S/PV.55 Security Council

I want to draw the attention of the members 'of the Council to the fact that the reply of the Mongolian People's Republic has been distributed. M. russe) tion du J'estime servalité tian n'est senter résolution rique. Ml'.. GROMYKO (Soviet Union) (translated from Russian): I do not want ta dwell at length on the question of the universality of the 01'- ganization. I think that a discussion of the principles of universality would take us too far today, and it seems ta me that the question now is not one of present interest. 1 will confine my- . self ta a single observation on the resolution put forward by the representative of the United States of America, l cannot agree that we should adopt resolutions for the wholesale admission to the 01'- ganization of aIl countries who have applicd for . membership. Countries cannot be regarded as things and deaIt with in accordance with a standard measure. When we discuss the ques· tion of admission to the Organization, we are bound to discuss each concrete application sepa· rately, taking into consideration aIl the facts and circumstanèes relating ta the application in question. For this reason I am unable to agree with the proposaI of the United States repre· sentative that the Security Council should adopt a resolution for the wholesale admission of aIl eight countrics to the Organization. For the reasons I have aIready stated, it would be wrong ta propose the resolution rec- , Olnmended by the United States representative from the point of view of the method of procedure for solving this question. 1 repeat that the question of admission is a very complex and serious one. For this reason we cannat at one stroke take a decision to admit aIl eight countries without discussing each application from these countries separately. The Security Coucil would make a mistake if it adopted the method Je ne mettre les pays traiter appliquant tant du d'examiner culière, toutes pourquoi du représentant Conseil huit pays. Compte résolution Unis n'est de la procédure tions de titue un C'est pourquoi d'admettre miner Conseil adoptait tant des '. rccommended by the United States representa- '·tive. Ml'. HASLUCK (Australia): The Australian delegation will wish, during the course of the M. glais): For the time being we are not discussing the merits but simply the method that is proposed for the admission of candidates. The instructions l have from my Government are to oppose the United States resolution. That resolution has been supported mainly by refcrcnce to the doctrine of universality. We respect the doctrine of universality, and we also share the hope that one day ail nations of the world will be joined together in the United Nations, working for the aims of the United Nations. But, having said that, we would wish to be clearly understood that we do not think that universality means that you admit any applicant at any time. Wc understand the Charter to mean that applicant States must satisfy, and clearly satisfy, the criteria laid down in the Charter before they can be admitted to membership. As we see it is. the responsibility of the Security Council exaffiine those applications. For reasons with which aU my colleagues on the Council will be thoroughly familiar, the Australian delegation thinks that the Security Councilhas been rather premature in conducting that examination. But, leaving that procedural argument aside for the moment, we would stand simply on. the point that the Security Council has this responsibility ta examine the applicants, and in our view that responsibility has not been sufficiently discharged by the work of the Committee which was appointed ta prepare the report which is now before us. That report, if it is closely examined, will be found to contain quite a number of objections, very substantial objections, ta a number of the applicants. That report raises the doubt whether the action of one of the candidates in regard respect for treaties is of such a character as qualify it as a country able and willing carry out its responsibilities under the Charter. That report also raises questions whether certain countries are in fact independent. That report expresses doubt as to whether the mem- .bers of this Security Council are in possession of sufficient knowledge to enable them to pronounce upon the merits of another candidate. There are various other objections raised in the course of that report, and the question that occurs to us is: have those doubts been in any way resolved? cision~ on certain matters, mainly political matters, were being deferred for decision by this Council, and one anticipated that those extra clccisions woulcl be made in the light of sorne further consideration, in the light of some further information presented to this body. Another indication that some sort of examination by this Council was anticipated is in the fact that two Members of the United Nations, Grcece and Yugoslavia, have applied to this Security Council to be heard, when this Council considers the particular application in which they arc interested and it seems to us that those two Mcmbers of the United Nations have a right to be heard, or at least havé a right ta have this Council eonsider whether their interests are sa closely affetted that they should be invited ta participate in our work when we are considering the particular application in which they are înterested. But DOW, apparently, we propose, without further examination, without even considering whether these two Members of the United Nations should be invited to participate, to admit aIl the applicants en bloc. ' In short, the position is that a day or two ago there were doubts. Now apparently there are no doubts. It is not for us to question the motives of any of our colleagues on the Council. It is not for us to try to explore the minds of any other representatives at this table. But, speaking frankly, what is in our mind is that we ~ould say that the only merits that might be clalffied for the United States proposaI are, firstly, that it gives an easy way out, and secondly, .that it avoids sorne difficulties coneérning the nght of veto. We think neither of those reasons is substantial enough nor are they of a ch~racter t~at should be taken into account. by thIs Councl!. It cer- Now, as l have tried to make plain, l am not trying to explore the motive of those who have supported this application. 1 have spoken of the only two advantages that might be claimed for it, and those advantages seem to us to be sa sIender and to hide so many difIiculties for the United Nations that we cannat entertain them. In our view, the taking of the easy way may, in fact, lead to greater difficulties. It also seems ta us that there must come a time in the work of this Council when we should be prepared ta face the hard way and try to deal with cases on, their merits and make a decision in accardance with the information that is placed before us, rather than ta make a decision which may allow us ta avoid a certain amount of difficulty. There is another aspect of this question which 1 will not elaborate, because at a later stage in a difIerent context 1 hope to be able to say sorne· thin~ on it. It is our weIl known view that the primary responsibility in regard ta the admission of Members rests 'with the General Assembly) and it is aIsa our view that this Security Council has not followed the correct procedure in proceeding in the way it has. But) leaving that aside for the moment, 1 think it does remain quite . c1car that the General Assembly will make the final decision on these applicants, and it is our view that the General Assembly does not wish to receive, and will not be helped by receiving, one big package tied in ribbons and asked ta be forwarded to the propel' destination. The General Assembly will want to undo the package. The General Assembly will want to look at each of these ca~~s on its merits) and it would, we think, assist the the General Assembly if this Security Council would also attempt to deal singly and separately with each of these cases on its merits. It js for these reasons that the Australian delegation opposes the United States proposaI to admit the cight applicant States en bloc. Ml'. HstA (China): l have list'ened with interest ta the earnest and eloquent appeals made We support the resolution for the fol1owing l'casons: The conception of the universality has a strong appeal for the Chinese Government. This i8 not an exclusive club or closed corporation for any special interests. Ours is an Organization whose primary purpose is to maintain international peace and security. In this task, we require and invite the moral and material support of every peace-loving nation. So long as a candidate fulfils the qualifications laid down in the Charter that State should be made weIcome. In supporting this resolution our delegation does not propose to set up this procedure to be a preçedent, that we will admit every State that applies for admission in the future. In our country we have an old custom that on the first clay a store opens business, that store accepts with grace whatever price the first customers may wish to pay. We will make this year the first year of grace. The Chinese delegation wishes to say something about Mongolia's application for the purpose of the record. The Chinese representative on the Committee on the admission of New Members made a statement while the application of the Mongolian People's Republic was under examination. It might have given the impression that my Government was opposed to the application. This was not the case, What he clid was to submit certain criteria ta the Committee for the Admission of New Members. Hesuggested that it would be desirable if each candidate not only professes to be peaceloving and willing to carry out the obligations under the Charter but also has shown tangible evidence thereof through its diplomatie, economic, and cultural contacts and relations wjth other Member States. This principle, l venture to observe, has received the direct and indirect endorsement of severa! members of the Committee. We are now happy to receive the replies from the Mongolian People's Republic, which we hope will remove whatever doubts wc have entertained. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom) : My Governmentas much as any other, l think, is impressed with the desirability of making this Ml'. VAN KLEFFENS (Netherlands): 1 only want to say that if the American resolution is put ta a vote l shaH vote in favour Qf it, not that l do not sec the inconvenicnces thercof, but bceause l think that the advantages of voting in favour of the Ameriean draft resolution out~ wcigh thc clisaelvantages. On the other hand, if that resolution were not carried and if all the applièations arc taken up seriatim, l sha11 fcel frce to make the opinion of my Government known with regard ta each of them, Mr. JOHNSON (United States of America): It is apparent from the remarks which have been made by certain of my co11eagues on the United States proposai that it does not finel full acceptancc in the Council. l regret that l am obliged to say that if the United States proposai is not carried, 1shall have ta reserve the position 1 will take on individual. countries in the detailec1 consideration of those countries. Ml'. GROMYKO (Soviet Union) (translated from Russian): The discussion of the United States proposai has shown that this proposai cannat be acceptcd by the Security Council. In these circumstanccs it seems ta me that it would be senscless ta put this rcsolution to the vote, since wc know beforehand' that it cannat be adoptcd. It secms to me that this conclusion is absolutcly logical in view of the situation as it is. In the light of such a situation, does not the United States represcntativc consider it expedient to withdraw his resolution, knowing that there can be no positive decision on it? If he were ta do so, the Security Council would proceed to one vote less and would perhaps save the time rcquired for the discussion of the re- 1 maining questions. ' Ml'. FAWZI (Egypt): When, in the name of my Governmcnt, l expressed support for the proposaI made by the representative of the United States it was, as my colleague of the Netherlands has clearly expressed it, that the advantages of that proposai far outweighed, to Our minci, any possible disadvantages as ta the merits of cach application made for membership in the United Nations. Thcrefore, in the name Ml'. JOHNSON (United States of America) : l am agrceable ta accepting the suggestion of the representative of the Soviet Union to withcIraw ml' motion. l am particularly ready and willing ta acccpt that suggestion because it cornes from him, and as it is 'luite evident that it would be the vote of the Soviet Union which would block the passage of this resolution, l thercfore withclraw il. Ml'. HASLUCK (Australia): If 1 understand that wc arc now about to p'1ss from the general clebate on the COIl1miUce's report, l should like to say something bricfly bdorc wc do so. There arc t'NO points ta which l shoulcl like to clraw attention on bchalf of the Australian Government. Firstly, to the rcservation which the Australian rcprcscntative made concerning this report, and to ask that that rc:servation be writtcn illto the records of the Secllrity Couneil. If ml' request to have it written into the records of the Counci! is agrcecl to, it would save me bath the trouble and ml' callcaglles' patience, of having to listcn to me rcad it again here. 1 That is the first general observation. The second poillt refers to al! the applications. In the view of the Allstralian Government, the making of these applications was not, in ail cases, as formai and as satisfactory as it might have been. vVe would cIraw attention to the fact that under the Charter, which wc signed at San Francisco, the original Members of the United Nations expressed their aclherence to the Charter in a very formai manner, and that signature of the Charter was later endorsed by ratification in accordancc \Vith their respective constitutional proccsses. The Charter itsclf also requires, in our estimation, that new Members aclll1itted should be required to ratify the Charter bcfore they arc admitted fully to mell1bership. We think then that the applications which they made in thG first place should have been made in each case in a form which inc1icated that the application was macle with the full authority, of the consti~ tutional body entitled to empower any applicant State to make application. We also think that when a decision is made regarding admission, and it has been agreed to admit a new Member, the new Member should be required to go through formaI acts of adherence which would be comparable to the formai acts which were performed by the original Members of the United Nations. 1 place this on record now, because at the Mr. JOHNSON (United States of America) : 1 must express the deep regret and grave concern of my Govermnent over the devclopment in the Council which has resulted in what, in our' view, is the loss or rejection of the fair and wise way ta apply the Charter provisions as to membership. My Government is, however, determined to minimize the adverse results of this rejection ta the fullest extent possible. It does not propose to agree to what is, in its judgt)1ent, an arbitrary use of power td bring about the rejection of clearly qualified applicants and the admission of douhtful applicants. That, in our opinion would be contrary ta the best interests of the United Nations. The Committce on the Admission of New Members of the Security Council is composed of a representative of each member of the Council. It is, therefore, a Committee of the Whole. This Committee is established pursuant to the rules of procedure ta provide what was thought by the Councîl ta be an effective machinery for the examination of applications and report thereon to the Council. It was clearly contemplated that problems s~en by the members in connection with any application should be brought forward in t,his Committee of the Whole sa that an opportunity would exist for clarifying the issues, and if possible removing doubts, in advance of the formaI proceedings in the Council. The record· of the proceedings of the Committee leaves no room for douht that the prohlems connected with the applications of Albania, and the Mongolian People's Repuhlic were raised by my Gavernment and athers at the proper time and place, that is, during consideration of the applications by the Committce. The difIiculties raised pertained directly to the qualifications of the. two applicants as measured by the Charter. Since then little has been brought forward by either of the two applicants, or by the permanent member who so strongly sponsored their applications, to remove the grounds for our misgivirigs. When the applications of Ireland and Portugal were considered no substantial questions concerning their qualifications under the Charter were raised by any member. The representative of the Soviet Union merely stated that the Soviet Union could not support their admission. This attitude has been maintained aîthough it has not been attended by any explanation iri terms of the Charter as to why the The result would be ta make the membership of the United Nations unrepresentative of the qualified States of the world. The world will not understand why in its first consideration of new Members the United Nations should choose to admit the doubtful and reject the qualified. Such a precedent would be most unfortunate. My Government must, therefore, propose that in the circumstarices, the Council does not recommend at this time the admission of Albania and the Mongolian People's Republic. We should dislike ta cast an adverse vote. However, if other members insist on bringing these two applications ta a vote we shall have ta vote against bath applications. l therefore move that the Council take no action at this time on the applications of Albania and the Mongolian People's Republic. ,!,he PRESIDENT: l recognize the representatlVe of the Soviet Union. ~ay l ask him one question? l think itÏs deSlrable that we confine our discussion now ta ML GROMYKO (Soviet Union) (translated from Russian): 1 did not propose to say anything more, and 1 speak only because the last remarks of the United States representative have obliged me to do so. Apparently the United States representative did not wish to wait for the discussion of individual applications. Apparently he did not have enough patience for that, and from a general discussion he went on to cliscuss the applications of individual countries, expressing his opinion on them although the general discussion was not yet concluded.· 1 protest against aIl attempts ta represent the matter as though the opinion of any single Government on such questions were the opinion of a sort of arbiter. The United States Government took a certain decision in connection with this question which it regards as right. But other Governments are not bound to agree with the opinion of the United States Government. Ml'. Johnson said that a very unplcasant situation had been brought about-I give the sense of his words-in connection with the fact that sorne countries deserving ta be admitted ta the Organization cannot be admitted owing to the objections of the representatives of sorne other countries. 1 <;:annot regard the opinion of ML Johnson as the opinion of a sort of arbiter who considers that aH countries submitting applications deserve ta be .admitted to the Organization. The representatives of certain other countries consider that some countries may be admitted and some may not. Such a conclusion may be drawn with equally weighty reasons. The United States representative went even' further. He set about explaining the motives of the Soviet representative-perhaps he wanted ta help me-which were expressed by him in the Committee in regard ta certain applications. We have not yet reached that point, however. When we do, 1 will state my attitude toward the applications. Ml'. PARODI (France) (translated trom French): 1 have foHowed with great attention the discussion which has just taken place. MyJ . Government would have been in favour of the proposaI of the United States delegate, not on the grounds of any principIe of universality which, it seems ta me, must be accepted with sorne reservation, for although we should aH like to see as many States as possible joining the United Nations, they must, of course, fulfil the conditions laid down in the Charter. The principle of universality cannot therefore lead automatically ta the admission of applicant States. The grounds on which 1 would have slIPported the American proposaI are the following: my Government is of the opinion that the vari· ous ,applicant States, 1 am not of course includ- \ This procedure would of course be open to the objection that it might be said that the. Security Council is hedging when its dutY is ~o take a decision on the question submitted to lt. But a decision to postpone this matter, as 1 am proposing, whilst having the character of a decision for the General Assembly which is to meet in a month's time, would not eonstitutea deeision of final rejection but an adjournment without special reference ta one or other State and would mean that the Security Council MI'. GROMYKO (Soviet Union) (translated fram Russian): It was decided at the beginning of today's meeting that our discussion should be divided into two parts: the first part was to be devoted to the discussion of general questions and would be of a general nature, and the second part would be devoted to concrete applications from countrÏcs wishing to become jVfembcrs of the United Nations. Secondly, it is hard for me to agree with ML Parodi's proposaI, because l cannat imagine how you can decide at aU whether a country descrvcs to be admitted to the United Nations or ~ot, without discussing that country's applicatIOn. l do not know how you can reach a ri~ht dccis!on in. regard to a concrete application wlthaut dlscussmg that application. :r11e U~ited States represeritative stated at tIns mornmg's meeting that the United States Gov~rnment ma.intained the point of view that ail elght countnes deserved to be admitted to the United Nations, taking into aceount obviousIy all the circumstances and conditions known to the United States Government. At :h~~ present mee,ting of the Security Council, fVIC1ently foreseemg that some members of the Security.Council wouId object to th,e admission of ~crtam States to the United Nations the UllItcd States repres.entative declared with perfeet sang-froid that he too would object to the proposaI. to admit sorne of the countries who had apphed for admission. In asserting that all the cOlintries deserved to be admitted and at the same ti~lC: declaring that he would object ~o the admiSSIOn of SOrne of them he h' If III 1 JO" ,Imse e Il ~('s 111 mconslstency aIld h's . . . , [' 1 pOsItIOn IS contrae lctory. l consider that the Security Cou '1 h Id ke'PI t tl 1 " nCI s ou .. ,. ) .0 le eeCISlOn which wc agreed upon th' l:lOrnmg ;. namely, that mter a general discu~~ sIon. wc should procced ta consider ca h li . t' 1 c app- ~.! IOn separatc y and to exchange opinions on It. Only sl1ch a procedure is the correct 11:0\: ca~ YOI1 solve the question without o~~~ (~lSSlllg It at the meeting of the S . Ccnmeil? ecunty MI'. JOHNSON (United States of Am ' ), l do not wish to prolong thl's dOs . enca . .k' . c .• 1 cusslon or ta Ill.! ?over-Inlportant something which 1 d UHlSlder of great consequence. ~But l feel t~a~ot must make some sIight comment in d l the accusation of inconsistency h' hreyar to une représentant re.~cIltati\.'c of the So~ie~ Union 'hvas~cl t lUe drep- 111(' l tl' k 1 . eVe e at '; ~: . 1l11~ t le rcpresentative of the S . t t'IllU1! Iras pcrhaps misunderstood what 1 oV~de SaI • ------ Furthermore, l would like to refer to an earlier remark of the representative of the Soviet Union which again has no importance for me .but is a matter of the record. In my declaration made after lunch, in our second session, l did not wish to associate my declaration with the first part of this discussion or have any intention of doing so; that is, the discussion of the general report. l was under the genuinely mistaken belief that the discussion of the general report had closed and that my declaration was the first statement made under the second part. Ml'. FAWZI (Egypt): The proposaI made by the French representative is composed of two parts; the first, regarding the three countries about which we can reach, or hope to attain unanimity. The other concerns the five other applications. We may do weIl, if it is agreeable to the Council, by starting to consider the three countries about which we may reach or can ~ope now to reach unanimity; namely, Afghan- Istan, lceland and Sweden. This may have the advantage of giving us a littlê more time to c.onsider what to do with the other five applicatIons. Concerning the second part of the proposaI of my French coIleague, l would not like to express myself at this stage.

We have now before us a proposa! stated by the representative of Egypt eoncermng the order of our discussion of the particular countries. This reaIly carries us into t~e second part of our discus~ion, that of partIcular countries, and l should' like to know first w~ether l can consider the general discussion as fimshed. If so, l shaH pass to the discussion of the particular applicants, and we may start, in such case, with the. discussion of the proposaI of Mr. GROMYKO (Soviet Union) (translated from Russian): l do not object to this, since we have already proceeded ta discuss individual appliçations, in view of the fact that the general discussion is concluded. In regard to the order of discussion of individual applications they shoulcl he discllssed in the order in which they \Vere receivccl by the Secretary-General. As far as l lmow, in cxamining these applications the Committce diseussed them in the same order. l have no neecl to assuremy Egyptian collcaglle that wc are boum) in the eourse of the discussion tn come ta the three countries to which he rcfers and by the method which l proposee!.

The last two representatives to spcak have indicated indirectly but clearly that the general discussion is already in fact d,oseel, ,and thc:reforc l shal! declarc the general thSCUSSlO11 closed, and thank the Chairman of the Commillee for the Admission of New Members, for his statcment and he/p, 21. Consideration of individual applications

We have now the question of lhe diITcrent applications, and we have heard two reprcscntatives spcak on the matter of the order of the discussion. l pcrsonally think thnt it would be more desir- :tble if.wc just take the countries up in the order 111 wlu;h the)' have been prcscntecl, because o~hcrw!se l am aIraid wc may again get into a ci!scusslOn concerning order and lose' a half h,our or morc, If the repr~seIltative of Egypt ~aIlts to present a l'esolutIOn about the partl::1I1ar,orcler, oI Course it will bc submitted to the CouIIC1l. Nrr. FAWZI (Egypt): l have no resolution to present for the time being. l wanted first to be dear as tn Oltr decision whether we arc going t~ takc aIl the eight applications iuto co 'd tICn S" n81 cra- ) no\\'. ,Olt 1S premature t ,. l' .' 0 present any nso utlon before deciding al)Ollt th' , , 1 . 'f '15 part1Cu ar r~mt',li;~C are to ncccpt the idea first presentecl J} m}.I Icnch col!eaglle; ta begin by stud in or takmg U!Hier our considerat'lon th thY g , l'," e 'ree apI'. ICatlOl1s of Sweden Iceland d Af h '[ 'f ' , an g an- IS aIl; or 1 wc shaH take the cight applic t' togcthcr, a lOns

The reprcsentatl've f F }-1 ., a rance l,tS mat c a proposaI which rc Il f tl' 'h-h . a y goes much ur ,H; t,th t e proposaI raiscd b the re _ licntatlvc of EI'\!Ilt 'lI1d ther' h YI b pre " , r:)J " e ave a sa een ob Jt<:tlOllS cxpressctl in the Council to the proposai Ml'. PAROD! (Francc) (/rallslall't! IrOn! French): l Silbmitted illY pnlposal in the form of a simple suggestion, you Illight l'ven say in the form of a cruestion to the nH:lllbcrs of the Council, in tlll: hope that they would support it. Bllt having regard tn thc attitude adoptcd by 0111' collcaguc, ~ 1r. Grcmlyko, it wOllld now seem that this proposaI w[JIIld not meet with the requisitc ulHlnimomi \"lJte and in thcse circumstances, l do not think t1lat any usdul purposc would be servcd br taking a vote. The PRESInE:>iT: 'Vould it he agrccahle tllcn to the reprcf;(,lltatiYc of Egypt if wc cliscmsed the clilTerent countril's proposctl in thcir chronological arder, IInl~ss he wanls to make a motion on that? Ml'. FAWZI (Eg'ypt): It has hccn the l'Ille foll.owed 11)' this Council to prncccd by alp1labctIcal order. The diHercnt applications were recei"cd--somc of lhclll were reœi\'(~d eYl~n during the meetings of the COillmittec on l\fcmbership, This is a malter of accident. l do Ilot sec now any serions rcason why wc shoultl change the general l'Ille of cxaminin 1r the c\iffcrcnt aI)-' plications according tü the "'clIstolllary procedure of this COllncil. Sa l alll now prescnting. a resolution in the following sense: < "The Security COllncil will consider the applications for lllclllbership accorcling to the English alphabctical orcier of the n;llles of the applicant countrics,"

l would rather want ta avoid voting on sneh a small crLlcstion as ta the arder of taking up the discussion of the different countries. A certain order \Vas accepted in the Committee's report, and l cio not think wc shoul.d change il unless there is special need. But If. the represmtative of Egypt wants the CounCll to vote on a l'l'solution of that kind l will accept that. ' .Mr. FAWZI (Egypt): There may he still, in spIle o! YoUl' valuable explanation, some conslderatlOn which woulcl make it preferable to proceed according to the alphabetical order as suggested. If the Committee f01l0ws a different o~'der, l aIready explaincd the reason why it dl~ 50. It simply happened during theCommlttee's meetings that some more applications were r~ceived. In any case it was not for the Commlttee to tell this Council how ta proceed about examining the different applications.

If l understand rightly then, we hav~ a motion of the representative of Egypt to :onslder the countries in their English alphabetleal order. Are the members of the Council Ml'. GROMYKO (Soviet Union) (translated trom Russian) : This question is not a very fundamental one, but nevertheless, l fail ta sec any reason why we should not adopt the arder examination which was adopted in the Committce and which is the logical one. The Committce examined applications in the order which they were received. The proposaI examine the applications in alphabetical order lcads to the reflection whether this proposaI right. Why, for instance, fol~ow the English alphabetical order, andnot the French, Russian, Chinese or Spanish? Moreover, should one write: Albania or the People's Republic Albania; Mongolia, or the People's Republic of Mongolia? Thus, there is a doubt as to the rightness of the alphabetical arder. Although this question is not a fundamental one, never· theless, it would be desirable to retain the arder that was adopted in the Committee, and would beg the delegate of Egypt not ta insist on his proposaI; we may thus save a certain amount of time. Ml'. FAWZI (Egypt): In view of the very limited time at our disposaI, l am willing withdraw my proposaI, but may l be allowed ta make a little rcmark in connection with what l have already said and in connection with what my eolleague from the Soviet Union said just now. As for the English alphabetical arder, l am subject ta correction. l had thought that this was the usual procedure followed. This may not have been so. lf the representative of the Soviet Union is wondering about the exact denomination name with which we shall call each country, fortunately for all concerned this has already been discussed and, ta sorne extent, decided by the Committee itself. We said that we should em. play the name that was used in the application for membership. If you think it necessary in arder ta shorten the discussion, l am quite willing ta withdraw my proposaI.

l want ta thank the representative of Egypt for his contribution in saving time, which l appreciate very much, because we l'eally are working under a time limit, which is tomorrow evening. This time limit has been imposed on us by the mIes of procedure. We shall, therefor'e, discuss the countries the arder indicated in the report. l should like to make one general request to aIl the members of the Couneil, a request which again is dictated by the time limit under which wc operate. l fully understand that each member will want ta make the views of his delegation fully known before votes are takcn. However, l should like also to remind the members of this Council that substantially most of the views have been already expressed in the report of the Committee 22. Discussion on admission of Albania

The first country applying for membership on our list is the People's Republic of Alballia, which made its application on 25 Janllary 194·6. In connection with this application, l want to reael to the Council two letters which have bcell rcceivccl. One letter is from the permanent reprcsentative of Greece to the United Nations, Ml'. Dendramis. It is dated 21 August and reads as fol1ows: "Sir: Furthcr to the report of the Committee which has been asked to consider applications from States wishing to become Members of United Nations, the Security Council will shortly be called upon to discuss the application 01 Albania. Since the question of Albania's admission on which the Security Council will have to come ta a decision is a matter special1y affecting the intcrests of my country, l have the honour under instructions from my Government ta ask you to be good enough ta inform the President and other members of the Security Conncil that, under Article 31 of the Charter, Greece is requesting ta be. inviteel ta participate in the discussions of the Secllrity Council on this matter. l have the honour ta be ... (signed) V. DENDRAMIS." The other letter is dated 27 August and is Irom Ml'. Pavle Lukin, acting chief of the permanent Yugoslav deIcgation ta the United Nations. The letter reads as follows: "Sir: Vpon instruction of the' Government of the Federal Peoplcs Republic of Yugoslavia may l renew the request made on 11 February 1946 (S/8) 1 regarding the admission of the representative of Yllgoslavia ta the meeting of the Security Council on which the admission of Albania will be discussed. The undersigned will be the representative of Yugoslavia to that meeting. (signed) P. LUIoN." Ml', GROMYKO (Soviet Union) (translated from Russian): Immediately aIter Albania's ,application for membership to the United Na- Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom);' May l raise a point of order? l am sorry to interrupt, but it seems ta me that we never took a decision on the request-we were to have gone into these two requests made to us on b.ehaH of the Grcek and Yugoslav representa- üves, to he presentat this discussion. It seems to mc that the discussion of Albania has already begun and wc ought to make a decision on tç.at first beforc wc go any further. The PIŒSIDENT: l agree with the representative of the United Kingdom,' and unless the Coun~il objects, l shall simply ask the representatIves of Greece and Yugoslavia ta come to the table. 1 would want to ask whether there is uny objection now. It secms that the Council agrees unanimously and l shaH thercfore ask the rcpresentatives of Grcecc and Yugoslavia to come ta the table. , .(,A~r. Vauili n,endramis~ rejJresentative of (""el,C, a?ld Air. 1 avle Lukm, rejJresentative of YugoslrWIa, thm assumed their seats at the . CDuncil taMe.) , front, ba~ian. National Liberation Army was created, whlch m the same year liberated the town of Leskovik and cut the road to Greece, thereby rendering substantial aid ta the Greek people fighting against the fascist occupation forces. Detachments of the Albanian National Lib- 'eration Army carried on the struggle not only against the Italian troops but also againstthe German troops who Ïnvaded the territory of Albania in 194·3. In spite of the combined attempts of the German and 1talian Army Commands to annihilate the Albanian National Liberation Army, the latter, in 1943-1944-, in . the COUrse of the struggle against the regular fascist occupation forces, also liberated districts such as Permet, Klisura, Tepelini, Pogradets and others. In the ranks of the Albanian army in 1944 the number of men already amouhted to 70,000. Their heroic operations may be compared with the brave struggle of the partisan armies in neighboring Yugoslavia and with the widespread partisan warfare carried on in the enemy's rear by the Soviet partisans in the western regions of the Soviet Union. The opera:- tions ofthe Albanian National Liberation Army 'Constantly tied down from three to five crack German divisions num~bering 100,000 men who in other circumstances might have been used on other sectors of the huge front, including Greece. . Neither Italian bayonets, nor the quisling rulers set up in Albania with their aid, were able ta check this struggle of the Albanian pop- :ulation against the invaders. Rather than submit to IflScist rule the people preferred to flee into the mountains and to create there more and more partisan detachments. The efforts ofrtalian fascism to turn Albania into an Italian province were of no avail. The reason for this was the courageous and resolute resistance to these efforts by the Albanian people, who fought for their national liberation and believed, like the la hisseur. le où il ments italien italienne virile tait comme IIH'IL The Josses of the Germans alone were :!(,,:,llG kilkd, 21,2'15 wounded and 5,300 cap- 111Jed, III the ycar 1944 alone the Albanians dei'll'oyrd mille 200 enemy stores, captured l ,~l;() machinc-gulIs, 539 mortars, 80 guns and lIlIII'h other military cquipment. . 1'!aturally, enormous material damage was IIIfhcted 011 A,lbania by the enemy occupation and she smta1l1ed great lasses in human lives. According ln ofTicial information, 50,000 parti- ~ans ancl civilians were killed. 1'0,000 partisans and ahollt 48,000 civilians were imprisoned or ~('nt l~) ('ml(:enlra~jo~ camps in Gerrnany.The matcnal damage mfhcted on Albania by Fascist Italy alone arnounls to the sum of 684214000 U, S. dollars. ' , .,\Ihauia is lIow doing her utmost ta heal the gncnHls. \\'(llll~(ls inflicted upon her by the en. CillY· ,hl!' lius rcason it is natural that the Albaman J1l'Ople and their democratic GovernllIent shoulel wish to join their efforts with t,h(~:e. of the nt?er p(~ac~-Ioving peoples, who ul'ltul the Umted NatIOns Organization for tlte Jlllrpnse of prevcnting the repetition of an- (~~I~eJ' .tr;~gcdy f~lI' humanity, for the purpose of tst,t1Jbsluug' a hrm and durable peacc. l wish t? t'xl!l'cssthe hopc that ail the members of the S::',lIrli y COllncil wil! snpport Albania's ap li- L,tlOn for memhcrs!Jlp of the United Natitns, . .7\fr. J(~m.;;\O~ (lJnited States of America): ,\s l '''lI ((1 when wc reopenecl this session after l~uHh. 1 :nn cxtrenwly re\nctant ta cast a nega- !l\'l; 'ok for Alh:lIlia. l, thcrdore, venture to nl\ Ill' yonr attentlOI1 to the faet tha.t at the end of tliat.statl'IlH'llt. l l~lIJvcd that the COllncil take HO a(~lOl1 at tIns, tUlle on the applicalion of AlI,lilllla a,nd the Mone;olÎ'ln I1enple's R bl' l,,· .fI'" ,epu IC iLL.tIJ:'I'. l , mnst vote, il would have ta b ~H'?;atl\c vote at lhi, time, BcfoJ'e wc proc~e~ ,tn)' [mthl'J' 011 the disCII~sl'()n of AlI ' l l' "", , ':1. )ama (':LVI' 111 yom hands whethn vou want to l ' tll\' Vnt' , . ' lave , '.' l' (III my 1II(!t10n lIOW or after all the dl~( 'I.~SI"lI on :\Ibaula. 'l'lu: PHESHlEN1': If r IInderstand th f>,"llt "1 tl\' . t'II {" 1 e repre- " ',' L fl le) 1111('( Sl'Llr's Ile '. k' l'," . 1 '" , ., .• lS ma mg a 'HIl'" HIntIlIII to postpone-,I do not know

'J'he Ill'xt rq)ll~st'l1talÎ\'e asking' for recn,trnition is the repn'scnt:ttÎvl' of the United King-tInm. ll'owt'\Tr. \wforc l ask him ta speak, l would want 10 taki' up the prnposaI of the rcpresl'ntatin'. o[ tlll' United Slatt's and ask whctlicr t!Jerc are an\' OhSIT\'ations 011 that specifie prohkm, Of t'Olll':se, illY (JlH'stinn is also dircctctI to the reprt'sentativi'. of Ihe Uniled Kingdolll. 1 cio not want to c1epri\"(: him of a chance to spt'ak, hut 1 think it wnuld he clesirablc if wc coule! COl]('('ntrate on that pal'tÎC"lllaI' issue l'aised by the n:pn':;elltalivl~ nf the United States. Sir Alexander CAnonA:>: (Unit('d Kil1gdnm) : Whcn 1 asked to :;peak, 1 \l'as illlt'nding to say a few worcls, and a fc\\' worth; l'ml)', in 1"('SJlOnsl' to. yonl' appeal for hrevity, 011 the Alhanian apphcation, as l thought the t1i:;t'llssion of that application Ilnd ]wg'lln. If, howenr, 11('[01'(' cnntinuing with that discllssion, \\"(~ are ln take a decision on the propnsal made hl' the United Statcs repl'cscntati",~ that the applicationfi nf Albania and tlll~ 1fon,t{olian Peoplr"s RI'{Hlhlic shoulcl be defcl'retI, mal' Tsay that T alll l't'ady to enc\orse that proposaI. ~he PRESIDENT: Th,: repr('sentativc of the UllltCc! States askcc1 fol' postpnnel11Cllt, not nf the c!isclISsion but of action, as l understand it. MI'. JOHNSON (United Stales of America): Of action. The PrŒsIDENT: 1 scarcdv IHl\'e had time to give th~ught to the pl'opo~'ial, SOI11C two or three mmutes only. My impression is that it woulc! be very difIicult to discllss the Clucstion ?f postponemcnt of action now without disellssmg the w~ole issue, ~I'Iy personal impression, ~hercfore, IS that it might be the best course JUs~ to ~o 0~1 with the discussion of Alballia, WhlCh WIll glve us the matcrial on the basis of which wc can decide whcthcr we rccommencl Albania, as a Member, or whethcr wc refuse ta recommend, or postpone action. If that is agreeable ta the representativc of the United Statcs, 1 think 1 woulel just continue the general discussion, Ml'. JOHNSON (United States of America): My Governl11ent would hope fol' and would

In this case, l'shall ~uggest that wc discuss the application of Alballla, and at tllf~ end of (hat discussion, take into consideration the motion of the representative of the United States, or any othcr motion which may he made. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom) : Now (hat we have come to a discussion of the particuJar case of Albania, l fecl bound to say, frankly, (hat at present my Government feels unable to support Albania's application, In saying that, l want to recall that q~ite apart from othef, as it seems to us, disquahficatlOns, wc have our own particular difficulty with the Govcrnment of Albania, and the circumstanccs of (hat have been c1early set out at great length and detail in the Experts Committee, and that report of the Experts Committee is now public propcrty, l will not, therefore, weary the Council with a repetition of a11 the arguments thnt have nlready bcen made. Ml'. IhNDRAlIIIS (Greece) (translated trom French): l should like ta thank the Security COllncil for granting our request ta be invited tn state the Greek case in the discussion of a question directly affecting Greece. In sa doing the COllBcil has aeted in conformity with the spirit and the letter of the Charter under which rn{~mbcrship in the United Nations is open ta peare-Inving States which acccpt the obligations cOBtained in the Charter and are able and \Villing tn carry out these obligations. The Chartr:r also pt'Ovides that each nation sha11 undcrtake to co-operate in promoting and enmuraging respect for human rights and for fundamcntal frecdoms for ail without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion. My country which, even after the expulsion of the Axis forces, 18 still technically at war with Albania, is asking the Security Council that Alhania shanIci not be admitted as a Member of the Unitni Nations sa long as the frontier questions bctwccn Grcece and Albania have not bcen srttlcd, so long as normal relations b~:twccn the twn countrics have not been establisl1ed and sa long as Albania has not givcn eviekllo: that she: is a peace-Ioving State able and willing to carry out international ~bligations ;md ta respect human rights. . terre, en du a l'Axe prétend. l'empire italien, l'Albanie aurait attitude si n'est vraiment pas possible d'apercevoir comment elle nellement Tirana bre deux l'Article It has bccn said that the army of national libcration containccl 70,000 Albanians. What wcre these 70,000 Albanian anti-Fascists doing WhCll the Italians landecl at Durazzo? Why did they not ofTer any resistance then, when, according ta the same source, these 70,000 Albanians Jater on succeeded in killing 53,000 Gcrmans and wounding over 22,000? Why dicl they not behave as wc did; we replied with a Hat "No" ta the Italian ultimatum. \Var was declarccl in the name of Albania not only by King Victor Emmanuel but also by the Albaniall parliament which was clccted long bcfore the Italians came ta Albania in April 1939. TIH~ dcclaration of war on Greece in October 1940 followed that on France and on the United KingdoIll, and aU the Albanians spontancously cspoused the Italian imperialist war. 20,000 Albanians fought fanatically at the side of .tlu: Italians, distinguishing themselves by thclr h~rce st~t:bornness and winning the higheRt Itahan InIhtary awarcls. Behind the lines the people fallowecl thcir exploits admiringly ancl.the Albanian Church urged them on ta the sacnfic:c. Ital): on s.cvcral occasions officially expressed her sat~sfactlOn through the medium of her fully al1thonzcd rcprcscntatives. When the Germans stahbecl Greecc in the back and at last apened up the. (:ou~try ta the Italo-A1banian forces, M lls~olIlll hlmsclf extolled the part which his a~ROClates had played in the campaign against Crcece. Finally, the Albanian cabinet decided to el'cct a. mOllument to the soldicrs who had falJen III the battle, to comrnemorate thcir Il('roic sacrifices. Ivlmsolini's letter which has been quoted to prove the. contrary is. not very conclusive evi. dencc..I~ lB only tao well·known to what extent ~!l~ssollIn n:adc falsehood a political weapon. }hls letter 18 only a clumsy attcmpt to 'ustif III t.he cyes of his master Hitler bath an ini~iativ~ wInch had 110t reccived priaI' autharization and a dcfc:lt. whkh had profoundly humiliated 1Iussohm. Tl~,c Albanians fought well. At the time of the C.erm:lll.rC8(;l1C, :Mnssolini himself bore wit- Iless to tIns III lu:. telcgram ta Shcfket Ver1azzi, "1 wi~h tn tdl YOU tlial. .:\l1lallia has col1- trihllll'd tn the .~lory of the Italian arJl1S thrnllgh lwr VOllll1tl'l'I":', !ln \\-orkers and, aho\'(: aIl I tll1'tHlgh the admirahle calm aul! discipline nf her people, l wish to bring this tn HllIr nntin: aud tn a~~lIn, \TlIl (lf 1l1\' sn11- paihy [or YOllr cnUlllry and fe~r Yol1l'seÜ." • 'l'he halance s\tl'et of the ..\'lhanian administration of Thl'sprnLia is laml'lltahlt,. In order te) creale confusion ahout the authorship of these horrihk ninH's, the Alhanians :t1lcge that Alhanian rdllgl'CS from Thesprotia 50llgbt ref- 111,;l, in :\11>:1I1ia. This is a lleli1>crate lnisstatt~­ Illt'nt. Tllt~ :!\[os\('rn AI1>:1nian minority of Thesprotia, like ail minorities in Gl'f.,{,(T, al;"ays enjoyed gl'nerous hniipilality amI an t'CJuitable and cnrdial treatmellt. The 1\IOl'ilem AlhaniaIlS nf Thcsprotia who are at present in Albania cmnmitled ilIllUll1lTahk l'rimes against the Urcek population clurin~ the war, in conni-' .yallCe \vith the Gennans amI the Italians, with whorn the)' pCrSl'.Cll tcd the ddcnœkss ciyilian popillatinn. In order to eiie:lpe lawful Jlunisillnent for their ofTcnces against ,vomcn and l'hildren wholll the)' !lad'tormcnted, and against mc'n wlm1l1 the}' had terrorizt,d and ro11bcd, and whose parents the)' had murclerccI, they followed the Germans in their retrcat. The AI1>anian State has bccn pitikss toward minOl'îticll. It followed a poliey of oppression and extermination of the Greek~ in Northcrn Epiruii. In lIer dcclaration datee! 2 Ol'toher 1D21, Albal1ia solcI1lnly unc1crtook not to change the predominantly Hellenic nature of Northcrn Epirus; this promise was made only to he violatcd Cl. short time afterward. In 1923, a commisiiion of cnquiry of the League of Nations rcportcc1 that Alhania had infringed her obligatiolu; towarc1 minorities and that, among the Christian population of Southern Albania (Northem Epi rus ) tIlere was manifcst discontians obligations lation dire tCl11en ses pour d'oppression l'émigration dénationalisation de offre albanais internationales. nombre d'après la 300 1928, que bravant tl~nt a~nillst the :tllthority at Tirana and its ndiousmethods. The condi tians l'rcated for the Greek population of Northcrn Epirus by thc l'egimc of Albanian oppression had as a consequence the mass rnigration and compulsary de· nationalization of a great number of them. The question of the sc.hools of Northern Epirus olfers a typical examplc of the fashion in which the Albanian Statc bclievcd it couId meet ifs international obligations. The number of Greek sehool:o; in Northcrn Epirus was approximately three hundrcd before the fil'st vVorld ,Var, according ta Turkish statistics sub· miltcd to the 1919 Peace Conference. This Humber dccreascd to sevcnty-eight in 1925, to sixty in 1928, to forty-thrce in 1931, and ta ten in 1932.' The Greek population, in spite of The Catholic Church and religion are also 'exposed ta persecution and vexatious treatment. In its leading article of 29 November 1945, the newspaper Qttotidiano, the organ of the Catholic party, emphasized that the Albanian Government was adopting an anti-Catholic attitude, as many arrests were carried out and various systems were adopted to seize Church property. Catholic newspapers were suppressed and their printing presses confiscated. The organizations of the Catholic party were in fact dissolved by intimidation and their headquarters at Scutari were occupied. Several priests and Franciscan friars were arrested and two of them were sho1. According to the communist terminology, the Catholic c1ergy is reactionary and therefore persecuted. In May, the Papal Nuncio was barbarously deported-a proof that the new regime is proposing to make a complete break with civilised custom. Then followed the closing of the Catholic schools. Severa! nuns who had been rcpatriated were hmuiliated at the Tirana aerodrome, being forced to undress on the pretext of having to pass through the Custoros. In order to cloak the expulsion of the clergy, a decree was promulgated providing for the deportation of all foreigners who were not essential to the work of reconstruction. The Osservatore Romano, reporting on March 1946 the arrivaI at Bari of eighty-two monks and three nuns expelled from, Albania, says that Albania is almost denuded of Catholic 'clergy. The same newspaper, in its edition 16 January 1946, reveals that, without any evidence, the Albanian authorities arrested Father Fausti, sub-director of the jesuits Albania, and Father Daniel Dajani, Rector the College of Scutari, on the charge of being the heads of the fascist terrorist organization The Rome newspaper Daily American, writing ,on 26 July 1946, says that, bcneath the surface, umest in Albania is incrcasing. According ta certain sources, about 3,000 Albanians have been massacred or have simply disappeared since Hoxha came ta power. It is belicved that 6,000 Albanians have been tortured or il11prisoned. The first People's Courts set up at Tirana in 1945, which are a pure farce, are still in session. These systematic persecutions do not rebound ta the honour of post-war Europe, and are not worthy of a country which is applying for the honour of becoming a member of this international family. For a long time, the resistance movement in Albania was confined ta Northern Epirus which is inhabited by Grceks. These had, very naturally, joined their Greek brothers in arder ta repel the Italo-Albanians from the territory of the mother country. After the occupation of Greece by the Germans, they pursued, in the 'same way as the other Greeks, the struggle against the enemy in the territory of Northern Epirus, in close contact with the guerrillas operating in Greece against the forces of the Axis. Not only did the Albanians show no desire to join them, but, on the eontrary, in their unalterable determination ta exterminate the Greek population of Northern Epirus, they often taok advantage of the guen'illa warfare, even falsely, ta attraet upon their villages' the fierce reprisaIs 'Of the Germans. Only when the fortunes of war changed and an Axis victory seemed more and more doubtfuI did an Albanian resistance movement appear for the first time. The Albanian guerrilla forces principal1y directed their efforts against the population of Northern Epirus, using the German methods of Lidice and Distomo with unprecedented savagery. From November 1943 to the departure of the Germans, the picture of their activities in Northern Epirus is as follows: Executed, 2,000; Imprisoned, 5,000; Hostages, 2,000; Burned, over 15,000 houses, 20 churches, and 30 schools; over ?O,OOO cattle seized; over 200,000 gold soverelgns stolen. When the Germans began ta leave Albania, the "National Liberation Front" confined its activities to occupying the positions they had evacuated, ta collecting the Germans, who readily surrendered, and, finally, to seizing power. In spite of the allegcd lasses of the guerrilIas which havé been put as high as 28,000 killed, 12,000 wounded and 48,000 held in concentration camps, Enver Hoxha, speaking as Prime "This i~ a regrettable incident, but it i~ the outcome of Grcek provocation. The Greeks are sending vessc1s inta our territorial waters <LIang our coastline and are firing with machine-guns ar:d cannon. One day we saw tw~ boats flymg no flag entering our territonal. waters and making for Santi-Quaranta. \VC signallcd to thcm but there \Vas no reply and the Commandant of the Coastal Defenc~ orclered l~is men to firc but in such a way not ta lut the boats. At the same moment the vessds hoisted the British flag. After they had entcrccl Albanian territorial waters, the wast gl1ard Bred warning shots across the bows of the vesseIs, as is eustomary in su With regard to the Albanian argument that vessels navigating in the territorial waters of a foreign country must fly their national flag, this is an argument which is disputable in times of peace and in any case applies to .men~of-\:ar, in particulaI' to those whose natlOnahty lS not apparent. The Albanian General Staff, however, in its note to the United States representative at Tirana, which was communicatcd to the Greek Admiralty by the British AdmiraI A. G. Talbo1's letter of 12 J uly 194,6, stated that it forbids the entry, without prior notice and due authority, of Greek merchantmen and tugs into Albanian territorial waters. It is clear that such a prohibition, hindering as it does peaceful navigation, is improper between States having normal relations in times of peace, such as Albania claims to enjoy. Further, in his statements at Belgrade on 29 June, Enver Hoxha said that the shelling of British vessels was due to an error on the part of the gunners, who took them for Grcek v~ssels. , If should be pointed out that Albanian coastal batteries have made the passage of the Straits of Corfu unsafe since they fire indiscriminately on merchantmen passing through them. Thus, on 6 June, the Turkish motor vess~l "Ince" was hit, and on 18 July another vessel of 200 tons, probably also Turkish, was likewise hit. These incidents affect Greek sovereignty and have been brought to the notice of the Governments of the United Kingdom, the United States and France by the Greek Government; they can certainly not be justified on the grounds of the fear of attack, an entirely groundless fear, referred to by Enver Hoxha. The representative of Albania, in his reply to the first and second questions, referred to artil ~le XXV of the Draft Peace Treaty witn Italy, III order to lend colour to his daim that there is no state of war between Greece and Albania. This is an arbitrary attitude. What does article XXV say? It states: '~Italy recognises that a11 agreements and arrangements made betw'een Italy and the authorities in Albania installed by Italy from April 1939 to September 1943 are null and void." . .This article obliges Italy to consider the Bald agreements as null and void, but has no bearing on the relations between Greece and Albania which continue to be based on the dedaration of war unanimously prodaimed by the Albanian Chamber of Deputies and the decree of 10 November 1940 issued by the Greek Government. This state of affairs will go on for so long as a peace treaty has n.ot been Cet cords relation Grèce la déclaration par décret hel1énique~ traité n"lil{ati(Jn~ on Italy but would have no effect on other States which are still at war and have Ilot concludcd any peace treaties, or which have Ilot ('ven n:cognisctl the present Government, likc ;l numbcr of States, Members of the United Nations, induding Egypt. Spe"king of Egypt l have to inform the Omncil that the Yugoslav Legation at Cairo ~('lIt a note to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs ;.;tating that the Albanian Government wished il to l'rotcet Alhanian interests in Egypt. In n:ply. the Minister for Foreign Affairs stated th"t he did Ilot rccognizc Enver Hoxha's Govcnmwllt amI thercfore did not consider it entitlctl tn rcqucst il thirel Power ta protect Alhanian intcrcsts, 'l'he Alhal1ian argument on the territorial slatus of Albania lacks substance, for this is what j'fI', Ed('l], the British Foreign Secr.etary 'l . l ' ~:tll 111 the IOllse of Commons in December 1~"12 fcgarding Albanian independence: '~What l have ~aid does not in any way preJllrlg~ the qIlcstion of Albania's position III rdatlOll 10 sueh future arrangements as Illa)' he rcached hetween the variaus Balkan States, l,lis 1fajcsty's Government regards t!w (]uesllOll of the frontiers of the Albanian Stat!: after the war as a question which will have to he cousiclered at the peace settlel1lent." 'l'h~' (;o\'en1111cnt of the United States of ...\nlt'rH'a has not recognised Albania but has mercly made a declaration that it would be prcp:ued to d(~ so artel' recciving special as- ~llrallu'R, rcgardmg deetions and treaties. '1 read !~' )lIll;lust lloW the resolution of the United Slal.r~ SeniLt(: lInanimously supporting the a _ Ilf'Xatwn of Northern Epirlls ta Greece, n . . AH,lal~ia is ullable ane! unwilling ta abide b HI.tet'natlOllal llndert'lkillgs' \"hen l" y J '.. ...• ',' proc almmg 1er I1Hkpcndencc on 9 Navember 1921 th ~kili,'l~ l':Iupire, France, Italy and Japan 'gav~ ,.\l!:,u.l!.l .ll1 manner of guarantees to safcguard lhb mdelH:ndcncc but th1's dl'd t \lI .'. .. .'. .. no prevent : lama frll/fl alienating it in favour of Italy, Albania refmed to apply the sanct' . I l " '1 l ,. . l . ' Ions lm- 0,'(( IY t.le ,cague of Nations on Ital ft lH:'!' agl',rt'~slOll agaillst Ethiopia. This sUf~c~e ~~ 1;. pr.)\T~ how littlc Alhania is prepareà nt can y out her obligations. 0 On .~~ October En1 the l eaglle f N ' ('" - , ~ 0 allons ,.l'111ll1 adoplcd a rq}(Jrt and a 'rcsolution takllll.'~ W~h.·. nf. a detlaration by ~lt' d '1 '\ 1 . n oanm un el' \.\ llt 1 S. li' ;Hu'jltnl cert'lÎn S()(,'lal al. l' t' , Il' . . . . .. ) Iga IOns m W 1 1Imn ln 1hl N' llll<!ert'lken \. tI' . , .. '.. , . . .,., n a 1er treanes 1..••11 11111l'HltU'S. l III' lirst article of th· t d 1. tlnl] l' • . " \ j 1 . a ec ara- .. " ul'll~U t lat t le terms of the de l ' 1w Tf""'II j fIc aratlOn . ;'''.." Il.n as 11l1f amental law in Albania, lénique soldats frontalières vocateurs le accusations albanaises est tions étendues lation hellénique Secrétaire des dents depuis vernement vant Mantos, cours soit par une pieux délégation It is absolutely untrue to say that Greek arn:ed bands are penetrating into Albanian terntory. The facts are quite the reverse; for several months now, Albanian bands have been raid!ng Greek ~e.rritory to loot and to kidnap soldIers and cItIzens and to harass frontier ~opulation~ by firing at them. Acts of provocatIon of tIns type have been increasing since Marcl~, and the obvious purpose of the false Al~anIan accusations is to cover up these provocatr0l;Is and to justify the daily mounting persec~tlOn of the Greek population of Northcrn Eplrus by the Albanians. In its two mem?randa of 5 and 15 August, the Greek delegatlOn informed the Secretary- Gener~l of thirty-four incidents on the Greek- Albaman frontier since the end of 1945 which were instigated by the Albanian Government. ~e now. wish to add that, according to later l~forma;:Ion, the soldier Spyros Manatos, who was senously wounded in a skirmish, died on the .same day, that is on 20 May 1946, after havrng been taken inti:> the interior of the country by the Albanians. He was buried in the vill~ge of Longos by pious Greeks of Northern Eplrus. Further to the incidents referred to above the Greek delegation has been informed that' the ~cl lITt' lIntiJ l!lre<: days later. . ' . On :2 August, an Albanian soldier penetrated Îllto (;rcek territory. Whcn summoned ~o sur- . Jl'Ill!cr 1Jy il Grcck pat1'01, he.offered reslstance amI \Va~; kilkd on Grcck tcrntory. ()n :1 August, an Alban!an soldier penctrate~ illlo (;rn:Ii territol'Y to il dIstance of 800 metres, v.hm he Ilot iced the presence of a Greek patrol, III' n'tirer! undu the protection of a group of :\1I1,llli;UIS which 0pCllcd fire ~n ou~' ~~trol. (ln 7 A,wust 1wo Albaman cIVIlIans protcilcd hy th~:ce ~oldiers penetl'ated into Greek ttlTitory' for a distance of 500 metres and rC;ljwd il fjehl of wheati when a Greek patrol ;lppl':ll'l:d, they withdrew and took the wheat t hev kil 1 CIll with them. ('lll the sam(~ day, lhirty Albanians keeping w;tuh .dong the frontier on AIbanian territory 0p\'llCd fin~ nn a Grcck patrol neal' Guevstova; il skil mish tIlSW:c\ which lasted two hours and a half but did Ilot resuIt in loss of life. On li August, a Greek farmer was kidnapped on Grcek lerritory. . The special Court Martial of J anina on 5 and fi August 1946 tried the members of a cornmuIlÎst band whieh on 19 July 1946 had atlacked the police post at Grammena, to the south of Janina. The leader and nine of the uH'mhers of the band were found guilty. ft appcars, from the evidence given by wit. JI('~SI'" and in writing to the Court, that in April last, the leader and two of the members arrehted as wcll as others who were sought by th\' police and muId not be apprehended, went ln Argyrocasl:ro and Tirana. Theil' transport and accommodation expenses \Vere defrayed by the Alhani:1ll people's security authorities. At Tirana, thev took t!leir meals at the headllllarreJ's of' the l'eaple's security del'artment. :\t. the heginning of June, these men had rCff'ived instructions ta start operations in <:1'el'I(', whne bands of partisans had begun 10 lie 'lclive. On 10 June they Icft Tirana in an .\lb;lllian military car drivw by an AIb:illÎ;\1\ ~nldier. The motor car was also carrying t\\'tlIty-fi\'4~ automatic rifles, four or five c;!è'W, of cartl'idges and :Mills bombs. These h;mdils ~toppcd' at Argyrocastro to pick up ~,oJtw men and then went to the Albanian frontier pnst of Longas where the anns were 1l11lnaded in the presence of Albanian officers with wltorn the leader of the band had a con. Vf'l;-;atifln. From thrre they erossecl the frontier hf'irH~ gllitled hy an Albanian soldier, near th~ \illa:~c of Prophitis Ilias de Kastaniani. The leader of the band said that the activities in whirh llH:~Y were taking part were aimed at 'l\'erthrowing the regime in Greecc and that as ~nUIi as thr fig-ht had hegUD, Albanian volun. ltel'!l would have t:ome to reinforce them. Brigadier-General Muslin Peza, Vice-President of the Council of Ministers, is a man with a criminal record. After being prosecuted for common-law offences, he was pardoned and set free because of the Italian occupation and Iater was in the pay of Jacomoni, Lieutenant-General of the Realm, as an opponent of King Zog. Selaheddin Toto, who occupies a high rank in the Albanian party in power, was Jacomoni's right-hand man. Vnder the German occupation, he denounced the Greek population of Northern Epirus ta the Gestapo as being rcsponsible for the guerrilla activities in Albania, and suggested ways of dealing with them. Husni Peya, deputy of Skoclra and a former officer of Zog's, returnecl ta Albania after the Ita.lian occupo.tio'n and is now Prefect of Koritsa. anti-fasciste Tho Papapanos, who held the office of Inspector of Schools under the Italian occupation, became the persecutaI' of the Greek minority schools, slanclering and denouncing them as having rendered services to the Fascists, as is apparent from the archives seized by the Greek authorities after the liberation of Argyrocastro. He is at present a member of the Anti-Fascist Council of Albania. albanaise, aux côtés de Spyro Moysse, chief of the Albanian General Staff, taok part in the war o.gainst Greece on the side of the 1talians, serving as battalion commander. d'Argyrocastro, population hellénique juge Manoli Conomi, Minister of Justice, Deputy of Argyrocastro, the alleged representative of the Greek population of Northern Epirus and fonnerly a' Justice of the Peace, was sent ta revealj[;r~ the Albanian Government's attitude towanl'Inll"mational treaties, and it shows that Alb:lIlia is proposillg ta observe and uphold the treati('s 1'a\lilll'able to her and to reject the others. M r. Presidellt, 1 apologize for the length of IIIV ~;latenwnt. 1 trust you will agree that it was 11';'1'111. 1 am htre the mouthpiece of a small cUllntry wltich 1 think has, by her ùnhesitating .'Ilpport and he!' sacrifices, invested the allied C;lI.N~ with a moral authority which entitles her rql1cH'ntative to come here to ask you, in the lhum' of jlllltice and morality, in the name of the hl, lOci which has becn shed, and in the name uf the victilllS of Albanian persecution, to postpeille youl' (kcisiun on the admission of Albania. (;l'('cce will nevc!' bclievc that her loyal attit!llle. her i-acrifices, her inexpressible sufi'ering and her coll:itantly proclaimed attachment ta the ~pirit of jmticc have been in vain. However l~rl'at the calls of cxpcdiency to further the prog- H>~ (,f mankind, they must not l'un counter to HH: feeling fur law and justice. A denial of jll':Îre ln (;reece for the bcnefit of a country wl\!( II has devastcd part of Greek territory would be illadllii~,ibl('. ~ ,w(lu1l1 ask YOll, gentlemen, to think of the poll!lCal nmserluences of admittillg aState like Alb:mÎa intll t.lle United Nations - in name she j" a., ~"\'I.'n·igll !ndependent State but in reality dW,lS Hot (1Il1y l!ICapahlc of offering this Organi- 1.IImll auy HTVIC(~ whatcver, but would on the . d' , ~~()IJtr"ry, l'xn:, Ise a ~st\lrbing and disintegrating Ull,ll.wlli" lin mtnnatlOnal co-operation. ~ he new ,w;,rld of peacc, liberty and justice \\hllh the .1.) mte,d Nations is proposing to build' Hl!l:,! n·~·t ('II HatHms dcvotcd to this ca'use. Thes~ n:t110Jl": ar.. those "Illich, hl' thcir acts have pruwd ,'ha~ the1' wcre the ardent defenders of hllt'J't:., J"~it!n~ and peace.