S/PV.497 Security Council

1 uuderstand that the Soviet Union representative is referring to documents S/1719jRev.l and S/1674. Is that correct? Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) : Yeso

In that case, 1 am not quite certain what his point is in refcrring to them. They have been circulated as Security Council documents. Anyone, inc1uding the Soviet Union representative, can refer to these documents if he so desires. If the intention is to have them read eut now, 1 am afraid 1 cannot agree to that procedure. They are far too long and would take up too much time. Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (!ranslated from Russian) : With a view to saving thè Securil.y Council's time, 1 proposed that these documents should be inc1uded in the record without having ,hem read out here. They deserve to be read out, but, as they were previo1:ls1y distributed to the members of the Security Council, perhaps it is unnecessary to read them out now. However, it wonld be desirable for them to be included in the record without being read 011t at this meeting.

1 am still not quite c1ear as to what the Soviet Union representative wishes. It appears that he does not want these papers to be read out, but he does want them formally put into the verbatim record. Of course, they are formally on the record in a sense. They have been circulated, and the Soviet Union representative has now drawn attention to them. 1 do not see any particular reason why they should figure as such in the verbatim record of the Council's meeting today. However, if the representative of the Soviet Union so desires, 1 see no objection to adding them as annexes to the verbatim record. Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian) : It is desirable, in view of their importance, that these documents should be annexed to the record of the Security Council.

Does any member of the Council have any obj::,ction? As there is no objection this will be done. l - , Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian) : In the cablegram from the - 1 Documents S/1674 and S/1719/Rev.l are annexed. On 22 August the Security Council received a cablegram, set forth in dOl.-ument Sjl719jRev.1, from Mr. Pak Hen Eu, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the P~'ople's Democratie Republic of Korea, transmitting report no. 1 of the Commission of the United Democratie Fatherland Frout for the Investigation of Crimes of L'le American Interventionists and the Syngman Rhee Clique. The facts verified by this Commission and cited in the above document can be compared only to the crimes of the hitlerite invaùers. Let me cite just a few facts from the report. The city of Pyongyang has been subjected to repeated bombings by the United States Air Force. From 3 to 28 July, 18,203 dwelling houses in the city were eompletely destroyed and several thousand houses damaged. More than 800 persons were killed and wounded. Ten plants and factories producing popular consumer goods, Lhree hospitals, a teacher's training institute and severai churches were destroyed. On 3 July, United States bomber::; in a raid on Pyongyang bombed the Ministry of Communications hospital; out of the 47 patients in the hospital, 10 were killed, 34 seriously wounded and 3 slightly wounded. Thus, aIl the patients were casualties of this barbarous terror attack. From 2 to 27 July the town of Wonsan suffered twelvt:: attacks by United States bombers, in which 4,028 houses were destroyed, 1,647 persons - includmg 739 wornen and 325 children - were killed, and 2,367 per:>üns were woundd. Four factories, three hospitals, seven schools, two theatres, one institute, etc. wtre destroyed. F1Jm 2 July ta 3 August the town of Hungnam was subjecteri tü eight attack-s, in which 200 airplanes took part, dr'"Jf1ping 2,000 t.ombs. As a result of these ~t'.4cb, thTf:é schools, a theatre, two polyclinics, a Tlwsc are only a few out (lf th.:: endless number of glaring and monstrous crimes committed by the United States Air Force in Korea. In the ahJve-mentioned report 110. 1 thcse nU!TIeïOUS facts occupy twenty pages. Wc learn also from the official communiqués of the '[niteo. States Commano. that the United States Air Force, day after day, drops thousands of tons of bombs on pcacdul, unddeno.ed Kr :"can towns and villages. It should he addcd that the United States Command itself recognizes that its bnmbers meet with no rcsistance; this me<lns that it subjects the undefended, pcacdul towns and "il1ages of Korea to barbarous terror attacks and rhus commits its crimes against the pcacdul population of that country with perfect in'punity. 1 1 Ali this has hecn done in accordance with the plan prrpared by MacArthur's staff. Thus, communiqué no. 177 datfd 1 August states that under the plan of the Fnited States Air Force's Far Eastern Bomber Commando a minimum of 5,000 tons a 1110nth is to be droppeJ on -rOI"th Kon'a alone. Tlw harbarous bombing attacks b)' the L'nited States Air Force on peacefu! town!- and population centres in Korca h:1\'c resulteo. in the total destruction of the tOWI1 of Hungnam, the district centre of \Vonju, the yiliages of Denpho and Yangak, the towns of Hongchon and Pyongtaek and man)' others. The major part of the town of \\'onsan is in ruins, and a number of rc~idcntial quarters in the towns of Pyongyang, Seou1. Chinnampo and others have been totally destroyed. In a single attack on \Vonsan on 13 Jul)', the l'nited States bomhers destro)'ed Red Cross hospitals. the city hospital and a sanatorium, brutally killing 170 patients. The coastal town of Yongdok has been burnt dOV\oJl and totally destroyed by heav)' artillery fire from a "United States cruiser and a LTnited Kingdom cruiser, which. at Rear AdmiraI Higgins' command, shelled the tOWI1 during haH the day and the whole night of 19 Ju1)'. An artillery liaison officer reported that the n:~;u1ts were "terrible". As a result of shelling from the cruisers, fin's were started in the town. Smoke from those fires was seen from the ships for twelve hours after the end of the bombing. Accorùing to ML Boyle, correspondent of the United ~tates news agency, the Associated Press, another Korcal1 toW'11 - Yongdong - was subjected to an equally barbarous bombing. He states: "Yongdong, which onl)' two weeks before had been the principal L'nited States defence base in Korea, no longer exists. Il looks like Nagasaki after the explosion of the atom bomb. It has suffered very hravily as a result of cease1ess attacks by United State"s "Then we tumed home, fol1owing the val1eys filled with smoke and the dul1 glow of buming villages!' A United Press report of 3 AUg'l1st states that the United States Air Force had tumed a large number of villages behind the North Korean lines into fiaming ruins. In Press release no. 228 dated 9 August issued by General MacArthur's Headquarters in Tokyo it is stated that seventeen air raids by American B-26 bombers had been carried out on the town of Kumchon, capl.ured by the North Korean troops, and that the whole town was in fiames. The town of Taejon suffered the same fate. The special correspondent of the Hsin Hua Agency reported from Korea on 11 August: "Taejon was a large modem city with a population of 200,000. Now practically nothing is left of it. There is nothing to bomb any more, but United States planes come here every day and bomb and strafe the city with unheard-of cruelty, trying to destroy every trace of its existence." As st?ted in General MacArthur's staff communiqué no. 228, the towns of Sunchon, Kwangju, Toamgin and Namwon were also bombed. In addition to bombing populated centres, the United States Air Force barbarously fires machine-guns and rockets at the peaceful Korean population on the streets of towns and villages. United Sj:ates fiiers barbaroasly attack Korean peasants at work in rice paddies, gardens and fields, dropping bombs on them and shooting <'.t them with machine-guns and cannons. Children, women and old people are being kil1ed. The United States Command in Korea, in helpless rage at the military reverses suffered by the United States armed forces in their fight against the Korean people, whose territory they have invaded at Truman's order, has begun to apply the scorched earth policy. Under the pretext of fighting b".1errillas, dozens of Korean villages and towns are being bumed to the ground. The New York Times of 1 August published a report stating that United State~ security patrois began to bum down villages behind the positions of the First Cavalry Division, thus carrying out the The houses of local inhabitants we:re fired by torches, and tall columns of smoke rose above the front line between Hwanggan and Kumchon. The people were ordtred to evacuate these villages a few days earlier. By order of the United States interventionists and their Syngman Rhee puppets in Korea, there are mass executions of Koreans who are unwilling to leave their birthplaces, their homes and property, and to retreat with the United States. Thus, in the burned down villages of Songjin and Nekwan over 3,000 Koreans have been shot; 600 have been shot in Pyongtaek (Heitako) and about 1,000 in Taejon. The bloody terro:e instituted by the United States interventionists has reached such excesses that, in the vast spaces of Korea along the front and in the rear of the United States troops, there are few signs of !ife. The Korean villagers still left alive are unable to leave their houses, aùd many have taken refuge in the hiIls to escape the United States terror. The barbarous attacks of the United States Air Force in Korea have caused the destruction of such "military" objectives as schools, hospitals, educational institutions and a great many other public :md cultural institutions of Korea, On 29 August, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the People's Democratie Republic of Korea informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in a cablegram set fortn in document S/1747, of the barbarous bombings by the United States Air Force of a Korean hospital in the town of Chunghwa. One of the hospital buildings was destroyed and others seriousl) damaged. Sorne of the patients were killed. The cablegram of 4 September 1950 From Mr. Pak Hen En, the Minister for FIJH:ign Affairs of the People's Democratic Republic of KorE.a, addressed to the Security Council and received the day before yesterday, announces a new crime by the United States Air Force in Korea. it reads [S/1768] : "I have the honour to inform you of the following. "At 6.20 a.m. on 27 August two United States fourengined bombers and four fighters attacked a Korean hospital train in the area of the Pyongyang railway station at 364 kilometres. The hospital train, which had cIearly visible Red Cross signs on the roofs and walls of the cars, was bombed and at the same time machinegunned. As a result of this barbarous bombing and machine-gunning 19 wounded were kiIIed, 56 wounded sustained further heavy wounds and two hospital cars were set on fire. "On behaH of the Government of the People's De~ocratie Republic of Korea I vigorously protest ag-amst these misdeeds of the United States interventioni.sts which are a gross violation of the Geneva ConventIOn and elementary standards of international law. PIease take without delay the necessary steps to put an end to such barbarous acts by the United States In connexion with these barbarian and criminal bombings, it is possible to quote the evidence of United States officers and men themselves. This is what Vnited States prisoners oÏ war write in their cablegram from Korea received by the Security Council on 28 August 1950, set forth in document S/I724: "Indiscriminate air-raids of our planes, which have killed 50 many innocent inhabitants and destroyed so many hospitals, school-building.5 and dwelling-houses, could bring on little change in the situation. Indiscriminate bombardment and strafing have no other effect than ever-increasing indignation of the Korean people against the Americans. Daily wc see with our own eyes how our planes attack non-military targets, and wc ourselves, being quartered in a mere dwelling district, are also exposed to the brutal United Sldtes air-raids." From aIl these facts, only one conclusion can be drawn: the United States armed forces in Korea are committing criminai acts \vhich cannot be justified by any military considerations. Only the vicious hatred which United States ruling circles feel for the Korean people, and the peoples of Asia which are defending their lawful right to freedom and independent existence, can expiain the crimes being committed at the orders of the Vnited States High Command by United States armed forces in Korea. General MacArthur, who is committing these bloody crimes in Korea and who stands convicted of them before the whole worId, is trying to avoid blame and to justify himself by alleging that the dwelling houses contain large quantities of military equipment and that he is therefore obliged ta "fire and destroy such dwellings". That is the explanation given by MacArthur in his third report to the Security Council, set forth in document S/1756 dated 2 September 1950. But who will believe that arms were hidden in 18,203 dwelling houses in Pyongyang or in 4,028 houses in Wonsan, hundreds of kilometres from the front, or in the dwelling houses in other Korean towns and villages brutally destroyed by the United States interventionists? This statement by MacArthur is no By eqmdly unconvincing arguments, Mr. Acheson tries in his statement published yesterday to justify the brutal United States air bombings of peaceful towns and population centres and the deliberate extennination of the peaceful population of Korea. In doing so Mr. Acheson fails to mention that the barbarous United States air bombings of peaceful Korean towns and villages, resulting, as they do, in their destruction and the mass e} rmination of their peaceful civilian pcpulation, constitute a gross violation of universally recognized standards of international law. Article 25 of the Fourth Hague Convention respecting the laws and customs of war on land reads: "The attack or bombardment, by any means whatever, of towns, villages, habitations, or buildings which are not defended is forbidden." Article 1 of the Ninth Hague Convention of 1907 respecting the bombardment by naval forces in time of war reads: "The bombardment of naval forces of undefended ports, to\\"ns, villages, dwellings or buildings is forbidden. "A place cannul be bombarded solely because automatic submarine contact mines are anchored off the harbour." These prm'jsions of the fourth and ninth Hague Conventions are in full force today, and the armed forces of the rnited States are obliged to observe them. The ruling circles of the Uniter: States of America are ignoring and grossi)' violatillg the provisions of these conventions and disregardmg these universally recognized standards of international law intended to protect from brutal bombardment not only the peacefui populations of undefended towns, but the buildings within them as well. It mav be that the United States Government does not coniider itself bound by the provisions of these conwntions. But it has made no declaration to that effect; consequentl)', it is obliged to observe them. In the above-mentioned cablegram from the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the People's Democratie Republic of Korea [5/1674J it is stated that the Government of the People's Democratie Republic of Korea, while making no reference in the present instance to ~he gene:al question of the illegality <"lf United States Il1te,rventton in Korea, enters a categorical protest agamst these inhuman and barbarous methods by which the United States troops are conducting their war in Korea, and demands that urgent steps be taken by the Security Council to stop the monstrous crimes committed by United States armed forces in Korea. The question raised in the above-mentioned cablegrams from the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the People's ~emocratic Republic of Korea is an urgent matte: whlch brooks no delay and upon which the Secunty Council must adopt immediate measures. The brutal and inhuman mass bombings of Korean towns and villages, the rocket-shelling and strafing of the peaceful population in Korean towns, villages By 4 September the Security Council had received more than 20,000 such letters and telegrams. They have ail been referred to the Secretariat for inclusion in the appropriate list. Any one may see them and convince himself Jf the great wave of indignation which the bloody crimes of the United States aggressors in Korea have aroused the world over. These letters and telegrams support the proposaIs of the USSR delegation concerning the peaceful settlement of the Korean question and the immediate cessation of the barbarous bombing by the United States Air Force of peaceful cities and populated centres of Korea and the strafing of its peaceful population. The crimes of the United States aggressors in Korea must !Je stopped at once, and the Security Council must adopt the appropriate decision on this urgent question. To this end, the USSR delegation has submitted a draft resolution and insists that the Security Council should, withùut delay, take a decision to stop the barbarous bombing by the United States Air Force of the peaceful towns and villages of Korea" to put an end ta the barbarous slaughtering of the peaceful Korean population by the United States interventionists who seek to cloak their crimes with the naille and the flag of the United Nations.

It is now after 1 p.m. The next speaker on my list is the representative of the United States. The Counci! could hear hirn now but this would delay its adjournment for lunch. "We, and ail the free peoples of the United Nations, abhor war. It was only a short time aga that our allies suffered the blows of totalitarian aggression. "It is not we who have brought the horrors of war to Korea. The world knows, and 1 am confident that the people of Korea know, who is responsible for the calamities which have befallen their land. 1 am sure that few will be deceived by the fraudulent attempt to transfer guilt for the crime in Korea to the United Nations forces which are supporting the people of Korea against the aggressor." The United Nations air forces have in fact exerted particular care to confine their attacks in Korea to military objectives. If proof is needed, the evidence is supplied in a thi,d report of the United Nations Command in Korea, a document which has been circulated in the Security Council, the text of which is S/1756, dated 2 September 1950. 1 should like, with the permission of the President, to quote the following excerpt; General MacArthur had this to say: "Since the enemy is apparently forcing civilian labour to his use, problems of identification have be- Come difficult. At sea the enemy is using every availahle craft, but United Nations forces in close co-operation with the South Korean Navy are making every effort toward proper identification in order ta aIlow continuance of innocent fishing. On land, civilians are carrying supplies in push-carts and donkey carts which bum and explode when strafed. The enemy hides vast quantities of military equipment incivilian dwellings, resuIting in the necessity to fire and destroy such dwelIings when such information is firm. However, the probJem of av~iding the killing of innocent civilians and damages to the civilian economy is continually present and given my personal attention. The United il "l"nited Nations radio broadcasts and air-dropped leaflets are the onl)' major channcls of accurate information still open to the Korean people. An additional 2,230,000 leaflets and news sheets, making a grand total of 27,230,000, have been dropped by aircraft over North Korean and occupied territory, and regular broadcasts totalling two and a half hours continue daily. The highest priorit)' is being gïven to messages desig-lll'd to save human life. Civilians are wamed daily to move away from military targets that must be bombelI." 1 cali the Council's attention particularly to the rderence in the report from the United Nations Command concemingthe efforts being made to wam the civilian population and to minimize casualties as a rl'sult of such wamings. 1 think this is perhaps most g-raphically illustrated by brief excerpts both from a radio programme which is t)'pical, aQd from Cl kaflet, which again is typical, of the more than 27 million which have been distributed and which are continually distributed to civilian populations. This is a paragraph from a radio programme to North Korea. 1t is dated 23 J ul}' 1950, and is no. 18 in a series of radio broadcasls \0 the North Kon'an population. "Rl'ml'mber, we are asking you ph~ase to leave au)' an'as in North Korea where there are military targets, because the bombers will be back again and again. The l7nited Nations planes have no desire to hann individuals who arc not engaged in war work at military targets. Militar)' targets are: railroads and railroad facilities, docks and harbours, bridges, power plants, factories he1pingthe war, ships and boats, air fields and suppl)' warehouses. "1 f you work and live near any of these areas, get out now bdore it is too late. Refuse to endanger your lives. \Vhat is Idt of your air force cannot protect you no\\'. Save yourselves, so you can help build a new Korea after the CommunÎsts are defeated." 1 should like, if 1 may, to ask the Council to contrast this ~ype of waming and this type of solicitude and carl' for the civilian population with the practice of the Kon'an Red Anny in using civilians as a human scn'en for graund forces, a practice which has been obserwd and has been confirmed as a fact. 1 should like to quote from a waming leaflet which is typical of our efforts to prevent or at tl-te very Icast to minimize to the fullest extent possible, damage and injury to peacdul civilians and property. On the front of the leaflet, there is a picturc of a bomb burst, with a large slogan printed in contrasting blue and recl in ordcr to engage attention. The large caption, in thc Korean language reads as follows: "Air raid 1 should like to rder to another fact and to point another contrast. The use of hospitals, churches, schools and innocent-appearingdwelling structures for the concealment of war equipment and war stores is one of the lesser violations of the ordinary practices of war between civilized nations. It is a violation, unfortunatcly, which is committed by the North Korean authorities. But this crime shrinks into insignificance when compared with that mûst abhorrent of all war crimes, the shootingin cold blood of unarmed and bound prisoners without any reason other than that they arc prisoners. This most vile of crimes has bcen committed by the North Korean regime, and we have indisputable proof of such atrocious acts by the enemy now defying- United Nations forces. From an enemy which engages in such barbarie acts, the use of hospitals, schools and dwelling structures for the concealment of war equipment and war stores l'an be expected and anticipated. It is our belief that alleg-ed violations of the Geneva Conventions - and reference has been made by the representative of the Soviet Union to such violations - should be investigated by the International Red Cross. But the International Red Cross has not been allowed into areas under the control of the North Korean forces. The Red Cross has asked for admission so that it can carry out its aims, which are to protect victims of war. On 29 August there was received by the then President of the Security Council a communication which for some reason was never distributed as a Security Council document, but which was circulated to the members of the Council. It was a communication from the President of the International Red Cross, which stated as follows: "The International Committee of the Red Cross has taken cognizance of declarations addressed to the ?ecretary-General of the United Nations by the Min- Ister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Democratic Republic of Korea" - 1 should like to insert that that refe~s to the North Korean authorities - "regarding hospltal ships and t bing of medical units and establishments." Thal is the same charge made ,here today. The message then continues: "The International Committee is of the opinion that every alleged violation of Geneva Conventions, as weil as a~l c?mplaints formulated by any party as to the applIcation of these Conventions, should be given careful and urgent consideration. 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I, \.{:' r ... '1 \\.Ir '11\' 't'.ll..!itio11 ~;:'~Igh "l'd ~.\..' .... ~ ,:h.11::!I..·I ..... \\ he11 ~t;lttïll\:~lt:' 1'~ .,,'ill..'r::-. ,l, '.\ t. i;~_' ll\'l~ ~l'f(lrl' .1:- °tt·\ !~~\ !,t'J \. 'l,-,;~ ;\'11:,',i :1.\.',:.~:, !t} ~hu:"t' ... t;·,:1 .... ul>ï~l\.ii~ ... tll \lhl:l~' .... U:"i'...'l·:- .lnd t1l1r\.:l!al)ll~. f" 1 \. Il' ........ ': iI1TlPl lIllt!\'!" thU::-l 1,';ït'llitl::-taIll"'" ::h 'II ::-'{';:.'J ... ;fOtli!l ,1url· .... :-- "::~"'T :fh'l";~·;Otl ,,~",l ,l\. u"'l'~l :u 'Irut1u ......,· ·~;\\ ..:Utl[.lt\ .... Lltt'ltlL'Ilt~ "-\1en ail of this is said, one tra~c fac'! remains. ,,"'ar is he11". as a United ~tates ~eneral once said. The 1110ral is plain. Those who sow the wind will l'cap th(' whir1wind. Moral ~ilt rests he;lvlly upan the a~~resson;. and wc helie\'(' that the wrath of mankind will fall upon those who, with a word. ("ou1d haye pïevented a~~ression and C'ould bring it to a haIt today. They l'dusc Il) say that word, prefcrring ta ael in this Coum~il as spokesmen for the a~gressors. But wc helieve al50 that there will he a future of peaC'e and fr{"{"dom for the p{"ople of Korea, now sufi7{"ring the eons{"qt1enl~eS of the attacks committt:>d by the North 1'orean a~gressors. \Vt:> assume that the Pnit{"d Nations will. as a matter of course, interest itself in the r{"hahilitation of Korea once pe.ace has becn rcstor{"d to that countn·. Fiftv-thrce nations are today taking collective action to bring about a united and independ{"nt 1'or{"a. They will want to sec that Kon'a strong and productive, and will wish to prO\-ide aid to repair the ravag"{"s of war. Sir Benegal 1\. RAt' (lndia): l shaU explain very hricfly the "ie",s of my d{"legation on the draft resolutian bdore us. The preamble states among other things: "... that the hombing by the United States anned forces of Korean towns and villages, involving the destruction and mass annih: lation of the peaceful civilian population, is a gross 'iola-::;un of the universall)' accepted rules of international law". 1 must confess that reports of large-scale bombings in Korea have been prevalent in India for sorne time and have greatl)' disturbed Indian public opinion. Indeed. 1 mav mention that our Prime Minister himself feels ve;'v concerned. But while we should be justified in ta'i(ing all possible steps to be sure that the military operations authorized by this Securit)' Council are conducted in accordance with the laws of civilized warfare, we cannot assume without investigation that all the aUegations of bombing are true, particularly after the statement of the representative of the United States, to which we have just listened. The draft resolution makes this assumption. My delegation therefore will have ta vote against it. . The PRESIDEKT : l should like ta say just a few words In m)' capacity as the representative of the UNITED KIKGDOM. The Soviet ünion representative in his sp~ech made much play with the name of Hitler and sald Ton several occasions that the strategie bOI1.=:"'~T of Korean objectives. which the United Nations Air Force .has beeri compelled to unùertake, was a barbarous and hlt~erian technique. The Counci] may remember, as 1 pomted out on 22 August 1950 [489th meeting J, that <!eneralissimo Stalin dec1ared substantially in 1939 that It was not Hitler who had attacked France and The fact is that Hitler and his Nazis set the world ablaze in 1939 and that the North Korean Communist warlords took the same incendiary action in 1950. But it is the same old story. When Hitler let loose the dogs of war, he did not expect himself to be bitten by those dogs - in other words, he did not expect that the German people would :mffer by reason of his abominable act. Nor did the North Korean Communist warlords believe that the horrors of war would descend upon their unfortunate country as a result of their disgraceful decision. And yet both Hitler and the North Koreans were wrong. Modem war is a horrible business, and in my own country we have a pretty fair conception of how horrible it is. B~lt there is only one way to escape these horrors, and it is after aIl a very simple way. Governments in fact, however dictatorial, should not commit acts of aggression. If they do, a great many innocent people will suffer, as they are now suffering in Korea. But the responsibility for such suffering can lie only with the people who caused it, namely, the North Korean leaders. If they really want to stop it, they can do it tomorrow simply by complying with the various resolutions of the Security Council. The United States representative failed to reply to my question whether the Government of the United States considers itself bound by the provisions of these Conventions. Moreover, the implementation of the Hague Conventions in no way depends on whether a representative of the International Red Cross is present in any given open town which is being subjected to barbarous bombing. Under the Hague Conventions barbarous bombing is not admissible in any circumstances, and the United States Government is bound to fulfil and respect these Conventions. The United States representative did not, however, reply ta that question. The United States representative stated that his Government would make compensation for any damage done. This is the policy of the wealthy gangster who, after he has destroyed the house of a peaceful person, boasts of his wealth, and announces that he will pay for the damage and that the matter can be settled later. This is a policy of aggression and expan- Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated tram Russian): I referred in my statement to the Hague Conventions. These Conventions forbid any form of attack or bombing of open towns, villages or even private dwellings by any forces whatsoever, including air and naval forces. The Labour Government of the United Kingdom is setting fire to Malayan villages and perpetrating atrocities in its colonies. It is natural for birds of a feather to Bock together. The two imperialistic Powers are together waging an aggressive war in Korea and are perpetrating the same atrocities against the Korean people. The United Kingdom representative naturally supports the barbarous bombing of the Korean people by the United States and United Kingdom air forces. Let the aggressors and warmongers cease their intervention in the domestic affairs of the Korean people and give it an opportunity of organizing its life as it wishes and of determining its own fate without enforced interference from abroad. This would be a solution of the question, since the Korean people is perfectIy capable of deciding its own fate without any interference from the Anglo-American imperialists. The sooner the Anglo-American imperialists put an end to their aggression in Korea, the sooner the Korean question will be settled. délégation l'URSS. je ait l'affirmation Corée, national. lement Mr. SUNDE (Norway): The Norwegian delegation will vote against the USSR resolution. In explanation of our vote, 1 would like to say that 1 am not aware that the Soviet Union delegation has presented any semblance of proof in support of its contention that the air force of the United Nations has carried out bombing raids in Korea in violation of the accepted rules of international law. War 1S always cruel and a naturally destructive business, and it is a matter of particular regret to aIl men of good will that it should be accompanied by such harrowing suffering by the defenceless civilian population; but such is war. The responsibility always rests on the aggressors who are willing to let loose the evil forces of war-in this case, the North Koreans. tiques.

1 think 1 am in order, not having any further speakers on my list, to put to the vote the ~raft resolution submitted by the Soviet Union delegatIon, the text of which is contained in document S/1679. A vote was taken by show of hands, as follows: In favour: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

1 caU upon j}e representative of the Soviet Union on a point of order. Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated f~om Russian): The USSR delegation feels bound to state that it considers it illegal and unjust that the majority in the Security Council rejected the Soviet Union draft resolution calling for the immediate cessation of the barbarous bombing of peaceful Korean towns and popuk~ed areas, and condemning the savage destruction of the Korean population carried out in cold blood by the United States Air Force. The USSR delegation wishes to state that the responsibility for sucb a decision will rest with the delegations whicb voted against this Soviet Union draft resolution.

Perhaps 1 might he aUowed to add, in my capadty as representative of the UNITED KINGDOM, that the responsibility for the continuation of this war with all its horrors rests with those who caused it. 1 now call on the representative of the United States on a point of order. 4. Discussion of the order of agenda items Mr. GROSS (United States of America): 1 wish to state at the outset that it is not· the purpose of my point of order to berate my colleagues for using their judgment on a decision. My point of order deals with the question of the order of the agenda. It is my purpose to suggest for reasons which 1 shall state as briefly as possible that, instead of taking up now item 3, "Complaint of armed invasion of Taiwan (Formosa)", the Council take up instead item 4, "Complaint of bombing by air forces of the territory of China... " In connexion with that item and in support of my respectful request that the Council take that item up now as a matter of priority, 1 should like to read the draft resolution [S/1752] which bas been circulated by the United States Government in order to put the text before the Council. The title of this draft resolution is: "Complaint of bombing by air forces of the territory of China". It reads: "The Security Council "1. Decides to establish a Commission to investigate on the spot and report as soon as possible with regard to the allegations contained in documents S/1722 "3. Requests the Unified Command to provide to the Commission upon its request all facilities and information including access to all pertinent records; "4. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Commission with all assistance and facilities required by it." The purpose of this draft resolution is clear, as is the urgency of the question it presents. The allegations contained in documents S/I722 and S/1743, to which l have referred, are, as the members of the Council will be aware, contained in cablegrams addressed to the Secretary-General by the Peiping regime. Both allege bombing outside the frontiers of Korea, and specifically across the Yalu River, on the territory of China. These letters are both most unusually precise as regards the times and places at which the events complained of are said to have occurred. My delegation ha:> already told the Council that the instructions under whieh aireraft of the United Nations are operating in Korea strictly prohibit them from crossing the Korean frontier. My delegation, through its chief representative, Mr. Austin, stated in the Security Council at the [493rd] meeting of 31 August: "For their part, the United States military authorities would extend to the Commission full co-operation, induding access to pertinent records ... If it is found that an attack did in fact occur, my Government is prepared to make payment to the Secretary-General, for appropriate transmission to the injured parties, of such damages as the Commission shaH find to be fair and equitable. In such case, my Government will see to it that appropriate disciplinary action is taken. l am requesting the Secretary-General to transmit a copy of my statement to the Council this afternoon to Mr. Chou En-lai." ln view of these facts, it would seem to us sensible for the Council to forego debate at this point llntil it has received a report based upon investigations made on the spot. As we see it, no issues of law are presented. As has already been stated, my Government will be prepared to deposit with the Secretary-General suitable tndemnity in the event of a relévant finding of facts by the Commission Nhich is proposed in this àraft ~esoluti<in, and to take other appropriate action if the Impartial Commission whieh is suggested determines that the facts justify such action. . The draft resolution we have introduced is designed to achieve that end, and we have suggested that the Governments· 0 f India and Sweden appoint one representative each to make the investigation. Both of those Governments, as is known, maintain diplomatie representatives at Peiping.

1 think it would be better, if 1 may say so, if the representative of the United States at this point were to confine himself to adducing arguments to show why, in his opinion, item 4 should be take..11 up before item 3 - in other words, to show, 1 suppose, why it is more urgent and why we 0:';'/::I.1t to consider it now. Mr. GROSS (United States of America) : May 1 say, f0T what assistance it may give in clarifying the reason for my statement, that 1 had thought it would be relevant ta the question of the point of order to mention briefiy the pending draft resolutions. 1 shall, of course, bow to the characteristically ludd comment of the President and reserve the right to come to this question at what may be considered a more appropriate moment.

As 1 understand it, the representative of the United States has suggested that we should now consider item 4 instead of item 3, partly because, in his opinion, item 4 is more urgent, and partiy because he thinks it is capable of being solved by a more immediate and simple deeision than item 3. If that is so, 1 do not think that we need have a very long debate. Perhaps sorne representative will wish to speak on the proposaI that we should take item 4 before item 3. If there is no objection, however, we shaH proceed to take item 4 now. It is for the Council to decide. Mr. ~IALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Repuhlics) (translated from Russian): The Security Council's agenda contains two items which the Couneil must now proceed to consider: "Complaint of armed invasion of Taiwan (Formosa)" and "Complaint of bombing by air forces of the territory of China". As we know, both these items have been placed on the agenda of the Security Cauncil at the request of the Government of the People's Republic of China. Whenever international disputes have been considered by the Security Council, and whatever the circumstances and final decisions taken, the Couneil has always hitherto, in accordance with the established precedents, taken a decision in the first place on the question of inviting the party which addressed the complaint to it to attend its meeting, without prejudice to its subsequent decisions or even to the direction which the discussion of the complaint might take.

1 might say that the representative of the Soviet Union, like the representative of the United States, is entering to some extent upon the substance of the matter. We are not here considering the substance of either item 3 or item 4. We are not considering whether the representative of the Peiping Government should be invited in relation to either item 3 or item 4. That will come. The representative of the Soviet Union will be entirely in arder in raising that point as soon as we get to either item 3 or item 4; 1 would not deny for a moment that he can then immediately raise the quesdon. However, the only question we now have to decide is whether we should take item 4 hefore item 3, or i~em 3 before item 4, and it is that question on which 1 should like to have the opinion of the representative of the Soviet Union. Should we or should we not take item 4 first? The question is simply that. .Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Republics) (translated tram Russian): 1 wish to thank the President for his explanation, but 1 would point out that what 1 have in mind is the procedural side of the question, and that that is what 1 am talking about, for even the question of which of the two complaints should be considered first cannot be decided in the absence of the party which made the complaint. This is the procedural side of the question which 1 wish to emphasize and upon which 1 base my conclusions. 1 wish to state on behalf of the USSR delegation that even the question of which of these two complaints should be considered first - the bombing of Chinese territory or the armed invasion of Taiwan (Formosa) - must be discussed by the Security Council in the presence of a representative of the People's Republic of China. It would be difficult in his absence for the Security Couneil to decide which of these problems the People's Republic of China and its Government consider more important, since both these questions have been placed before us by that Governmènt. We cannot decide even this procedural question in the absence of, and without hearing, a representative of that Government. My proposaI, therefore, is that before discussing the order in which these two items of the agenda are to be considered, before deciding whether item 4 or item 3 should he considered first, and before going on to the substance of these questions, the Security Couneil shoulcl decide the question of inviting a representative o! the People's Republic of China to attend the Security ~ouncil during the consideration of both these questIOns. Only after settling this question, and only with the participation of the representative of the People's Republic of China, can the order of the consideration of these two items be discussed. 1 lhillk lh;ll illY ::.lalellll'\lt full)' meels the President's \\'ishe::. and u!lsen aliuns, alld lhat it falls stridl,}' within lhl' Iinlih ui a pWl'l'dmal questiun. .\Ir. l;lWSS l L'nill'.! Slatl's uf :\merica): 1 hesitate lu prull111g lhis di::'l'lIS:-.iull, hut 1 do think it might rdl'\'anl tu puint uut that it was easy tu anticipate what might have !llo'l'Il l'xpecll'd f'~um my wlleagm' hom 1111' SU\ id l'niun. It \Vas for that rcasun that, at llUbl't u i my l'l'marks, 1 thuught it relevant to make Ill'ici ,.;lall'1l11'11t as lu wl1\' it was nut nCCl'ssarv tu deal with the SU\ iet L'niun .mutiun, tu which tlie Soviet L'nillll rl'pn'sentative himself rderred just now in l'llint uf llnkr, befurc lleciding this l{uestion uf l'laù' \1i ill'm -t upun llur agcnda this aftertluun. lla\ ing saiJ that, 1 shuulJ Iike tu adJ that in facl' of what has been said !l)" the representative uf Su\,il'l l'Ilion with respect to item -t, it is precisely !>l'l'ansl' wc hclic\'c it l'an he dispuseJ Il f \'ery l{uickly withunt debate, and withunt a reprcsenlative frum l'eipillg n:gime being invileJ tu the table, that 1 suggesll'dit he laken up tirst, with the hupe that in illlLTest llf asl'ertailling the ÙK'ls, it l'uulJ he Jealt with at (lIKl', That. a fter ail, is the essence uf the whole l'fll"km, and 1 hanIly thuught that we wuulù he faceù with a l'Illitictl dehate whil'h l'uuld nut pussibly result ill all:- tindings uf fad at the table uf the Security l·llUIKil. 1t wuuld lie inlinite1y preferahle to ha\'e ian 'lilll!ing ,'unllllis,:;iun, l'umpused uf rl'presentatives IIi India and Sweden, tu pru,'eed at unce tu the sput l'LThap,, \\ ithill thl' Ill'xt twenty-ft1ur ur fllrty-eight hllurs tu l'undu"t ils ill\'estigatiun and make its l'II( l. Thal l"'lllllli,:;"iull l'oulJ L'lill ier with representa- 1i\'es (l i the 1\:iping regime ur any uthcr authuritics \11' 1;(I\'lTlll1lellls. It Sl'ellb tll ns a periedly simple l'rol',,,,itioll alld that was. inde",I, the \'cry hasts illr ,.;uggestiull that item .J. he laken as a matter uf high l'ril1rity. The l'Rl'Sllll'::-iT: [ may hl' n:ry stupid, hut 1 still In:l that the 'lue,.;tiun of the representation of l'eking l ;U\'erlllllelll i" Ilut reaIl\' rele\'alll to the Illl'diate l[llestiull hefure ns; that is to sa), whether 1letll .J. l"llI1l'S heiore itetll 3 or item 3 comes bdore Itell1.J., \iter aIl, 1 ha\'e alrl'adv told mv Sm'iet L'nion "'lill'aguc that hl' wuuld hl' l'eri~l'tly in :Inler in raisin~ i111:- point inlllll'diatdy Wl' get tll l'ither item 3 llr item 1 Wllll1d llllt dispute that. The trouhle is that if we III dehate this 'llll:stion, "Il tll speak. iJl,'lI(ltv, we may rea,'!J aIl .ti>surdity, hccall:'l' :,llll1C n'prl'selltativcs might - - 1 do not say they wuuld . he in iavom oi inviting till' l'l'king represl'ntati\'e tu l'Illl1e here dl1ring the disl'llSsilln lli item 3 and l1ut during the lliscussion Item .J., llr dming the discussion 'li item .J. and not during the diso!:,sion Iii itcm 3. That heing su, it Sl'ems to lI1e onIl' Jogical to del'ide at olKC whether. in vic\\' of what has been said, want i:rm .J. to hl' takell heiore item 3, ! laving :,aill that. i propuse to put to the vote of the Security l'ounl'il at llnce the iollowing' question: DOt's ":'('l'llrit\· l'lllllll,'il want itl'tll .J. tll I,'lltlle heillre item Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Soeialist Republics) ttranslated tram Russù.ltl) : 1 consider that the Security Couneil should be guided in its work by principles of sûl11e kind, and not by the whim of the United States representative. ln pressing for the adoption of the proposaI subrnitted by the United States representative, the only grounds the President has gi"en for its adoption has been that this is what the United States wishes. But this is not a reason. There is an accepted 111ethod of work, there is the Charter and there are the rules of pron~dt1re, so that when questions of this sort are considered, the party suhmitting the complaint is invited and its opinion heard; this is the first stage in the ronsideration of the question, as is the ronsideration of the procedure to be fol1owed in discussing the question. That has, at any rate, heen the practire so far. :\ny intention to break away from a11 this must he laid at the <loor of the Anglo-American bloc, which l'an serme the adoption of any decision by making use of its majority of votes in the Security Council, even where such decisions are flagrant violations of the Cnited Nations Charter, as has already occurred in the rase of the Korean question. The word "absurdity" has been used by the President. But to take a decision on the procedure for the discussion of these questions without deciding whether a representative of the Government which addressed a romplaint to the Couneil on these two questions is to he invited, would he the height of absurdity. The President has stated that some members of the Council might object to the presence of a representative of the People's Republic of China during the ronsideration of item 4. On what grounds? Who bas given members of the Security Council the right to abject to the invitation, or the hearing, of a representative of a Government which has addressed to the Security Council a complaint of aggression and a request for protection? \Vho has given them the right to bar from the Council table someone who has asked for the protection of the Security Council? This is something entirely new whieh has no precedent and is inadmissible. The Government of the People's Republic of China has suhmitted two questions to the Council. Before deciding" the question of procedure for the consideratilln oi these questions, and hefore considering their suhstance. the Couneil must invite a representative of the Prople's Republie of China so that he may be present at the meeting and have an opportunity of statil1R his point of view on both these items; there are no grounds whatsoever for denying this right to the Government of the People's Republic of China. . The Security Council now finds itself in a rirliculous situation. It is attempting to decide the question of the procedure for eonsidering these items without deciding Th;>~ would have been a fair and reasonable solution devoid of discrimination, but the Anglo-American bloc prevented the adoption of such a decision on 29 August. Ali sorts of manoeuvres and tricks are now taking place in order to pre\'ent a solution of this question again today, and the United States representative has lifted a corner of the veil; he has now openl)' stated what could previously only be an assumption, namely that he does not wish to admit a representative of the Pcople's Republic of China to the Council when item 4 is under discussion, as he considers it preferable, if you please, to set up a commission which can go to Peking and hear a representative of the Government of the l'cople's Republic of China in that city. This is, in fact, the manoeuvre to which the United States delegation is resorting to bar a representative of the Chinese People's Republic from the Security Council when item 4 is under discussion. Let a commission go to Peking, to An-tung, to the Korean-Manchurian frontier - anywhere you like, so long as a hearing is granted there, and not here, to representatives of the Chinese authorities, of the Chinese Government. The United States representative has lifted the veil as regards his intentions. He is opposed to the Security Council's inviting a representative of the Chinese People's Republic. The situation is becoming clear. But we cannot concur in this intention. \Ve cannot be guidçd solely by the wish of the United States delegation and Government. The Security Council is governed by the Charter, by the mIes of procedure, by established practice and precedents; these are the bases of the Council's work, not the wishes or will of the United States delegation and Government. Let those who are servilely complying with the wil: of the United States Govl'rnment and delegation follow that course. But the USSR delegation considers that, if the Security Council emharked on such a course, it would be acting arbitrarily. The USSR delegation accordingly considers that, before deciding the procedure for considering these items and before proceeding to discuss them in substance, it is essential to decide whether a representative Such an approach ta the matter would he fair and in fllll conforlllity \\'ith the L'nitecl ::'\ations Charter, the ruks of procedure and the precedents set by the Security Council in its work, and it would be free from discrimination. We would not be speeding up our work Ily following the United States representative's proposaI, as the USSH. draft resolution was suùmitted before the Cnited States draft resolution and, under our rules of procedure, should therefore he discussed first. Mr. l'SlANG (China): 1 would like to suhmit that the question of an invitation to be issued ta somebody to come to the Councïl table has no rig-ht of priority at ail. There is no reason why the Council should dehate that question before the settlement of the order of the topics to be taken up. That is a simple point \\'hich 1 should like to submit for the Council's consideration. The representative of the Soviet Union, on che pretext of a point of order, has delivered a long speech on the suhstance of a question. 1 would like to reply to that speech. However, if the President wishes ta settle the arder of the dehate first, 1 shaH defer my statement until he has settled the preliminary question.

As so often happens, when we dehate matters with the representative of the Soviet l'nion, a question which one might have thought was purely a question of arder or priority leads ta an impassioned dellate on something which l, at least, would l'Onsidcr ta be the substance of the matter. That has happened now. lt may not he time entirely lost, because the I11clllhers of the Council kno\\' a great deal more ahout the attitude and intentions of the representative of the Soviet Union and something about the attitude and intentions of the representative of the United States. Ail this would have come out, of course, as it should have done, in taking up this prolliem at the heginning of either point 4 or point 3. However, the Sm'ict l'nion representative has thought fit ta have this dehate now. 1 entirely agrce with what has just I>een saie! ily the representative of China. The question of the im"itation to he extendecl ta the Government of the People's Repuhlic of China has nothing whatever to do with the question of whether the Council takes up point 4 instead of point 3, or point 3 instead of point 4, In arder to try to put an end to this protracted dehate, l now rule that a decision on the question of the representation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China should not be taken before the Security Council decides whether item 3 or item 4 should have precedence.

Those members of the Council who wish to support tpe challenge to the President's ruling made by the Soviet Union representative will please raise their bands. In fo:vour of over-ruling the President's ruling: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Yugoslavia. No further vote was takell. The result of the vote was 2 ·in favour. The challellge to the President's ruling was rejected.

Since the ruling stands, 1 would tberefore ask the members at once to decide, in the light of what has already been said at such length, whether they wish item 4 to have precedence over item 3. That is the proposaI on which we shall now vote. A 'llote was taken by show of !lands, as follows: In jœl/oltr: China, Cuba, Ecuador, France, Norway, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Yugoslavia. Against: Unio!! of Soviet Socialist Republics. Abstaining: Egypt, India. The proposaI was adopted by 8 votes to one, with 2 abstentions. Sir Benegal N. RAU (India): 1 should like to explain my abstention on the vote that has just been taken. Since the Indian delegation may be said ta have a slight personal interest in one of the draft resolutions submitted under item 4, 1 abstained from voting on the question of whether or not item 4 should have preference over item 3. 5. Complaint of bomhing by air forces of territory of China Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian) : In the President's remarks regarding the order of discussion he said that the question of the "invitation" would be dealt with after we had taken up consideration of the substance of the question. However, as 1 see the procedural picture, we would now seem already to have passed to the substance of item 4. The lJSSR delegation therefore suggests that the Security Council should decide the matter of the invitation to the representative of the People's Republic of China and of hearing him at the Security Council meeting at which item 4 of the agenda is discussed, before proceeding to the consideration of the substance of the question. The USSR delegation submitted to the Security Council [495th meeting] its draft resolutian S/1759, which reads: 1 après de le a premier le Conseil document daté du de du représentant daté donc peut sans adressé question estime de le serait intérieur question rend sur le l'invitation populaire l'ordre Since, however, the substance of an international dispute cannat be considered without the participation of the country and government submitting the complaint of aggression to the Security Council, the USSR delegation considers that it would not be contrary to the rules of procedure for the Security Council to examine this draft resolution out of its proper order, that is. Brst. On the contrary, it would be in accordance with the Charter, the rules of procedure and established precedents to decide the question of inviting a country invoh'ed in a dispute before the Council begins to diseus;; the substance of the question. The USSR delegation therefore suggests that the Security Council should first come to a decision on the matter of the invitation to a representative of the People's Republic of China, and should then go on tll consider the substance of item 4 of the agenda.

As 1 understand it, the position is this: \Ve have three draft resolutions before us. One is document S/~745/Rev.1, of 31 August; that is the original draft resolution submitted by the Soviet Union, with a long title on this same subject. Then we have document S/1752, of 1 Septemher; that is a draft resolution submitted by the United States entitled "Complaint of bombing by air forces of the territory of China". Finally, we have document S/1759, of 5 September; that is a draft resolution submitted by the Soviet Union on the same subject and dealing with the question of the representation of the Chinese People's Reptthlic. semble donc projets S/1745/Rev.l, résolution comporte Vient Etats-Unis aérien document document de soviétique populaire de Chine. que lutions En que dans devrait d'avoir de appartient point Rule 32 of the rules of procedure reads: "Principal !U0tions and draft resolutions shaH have precedence l~ the order of their submission." A strict interpretahon of that rule would suggest that we should take these,draft resolutions in the order in which they were ?ubml~ted~ and that therefore we shbuld proceed to an In\'estIgatlOn of the substance of the matter before discussing whether we should or should not invite a representative of the Chinese People's Republic. It seems to me that it is for the Council to decide on that point as a previous question. Do the members of Mr. TSIANG (China): l wished to address myself to the question of substance, but if the President is now dealing with a question of procedure, l will defer my remarks to a later time.

Sometimes the one touches upon the other, but l should like, if l can, ta keep this particular debate to the question of procedure, with a view to reaching a decision whether or not we should take the last Soviet Union draft resolution first. Mr. GROSS (United States of America): In view of the allusion which the President made to the possible viewpoint of my delegation, l think it may avert what may prove to be a rather extensive intervention by one or more of our colleagues if l should indicate precisely what is the position of my Government on this procedural question. That position is simply this: that we would have no objection whatever, for our part, ta having this question taken up out of order, if that is the wish of the CounciI. J11 Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): It would be a highly unusual procedure for us first to discuss the substance of the question, first to adopt or reject the two preceding substantive draft resolutions, and then to proceed to conside,- the third draft resolution inviting a representative of the People's Republic of China to the Security Council, at a stage when the questions of substance had already been discussed. l think it would be preferable to adhere to the customary procedure in such cases by first considering and reaching a decision on the question of an invitation, and then proceeding ta consider the substance of the question. It would not be right to begin the discussion of the substantive draft resolutians in the absence of a representative of the Chinese People's Republic, particularly as the concrete question before us - the question of the invitation - is a previous procedural matter.

In my humble oplOlOn, there is much force in what my Soviet Union colleague has said. l have no more speakers on my list. Would my colleagues now wish to demonstrate by the vote whether they wish to consider first document S/1759, that is to say, the Soviet Union draft resolution on the question of inviting the representative of the People's Republic of China? If so, l would ask all those who are in favour of so doing to raise their hand. n'approuve de résolution. Mr. TSIANG (China) : 1 object to the changing of the order of these draft resolutions. pense

In that case, 1 rather think we must have a vote. tiques) précision. projets simple sentant Conseil plainte elle-même. cette méthode de travail, la Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (tra1l-slated from Russian): 1 should like to explain. The question we are discussing is not the question of the order in which the draft resolutions are to be considered, but as common sense demands, the question of inviting a representative of a Government which bas come to the Security Council with a complaint, and only after that of considering the complaint itself. In my opinion common sense dictated this approach ta the matter, regardless of when the proposaI on the invitation was submitted.

\Vhether it is a question of common sense or not, we must now take a vote on the question of whcther or not we shall first deal with the Soviet Union draft resolution, document S/1759, on the representation of the People's Republic of China. non maintenant lieu l'Uni"n sentation des de est adoptée. A vote was taken by show of hafUis, as follows: 111- favour: Egypt, France, India, Norway, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yugoslavia. Against: China, Cuba, Ecuador. •·lbstaillÎllg: United States of America. The proposal <l'as adopted by 7 votes to 3, with one abstention.

We shall initiate a debate on draft resolution S/1759, but 1 am not sure whether we should do so just now, unless the representative of China wants to say something very urgent. rons je maintenant, désire Mr. TSIANG (China): If the President bas the intention of adjourning this meeting, 1 shaH reserve my remarks for tomorrow. Président mes

It is for the Couneil to say whether or not we should adjourn. qu'il la séance. Mr. QUEVEDO (Ecuador): 1 wished to explain my vote. but 1 can do that tomorrow. voudrais explication à

It may not he tomorrow; that is a matter for discussion. Would the representative of Ecuador like to explain his vote now? 1 think it would he preferahle to have explanations of votes now. ne tranchée. pliquer part, explications de est . Mr. QUEVEDO (Ecuador) (translated trom Span- Ish): It is clear that the countries which recognize Furthermore, we have before us another draft resolution on the appointment of a commission to investigate the circumstances of the damages purported to have been caused by air bombings, and we think that it would be appropriate to appoint this commission to carry out an investigation 011 the spot and to report to us. After we have studi.ed this report we shaH know whether it is necessary and right - without prejudging the question of the representation of China - to invite the representatives of the authorities of Peiping to state their view in the Council. We should not, however, extend this invitation sooner, as it might be premature. In any case, before stating its position on the draft resolution presented by the Soviet Union, my delegation would have to ask its Government for further instructions. At any rate, we believe that the question of inviting the representatives of the Peiping Government should be discussed after receipt of the report of the commission, should such a commission be established. That is why 1 have voted against taking up first the consideration of the draft resolution mentioned by the President.

If it would be the general desire of the Council to adjourn now, 1 would be quite prepared to do so, but we should then have to decide when we shall meet again. For some time the Secretariat has been urging the President to summon a private meeting of the Security Council to discuss the vexed question of the Council's report to the General Assembly. The Secretariat has informed the President that unless we have it, as they thought we could have it, tomorrow morning, they doubt whether our report would ever be prepared. 1 would therefore hope that my coHeagues would agree to devote tomorrow morning to this purpose. 1f so, that would mean that we should have to continue this debate on the afternoon of Friday, 8 September, or, alternatively, on Monday, Il September. 1 do not know ",hat the members of the Couneil wish in this respect. 1f it is their strong desire to have a meeting tomorrow afternoon, of course we could do so. On the other hand, sorne members may wish to consuIt their Governments on the point we have just been discussing and may prefer to have the meeting on Monday, 11 September. Mr. CHAUVEL (France) (translated fram French) : 1 suggest Monday, Il September, for precisely the reason the President has stated. The meeting rose at 6.5 p.m. ANNEX Letter dated 7 August 1950 from the President of the Security Couneil, addressed to the Secretary- General, transmitting a communication from the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the People's Democratie RepubIic of Korea [7 August 1950) [Original text: Russian) l am sending you herewith a telegram rcceived by me as President of the Security Council from Mr. Pak Hen En, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Korean People's Democratic Republic. The telegram contains a protest by the Government of the Korean People's Democratic Republic against the savage bombing by the United States Air Force of the peaceful population in ~(orea and a request to the Security Council to take urgent steps to put an end to these monstrous crimes which are being committed by the United States armed forces in Korea. 1 would request you, Mr. Secretary-General, to take urgent steps to have this telegram distributed to the members of the Security Council and to have it issued as a Security Council document. (Signed) J. MALIK Communication from the Minister for Foreign Affairs of tlle People's Democratie Republic of Korea to the President of the Security Council Pyongyang, Korea 5 August 1950 attaques canons américû et municipa, The Government of the Korean People's Democratic Republic has at its disposaI numerous facts demonstrating that the United States inte ventionists, having encountered decisive resistance from the People's Army and the whole Korean people, are resorting to inhuman and barbarous methods of waging war in Korea, thinking by cruelty to break the will of our people to resist the foreign invaders. In their efforts to enslave the Korean people, they are ruthlessly violating the rules of international law and the standards of human morality. The United States Air Force is engaging in barbarous attacks on unùefended Korean towns and industrial centres where there never were and are not now any military objectives, destroying houses and leaving people without a roof over their heads, ùestroying schools, hospitals and other cultural institutions; it is slaughtering peaceful inhabitants, old people, women and children and destroying their property. For example, when the United States Air Force bombed Pyongyang between 29 June and 2 August, United States planes dropped a large number of bombs on the residential sections of the town, repeatedly bombarded the town with cannons and machine-guns. In particular, United States aircraft machine-gunned and bombed the peaceful inhabitants of Pyongyang during the attacks of 30 June, 3, 4, 5, 20 and 23 ]uly, and 2 August. On 4 J uly, United States aircraft, having suddenly appeared over Pyongyang, machine-gunned a crowd of people near the building of the People's Municipal Committee when they were dashing to the shelters. The In )uly, Ùle United States Air Force dropped hundreds of tons of bombs and repeatedly mao::hine-gunned Ùle town. For instance, after Ùle mass raid on Wonsan on 13 July, the rice warehouse caught fire. After the raid, Ùle inhabitants of the town gathered at Ùle burning warehouse and dragged the rice away in an attempt to save it from Ùle fire. Two United States fighters Ùlen appeared over the town, mac!lipe-g1'~"ed Ùle crowd, and then returned again several times and contl>.~..::d to mach;ne-gun the fieeing inhabitants. As a result of the air raids, a large part of the to\\'n of Wonsan was completely destroyed, including several schools, !Ïve hospitals, and several cultural institutions and cinemas. More than 4,000 persons were killed or injured. During repeated air raids on Ùle town of Chinnampo, United States planes dropped a large number of bombs on residential districts and fired on them with cannons and machine-guns. Sorne 400 persons were killed or wounded as a result of these raids on Chinnampo; more than 500 dwelling houses, and public and cultural buildings were destroyed. The town of Hungnam was subjected to barbarous bombing. As a result of United States Air Force mass raids on Hungnam on 30 July, 2 and 3 August, the town was completely destroyed. The United States Air Force is systematically bombing and machine-gunning Ùle town of Seoul, causing great damage to the residential areas. The number of casualties among the population of Seoul is about 7,000. A large number of small towns and villages of South and North Korea, containing no military targets or industrial under- :...l.kings of any kind, have frequently Leen subjected to brutal bombing by United States aircraft, and many of them have been entirely or . lmost futirely destroyed. For example, the following have been destroyed: the county capital \Vonju in Kangwon-do; the village of Denpo, Kyonggi-do; the town of Hongchon, Kangwon-do; the to\\'n of Pyongtaek; and the village of Yangak, Pyongan-namdo. There are numerous instances of United States aeroplanes firing on peasants working in the fields, and un passenger trains and steamers. For example, on 3 )uly, four United States airerait shot at peasants working in the field in the county of Pongsan, H wanghae-do; as a result of the Iiring 15 persons were killed and 8 wounded. On 4 )uly, six United Statt.s aircrait four times machine-gunned peasants of Munreri village, Pyongan-namdo, who were engaged in weeding the fields; a~ a result, 15 peasants were killed, one of them Kim, a peasant woman, wiili her infant to whom he was giving ilie breast among the rice paddies. On 3 July, at Sope station, a United States plane shot at a mail train travelling between Pyongyang and Naj in; the conductor and several passengers were seriousl} wounded. On 4 ]uly, United States aircraft several times 5hot at passenger steamers travelling from Chinnampe to H wanghae, as a result of which 33 passengers were killed or injured. On S July, Unitcd States planes machinel1Urmed women who were washing clothes in the water of the :.-.:mgchon-gang, near Hamhung, and children who were bathing in the river; as a result of the firing 12 persons were killed and 14 injured Having set itself ilie task of destroying Korean industry and of creating a disastrous situation for the Korean people, the Unitf'd States Air Force is carrying out systematic attacks on industrial centres, destroying concerns which have no connexion whatsoever with war industry. During an attack on Pyongyang, for example, a starch factory, two soya bean mills, a garment factory, a hosiery factory, a robber footwear factory J AlI these crimes represent police action carried out in the name of the linited Nations. The communiqués issued by MacArÙlUr's headquarters daily report the dropping of hundreds of tons of bombs on Korean towns and villages, and represent all this with caruribalistic cynicism as a great boon for Ùle Korean people. Like honest people all over the world, the Korean people is incensed at the barbaric acts of the United States interventionists in Korea. ln bringing the above facts to the knowledge of ùle Security Cauncil, the Government of the Korean People's Democratic Republic, while making no reference in the present instance to the general question of the illegality of United States intervention in Korea, in regard to which t.'le Government of the People's Democratic Republic has already indicated its position in a statement sent by it to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 28 June 1950 [S/152i], enters a categorical protest and demands that urgent steps be taken to stop the above-mentioned monstrous crimes which are being committed by United States armed forces in Korea. The Govemment of the Korean People's Democratic Republic considers that, in the event of the Security Council refusing to take steps to stop the criminai acts of United States interventionists in Korea, the responsibility for these criminai deeds will faH not on!y on the United States interventionists but also on the States members of the Security Couneil which have not prevented those steps being taken. (Signed) PAK HEN EN Minister for Foreign Affairs of the People's Democratie Republic of Korea Cablegram dated 22 August 1950 from the Minister of Foreigu AJfairs of the People's Democratie Republic of Korea, addresred to the President of the Security Council and to the Secretary-General, transmitting report no. 1 of the "Commission of the United DemocR'a.tic Fatherland Front for the Investigation of Crimes of the United States Interventionists and the Syngman Rhee Clique" SII719/Rev. 11 [Origillal text: Russiall] Pyongyang, Z2 August 1950 l have the honour to submit ta you report no. 1 of the Commission of the United Democratic Fatherland Front for the Investigation of Crimes of the United States lnerventionists and the Syngman Rhee Clique and request you to attach it ta the documents relating ta the atrocities perpetrated by the United States interventionists in Korea. PAK HEN EN Millister for Foreig,~ Affairs of the Peoplc's Democratie Repliblic of Korea l The present document supersedes document S/I719 and S/ 1719/Corr.1. Geographical names and terms for which the necessary information was avai!able have been adapted ta conform with the accepted English usage. ml,tlul<l~ llf wa~in~ war and arc cllnunitting gross violations IIi the st.uulanl~ of intl'rnatiunal law and the principles of humauitv The Ullitl'll Statl's Air ForCl' ami Navy arc brutaily hllmhini dl'Îl'ncdcss tllwns and villages, killing large nlllnbers lli pl'act'iul inhahitants, indlllling old men, women and children, dcstrllyin~ Sdlllllls, hospitals and lIther cultural institutions, and lkmolishiu~ ial'torÏl's aud plants in thl'Ïr attempt to ruin the l'Cllnllmv of Kon'a. 1n confirmation of this, the Commission ~t\'l'S h~'III\\' SOUlt' lIf the iads whil-h ha\'l~ hel'n veriticd hy il. l'nitl'd Statl's hllmlll'rs and fi~htcrs an' homhin~ ddencdcss t\lwns indiscriminatl'ly, arc droppin~ dcmolitilln amI incendiary hllmhs at random uplln resilll'ntial scctillns of tuwus alul pl'an'- fui \illa~cs whidt an' \lf nll military importann', and arc destroyin~ lIr hurnin~ a larl:e uumher of dwelliug-houses and prllperty of the population, Belween .? and 27 July, Unitl'd States bombers and fighters made twclvc raids un the tllwn uf \\'onsan. A total of l.?H p1;lIll'~ bomhl'll tl1l' tllWU indiscriminatcly, droppiug 712 bombs \li fr\lm 50 ki111l:r'lIlmll'S hl llne hll; on \\\lnsan's residential ~l'l'ti'lIb. :\s a re~ult, 4,02H dwelling-housl's werl' destrllyed Ill' l'l'ndernl uninhahitahk. In the Ill'rilxl bdwl'l'n 2 !uly ami 3 :\Ul:ust, ahollt 200 l'nikd States hllmlll'rs amI tightl'rs raidt'CI tlu' Hungnam an'a l'igl1t tinll's and droppl'1.l ahllut 2,ŒlO homhs at random. :\s a result l.HII dwelling·honsl's of the 1ll':Il'cfu1 population Wl're l'llmpktl'Iy destroyed or hllrnt down. Ou 3 July dOLt'ns of llnited States hllmhers amI lighters raidiug the dty of l·hinnampo humbl'1.l its resideutial sectious indiscriminate!y. Un Il Jllly, laking advantage of raiuy weather, they bomht'tl hliltll, dropping lIver 200 humhs on c1even of the city's fourteeu l'l'sideutial scclions. :\s a reslllt 55H dwelling-hollses were dcstw\·ed or hllrut dllwn. Thc tire lastl'd for a week. On 3 Jlllv, L'uited States hOlllhers raidiug the city of PYllngyang indi~­ criminately hOlllhcd the residential sedillns of PYlIngchenlithl' s"uthern area of the city - and dt'straye<! 45 dwellinghouses. On 4 July United States planes raiding the town of Pyongyang dmpped homhs on the residential sections of Sahwanni, in the wt'stl'rn part of Pyongyan~, and damaged nearly all "f the -tOO dWl'lIing·houses in this area, c1estroyin~ them either wholly or partially. (ln 4 July United Statl's hllmhers rai<led the tllwn of Renchen, Renchen County, Kangwon-do, and homhed it indiscriminately, ,!I:stroying 23 dwelling-hullses. On 5 July 12 United States B-29 homhl'rs raidcd thl' town of Ilamlltlng and oomhed it inc!iscriminatelv from a height uf 2,<XX> metres, as a result of which Ill.J dwl'1iing.houses were destruyed. On 5 July 3 llnited Statl's bomhers raidt'<! the villa~e of Yangakni near the town ni PYllngyang ami druppl'd uver 70 homhs nf frnm 100 to 500 kilogrammes, As a result, ahout 100 of th~ 145 dwelling-houses in the village were wholly or partially destroyed. On 5 .Iuly 13 Unitl'd States bombt'rs raiding the town of Hamhung dropped 50 '''.mhs un the railwaYlIlen's dwelling-houses. On 8 July two B·_'9 homhers raiding the village of Jenphori, Somen district, Kaepuug County, Kyonggi-do, dropped over 10 heavy bombs 011 this slllall village Cllnsisling mainly of thatched houses, and completely destro)"Cd IR of them and rendered 22 uninhabitable. (ln 15, lb and II) .luly, six United States bombers raided thl' tnwn of Pyongtaek in Kyonggi-do. As a result of these hOlllhings, 3lX1 dwelling-honses of the peaceful population were drstro"ed and IlO houses in the town reduccd to mins. On 16 luI" til<' United States Air Force bombed residential sections ;.i 'Sroul for an hour, as a n'suIt of which 1,520 dwellinghmlsl's in the Yengsan an'a were com)lletcly destroyed or burnt down. Sinl'C~ 27 .Inne "illaj:(es in Yangju County, K)'onggi-do, lm\"!' Iwen suhjl'cted to daily hOl11bing by the United States Air Forl'l" as a resuIt of which 21)3 )Ieasant houses had been burnt clown h)' 19 J uly. In separate districts of the said county, the follt1wing numhers of farmsteads were burnt down: 108 in Kikni District, 19 in .liuni District; 40 in Panhen District and .j(XJ in .lekson District. Un IH, 20, 21, 21l and 2') Jul)', and on 5 :\ugust, 13 United Statrs warshi)ls sl;cIlcd the Yangyang area of ~angwon-do, tiring a total of 504 shells. As a result of this bombardment, Sl'\'rn farmhouses were com)lletcly destroyed and numerous l'rops damaged. On l') July United States aircraft dropped two hlllllhs on thl' village of Hynson, Hamju County, Hamgyongnallldo; as a result four farmhouses were destroyed. On 20 J uly II l'nited States bombers fiew over Pyongyang and dropped iO hOl11hs, destroying III homes of the peaccful population. On 20 July the United States Air Force raidcd Pyongyang and drop\led II humbs on the adjoining villages of Sogu, Chonam <lml Mi~an, complctcly destroying 11 farmhouses and damaging ,10 houses and numerous crops. On 20 July 0 United States h'llllhus droppcd % 500 kilogramme bomhs on the village of Engllklli, Heun District, Yonggang County, Pyongan-namdo, dr~tr\)ying 20 farmhouses. On 21 July, 10 United States bombl'rs raided Pyongyaug and dropped 2R bombs of from 500 to 1,lXX) kilogrammes which destroyed 181 dwelling-houses. On 21 July six Unitt.'d States hombers and tighters raided the l'OUnty centre of Changdan in Kyonggi-do and neighbouring l'il\ages, drupping 50 500-kilogramme bombs. Thev indiscrimi- .'c1y hOl11hed peaceful villages and towns, as a re;ult of which .farm housl's were destroyed or burnt down. On ;?," luly Ulllted St<ltl'S homhers raided Pyongyang, droppillg iO b"._:bs lin thil'kly-pu)lulated sections and destroying more than 100 dwdlinj:(-housl's. On the same day the)' again raided the village of Yangak in the southern part of Pyongyang which had already hl'eu practically destroyed in prl'vious raids. They dropped 27 ?ollths of from 500 to 1,000 kilogrammes on this village, which 15 now reduced to ashes. On 22 July, 20 United States bombers raided the town of Nanam, Hamgyong-pukto, and dropped 304 ) B<1/11bill!1 <1f cul/ural ami 01/1,,1' cs/ablisl"'lell/s. The l'nited States Air Force, as a result of indiscriminate or aimed bombing. is barbarously destroying or buming down schools. hospitals. th,·atres. clubs and other cultural establishm,nt; and tllln-military objectives. On 3 July. United States bombers in a raid on the town of PYllIlgyang. bombed and tire<! rocket shells on the hospital of the l\:okan works, cumpletely destroying this hospital. On 3 .1Illy L'nited States b'lmbers in a raid on Pyongyang bombed the hospital oi the ~Iinistry oi Communications, dcstroying a part ai it, killing 10 of its 47 patients, seriously wounding 34 and slightly wounding the other three. On 4 July 4 United States aircrait raided the village oi Renchen, Yonchon County, l\:yonggi-do, and machine-gunned a primary scl1ool, a lower secondary school for boys and a secondary school for boys, and a silk technical institute. and set fire to these educational establishments bl' dropping incendiary bombs. On 6 July four United States bombers in a raid on Chinnampo bombed the Chinnampo hospital, destroying ail of its equipment and killing about 20 patients, United States bombers and fighters raided Chinnampo on 8 July and bombed the wurkers' quarters of the Chinnampo metallurgical factory, completely destroying a cinema and a cultural centre. United States bombers and fighters in a raid on Wonsan indiscriminately bumbe<:\ and machine-gunned areas of Wonsan and destroyed many government buildings, buildings of public organizations and cultural establishments. Thus on 7 July the following were panlr destwyed: the buildings of the Provincial Committees (A the Cnion oi Democratie Youth and of the Democratie \\'umen's Union. 13 primary schools, the provincial school for ralsing the qualifications of teachers, and the Red Cross hospital. On 13 Ju1y the following buildings were destroyed: the building uf the Provincial Committee of the Labour Party, the pust office, the railway post office, the teachers' training institute, the technical institute of electricity, the secondary school f(Jr girls, a primary school, the central hospital, the railway workers hüspital and isolation ward, the rest-room of the social il15urance building, the summer theatre, and the railway work- United States bombers in a raid on the town of Wonsan, on 13 July, dropped four bombs in the area of the Protestant church. As a result the minister's quarters, ail the dwelIinghouses in the section and part of the church building were destroyed. On 15, 16 and 19 July, United States bombers subjected the town of Pyongtaek, Kyonggi-do, to indiscriminate b(lmhing. As a reslllt, a. primary school and four hospitals were destroyed. As a result of bombing by United States bombers during an attack on the town of Seoul on 16 July, . 14 hospitals, two educational institutions, a Catholic church and a ehildrcl1's home were destroyed in the Yensan area alonc. As a result of il1discriminate bombing by United States bombers during an attack on the town of Pyongtaek on 16 July, a primary school building was destroyed. On 23 July United States bombers attacked the town of Pyugyang and dropped five bombs on the building of the industrial institute, partially destroying il. In particular the auditorium, the laboratories and the Iiving-quarters of the teachers at the institute were completely destroyed. In addition, on the same day, five bombs were dropped on people's hospital no. 1; as a result, the hospital building and equipment were destroyed. Churches in the Enthvari, Pakkuri and Lyusenri sections of the town also sustained damage, and as a result of the attack more than 10 worshippers were killed. As a result of indiscriminate bombing and strafing by United States bombers and fighters in attacks on the town of Hungnam during the period from 2 July to 3 August, the technical school for chemistry, primary schools nos. 3 and 4, the Keban theatre, the library, the premises of the Association of Cultural and Artistic Workers, the VOKS building, the polyc1inic, the tuberculosis dispensary, a laboratory for epidemic diseases and many other cultural institutions were destroyed. In addition, the buildings of the following organizations were also destroyed: the Municipal People's Committee, the Municipal Committee of the Labour Party, the Committee of the United Democratic Fatherland Front, the Municipal Committee of the Union of Democratie Youth, the Committee of the Union of Democratie \Vomen, the Union of Protestants, and other State, Party and public organizations. 3. Destruction of the peaceflll population. The United States Air Force, oombing and shooting from rocket-guns and machine-guns at residential districts, 'l1ltural establishments and other institutions of a peaceful natui ~ and of no military significance whatsoever, is c1aiming numt:ous victims among the peaceful population, inc1uding women al.d children. A shocking circumstance is the fact that United States airmen are machine-gunning even people fteeing from the bombing, women washing clothes at the streams, and peasants working in the fields. On 29 June and 3 July, 27 and 60 United States bombers respectively savagely bombed Pyongyang and subjected it to rocket-gun and machine-gun fire. As a result 48 members of ~he peaceful population were killed together with 14 workers III the building shops of the Pyongyang station who were at that time conducting a political discussion. On 2 July, Il United States bombers attacked Repko, Hamgyong-namdo, dropping 52 bombs. As a result 37 members of the. peaceful population were killed or wounded. During the (leTiod from 2 to 27 July, United States bombers and fighters made twelve attacks on Wonsan, subjecting the town to savage 37 On 3, 4, 6 and 8 July, sorne dozens of United States bombers and fighters bombed and maehine-gunned residential sections of the town of Nanam. As a result more than 400 peaeeful inhabitants were killed or wounded. On 4 July 36 United States aireraft made an attaek on the town of Pyongyang and maehine-gunned the peaeeful inhabitants on the streets at that time. As a result about 30 person were killed. On the afternoon of the same day, U,nited States aireraft that had been circ1ing over Pyongyang bombed shops in the Moranbon area, killing more than 10 persons. On the same day United States aireraft attaeking Pyongyang bombed and maehinegunned residential sections of Sopyongyang. As a result of this attaek, 15 members of the peaceful population, including five women and six ehildren, were killed and 15 persons were wounded. On 4 July six United States airerait, in an attaek on Chinnampo, shot at peasants of the village of Muneri who were working in the fields at that time. As a result of this shooting, 15 persons were killed or wounded, inc1uding Kim, a peasant woman who at that time was sitting on a baie in a rice field and feeding a ehild at her breast. In addition, on the same day, the Amerieans fired five times at a passenger ship proceeding from Chini1ampo to Hwanghae. As a result 33 of the passengers were killed or wounded. On 4 July, four United States bombers attaeking Sosek district, Bekson County, Hwanghae-do, dropped eight bombs on peasants engaged in weeding, and killed or woumled nine of them. On the same day, 15 peaceful inhabitants of the town of Renchen, Renehen County, Kankwondo, were killed or wounded as a result of bombing attaeks by United States aireraft. On 5 July United States aircraft making an attack on Pyongyang bombed the village of Yangakni. As a result 28 persons were killed or wounded. It should be particulady pointed out that United States aircraft, having observed Kim Sam Ir, a 26 year old peasant, and Han Bok Sik, a primary school pupil, aged 12, both of them engaged in picking tomatoes in the fields, dropped a bomb and killed them. On 5 July 12 United States bombers and fighters earried out a blind bombing attack on the town of Hamhung, dropping 156 bombs. As a result 116 persons were killed and 68 seriously wounde<:1. On the same day, women washing c10thes and ehildren bathing in the river Songehon-gang were maehine-gunned. As a result, 12 persons were killed and 13 seriously wounded. On 5 July, On 5 July, a single United States bomber droppt>d 16 bombs on the salt works in Kisen District, Yonggang County, Pyongan-namdo. As a result 11 persons were killed or wounded. On Î July, four United States warships penetrated the Sokcho area in Kangwon-do and fired 30 shots, killing or wounding several peaceful inhabitants. On 8 July two B-29 bombers flew over the village of Jenpuhori, Somen District, Kaepung County, Kyonggi-do and dropped more than 10 bombs on this small village where there were only old people and children. As a result 35 persons were killed and six wounded, including 21 children and young people, the remainder being old people and women. On 8 July, a United States B-29 bomber flew over the village of Neramni, Sonie District, Kumchon Counly, Hwanghae-do, and dropped 10 bombs on peasants working in the fields, killing 10 of them. On 8 July four United States dive-bombers flew over Sohung County, Hwanghae-do and dropped 13 bombs on peasants working in the fields and machinegunned them. As a result, 21 peasants were killed and two wounded. From 9 to 19 July, United States aircraft, in nine attacks on the town of Woniu, fired indiscriminately at the peaceful inhabitants, killing about 200 of them. As a result of strafing from United States aircraft which made an attack on the town of Suwon on Il July, 15 peaceful inhabitants were killed. As a result of indiscriminate bombing and shooting from 16 United States bombers and fighters which attacked villages in Yongwol County, Kangwon-do, on 12, 14 and 15 July, three peasants were killed. On 14 and 21 July, four United States bornbers attacked the small village of Honchen, Kangwon-do, and dropped 112 incendiary bombs indiscriminately, killing a peasant. On 14 July United States aircraft dropped 12 bombs on peasants who were returning home from a meeting of the Peasants' Union and killed 24 of them, including eight women. On 14 July, four United States aireraft made an attack on the village of Bodenri, Kusen District, Remn County, Kyonggi-do, and machine-gunned Mun Von Gi, a pupil in the third class of the primary sehool, and eight other pupils, seriously wounding Mun and three others. As a result of indiscriminate bombing carried out by United States aircraft on the town of Pyongtaek, Kyonggi-do, on 15, 16 and 19 July, 77 peaceful inhabitants were killed. On 15 July United States aircraft, in an attack on the town of Inchon, bombed the Tonyan Textile Factory and strafed peasants busy weeding in the fields killing 80 persons. On 16 July, as a result of indiscriminate bombing by United States bombers, 1,096 peaceful inhabitants were killed, 743 seriously wounded, and 458 slightly wounded; in addition, 7,000 inhabitants lost their homes and property. On 18 July, 22 united States bombers attacking he Afvena area, Kangwon-do, dropped sorne dozens of bombs on the villages. As a result 14 peasants engaged in weeding were killed. On 19 July, 28 planes attacked areas of Hamgyong-namdo and flew over the railway sidings at Orori. They dropped several bombs on the sidings and machine-gunned them, as a result of which four railway workers were killed or wcunded. On the afternoon of the same day, 16 United States aircraft again attacked Hamgyongnarndo and bombed and machine-gunned the fishing village of Thunejo. As a result severa! fishing boats were destroyed and 12 fishermen were killed or wounded. On 19 July United States aircraft dropped five bombs on S'inbokchang, Hamgyong-namdo, killing or wounding seven persons. On 19 July, eight United States bombers and fighters made an attack on the Tongchon area, Kangwon-do, and as a result of ~anam, Hamgyong-pukto, indiscriminately bombed residential sections, as a result of which 95 men, 39 women and 15 children, 149 persons in aU, were killed, and 177 were injured, among them éO women and 24 infants. On 23 July, dozens of United States bombers raided the town of Pyongyang dropping 162 bombs on the residential sections, killing 439 members of the peaceful population. On 23 July, six United States bombers dropped about 20 bombs on the villages of Sonanlni and Namgegi, Namhendesan District, Taedong County, Pyongan-namdo, as a result of which 20 peasants weeding the fields were killed. On 26 July, two United States bombers raiding the town of Sariwon, Hwanghae-do, indiscriminately bombed residential sections, às a result of which 78 members of the peaceful population were killed; raiding the town of ·Chorwon, Kangwon-do on the same day, two United States hombers bombed residential sections; as a result 29 persons were killed or injured. On 26 July United States planes raiding the town of Sariwon dropped a large number of bombs and barbarously machinegunned a large number of persons hiding from the bombing under tree'; on Genamson mountain; as a result 54 members of the peaceful population were killed, induding 35 women and five children, and 163 persons were injured, induding 92 women. From '0 June onwards, United States bombers making daily raids on the Paju District have killed 63 persons and injured 572. On 28 July, United States bombers raiding the town of Pyongyang and taking advantage of doudy weather killed 22 members of the peaceful population as a result of indiscriminate bombing. On 28 July, United States bombers raiding the town of Yangdok, Pyongan-namdo, killed 20 members of the peaceful population. On 3 August, 53 United States planes raiding the factory district of Hungnam, Hamgyongnamdo, carried out indiscriminate bombing, as a result of which 25 members of the peaceful population were killed. 4. Destruction of plants and factories. With the object of destroying the Korean economy and impoverishing the Korean people, the United States imperialists are destroying large numbers of plants and factories of peacefui industry. As a result of five flights carried out by United States planes in the period from 29 June to 20 July on the town of Pyongyang, the Pyongyang railway-car repair shop, the Pyongyang textile factory, an oxygen plant, a viscose factory, a brewery, an instrument factory, and a number of stores have been destroyed. On 3 July, United States aireraft dropped about 40 bombs of from 50 to 500 kilogrammes on a sugar factory On 5 July, United States bombers raided Kison District, Yonggang County, Pyongan-namdo, and dropped lb bombs on a salt plant, as a result of which a large part of the plant was demolished. On 6 July six United States aircraft bombed food warehouses in Chinnampo; as a result eight warehouses were burnt down, seven were demolished, and two warehouses of the Chosonsan firm were burnt down and one was destroyed. On 6 July, United States aircrait dropped 12 bombs on the shipbuilding works in Chinnalllpu; as a result the main shops were completely demolished, as were a boatyard, moulding and casting shops, etc. On 7 July, United States aireraft demolished a briquet factor~ in Wonsan. On 8 July, United States bombers dropped 100 explosive and incendiary bombs on the town of Chinnampo; as a result, a ship-building yard and warehouses of the Chosonsan firm were destroyed or burned. On 13 July, three United States aircraft dropped 39 bombs on the area of the 'vVonsan aluminium works, demolishing a part of it. On 13 July, United :::'tates aircraft dropped more' than 500 bombs on \\'oll>all, as a result of which a food warehouse and a leather factory were destroyed. On 13 and 17 July, United States airerait bombed and destroyed a ship-building yard in \\"onsan. On 15 July, United States bombers raided a textile factory in Inchon and destroyed two faetory buildings and 27 of its principal looms, while the remaining equipment w'\s rendered unusable. On 19 July, United States bombers and fighters dropped six one-ton bombs on the Hamhung carbide factory and demoiished more than half of it. On 19 July, United States airerait dropped bombs on a soya-bean factory in Pyongyang, destroying part of il. On the same day United States airerait, again attacking the soya bean plant at Pyongyang, completely destroyed it. On 23 July, United States bombers attacked Pyongyang and destroyed the textile factory and its warehouses, and also the first hosiery factory. On 23 J uly and 4 August, aircrait attacking the town of Pyongyang, bombed ils tramway yards, destroying a large part of the equipment. On 18 July, United States bombers again bombed the Pyongyang railway-car repair shops, and set fire to part of them. On 30 July, United States aircraft f1ew over the Yonsen area, and bombed the Ensen machine-taol factory, destroying a large part of it. On 30 July and 13 August, 125 United States aircraft attacked the town of Hungnam and dropped about 500 bombs. The resulting destruction included many dwellinghouses, a large part of the chemical fertilizer factof)", the pharmaceutical factory, the Bongan factory, the Sebongun factory, the carbide factory and the Hungnam metallurgical factory. Particularly heavy damage was sustained by the fertilizer factory, which is of great importance for the development of agriculture. Attacking the town of Haeju, four United ~tates bombers bombed the Haeju cement works and destroyed Ils warehouse. On the same day eight United States aircraft attc:r.ked the town of Chinnampo and destroyed the glass factory. The United States interventionists who have come to our country with sword and fire have met \vith determined resislance from ail of the Korean people, who have risen to defend their freedom and the independence of their country. The more the situation of the United States interventionists in Korea deteriorates, the more inhumanly do they conduct the war against the Korean people, attempting by cruelty to break the will of our people to resistance and victory. The United States