S/PV.527 Security Council

Our first task this afternoon is to hear the interpretation of the statement made this morning [526th meeting] by the representative of the United States. However, in view of the fact that we are to hear a long speech and that there was sorne question this morning of holding a night meeting, we might overcome these difficulties if we omit the interpretation of Mr. Austin's speech altogether. l am merely raising the question. WouId any delegation he prepared to support my suggestion? Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): We are now faced with the same problem that arose at a recent meeting. l find it desirable that speeches delivered in Russianl do not know the wishes of representatives who speak in Spanish or other languagesshould be interpreted in English consecutively in order that corrections may he made. 1t is impossible to make corrections to simultaneous interpretations. l would therefore ask that the English interpretation be retained.

l foresee that there will be sorne difficulties, and l believe that the French delegation would abject to the omission of an interpretation. In order to waste no more time, therefore, l would ask the interpreter to give us the interpretation into French. 1 " ... in view of the gravity of the two questions of armed intervention in Korea and aggression against China's Taiwan by the United States Government, and in view of the fact that the two questions are c10sely related, it wouId be most proper that the Security Council combine the discussion of the accusation raised by the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China referring to the armed invasion of Taiwan (Formosa) by the United States Government and the discussion of the question of armed intervention in Korea by the United States Government, so that the representative of the People's Republic of China, when attending the meetings of the Security Council to discuss the 'complaint against armed invasion of Taiwan (F'ormosa)', might raise, at the same time, the accusation against armed intervention in Korea by the United States Government." But, item 2 (b) on the agenda of the Security Council is not in conformity with the wording of the cable of Mr. Chou En-lai, the Foreign Minister of the Central People's Government. There is not the slightest resemblance between these two, and for this reason the representative of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China will, of course, not participate in the discussion of item 2 (b) of the agenda, the so-called "complaint of aggression against the Republic of Korea". Now l shall continue with the substance of my speech. This charge of aggression against Taiwan by the United States Government brought b~ the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China should have been lodged by the representative on the Security Council of the People's Republic of China as a permanent member of the Security Council. But, owing to the manipulation and obstruction by the United States Government, the lawful representatives of the People's Republic of China have been and are still being exc1uded fram the United Nations and, for that reason, l must Premier Mao Tse-tung of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, on the occasion of the establishment of the government on 1 October 1949, solemnly declared to the whole world that the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government to represent ail the people of China. The tremendous achievements of the People's Republic of China in the course of the past year in military, economic, political and cultural construction have eloquently proved to the world that the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the Chinese people. The Kuomintang reactionary remnant clique, which opposes the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, has long ceased to exist on the mainland of China. In over four years of war since July 1946 when the Chiang Kai-shek reactionary clique launched a full-scale civil war with the support of the United States Government, the Chinese People's Liberation Army has annihilated Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary armies totalling 8,070,000 men and has liberated ail the territories of China except Tibet and Taiwan. During the past year, the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China has united the whole Chinese people representing various walks of life, it has established local governments throughout the country and at ail levels and has effectively controlled the mainland of China. The Central People's Government, as a government of ail China, is unprecedented in Chinese history in that it is unified, stable and supported by the people. Even the enemy of the Chinese people cannot but admit this fact. Furthermore, the Kuomintang reactionary government has long since collapsed and ceased to exist. Even its remnant e1ements have also been driven out of the mainland of China by the Chinese people. At present, it is only owing to the armed protection of the United States that they are maintaining their precarious existence in Taiwan. However, they have long been renounced by the Chinese people and they no longer have any grounds, de jure or de facto, ta represent the Chinese people. The so-called "delegates" to the United Nations of the Kuomintang reactionary remnant clique are nothing but the personal tools of a handful of fugitive elements that will soon be entirely eliminated. They have absolutely no qualifications whatsoever ta represent the Chinese people. But up to now, in spite of the vigorous support of the USSR and other countries in favour of the seating of the representatives of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations and the affirmative votes of the sixteen Member States of the United Nations, namely, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Poland, Czechoslovakia, India, Burma, Israel, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Byelorussian SSR, the Ukrainian SSR, Denmark, Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Yugoslavia and Norway, owing to the manipulation and obstruction of the United States Government, the United Nations is still refusing to admit our lawful delegates. As a result, the so-called "delegates" of the Chinese Kuomintang reactionary remnant clique are still sitting on the Security Council and in other organs of the United Nations. Against this, we cannot but lodge a grave protest. l would like to remind the members of the Security Council that so long as the United Nations persists in denying admittance to a permanent member of the Security Council representing 475 million people, it cannot make lawful decisions on any major issues or solve any major problems, particularly those which concern Asia. Indeed, without the participation of the lawful delegates of the People's Republic of China, representing 475 million people, the United Nations cannot in practice be worthy of its name. Without the participation of the lawful representatives of the People's Republic of China, the people of China have no reason to recognize any resolutions or decisions of the United Nations. Therefore, in the name of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, l once more demand that the United Nations expell the socalled "delegates" of the Kuomintang reactionary remnant clique and admit the lawful delegates of the People's Republic of China. The members of the Security Council will recall that on 24 August Foreign Minister Chou En-lai lodged a charge with the United Nations Security Council that the United States Government had committed armed aggression against China's territory, Taiwan. But the United States Government used'every means to obstruct the discussion by the Security Council of this just accusation. It was only because of the righteous stand of the Soviet Union representative who was President of the Security Council during August, and the support of other countries, that the charge by the People's Republic of China against United States armed agg-ression in Taiwan has now been placed on the agenda of the Security Council, although because of the oppo- The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, in a statement issued on 28 June 1950, pointed out that the statement by President Truman on 27 June together with the actions of the United States armed forces constituted armed aggression against Chinese territory and a gross, total violation of the United Nations Charter. The Chinese people cannot tolerate such barbarie, illegal and criminal acts of aggression by the United States Government. The case for the charge filed by the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China against the United States Government is irrefutable. People with any common sense know that Taiwan is an inseparable part of the territory of China. Long before Christopher Columbus discovered America, the Chinese people were already in Taiwan. Long before the United States achieved its own independence, Taiwan had already become an inseparable part of the territory of China. Precisely because of this irrevocable historical fact that Taiwan is part of China, civilized nations of the whole world have never conceded that the occupation of Taiwan by imperialist Japan during the fifty-year period from 1895 to 1945 was justifiable. Moreover, the people of Taiwan have always opposed the rule of Japanese imperialism. During the fifty years under Japanese imperialist rule, the people of Taiwan lived like beasts of burden and underwent all the sufferings of a subject people. But during these fifty years the people in Taiwan never ceased condl1eting a dauntless struggle against the alien rule of Japanese imperialism and for their return to the motherland. In their heroic struggle against Japanese imperialism, the people in Taiwan have written with blood and fire into the pages of history that they are a member, an integral part, of the great family of the Chinese nation. Even the White Paper, United States Relations with China, compiledby the United States Department of State, has to admit that: "The native population for fifty years had been under the ruleof a foreign invader and therefore weicomed the Chinese forces as liberators. During Taiwan is an integral part of China. This is not only an unshakable historical fact, but also one of the main aims for which the Chinese people fought unitedly against imperialist Japan. The Cairo Declaration signed on 1 December 1943 by the United States, the United Kingdom and China clearly reflected this aim of the people of China. Moreover, the Cairo Declaration is a solemn international commitment which the United States Government has pledged itself to observe. As one of the principal provisions concerning the unconditional surrender of Japan, this solemn international commitment was again laid down in the Potsdam Declaration which was signed jointly on 26 July 1945 by China, the United States and the United Kingdom, and was subsequently adhered to by the Soviet Union. Section 8 of the Potsdam Declaration, which provides the terms of the unconditional surrender of Japan, states: "The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine." On 2 September 1945, Japan signed the Instrument o~ Surrender, the first article of which explicitly provIded that Japan "accepts" - l am quoting from the original wording - "the provisions set forth in the Declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States, China and Great Britain on July 26, 194.5, at Pots:Iam, a.n~ subseque?tly adhered to by the Umon of SovIet Socmhst Repubhcs". When the Chinese Government accepted the surrender of the Japanese arm~d forces ir: Taiwan and exercised sovereignty over the Island, TaIwan became, not only de jure, but a150 de. facto, an inalienable part of Chinese territory, and thIS has been the situation as regards Taiwan since 1945. For this reason, during the five post-war years from 1945 to 27 June 1950, no one has ever questioned the fact that Taiwan is an inseparable part of Chinese territory, de jure or de facto. This state of a!fairs was so clear that on 5 January 1950: even PresIdent Truman of the United States could not but admit the followitÏg: "In the joint Declaration at Cairo on December 1 1943, the President of the United States the British Prime Minister and the President of éhina stated that it was their purpose that territories Japan had 1 United States Relations with China, Departtnent o{ $tate Publication 3573, page 308. . , " ... for the past four years the United States and the other allied Powers have accepted the exercise of Chinese authority over the island. "The United States has no predatory designs on Formosa or on any other Chinese territory. .. Nor does it have any intention of utilizing its armed forces to interfere in the present situation. The United States Government will not pursue a course which willlead to involvement in the civil conflict in China." Thus, even President Truman admitted that Taiwan is Chinese territory. Thus it can be seen that there is no room for the slightest doubt that Taiwan is an inseparable part of Chinese territory. Yet the United States Government had the audacity to declare its decision to use armed force to prevent the liberation of Taiwan by the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, and to dispatch its armed forces on a large-scale, open invasion of Taiwan. The fact that the United States has used armed forces to invade Taiwan requires no investigation because the United States Government itself has openly admitted this facto In announcing the aforementioned decision, President Truman first ordered the United States Seventh Fleet to invade our territorial waters around Taiwan. Since then, the United States Government has never denied the fact that the United States Seventh Fleet invaded Chinese territory, Taiwan. The United States armed forces have not onlv invaded Chinese territory, Taiwan, but have also violated China's territorial waters and territorial air along and within our coastline, conducting active reconnaissance and patrols. According to a dispatch filed by the New York H erald Tribune correspondent at Taipei on 24 July: "The Fleet has a beat extending from Swatow in the south to Tsingtao in North China, a thousand-mile coastline... " The United States Government has furthermore never denied the invasion of Taiwan by the United States Thirteenth Air Force. These United States naval and air units which invaded Taiwan, simultaneouly with the United States aggression forces in Korea have extended and are still extending their acts of aggression beyond Taiwan to the territorial waters and territorial air of China's mainland. l shall deal further with these facts later on. Having declared and put into operation the policy of armed aggression against Taiwan, President Truman "Arrangements have been completed for effective co-ordination between the American forces under my command and those of the Chinese Government (the Kuomintang reactionary remnant clique)." And this is what Chiang Kai-shek said: "An agreement was reached between General MacArthur and myself on ail the problems discussed in the series of conferences held in the past two days. The foundation for a joint defence of Formosa and for Sino-American military co-operation has thus been laid." ln league with its puppet, the Chiang Kai-shek reactionary clique, the United States Government, which has invaded and occupied Taiwan, thus cast the gauntlet of war before the Chinese people. Long before 27 June of this year the Government of the United States, through its puppet Chiang Kai-shek, had already carried out ail kinds of aggressive activities against Taiwan, including acts of armed aggression. Now, of course, the United States Government is even more reckless than ever before. According to a Taipei broadcast on 10 August the United States Thirteenth Air Force has already established a so-called "Advanced Command Headquarters in Formosa" which also according to a Taipei broadcast on 7 August is operating at the Air Force Headquarters of the Kuomintang bogus régime. According to a Taipei United Press dispatch dated 4 July, the United States Seventh Fleet has set up a "Naval Liaison Staff" in Taiwan. In order to facilitate the unified command of its naval and air aggression forces in Taiwan, the United States Government has sent there an official military mission under the name "United States Far East Command Survey Group in Formosa". This "survey group" was reportedly recalled to Japan on 3 October and, to an appearances, it seemed that it had been disbanded. But everyone knows that that is nothing but an attempt on the part of the United States Government to delude others. The United States armed forces, their commanding cfficers and military command posts are still there, now, in Taiwan. • Taiwan, as 1 have said, is an inseparable part of the territory of China. The invasion and occupation of Taiwan by the armed forces of the United States Government constitutes an act of open, direct armed aggression against China by the Government of the United States. "The determination of the future status of Formosa must await the restoration of security in the Pacific, a peace settlement with Japan, or consideration by the United Nations"? Let us first of all deal with the question of the status of Taiwan and the peace treaty with Japan. Does it hoId water to say that, since the status of Taiwan is not yet determined, the invasion of Taiwan by United States armed forces constitutes no aggression against China? No, it does not. Here we have in the first place the Truman of 5 January 1950 contradicting the Truman of 27 June 1950. On 5 January, this year Mr. Truman stated: "The United States and the other Allied Powers have accepted the exercise of Chinese authority over the island". Surely, at that time, Mr. Truman couId not consider that a peace treaty with Japan had already been signed. Then, we have President Roosevelt contradicting President Truman. On 1 December 1943, President Roosevelt solemnly declared, in the Cairo Declaration, that "All the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa and the Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China". Surely, neither President Roosevelt nor anyone else considered at that time that, in the absence of a peace treaty with Japan, the Cairo Declaration would be invalid and that Manchuria, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands would remain in the possession of Japan. The facts of history in the course of the past several centuries and the situation during the last five years, since the surrender of Japan, also contradict Mr. Truman, because the facts of history and the situation following the Japanese surrender have long determined the status of Taiwan to be an integral part of China. The status of Taiwan was determined long ago; there is no such question as that of Taiwan's status. Article 107 of the Charter of the United Nations clearly provides that: "Nothing.in t~e prese.nt Charter shall invalidate or preclude actIOn, ln relatIOn to any State which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter, taken or authorized as a result of that war by the Govern- President Truman declared that the so-called question of the status of Taiwan must await consideration by the United Nations. However, after the People's Republic of China had charged the United States before the United Nations with armed aggression against Taiwan, the United States Government indicated that it would welcome consideration by the United Nations of the question of Taiwan and an investigation by the United Nations. The United States representative at the fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly introduced the so-called "Question of Formosa", and made use of its voting machine in the General Assembly to put this matter on the agenda. Ail these moves of the United States Government aim at stealing the name of the United Nations to legalize its illegal acts of armed aggression against Taiwan and to consolidate its actual occupation of Taiwan. My government has protested in strong terms to the United Nations General Assembly, resolutely opposing the inclusion of the so-called "Question of Formosa" - concerning the status of Taiwan - in the agenda of the fifth session of the General Assembly. Whatever decision the United Nations General Assembly may take on the so-called question of the status of Taiwan, whether it be to hand over the island to the United States so that it might administer it openly under the disguise of "trusteeship", or "neutralization", or whether it be to procrastinate by way of "investigation", thereby maintaining the present state of actual United States occupation, it will, in substance, be stealing China's legitimate territory and supporting United States aggression against Taiwan in opposition to the Chinese people. Any such decision would be unjustifiable and unlawful. Any such decision would in no way shake the resolve of the Chinese people to liberate Taiwan, nor would it prevent action by the Chinese people to liberate Taiwan. l wish to calI the attention of all those countries which are prepared to follow the United States on this question: do not be taken in by the United States of America; do not pull chestnuts out of the fire for the United States, for if you support United States aggression you must then bear the consequences of your actions. The status of Taiwan has been determined long ago. The question of the status of Taiwan simply does not exist. However, one question does exist regarding Taiwan, and that is the question of the armed aggression of the United States Government against the territory of China, Taiwan. The~fore, to argue that because the peace treaty with Japan has yet to be concluded, the status of Taiwan remains undetermined and must await consideration by the United Nations - to argue thus is to make a mockery of history and of realities, of human intelligence and of international agreements; to argue thus is to make a mockery of the United Nations Charter. This is a preposte,rous farce, The civil war in Korea was created by the United States - but in no sense whatsoever can the civil war in Korea be used as a justification or pretext for United States aggression against Taiwan. l repeat: in no sense whatsoever can the civil war in Korea be used as a justification or pretext for United States aggression against Taiwan. Members of the Security Council: is it conceivable that, because of the Spanish civil war, Ttaly would be entitled to occupy the French territory of Corsica? Is it conceivable that civil war in Mexico would confer upon the United Kingdom the right to occupy the State of Florida in the United States? This is utterly absurd and inconceivable. In fact, the United State Government's policy of armed aggression against Taiwan, no less than its policy of armed aggression against Korea, had been decided upon long before the United States created the civil war in Korea. Six days before the outbreak of the Korean civil war - that is, on 19 June 1950 - The New York Times wrote the following in an editorial: "It would seem, then, that the retention of sorne sort of bases for defending Japan was an imperative. On the other hand, in modern warfare the old idea of three or four relatively isolated bases is, of course, nonsense... "Tt may weIl be for reasons such as these that General MacArthur is, according to recent reports, ready to urge a co-ordinated defence pattern for the whole of the Western Pacific, and not merely for Japan alone. This revives the question of what should or can be done about Formosa. There is a substantial body of opinion to the effect that the Island can be held and that, although it is late, it is not too late.".. "A vigorous defence programme, on a regional basis, would therefore involve political decisions of the first order. It could require a reversaI of our position on Formosa." An item in the New York Post on 27 June went further to say: "Before Johnson and Bradley went to Japan, the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff had agreed upon A dispatch from Tokyo in the New York H erald Tribune of 25 June vividly revealed the specific details of this decision: "A firm stand by the United States on Formosa would, according to Supreme Headquarters, have a 90 per cent chance of deterring Communist invasion because the Chinese themselves are not ready for a head-on tilt with American power ... "Headquarters officiaIs believe that the Communists couId be deterred from even starting an attack on Formosa if swift action were taken along about the following lines: "A strong public pronouncement should be made by the United States that in the light of Soviet participation in Chinese military preparations and in the light of changed world conditions, the final disposition of Formosa - which was a former Japanese possession - must await a Japanese peace treaty. Until a treaty has been concluded, Formosa wouId be under American or United Nations jurisdietion. This pronouncement should be coupled with the despatch of a large-scale military mission to Formosa with a limited supply of equipment. The amount of aid would be comparable to that given the Greek Government in its fight on guerrillas. There have also been suggestions that the military mission should be supplemented by a show of naval strength. One officer contended that the presence of a single aircraft carrier would certainly deter the Communists from attacking for a long time to come." No further evidence on this point would appear necessary. Such important accounts regarding the United States Government have never been refuted by that Government and, therefore, must be accepted as reliable. What we have quoted above is already sufficient to show that the United States Government had decided upon its policy of armed aggression against Taiwan long before it created the war in Korea. Even the concrete steps to be taken in executing this policy, such as the issuance of a strong pronouncement, a show of naval strength, the dispatch of military missions, and sa forth, had been decided upon. The creation of civil war in Korea by the United States Government was designed solely ta furnish a pretexf for launching armed aggression against Korea and against our territory, Taiwan, and for tightening its control in Viet-Nam and in the Philippines. Clearly, in carrying out aggression simultaneously against Korea and Taiwan under the pretext of the Korean civil war which was of its own making, the United States Government has vastly extended the scale of the Korean war. Far from localizing it, this is on the contrary extending the Korean war. The Chinese people have consistently supported alI proposaIs for the peaceful settlement of the Korean question and for genuinely localizing the Korean war. The Chinese people also fervently hope for security in the Pacifie area. But the Korean war has been extended, and security in the Pacifie has been shattered. Who has been extending the Korean war? Who has shattered security in the Pacifie? Have Chinese armed forces invaded Hawaii of the United States, or have United States armed forces invaded T~iwan of China? As everyone knows, there are no Chmese armed forces between Hawaii and the United States mainland. It is precisely because the United States committed aggression simultaneously against Taiwan that the Korean war has been vastly extended. It is precisely because the United States anned forces traversed five thousand miles of ocean to commit aggression against Korea and Taiwan that security in the Pacifie has been shattered. It is the United States armed aggression, launched under the pretext of "maintaining security in the Pacifie", that has shattered the security of the Pacifie. AlI the deceptions and lies that have been repeated tao many times by Messrs. Truman, Acheson, Austin and the like, to the effect that the United States aggression against Taiwan is a "temporary measure" arising from the Korean war, aimed at "localizing" the Korean war, and "maintaining security in the Pacifie" etc.- all such deceptions and lies are overweighed by a few voluntary confessions of General MacArthur. In his message to the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States on 28 August, General MacArthur flagrantly admitted that the United States regarded Taiwan as "the centre" of the United States Pacifie front, "an unsinkable aircraft carrier", and that the United States must control Taiwan in order to be able ta "dominate with air power every Asiatic port from Vladivostok to Singapore". From this it can readily be seen that the United States armed aggression against Taiwan is definitely not a "temporary measure" arising out of the Korean war, but rather a premeditated plan that had been decided upon long before the civil war in Korea was created. The United States armed aggression was directed towards vastly extending, not towards "localizing" the Korean war, towards seeking "to dominate . .. every Asiatic port from Vladivostok to Singapore", and not towards doing any such thing as "maintaining the security of the Pacifie". The United States armed aggression has outrageously shattered the security in the Pacifie. Further, the United States Government perversely argues that the United States armed invasion and Let the American people further pause to consider the situation at the time when Presiùent Lincoln was mopping up the remnant forces of the southern slave owners. If a foreign Power had suddenly stepped in and occupied the State of Virginia by armed force, while alleging that this was designed for the miltary neutralization of Virginia so as to safeguard the security of the American continent, would not the American people have considered this a flagrant intervention in the domestic affairs of the United States? Would not the American people have considered this armed Çlccupation of the United States? The armed invasion and occupation of Taiwan by the United States Government is an act of aggression in that it constitutes flagrant intervention in China's . domestic affairs, and armed occupation of Chinese territory. It is an open and wanton act of provocation against all the 475 million Chinese people. The Chinese people cannot tolerate this unlawful and criminal act of direct, armed, aggressive war against China by the United States Government. Neither will the American people, in our belief, approve of such criminaI provocation. This·is because such action on the part of the United States Government is also detrimental to the interests of the American people. Can there be a single peace-loving American willing to serve as cannon fodder and to die just because his government has decided to invade Taiwan which is 5,000 miles away from America? The outrageous action of the United States Government in committing unjustified armed aggression against Taiwan has aroused the indignation of all righteous people the world over. No lies, no deceit concerning the future status of Taiwan can dispel this indignation. As a result, the United States Government has been compelled to resort to even bigger lies in order to cover up its outrageous aggression. We Chinese are a people accustomed to "listening to words and observing deeds". The United States armed forces have invaded the territory of China, Taiwan. Yet the United States President has asserted that the United States Government harbours no territorial ambitions concerning Taiwan. Shall we, then, believe in the "words" of the United States Government - or in its "deeds"? Here we have a situation where, having invaded another country's territory, the aggressor states he has no territorial ambitions in that territory. What then, is meant by "territorial ambitions"? Let him not make a mockery of the common sense of humanity. The supreme manifestation of territorial ambitions towards any particular state surely is the invasion of its territory. This action of the United States armed forces in invading Taiwan eloquently proves that the United States not only harbours territorial ambitions towards China's territory, Taiwan, but is already realizing them. The real intention of the United States is as MacArthur has confessed - ta convert Taiwan into the centre of the United States Pacific front for the purpose of dominating every Asiatic port from Vladivostok ta Singapore. In his letter of 25 August 1950, to ML Trygve Lie, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr. Austin, the United States representative ta the United Nations, stated: "The United States has not encroached on the territory of China, nor had the United States taken aggressive action against China" [5/1716]. Very well. Where then have the United States Seventh Fleet and the Thirteenth Air Force gone? Can it be that they have gone to the planet Mars? No, the United States Seventh Fleet and Thirteenth Air Force have not gone elsewhere. They are in Taiwan. Can it be that what is referred to as the Seventh Fleet and Thirteenth Air Force simply are not armed forces oUhe United States? No. The Seventh Fleet and Thirteenth Air Force are without doubt the Seventh Fleet of the United States and the Thirteenth Air Force of the United States. Then where is the point at issue? Can there be any aggressive act on earth more outrageous than that of the invasion and occupation of imother country's territory? It was only such fascist régimes as the German and the Japanese who did not admit that the invasion and occupation of China's Manchuria or the annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia were acts of aggression. We cannot tolerate this kind of trickery by the United States Government. We all live in a real world. And we are living after the victory of the anti-fascist war. lS In the entire history of China's foreign relations, though the peoples of the United States and China have always maintained friendly relations, in their relations with China, the American imperialists have always been the cunning aggressor. The American imperialists have never been the friends of the Chinese people. They have always aligned themselves with the enemies of the Chinese people. They have always been the enemies of the Chinese people. However shamelessly the American imperialists claim to be friends of the Chinese people, the historical record which distinguishes friend from foe cannot be altered. Before the Second World War, because of the advantage gained by other imperialists in China, the American imperialists adopted what was known as the "open door" and "equal opportunity" policy, which though ostensibly different from the policies of the other imperialist Powers, was in fact an aggressive policy aimed at sharing the spoils with other imperialists. After the Second World War, mainly because of the efforts and sacrifices of the Chinese people and of the Soviet Union in the Second World War, the power of Japanese imperialism in China was smashed, and that of the other imperialists in China weakened. Taking advantage of this opportunity, the United States Government stepped up the execution of its policy of sole dominance over China. But the difficulties in realizing this policy were formidable, for those who favoured this policy were only the Kuomintang reactionary clique, while the entire Chinese people were opposed to it. Therefore, in order to carry out their policy, it was necessary for the American imperialists to support the Kuomintang reactionary clique and to oppose the Chinese people with all their power. After the surrender of imperialist Japan in 1945, the United States Government immediate1y adopted a policy of open intervention in China's internaI affairs, using every means to smooth the.way for the Kuomintang reactionary clique to launch a bloody civil war to slaughter the Chinese people. The United States Government mobilized 113,000 men of its naval, ground and air forces to make landings in the major ports of China, to grab important strategie points from which the Kuomintang reactionary clique could launch the civil war, and to assist the Kuomintang reactionary clique by transporting one million troops to the fronts It is only because of the 1arge-scale aid it received from the United States Government that the Chiang Kai-shek Kuomintang reactionary clique dared and was able to carry out a civil war against the people unprecedented in China's history for its scale and cruelty, and to slaughter with United States arms several millions of the Chinese people. During Chiang Kai-shek's bloody civil war against the Chinese people, apart from the fact that the United States Government had sent over 1,000 military advisers to Chiang Kai-shek to plan the civil war, United States troops stationed in China in fact participated directly in the civil war, and invaded the Chinese people's liberated areas more than forty times. During this period, the United States Government and the Chiang Kai-shek Kuomintang reactionary clique signed all kinds of unequal treaties and agreements which reduced China to the status of a colony and military base of the United States. These included such military agreements as the "Aviation Agreement" and "Naval Agreement", and such economic treaties and agreements as the "Sino-American Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation", the "Bilateral Agreement between China and the United States", and the "Sino-American Agreement on Rural Reconstruction". Furthermore, on the basis of these treaties and agreements, the United States Government secured many naval and air bases in Kuomintang China and gained control of the military, political, financial and economic branches of the Kuomintang Government. American goods flooded China's markets, causing China's national industries to fall into bankruptcy. The monopoly capitalists of the United States, through the four big families of Chiang, Soong, Kung and Chen, controlled the lifestream of China's economy. In fact the Chiang Kai-shek Kuomintang reactionary régime was nothing more than a puppet whereby American imperialism controlled China. The Chinese people are completely justified in entering all the tyrannieal crimes of Chiang Kai-shek on the account of the American imperialists. The Chinese people will never forget their blood debt against the American imperialists. American imperialists decidedly cannot escape the grave responsibility which they must bear for. all the cri~es committe? by the Chian!! Kai-shek bngands agal11st the Chl11ese people. The hands of the Americ~n imperialists are stained with the blood of the Chl11eSe people. The However, aIl the efforts of the United States Government have failed. A relatively complete record of this failure can be found in the White Paper entitled United States Relations with China, compiled by the State Department of the United States. But the United States Government, still reluctant to admit that this is its final defeat, has converged for the time being aIl its activities of aggression against China on Taiwan Island, the lair of the Chang Kai-shek remnant clique in its last desperate struggle. Shortly after the Japanese surrender, the United States armed forces had already started making various preparations for aggression against Taiwan under the pretext of assisting the Kuomintang régime in "accepting surrender" and "repatriating \Var prisoners". What the United States did in Taiwan through the Kuomintang régime, just as what it did in Japan, was first of aIl to keep intact aIl Japanese fascist forces and military installations. During the second haH of 1947, under the direction of the United States Government, Hasegawa Kiyoshi, former Japanese Governor of Taiwan, and Yoshisuke Aikawa, former President of the Japanese Manchuria Industrial Development Corporation, who was released by order of MacArthur from Lugamo Prison, as weIl as other notorious war criminaIs of the aggressive war against China, were sent to Taiwan under United States protection. They were sent there to participate in planning the construction of military bases in Taiwan and, under United States instructions, to help train Chiang Kai-shek's troops to slaughter Chinese people. During this period the United States successively established air-bases, liaison radio-stations and other installations at Taipei, Sungsan, Taichung, Tainan and Hsinchu airfields. Military aircraft of the United States Thirteenth Air Force in the Pacific were sent out to photograph the topography of the whole of Taiwan Island and to make meteorological surveys. Furthermore, United States military aircraft were constantly stationed in the various airfields in Taiwan. Hsinchu airfield, originally the largest air-base in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation, became, after the Japanese surrender, the base of the United States aggression forces - the Thirteenth Air Force. Meanwhile, the United States gradually converted the ports of Keelung and Kaoshioung in Taiwan into its own naval bases. In the spring of 1948, AdmiraI Charles M. Cooke, J r., arrived in Taiwan with the United States West Pacific Fleet under his command and compelled the Kuomintang régime .:...- which had intended to cover up the fact that it had sold China's seaports - to declare officially that Keelung as weIl as Tsingtao were ports open to the United States Navy. Economically, the United States Government and American monopolies such as the Westinghouse Electric Company, the Reynolds Metal Company, the American Express Company and others, have, through various devices, joint1y dominated Taiwan's main industries - electric power, aluminium, cement, fertilizer, and others - controlled the economic life of Taiwan, and actually reduced it to a colony of the United States. Under such conditions, it is natural that the United States will not lightly give up Taiwan. Consequently, in order to realize its aim to dominate Taiwan, the United States Government has long been engaged in a variety of vicious political conspiracies. The instigation by the United States of the "Taiwan Separation Movement" reached such a height of brazenness that an American government official in Taiwan openly dec1ared that, if the people in Taiwan wanted to re1ieve themselves of China's rule, the United States was ready to help them. The Chinese people of Taiwan have witnessed with their own eyes all these conspiracies of the United States Government in league with the Kuomintang reactionary remnants. Hence, in the last live years, they have repeatedly launched great national liberation movements directed against the United States Government and its puppets. The glorious uprising of the Chinese people of Taiwan on 27 February 1947 dec1ared to the whole world that just as they had not accepted the rule of Japanese imperialism, so they would never accept the rule of United States im-' perialism. The people of Taiwan fervently demand their return to the fold of their already liberated motherland and are at this very moment engaged in hard and heroic struggles for the liberation of Taiwan. In 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army completed the liberation of the mainland of China. The vestiges of Chiang Kai-shek's clique fled to Taiwan to use it as a lair for their last desperate struggle. In spite of President Truman's hypocritical statement on 5 ]anuary, this year, of "non-intervention in the Taiwan situation", the United States Government has, in f<Lct, intensified and stepped up its support for the Chiang Kai-shek remnant clique herded together in Taiwan. The United States Government continues, through the Kuomintang remnant clique, to try to prevent the The act of armed aggression against China's territory, Taiwan, by the United States Government serves only to prove once again to the Chinese people that United States imperialism regards with hostility all victories of the Chinese people and that it is the most deadly enemy of the Chinese people. l must further point out that the armed aggression of the United States Government against the Chinese territory, Taiwan, is not an isolated affair. It is an integral part of the over-all plan of the United States Government to intensify its aggression, control and enslavement of Asian countries and the peoples of Korea, Viet-Nam, the Philippines, Japan, etc. It is a fu.rther step in the development of interference by American imperialism in the affairs of Asia. During the five years following the Second World War, General MacArthur, Commander-in-chief of United States forces in the Far East, has adopted a series of unlawful measures, abusing the power granted to him as Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Japan, and completely violating the Potsdam Declaration jointly signed by China, the United States, the United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the "Basic Post-Surrender Policy toward Japan" of the Far Eastern Commission. MacArthur arbitrarily sets free the Japanese war criminals whom the people all over Asia hate bitterly. He revives the power of Japanese fascism, suppresses the movement of the Japanese people for independence and liberation and refuses to bring about an early overall peace treaty with Japan. He attempts to gain sole domination over Japan, to enslave the Japanese nation, and to reduce Japan to a United States colony as well as a United States base for a n~w aggressive war. This policy of the United States Government towards Japan damages not only the interests of the Japanese people but also the common interests of the Chinese people, the Korean people and the other peoples of Asia. The Chinese people cannot but strongly protest and resolutely oppose this reactionary policy of the United States Government. Since the Chinese people won their victory on the Chinese mainland, the United States Under the pretext of the Korean civil war, which was of its own making, the United States Government launched armed aggression simultaneously against Korea and Taiwan. From the very outset, the United States armed aggression against Korea gravely threatened China's security. Korea is about 5,000 miles away from the boundaries of the United States. To say that the civil war in Korea would affect the security of the United States is a flagrant, deceitful absurdity. But there is only a narrow river between Korea and China. The United States armed aggression in Korea inevitably threatens China's security. That the United States aggression forces in Korea have directly threatened China's security is fully borne out by the facts. From 27 August to 10 November 1950, the military aircraft of the United States aggression forces in Korea have violated the territorial air of North-East China ninety times; they have conducted reconnaisance activities, strafed and bombed Chinese cities, towns and villages, killed and wounded Chinese peaceful inhabitants and damaged Chinese properties. The details are set out in a separate list. This list has been translated into English and l hope that the Secretary-General will distribute it to the members of the Security Council [5/1902]. Here l should point out in addition that from 10.30 hours on 10 November to 13.10 hours on 14 November, thus within 100 hours, United States airplanes violated China's territorial air for as many as twenty-eight times. On nine of these occasions they bombed and strafed. The total number of invading planes was 339. In ten of these raids more than ten planes took part. On one occasion the number of invading planes was sixty-eight. Six Chinese were injured and 168 houses destroyed by bombing and strafing. During the five days from 15 November to 19 November, United States airplanes again violated Chinese territorial air thirty-three times. The total number of invading planes was 218. On 20 September naval craft of the United States aggression forces against Korea opened fire on and forcibly inspected Chinese merchant shipping on the high seas. Ali these acts of direct aggression against China by the United States aggression forces in Korea are an insolent provocation which the Chinese people absolutely cannot tolerate. The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China has repeatedly lodged Now the United States forces of aggression in Korea are approaching our north-eastern frontiers. The flames of the war of aggression waged by the United States against Korea are swiftly sweeping towards China. Under such circumstances the United States armed aggression against Korea cannot be regarded as a matter which concerns the Korean people alone. No, decidedly not. The United States aggression against Korea gravely endangers the security of the People's Republic of China. The Korean People's Democratie Republic is a country bound by close ties of friendship to the People's Republic of China. Only a river separates the two countries geographicaUy. The Chinese people cannot afford to stand idly by in the face of this serious situation brought about by the United States Government's aggression against Korea and the dangerous tendency towards the extension of the war. The Chinese people have witnessed with their own eyes Taiwan faU prey to aggressiôn and the flames of the United States war of aggression against Korea leap towards them. Thus stirred into righteous anger, they are volunteering in great numbers to go to the aid of the Korean people. Resistance to United States aggression is based on the self-evident principles of justice and reason. The Chinese People's Government sees no reason whatever to prevent voluntary departure for Korea to participate, under the command of the Government of the Korean People's Democratie Republic, in the great liberation struggle of the Korean people against United States aggression. The United States armed aggression against Taiwan is inseparable from its interference in the internai affairs of the Viet-Nam Republic, its support of the French aggressors and their Bao Dai puppet régime, and its armed attack on the Viet-Nam people. The people of the entire world know that France is the aggressor against Viet-Nam and that the Bao Dai régime is a typical puppet régime which cannot possibly win any confidence and support from the Viet-Nam people. In supporting this aggressor and this puppet régime against the people of Viet-Nam, the United States Government aims not only at aggression against Viet-Nam but also at threatening the borders of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese people cannot but be deeply concerned with the unfolding of the The truth of the matter is not difficult to understand: aHer the Second World War, the United States imperialist policy on the Chinese mainland met with miserable failure. The great victory of the Chinese people's revolution points to the oppressed peoples and nations throughout Asia the way of driving imperialism out of Asia and achieving national independence. It shows them with living facts that it is possible to defeat Arnerican imperialism, and, that without imperialist oppression, the Asian peoples not only can survive but will live a much better life. The great victory of the Chinese people's revolution has inspired and encouraged the oppressed peoples throughout Asia in their struggle of liberation for national independence. But American imperialism cannot resign itself to the shattering of its dream of exclusive domination over Asia, nor can it acquiesce in its withdrawal from Asia. Rence, American imperialism regards the victorious People's Republic of China as the most serious obstacle to its sole domination over Asia. American imperialism is hostile to aIl liberation stmggles of Asian peoples, and is particularly hostile to the great victory of the Chinese people. It has, therefore, resorted to the form of open and direct armed aggression to realize its fanatiC'design of attacking new China and dominating the whole of Asia. The American imperialists claim that the United States "defence line" must be pushed to the Yalu River, to the Straits of Taiwan and to the mountainous border regions between China and Viet-Nam, or the United States will have no security. This is the reason why, they claim, the United States has conducted armed aggression against Korea and Taiwan and intensified its intervention in Viet- Nam. But in no sense whatever can it be said that the Korean people's struggle for liberation, or the exercise of sovereignty by the People's Republic of China over its own territory, Taiwan, or the volunteering of the Chinese people to resist the United States and aid Korea, or the struggle for national independence of the Viet-Nam Democratic Republic against French imperialism and its puppets affect the securityof the United States in North America 5,000 miles away. The Chinese people, steeled by hardship and sufferings, know full weIl that the United States Government has taken this series of aggressive acts with the purpose of realizing its fanatic design of dominatinO' Asia and the world. One of the masterplanners gf Japanese aggression, Tanaka, once. said: to conquer the world, one must first conquer Asta; to Ever since 1895, the course of aggression taken by imperialist Japan has exactly corresponded to the Tanaka plan. In 1895, imperialist Japan invaded Korea and Taiwan. In 1931, imperialist Japan occupied the whole of North-East China. In 1937, imperialist Japan launched the war of aggression against the whole of China. In 1941, it started the war aimed at the conquest of the whole of Asia. Naturally, as everyone knows, before it had realized this design, Japanese imperialism collapsed. American imperialism, by its aggression against Taiwan and Korea, in practice plagiarizes Tanaka's memorandum and follows the beaten path of the Japanese imperialist aggressors. The Chinese people are maintaining a sharp vigilance over the progress of American imperialist aggression. They have already acquired the experience and learned the lesson from history as to how to defend themselves from aggression. American imperialism has taken the place of Japanese imperialism. Tt is now following the old track of aggression against China and Asia on which Japanese imperialism set forth in 1894-1895, only hoping to proceed with greater speed. But after all, 1950 is not 1895; the times have changed, and so have the circumstances. The Chinese people have arisen. The Chinese people who have victoriously overthrown the rule of Japanese imperialism and of American imperialism and its lackey, Chiang Kai-shek on China's mainland, will certainly succeed in driving out the United States aggressors and recover Taiwan and all other territories that belong to China. In the course of fifty-five years, as a result of the victories of the great socialist October Revolution of the Soviet Union, of the anti-fascist Second World War, and of the great revolution of the Chinese people, all the oppressed nations and peoples of the East have awakened and organized themselves. Regardless of the savagery and cruelty of the American imperialist aggressors, the hard struggling people of Japan, the victoriously advancing people of Viet-Nam, the heroically resisting people of Korea, the people of the Philippines who have never laid down their arms, and all the oppressed nations and peoples of the East will certainly nnite in close solidarity. Yielding neither to the enticements nor to the threats of American imperialism, they will fight dauntlessly on to win the final victory in their struggle for national independence. The armed aggression against the territory of China, Taiwan, and the extension of 1!he aggressive war in Korea by the United States Government have multiplied a thousandfold the Chinese people's hatred and indignation against American imperialism. Since 27 June, the thousands upon thousands of protests against this base act of aggression committed by the United States Government - raised by the various democratic political parties, people's organizations, national minorities, overseas Chinese, workers, peasants, intellectuals, indus- In order to safeguard international peace and security and to uphold the sanctity of the United Nations Charter, the United Nations Security Council has the inalienable dutY to apply sanctions against the United States Government for its criminal acts of armed aggression upon the territory of China, Taiwan, and its armed intervention in Korea. In the name of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, l therefore propose to the Unitecl Nations Security Council: First, that the United Nations Security Council should openly condemn, and take concrete steps to apply severe sanctions against, the United States Government for its criminaI acts of armed aggression against the territory of China, Taiwan, and armed intervention in Korea. Second, that the United Nations Security Council should immediately adopt effective measures to bring about the complete withdrawal by the United States Government of its forces of armed aggression from Taiwan, in order that peace and security in the Pacific and in Asia may be ensured. Third, that the United Nations Security Council should immediately adopt effective measures to bring about the withdrawal from Korea of the armed forces of the United States and all other countries and to leave it to the people of North and South Korea to settle the domestic affairs of Korea themselves, so that a peaceful solution of the Korean question may be achieved. These proposaIs [5/1921] have been translated into English. We request the Secretary-General of the United Nations to distribute them to members of the Security Council, keeping one copy for himself. We as.k that a copy should not be given to the reactionary Kuomintang representative, disowned by the people of China. Finally, l wish to dec1are that the President of the 'Security Council has taken advantage of the fact that the representative of the Central People'~ Governn:~nt has only just arrived at Lake Success and 1S not fam1har with the procedure here and of the fact !hat my g?vernment is still not a member of the Secunty CounC1I. He ML CHAUVEL (France) (translated from French) : On a point of order, Mr. President: l wanted to abide by your ruling that we should not interrupt a speech to raise a point of order. Although l listened with interest to what the representative of the Peking authorities said about Viet-Nam - and l listened with interest because his remarks bear out what the French Government has been saying for some time past, namely that the disturbances in Viet- Nam are only part of a general movement which has led to the aggression against the Republic of Koreal must nevertheless recall that the question of Viet-Nam is not on the agenda. 1t may perhaps be placed on our agenda later on and l may have to deal with it myself. But today it is not on the agenda. l think the representatives of the Peking authorities, who may not be fully cognizant of the Council's procedure, should know that we do not discuss questions which are not on the agenda.

1t is 6 p.m. l suggest that we should adjourn this meeting and meet again tomorrow morning at 10.45 a.m. Are there any objections? ML MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): l should like to refer briefiy to the remarks made by the French representative. The experience of the Security Council shows that the United States and United Kingdom representatives, and the French representative as well, have made it a practice in the Council to refer to various questions and events which they regard as facts, in the discussion of any problems on which they speak in the Security Council. Consequently neither the United States nor the United Kingdom representative, nor indeed the representative of France himself, always keeps to the French representative's statement that references and allusions to questions which are not on the agenda should not be made in official statements. That is how matters really stand. Sir Gladwyn JEBB (United Kingdom): l am not going to pursue this particular' point at this time. l merely wish to suggest that we meet tomorrow afternoon at 3 p.m. instead of 10.30 tomorrow morning. l think the French representative wants to pursue the point raised by the representative of the Soviet Union.

This is probably not the first time during the last few days that the delegation of the People's Republic of China has found ottt that it is not always advisable to have advocates. Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated fram Russian): ln life it is better to have advocates than traitors. ln reply to the French representative, Mr. Chauvel, 1 must say that 1 had to elucidate the matter in view of his attempts to mislead those who are not sufficiently well acquainted with the rules of procedure. 1 have the right to do so, like any other member of the Security Counci1.

1 trust Mr. Malik will allow me to have my own personal opinion as to the interpretation of the words "loyalty" and "treason". Are there any objections to the proposaI made by the United Kingdom representative that our next meeting should be tomorrow afternoon instead of in the morning as 1 had suggested? Mr. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated fram Russian): 1 support the proposaI of the United Kingdom representative.

One delegation has spoken in favour of the proposaI made by the United Kingdom representative and there have been no objections. There seems to be a general agreement therefore that the Council should meet tomorrow afternoon at 3 p.m. If no one wishes to speak, 1 shall consider that it has been so decided. The meeting rase at 6.5 p.m. • Priee in the United Printed in Canada