S/PV.719 Security Council

Before proceeding to the fint item of business for today, 1 should like to pay a very sincere and friendly tribute to the retiring President of the Security Council, Sir Pierson Dixon, the representative of the United Kingdom. 2. His conduct of the business before the Counci1 during bis term as President was highly skilled, and 1 think it contributed greatly to the prospects for a successful conclusion of the item DOW before us. 1 did want the record to show my appreciation as his successor.

1 thank the President warmly for the kind words he bas pronounced on my OOhalf. My only hope is that the action which was initiated under my presidency last month will 00 crowned with success under yours. Adoption of the agenda The Palestine question: 8tatu8 of compliance gi.ven to the general armistice agreements and the resolu- tÎons of the Security Council adopted during the paat yeu (S /3561)

At the last meeting of the Security Council memOOrs heard various questions put 5. 1 realize that it is the customary practice for the" President of the Council to await the end of ,the debate and to express the views of the Government he represents only after ail other members of the Council have been heard. but 1 believe that in this particular case. in view of the queries that have been addressed to me, it would he appropriate and useful to depart from the usual practice and to make the responses requested of me the beginning. ' 6. Firs!, however. if any of the parties to the subject under discussion who didnot speak at the last meeting wish to he heard 1 will recognize them now. Before doing 50 let me say that, speaking as President of the Council. the representative of the United Kingdom last month requested that t':..:. ;".1'tÏeo ~void. as the members of the Council wh) had spoken had avoided~ ail argument or COl.'·Jversy which might complk~,te the Council's twk and which might even tend te increase the tensions which it is the aim and duty of the Council to reduce. The parties who spoke at our last meeting commendably foUowed the lines laid down by the President, and in their statementl they confined themselves to a consideration of the limited proposai ,which Defore the Council. Perhaps it will he understood 1 expreas the hope that this precedent will he foUowed in statementl which may be made at this meeting and any ensuing meetings. 7. The fust name on my liJt of those who have not spoken and who desire to do sc is that of the represeDtative of Jordan, and 1 therefore cali upon him now. 8. Mr. IUFA'I (J0!ÙaD): This is the first time that the Hashemite ~gdom of the Jordan bas taken part in the deliberations of the Security Council as a Member ~ United Nations. We welcome, this opportunity contribute our share towards the realization of the principles and objectives of the United Nations Charter. 9. Jordan, though small in measure of physicalltrength: bas great assetl of spiritual powers. Our traditions thousands of years have emerged with tnlth higher than every other value and with the loftiest principles in the conduet of human life. The ever1a&ting doctrines of compassion, love and justice are recorded everything around us and written in our hearts. Every spot of our Arab soil is marked with an epic of tolerance. and the greatest of human edifices ~t we possess in our little kingdom are constant reminders the message they syinbolize. The rich resoui'ces of our traditions and the teachings of the divine religions that Ipread light from our lands will guide us in our role 10. importance davantage lation dans s'applique lement Il. Jordanie, des que Jordanie 10. Truth in the Palestine question is of particular importance. Perhaps no other factor hal been more detrimental to the rights and welfare of the people of Palestine, and to the general stability and peace in our area, than the suppression of truth. This applies equally to the present situation along the annistice demarcation line. 11. In full fairness to the Kingdom of Jordan, this Council should take notice of our cIean record in living up to our obligations under the armistice agreement despite the tremendous difficulties that have beset us. Although Jordan was not a Member of the United Nations, it appeared belote the Securit"j Couiicil on more than one occasion during the past eight yean, never as an accused but always as a complainant. Never in the records of this Council has my country been censured for violating the general armistice agreement, nor were '.lur regular forces ever condemned. Despite the numerou:; problemll that have confronted my Government-the suffering of the huge masses of homeless, dClperate refugees, the, bard economic situation which we face, the limited number of our security forcell that are committed to protect 650 kilometrel of an annistice demarcation line-and despite the faet that we are in the centre of the turmoil, my Government is proud to come before this Council with clean hands. 1 NatiûrJS çours sécurité, plaignante. pays d'armistice été Malgré nementdoit d'innombrables situation Jordanie, chargées démarcation tourmente, paraitre 12. par sement soumis successüs trêve et quant efficaces de qui nement obligéll acceptent leurs subsistance. 12. 1 need not describe the measures my Government has taken to prevent violation of the demarcation line. The various reports made to this Council by the three successive Chiefs of the Truce Supervision Organization in Palestine, General Riley, General Bennike, and General Burns, leave no doubt as to the sincerity and effective co-operation of my Government in maintaining order on the demarcation line. Our front villagers who found themsc;lves suddenly separated from their lands and be~ongings and living under lItrenuoUB conditions were not expected to accept an invisible Jine that prevented access to their homes and only meaos of livelihood. 13. It was in opposition to this basic human compul~ sion to recover one's legitimate property, and in contradiction to the fundamentals of individual human rights, that my Government enforced the necessary measures to prevent aossings and to avoid clashes with those facing us on the other side of the demarcation line. Our armed forces are taking their positions along the fl'On.t lines not only for the purpose of defending our borders from any sudden attack, but also to carry out 13. rentrer rement l'homme, saires démarcation nous Nos de 14-. My Government therefore will favour any attempt to reduce tension on the demarcation line within the f~arnework of thé armistice agreement. We welcome the visit of the Secretary-General to Jordan, and my Government will usé its best endeavours to facilitate his mjssion. He is requested by the present draft reso- Iution, sponsored by the representative of the United States, to go to our area and make a sUlvey of the various' aspects of compliance with the General Armis- HI':'e Agreement, to arrange with the parties for the adoption of measures that would reduce tension on the demarcation line; and to report to the Security Council in order to assist itinconsidering what further action m~r be required. 15. No one can tell at this stage what future action might be considered by tms CounCiL Yet, we hope that the past' errors and injustices of the Palestine question thatdisturbed the foundations of peace and general stability in that re'gion will not reCur. ,The xesponsibility of the Members of the United Nations towaros their Organization is great-not to add to its problems, but to solve those that alread'y exist; '16. Mr. AMMOUN (Lebanon) (translated jrom "French) : l thank the President and the members of the gecurity Council for acceding to my Government's request and inviting it to participate in the discussion of the serious question submitted to you for consideration. 17. A catastrophe, which is said ta be imminent, has to he prevented, a catastrophe the extent and consequences of which cannot be foreseen, but which sorne of the men most l'esponsible for the peace of the world and the happiness of mankind are already viewing as a matter of world-wide importance. In the face of such a cruel possihility, it was essential to urge those called upon to deal with it in this decisive hour and to determine nothing less than the course of history to seaJch keeniy for the real causes of the present situation in the hope of finding a remedy before it was too late. They werè, moreover, entitled ta expect full and loyal cooperation from one and aU to end the growing anxiety encompassing the world. 18. On this solemn occasion 1 should like to reaffinn my country's persistent resolve to support any action in 20. Need 1 add that we welcomed the initiative which has led ta this meeting of the Security Coundl? We welcomed it the more warmly as, under the tenns of the ciraft i"esolution, the Councii requests the Secretary- General of the United Nations ta undertake an inguiry on the spot and to submit to it the proposaIs resuhing from that inquiry. 21. We recently had the pleasure' of welcoming Mr. Hammarskjold in Lebanon when he made a flying visÎt to some States Members of the United Nations on his own initiative. On that occasion we discussed with him the very problems with which we are now eoncemed. 22. The same wann we1come will await him when he retums on the delicate mission with which the Council wishes to entrust him, and we cao assure him here and now that he will receive from the Lebanese authorities full and sincere co-operation with a view to ensuring respect for the General Annistice Agreement and the principles of the United Nations, in which he fulfils such an important function. 23. Lebanon has no reason, any more than any other Arab State, to conceal its acts or its intentions. It has no aggressive intentions or pœparations for aggression to conceaI. Its only purpose, and that a finn and settled one, is to defend itself, and to defend peace, against aIl a5gression. The efforts which it is now making to build up its anned forces are meant solely to defend its territory and it.s freedom. May 1 stress that the Secretary-General is invited to see this for himself so that he may give you a true account of the matter. général, 24. But 1 1\haU not conceal the fact that the draft resolution at first apprared to us liable to interpretations that might not h~ iu keeping with the purpose which it is intended to achieve. Some of the tenns used caused Us real misgivings as to the nature and scope nf the mission with which the Secretary-General was to he 25. 1 am glad to note that in his ltatement at the beginning of the lait meeting the United Statei representative tried to define the Secretary-General's mission, which is to arrane with the Dames for the adoption of 80y measures ~which he œnsiders would rëduce existing tensions and ta csrry out the provisions of the almistice agreements; he added that bis country'. U only purpose b to prevent war, and... we do not propose ta review the issues in the Palestine question" [718th meeting, para. 5]. 26. It follows from these statementa on the one hand that the ~tary-General'smi!sion will not go beyond the annistice agreements and will l",! limited ta the technical requirementll for their application and, on the other, that any meamre he might contemplare would only he adopted in agreement with the parties. 1 should he glad if the United States representative would tell me if my understanding is incorrect. 27. 1 have one lut remark ta make regarding operative paragraph 5 of the draft molution. It il a matter of one wo~, or rather ai two words, one EngiiJh and one French. But one cannot over-estimate the importance of words especially in questions as serious as thase now belore us. The draft resolution refel'l ta the " action" -in the English text-or "mesures"-in the French text-to be taken by the Security Counci1 aiter dis· cussing the Secretary-General's report. This would appear to be a new phase of the problem which in our view it is neither premature nor impossible to consider at this stage. 28. If it is desired to set our minds at rest regarding the draft resolution, even in thiJ phase, it is also necessary that no surprise should, in ail good faith, he waiting for us later on. OtherwiJe the effort that il now being made will have been made in vain. It would, 1 $3Y Ln aU fran1cness, !ente no pu.rpœe mere!y to put cft' the evil day. The co-operation you would have gained today would he lost tomorrow. In either phase of the action contemplated in the draft resolution, it must he clearly understood that action can ooly he taken within the bounds of the annistice agreements signed by the countries involved. l thin:k 1 have said enough to make this point clear. 29. 1 do DOt wish further to forestall the explanatioDll which Mr. Lodge bas 10 kindly agreed ta give UI but would like te express the hope that in the course of his mission the Secretary-General will he able, in agreement with the parties, ta find means ta reduce the telllÏon and ta restore quiet along the demarcation lines. If that 30. If matters must be otherwise, we are convinced that the recommendations which the Secretary-General may sec fit to make in his report and the action which the Security Council may have to consider will, in accordance with the letter and the spirit of the draft molution, he within the limit of the three resolutions to which it refers and to the provisions of the annistice ag!'eement!!. 1 venture tel hope that the United States representative's explanation will confirm our opinion on this subject. 31. These are the comments 1 ielt it my dutY to make at this stage in the debate, reaffirming my Govemment's wish to make ils contribution, in conformity with its obligations under the United NatioDi Charter, to the nrengthening of peace and security on its frontiers and in the region to which it helongs. 32. . 1 reserve the right to ask for the floor when 1 have heard the United States representative's statement.

Unless one of the other parties to the armistice agreements wishes to he recognized now, the President will recognize himself in bis capacity a.<; representative of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 34-. 1 am confident that there is no basic misunderstanding either br the parties to the annistice agreements or by the members of the Security Council as to the intention of the United States in bringing the draft resolution [S/3562] before the Council. But certain questions have been asked, which 1 am glad to answer and which may, 1 believe, he summarized as follows: (a) Are the measures which the Secretary-General might recommend for discussion with the parties and the Chief of Staff to he within the framework of the general armistice agreements? (b) Is the proposaI contained in paragraph 3 (a) of the draft resolution to be considered applicable in geïiëral or where appropriate in accordance with local conditions? (c) Are the demilitarized zones and the defensive areas referred to in paragraph 3 (b) those zones and areas as defined in the armistice agreements? (d) Do the various aspects of compliance \Vith the genera1 armistice agreements which the Secretary- General is requested to survey refer to matters outside the general armistice agreements or ooly to those mattel'S with which the Truce SupelVision Organization is expected to deal? (e) Is it intended that the Secretary-General should undertake to amend the armistice agreements? 35. These questions can first he amwerccl by recalling my original statemèflt to the Counci! on 26 MardI. ln describing the United States objectives, 1 statcd that in the present circumatances .. it is c1eRT that the United Nations cannot he inactive or indifferent o, [717111 mut/nu. para. II]. Thereiorr. i went on to say: .. The United States helievl.'s that in thr first instanCl.' Unitl.'d Nation!! effort!! shollid he concrntrated on full compliance with the armi!!tice agreements by hrael and the Arab States and on carryinl{ out in df'tail the Sf'curity Council rf'!Iolution!! of 30 March 1955 [S/.1379], 8 Septemher 1955 (S/3432], and 19 January 1956 [S/35.18]. Each of these !'l'solutions had the unanimoU!! support of the mcmbers of this C'.ounril. Thf'Y rf'prcscnt the rombined jud~cmcnt of the members as to the l'!lsential steps to be taken to reduce tensions. There is no question in OUI' minds that if these steps had been carried out wc would not now have the serious situation which confronts us. An the more reason, therefore, that they should he carried out. .. We therefore propose i.) the draft rellOlution before the Counci! (S/.1562] that the Secrctary- General undertakf' as lA matter of urgency discussions with the parties and the Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization, General BUnIs, to find ways and means to put into immediate effect these rt'solutions and the proposais which they embody. .. Wc fee! that the measures can and nust he given special consideration" [7Jï.h meeting, paras. II to 13]. 36. Now these quotations from my statement intraducing the draft resolution are the core of the United States position. To make that position umnistakeably clear, 1 spoke again at our last meeting to emphasize our concern and to place our draft resaIution in its proper perspective. Thus at the meeting of 28 March, i again summarized our position as iollows: •• We wanted two things: to act promptly in the face of a grave!y worsening situation, and in acting prompt1y, to indicate, with the Security Council's endorsement, certain steps which the Secretary- General and the parties might take to carry out the provisions of the armistice agreements. These are not new purposes. The unanimous resolutions of the Security Council, to which our drait resolution refers, Iikewise had as their purpose the effective functioning of the armistice. And that is our sole purp<Jle. Surery no one would deny that, un!es~ the armistice agreements can he effectivdy carried out, a ~J8. 'l'hl' representative of thr United Kingdom put the CiISC even JUore simply when Ile said [717tlz meeting] Ihal tirst things must come fil'!lt. In speaking of these malters which must rrcrivr immediate attention, Sir PicrllOn Dixon went on to say that these were problems in which if onr did not rnovl' forward one firtds oneself slipping back. 1t has bl'en this baekward trend which the United States wished to hait. Wc sec no "ther way of preventing such a backward Irend at this moment than by providin~ for strict compliance with the armistice ag-rccrnents between the partir!! and the n~!lolutiom: of II\(' SecIlrity COllncil to which 1 havl' referred. Whal wc arc dralin~ with now arc the immediate problerns standing in the way of peace and which conn'rn the compliance of the parties with the general annistice a~reements and the carrying out of IIlCaSUfCii which the Security COllncil has already t:ndorsed in its recent resolutions for ensuring cornpliance with those agreements. 1 repeat that this is the Immediate problem and the immrdiate purpose of the United States initiativr. 39. Now let me be even more specifie The draft fCsolution envisages that the Secretary-General should arrangr, after discussion with the parties and the Chief of Staff, for measurrs which are entircly within the framcwork of the general armistice agreements and the reJ"vant rcsolutions. Such measures would of course he applicable where by agreement between the Secretary-General and the parties they consider that conditions warrant them. The re(erences in the draft rl'solution to the demilitarized zones and dcfensive areas Me naturally thuse defincd in the armistice agreements. The various aspects o( compliance with the armistice agreements, which the Secretary-General is requcsted to survey, reCer only to matters which would come within the naturai purview of the armistice machinery and the Truce Supervision Organization. 40. The arrangements relerred to in paragraph 3 (c) would of course be arrangements as agreed between the parties and the Secretary-General. As a matter of fact, it would not be a service to the Secretary-General or to the panies direct1y concerned to enumerate funher the problems or the measures with which, together, they rnight wish to deal, or those with which he should not dea!. Wc feel that with the c1ear understanding that the mission of the Secretary-General is governed by the Security Council resolutions, and the armistice agreements, such a spelling out is not necessary nor, indeed, desirable. The kind of task which wc are asking the Secretary-General to undertake becomes quite c1ear when seen in this context. 42. The Security Council is of course not relinquishing its primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security in adopting the draft resolution proposed by the United States. The draft resolution requests the Secretary-General to report not Jater than one month from the date of its adoption. He may report sooner if he considen it desirable. It is this that the phrase "in bis discretion" refen 10, and only that. In the light of the Secretary..General's report and of the situation then prevailing, the Council would have to consider whether any further action Wall required and what that action might he. The United States would not presume ta say what the Council should do a month from now. We cao and du bûpe t.~t !urther action conceming compllance with the annistice agree mellts and the carrying out of these resolutions will not be necessary. 43. 1 hope that 1 have given a categorical and responsive reply ta the questions which have been raised by representatives of the parties to the annistice agreements. 44. Mt. BRILEJ (Yugoslavia): My delegation bas given the United States draft l'esolution [S/3562] relating to the status of compliance given to the general annistice agreements and the resolutions of the Security Council adopted during the paat year the careful study it d~lVes. We have also listened with mucb attention to the views expre~ here by the members of the Security Couneil and to the important points raised by representatives of the parties most directIy concerned in this matter. We have also listened with much attention ta the useful elucidation offerecl this morning by the author of the draft resolution, the representative of the United States. They have aU, 1 think, helped considerably to c1arify the matter under discussion. 45. We, for our part, were particularly anxious to know how the parties themllelves felt about the various aspects of the coune that has been proposed, as it is clearly upon their support and cOoOperation that the success of any sncb course primarily depends. 46. Needless to say, we have been foUowing with close attention the developments in the Middle East. It would in our opinion he a mistake to seek to dramatize unduly the current tensions in the area. It would, yi~ area of the world. We also very definitely share in what appears to· be the consensus of opinion that any steps t1.l4t are taken with. regard ·to what is known as the ralestine question should he taken through the United Nations. 47·, This question has, for sorne years now, been a United Nations responsibility. That is only natural sinee the implications of this problem are not limited to the region but have no small bearing upon international peace and security as a whole. 1 think it may be said that the balance-sheet of the United Nations in this matter has, as several speakers have already pointed out, been a positive one. Need one recall that it was under the auspices of and with the aid of the Uni~ed Nations that the annistice system, which, despite its weaknesses, is the only existing anchor of comparative if uncertain peace in the area, was established and maintained thiough all the vicissitudes it has undergone. In our opinion, it is also through the United Nations that any steps that may be necessary for reducing tension in the atea should be takert. 48. Any such steps will, of course, not only have to be acceptable. to the nations in the area, but will require their full and active co-operation. This fact, which bas once again so cIearly been borne out in the course of our present discussions, should be kept in mind in: any consideration of the Palestine question and is, it would appear, generally recognized. It is, in other words, upon the parties themselves, upon their restraint and realism, upon their determination to resort solely to peaceful methods, upon their responsiveness ta United Nations efforts designed to ensure peace and stability in their region that such peace and stability will above aIl depend. devront avec d'autres dépendra modération elles 4'. ,This brings me to a further point, one which is so emphatically underscored by our current deliberations: any approach to the Palestine question will of necessity have to be a gradual, a cautious, a modest and, if you will, an unspectacular approach. We shall have to move prudently and within the boundaries of what 49. vivement actuelles: Palestine devra modeste agir de en une observation plus complète des conventions d'annistice et qu'un système si - ~xisting Middle Eastern realities allow and-not leastof what the parties themselves are prepared to go along \Vith. It would seem, in other words, that our practical task is to ensure a fuller measure of complianc::: with the armistice agreelnents and the relevant Security Council resolutions and a generally more satisfactory working of the armistice system itself. If we succeed in doing this-<>r rather if the panies succeed-through mutual agreement and with such United Nations assis- 50. Such. as we see them. are the general considerations in the light of which the Secretary-General's mission as envisaged in the United States draft resolution sbould be viewed. Nor could there. in our opinion, have been a better choice for this important mission. Both the high and the universal!y respected office he occupies and the personal abilities of which he has offered such abundant praof make our Secretary-General particularfy weIl suited for the task of seeking ways and means. in conjunction with the parties, of reducing tensions through compliance with the armistice agreements and the relevant Seccrity Council resolutions. The report the Secretary-General is to submit to this Council within his terms of reference will, 1 am sure, be studied with keen interest by us ail. 51. Such is my delegation's understanding of the draft resolution submitted by the United States delegation and of the course of action which the Security Council is being called upon to take. This course appears broadly to corrcspond-especial1y after the clarification that has been given-to what we feel to he the most useful approach to the present Palestine situation. We shall therefore give it our support. 52. Mr. TSIA..N'G (China): The Security Counci1 has now given an opportunity to the representatives of aU the parties directIy concemed to present their views to the Council. After listening to such statements as have been made, my delegation is now ready to take its final stand on the draft resolution introduced by the delegation of the United States. 53. During recent months, there has been an unfortunate increase of tension along the demarcation lines in Palestine. Public opinion in every country is anxious about a possible renewal of hostilities. It is certain1y proper and necessary that the Security Council should take steps to secure a relaxation of tension and a reaffirmation of the annistice agreements. 54. The United States draft resolution presented bas a limited scope. The wording of the text makes clear the limitations within which the proposaI operates. The specifie clarifications given ta us this morning by the representative of the United States make these limitations very clear. The United States draft therefore deals exclusive1y with the armistice agreements and with the resolutions of the Council aIl of which have to do with the implementation of the Annistice Agreements. With the modest but important objective of the United States text my delegation is in full sympathy, and it will give the draft resolution its support. 55. 1 am glad ta note that. in the course of his speech before the Council on 28 March. the representative of Egypt stated: 56. The representatives of Jordan and Lebanon have 56. Liba.'1 Si Secrétaire en succès. général vote jus~ given us similar assurances. If all the parties directIy concerned should give to the Secretary-General that measure of co-operation which we have the right to expect, his mission may succeed. 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