in time 'of war, only by sowing ‘ / _ ., viole&'and terror; only by .&ommitting sabotage , only through assassination and the ex~Ision.bf.citizens. '(. This is obviously being done against the valiant struggling people of Angola, the black majority in South Africa, the people of Namibia and the peoples of the front-line countries. The people of Angola paid dearly for its independence and freedom when it put an end to SO0 years of foreign colonization of its country. Today it is confronted with acts of aggression and violations of its territorial integrity committed by the hateful apartheid dgime, which is supported by the imperialist Powers, the enemies of peoples. The arrogance and insolence of the rdgime and its disdain for the principles of international law have reached such-a pitch that they are equalled only by the attitude of the N&i re'gime in Germany and the Zionist racists in occupied Palestine. Today we are witnessing flagrant violations and open aggression. The resolutions to be adopted by the Security Council and the specific measures it will take will show if it still merits our trust. ,./. ,.;.,,: (Mr. ,Trefki.; ~Idbvan .Arab ,Jamahiriya) _ ,- - . - ItMay we are witnessing flagrant violations and open aggressio+.. The ., .:. ., ,' , '. ,"I ,. resolutions to be abpted by ,the Security Council..and the specific measures it will. 't _I. ,>I _ .I take will show if it,,still merits our ,trust. __. I' I'. . . . ,., y 1 We firmly condemn the,unjustified invasion of .the,People's: Republi~.,of~,~: :. : ~-:'.,z.+' ;. I _.*,_ ..'L‘.. ..l.. . Angola. We also condemn all those who support the racist rCgime and provide it'.,.:-9,L. \ with all kinds of assistance. ~ ? We are in solid+ity.with the,people an.d..the 1 Government of,Angola. . ; r. : : ..' . I * ;l‘.* _ . ./ . : ,: ". We request the, international communityto give direct',supportto: Angola in 1 I.Y:L' ,~. . 3 ,.., order to ullow it to,safeguard..its independence.and territorialintegr.ity. ..'. ‘ -.i'.s z': The Security Council must discharge .its responsibilities.pursuant to the ,.J Charter wtth ,regard to the implementation.of these resolutions. It must also take _. . . . . .the necessary effective measures to put an end to the aggression.. ! .'J'he ,; ,. 1;. .,: ii...: :: ,i-;Y; /unccnditional withdrawal of the forces of South African aggression must be ,, , .-, . i ' .' .,, .-.. ,<,1,' / accomplished immediately. i ., ,,,;., :*', I. r.i j -'.: I, ,., I The liberation and independence of Namibia, pursuant to.United Nations . . : .: : aj : decisions and resolutions is today more necessary thanever.;.. Whatever. aSSiSt~Ce : i is required should be given TV neighbouring front-line States in theirstruggle.. ,Y against the racist rdgime of aggression. ; .,:;,: l'.' We cannotbe satisfied with merely taking decisions that in the past have been / I ! totally ignored by the racist.rCgime. We must take the measures provided ,for in~-:‘~t.-“- the Charter, including the use of force, if necessary, to end,the invasion and : .‘: occupation. . . I 1 The PRESIDENTt I thank the representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya':. ~ i for the kind words<he addressed to me. ,. “S . I The next speaker is the representative of the German Democratic Republic. I' invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement. ; , 1 I i .: ‘LL-. ..- Mi. .‘bti. (‘h&in& Dt&&ti&plblic) s Please accept, Sir, my delegation's &ngratuI&,ions’ on your ‘&&ption of the high of&e of President of , tha:SecurityX!ouncil; "s M&y I.wish you much success in ‘fulfilling your responsible tasks, We are convinced that you will employ all your ‘&plomatic.‘skiIls and . eXperienCe’to’.l&d this ‘important debate to an ‘effective’ result in favour of ; ._ Angola,s cawe. ‘! e .‘.T, _, .L : ‘. .’ _ ’ I wish “to Congratulate your pred&essor , Eis Excellency ‘.Waur ii io Bucci i . I Permanent Representative of Italy, on his successful guidance of the“C!ouncil’s ‘I* ” business in;.tie month .-of etoberr Pinally, let me thank’ you and ‘the members of the Council for this opportunity to present the ,views of the German Democratic'+eptbliC" on the problem under discussion in this body. ,- . There is ‘an-abundance of evidence showing that the’apartheid r’&gime’s policy- ' has been anti-human and /disdainful bf international ‘law. This evidence is mounting every day, but inaunting, tbo, are warnings that Pretoria’s policy of terror in‘ its . own Country and its aggressiveness outwards pose an increasing threat to international: peace and <security. ’ ‘i ; ‘,,, -This is 3he reasonwhy the Security CounMl has repeatedly had .to deal with that policy of South Africa - this time with an escalation in Pretoria’s continued . aggression against independent and’stxereign Angola. .f:rWe had allsbeen warned of the likelihood of this latest aggressive act- A statement to this effect,by the Angolan Government is contained in document s/19222 of 21 October 1987. We also know South Africa's "response" of 29’OCtober,‘as ’ circulated in document S/19240. It is instructive to read that "response" once more;-against the background of the now executed aggressive strike and the overdue confession South Africa made after that strike. That South African letter is a sample of mendacity and cynicism, and it reveals the unpredictability of the rigime in Pretaria. It is to be hoped that the friends of the racists too will realize ’ ’ this and draw the appropriate conclusions. (Mr. Ott, German Democratic Republic) Alsoin this perspective the German Democratic :~epublic b.elieves that the - COh?ning of ..the Security Council. at the request of the .Permanent Representatives. ::’ :-.: of the People’s ,Republic -of Angola and of Zimbabwe was an indispensable move which .,. ’ must prevent the flames.‘that the apartheid .re’gime has, caused by its aggression.. from’: _ expanding into a .devastatiq blaze. s r : (,‘. The representative of the People’s Republic of Angola, .its Vice-Minister* for : ‘_ . External ‘Relations, Mr. Venancio da Silva de Moura, has given us a detailed descriptionof the extent.of Pretoria% latest crime against his,oauntry;:and has z z:,; convincingly,exposed the .cb jectives pursued by the racists. Their re’gime goes to, ‘-~ _ any length to foil every endeavour to bring about a peaceful settlement of the _ conflict in the region. Though it has been making protestations to the contrary t - it keeps resorting to massive intervention, military attacks and overt and,covert assistance for counter-revolutionary forces, to try and destabilize the situation .: ‘I in the,People's Republic of Angola and in other States in the south of the ,: (_ continent qnd ,change it to the liking of imperialist interests.. ’ ,, h,.. All that contrasts with ,the reasonable policy of the front-line Statesi which .::; is designed to find a solution to the conflict. The German Delabcratic Republic ~‘. .*1. I thinks highly of the recent constructive proposals and the flexible .approach of ‘the,, .’ People ’ 8 Republic of Angola. .~ :’ :; In &is context we deem it necessary to reiterate our demand that those .'-* Western States which encourage Pretoria’s audaciousccnduct by,their support i discontinue at last their collaboration with the racist rdgime. That would make it .m possible .to work qut a settlement of the conflicts in southern Africa in ,the ‘+ interes,t of the peoples of the region. .:: ! (Mr. Ott, German Democratic Republic) The fact ,that Pretoria has concentrated forces at the Angolan border and 1aunched;the invasion -at a moment when United Nations bodies are dealing with the issues of Namibia and apartheid is again indicative of the re'gime's contempt for all United Nations decisions-on a settlement of the situation in southern Africa and for all norms of international law. The same goes for the illegal visit of the racist chief, Botha, and other Cabinet members to Angolan territory. In an Official Statement the Government of the German I)em,cratic Republic has called the so-alled inspection anunprecedented provocation. Botha deliberately violated the '. frcntierof an independent State. This indeed recalls the dark times of colonial : wars of conquest. Typical of those recent acts of aggression is the participation of mercenaries recruited in major Western countries and in Israel. The Gerinan Democratic Republic strongly condemns the policy of State terrorism of the South African minority rdgime, in particular the continuation of its undeclared war against the People's Republic of Angola. We urge that Pretoria, as : initial, minimum measures, immediately withdraw its troops from Angola, Stop all acts of aggression and provide compensation for the damage caused. Further steps towards the normalization of the situation in southern Africa would have to include the solution of.the question of Namibia on the basis of the United Nations plan for Namibian independence. Let me observe here that the attack on Angola has again clearly revealed the hypocrisy of the concept of so-called linkage. The days of the apartheid re'gime are numbered. Neither the state of emergency nor criminal acts of aggression against neighbouring countries can alter this fact, but, they show that Pretoria is becoming increasingly dangerous. It is high time that the hands of the racists were tied. The Security Council should fulfil its responsibility and at last take measures which will help to make apartheid . . (Mr. Ott, German Democratic Republic) disappear for ever. The call for such measures is unequivocal. It is comprehensive mandatory sanctions pursuant to the United Nations Charter that are needed, rather than half-hearted moves. The question of effective steps against Pretoria's acts of aggression in defiance of international law has virtually become a question of war or peace, and not only for southern Africa. MY country, the German Democratic Republic, sides in fraternal solidarity with the peoples of Angola and the other front-line States, with the peoples of South Africa and of Namibia in their struggle against the aggressive colonialist re'gime of apartheid. I& us all join in a determined effort so that the peace for which Angola yearns may.at l&g last be achieved.

I thank the representative of the German Democratic Republic for the kind words he addressed to me. The next speaker is the representative of Brazil. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. Mr. NOQJEIRA-BATISTA (Brazil): Mr. President, allow me to start by conveying to you the delegation of Brazil's appreciation of the opportunity to participate in this debate. We hope that under your guidance the Council will be able to arrive in an orderly manner at quick and appropriate decisions on the matter before it. The Security Council is confronted with a new and grave situation in Angola. We were informed by the Vice-Minister of External RelatfOnS of Angola, Mr. Venancio da Silva de Moura, in his statement last Friday that large-scale incursions by South African armed forces have occurred in the Angolan provinces of .z Cunene, Huila, Mexico, Namibe and illegally-occupied Kuando-Kubango. These facts, according to press reports, have been openly admitted by the South African (Mr. Nogueira-Batista, Brazil) authorities, and were acknowledged today by the South African representative in his statement before the Council. They can be seen as an indication of the desire of South Africa to give assistance to the irregular forces of UNITA, whose .declared intention it is to overthraJ the legitimate Government of Angola. These grave actions by South Africa constitute a serious violation of the most elementary principles of international law and, in particular, of the provisions ‘of the Charter of the United Nations, since they are blatant acts of aggression through the use of military forces in a manner totally incompatible with those principles and provisions. The flagrant illegality of the recent South African aCtiOnS against Angola is compounded by the fact that they are conducted from the ’ Territory of Namibia, that is to say a Territory which South Africa illegally occupies, in open defiance of United Nations resolutions. .- (Mr. Nogueita-Batista, Brazil) The violation ,of AngolaL's territorial integrity in the case under consideration by the Security Council is indeed aggravated by the unprecedented presence .inAngola of the President of South Africa, who went to the extreme Of holding a meeting with members of his Cabinet on Angolan territory; What is taking place in Angola further increases acutely the tensions already existing in southern Africa. The facts brought to the attention of the Security Council by the representative of Angola constitute, consecuently, a matter of deep concern,not only for the countries with direct interests in the region but also for the international community at large. Brazil having had a long and specific association with Angola since its independence, cannot remain indifferent to the course of events which are under scrutiny by the Council. As a matter of fact, Brazil, in a demonstration of its '. special interest in that country, took the initiative of appointing a diplomatic representative during the early stages of the process of its independence, as an indication of our decision to uphold the cause of self-determination in Angola. We were conseauently one of the first to recognize the Government of President Agostinho Net0 and to appoint a resident Ambassador to Angola. We have with Angola a growing and intense relationship, which, regrettably, we have been unable to develop to its full extent a& a result of the constant foreign acts of aggression against its territorial integrity and sovereignty suffered by Angola. We are indeed faced with a case of recidivism. In our view, the security Council, in considering Angola*s complaint against South Africa, consequently has an added responsibility. It is to be expected that the Council, by the collectLve decision of its members as well as through their individual action, will be in a position to exert the necessary pressure on the Government of South Africa to bring about an end to the aggression perpetrated against Angola. ‘\ Like the representatives of-Algeria, Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe, I-wish to expresstbefore this important organ of the United Nations,the firm solidarity of the Brazilian Government and people with the people and Government of Angola in their struggle to safeguard their independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty. _ I . . . . _, : 1, ': The.PRFSIDENT: ! I thank the representative of Brazil for the kind words I.. he addressed to me. '. ,- The next speaker is the,representative of India. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. Mt. GEAREEBAN (India): I should like to extend out congratulations to you, Sit, on your assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for this, month and to place on record out appreciation of the contribution made by your predecessor, the Permanent Representative of Italy, Ambassador Bucci, during his presidency last month. ,,We stand on the threshold of .the twenty-first century with a vision made myopic by problems which belong to the nineteenth. The withered leaves of our . resolutions on southern Africa lie scattered at our feet. The number of occasions on which we.,have deliberated upon the guilt of.an accused, established that guilt L L and then,allowed him to go free to continue his depredations once again has given a wholly new dimension to the code , custom and practice of international law. Scarred by war and seared with blood, Angola's sovereign soil has been transgressed yet again. Open admissions have been made by the racist regime Of policies-it had thought were covert. The illegitimate leadership of an illegitimate regime has walked into territory wholly beyond its authority. For Botha this represents nothing new , accustomed as he is to ruling a nation over which he possesses no mandate. For the United Nations it proves finally, . /-*. \ : _. (Mr. Gharekhan, India) I , .-.. /' , . . . irrevocably and uncompromisingly that we are in.the grip,of,*aIisituation foreseen-;by " . * , , ;,, i .:- ., '1 : .$ . a , '. " : .: .I ._ I ,.t. , ..I- Chapter Vff of the Charter and are committed euually finally, irrevocably ;and ,_ ,;,,, I( ..' : '.. _- , ' ; , : :' . .' I ,' ', .i ..I. - uncompromisingly to the measures and sanctions provided therein. Whether we live '*._: I. ., ; .?.- _( 1 .I I .- .~ ^,Z . up to that commitment will depend not on Angola, the front-line States or the ,' 9 _? : * a. -; :, 'J? I.-i, )_ . '. , : , _. : .i .'1. Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, ., :..:. but on those that have the means of negating the ,' 1 '. --~,; . . "1. : .' . . . .,i. 2 international will and have used those means time without number even as,the horror I .'_,. I .,-_ grows. .::.., \,:, .' I, " ..: '. _ .: By a blend of blithering blandishments and blatant blackmail the qretoria :,, ,l.~- ,,. : '. ' ..l., r r.:. rdgime has sought to integrate its neighbourhood into a colony of cqmpliance and s -* ': byi . . C,', ,,.' control. Was it not the self-styled supreme military commander of South Africa in '. .I . .: : . Namibia who stated on 13 July 1981 that it was his r6gime's intention to escalate the war in Namibia into what he called "an altogether new state"? What perfidiousz' . (' ,* , '; : ..< ", ,. ' ( c. / '. >;.:‘t‘&i-i ; play on words! ,The war has already been extended into a new state both politically, ii , . . . and aualitatively. Over the years it has intensified and grown more brutal, while,+, we have waited and watched, called for and condemned, consulted and condoned. ,.__ _. ,_1 : , We understand the extremity of the situation with which Angola is now faced .; . : and which has compelled it to seek these meetings of the Security Council. Were "7 Angola to seek a meeting of the Council each time such action occurred, this body, > '._ J ; _i , would be in permanent session. In the first fortnight of this year alone there ! '( '> 1, 1' were 11 documented instances of activities by south African forces within the . . *r territory of Angola. That is an average perilously close to'one each day and that, : too, only of major incidents which are conspicuous in a continuing war. In their response to the most recent and blatant provocation by the racist r&gime, the Government and people of Angola have demonstrated once again the courage and dignity which have, indeed, been the hallmark of their struggle. South (Mr. Gharekhan, India) Africa has inflidted brutal casualties~in 'the now openly declared war. 'Angoladhas ~ '., shown that it‘has the 'sttiength and' the capad;ty to respond and to hit hard where it . . . . .I(?~ hurts. We salute the tenacious defenders of Angola's freedom, whose efforts ., . . ..:. protect not only.their'nationms sovereignty and integrity, but indeed the cause of ,(. , and we express'our solid&&y with them. . . e:. justice d&&eedom everywhere .:’ : When the'&-ali&ed'States in the Security Council presented a draft resolution, in June last year, in the wake of South Africa's attack on the Angolan port of Namibei<the imposition of &en selective sanctions against the racist t&gime was vetoed; ,\ ./ Does this inaction not make us an ac&nplice in crime? -How long'.will the clamour of our clichb and the plethora of our platitudes be all we can offer southern Africa? How long will it be before the congruence of Political ,:.,: 1 ; (‘. prudence and human compassion'is finally ?ade clear to those'who just will not I . understand? How long must we wait until all realise that the future lies in working hand in hand together and not walking rand in rand into the sunset of history? .' The statement of Pretoria's representative this morning showed no remorse, no regret. Indeed, it was arrogant in its assertion of Pretoria's perverted power and Privilege to send its forces against whomever it chooses and for the Head of the apartheid State to visit his troops wherever they have chosen to invade. affect those forces which are on Angolan territory at the express request and with ;: .I '" the consent of the sovereign Government of Angola. . .' : The PRESIDEBITt I thank the representative of India for the kind words he _" _: ' J+'-- addressed to me. . " I ., I. I should like to inform the Council that I have received a letter from the ;' . _ representative of Cuba in which he requests to be invited to participate in the 'I -. '. '- ..I' , ,,.,.. discussion on the item on the Council's agenda. Inaccordance with theusual practice, I propose, with the consent of the Council, to invite that representative to participate in the discussion without the right to vote, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter and rule 37 of the Council's provisional rUb33 of procedure. .' There being no objection, it is so decided. At the invitation of the President, Mr. Oramas Oliva (Cuba) took the place reserved for him at the side of the Council Chamber.' The PRESIDEWTr I invite the representative of Cuba to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. Mr. 'OFUMA9 OLIm.(Cuba) (interpretation from Spanish)% I wish to express to you, Sir, the &ngratulations of my country on the outstanding way in which you have guided the deliberations of the Council this month. At the same time, I should like to convey to Ambassador Bucci of Italy our appreciation of the very efficient work that he carried out as President of the Council last month. (Mr. Oramas Oliva, Cuba) A new, brutal and cynical military intervention in Angola by the South African racists demands the-attention and efforts of this body, which is entrusted with the maintenance of international peace and security. &Jay it should be a matter Of deep concern ti all that Botha should have gone into Angolan territory with a group of Pre tor ia ministers. The President of the racist re’gime has shown his absolute disdain foi the sovereignty of Angola and the other front-line countries, which has been the position for many years now. The President of Angola, Jose Eduardo ~os Santos, has sent a letter to the Secretary-General of the Dnited Nations Mr. Javier Perez Cuellar, in which he states as follows: “The Angolan Government has clear indications that one of the most . important’South African military units, the Eighth Tank Division, with all .equipaent, is advancing in combat order towards Cunene province under heavy air cwer. “The theatre of military operations may reach 350 kms into the province of Huila, where it is foreseen that this aggression laay be unleashed on two fronts: the aim would be to enlarge the territory illegally occupied in Kuando-Kubango, on one hand, and to seize strategic cities and viliages in the prwinces of Cunene and Huila on the other. “The Angolan people and its armed forces are facing with courage and stoicism the unprwoked attacks by the army of the expansionist and racist regime of South Africa and will not abdicate its right to self-defence in order to safeguard its national independence and swereignty.” (S/19283, pp . 1, a (Mr. Oramas Oliva, Cuba) The history of the acts of aggression of racist Pretoria against the front-line countries demonstrates a very well-thought-ut policy. what does Botha seek now by going to Angola? What sinister Machiavellian plans are being announced with this arrogant visit to the south of that country? Force is the way to compel people to take part in spurious negotiations or accept treatment as slaves. The military presence and operations in the south of Angola must be very great indeed for the Ministry of Defence in Pretoria to have been obliged to announce 23 casualties. Why has South Africa abandoned its usual policy of silence with regard i to its known participation in military action to protect UNITA bandits? History and the peoples do not forgive, even though some, in their despicable minds, may consider that the enjoyment of economic crumbs is the most important thing today. These, like the evil, will find tha.t their miserable, egoistic attitudes receive their just deserts. we cannot, on the excuse of providing well-being or calculated income, or of maintaining levels ofemployment, continue to supply to racist South Africa huge amounts of military technology and devices Of the most varied kinds, in violation of the decisions of the United Nations, in particular the Security Council. It is neither just nor admissible that the well-being of some should be attained at the price of the blood, sweat and tears of others. The racists of Pretoria consider~our pronouncements to be empty words. They know that when any attempt is made to apply Chapter VII of the Charter some permanent members of the Security Council, adducing beneficient humanitarian considerations, oppose such use of the Charter. For how long will there continue to be double standards, constructive engagement and other despicable subterfuges that only make South Africa more arrogant and aggressive? (Mr. Oramas Oliva, Cuba) Perhaps the'racist South Africans, who consider themselves to be such good Christians, have not realised that there is a difference between men and monkeys, that homo sapiens has the capacity to think and speak and that therefore man is the brother of man. History shows thatonly the irrational can conceive of racial discrimination, which is ephemeral and unnatural. Apartheid, as we have said, smells of pu'trefaction and reach its end, as do all nights. Although the truth burns like fire, I wish to state clearly before the Council that Pretoria has never even considered relinquishing Namibia, that the present pretext of linkage is manufactured and that Pretoria's expansimist desires are manifest. What other motive could there have been for the invasion into Angola by South African troops in 1975 than pursuit of the policy of military domination of its neighbours and the desire to build a wall of satellite States around its borders. Let us tell the truth. The assistance of the Washington Administration Of that time encouraged the racist re'gime in its evil undertaking, as is shcwn in John Stockwell's In Search of Enemies. Today it is well to recall what Fidel Castro stated on 19 April 1976. We said: "The first material assistance and the first Cuban instructors reached Angola. at the beginning of October 1975 at the request of the MPLA and Angola's President, Antonio Agosthino Weto, when Angola was already being invaded, blatantly and arrogantly by foreign troops. However, no Cuban military units had been sent to Angola to participate directly in the struggle, nor were there any plans to send any. (Mr. Oramas Oliva, Cuba) "On 23 October, also at the instigation of the United $Xates, regular ._ . troops of the South African army , supported by tanks and artillery and , '. ., ' starting from the borders of Namibia, invaded Angolan territory and penetrated deep into the country, advancing from 60 to 70 kilometres a day. On 3 November they had penetrated more than 500 kilometres into Angola, crushing the first resistance, near Benguela , offered by personnel of a school of Angolan recruits that had recently been organized and their Cuban instructorSr who, with hardly any means of containing the attack, stood up against the ,I . 'South African tanks, infantry and artillery. "On 5 November 1975, at the request of the MPLA, the leaders of our Party decided to send with the utmost urgency a battalion of regular troops with anti-tank weapons to support the Angolan patriots in their resistance to the invasion by the South African racists. This was the first unit of Cuban troops sent to Angola. When they reached the country, in the north the foreign interventionists were 25 kilometres from Luanda and their 140 mm .- artillery was bombing the outskirts of the capital, while the South African *. fascists had penetrated more than 700 kilometres into the country in the South -, -'from the borders of Namibia, while Cabinda was being heroically defended by the freedom fighters of the M&A, with a handful of Cuban instructors." : . . I ._ That is how the first South African invasion of Angola took place and how that courageous people began to write a new and heroic page of its history. Its only crime, let us say once again, has been to want to be independent, to be master of its own destiny, as President Agostino Neto has said. Do not the menbers of the Security Council want the same prerogatives for their countries? : * It is necessary to curb racist South Africa. We do not want any more half-measures or contemplation, because people are daily falling victim of the genocidal policy of apartheid. Let us make a supreme, dramatic effort to ensure , , i ‘ peace in“Southern 'Africa and'&ply the means provided for in -'the Charter to deal . ~ . : .i I . with such military'attacks against a State‘ Member of our Organisation as this ' ., ,, . : s, invasion.of Angola by South African trodps. -. j c: ) The PRESIDENT:‘ I thank the representative of Cuba for the kind words he .,” 1 , addressed to me. -' - .,.‘ , . , .1 I should like‘to inform the Council that I have received a letter dated .._ i3 Nave&r 1987 from the Acting Chairman of the Speoial Committee against ' Apartheid, which readsas follows: i I 7 "I have the honour to request the United Nations Security Council to '. permit me to participate, .'. in my capacity as Acting Chairman of the Special . 'Committee against Apartheid, under the provisions of rule 39 of the Security . :, . I ;/ . . Council's provisional rules of procedure -, , in the Security Council's consideration of the item, 'C!om@laint by Angola against South Africa'." ,' Cn previous occasions the Security Council has extended invitations to ,. representatives of other United Nations bodies in connection with the consideration _ . .x . of matters on its agenda. .- In accordance with past practice in this matter, I .i:. propose that the'Council'.extend an invitation under rule 39 of its provisional rules of procedure to the Acting Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid. -i. There being no objection, it is so decided. I invite the Acting Chairman of the Special Committee against Apar to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. Mr- OUDOVENKO (Acting Chairman, Special Committee against Apartheid): First of all, Sir, I wish to congratulate you on assuming the presidency of the Council and to recognize the contribution of Arbassador Bucci, who SO skilfully presided over the Council during the month of October. The international community is confronted once again. with naked and bruta!,:-usFr. I ../ .1 ; ’ * I r ; ’ ,’ ,,’ : _ _/ ‘. .: / ? ,-,* ‘1. ‘/ Of force by the racist rdgime of South Africa against the people and Government of “. , i,. t I _, / ,‘_. . . / 1 . .:. _‘j ’ ‘. ,- Angola. As a matter of fact, the regime is not only resorting to force but *’ I . . :.. .r_ ,. ._ I, ‘_ .. escalating its military action against Angola. The representative of Angola, the ), . ‘. . ,-- ‘, .: _ Vice-Minister for’ External Relations, r4r. da Silva de Woura, has given us a . ; ., ,,\\ , . . ,, . : / , ,,. a-~’ .,,, ./_I * : I. * ,, _ detailed description of the- &tent of Pretoria’s latest crime agains*t his country,, .’ :. I’ * i s:_ _ . : and has convincingly described the real objectives pursued by Pretoria. . ‘. : ( , +, ., ,. :’ .. ;. : \ The Pretoria re’gime has been engaged in aggression against Angola -since its :: .~ ). - ;,; ,.’ .‘ L’ . . . / +, independence, directly and through training , supplying and conducting, the sabotage, , . . ..%, .’ activiti-es of the UNXTA bandits of the renegade Savimbi. . , /’ ‘I j r. .< The Special Committee warned more than 10 years ,ago that the. r&!!k?Is,- (. ..‘,; ._ ,‘.. . . . ,; ?. r :I.. _ _ I r 1.. d 3 aggression against Angola constituted a serious threat to peace and security in ..&..a southern Africa. Unfortunately, certain Western States have chosen to ignore this _ , _ threat, and South Africa % aggression, destabilization, terrorism and economic , _, : ” . sabotage have been escalating. Because of the negative attitude of these States, .,_: . I .‘. _ ,- ..I the Security Council ‘has been prevented from dealing firmly with the re’gime’s .- -_, _. . . .., ., aggression. Accordingly the apartheid rCgime feels that it can continue its 0 . I .~ : , criminal acts with impunity. The latest act of aggression demonstrates that the rigime is determined to escalate its ‘military action against Angola. Furthermore, the involvement of the political and military leadership of the rdgime in this wanton act and the arrogant statements it has made in the past three weeks reveal its true intentions, which are to destabilize the Qvernment of Angola and terrorize its people. Action by the regime to prevent the Government of Angola from exercising its sovereignty over its territory makes it more imperative that the Security Council take firm action to prevent South Africa from continuing its desperate attempts to undermine the <:. 7% 1 : . . ^ ., I s*-, _ 1 ,. ., 1 ability of the 'Government of' Angola & ei&bli& law &&-order tn'its &n&y and ._ _I -- , ! . 1: ‘,_, . . . . .I., from'waging war tigainst'th'e &uth*West'Afri& P'~ple's*drganiza;;on' (S&&j.. . . - ,*, .,:.. I." . . Again, as always on previous"&& occasions, the statement'by:'the .I: : / _ It ), ‘, .; ..,',,iV *" . I':‘) :.!. 'I ., I . . . ., representative of South-Africa today was arrogant. ::. '. ,. .I ,*' ." ,.;,. He even declared the right of _, j '_ _- . . .,j :- ‘c-b; , “P, ,* Botha, as soGall$d co&ander-in-chief, to inspect the'&xupied territories of a / . . . ‘ .‘, sovereign country. ..~ ,,',.. . In this conne&ion '."* ,,I< 1 + _. .: , I should like to remind-the Council that it : .' ..I, has been announ&a that &tha and'several of'tbe member: of his‘cabinet h'ave'made - . . . I ; so+alled '~r'~l~-boor;ti;li;'i;'isits to'South Afri'&n troops in Angola to demonstrate . _'. Botha's sympathy' for invblvement in and personal responsibility for the military 1 . . action against SWAFO forces and those of Angola's FAPLA army. There is mounting i * ~ -.:. ,. ; evidence that'the'rkgime~can n6 l&ger tolerate the in&easing'supiort. for SWAPO internally as &ii as internationally. ‘i ; :. ., .. " The only'way to achieve peaceful.transition to independence in Namibia is _ .(,, ) . through the exercise by the people of Namibia of their right to self-determination I , and independence~without &y intervention by the.apartheid r&i&. The United Nations plan for' the independence of Namibia in accordance with re&lution _- 435 (1978) provides the means of peaceful and genuine transition to true independence for Namibia. ., . (Mr. Oudovenko, Acting Chairman, Special Committee against I I 1. , : . _ , I -? ” : . (Mr. Cudovenko, Acting Chairman, Special Committee against Apartheid) The Council is also invited\to consider:.ways'and.means.'of':prttingrthls'pl:an.-.Pli'tO action. The insistence of. the re'gime.-on linking'the issue of~the‘independence of Namibia with the withdrawal of Cuban~forces *from..Angola)'which has been supported by the United States Administration, must,be rejected, It'is'high 'time-that.'the Council stopped the rdgime'dragging 'i'ts feet to prevent.~Namibia~fiom'becoming ".. independent. .After all the delaying tactics which the apartheid 'rdgime has used to prevent the United Nations plan from being carried out, ‘the Council:~as at its' ' disposal invocation of Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nat$ons', .'!.'?*i' :' The Special Committee'against,Apartheid donsiders itessential' that the I' Council.address the issue of the latest escala'tion of South Afrioaii;;"aggressG%' against Angola by demanding the immediate withdrawal of 'those'for'6es'o.f aggr'esikon > from Angola... The Council should also decide on compensation forAngola as.a"'r;esult of this latest aggression'by the Pretoria rdgime: I must ante aga-in urge' the "“ Security Council to consider the whole issue of.the threat to international pezr-ce and security in southern Africa. .The act of aggression by the re'gime against-;' " Angola is not the first, nor will it be.the last, in the region. .Nc,country in southern Africa is immune from its aggression, intimidation, economic sabotal@"tid attempts at destabilization. The regime must realize that the international community, as represented by this Council, is determined to put an end once'andfor all to this total disregard of international law and morality and continuous' . violation of the Charter of the United Nations. Accordingly, we call on the“-" Council to impose comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa by invoking Chapter VII of the Charter of the mited Nations. ; . . ( (Mr, Oudovenko, Acting Chairman, ._ " .. Special Committee against .,I . Apartheid) 'The nuclear.threat.ofc.the apartheid re'gime 'is a very realistic,illustration Of what iS going on in.southern Africa, pnd the;world should take action now in view.' of the aggression of the re'gime . ..,+ for the oil embargo; since the re'gime does not have indigenous oil reserves and since most of the oil-exporting countries havep, imposed an embargo on the,supply of oil and petroleum products toSouth Africa, 'I' believe that the imposition of a mandatory.oil embargo against SouthAfrica would:' . . . be antappropriate response by the Council to the latest act of aggression of 'the apartheid r6gime. .I . Before concluding my statement, I wish toappeal to the Council.on behalf of the Special Committee against Apartheid' , and to all States to take the necess'ary action to provide assistance to the people and,Government of Angola in facing the aggression of the apartheid te'gime. We call .for increasing moral and material support.for Angola, which has suffered tremendously as a result of more than 12 years of South Africa's occupation, destabilization, eccnomic sabotage and ' terrorism. We must act now, not only by declaring our solidarity w'ith the victims. of the, apartheid rdgime's aggression , but also by preventing it from continuing its criminal acts and,by assisting those fighting this wanton aggression. The PRESIDEWT~ I thank the Aoting Chairman of the Special Committeeagainst Apartheid for the kind words he addressed to me. I call on the representative of the United'States of.America, who has asked to speak in exercise of the right of reply. Mr. KRIENDLER (United States of America): I am always incredulous when ,I hear the representative of Cuba lecture the Council on his Government's commitment t0 human rights and human dignity. The deplorable conditions of his Government in that regard belie those hypocritical statements- He has made certain allegations here today concerning the policy and the motives of &e United States Government which I categorically,reject. RiS knowledge of history, or at least the one-sided version of it which he presented to us t&&y, is as inaccurate as his description of United States actions in this area. It is worth reminding the Council, perhaps, that it was the presence of Cuban conbat troops, in violation by the MPLA of the Alvor agreementwith Portugal, which was to confer power on a transitional Government, which is still raging in Angola today. It is the presence in of Cuban combat troops that is a serious aggravation of exists there.

There are,no further speakers this meeting. Z’he next meeting of the Security Council consideration of the item on the agenda will take place 10 a.m. The meeting rose at 12.05 p.m. led to the civil war which Angola of tens of thousands the problem which still inscribed on my list for to continue the on Tuesday, 24 November, at