S/PV.572 Security Council

Gfeeœ's interest in the dispute between India and Pa1clstandoes no1:, of course, date only Irom its election 1lo the Security Council. The Greek Govel"nment has fQ110wed the S'.1cce5sive stages in the deve10pment of the question of Jammu and Kashmir, now with an.xiety, now with hope, but always with keen and friendly sympathy. It has never lost its confidence in the wisdom of the two parties directly concerned. That 8. As was sa eloquently said at yesterday's meeting, Pakistan and India are two hiJ?:hly important factors in the progress an':! dvilization, not only of the cantinent of Asia, but of the whole world. May 1 add in this connexion that it ie only through fraternal collaboration that these two nations, delicended from an andent and noble common civilization, will be able to discharge fully the great responsibility which has been placed upon them. The fact that not only the outstanding leaders, but also enlightened public opinion in the two States which comprise the suh-continent are fully aware of that supreme necessity, gives us confidence that the question before us will find a solution, and reason for hope in the futul'e of Asian affairs. As the Netherlands representative sa rig-htly said yesterday, the leaders of Pakistan and of India fully realize that the key question in the differences between them is the question of security. It is, 1 bdieve, the probkm of SEleurity which dominates the sœne, over and nbove aIl questions relating to the withdrawal of tràops, the induction of the Plebiscite Administrator {)r the setting of the date for the plebiscite. Both the Karachi Government and the New Delhi Government know weIl that there can be no security without their fraternal agreement, and consequently they are resolved to reach such agreement. 9. That is why the ,~nxiety fdt by the friends of those two nations, inieed by the entire civilized wor1d, during the first stages of the dispute is more and more giving way ta feelings c~ hope. Only yesterday the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Pakistan told us with his customarv calm confidence that his Government is convinœd tllere can be no real solution of the question of Kashmir and Jammu save through friendly negotiations. I am sure that the Indian representative's speech will show the same spirit, and that he tao 'will assure us of his Government's firm resolve ta foUow the same road. 10. May l pay sin(~re tribute ta Sir Mohammad ZafrttUa Khan for the constructive spirit, the sense of responsibility and the extr~me moderation whichhe has once again shown. I am confident, I· repeat, that the representative of India will foUow in his footsteps. 11. It is only right that l should associate in this tribute the United Nations Representative for India and Paldstan, who has achieved such practical results in hisb'rief mission. Mr. Graham has succeeded, thanks to his patience, tact and understanding for everything human, in removing several points of difference; he therefore well merits the Security Council's confidence. It is therefore our dutY ta uphold Ml'. Graham's mission, strengthened by the fact of the stipport which the .twoparties directly concerned will continue to give him: 13. l will even go further. l believe that we have no right tu suspend an undertaking which stnrted under such favoUf-able auspices and which has already borne fruit. The possibility of terminating Ml'. Graham's mission could onlyhave been contemplnted if the two parties directly com::erned had expressed, that tlesire or if Ml'. Graham himseolf had tolet us that it C'Ould no 1011ger prodllce any tlseful results. Ii'ortunately, predsely the l"(''terse happened. Imlia and Pakistan recognize the advantages resulting from Ml'. (~raham's interventkm. Thé l'l'suIt is that the United ·Nations Representative \Vas in a position to state, in his second report, that agreement had bee-n reached upon four fHrther points of his demilitarizà- tion proposaIs. Conseqttet'1t1y, we have no right to termÎnate a mission which made a goocl start and contimtes to have every chance of reachingsettleme-nt on the four poÎ11tS stH! ~nditlg. 14. ! even consider such a prolongation perfectly natttral and 1 believe it. should not he hampered by a tao rigidly delimited mandate. 1 thinkit. wot1ld he enoughJor us to outline the mandate a~ld to Jeave its fulfiIment to the partiesJ collterned, the course of events and Mr. Graham's wisdom. 50 kll1g' as the final ai!n i8 the organizati<;m of a.. popular plebiscite, therë cau he fia misunders1:::\nding. Let us leaw' it to the main· protagonists.; ·with Mr. Grahal11\s' help, to arrang~ ~. conditions for the demi1itarizatioll that will· miike itpossible to fix .the· d~te ~ which we· hope and believe will notbe. fai" distant ~ ùf the induction of the Plebiscite Administrator and the date ùf the plebiscite itseIf. Altltough in the last resort the settlement of the ]atnnm and Ka:shmir question is a matter foc the people of that State, India and Pakistan have a supreme1y important p8.l-t to play therein and the United Nations a useful mission to perform. 15. 1fr. SETALVAD (India): It is nearly four years since 1 had the privilege of addressing this Council on the question of Jammu and Kashmir. 1 have S:Ùlce been a stranger to it5 deliberations on t.his question and. 1. trust that 1 sha11 receive at the hands of 'the Council the in~~gence due to me .in ~he cirCUlllstances. ID. Iam happy to state that the dehate yesterday has been marked on the whole by brevity and thè avoidance of the.spirit or temper of controversy. lu the'observations 1 make 1 hope also to be brief and t~l avoidcontentions ground. .. 17, The representative of the UnitechCStates said yestel'day. in the course of rus remarks :'~irthe issue is· to find an agreed" - and 1 emphasize the word agreed 1'8. . The three questions to which the representative of the' United States; and aIso 'Other speakers, referred a'"e the 'following: first, the fixation of adefinite period 'for' demilitarization i 'secondly, the'soope of demilitarization ,and the quantum of forces that will remain at the end of the perioo of demilitarization i and thirdly, the day for the formaI induction into office of the Plebiscite Administrator. 1 shaIl deal with each one of these in the coursè of my remarks, btlt before 1 do so l should like to deaI with ohe or two points raised by certain members. 19. The first of these relates t'O the tentative plan of demilitarization of the State of Jammu and Kashmir which has been released in document 8/2485, dated 21 January 1952. Apart from detailed proposaIs for demilitarization, this plan reproduces the twelve poiats ct>nununicated by Mr. Graham to the Prime Ministers of India and Paki!>tan on 7 September 1951 [S/2375, altnex 2J.l To remove misunderstanding, l Ishou~d like' to make it clear that what was communicated to onr l11iHtary advisers in writing of this plan is set out !n,full in thè" relevant quotation in paragraph 3 of the reply from the representative of India, dated 14 De~ eemQer lQ51, which CQt),ptitutes annex 6 to Mr. GI:'c:l.~ h~''S'second report [S/2448] . In addition, on 12 De- çelllber, ,in the, cours~ 'Of an informai conversation, our lUilitéj,ty advisers. were also infonned orally by General D,ç:ver§ .of ,the' strehgth of the forces that should be t'#~in~ 'on' eachsideof the. ~ease-fire li1l'e after the end 9,Lth~, ~riQd. ~ qf. dep.ùlitarization suggested, riamely 1,5 >]uly 1954.._..Thè diJcumeilt as a whole, reproduced hi annex3~to docutti,ènt. S/2485, was not at any time shown~Jther 1Jo oùrrepresentative or to our military ~dvisèrs. 1 have thought it necessary to say this in qrder ta remov:e any.possible impression that, in his r~ly of 14 Dec.ember 1951, ta which I have already referred, our representative had kept back anything. of the plan, clearly a stage in the process of demilitariza- Hm, .,\vhkh had··been".discuss'ed hetween our military adviserson .the. one hand and General. Devers on the other; : Honest: differences of recol1ection between the MilitaryAdviser:of the United Nations Representative and, our'military .advisers. are,' of'course, .possible. ~O'" $everat speakers inèntioned the time that has elapsed since the Kashln!iîf disputefirst came before the Se.êuHty ,Council andthe.~urgeticy .of fiuding a solu,tiou. ' l sQ.pûld lik~ to i.riake it;dear that India isas anxious . asoal1iinember of this Caunal that an early, equitable and· peacefl1!solution be,joot}.d. India was th~ first to decl~re that 'the-peopl,it of the State of JamtnU,and ':.....~. . .. ~" .~ .. ~ . ., :t SèéOfficiàlRecartlsof 1h'eSecurit'y -Counèil, Sistli Year, Special S1~pple1nenfNo. Z (5/2375), .'_.." "4. As regards patagraph 4" of Mr. Grahalll's letlt'r of Î Septe1l1ber î951 "the {Jo\'ertl111ent of lllclia !lot only ree.ffi.rl11s its acceptance of the principle that the. question of the continuing accession (if the Staie of Jal11111U and Kashmir to India shaH he ded\ieà tutou.gh the democratic l11ethod {If a free and impartial plebiscite ullder the auspices of the liuittd Nations, but is auxious that the conditions l\~ssaty ror such a plebiscite should he created as (lukkly ns possible," 21. rudia has aiso repœtedly declared, before this Coondl, the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan and the two United Natiotls representath>e'S~ Sir Owen Dixon and Mr. Gtaham, its readiness tQ êauy out its oblig-atlQllS underthe UNCIP tesolutiens of 13 August 1948 and 5 J<J.l1uary 1949,2 in strict aœom w~th the assurances given it. If agreement 00 the implemel1tatkm of these resolutiollS has nQlt yet been n=ached, 1 can assure the C<Jttncil that this has,,11ot been due 00 an)' desire on the part of ImUa tl) gail~ time. 22. 1 shan now deal with the three questions ('l11crgin..~ ,fl"OU'!. Mt. Graham's second report) to which dif- ~\1:lt speak-ers have referred iUld which 1 have quoted ~~ the speech of the representatÎ\-e of the Ull1ted Statt1$. The first and third of tbese, nal11ely a detînite per\od f.or demiIitatization and· the date for the formai indudionintooffiœ of the Plebiscite' Admiùistrator, œuki,· [ think, he S'ettled ,yithottt difficulty, prodded that ~OTeen'1eut \\-ere n=a.ched on the scope of dell1ilitar~ izatiou and the quantum (lf forces that would re111ain :at the end. of the period (lf del11i1itari:tation, and that thep-rogramme ~'d1'eed upon for this pttrpose were satisfactorily implemented. .23. The qu~"tiûn of phasing should be ea:$y of adjustrnent, provided that agreement is reached on the quantum and 'charader of forces ta be retained on each .:5Ïde 'Of the cease-nre Une. In the replyof our representative dated 14 Dœember 1951 rSj2448, anne.t" 61, '0ilJr '\o1ews <l11 this subjê<'t 'have been made deai, and it does 11'Qit seem n~ssary for Ille t.o recapitnlate the1l1. It wîl1 De obserred trom this document that we have :agreed tor.ednce <l'Ur forces, by 111e end of the· period p;rroposed for del1'1ilitarizà.tion, to, 21,000. Tt has not ~ ;appceciated, 1 think, that not only does this figure mtlde State forces but repmf!?'..nts less than one sixth .of 1Jbe regulaT' forres on the Indian. side of the ceaSe-nre me {)l11 l Januaiy 1949. It is also worthémphasizing 1îfuat dJis Toree wiU'have no supporting anns snch as 2 I~ Thinl Yeœr,Supplem.ent for Nove111ber 1948 (5/1100), i~ of the nature (fLa police force, nee..ded for the maintenance of law and order, not a mHitary reserve in auy ~ense. For the other side of the cease-fire tine, we have agreed to a civil anlled force of 4,000 because wc fee-l that this should be adequate for the maintenance of law and order in the Asad Kashmir area. We cannot conceive of any other risk against which regular anned forces should be retained in Azad Kashmif. 24 1 have atread), dedared that India îs anxious ta settle the Kashmhdispute quiddy and peacefully. This is 50 110t onl)' because India is anxious that the people of JamU1u and Kash111ir should have an 0pp<YJ:'tunity, withottt further delay, to detennine freely thcit own future, but also because we most earnestly desire to prepare the way for firm ?...nd lasting friendship with Oltr neighbour, Pakistan. It ia no less to our interest tha11 to the Ïtiterest of Pakistan, indeed to the interest of the wo1'ld, that these two countries which have 30 111uch in com1Uon should live side by side in complete a111ity, each. fully sovereign but OOth fuHy and wholeheartedly co-operating in the pm'suit of the C011111lon tasks of peace and progress. This is no language of convention but the. free expressiotl of a deep and sincere sentiment. It seems to be the sense of the Council that negotiations should be continued under the auspices of.the United Nations Representative to. find a settlement of the differcllces that still divide India anri. Pakistan over certain parts of Ml'. Graham's plan. India hasno objection to thi5 course, ancl. would cooperate in finding a settlement in the spirit that 1 have jtlst described.

May l, without impertinence, be permitted to say that Mt. Seta:lvad has more than fully œrried out the àssurance that he was pleased to give to the Council at the beginning of his address, that· he would be brief and would keep out any l11atters of controversy. He was fully entitled to, and of èourse he has on some points; put' forward his own point of view with regard to the maItters that need still to he resolved. !twill be. fully appreciated by the Council that obviously those are the points to be resol\Ted on wNch Pakistan has its own view, which il: has already sti:bmitted. both to the Councîl and to the United Nations Representative. L wH! not enter int'Ü any controversy .upon thlfse:, points. Those are exactly the points which will hive t<tùe"i1ea.lt with by Mr. Graham in his furrJrer effort.

Speaking as representative of F;RANCE 1 wish to say that my delegation very gladly associates itself with the tribute paid here to the· devotion and skill shown &y Ml'. Graham as mediator dUl"ing the negotiations. It also associatesitself with t~u,;, tributes paid to the~ restt'aint shown by the parties. 4ant 28. Speaking as PRESIDENT of the Security Couttdl, t have the impression that a very dear and PQsitive conclusion emerges from the practkally unanimous statements made dudng the present discussiQn. 29. The Council feels that Mt'. Graham has made rea! progress in that some measure of agreement was reached betwem the parties on various points, and that he should continue his neKotiations in pursuance of his tenus of reference under the resolutions of 30 March 1951 [SI2017IRev.1j and 10 November 1951 rS/2392] in orcier to remove the ren1aining é.Mficultil:ls which he has described. 30. Iè being understood that any ffiGmber of the Couneil has the right to ask for a Council meeting to he convened at any ti111e to deal '\'Vith the question \vhich is now being discussed, the sense of the meeting is also that Mr. Grahanl sbôuld submit a report to us, which we oope will be final. 31. A1though We can110t strictly limit the negotia~ tions which, to have every chance <:Ti 5UCcess, must be fle.'{ihle, ! feel l cansay that the Council definitely expt.'<:ts to receive a report within two month!;, that is by 31 March. _3~.. l believe that r am correctly interpreting the feelings of my oolleagues in stating' that in these cit- C:lmstances MI". Graham, acting under the resolutions l have mentione<!, wiil continue negotiations itnder the terms which I hav'"e just specified and which reflect the statemt:tlt'>. made·in the Couneil. 33. MT.. TSARAPKIN (Union of Soviet Socialist RepubIlcs) (translated f~'otn Russian): The delegation of the Soviet Union, on the grounds a:lready explaine<! by the representative· of the USSR at one of the previous rS70thl meetings, cannot associate itself \Vith the conclusion which the President of the Cou'neil has just driiwn,'eithèr With regard to bis evaluation of Mr. Grahain's mission or with regard to the prolongation of bisfunctions. If the proposal that Mr. Graham's activities should be extended is submitted to the vote; the delegation 'of the Soviet Union will abstain.

l note that, with the sale exception of the representative of theUSSR, the Security Council is agreed on an arrangement which l shaH put in this way: iri keeping \Vith the earlier resolutions, the United Nations Representative for India and Pakistan is authorized, withoot ~y new decision by the Council~ to continue his cltort.s to fulfil bis mission and to submit h~s report, which the Council nopes will he fina:l, withintwo 1'lW!l1ths. 36. Ml'. GRAHArvl (United Nations Representative for India and Pakistan): It is with deep appreciation, and without any illusions, that 1 have listened to the statements made in th{' Security Council. 1 wish to thank the Cottndl for those 5tatements. Representatives' Idnd words should be shared with my political, military and legal advisers - Ml'. Petrus J. Schmidt, General Tacoh L. Devers, Ml'. Miguel A. Marin, and Colonel joe Dow, aide to General Devers. as well a~ with our secretary, Miss Louise Crawford, aU of whom worked ably, conscientiously and tirelessly. 37. FurthemlOre, 1 wish to express my sincere sense of g-ratitude ta the representatives, on all levels, of the two Governments who are here in Paris for thcir cooperation in these negotiations. 38. The Security Council will recall that in my statement of 1ï January 1952 [570th meeting] 1 said the following : "58. The United Nations Representative deems it necessary to emphasize that, from hisexperience, he helieves that any negotiations that could he tlndertaken by the United Nations to obtain the <Jel11i1itarization of the State of Jammu and Kashmir tlnder the UNCIP resolutions of 13 J\ugust 1948 und 5 January 1~49, taking' into account the l'l'solutions· themselves or foUowing'. the procedureproposed hy the United Nations Representative in the draft plan for agreement submitted to ·the .parties,' would find almost insunllountable obstacles if the circttmstances prevailing are the same a:s now, unless in one \Vay or another'agreed solutions are found for the following': (l) a deIinite peridd for demilitarization; (2) the scope of demi:litarizatiOl1 and quantum of forces that will remain at the end of the period of demilttarization; and (3) the. clay for the formaI induction into office of the Plebiscite Administrator." 39. Taldllg these col1siderations inta account, 1 wish totake advantage of thê presence in Paris of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Govemment of Pakistan and the representative of the Government of India ta have consultations with the11l in connexion tl:ith drawing up a plan of procedure for carrying out , resPQnsibi:lities entrusted to me. The spirit of the statements made by the representatives of the two great peoples of India and Pakistan give us some new hope of being able to assist in reaching an agreement on the iour remaining differences concerning the twelvepoint programme. 40. Again, 1 thank the Security Council and state that we shaH do our best.

Out agenda. is nowexhausted. Does anyone wish to speak?· . 42. ~lr. SANTA CRUZ (Chile) (traftSlat,cl from SpaHislt): Mr. President, although 1 am one of the newest members of the C<'uncil, 1 have \'entured ta ask to speak first because 1 have been entrusted by Mr. Luis Padilla Nerva, President of the General Assembly, with the honourable task of expressing ta you, now that y<'Iur work as a representative to the Cnited Nations is drawing to an end, his great appredation of your personal collaboration, as President of the Security Council and representabve of France, in the work of the United Nations ror peace and security. He has asked me ta express to you his gratitude as President of the General Assembly, and his admiration and respect for the intellectual and human qualitie~ which you have 50 generously displayed in the fulfilment of j'Ôttt international functions, and his desire for your rolltÎnued SUCC(:;iS in the new res!?,'lnsibilities that have be~l1 entntsted to )'Ou by your Government. 43. In transmittillg these sentiments on behalf of the President of the General Assembly, 1 should like to add those of my Government and myself, which fully accord \Vith those expressed by Mr. Padilla Nervo.

Mr. President, according to the alphabetical order 1 shaH succeed you as President of the Security Council for the month of February, though, of course, 1 cannat hope 1:(' emulate you. 45. 1 shaH take the opportunity at the first meeting of the Coundl next month of saying how much we all share the sentiments just expressed by the representative of Chile and how grateful we an are to Mr. Padilla Nervo for his courtesy in paying you a tribute and his respects.

l am deeply toucheè, Mr. Santa Cruz, by the message which you have been good enough to convey to me from the President of the General Assembly and by the kînd words you yourself added. 1 am also very grateful for the Greek representative's Idnd referlces. 47. This day, on which 1 am re1il1quishing a post which 1 assumed three years aga in New York, is an important one .in my life. 1 want to assure my colleagues that 1 shaH retain happy Inemories of my stay with them; l have beell deeply interested in performing this task which we all have 1:0 fulfil here. an obviously difficult task, sometimes very onerous, sometimes irksome, but a task the eeriousness of which must constantly guide our attitude of mind. 48. Before leavillg, and now that 1 am relinquishing the office of President of the Security Council, 1 want to wish the United Nations, and most particularly the Coullcil, every success in the continuation of the efforts undertaken here to achieve our con1111on purpose,

IMore dosing the meeting, 1 must inform the Council that several delegations have pointed out that the seven" clay period after the close of the General Assembly originally planned for transferring the Security Council from. Paris to Ne...... York may Cal,lSe certain physical clifficulties. 50. In the circumstances, 1 am asked to state that it would he desirable to fix 15 February as the closing date of the Security Cot111cil's work in Paris and 16 February as the date of the possible resuroption of the work in New York. 51. If there are no objections by members of the Council, 1 shall consider these dates agreed. 52. Ml'. VON BALLUSECK (Nc:therlands): The tal'get date which has been suggested might present certain difficulties for some members of the Council. 1 take it that some representatives will have to visit their capitals before going to New York. It would therefore be rather difficult for representatives to be available in Paris until the target date suggested and then, immediately afterwards, to be in New York for the resumption of the Council's work there. 53. 1 should therefore be extremely grateful if the matter could be arranged in 'such a way that the target date for Paris would be, not 15 February, but a week later. '

1 was going to say the opposite to the proposaI made by my Netherlands colleague. Whereas he would seek to put off the date up ta which we should meet in Paris, 1was going to suggest that we should advance the date and take a week from the date of our dispersal from here, that is a week from next Tuesday. That wiH bring us to about 12 February. l had made my arrangements ta that effec;t and any long extension after that date would put me in a position of èmbarrassment. 1 could perhaps make it on 15 February, or at the latest on 16 February - 1 do not know about my 'Other colleagues. 55. Ml'. BOKHARI (Pakistan): 1 generally support the view expressed by my colleague from the United Kingdam. l appreciate the difficulties pointed out by my oolleague rrom the Netherlands but tha.t situation certainly applies :in reverse to those countries whose capitals are not in Europe. We have made arrangements. ta concIude our business here as quickly as possible after the end çf the session and ta rest1me in New York as quicklyas possible thereafter. Therefore 1 support the represent;:l.tive::i)Ltbe United Kingdonl in that the date should be fixed very 111uch earlier , rather than very much Iater. 57. Vife have made the necessary arrangements to enable our representative on the Security Council to remain in Paris until 12 .Febntarv. He cannot be in New York before· 17 February. - Should a Council meeting be cwled in New York before that date, he would not he a:ble to attend, and, in addition,.if there were nobody in Paris to represent my country on the Security Council, the resulting sitm~tion would he most unfortunate for us. 58. 1 should therefore be glad if the Council could find it possible to adhere to the dates the President has suggested, or better still, to agree to the Netherlands representative's suggestion.

We have the same.difficulty as the Turkish representàtive. It would not be easy for the Chilean de1egation to reach New York before 17 February. 60. Mr. 'GROSS (United States of America): My delegation was under the impression that the matter had been informally.,settled at a meeting at which 1 think allmembers werepresent sorne days ago. 1thought at that time - and we have reportedthat to our own Government - that the arrangement was to be able to meet in New York one week after the adjournment of the Assembly here. For reasons which relate to sailirig dates, the suggestion, as 1 ullderstand it, bas now been made that instead of having a de1ay of one week after the adjournment of the Assembly, as has been informal1yagreed by aH members of the Council, it would seem to be better ta make it eight days instead of seven. In order to attempt to resolve the issue 1 would piOpose formal1y that the last day for a possible meeting 'of the Council in Paris should be 14 February and the first Gay of a possible meeting in New York should be 15 February.

In these days of advanced.progress) it is al.ways possible to fly the Atlantic. 62.Mr. VON BALLUSECK (Nethel"lands): The informal meeting to which the. representative of. the United States referred has appa:rently beenso informaI that 1 was not aware that any decisiol1 had been taken there. ;' .At anyrate, in order ·to .meetthewjshes of everyone. eonce.rned as much as possiMe, and taking account of the fact that whatever we decide will present 63. Mr. GROSS·'(United States of America): The representative of' The Netherlands has just made a deaI. 64. The PRESIDENT (translated, from French): There seems to be ÇI. large measure of agreement on the dates I have mentioned, that is, 15 February for the end of the proceed~ngs of the Security Council in Parls, and 16 February' for the possible resumption of its meetings in New, York. 65. 1gather that the President of the Security Council for the month of February will endeavour, as f~ as possible, to refrain frorn calling the Council during what might he called the "awkward" period between 12 and 16 February. 66. 1 think, therefore, ,that we can consider the dates 1 have mentioned as agreecL: . dates Communication from the President: cancellation nI night meeting of the First Committee and the Joint Second and Third Committee 67. ,The PRESIDENT (translated from French): 1 am informed that the meeting of the First Committee of the General Assembly with the Joint Second and Third Committee which was to have been held tonight, is cancelled. 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