S/PV.2938 Security Council

In accordance with the fbcfqimm k+kpn ?+ ~tevio\lr meettnqs on this item, I invite the representatives of Iraq and Ywait to take Dlaces at the Council table; I invite the reoresentativee oE Italv and Oman to take the olaces reserved For them at the side of the Council Chatier. At the invitition OF the President, wr. AL-Anbari (Iraq) took a place at the Council table; Mr. Abulhasan (Kuwait) took a place at the Council table; Mr. Ttaxler (Italy) and hw. Al-Khussaiby (Oman) took the places reserved for them at the side of the Council Chatier. The PHESIDEN_T: The Security Council will. now resume its consideration of the item on its aqenda. Th@ Security Council is meetinq in response to the requests contained in letters dated 24 Auqust 1990 Erom the Permanent Representative of the Federal Republic Of Germany to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/21634), the Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/21635), the Permanent &presentative of the Netherlands to the United Nations addressed to the President OP the Security Council (g/21636). the Chars6 d*Affaites ad interim of the Permanent Mission of Spain to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Secut ity Council (S/21637), the Char& d*AEfaires ad interim of the Permanent Yissfon OE Belqium to the United Nations addressed Do the President of the Securitv Council (S/21638), and the Permanent Reoresentatives of Sahtain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates tn the Untted Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/216391. Metiers of the Council h,lve before them document s/21640, containinq the text of a draft resolution submitted bv Canada, C&e d*Ivoire, Finland, France, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and Zaire. I should like to drar the attention of members of the Council to documents S/21548, s/21554, s/21555, S/21556, s/21558, $/21559, q/21560, s/2:563, s/21564, s/21565, 9/21566, q/21568, S/21571, S/21572, $121574, s/21586, s/21590, $/21603 and S/21616, which contain the Lexts of communications Erom Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Namibia, the Islamic Republic oE Iran, the Lfbvan Arab Jamahlriya, Iraq, yuqoslavia, Jordan, the Sudan, Italv, France and Glj.nea. (The President) It is my understanding that the Council is ready tn proceed to the vote on the draft KesoLutLofi before it. IE S heat no objection, I shall take it that that is the case. There beinq no objection, it is SO decided. before putting the draft resolution tn the vote, L shall call on members of . the Council who wish to make statements before the votinq. Yr . AL-ASHTAL (Yemed ( in terpre ta tfon from Arabic) : At the veRt outset 1 should like to express w thanks to the sponsors of draft tesolutian S/23.640 for their co-operaticm in acceptinq a number of amendments; the draft text before u* differs from that originally proposed. Since this crisis began, the Republic of Yemen has reaffltmed that it desires no solution other than a peaceful one , one not involvinq the use of force or military confrontation. FuKtheKmOKe, the Republic of Yemen hm stated manv times that it is trying to make efforts to contain the crisis within the reqion. Yemen is contfnuinq those eEforts, which we hope wilh soon be crowned with success. In the context of our desire to avoid the use oE force and to avoid an escalation of the crisis to the oeint of war, we find that draft resolution S/21640 moves too quickly towards the use of Eorce to imoose the orovisions of the Securitv Council resolution on the embarqo. We believe the embarqo is functioninq effectively and will haa to neqotlations on the implementation of .Securitv Council resolution 660 (1990). \t all events, resolutton 661 (1990) ‘#:Wuests tne Secretary-General to report to the Council on the oroqress oE tF&e implementation of the oresent resolution, the first reoort to be submitted within thirty days”, (resolution 661 (19901. oara. 101 - that is, bv 4 5eptember 1990. (Mr. Al-Ashtal, Yemenb Why can the Securitv Council not wait Ear the teoort of the Secretary-General on the proqtess of the implementation of resolution 661 (199W? By Qaraqraph 6 of the same resolution. the Council establishes a Committee to reQort to the Council with its observations and recommendations. That Committee has not yet reported to the Council. That is *Ay we believe there is an element oE haste in the draft resolution before the Council. As to the substance of the draft resoLutian, we wouLd observe that for the first time in the historv of the United Nations - and particularly in the history of the Security Council - unclear powers are beinq qcantrd to undertake unspecified actions without a clear definition of the Security Council’s role and oowers of suQervision over those actions. (Mr. Al-Ashtal, Yemen) The draft resolution calls upon “States* , without calling them by name, *ta use such measures commensurate to the specific circumstances as may be necessary . . . to halt all inward and outward maritime shipping*, without specifyiny the location , “in order to inspect and verify their carqoes and destinations”. We find such powers rather atiiguous. According to the wording of the draft resoLution, every maritims State with a presence in the area would have the right to undertake whatever acts it deems fit, and I believe that this would detract from the Security Council’s role of directing and supervising such acts. Moreover, the recourse to measures which require some use of foroe may in itself lead to an engagement and, what we always fear , the conflagration of war in the area. For these reasons, we cannot vote in favour of the draEt resolution, while at the same time we approve its objectives , that is ti say, the implementation of the resolution an the embargo, which would in turn lead to the implementation of Security Council resolutions and a peaceful settlement. Mr. ALARCDN de QUESADA (Cuba) (interpretation from Spanish): My delegation voted in favour of resolution 660 (19901, thus expressing its support for the swereignty, national independence and territorial inteqrity of Kuwait and calling for the immediate withdrawal of the Iraqi troops that are oaxpying the territory of that State. It also voted in favour of resolution 662 (19901 and in that way rejected the claim of annexation of Kuwait. In addition, it voted in favour of resolution 664 (1990). thereby expressing its rejection of the situation that had been created with regard to foreigners in Kuwait and Iraq and the existing situation concerning diplomatic missions in Kuwait. Althouqh we abstained in the voting on resolution 661 (1990) , my Government has taken the relevant steps to ensure that our Country too mmplies vith it. We are nw being presented with a new draft resolution wt-~ich givea rise to many quest ions and compeLs us to raise various objectioN to it. ‘While we (Mr. Alarron ck Quesada, Cuba) recognize, as our colleagm from Yemen has just done, the efforts which the original authors of the draft resolution have been prevailed upon to make and which have ensured that at least soma formulations have become less anbfguous and less contrary to the Charter, I must state that the text in its present form remains unacceptable. First of all, it is lrrnnifest that the Council is now being called upon tn take cognizance oE somethiq that has been going on fa a few days. The Security Council has not yet determined that there is a need to resort to the use of military forces to implement any of its resolutions, but those forces are already de ployed. The Security Council has not yet determined that the measures it previously decided upon have prwed inadequate. The Council has not even been able - or will not be able, apparently - to wait until the Secretary-General submiti the first report co the implementation of security Council resolution 661 (1990f, which, by agreement between the members OF the Council, should be issued about 6 Sepbzmber. Apart from this haste to move on to the use of force, or rather, to permit the force already unilaterally deployed in the area to continue doing what it has been doing - now with the blessing of the Security Council - the Council is now to confirm that there exists in the zone a B facto situation which was not authorized W it, which -8 not decided upon by it snd which has rnothing to & with the use of force in accordance with the Charter of the Organization. In addition to the fact that the Security Council has not taken the stand it should have taken and called for putting an end to that situation, which threatens to aggravate still further the grave conflict we have been dealing with for 83~ time, we are now being ask :d to endorse a validate an action which cannot be justified under law. Perhaps that is why it has been necessary to resort t0 EI stranqe and tortuous wording which has nothinq to do with tho concepts laid down in (Mr. Alatcon & Quesada, Cuba) our Chartec and which specifically, in my delegation’s view, represents a clear violation of Article 41, Article 42, Article 43, paragraph 1, Article 46, Article 47, paragraph 1, and Article 48, paragraph 1. There will be very few paragraphs of Chapter VII left inviolate if the Council adopts the draft resolution now before it. Reference is nude to using forces, but it is not known who the immbers of those forces are; we know it if we read the newBpapersr but no OIW can know it from a readinq of the draft resolution the Council is about to adopt. We do not know when the Council determined that certain countries would form part of those forces. Mr do we know who commands them, although all of us &mre or less suspect that it is a high ranking officer of the United States forces, identified every day as the chief of operations in the region. (Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cubai Sut that commander has not been appointed by this Counci.l., and accordfw t3 Chapter VII the Council shculd desiqnate the oEficac to command the forces it dectdes ta f%QDtOv. AccordiRq to operative Daraqrarh I, these forces will be opetatinq in the area but their purpose will be to halt all inward and outward shippinq. It does not say from wherei I assume it means the reqion. Rut it is so ill-defined that the zone could extend all round the world. Nor does it Indicate aqainst whom these forces would ooerate, imDlVifUl that the purpose would be to halt all - I emphasize 'all" - mar itime 5hiDDin4, whether inward or outward. The text fails to stipulate to whom such forces would be responsible. It is clear they would be responsible to their immediate military commanders, but the Council is nQ,rl ta4 inq on an adiquous tesponsibflitv because the same operative paraqraph states .under the authority of the Security Council.. If the Security Council is really actinq responsibly and seriousLyI and those who are observinq its work rmst assume that it is, when it talks of usinq militarv force, then the Council should have drawn on those articles of Chapter VII that clearly spell out hw this responsibility, this authority, should be exercised. Pot example, Article 46, which CJB Dresume is still valid because we are not Ware that the Charter has been revised in these earlv hours of the morning, etatee ‘Plans for the apDlicatiGl of armed force shall be made bv the Securitv Council with the assistance of the Military Staff emittee.’ It appear5 the YilLtary StaPf Committee mav be sittinq toniqht because there ie a reference to it in bperative mraqreph 4, thouqh 89 far act 1 knw it has not been meeting to draEt any plan, and I do not believe the Council has convened it Qi*er formally or informally to draw up any plan for the deployment of any farces in any part 0E the world. (Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba) The subsequent article, Article 47, in speaking of the functions of that Committe@, says inter nlia that it should assist the Security Council in the ‘employment and command of forces placed at its disposal”. Article 43, which I suspect is also still valid, says that “All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and seurity, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its call” - the paragraph is quite long, but this is on the call of the Security Council. One might imagine that whatever steps the Security Council would take, should it determine that nmasures already taken W&C Article 42, which as yet excludes the use of force, were inadequate, it would first of all decide that the measures on whose implementation the Secretary-General would be reporting for the first ticne in two weeks had been insuEffcient, and would then proceed to con::ider additional measures including the possible use of military forces. Then the Council would request certain states to make some of those forces available to the Security Council. The Council would make its plans for the deployment of thaFle forces and for their operations and would assums command of them. However carefully and h-ever often QL~ reads the draft resolution now before us* it is impossible to find any of these cri tet ia or requirements in any of i tfj paragraphs. In adopting this draft resolution , as I imagine the Council will I%, the Council will in fact throu#l its own resolution allow an illegttimate siturtion to be perpetuated. That situation will then assum a kind of legitimacy because of the adoption of this draft resolution, which I imagine will became resolution 66s (19901. Thus 1’ seems that by giving a number to a set of actions and provisions they will cease being violations and transgressions of *Ihe Charter, though that is what they are. It would appear that if constraint is used aqainst certain of the vesseLs in the zone. we shall be actinq in accordance with Chapter VII of the Charter, but Lamentably we shall thus be addinq fuel to an already qrave situation that is a cause for qteat alarm and disquiet throuqhout the worM. It is a matter of further disquiet and alarm for the world to see this Council acting in a manner that &parts from its fundamental functions. There are some other queries that are perhaps even Mae difficult to answer. The draEt resolution refers to specific forces, namely marCtine forces. Evervone is aware that there also numerous air forces and Land forces, all oparatinq according to a plan not familiar to those of us around the table, except perhaps EOC the representative of the United States. They are operatinq under a command unknown perhaps to anyone perhaps but him. So there are naval, air and land forces, and they could work toqether with the forces referred to in the draft resolution or, as it vere, in competition with them, adding td the conflict in the region. Are we in the Security Council also required to take responsibility for passibte hostilities that may arise from the acts of forces not under our command? When we are dealinq with matters of such qrevitv AS the use of armed force to t3UPDOS@dilp quarantee the implementation of decisions of this ho&, we must be czxtremeLy careful. We have had many Lonq hours of discussion and neqotiation, but we are truly very far from being convinced that this is the appropriate approach to be taken bv this body or by this Orqanization, I should Like to add, in conclusion, that my deeteqation continues to beLieve that no action or decision adopted or to be adopted by this CounciL can qi.ve it the poLitical, Leqal or moral authority to undertake any kind of action that is in itself inhuman. (Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba) In this respect we refer to any action designed to &prive millions of innocent civilians, including children, women and old people, of foodstuffs, medicines or ndical ass is tance. My delegation firmly maintains this interpretation of international morality, of international legality, and no devious argument or attempt at justification can swerve us from this conviction. KY delegation will not, of course, vote in favour of the draft resolution. Mr. LBJAUBA (~olorri,ia) (interpretation from Spanish): There can be no doubt that this morning we are witnessing an historic moment in the United Nations. After 45 years of existence, the security Council has for the first time acted as was envisaged by its creators to prevent and control a regional conflict. As we have already stated, we are gratified that, thanks to detente, the permanent members have today reached agteement on intervening for that purpose. We hope that these conditions will prevail in the future. My delegation’s ponition with respect to the situation of Iraq and Kuwait is familiar to all here. From the outset we toe& a very clear position of condemnation of Iraq’s action , and we have had no doubts about voting, on three occasions, in favour of resolutions ca? the subject: we took the view that for the sake of the future the international community must send an unahiguous nwisaqe that such situations must not be repeated and that the internationaL commUnitY stands ready to prevent them. A5 far as the draft resolution new before us is concerned, we sincerely regretted that the haste imposed on its drafting has deprived non-permanent mriber5 Of adequate time and Leisure to negotiab impravenxantn in it. We are under 1-83 illusion that when the Council comes to vote cn this draft resolution it will be establish ing a naval blockade, even though it may not say so, and that - though the Council my not say so either - it is acting pursuant to Article 42 of the Charter. (Mr. Penalosa, Coloti) ia) That netther worries nor frightens us, but w+ wish to bs candid: We feel concern about other points of the draft resolution; we share sosm of the anxieties expressed by the Permanent Iiapresentatives of Yemen and Cuba wer the fact that in this draft resolution the Security Council is delegating authority without specifyiq to whoa. Nor & we know where that authority is to be exercised or who receives it. Indeed, whoever &es receive it is not accountable to anyone. &I we lock towarcls the future we believe that from the Council’s QOint of View the lack of preparedness to cope with a s ftuation such as prevails today must be rvoi&d in future. For this reason we believe that, after 45 years, the Security Council must finally implement Article 43 - and, of course, the following article8 - of the Charter. The Council must bs prepared to deal with situations of this kind so that it will not find itself faced with a fait aocompli. Notwithstanding those comments , as we have stated on various occasfOM my &legation is in agreement with the substance of the draft resolution; we do not went to send an squivocal messaqe to the Government of Iraq. We believe that there have been patent violations of reeolution 661 (1990) t there is an urgent need for the international community to deal with them. We shall therefore vote in favour of the draft resolution. The ERm31DENT: The Council will nw proceed to vote an draft resolution S/21640. A vote was taken by show of hands. In favou_ly: Canada, China, Colanbia, C&te d*Ivoirt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Malaysia, Romania, Union of Soviet Socialist *publics, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America. Zaire Against: None Abstaining: Cuba, Ytmsn The PBESIDRJT: The result of the voting is as follows: 13 votes in favour, none against and 2 abstentions. The draft resolution has been adopted as resolution 665 (19901. I shall now call on those members of the Security Council who have asked to be alloued to mtkt statements following the voting. Mr. PICXKPAING (United States of Amsr ica) : First, ltt ne say to the Council hw gratified we are at the vote by which this resolution has been adopted. WC meet at a truly hisbcic time in the lift of the Organisation. At no time since 1945 has the Security Council been asked to take QI the kind of reeponsibility we art assuming today under conditions where a large majority of ito mtrrbtrs have co-opttattd in a otrcng sense of harmony. Our Charter -8 founded on the fundamntal principle that the Security Council would carry a broad tt6ponsibility for the ptoplt of the world for international peace and StCUrihl. The Charttr tmpowtrs it to act in this regard, including the authority to decide to use armed force. The aut!mrity granted in this rtsolutiGl is sufficiently broad to use arlr& force - indctd, minimum foroe - &priding upon the ci tcurm tances uh ich might require it. This is a significant step. On onlv a few occasione in the past has this author ity ever been exercised. This is therefore a historic and significant decision. Under tbt circumttancet, no lesser decision by the Security Council vould have been appropriate. (Mr. Pickering, United States) Over the last three and a half weeks the Council has acted with dispatch and ser iousnees. Our firot resolution condemned the invasion, sought an immediate and unconditional withdrawal, ad provided a basis fa a negotiated aettlement. Resolution 661 (1990) established a broad sanctions rigime which further reinforced those hjectives. Resolution 662 (1990) declared null and void Iraqi action plrporting to annex Kuwait. Resolution 664 (1990) condellned Iraqi actions in holding foreigners hostage, in shuttirq down ehassies in Kuwait, and in remwing the dipiomatic ismaunity of their personnel. All the diplomatic approaches urdcrtsken by the Council have thus far disturbingly and sadly fallen on deaf ears in Baghdad. Each of the steps already taken #s built on forlaer steps. Today the Council decided to tighten the application of the sanctions rigime set up by resolution 661 (19901, which is being exploited by Iraq. Indeed, in blatant defiance of the Security buncil and its resolution 661 (19901, Iraq nw sends its ships to sea 18den with oil and other oontraband. Its agents work to suborn citizens of other oo\ntriss to abet violations of sanctions, even to obtain military supplies from abtad. The Governlgnt of Iraq has sham no inbention to abide by the decisions of the Council. It has bsen these actions by Iraq to confrart the Council, to evade its rssolutions, and to thub its nose at all humanity that have forced the Council to &ske this dheply serious and most significant step of its history. w ootmtry ranrains steadfastly interested in a peaceful settlement to this crisis. Such a settlastent can aniy be pr6iicated on i;ire wP~iii~fi46; of the internstiaral community to remain steadfast in the face of Iraqi aggression and inhwnity . We mst in effect draw a firm line in the sand while at the saaa tiAh prwiding every conceivable encouragement b find a rapid and peaceful solution to this problem. (Mr. Pickering, United States) In that reqard, we muat look back to resolutions 66U (1990) and 66i (1990) for setting the way. As we all know, these resolution3 Qmand that Iraq immediately and unoarditionally withdraw from Kuwait and restore Kuwait's legitimate Gmernmnt, it8 sovereignty, territorial inteqr ity and ir.&pen&nce. Resolution 660 (19901 also provides that Iraq and Kuwit should begin immediately intensive nWOtiatiOnS for the resolution of their differemes and sumrts all efforts in thie regard, especially those of the League of Arab States. The United States welws all such efforts being made to brinq about a solution tu the problem. NO solution can be reached, however, without the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces. WV delegation rnQrstands that Kuwait is ready tc begin immediately such intensive negotiations a8 soon as it is clear that all of the stipulations of resolution 660 (1990) are beinq fulfilled. WQ believe all efforti nwt Continue to tm -6 to pursue this objective, while w continm to ensure that the sanctions a&w-d in resolution 661 (1990) are fully, strictly and completely complied with by all States. Until Such tims as Iraq fully complies with resolution 660 (1990) we* along vith all of the other rerbtrs of the Council, intend to ensure that its resolution8 and its actions have aaaning and are observed. By this reroluticn tonight the mrwbere of the Council emphasize again their casnitment to the paocful 6MsurcB already adopted. They have no intention that this resolution encourage a military escalation. This resolutiar applies strictly ta l ffotm ta mu~rr the? thr twIllr rr-r,4~rr m-A d-b .e4r?rtr~ -. - --e-k e-.-b*-..” Ye c ,.YC . --*Y-&Y. It =fiLl= c u.s-rr .-.-*. States with aaritilre forces in the area “to use such masures annmnsurate to the specific circulastances as may be necessary under the authority of the Security Council to halt all invard and outward maritime shipping in a&r t6 inspr?ct and verify their cargoes and (Mr. Pickering, United States) destinations and to ensure strict implementation of the provinions related to such shipping laid down in resolution 661 (1990) “. (resolution 665 (1990)) para. 1) The United States has vigorously sought and fully suPports oallective efforts to respond to this crisis. It supports collective efforts to enforce the trade sanctions strictly. United States naval forces, in co-ordination with other naval forces in the area, would use such mininann force only as necessary to accomplish that purpose. In accordance with its responsibilities under this resolution and at the request of the legitimate Gwernment of Kuwait, the Gwernment of the Unitad States will oo-ordinate its actions with those of the many other Mtions that have sent naval forcea to the region. The delegation of the United States will contincr discussions with other members of the Council concerning ht% best to apply the ecanomic sanctions against Iraq. We are also ready to discuss an appropriate role in this process for the Military Staff Committee. A number of f4mber States have already acted to &ploy unite OC their naval forna to ensure that the sanctions are effective. Those forces were there before the adoption of this resolution at the request of the legitimate Gwemment of Kuwait - reguests nade fully in accordance with the inherent right of individual and collective self-defenc% confirmed in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter and consistent with Security Council resolution 661 (1990). That resolution apacifically affirm the exercise of that right in response to the Iraqi armed attaa cn iiuwait. (Hr. Picker inq, United States) This new resolution - 665 (1990) - addresses the application of the mandatory sanctions of resolution 661 (1990), specifically against maritime shipping. It lends the full weight and authority OC the Security Council and, through it, the corarmnity of nations to the efforts of States that are deploying maritims fbrobl to ensure that the sanctions are respected. It does not address other aspects Of sanctions or other provisions of resolution 661 (1990), and so clearly it does not diminish the legal authority of Kuwait and other States to exercise their inhetef’8t r ight. Resolution 665 (1990) therefore provides an additional and most welconr basis under United Nations authority for actions to secure compliance with the sanctions msndatbd by resolution 661 (1990). Our Governnrnts have faced a grave decision in deciding to a&pt this rceolu tion. A8 before, throughout this crisis the Council has stood firm in its resalve to cxmfra,t Iraq‘s wanton aggcsssion and to preserve the principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter. history will judge us by our resolve in the face of Irag’s threats tD international peace and security. blr. BLANC (Prance) (interpreta ticn from French) t Since the begiming of the crisis, Irag has refused to cnmply with Security Council resolutions 660 (1990) , 661 (1990) , 662 (1990) and 664 (1990). It has been obvious for several days that attemps to violate the embargo have taken place upon Iraq’s initiative which thrmten to diaini& carsiderably the impact of resolution 661 (1990), the only peaceful means of coapalling Iraq ti comply with other resolutions of the councii. As the Prasi&nt of the Ranch Republic said on 21 August, ‘an embargo without sanctiars would be a fiction’. Fran= therefore accepts the need to apply constraint when neoaesary to ensure respect for the embargo. (Mr. Blanc, France) It goes without saying that the resolution must not be understood as a blanket authorisation for the indiscriminate use of form. It is a question of ensuring respect for the ckcisicn on the etiargo imposed upon all. The resolutfdn Specifies the implementation of the embargo by stressing verification of cargoes and destinations. It provides for appropriate measures to be taken in that regard, including the minimum use of force. The French Government believes that this naturally must take place only as a last resort and be limited to what is Strictly neaxisary. In each case, the use of coercion will Leguire notification of the security Council. In aonclus ion, while the international aormnunity has the responsibility to ensure respect for the universally accepted principles governing relations among States, it is within the framework of the Arab ootununity that a concrete solution can best be brought to bear cn the problesm that have led to the Iraq-Kuwait crisis. France, a lu)q-time friend of the Arab wuntries, has the will to support their efforts in the search for a solution, which vi11 Mturally have to be baeed on Security Council resolutions. It also presupposes the prior withdrawal of Iraqi traop from Kuwait, whose sovereignty must be rsstored. We hme w-sponsored and fully supported Security Council resolution 665 (19m), which the Council has just adopted. we are pleased that ’ t received 13 vot55 in favour. Mr. PORTIER (Canada): The vote &ich the Security Council has just taken marks an historic occasion for the Council, the Ulited Rations and the international warnunity as a uhole. It is not an event that we wished to see take place, but we were left with no doice. This marks the fifth OCCa8iOn on which the Council has pronounced itself since Iraq invaded Kwait on 1 August. It was made (Hr. For tier, Canada) necessary by the consistent and continuing refusal of Irag to abide by the binding decisions of this body. Our first resolution, adopted in the immediate aftermath of the Iraqi invasion, called for Iraq to withdraw immediately and uncardi tionally from the tertitory of Kuwait. when Iraq chcse not to do so, the Council, acting unanimously, adopted resolution 661 (1990)) imposing sanctions binding on all States in order to secure the compliance of Iraq with its resolution 660 (1990). Once again, Ir 4 chose to ignore the single, unanimus voice of the international community . Rather than restore the sovereignty of Kuwait as the Council had chmanded, Iraq chose to annex that comtry, a decisicn ar its part rhich was declared null and void by the Council in its resolution 662 (1990). Since then, It4 has continued to pretend that Kuwait no longer exists w ordering the closure of diplomatic missions in Kuwait. Ir4 has stepped up its campaign of intimidation against all foreign nationals in Kuwait and Iraq, preventing those who wish to do so - including hundreds of Canadians - from leaving. The rescinding of those stips was unanimously damandcd by the Council in its resolution 664 (1990). Yet again, Iraq h&a failed to act in response to the unanimous call of this body. Not only has It4 failed to amply with four resolutions of the Councilr it has actively sought means by which it might avoid complying with thsm by attempting to enlist the assistance of other States , and even of private firms, to get around the sactfons imposed by the Security Council in its resolution 661 (1990). The rna*crs of the Council cannot ignore their responsibility to th2 international axmmrnity, and they have therefore no choice but to act once swre as they have done. The Qcisicn we have reached this morning has besr the subject of painstaking and careful amsultations and negotiations. It is undoubtedly one of (Mr. Fortier, Canada) the mwt difficult decision the Council has ever felt ampclled tn take. We have done so in t)re hope that 1~4 will respond without delay by allowing all foreiqn nationals to leave Iraq ad Kuwait and by withdrawing it8 forces from Kuwait, thus allorM the sovereignty of that Ma&et State of the United Nations to be restored. (Mr. Fortier, Canada) (spoke in French) As BCIPB of my colleagues have already said, we are living through a historic time in the contemporary history of the international community. The brutal invasion of Kuwait by Iraq mre than three weeks aqo and Iraq’s escalation of its violations of the rules of international law represent one of the most serious threats tp international peace and security that mankind has faced sinoe the signing of the United Nations Charter in 194% At the same time, the five resolution8 adopted by the Council without any dissent shah most clearly the transforraetion of the United Nations, which is rediscovering it8 true mission, as abnceived in San FrancisQo. Csnads has always been ready to participate in the active role played by the United Nations in the maintenance of world peace. T&ay Canada is here in this Chamber to join in an unequivocal condemnation of Iraq, whose recent actions constitute a flagrant violation of our Charter , and to vate, as we have just done, fa a reeolution whom primery objective is to bring about respect by Iraq for the rub of law. (continued in English) We very much hw that a peaaeful solution to thie cr ieie can be fiwnd. Suuh a solution can be bassd only on complianae with the resolutions of the Council, and it is with the intent of sending the strargeet signal to that effect to the Gaoernwnt of Iraq that the Security Counuil this morning has adopted this rwolution. Mr, lW2ALI (Malaysia) 8 Hany of us, including Malaysia, worked until the final hour to imprave the text of the draft resolution. The text that ua finally 8ohieved will not fully oath& eoaryone. Clearly, more ontld be &me with it. There are tie= that merit eharpef examination , and there uill k some who will retain apprcrhensione on c3ertAn points. At this time no ons can give my definitive assurance ar the action contemplated in the resolution. The lit~~us bet, therefore, will be its implementation. EWXyOne is aware of the implications, for the resolution is clearly in furtheranoe of resolutions 660 (1990) and 661 (1990). The course of actian to be taken cmsses a cleat line fraa applying sanctions ix~ readiness ti apply force if neceseacy in pursuit of compliance. The authority vested in the resolution by the Security Counail is given guardsdly, vith full awareness of the implications. We in the Non-Aligna MWeWint are avBpBe to having military forces frQp outside Powers Deployed in &her ragionsr meu if it is done QS the basis of legitimate appeal5 by aqgtfeveg parties. It is our e%Pectation that the reasans fot the presence of those btcee will oviftly be remwed and that equally quickly thosa force5 will leave the scene- The link in the resolution between tie aounttie5 referred to in paragraph 1 and the unltea Nations i5 not 60 satisfactotily spelt out as one vould have vishe8. But one should not be etatry-eyed an8 imagine that, given the pwent realities, there OM be UB international force under a bt\s fm Wlieing and adoming chited Oation hjunutttons. Given the need of the hour to enmre tbb mmplete effsutivenew of eanetion5, the Security Counail must, until that bay aoBlbSr be oimtent with only the beginning of United Nation5 control aation, althaugh Mslaysia snd other5 would have preferred a more aesrrtive and poWtent tela Qr the United Waticsns. WWdf, faWd with a &oiue bstwsm pratrsuted Ibb8~m &! mrnk A+ g=rfzt reaolutiow ad We naed fa urgent redrem to enawe that a country doe5 not di88maf frm existmae before our eyea, Malaysia has had to amly political judgment and support the rwolutbn. Malaysia is datermind that our aomiuaent On effective rcmction5 is etched by our -itSent to ennlure that the rwolution'r (Mr. Razali , Malaysia) implementation is kept within strict and limited perimeters. No licence is given for actions beyond that provided for in paragraph 1 of the resolution. Ustly, Halaysiir wishes to underline the need to continrre diplomatic and Political initiatives, which must be undertaken as a matter of course. There can be no hopeless or impossible situation. w call QI the Secretary-General, as wall as on the Arab oountries, to make even grater efforts. The Security Council, too, aat do no less. Dr l UWWJ KmBODJI N’zAJI (Zaire) (interpretation from French) t When the Council adopted resolution 661 (1990) establishing mandatory sanctions against Iraq, my country indicated that its vote was a message to all possessors of military force who would dare to use brute force to intimidate, and even to silence, militarily weak axantries. Despite that alear, prscise mssage, Iraq, to whidr it was addressed, hss gem from escalation to escalation, defying the Seaurity Council and thereby the international aMnnnDonmuty. DevelopPent in the Gulf have shoun us that both political and diplomatic efforts in the region have not led to any easing, muah less a solution, of the crisist that eolution met consist in the useonditiaral withdr8wsl of Iraqi troops from mdt. aafro regards resolution 665 (1990). which ws have just adopted, as a call by ths international aommunity to Iraq to return to the path of law and order. Iraq eanmt with @Unity moak Security Council decisions snd continue evading the sanctions imposed upar it by resolution 661 (1990). B/ it5 VaLe in fsvour 0t reeolution 665 (1990), Zaire reiterates its sbadfast p!?eitfen! mrrkmr*4m A# *ha 4nwra4an 4 wuumit a stgf+ llmhu ae tha United VW..-- .----.. -_ --+- ---.---- _. -- .._.. ---; ~~tbll5 Urd a &et of the bil-Aligned mvmnt, by a wet of the am international bodies - in thir case Iraq. (Mr. Lukabu Rhabouj i N’ Znj i, Zaire) Zaire calls upon Iraq to respect ths principles of international law governing relations between States and to respect the provisions of the Charter of the united Nations. The resolution just adopted by the Council is a l fitetu in the history of the United Nations. We agree on that. The resolution responds to a case unique in the annals of our Organisation. It is the firat case of an invasion of a State Member of the United Nations, followed by annexation of ail its territory, by another Hfaaber State. We hope that resolution 665 (1990) will be a useful deterrent tool which will oblige Iraq to respect the Council%~ decisions and induce it to withdraw from zkrwa it uncmdi tionally . Pot zsir.0, a people’s freedom is priceless. Mr. LOZINSKY (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (interpretation from Rmsian)t From the day Irag invaded Kuwait, the Swiet Union has taken a clear position Umleming that act of aggression, whhich created an extremely dangerous situatiar in the Persian Gulf area. Like most States, my country essentially had no other choice than to adopt that position, because the use of force to redraw State frontiers and annex a awereign country can start a chain reactim that threatens the entire world community. We denounced those actions as treachery and an arrogant flouting of international law and the Charter of the United Nations - in shat, of 8Vetything our Organisation x010 relies on fn fts efforts to turn ckiliaatim to the path of peaceful developsent. Our unanbiguous support for tie resolutions of the Security t%uncil reflects me soviet Union’s intention b aat e%alUsiVely Within the framework Of collective effort53 t0 Settle this cdSiS. ROm the very outset, we firmly and clearly advocated the use of political methods ti quench thy flames, ensure the imediate and unmditional withdrawal of Iraqi tSoOp13 frox Kuwait, restore the situation that existed before 2 August 1990 and steer the situation speedily b the path of peaceful dialogue end a search fOr *aaeful ~t0aahee. Thare are the objectives mtivating the Soviet Union’e vigmsun efforts in the United Nations to establish ~mtaote with leaders of the Arab world aad all Other interested partieo. Tbhoee m&acts have included an exchange of letters betwmn the Presidents of the USSR and Iraq. On 24 August - the eve of this Qmncil meeting - Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev wrote to the Iraqi President, emphasising ona mae the need for the Iraqi Qarernment to begin immediately to amply with the reguirmmnb of the Security ~~uncil*n teSolutione. President Gorbachev as0 pointed out that if those requirements were not met, tbe Security Council Vould inevitably be impelled to adopt appropriate additional Bbaauree* (Mr. Lozinsky, USSR) The Swiet Union has done and will continua to do everything possible for the implementation of the Secur hty Council*s resolutions, including resoJ.ution 661 (1990). In the communication of 23 August 1990 to the Secretary-General concerning our country’s action to implement the provisions of that resolution, the USSR reaffirmed its intention to comply strictly with the Sanctions until the crisis is resolved. It is clear that attempts to violate measures adopted by the Security Council cannot do anything to help establish a peaceful and constructive atmosphere Conducive to a political settlement of the Persian Gulf crisis. We have called@ and WJ continue ts call, upon the Iraqi leaders to make substantial dangee in their present policy. Unfortunately, we are forced to acknowledge that thus far our hopes have not been realizek Not only has Iraq not withdrawn its forces fran Kuwait, but it continues to take steps that must be described as illegal and defiant. The Soviet Union cannot fail bo be gravely concerned at the situation of the nation& of a number of countries in Iraq and Ruwait. Clearly a decisitn to hold foreign nationals by force is unprecedented in intecnational relations and cannot be condoned. We are firmly convinced that this problem must be resolved as quickly as possible, in accordance with the funBarPenta1 noram of international amduct, with humanitarian principles and with the ptinciplea of human tight& We call upon Irag to consider very carefully the world situation brought about by ite actions and to do nothing that could be viewed as defiance of the inbrnational unity and of the decisions of the Security Council, In cur vieu~ only this approach can make it possible to prevent an escalation of the Cri858 and to start working out a settlewent. Moreover, we emphasize the need for continued dialogue and a search for political solutiom throua efforts made within the United Nations and at the regional and bilateral levels, We reaffirm the readiness of the Sovtet Union e0 take joint action within the Security Council and outside it to seek timely waeures capable of settling the crisis in the region, whidr 18 now becomfng more acute. We wi0h to draw special attention to the importance of maintaining a high degree of unity in the actions taken by mambera of the Security Council and of the United Nations as a whole. NOW more then ever before, it is important to shw that in the di ffioult and explosive situation which naJ prevails in the Persian Gulf region, the stress must continue to be placed on nethods of dialogue and negotiation. This would further strengthen the authozip;y of the Otganization and would further enhance the preetige of the Secur ity Council. The Soviet Union supported the resolution dopted today because it favours precisely that kind of approach. The reaolutiar is intended to expand the amy of mean0 available for implementing the sanctions. But measures to implement the resolution must, aa indicated in the tent, be commensurate to the epecific ciEcumstena%s. Political and diplomatic metho should be employed b the marimum debgree possible. It is also important that the Security Counuil should continue to concern ialf an an ongoing basis with this extremely grave problem. We are prepared to make full uSe of the opportunities afforded by the maahinery of the Military Staff ittee and of the bmm~ttee eetablisbed under resolution 661 (19901. People in fhe Soviet Union underetand full well tire gravity of the situation resulting from tbe Pereien gulf atisis. We are nou QI the threshold of taking responsible docielons with respeat to masures that will chtermine the fate of many thousand13 of mple. The wift unfolding of events convinces ub beyond any doubt that it ie mt important under these eircuamtancee ti dirplay prudence and caution and not to permit reliance on forcible methods and on actiar that could brirw WPluaive daveloprrntzr in the 5ituation. Tn this amnection the Soviet delegmtion (Mr. Iminsky, USSR) vi&es to eraphasim once again that the gravity of the present situation requites everyone directly or indirectly involved in the dangerous confrontation to ahaJ respect for the vill of the international community end a sense of reeponsibility fol: the fate of the world. Mr. T&MJDD (Finland) t The international crisis caused by the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait is rapidly worsening. It is important naJ to mintsin the determination of the international ammmity to control the situation. Binland and other States Members of the United lationrr have set their hopes on the application of the principle of collective eeaurity in the feae of a~reesion. Regrettably, cm many occasion8 in the past, dieagrements and a lade of political will have prevented effective action. This time we sense that the whole international community is determined* It is of the utmost importance that collective security should war k, that the aggressa should not benefit from aggression. w may still have a difficult path ahead of us, but we are sure that the Security Council will amtinue to live UP to the confidence that member States have placed in it. More than three weeks have already PC? ?d since the Security Council adopted it5 c55OlUtion 660 (1990), demanding that Iraq should immediately and unconditionally withdraw all its forces from the territory of Kuwait. That is still the damand of the international community, the only way to return to peace and stability. The sovereignty, independanee and territorial integrity of Kuwait must be restored. Finland joins other countries in &mending that Iraq should give up its policy of keeping fureign nationals trapped in Iraq and in occupied Kuwait in violation of fundamental principle8 of international law. The foreign nationals remaining In Iraq and Kuwait against their will include a sizeable number of nationals from WUnd and other Ncraic acun tr ies. Just a few days ago the evacuation of Finnish ard Swedish naticnsls from Kuwait was stopped at the northern border of Iraq, where lD8t of the grasp remains a%tainea since then by the Iraqi authoritiea. Sinue Iraq has failed to comply with the reaolutfon demanding withdrawal, other resolution6 have bllared, in particular resolution 661 (1990), intralucing under Cbdptet VII of the Charter widet-ranging sanctions covering economic relations with Iraq srb the occupied territory of Kuwait. SO hang as the oazupa.tfon xtin*uasi our @irmt c neam muet ba to ansura that the sanctions are strictly - --_.. m?orasa. It is only logical, therefore, that the Security Council ehould nou strengthen its role in ensuring the implementation of the sanctiona. This is a further proof of the determination of the Council. The new rwolution now adopted authorizee (Mr. Tarnudd , Finland) Cutther measures at sea by member States in order to ensure strict enforcement of resolution 661 (1990). This is a decision without precedent and with far-reaching Cmplications. Therefore any concrete action by the naval forces concerned vi11 requiee close attention to ensure that they serve the pwposes intended by the Council. We see the new measures as strictly limited to the framework of resolution 661 (19901, str enqtheninq i te implementation. The Iraqi aaression and the oacuprtion of Kuwait demand sacrifices by umber States, tn particular by the States in the reqion. We hope that this new reeolutionr toqethet with those previously adopted, will facilitate the return of peace to the reqian. Suds a developuent is ale0 crucial to the uhole international aombunity. Sir CriePin TIQIELL (United Kingdom) t Tonight we have pit the fifth brick in the ediftie which the Comai has built to help protect the world fram the aggre6sien of a g~erful State agsinet its defenceless neighbour. I think the tactton of the bunoil to this orieis ie eremplary, and as others have maid, it ehcws a new epirib not juet olinginq to dw-honoured pracsdurea and wthobo of the past but a areative appU%!Eh of the interMtioM1 uoamunity in dealing with an unprecedented ar Me. How we awe Bmmtd to enlarge the nmans opm ti timber states -rating with the %overnragnt of Kuuait 8 *to use suah waOuteo -m&w&e to the spwifio oiqmar,tanaer ae my be riie::sirir -zii&r ti* fiGia~iiy oi the4 security Cormcil . ..@ (resolution 665 (19901, para. 1). (Sir Crispin Tickell, United Kingdom) I must m&e it cleat to the Council that those meaauree include such minfrmm use Of force as ssy be necessary to achieve the &uutposes of the parugraph I have cited. Naturally, we hops that it will not be necessary to use force. ft is imIXXtant that shipownars end their captains should oo-operate Qlly with nsval foruss dsployed in the area in halting their vesoels and permitting the inspection and Verification of their cargoes and destinations. This resoluthn is the result of mounting evidence of breaches of sanctions on 8 large scale. Sons of that ewidenoe - perhaps m sore than the tip of the iceberg - was futnisbsd to the bmaittee on economic sanction yesterday. As we klw, 5x ourselves, there is a stskp of tankers carrying Iraqi oil from Iraqi pate outwards from the Persian Gulf. If these open aots of defiasoe Bucaeed, the autbarity of the Couuoil, and of the United Nations itself, will be gravely snduainsd . Taaigbt tbe inters&ions1 Mnity has chosen ule best aourss for dealing with 8ui muiti1116 brssches of ~0mmic ssnctions, but f must remind the Counail that suffioient Legs1 authority to tske retion already exists usder ArtioLe 51 of tbs Cbartr aud the request which we aud others have received from the GoVernslent of &wait. If secessasy, we will use it. Tbo rssolution sbiah wm have just passed &es not Cover aL1 espeots of the problem, na dase it pretend to. tQlether ye need to consider other seasurw and psaorrd to otbw resolutions &pends primarily on the Qovsrnasnt of Iraq. ‘pnat Wrr?zlrcnt wet tatxign 188 and r-peat the wil.l of the hterfeiomL oQ=mityr as @rptSSSsd through the Council. The dwus has steadily beam sharpsr rrd clearer. %ni9ht ths fouss is at its sharpsst and clearest yet. (Sir Crispin Tiekell, United Kingdom) Let no one, leaat of all the Government of Iraq, doubt out determinattcn to see the imnradiate and unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi Forces frm Kuwait and the restoration of the legitimate authority in that country. Let no one, least of all the mambers of the Iraqi Governmnt, forget their perscnal responsibility for the outrages which succeed ea& other every day in the country which they have invaded, occupied and despoiled. Hr. ANET (ate d’fvoire) (interpretation fraP French): &Q country, C&e d’lvoire, is a profound beliwer in one religion; peace, whose seoulat arm is called dialogue. When dialogue is no larger possible, my country falls back m legality, that is to say, reepect for the Charter of the United Nations, in the broadest sense of the word *Chartarm, respect for the norua hid &wn by the Non-Aligned BiWemntr respect tot the Charter of the Otganieation of African Unity @All& and other inetrummts. BY Voting in tavoUr of the taut, of ubfob ue were a spDneor , we were msrelY reaffirming that yl~ do not believe that there ie any word twye apptopriate than Vefiancem to desarriba tbe behaviour of tbe Iraqi authorities. It has now been acre tbm t&se u& 8irm0 ta mat ta aaadaim unania~~sly first the invar,Lon and then the annexation of ihawait. Thcae act6 are violations of prinaiple8 of intematianal law and of the Charter of our Organisatian, but, abwe all, by their amtinLWIOb# thq sbar 1rsp.e Qfiana, of mankind. Through our resolutions 660 (1990), 661 (1990), 662 (1990) and 664 (1990) and the diplomatic actions taken by certain States , we have striven to impress upon traq the urgent need to terminate these actions, which are both illeqal and abSWd. Xraq has refused to entertain any such approaches. Our presence in this Charpbcr at this hour is praf that the international ammunity failed in its attempt to make the traqi authorities see reason. We hiled because we did not equip ourselves with the meaM of succeeding. Wa failed because the means with which we eguiwd ourselves IV implement the resolutions we adopted, especially that concerning the embargo, were deficient. C6te d’fvoire is a small amntry, a oountry that loves peace and justice, and we know that only scrupulous respect for international law and the United Nations Charter m tie pert of all States iucldinq Stag will enable UA to hops to live in pence in this planetary village, our world. 8y vating in f’avaur of resolution 665 (1990) my delegation did not merely intend to support just another resolution. Through this reeolution we intend not Only to met the existinq shorteminqs in the means available to iarplamnt earlier tesokltious, but above all we wish to say to Itag that the international emmnity OmnOt wait in&finitely and tolerate being mocked. ?Jy country believes peace is still possible , md that the restaatton of the APab people’s dignity is still pseible. It requires the innmdiate an6 unconditional withdrawal of Zrag from Kuwit. #I&‘. TADESBE (Ethiopia) z The United Nations 68cur ity Camcil has QDI a long uay in discharging its respeneibilities with regard to the invasion of Kuwnit by Iraq* 4 -inbining unpram%mted unanimity in mn&nmtng the aggression, la imposing sanctions ad declaring the illegal anneaaticm of Kuwait null and void, ao well aa responding swiftly to the humanitarian cmuarn of foreign nationals in uuwit nd xr.q, the mracil has sb t* iha UQ ta sxpectatiow es envinqd in the Charter of the United Nationri. (Mr. Tadesse, Ethiopia! Gnfortunately successive Security Council decisions have yet to be implemented. Nluch r-ins to be expected of Iraq by way of addressing the core issue of compliance, particularly with Security Council resolution 660 (19901, Calling for the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces fran Kuwait. It is therefore imperative that the Security Councf1 take a@PrOPriate action aimed at enfotcinq full ormpliance by Sraq with the provisions of its resolutions aiared at restoring the owereignty and territorial integrity of Ku-it ad ensuring the maintenance of peace and security in the region. In this regard it is our convictich that the Security Council, as the vanguard of world peace and security, continues to exetrcise its authority in the implementation of it5 decisions before the situatia, deteriorates further with ominous c~seqWmces for the raaintenance of peace and aecur ity. This resolution, we believe, provides fa such enforcement measutee mdet the authority oP the Se-W bunoil to ensure full ampliance with the prwieions of reso~tion 661 (1990). It ie in the light of this principled position and with the hm that it will help put a epee& end to the erieis in the retgicn that m delegation hae lent its support to the remslution just adopted. ME. l.1 Daonr (China) (intstpretation frarP Chinese) t Since the invasion end anne%atiGl of Rurait by Iraq the Security Council hhe adoptad four resolute in sucL1858 ion. It is rsgrettable, h-ever, that Iraq has failed thus far to iwplemsnt thoee resolutions and fte nili tary forces have not been wi thdram from Kuwait. As the tension in the Gulf region oontinws, the Chinese &legation L very anxioue and cmcerned. It ii3 China’s consistent stand that the current Gulf crisis should be settled politically and by peaceful mana. We ruppor t the Arab amtrie8 in their efforts fa a political solution. We almo respect their dsmand for strengthened capabili tie3 to defend themselves. fn our view the QreB8ing need of the mcxuant is seriously and effectively to implement the four Security Council resolutions already adopted, including resolution 661 (19901, on the imposition of sanctions. Irag should withdraw all its military forces fran Kuwait fmnmdiately and unconditionally . The sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of. Kuwait should be restored and respected. And the safety and freedom of the foreign nationals in Iraq and Ruusit should be guatant@ed. In order to prevent a further worsening of the situation and to implement the Security Council resolutions effectively, thus bringing about an early restoration of peace and security in the Gulf region, we maintain that the mchanisms of the United Nations, including the Committee established under resolution 661 (19901, should be fully utilized. That Committee should expeditiously examine the implementation of the resolution and make relevant recommendations, which will be discussed and acted upon by the Council. We also hcqe to see mdiatioh and good offices by the United Nations Secretary-tkneral in this regard and will support him in playing such a role. In the interest of averting escalations of the armd conflict, which will gravely worsen the situation, we are in principle agsinet military involvement by big MUeKe and are not in favour of using force in the nam of the United Nations, for this will not help solve the crieie but rather will hjnder the efforts of the Unitad Hations and other quarters for a political solution, leading to further sggravstia, and mnplieaticm of the situation. Therefore we had that masures rmst be taken within the Ptamawork of resolution 661 (1991Xr which does not provide for the use of force, and will naturally not allow force to be used for its implementation. Baa&I an the abwe considerations, we have proposed deletion OC the reference to TulnlAum use cf force” I ran the previous draft resolution. The aresent draft (Mr. Ci Daoyu# China) resolution, as amended by various parties, is limited to the imptmentaticm of resolution 661 (1990), ana there is no reference to the minimum use of force. We think that the reference in the draft resolution to using “such measures aommeurete to the apacific circumstances as may be necessary” does not contain the aonatpt of wing force. Based on the above understanding, and considering that our amendments have been acaeptecl, we voted in favour of the draft resolution. In COnClwi~ we appeal once again to the parties concerned to exercise restraint, refrain from using force and seek the peaceful settlement of this aerioua crisie through negotiations and dialogue. The ERESlDENTr I shall new make a statement in my caeacity as the repreeentative of lbmania. The delegation of Romania voted in favout of the draft resoluttcn contained in dacumant S/21640. In this regard my delegation would like to reiterate the positian eKpresaed by the Governmmt of Ebrmnia on the situaticn between Iraq and aucsit. That posi tiar is vell knwn to all members of the security Council ae it was axrxsssed on the oaoasion of the acbption of previous resolutions QI the item under -idoration. (The President) Romania is resolutely against the use of force to annihilate the independence and sovereignty ?f another State, namely, Kuwait, and to annex that country1 it believes that all States must observe the prwisions of the Chart= and the universally accepted principles of international law. We believe that all follow-ups a additional measures undertaken by the Council should be an integral part of the actions already decided upon by the Council throuqh resolutions 660 (19901, 661 (19901, 662 (1990) and 664 (1990). New steps should be taken and implemented in conformity with the relevant prwisions of the Charter and with full respect for the functions and powers of the Security Council. w delegation shares the opinion that &tier States should continue to act in the spirit of tntctnational solidarity and unity for the implementation of all resolutions adopted by the Security Council. At the sams tim, we find it appropiate to reaffirm our conviction that tmder the given circurmtances it is necessary for all States to display nxxleration and responsibility and to undertake nothing that my further aggravate the situation. I resume y function as President of th? Council. The Council will now hear other stataments. I call on the representative of uulm it. Mr. ABULRWW (Kuwait) (interpretation fran Arabic); At the outset, it is imperative that I should cxprem thanks ta the States which voted in favour of resolution 665 (1990), just adopted. Their vote is a living expression of their mitment to the principles of the Charter and defence of the credibility of the Secur it? Council. In ackmtina this resolution. tha Security Council antars hiatorv throuQI its widest gates and lays a eolid baeis for peace and the safequarding of the rights and principles of peoples. (Hr. Abulhaean, Kuwait) The Council meets today to follow uQ and complement the persistent and effective efforts that have been under my since the wantan aggression comitted against Kuwait and the occupation of Kuwaiti territory, rendering its Qeople homeless and annexing the muntry through the use of overrrhelminq force. That effort on the part of the Council has led to the abption of five resolutions which expressed the wnscience and sentiroents of the whole world in condeminq the Iraqi thgime, its expansionist schemes and its total disregard fa human Value8 and principles, for international norum and fOK the fundamentals of civilized hmn relations. Thm the Iraqi riqime has been totally isolated from the civilised comnity of nations and nov finds itself in a dark corner, follwing a jurt decision by the world combunity and the Council, namely, that it is an outlaw, non-peace-loving r6gime which the international amnunity cannot trust or deal with, and for that reason it has imposed comprehensive sanctions cn that rigiw. This boycott would not have been enforced had not the Council shcwn a positive response in keeping with the principle8 of justice. The Council is l uare of what Kuwait, a smmll and peaceful omntcy, does tc serve its citizens, to prwids thr with a welfare system and to make optimum UM of Kuwait’s God-given natUfa1 resources. Kuwait’s pioneer role in the economic developsent of the developing vorld ir well known. Ku-it has prcuided unlimited support to its brothers and sisters because it has etrenuouely pursued and firmly believes in a policy of sharing its natural resources equitably and actively ProlaotinY peace. Alarg with the rest of the international -Iunity, Kuwait hab homd that thr Iraqi K&ime would a-ken from its fit of senseless adventurism and coaply rationally vith the international will and implement the Council's resolutions by withdrawing - immediately, totally and unconditionally - from all Kuwaiti territory and restoring the legitimate Government of Kuwait under the leadership of its Amir, Sheikh Jabir aldhmad al-Jabic al-Sabah. Iraq would thus have saved the regicn the dire wnsequences of a tragedy whose dimensions only God knows. We had hoped that the Iraqi r&gime would live up to its responsibility to the People of Iraq, which has been plagued by that riqilae, and save it from the darkness imposed on it by the riqime*s boundless aggressive aspirations. We had hopad that the Iraqi rigime would have saved the Iraqi people the pain of the comprehensive embargo under which it is now living. But it seeas that this path, which has been pursued by the Council as the safest means of forcing the Iraqi rCgims to withdraw totally and unconditionallYr -8 not Without certain loopholes which have been exploited in order to circumvent the Council’s resolution 661 (1990) calling fa a comprehensive rigime of smcttonlr. Given an Iraqi rigir that does not adequately consider the rights and tha fate of its wple, let alone the rights of ths proud people of Kuwait now suffering under Iraqi occupation, failure tc close those loopholes could prolong the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and perpetuate the suffering of the Kuwaiti people under every form of terrorism, intimidation, o~ressicn, looting, eviction and violation of all that we hold sacred. Those loopholes could give the Xraqi r&gime the Opportunity to wipe out Kuwaiti i&ntity and wresk havoc on the resources and wealth of the Kuwaitt people. (Mr. Abulhasan, Kuwait) Kumit, nw armed with this overwhelminq support of the entire world, is determined to liberate its territory , to restore its dignity and to expel the aqqress ive usurper. Ku-it will, as it has alays done, follcw the path of peace to attain and secure its c iqhts. By calllnq for the use of all PssibLe mans, including the military option, to tighten the sanctions rggime imposed against Iraq, the resolution adopted toniqht can, we believe, attain the desired result; it closes the loopholes in resolution 661 (1990) that have been exploited by the oppressive Iraqi rigime. Thus, the resolution rib1 contribute to the attainmnt of Ksuwait’s legitimate &mand that its entire territory and its legitimate Gwemment be restored to it. The acbption by the Security Council of resolution 665 (1990) in fact sends a clear, resoundirq message to the Iraqi rbgime that the international community, whose conscience the Council represents, 1s determined to impose its will on that riqime and to bring pressure to bear on it by all means in order to force it to implement the Council’s resolutions 660 (19901, 661 (1990)) 662 (19901 and 664 ( 1990). Peace cannot be attained by means of any initiative that is not based in the first place on mplete and unconditional withdrawal Erom all Kuuri ti territory and restoration of the legitimate Government of Kuwait. If those two conditions are not met, all initiatives - no matter what they are and no matter who takes them - will remain an illusion, a mirage; they will be stillborn; they will be only an attempt to evade and ciramvent the tiuncil’s straightforward resolutions. If ?@a? i? %be rcgis;. i; ‘Lb3 ie acilieved, tne core of the problem must be addressed - and not its implications, especially when they are dealt with ;electi.Jely. (Mr. Abulhasan, Kuwait) - We have heard it stated - in this Chamber as well - that it would be morz appropriate to seek m Arab solution, that a settlement could be achieved within m Arab framework. No one can question our keen desire to address the issue in the proper way and to place it in the prqmr perspective. Indeed, we souqht to settle the whole problem in an Arab conhxt, but all of a sudden the Iraqi President invaded and occupied an Arab Stab. We have also aouqht a solution within an Arab framework to the effects of the occupation; but we have seen the Resident of Iraq rejecting Arab resolutions that were clear ad explicit in that regard. If the Iraqi rigime really wants tc addreee the issue vithin an Arab franmuork, there is only one path to follow, imnrdia tel y: the withdrawal of its invading forces, vithout restrictions or conditions, in accordance with the resolution adopted W the Arab mraign Ministers on 2 August 1990 wd the resolutions subsequently aQpted by the Arab Summit and the Foreign Ministers of Muslim countries. Iraq aceuses the international community of acting in haste and appeals for patience and far inquirlam during uhi& it could clarify its position. It is not a charcr=terirtic of Kuwait to act in haste. Our desire to safeguard the interests of our homeland and the safety of our people rnder ocarpation has p:cmpted w to move, SlmlY, t-erds the tightening of the embargo manures and the closing of all the lwpholea Wty attmpt to invoke humanitarian considerations b, stating that foodstuffs ~8 ,-mSicinra should be excepted fran the embargoed qoods is only a pretext that might sham to be pertinent but is really designed to canmufbge malicious &8 ignta. All the humanitarian problems arising from aggression md occupation will be solved ace the aggrerrion am3 the occupation and their effects are brought to an end. That can happan mly if there i A firm in’cerr,ational solidarity, whicfi will contributi ??o forcing the aqqr=.ssor to impiement SeCUrftY Comcil resolutiort 650 (199CM. (Mr. Abulhasan, Kuwait) We are conftdent that what the Security Council hss done will go dam in the annals of history. For, in adopting this resolut.ion today, the Council has contributed to ensuring the complete and unconditional withdrawal of the invading Iraqi forces fras the territory of Kuwait and the restoration of the legitimate Government of Ku-it. Despite the tragedy that has befallen us, we stress that we seek peace; we have alrays sought peace, and we shall continue to seek peace. Ku-it will see its freedola and pride restored~ it will again be the nmster of its fate, un&t the leadership of its Bead of State, Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-F&ah, with the faithful people of Kuwait and all the peace-loving nations standing behind him. You, the rPes&ers of the Security Council , represent the conscience of the world community. The AIISlDmT: The next speaker is the representative of Ghan, who wishes to make a statement on behalf of the States raetiers of the Gulf Co%peration counci1. 1 invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his ststement. Mr. AL-KHISSAIBY (Oman) : The Security Council has, in a very short the, adopted a nusbec of very important resolutions aimed at resolvirq the critical situation brought about by the Iraqi invasion and annexation by force of the brother State of Rubeit. (Mr. Al-Rhussaiby, Qln) We had hoped that Ir4 would reapmd positively to the call8 of the international commnity and the resolutions of the league of Arab States and the Otganiaation of the IBmiC Conference to work towarde achiming a peaceful solution by withdrawing frcr Kuwait and rertorating the legitimate authority of Kurmit. It ir with deep regret that ya find Irq imtead in8irting an the continued occupation of await, which bggrav8ler the situation and Mke8 it exttenely dangerour. That ir rrhy my Governlrnt joined with alher state8 in aakinq the SUWrity Council to convene thi8 meting and to lo& into neCe888ry mea8ure8 for the ilrplementation of the relevant Security Council resolutions, and e8pccially to ensure compliance with Security buncil re8olution 661 (199D), in accordaxe with Chapter VII of the United Rationcl Charter md in the way that the !3ecurity Council de8zm most appcopriate. This mxning the Gulf Co-operation Comcil muntries welcom the adoption of resolution 665 (1990). I wish to expceu 0’~ l ppceciatiar to your Sir, to the paraanent mwrbera of the Security Comcil, and to the non-aligned mblber8 of the Security Council for their time and efforts. r cuntinu to call upon Iraq to heed logic and virrdol, and we urm it to aeept all the pr*vioum re8olution8 in a&r to avoid danger8 yet unfocemen to the brotherly psople of It4 md the whole region. The PRESIDRIT~ I call an the representative of Iraq. Mr. AL-AND&U (Iraq) t ’ I asked for the oppottunity to Bpaak before the voting in order b shw the illegality of Security Council ruolution 665 (1990) under the Chertm OC the United #&ions. m YOU ~id08, sir, without citing a w-dent or praxdure, you preferred to d8ny IW that privileg8. However, I am pleaned that kay colleague, the repcewntative of Cubs, highlighted the illegal aemct of that resolution. That i8 Ay I shall be vary brief in explaining why it is illegal under the Charter. (spoke in Arabic) Security Council resolution 665 (1990) is unjustifiable. It contradicts itself. Security Council resolution 661 (1990) is based on Article 41 oE the Charter, which clearly states that no force should be anployed to qive eEfect to economic measures decided by the Security Council. That reservation is emphasized by the fact that five members of the Security Council which voted in favour of the resolution cx abstained from voting on it expressed do.*bts about its applicability and appropriateness. The fact is that olir lolleagus, the representative of the PeopLe’s Republic of China, frankly stated that he had voted in favour OF the resolution while wnvinced that it does not authorise the use of force to implement the measures provided fcx in resolution 661 (1990). Hwever, at the sams time, we hestd several representatives warn of the need to keep use of force at a minillue a necessary level. Such contradictions refl@t the pressures exerted on the smmbers of the Security Council ta adopt an unjustifi.able resolution. The resolution wmmits an even scar+ dangerous oontravention. Any use of focce in accordance with the Charter falls under provisions of Article 42 and is governed by subsequent articles, Particularly since those articles limit the use of force b the Security Council, in co-operation with the Military Staff Committee, in accordance with agreements made by the Security Council with trmpoontributing States, whose troops are thereafter placed under the authority of the United Nations. We my well won&r here why the sponsors nf IW+~~I*+(A.. CCC I1abn* sir+? IyJ ian ____^_--,. -“d ,*rru, to avoid invokinq the authority and purview of the Security Council under the provisions of Article 42 of the Charter. (Mr. Al-Anbari, Iraq In my opinion, the reasons aLe as follows. Pirst, Article 42 is invoked on the basis of the Security Council’s assessment, in the light of a report submitted by the Secretary-General, of the effectiveness of economic measures and their SuCCess. However, the spnsors of the resolution, in their haste, did not find it easy to wait for 5 September , when the Secretary-General is to submit his report. what is sore important, and more dangerous , the sponsors endeavoured to undermine the Security Council’s authority and to circunwent the mechanisms enshrined in the Charter md embodied in the Security Council and tried to take control of that authority. We believe that the haste and prtHdUrC?S in producing the rea3OlUtlOn are designed to facilitate large-scale military aggression by United States forces, now masuing in the oil fields of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in w-Operation with Israeli armed forces and intelligence circles. For that reason, the resolution, while underraining the security Council’s authority, is void in substance and detail. The Security Council has no right to dapcive itself of its own authority, or to &legate that authority to a nuaber of States , unless the Charter is properly aaanded . mrmver, the resolution is very dangerous. It lays cbwn rm logical basis for the use of force, It gives no real authority to the Security Council, the Military Staff -ittee, the Security Council Cmittee concerned or the Seoretary-General in supervising the use of force’by maritime States, Unoontrolled and unoontained force leads to tyranny and oppression. That is true of the use of force under the resolution. As I have said, there are no real limits OK txxmdarier ensuring the proper use of force on the high aeas. Furtbermom, with the presence of United States forces, naval, air and land forces in nu&mrs mprmxn%nted in the history of the Middle East, the use of (Mr. Al-Anbari, Irrq) force by the United States cx any of its allies or plppets in the hysterical atmorphere nov prevailing in the region will inevitably Lead to a number cf explosions, uhi& will burn all in their Path. Iraq therefore believes that it vould have been wiser for the Security Council to avoid weakening it8 own credibility. Xt would have been’ wiser not to undermine the whole United Nations ayatea. I 63 not think I exaqqerate when I say that many States which voted in favour of the resolution, a abstained, wiLL face the day when they are the victim of such a prazedent. The ceaolutim, uhich the United States and its aLlice endeavoured to produce in order to give legitiaacy to their acts of aggte8sion, actually represents an admission by the Unitd Stata that ita nilrcary actiom agaimt Iraq aince the adosion of rmolution 660 (1990) have indeed been aggressive and illegal acta. That is why the United States 90 hastily sought a fig-leaf. The United States oontinuea to act arrogantly. ft inaicltr on ita t iqht to use force, whether the 8ecurity Council aboptd the resolution a not. Thu position of the United States l h-5 that countty’r arrogance and .rreapzuwibility. It rhars the real viw the Unitad Statea holda of the United Nationa and the Security Cancilr which it sew aa toolr bo be wed to cover up its acts of a~reseion at a time when it doer not hesitate to blacklaail the United Natiom in order to ensure the protection of ita alliand puppets, such (r Israel, by refusing to psy itr amessed amtributiom to the United Nations budget, which new total over d 500 rillion. Further-e, bY Producing this illegal resolution, the United States k increaring the reriournew and conplexity of the l ituation. It is forcing an esclrlation Of ten#ion and a rwort to armd force, .&fch will lead to an aplaion of the situation even befa8 the Secretary-General*8 report QI the irplementatior, of ecmk nasuru is rubdttid on 5 Sepellber. That ir in oorplete (Mr. Al-Anbari, Iraq) contradiction of the ain and objectives of the Security Council and of the Charter of the United Nations. Therefore the United States, which has mssed its attack forces in the hrab Gulf region , .dm umd the Security Count il to ensure the implmentation of its plan, a plan rsentially aind at using force against Iraq and servinq the interesta of the United Statea ad the expansionist interests 0.f zionimm in the region, as well as United States hegemny over the wealth of the region, shipping in the Gulf and the destiny of tha peoples of the Gulf. (Mr. Al-Anbari, Iraq) In our view, a sttanps phenomena\ is takirq place in this Council. It weakens the credibility of the Security Council and the Council’s ability to implecwnt its resolutions by peaceful means. Moreover, it replaces internationel leqittnacy on the high seas with the arbitrary individual use of force under the uhrella of the Security Council unfurled through the adoption of an illcqitimate reSOlUt.iOn. The full historical responsibility for this falls squarely on the shoulders of the United States of America and its allies. Many of the speakers aho preceded me referred to the importance of continuinq diplomatic efforts, especially through the Arab Group. But it is clear that through their behaviour - in requestinq meetings of the Security Council, in the hasty adoption of unjust resolutions and in holdinq meetings at short notice, thus providing no opportunity for dialogue - the United States and its allies have slamrasd the doa on any peaceful solution, despite the initiatives put forward in a spirit of seriousness and responribiiity by Iraq ad other Arab brethren. m cannot fail at this stage tc draw the attention of Council #aembers to the provocative nature of the massive ckployment of troops by the United States of kerica, the United Kingdom and *heir allies nd to the use of that massive deployrent to impose a blockade and famine upon the Iraqi people, in an wcivilized and inhufmn fashion unprecedented in contemporary history. All of that has taken place in the pmst two weeks, alarq with the adoption of five consecutive resolutions at a pace matched only by the speed of the United States rejection of all peace initiatives prt forward by Iraq. $42 --.-A aVY.U 3 -*--- .---A-- -^^--^l-- ---^--lru C&-L rr.,,&lsy c”*lws*l.~lly “qy.I-“r*u.. ---L--L rr- ..‘Ju.‘.Y- -...xe -I- +-h%(l th+ ..-_ . . United States military forces in the Gulf are not there to defend anyone8 thev are there and will remain there as a wntinuinq factor for occupetion and threats, with the principal objectives of takinq over the rugion’s oil wealth and controllinq its (Mr. Al-Anbari, Iraq) production, pricing and marketing, so as to render the reqion’s oil a weapon that can be used to threaten today’s friends of the United States which my become its opponents tomorrow and to deprive the peoplea of the region oE their independence, their right of self-determination and the enjoyment of their own national wealth. Mr. PI(XERING (United States of America): The hour is truly late. T~‘M absolutely bizarre and warped statement we have just heard can oertainly never be dignified by a reply. Untortunately, and regrettably, it not only was not short, as promised, but also fully justified in every nay the very solstep uhkh the Council hae just taken. The PRSSIDENT: The representative of Iraq has asked to speak, and I call upon him. Mr. AL-ANBARI (Iraq): The representative of the United States, distinguished as he is, in replying to my commnts the other day, accused Iraq of not beinq qood at public relations. I rccognize that, and I pay h3e the oompliment of saying that the Unitsd States has shown itself to be a real master of public disinforation. Ris mmnts on ny statement are an illustration of that. The PRESIDBNT: There are WI further speakers for this meetinq. The Security Council has thus amcluded the present staqe of Its consideration of the item on its aqenda. The §ecurity Council will remin seized of the matter. The meting roee at 6 a.m.