S/PV.283 Security Council

As there are no further remarks at the present stage, 1 believe the Security Couneil should proceed to vote, paragraph by paragraph, on the draft resolution submitted by the representative of Colombia. Ml'. TARASENKO (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) (translated trom Russim.): 1 have a question to put to the United States representative: how are we to understand the last sentence of the second. amendment dealing with the Holy Places: cefor the purpose of worslùp by those who have an established right to visit and worship at them"?

Unless there is an objection, 1 suggest that the Security Council should proceed ta vote on this draft resolution and, as 1 was already proposing, as the different paragraphs come to be voted upon and as the amendments are discussed, the representatives on the Security Council will have tlle right to make their remarks at that time. As far as the paragraph to wlùch the representative of the Ukrainian SSR referred is coneerned, when the Security Council reaches it, the representative of the United States will have an opportunity of c.xplaining his amendment further. Before 1 cali upon the representative of the. Arab Higher Committee, 1 should like to ask him whether he wishes ta make sorne general remarks or simply remarks on any given paragraph. Jamal Bey HUSSEINI (Arab Higher Committee): 1 had delayed my statement because 1 thought that the discussion in the Security Couneil would offer an opportune occasion upon which to make a statement. The Arab Higher çommittee, representing the Arab population of Palestine, has received ~vith great gratitude the invitation extended to It by the President of tbe Security Council for the purpose of expressing its views regarding the efforts of the Council for a truce in Palestine, pending the consideration by the General Assembly of the future Government of that country. The Arab Higher Committee, however, insists on a truce that could lead to an assured and lasting settlement. A truce which only serves the purpose of putting off the fighting, which will enable either or both parties to take a breathing spell only to renew it with increasing fury, is an ill-.advised trucethat is not worth working for. During the last thirty years, the Arabs have been repeatedly deceived by truce-m,aking which only led to increasing their political difficulties and to raising more obstacles in the way of a lasting settlement. Whenever troubles took place, in Palestine, as a result of the wicked poliey of the Balfour Declaration, the mandatory Power proposeâ a truce; it was followed by constituting and sending a committee of enquiry to submit recommendations, only to have them ignored and disregarded under the pressuré of the Jewish Agency. Having thus failed to remedy the causes of the previous disturbances, the mandatory Power paved the way for anotherûprisiIig. This chain of events recurred in Palestine on an average once every four years, and as a result, it entailed a total dislocation of our social structure and destruction of our lives and properties, without any tangible results. With all these recurring destructions in Palestine life there has become not worth living. - _ We also desire to draw the attention of the The Arab Higher Committee is, therefore, totally justified in insisting on a truce that is sure to lead to a just settlement and a lasting peace..Such a truce must be conditioned by an accepted basis for the imminent di<Jcussion of the settlement of the controversy. 'N'e demand and insist that the required settlement should he .based on the strict implementation of the prlnciples of democracy and the rlght of selfdetermination, as laid down in the Charter of the United Nations. This condition is, in fact, a United Nations obligation. Unless the U!Ûted Nations means to forsake its Charter and its" democratic principles in favour of one of the contending parties, this should be the foremost condition. - We also note that the Palestine Commission is proceeding with its activities on the basis of partition, in contradiction to the abGvementioned sub-paragraph and to the spirit and aim of the resolution of the Security Council adopted on 1 April 1948 [document S/714]. The utterances and attitudes of the Commission do not seem to be in harmony with the objectives aimed at by the Security Council. Indeed, we have· noticed of late that they were taking a more partisan attitude. Furthermore, sub-paragraph 1(d) imposes the cessation of aIl political activities that rnight prejudice the rights, daims or positions of either side. This, obviously, covers immigration of Arabs and Jews alike, which affects the rights and positions of both sides. In compliance with this paragraph, aIl immigration to Palestine should be stopped. Moreover, the Jewish Agency has repeatedly declared that it possesses no control over Jewish terrorist gangs in Palestine. These gangs have dec1ared on several occasions their determination to reject any truce until they have established a Jewish State in the whole of Palestine. In these circumstances no truce could be possible as long as these gangs remain in Palestine. Theil' outrageous and cowardly acts of violence and bloodshed during the last four years, culminating in the recent massacre of 134 women and children in Deir-Yassin village, situated within a Jewish quarter of Jerusalem, definitely show that such· coward1y fanatics cannot be relied upon to observe any truce or to make one possible. We demand, therefore, that these gangs should be arrested and expelled from Palestine. Yesterday the Security Councillistened to the impressive appeal that was made to the Coun- . cil, to other organs of the United Nations, and to aU parties concemed, by Ml'. Austin [282nd meeting]. 1 believe that"everybody who listened to him-with care must have been deeply moved. If the Security Council would a110w me to make a rernark on that point, 1 venture to request Ml'. Austin to direct that moving appeal not only to those who are directly interested in the present 1 desire ta say ta· Mr. Austin that he should also direct bis moving appeal to those who are supporting the many meetings that are taking place in the Uilited States which have the support ·of different politicalleaders and even different official personalities. If peace is ta be effective in Palestine, peace must be contributed ta by every reasonable PerSan in this world. Thçre i.s no use driving some people ta great expectatioDS and encouraging them ta encroach upon .the rights of other people, and then expecting those other people ta sit down with-tied hands and not ta defend themselves. 1 said we had been greatly moved by the impressive appeal of Mr. Austin, and 1 notice that the only quarter which has not been impressed is the Jewish Agency. 1 understand their situation quite well. The Jewish Agencyis an international body. The greater number of its melllbers have no direct connexion with Palestine; they have no sons, daughters or wives who are being massacred and butchered, or who are living under the threat of being killed or wounded; they,. themselves, have no properties there to be de.stroyed. Thus, they do not care sa much for a truce or for the establishment of peace in Palestine. What they do care for, in my opinion, is to gain some political advantage which will bring them nearer ta their political ambitions. Had the Jewish citizens of Palestine been directly represented heré, 1 think the Security Cauncil would have had a different picture of the whole situation. We all know that because of the present conditions in Palestine, about one hundred thousand Jews in Jerusalem are on the verge of staTVation. These, 1 believe, are the people who really desire, and whose com.pelling interest it is, ta see a truce and peace established in Palestine. Yesterday we read in the newspapers here tuat a big Jewish demonstration· for peace had takenplace in Jerusalem, and that the demonstrators had been attacked by Haganah, which Yesterday when we heard the views of the Jewish Agency on the proposed scheme, 1 noticed a f~.ct which served as an example of the mentality of the Jewish Agency. The representative of the Jewl-sh Agency tried to convince the Security Council that the few thousand Arabs who came ovei the borderswe cannot really say "borders" since these segregations, in that part of the Arab world at leac;t, have never been agrced t'J by any Arab inhabitant-that the Arabs who came ta the assistance of their own kith and kin and their own blood, and who came from places where they spoke the same language, had the same mentality and the same aspirations and formed one homogeneity, were invaders and intruders. At the same time the tens of thousands of illegal Jewish immigrants, who came from aIl corners of the world with different languages, different mentaIities, different ideas and different homogeneities, were referred to as lawful entrants. Weil, with that type of mentality, 1 wonder how people could come ta an agreement about anything. The Jewish Agency has one point of view: its own interests and nothing more. There-. fore, 1 do not know how we could possibly come to an agreement on such a truce. The representative of the Jewish Agency told us yesterday that they were not attackers, not aggressors; that the Arabs had begun the fight and that once the Arabs stopped shooting, they would stop shooting aIso. As a matter of fact, we do not deny this facto We told the world, during the last session of the General Assembly, that we could not accept our country being tom to pieces, that we could not accept that little Palestine' should be divided into three different States. We told the whole world that this was a flagra~t aggression ag~t our country and against our interests and rights, and that we were going ta :fi.ght it. Our :fi.ghting is in compliance with a God-given right, that of seIfdefence. We are no invaders, and weare no aggressors, but we have to use the right that Gad Now the Security Council seeh peace on the understanding that thase rights and interests are to be respected. Well, we readily accept the oHer. But as 1 said in the beginning, we insist upon having a truce that will lead to a final settlement. "We do not want to have any truce thatwould orny incre(,l,Se our difficulties and lay obstacles in the path of the final solution. We insisted on the question of immigration for two reasons. As a matter of fact, it would be difficult to occur. If wc toId you that, after the 16th of next month, we would prevent the people from attacking any new invaders arriving in their country, we should not be telling the truth. No one can see, or accept, a continual invasion of his own country and stand still, as if bis hands were tied; no one can look at it aria-· do nothing. We cànnot do it. The time of the truce is quite short. We have a preèedent, and this precedent was laid down by a great and ardent Zionist. Sir Herbert Samuel, when he was High Commissioner of Palestine in 1921 under much less severe conditions, stopped immigration as the first prerequisite for a truce. If we toid the Security Council that we could accept immigration and were prepared to see it continue, we should not be telling the truth. We cannot stop people from attacking newcomers. As to the other points, 1 wish to stress the fact that, if these provisions are going to be accepted, wc shall be glad to see that the borders of Palestine are being safegu~rded against the entry of any people, whether Arabs or Jews. But we insist that the coast should be equally and efficiently protected. In these provisions, there is nothingto ensure the protection of the coast. Therefore we insist that there"should be a provision laid down to ensure the protection of the coast. We insist, also, that we should be assured that' this truce and the ensuing discussions should not be a preliminary to the Partition scheme. We have.fought and we are n')w fighting the Partitian scheme, ~nd we cannot have any truce on the basis Qf·it. With these reservations,.we gladly accept aH those provisions. 'l'hePRESIDEN1': The representative of the Jewish AgencY1 Mr; Shertok, has intimated his . Mr. SHERTOK (Jewish Agency for Palestine) : My statement would be pure1y factual.

1 believe we have practica11y reached the end of the debate on this matter; 1further believe that the parties have been given ample opportunity ta state their case, and that the Security Council has been given a11 the necessary explanations a~ ta the position taken by its members with regard ta this ciraft resolution. The representatives of France and the United States have explained its provisions very lucidly and very thorough1y, Ilot only in the light of the amendments suggested.by the representative of the Jewish Agency, but also in the light of the amendment suggested by the representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1 therefoœ believe that no useful purpose would be served in extending the general debate further, u~ess we were ready to ask the members of the Security Council to stay here after the time mentioned by the representative of Argentina yesterday when he stated that we should stay here until 2 a.m. in order. to arrive at a decision on this matter. 1 therefore suggest that the Security Council now close the general debate on the draft resolution and that it should proceed to vote on the draft resolution paragraph by paragraph and. that, as 1 have suggested, as a vote is taken on each paragraph, the representatives would then have the opportunity of proposing their amendments and of making any remarks they may see fit to make. . Mr. TARASENKO (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) (translated from Russian): Perhaps we should askthe representative of the Jewish Agency how much rime he would need to make bis statemènt. It may oruy be a matter of a minute or two. tant faut t-il . The PRESIDENT: 1 recognize the representatlve of the Jewish Agency. . . . Mr. SHERTOK (Jewish Agency for Palestine) : I?oes the President wish me to reply to the question a3ked by the repre.!entative of the Ukrainian SSR? donne tine) !aquestion République a.~ a body representing Jews throughout the world whose interests are centered on Palestine; certainly not on this occasion and not at this late hour. 1 should merely like ta point out, in a factual manner, that the resolution defining the attitude of the Jewish Agency and the Jewish people in Palestine on the question of a truce which was incorporated in my statement ta the Security Couneil yest~rday [2821ld meeting] was adopted by the Executive Committee of the Jewish Agency in Palestine; that is to say, by men and women who livl.: in Palestine, who are undergoing the present Qrde~ in Palestine, and whose sons and daughtera are among 'l:hose who are now manning the Jewish defenses in Palestine. The Executive Committee of the Jewish Agency in ?ale.:.'tine has honoured me by appointing me as the represen~ative of the Jewish Agency to be made availahle to the Security Council for the purpcse of taking part in the truce negotiations. i am a Pal~tinian and my closest kith and kin are toder taking part in the defence of sorne of the most exposed positions of the Jewish people in Palestine. AIl these men and women are natl1rally anxious ta live, and so are their sons and daughters. But, like sa many som: and daughters of other n$\tions in times of great national crisis and peril, they set the future of their people above the presetvatic:1 of their own personal lives.

We shall proceed ta vote on the dra{t resolution, paragraph by paragraph, and on the amendments proposed by members of the Security Council. 1 shall ask the AssistaM Secretary-General to read the preamble ta the draft resolution submitted by the representative of Colombia. Mr. SOBOLEV (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Security Council Affairs) : The text of the preamble of the draft resolution submitted by the representative of Colombia reads as follows: "Co1lsidering the Council's resolution of 1 April 1948 and the conversations held by its President with the representatives of the Jewish Agency for Palestine and the Arab Higher Committee with a view to arranging a truce betweell Arabs and Jews in Palestine; "Considering that, ".8 stated in that resolution, it is of the utmost urgency to bring about the immediate cessation of acts of violence in Palestine, and ta establish conditions of peace and order in that country; "Considering that the United Kingdom Government, so long as it remains the mandatory

No amendments to the preamble have been proposed. The Security Council will now vote on the prea:mble of the draft resolution submitted by the representative of Colombia.

Ii no other representative wishes to speak, speaking as rept'esentative of my delegation, 1 very respectfully submit that 1 find the original text clearer, althaugh objection has been made ta it by the Jewish Agency. In this new text, 1 believe it will not be' easy to define "fighting personnel, groups and individuals". As a matter of fact, on reading the remarks of the representative of the Jewish Agency, 1 had the impression that he wanted to show that, even though the provision was not entirely satisfactory, it had been considered very carefully; in fact, what he proposed was the omission of the words, "capable of bearing arms" which is an idea which is concrete and, according ta the usual practice, very easy to detennine and to substitute in its place, the words "entering Palestine with the purpose of taking part in the fighting". How can anybady determine whether anyone is entering Palestine for the purpose of taking part in the fighting? 1 think that is a most indeterminate expression. My delegation, therefore, will abstain from voting for the amendment and will support the original text. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): 1 just wish to say that 1 am ready to accept the new version of this paragraph) but 1 cannot accept the old one. Mr. EL-KHOURI (Syria): 1 agree with the remarks of the Presiden~, and 1 do not intend ta vote for this amendment because, as'he pointed out, it is impossible to know whether any given person crossing the horder is coming in for the purpose of fighting or is merely a refugee seeking shelter. The proposaI is not practical and could not be implemented. The original text is much better and, as the Fresident will remember, we had lengthy discussions on this point as to who should he considered as entering in order to fight. A man might enter the country very quietly and meekly but might, nevertheless, have the intention of fighting once he was there. Mr. PARODI (France) (translated trom French): 1 realize that the original text was actually more precise, from a legal point of view; however, as 1 have pointed out before,. 1 do not think we are concerned with an absolutely precise legal text. We are addressing an appeal ta the parties; and the idea contained in the United States amendment seems to me ta be essentially more correct. 1 think it would be in conformity with the general purpose of this text if in our appeal to the parties, we placed a. cer- Mr. SHERTOK (Jewish Agency for Palestine): 1 wish ta make two brief observations. First, as 1understand the motion now before the Security Council, it concerns the alternative draft of the United States delegation and not the wording which the Jewish Agency tentatively suggested for consideration-that is ta say: "persans entering Palestine with the intention of taking part in the fighting". Eventually, we put forward a different suggestion and were extremely gratified at the acceptance üf that final version which was submitted hy the United States delegation. My second observation concerns the phrasing which commends itself more ta the Colombian delegation and also ta the representative of Syria, namely: "persans capable of bearing arms". 1 should like to point out that, in the light of the statement just made by the representative of the United Kingdom, that injunction would be set aside in respect of a certain number of persons whom the United Kingdom GClvernment is deternlined ta admit ta Palestine in the course of the coming weeks. Moreover, the definition "capable of bearing arms" has, of course, the advantage of complete clarity and objectivity, but its effect would be its invariable application to all sorts of individuals. A doctor coming ta Palestine to serve in a hospital might well be a person capable of bearing arms, and if this injunction is ta be applied, he must be debarred from entering the country. A teacher, tao, might weIl be capable of bearing arms, and for that matter the same would apply to a monk going to a monastery in Palestine, by reason of bis age and physical condition. Monasteries would thus have ~to select recruits only from among boys in their 'teens or the very aged. No monks betwec:n the ages of eighteen and fortyfive would he admitted to Palestine, and 1 suggest that this would be an extremely harsh and unjust measure for the Roman Catholic Church and other Christian denominations. Therefore, if the suggestion of the Colombian and Syrian representatives commends itself to the Security Council in preference ta the other proposaI, 1 submit that very serious consideration will have to be given to the' manner of applying the injunction. . Palestine Jamal Bey HUSSEINI (Arab Higher Committee): 1 just wanted to repeat what 1 have already said with regard to immigration. On principle, w~ reject immigration. On practical grounds, we cannat stop our people from attacking any mvader. 1 wc.mt to put that statement on record once again, so that there may be no misunderstanding. We cannot stop our people from fighting against the new Jewish or non- This is not intended to be an act of exclusion. There is no disposition-whatever, in writing this truce, to exclude immigrant.> or to make a political exclusion, or again to render it easier for the manatory authority to operate an act of exclusion or an act of regulation on immigration. This deals with the subject of a truce, and nothing but a truce. In my opinion, this last draft which was suggested by Mr. Shertok covers the ground in admirable style and 1 think it would be just too bad to tum it down. It is a conciliatory gesture that tends to show a disposition really to enter into this truce in spirit and in truth. 1 appeal to the President to support this amendment.

When 1 heard the representative of the USSR say that he would accept this amendment, on behalf of my delegation, 1 decided to join in accepting it; upon hearing the representative of the Jewish Agency, 1 was cQnvinced that 1 should. Now that the representative of the United States is urging me to do so;-'-Et 1 am only too glad and tao willing to support it. We shall vote on the amendmept to sub-paragraph 1(b) stibmitted by the reprësentative of the United States. A vote was taken by show of hands and the amendment was adopted unanimously. Mr. SOBOLEV (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Security Council Affairs) -: Subparagraph 1(e) reads as follows: (e) "Refrain from importing or acquiring or assisting or encouraging the importation or acquisition of weapons and war materials;" Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): 1Y!y attitude towards sub-paragraph 1(e) will be determined by the acceptance or rejection of the amendment submitted by the USSR delegation. Perhaps it will be possible to vote first on the USSR amtndment and then on sub-paragraph 1(e)•

Where would the repre-' sentative of the USSR propose that this amendment be inserted? Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): It might be called sub-paragraph 1(d), but 1 should like to connect these two provisions.

Perhaps we might call it sub-paragraph (e), and make the original subparagraph (c) sub-paragraph (d) if the USSR amendment is adopted. ls that acceptable to the Cauneil? Ml". TSIANG (China): lt seems to me that the two paragraphs of the USSR amendment stand in a different light. The s('-~ond part of the amendment seems to be a duplication of what has already been provided for. That part takes care of the future. In the original text, or in the modified form, sub-paragraph (b) takes care of any people going to Palestine in the future.. Subparagraph Cc) of the original text prevents the bringing of materials and weapons into Palestine. That also refers to the future. Therefore, it seems ta me that the USSR amendment, as far as its second paragraph. is concerned, is unnecessary. lt duplicates what is alreaciy provided for. .juifs. With regard to the first paragraph of the USSR amendment, it seems ta me that it would infinitely complicate our stand-still arrangement which, by its very nature, must be quite simple and ready ta be put in execution at once. Any machinery or proposais involving complicated procedures would defeat the aim we have in View. If we say that we are going ta Withdraw certain people, that withdrawal must be bilateral. You must withdraw all the armed groups, Arabs and Jews. When you say, "groups having invaded Palestine from the outside", what groups are meant and from what date? Shall we say that all the fighters in Palestine who were not born and brought up in Palestine should be withdrawn? That would be a very difficult statistical process. Would you say that it should apply as from 1 January 1948? Therefore, it can be seen that, if we go into that kind of detail, it would be defeating the aim we have in view. The proposition we have here is a very simple one; it is a matter of a stand-still, of freezing all the conflicts in Palestine while the General Assembly takes up this problem. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian) : The USSR delegation attaches importance to these two ~rovisions. 1 have already stated that their adoption would enable me ta support sub-paragraph 1(c) of the resolution but if these provisions were not accepted, 1 should be unable to support paragraph 1(e) . . No one will deny that the truce would he conslderably more effective if the armed bands or detachments which have invaded Palestine- The representative of China has drawn our attention to the fact that sub-paragraph (b) of the USSR amendment seems to be already covered by the adopted text. It may indeed be partly covered, but the wording of subpaÎ'agraph (b) of the USSR amendment is stronger than that of the sub-paragraph (b) which has just been adopted. In any case, we . should base ourselves prin).arily not on the wording us'ed in a given case but 'Jn thé substance of any proposal that is recommended. The USSR amendment is stronger, and consequently more effective. Mr. PARODI (France) (translated trom French): 1 would like ta revert ta what the representative of China so aptly said a while aga: that the purpose of the second part of the USSR amendment is aIready covered, not in part, but wholly, by the paragraph 1(b) we have adopted. The USSR representative bas said that there was a difference in the force of the two texts; 1 do not wish ta contradict him, 'but it is only a nuance, for the two texts really seem to me ta say precisely the same thing. As regards paragraph (a) of the USSR amendment, 1 admit that 1 find it very difficult to accept in view of my understanding of the cûmplete text upon which we are voting. 1 have aIready explained that we have to stabilize the present situation and request the parties ta stop fighting, with the situation remâining as it is today. However justified the observation of the USSR representative may be, if we seek ta revert to past events, it is obvious that reciprocal demands will be submitted and we may have to redraft the whole text. 1 ask the representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics whether he will not take account of this consideration, which really concems the spirit of the text as a whole, and on which it would therefore be very difficult for us ta make a concession. Since haU of the amendment he has proposed has been adopted in advance, 1 ask him to be 50 good as ta take the view that, as a concession, he could, in return withdraw the other half. Mr. AUSTIN (United States of America): 1 recognize that the language "prevention of the invasion" is something that we havediscussed already. 1 think 1 offered it my8elf. But when we began to d,iscuss it, we found ourselves in a maze. Ml'. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): In our opinion, the adoption of the USSR amendment would bring about the most favourable conditions for a truce. That truce would not be a truce on paper, but would be carried out in reality. We cannat admit that it is right to speak of a truce while leaving on the territory of Palestine foreign bands which have invaded the counby with weapons in their hands in order ta fight against the other party. The United States representative may consider that the acme of justice; but we hold a different opinion on the matter.

We shall proceed to vote on the amendment proposed by the de1egation of the USSR. Ml'. SOBOLEV (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of S~curity Council Affairs): The first paragraph of the amendment ta the Colombian draft resolution proposed by the delegation of the USSR reads as fol1ows: "Immediate withdrawal of all the armed groups having invaded Palestine from outside;" rejeté abstentions. --- A vote was taken by show of hands, and the amendment was rejected by 6 voteS against to 2 in favour, with 3 abstentions. Votes for: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Votes against: Belgium Canada France Syria United IGngdom Umted States of America --- •First part of the USSR amendment. "Prevention of the invasion of such groups into Palestine in the future." A vote was taken by show of hands, and the amendment was rejected by 6 votes against, 2 in favour, and 3 abstentions. Votes for: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Votes against: Belgium Canada France Syria United Kingdom United States of America AbstentionS: Argentina China Colombia

There were two votes in favour; six against and three abstentions. The paragraph is rejectéd. Consequently, the whole amendment is rejected.. We shall now vote on the original subparagraph 1(c) of the Colombian resolution. Mr~ SOBOLEV (Assistant Secretary-General in charge cf Security Council Affairs): Subparagraph 1(c) of the· draft resolution submitted by the representative of Colombia reads asfollows: "Refrain from importing or acquiring or assisting or encouraging the importation or acquisition of weapons and war materials;" A vote was taken by show of hands, and the sub-paragraph was adopted by 9 votes in favour, with 2 abstentions. Votes for: Argentina Belgium Canada China.. Colombia France Syria United Kingdom United States of America Mr. SOBOLEV (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Security Council Affairs): Subparagraph 1(d) reads as follows: (d) "Refrain, pending further consideration of the future Government of Palestine by the General Assembly, from any political activity which D1ight prejudice the rights, daims, or positions of either community;" A vote was taken by show of hands, and the sub-paragraph was adopted by 9 votes in favourJ with 2 abstentions. Votes for: Argentina Be1gium - Canada China Colombia France Syria United Kingdom United States of America Abstentions: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Umon of Soviet Socialist Republics Mr. SOBOLEV (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Security Council Affairs): Subparagraph 1(e) reads as follows: (e) "Co-operate with the mandatory authorities for the effective maintenance of law and arder and of essential services particularly those re1ating ta transportation, communications, health, and food and water supplies;"

We shall vote on the substitute paragraph 1(1) proposed by the representative of the United States. Mr. AUSTIN (United States of America): 1 shall try to answer the question asked by the representative of the Ukrainian SSR some time aga. 1 understood that he asked me what the author of this amendment meant by the phrase: "for the purpase of worship by those who have an established right to visit and worship at them." The words are used liere in the ardinary acceptation of the terms. T~1.e mere ordinary, plain, simple definition of these words gives the true meaning of this amendment. Of course, they The word "worship" refers ta the act of paying reverence ta God, a.lld the verb "to worship" means ta perform religious services and ta offer devotion and reverence ta Gad. A habit of Worship develops from this act of devotion, and sometimes ID bis life a man achieves a spiritual maturity and is moved by that tremendous power of the'spirit which is, of course, encouraged by the teachings that he receives in these shrines and sanctuaries. Hence, this phrase, "far the purpose of worship by those who have an established right to visit and wo~hip at them", means for the purpose of worsbH> by those who have an established right ta visit and worship in all shrines and sanctuaries and Holy Places in Palestine. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): 1 thank the United States representative for bis èxplanation of the ward "warship". But that is not what interests me in the present case. 1 am interested. in the words which did not previou~ly appear in the resolution: "hy those who have an established right ta visit and worship at them." It is not clear ta me what right to warship is meant. There may exist in Jerusalem a. system of visas for those wishing ta visit churches or other holy placf''s. 1 for my part am unaware that anyone should be .deprived of the right ta satisfy bis religious needs, the right to worship. 1 am not aware of such practices. And yet that is how the matter is dealt with in the United States amendment. l ndeed, that amendment provides for access to +1:J.e Holy Places by those who are entitled ta visit them and ta worship at them. Hence, it il:. thereby <:.ssertedthat there are people who are not entitled either ta 'vi'.it the HolyPlaces or to worship at them. If the United States delegation cannot give us an explanation of this point, perhaps sorne other delegation may be able to do sa. '1 was ready ta vate for the original text, which, in my opinion was clear; but the new text is· not clear.·at all. l'bere may be nothing Wfang with it, but Ishouldlike ta have this wording ex:plained here. The explanation given by the representative of the United States was no explanation at all. It has made the t~xt more obscure'than before. What is meant is that each community shall have the right of access ta it~ own Holy Places for the purpose of worship and the exercÎ5e of ici religion. Such places will not be open to everyone. I think Mr. Shertok knows the customs in Palestine. They are very particular in Palestine, and even among the Christians, one sect does not allow followers of another belief into the Holy Places assigned to the former. I think this is clear, and 1 am 'sure that -Mr. Gromyko has some knowledge of these matters and will understand.

I should like to make a tentative suggestion. We might try this amendment: "Refrain from any action which would endanger the safety of the Holy Places in Palestine, and from any action which would interfere with access ta aIl shrines and sanctuaries for the purpose of worship by those who usually exercise the right ta worship at them." Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics): Instead of referring ta "right'" , 1 think the ward "tradition" would be more adequate. There is no judicial ~lement, but there are religious traditions.

The amendment would then read !<. • • who traditionally worship at them". Mr. AUSTIN (United States of Amedca): That is not what this amendment means:. This amendment is nGt intended ta he limited ta those who have formerly visited an~ worslripped at those shrines. It is intended, in the future, ta include all people, of thase sects and religions and beliefs who have an established right ta visit those shrines and sanctuaries. It includes people who are not yet bom and who may want ta go there and worship in the future. The amendment suggested bythe President would limit it ta those who have been there before. There is nothing mystenous about this. These questions are alreadv answered. 1 have followed the language of Mr. Shertok in this amendment; 1 believe it describes it aS precisely as can be: . That is the purpose of this amendment. It has reference to the future, and to aU people of those classes who have an established right to visit and worship at those Holy Places. ! do not think that there is any need of undertaking to simplify that. Mr. PAROD! (France) (translated from' French): Mr. Gromyko places too narrow an interpretation upon the words "established rights". In fact right can be established as a result of one's religion, customs and traditions, and that is what is meant. This text is very clear and the simplest course would be ta adopt it as it stands.

We shaU now vote on subparagraph 1(f) as amended by the representative of the United States. Mr. SOBOLEV (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Security Council Mairs) : The text of sub-paragraph 1(f), as amended by the United States, reads as follows: (f) "Refrain from any action which will endanger the safety of the Holy Places 1.'1 Palestine and from any action which would interfere with access ta aU shrines and sanctuaries for the purpose of worship by those who have an established right ta visit and worship at them."

We shaU now proceed to paragraph 2. Mr. SOBOLEV (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Security Council Affairs): Para.graph 2 reads as follows: URequests the United Kingdom Government for so long as it remains the mandatory Power ta use its best efforts ta bring aIl those concerned in Palestine ta accept the measures set forth underparagraph 1 above and, subject ta retaining the freedom of action of its own forces, ta supervise the execution of these measures by aIl ,those concerned and ta keep the Security Jamal Bey HUSSEINI (Arab Higher Committee): l want to make a remark with regard ta paragraph 2 cancerning the request made to the mand".l.tory Power ta use its hest efforts to bring all those concerned in Palestine to accept the measures set forth under paragraph 1. At the present time, the mandatory Power in Palestine, or its military authorities, are disposing of all its aerodromes, camps and other strategie points in Palestine. They are selling them to the highest hidder. We cannot compete with the Jewish Agency in money matters. According to the standing laws of the country, first option should always he given ta those people who possessed the lands before they were purchased by the military authorities-and in aIl cases they have been Arabs. As a matter of fact, these lands were requisitioned. This law is not being obM served. We have informed the Govemment of the United Kingdom of this on several occasions. We have made protests, but the sales are proceeding. We cannot allow the Jews ta take possession of ~ese very important and strategie positions wh!ch are in the midst of our communities. If there were no trouble in 'Palestîne, this alone wo1.lld have been cause fer all sorti of troùble. Therefore, 1 want to regi!ter my request to'En the United Kingdom delegation to ~ee to it that 1 In phrasing that question we were actuated by certain fears as to what might be the exact interpretation of that phrase by the mandatory Power in its practice in Palestine and what latitude the mandatory Power might a1low itself under its terms. One illustration is the case just cited by the representative of the Arab Higher Committee, but, in the opposite direction: the mandatory Power, in disposing of certain military sites, camps, assets, etc., may place at the disposal of the Arab community or of Arab bodies and institutions, camps or sites which are in the heart of, or very close to, Jewish areas, to the detriment of legitimate Jewish security and economic interests. Another illustration can be given in connexion with the ports of Palestine, and particularly the port of Tel Aviv. The mandatory Power has already used its unfettered discretion not to carry out an express recommendation of the General Assembly with regard to the freeing of. a port in the Jewish State area so al> to al10w substantial Jewish immigration as of 1 February 1948. We do not know what discretion the mandatory Power may yet allow itself with regard to the closing of ports for immigration or for other Iegitimate activities. A third illustration relates to the exact manner in which the mandatory Power might make use of the Arab Legion of Transjordan, which today forms an integral part of thç British forces in Palestine. It has been a standing grievance on the part of tùe Jewish community in Palestine mat the presence of units of the Arab Legion in, and in the neighbourhood of, Jewish areas, con- Stitutes a permanent source of danger and has resulted in a long series of acts of unprovoked aggression by that Arab force against peaceful Jewish residents and passers-by. T~:" c~a.use, as its stands, leaves the mandatory POWl'l cumpletely free to place units of the Arab Legion-so long as British troops remain in Pa~estine, or to leavethem, perhaps, upon the withdrawal of the British troops--in occupation of important Jewish centres in a manner that would very considerably aggravate the danger facing the Jewi...sh community at the present time because of the presence, on the soil of Palestine and partIy in the Jewish area of Palestine, of a well-armed Arab force liable to throw in its lot at any moment with the Arab forces which are out to defy theauthority of the United Nations and commit ~cts of aggtession against the Jewish co:mrnunity. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom) : This passage, the tenns of which 1 should have thought were quite clear, is intended to refer exclusively to military operations. 1 think that the possible hypotheses referred to by the representative of the Jewish Agency are not really relevant. They refer largely to policy wmch is not formed or framed by our "own forces"- those are the words used here. cru ses pense l'Agence avec d'une par ployés. cialement que serait As regards the Arab Legion, ta which he made especial reference, we have already announced that the units of the Arab Legion in Palestine will be withdrawn before the Mandate cornes to an end.

1 should like to ask the representative of the Jewish Agency whether that is now clear to hïm. drais juive Mr. SHERTOK (Jewish Agency for Palestine): 1 have received no answer to my question, and 1 appreciate it very much. tine) réponse coup.

The representative of the Jewish Agency has asked me this question. He says that unless sorne clarification to the contrary is forthcoming, the mandatory Power may he deemed to be authorized by the Security Council to carry out operations or activities even ta the prejudice of the conditions upon wmch the maintenance of the truce depends. 1 do riot believe that such a thing will happen. It would be contrary to"the purposes of the truce, to its spirit and to the declared intention of every one of the provisions of this truce, if such a thing should happen; and 1 certainly do not expect that it will happen. We shall now vote on paragraph 2. représentant question: prouvant mandataire seil activités dépend serait son cune tainement paragraphe est abstentions. A vote was taken by show of hands, and the paragraph was adopted by 9 votes in favour with 2 abstentions. Votes for: Argentina Belgium Canada China Colombia France Syria United Kingdom United States of America Abstentions: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Mr. SOBOLEV (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Security Council Affairs): The amendment submitted by the representative of the United States as a substitute for paragraph 3 reads as follows: UCalls upon all Governmentsand particularly those of the countries neighbouring Palestine ta take all possible steps ta assist in the implementatian of the measures set out unde,,' paragraph above and particularly those referring ta the entry into Palestine of armed bands, and fighting personnel, groups and individuals and weapons and war materials." A vote was taken by show of hands, and the amendment was adopted by 9 votes in favour, -with 2 abstentions. . Vo~es for: Argentina Belgium Canada China Colombia France Syria United Kingdom United States of America Abstentions: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ,

We shall now vote on paragraph 4 of the draft resolution submitted by the representative of Colombia. Mr. SOBOLEV (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Security Council Affairs): Paragraph 4 reads as follows: "Requests the Secretary-General to appoint three members of the Secretariat who will proceed to Palestine and who willact in cooperation with the mandatory Power as observers in the execution of the truce and report to him thereon." Mr. EL-KHOURI (Syria): 1 made certain comments yesterday with regard ta this paragraph, and 1still maintain my position. 1 prefer the text of paragraph 4 of the other propos~l which was before us. It read as follows: "Appoint a truce commission consisting of the consular officers of those members of the Security Council ,,:ho. have. repreSentatives in Jerusalem!' This proposal is certainly much better than the other because these officers know the country, and are experienced men. If the Secretary- General appoints three members of bis Secretariat, when will they reach Palestine? How can they study the situation and be of any assistance? The consular officers will be more helpful. que possèdent taire tariat, ment ment des If. the membership of Syria is an obstacle in the truce commission, we are ready to withdraw. mission sommes gnol): Puissances Syrie consul tialité Belgique des tialité ne l'occurrence, par Mr. ARCE (Argentina) (translated trom Spanish): 1 have been ascertaining who are the consuls in Palestine; there is one who represents Syria. 1 am sure that this consul ·would carry out bis task as impartially as the consuls of the United States, Be1gium, or France. Nevertheless, Caesar's wife should clearly be without suspicion and there will be some who will not be1ieve in the Syrian consul's impartiality. For this reason, 1 cannat agree with the suggestion made by the Syrian representative. On the other hand, 1 believe that the commission would be useless. The proposaI is to establish .a commission composed of members of the Secretariat, and 1 do not think it would be advisable to have the personnel of the United Nations' Secretariat mixed up in political matters. 1 think we should leave the responsî- bility for implementing the resolution we adopt in the hands of the mandatory·Power. In that case, the fourth paragraph would be deIeted and the proposaI of the Syrian representative should not be accepted. inutile. fonctionnaires qu'il tion sonnel politique. Puissance plication ter. tièrement également sentant aux le Mr. NISOT (Belgium) (translated trom French): Mr. President, 1 request that my proposaI to delete paragraph 4 be put to the vote. glais): 4. syrien, préférerais supprimé. Mr. EL-KHOURr (Syria): 1 agree to the suppression of paragraph 4. If it is the Syrian consul which is the objection, 1 should be willing that Syria be omitted, but 1 would prefer that the paragraph be suppressed altogether. _ Mr. SHERTOK (Jewish Agency for Palestine): 1 hope that what 1 am going to say will not be regarded by the Security Council as denoting any undue interference on our part in the process of voting upon tbis mast important point, but we should be failing in our most elementary duty ?f loyaltyand sincerity to the Security Counci1 tine) intervention sur nous notre tion ,~" at thiscrucial stage, and with regard to this unportant point, we did not make our attitude perfectIy cIear. - Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Soeialist Republics): 1 wish to say that 1 am ready to accept the President's proposal, but 1 am not able to support the Syrian proposal.

1 believe that, if this proposai is unnecessary, as the Argentine representative has suggested, or, if it should be suppressed, as the Belgian representative has suggested, according ta the Security Council's rules of procedure, it would be necessary for the Couneil to vote against it in arder ta refrain from support- . ing it. AS ta the suggestion made by the representative of Syria, 1 should point out that no such proposai has been submitted ta the Security Council. It was discussed informaUy, but it has not been submitted ta the Security Council. It is bis privi!ege, if he sa desires, ta move an amendment to that ef!ect, and, unless he wishes to do sa, with this additional remark 1 shall put pÂfagraph 4 to the vote. It was submitted by the Colombian delegation for two reasons: First, because no other alternative proposai was submitted by any other member of the Security Council, and secondly, because, under the circumstances, we find the reque&tand suggestion made by the Jewish Agency that such a truce commission be appointed very reason~ble. .A vote was taken by show of hands. There were 6 votes in favour and 5 abstentions. The partZgraph was rejected, not having attained the affirmative f!0tes of 7 members, Votes for: Canada China Colombia France Ukrainian Soviet Soeialist Republic Union of Soviet Sociaîist Republics .Abstentions: Argentina Delgium Syria United Kingdom United States of America Votes for: Argentina Belgium Canada China Colombia France Syria United Kingdom United States"of America Abstentions: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

1 believe 1 am expressing the feelings of the Security Council when 1 say that 1 consider that it is a good and very hopeful sign that we should have passed this resolution, and that before adjouming we should thank the representative' of the Argentine for having discovered a formula enabling the Security Council to agree in a difficult matter by remaining here until 2 a.m. Mr. EL-KHOURI (Syria): In view of the late hour, 1 suggest that we meet again tomorrow aftemoon instead of in the moming or, better still, that we should adjourn until Tuesday next.

1 must ascertain the wishes of representatives in that connexion. Mr. TSIANG (China): Since the General Assembly is to meet on Monday, 1 feel that it would be very unfair to the representatives of India and Pakistan if we allowed tomorrow to pass. without: meeting. They have been waiting . for a very long tiple. Since it is so late, however, 1 suggest that we should reconverte in the afternoon rather than in the IIioming.

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