S/PV.756 Security Council

It is a pleasure for me to pay my tribute to the retiring President of the Security Council, Mr. Entezam. 1 think it is true to say that Mr. Entezam is an institution at the United Nations. He has been with us since San Francisco, and we have always been able to count on the valuable contribution of his keen mind, diplomatie tact and experience. 1 intelligence, rience. 2. lui la manière de 2. On behalf of the Security Council 1 take pleasure in once again offering my sincere congratulations on the manner in which he has conducted the delicate business of the ~e~uf1ty Council during his chairmanship. 3. ché, vous mérité générosité lie cœur.

1 am extremely touched, Mr. President, by the kind words you have jli.st spoken about me. This undeserved tribute is proof of your generosity and a mark of the sincere friendship which has linked us for many years. 1 thank you most sincerely. Adoption of the agenda The agenda was adopted. 5. When the Peruvian delegation presided over the Cornmittee of Good Offices on admission of new Members established by the General Assembly three years ago, it had occasion to expend much effort and enthusiasm in furthering the admission of aH the countries which have since been admitted to membership in the United Nations, and laid particular stress on the admission of Japan, a country whose importance is known to all. 6. 1 shaH not review here the reasons and considerations which prevented Japan's admission to the United Nations at that time. Happily, however, it has come about that a proposaI for this purpose ~an now be put forward, and it is an honour for my country to sponsor this draft resolution, which appears in document S/3754, in the conviction that Japan will be a distinguished Member and a most useful participant in the life of our Organization. 7. At this juncture 1 would recall that a close relationship has always existed hetween the Government of Pp-ru and the Government of Japan, and that there have been and are many Japanese settlers living in Peru, contributing to its economic development, obeying Peruvian laws and adapting themselves to the outlook, ideals and customs 01 our nation. 8. We are all fully aware of the illust. ROUS role Japan, with its age-oId culture, hac, played in the history of the continent of Asia; but with this we must couple its astounding adaptability to modern bchnical methods which forros a bond between Western and Asiancivilization. 9. To these must be added the proof which Japan has lately given that it has espoused democratic institutions, and the sincere and effective way in which it has done so. 10. Hence we are sure that Japan will be at pains to cornply strictly with its obligations under the Charter; and, at a time when the United Nations is undergoing grave trials, 1 draw courage from the knowledge that when Japan has been admitted to the United Nations we shall be able to rely on its influence in continental Asia being exerted in support of the United Nations ideals of peâce and international justice. 11.. Mr. ENTEZ.c'..::Vl (Iran) (translated trom French): First 1 should like to thank the members of the Security Council for their favourable response to the Iranian deiegation's request for a meeting today to discuss the admission of Japan to the United Nations. 13. However, 1 must recall two facts. First, when the draft recommendation in favour of Japan's admission to the United Nations failed to secure the favourable votes of aIl the permanent members of the Security Couneil, 1 had o~casion to say how greatly the Government and the people of Ir~Jl regretted the exclusion from the United Nations of an Asian Power which undoubtedly fulfilled aIl the conditions laid down in Article 4 of the Charter. i j 14. Secondl.y, when the representative of the Soviet Union suggested that Japan might be admitted to the United Nation" in the following year, that is to say at the eleventh regular session of the General Assembly, and when the United States representative proposed a draft resolution to that effect, 1 had occasion to state that aIl the permanent members of the Seeurity Council were in consequence morally hound to support the candidature of Japan when it came before the Council in the ensuing year. 1 am very glad to note that the Soviet Union is honouring its promise and that we are at last going to be able to repair the injustice which had been done to Japan. 15. Mr. President, Iran's term on the Security Council expires at the end of the month; it is a privilege for my country and a great honour for its representative to be able, at the end of that term, to give warm support to the draft resolution which you propose on behalf of your delegation, and to vot,e in favour of the admission of Japan. No one was better qualified than ~ to take this step; your untiring efforts as Chairma~ of the Committee of Good Offices to solve the thorny/ problem of the admission of new Members - a problem which was one of the causes of international tension - merit an our admiration. On behalf of my delegation, may 1 present our sincerest congratulations. 16. In conclusion, let me express the hope that thi draft resolution will he adopted unanimously by the Security Council and that the General Assembly wiH also approve unan;!!: Jusly the admission to the United Nations of that great country, Japan.

The United States has a high regard for the influence, the culture and the great contribution to civilization of the great Japanese nation. We have long been aware of the contribution to the strengthening of international peace and of the other purposes of the Charter which 18. For all these reasons. we haye looked forward with keen anticipation and, 1 might say, impatience to a meeting of the Security Council at which the application of Japan to become a Member of the United Nations would at last receive the unanimous endorsement which it deserves. On four occasions since 1952, the Vnited States. together with the great majoritY of the Seeurity Council. bas voted for and sponsored Japan's mcmbcrship in th(; lIn;tcd ~~âtiûns, and h:;.:-; tried to be of every possible service to the Japanese Government in assisting it to obtain its rightful place. The grave injustice that excluded Japan from the Cnited Nations has long needed correction, and we have tried to leave no stone unturned in this direction. 1 hope and trust that this meeting ôis morning is the meeting which we have so long awaited and which will mark Japan's entrance into this Organization. 19. The question before the Council is the application of Japan for membership in the United Nations. It is a question on which, if 1 am not mistaken, every member of the Security Couneil has now taken an affirmative stand. Our dutY is therefore simple and obvious. Since this question has now been waiting for more than four years, 1 trust that now we can aet upon it immediately and that the General Assembly can ratify the action of the Security Council in the immediat:? future and welcome Japan as the eightieth Member of the United Nations.

1 wa" very glad when 1 learned that the delegation of Peru would propose the draft resolution recommending the admission of .lapan, a draft resoluticn which, 1 believe, expresses the desire of ail members of the Council, and certainly of the Australian delegation. 21. The Council will recall that when 1 took my seat here last January when 1 had come directly from our Embassy in Japan 1 mentioned that during my stay in that country 1 had had many opportunities to learn how deep is the interest of ~he Japanese people and the Japanese Government in the work of the united Nations. To my expression of the gratification of the Australian Government over the impending admission of Japan, 1 wish to add my personal satisfaction and also my congratulations to my old friend the distinguished permanent observer of .lapan, Ambassador Kase, whose tireles:; efforts on behalf of bis country have gained our admiration, 22. It is the view of the Australian Govemment th3.t the admission of Japan is an essential step in the ~ations. 23. 1 trust that the draft resolution proposed by our President will be unanimously adopted by the Council. 24. In the case of three other new Members recommended for admission this year by a unanimous vote of the Couneil, a procedure was adopted to ensure rapid action by the plenary meeting of the General Assembly without reference to any committee. 1 am sure that aIl my colleagues would agree that such a procedure would again be entirely appropriate in relation to the admission of Japan. 25. Ml'. TSIANG (China): The Government and people of China ardently hope that Japan will be admitted to the United Nations. It will, therefore, be a pleasure for me to vote foi' the draft resolution which has been placed before the Council by the President [S/3754]. 26. Japan has aIl the qualifications for membership in the United Nations. In the long years during which Japan has had to wait for admission not a single member of this Council ever questioned the qualifications of Japan. My delegation once sponsored the application of Japan, and has always voted for Japan'" admission. 27. My delegation is convinced that, once admitted, Japan will play an important and admirable role in this world Organization. The new Japan is profoundly devoted to peace and democracy. 1 have no doubt that Japan will make significant contributions to the advancement of peace and human welfare through the common efforts of the United Nations. 28. We, from China, are particularly happy in supporting Japan's application because the people of China and the people of Japan are kindred peoples-kindred in race and culture. In voting for Japan's admission 1 am but expressing the affection of the Chinese people for the people of Japan. 29. Ml'. NU~EZ PORTUONDO (Cuba) (trwlslated !rom Spanish): It is my duty. on hehalf of the Government and people of Cuba, and a great honour for .ne, to announce that my delegation will vote, with the greatest satisfaction, in favour of the admission of Japan to membership in the United Nations, in the belief that that country meets aIl the conditions prescribed by Article 4 of our Charter. :12. Till' Cuhan dl'1egation will accordingly vole in favour of tlll' l1rafl resolution presented by the Peruvian delegalion. 33. !\ir. VAN LANGENHOVE (Bclgium) (translated Irom French): On many occasions in the past the Belgian dl'legalion expn'ssed supporl for Japan's admission to the l 'niled Nalions. Wc have ulways associated ourseives with lhl' moves malil' to Sl'cure ils admission. Today, lherefon'. 1 n'peat lhal in the opinion of the Belgian dl'Il'gation, Japan il:dispulably fulfils ail the conditions laid down in lhe Charll'r for admission to the l'nited ~alions. Japan will certainly make a vaillabll' I"onlriblllion 10 our work. 3·" Wl' shaH arcordingly vote in favour of the draft resolutioll proposed by tilt' Peruviun delegation. We likewise express tlll' hopl' lhal it will be approved unanimously and lhat the Assembly will ael promptly to give etTert to tl1l' Security Council's recommendation. 35. SIr Pil'rson DIXON (lJnill'd Kingdom): Just nnder a year ago 1 said in this f.ouncil that the misfortune whil'h had befalll il Japan, in failing to gain admission during the tenth session of the Assembly, should be redressed as soon as possible. My de/egation is confident that the Security f.ouncil will today recommend Japan for admission. \Ve look forward to an ear!y completion of the process by the General Assembly. 36. Il will giw great pleasure 10 my Government to welcome .Japan to membership of the United Nations and to sel' her take her rightful place in this Organization, 10 which she will have so much to contribute. Il will he a source of personal satisfaction to me to continue on this new hasis. the friendlv and constructive relationship which 1 have been pri~'ilegcd to enjoy with the Permanent Representative of Japan, Dr. Kase, whose efTorts. now about to be cruwned with success, have aroused general admiration. 3i. 'Ir. NI~CIC (Yugoslavia): ~Iy delegation will be happy to support the proposaI to recommend the admission of Japan to the Vnited Nations, and we are glad to note that there appears to be a consensus of opinion in the Council in this regard. Il could hardly be otherwise; indeed. the fart that so prominent a membe. of the family of .-\sian nations has not so far been among us has created an anomalous - unfortunately. not the onl)" anomalous - situation from which the Cnited :-';ations has greatly sufTered. Japan's admission which. wc are confident, wiII very soon take place in the General Assembly, will, thlOrefore, be an important gain for our Organization. 40. As you know, at the tenth session of the General Assembly the Soviet Union supported the proposai to admit as Members of the United Nations ail the countries whieh had s~bmitted applications and in regard to which the problem of unification did not arise. Among those countries was Japan, and, on 8 Oecember 1955, the delegation of the Soviet Union voted in favour of the relevant resolution 918 (X), adopted in the General Assembly. -t1. With a view to implementing that resolution, the representative of the Soviet Union to the Security Council, on 10 December 1955, introduced a series of draft resolutions [8{3483 to 8{3501], one of whieh was a recommendation that Japan should be admitted to the United Nations. The delay in the admission of Japan was the direct result of a veto by the Chiang Kai-shek r~presentative, who attempted to frustrate the executiün of the rcsolution açlopted by the General Assembly on 8 December 1955. At that time the delegation of the Soviet Union stated that it maintained its favourable attitude towards the admission of Japan to membership along with the other countries which had submitted applications. 42. During the discussion of this question by the Security Council in December 1955, a number of representatives, including those of Peru and Iran, whileo bjecting to the simultaneous consideration of the applications of Japan and the Mongolian People's Republic, said that they would be prepared to vote for the admission of both States, if their applications were considered separately. Today the Security Council is in fact considering these applications separately. 43. The delegation of the Soviet Union will vote for the draft resolution introduced by the Peruvian representative, recommending the admission of Japan to membership in the United Nations, and expresses the hope that the other members of the Security Council will vote for the draCt resolution recommending the admission of the Mongolian People's Republic, thereby giving eiTect to the General Assembly resolution of 8 December 1955.

The French delegation will regard it as its dutY to vote in favour of the draft resolution proposed by our esteemed President. It will perform this dutY with added conviction and eargerness in that Japan is in every respect qualified to join our ranks. 45. 1 am afraid that history will be very severe upon the United Nations when, with the passage of time and the cooling of tempers, the entire question of 46. Today. we are exammmg the case of Japan. "-e have l'very reason to congratulate ourselves upon the statement which the representative of the Soviet Union has just made. We therefore welcome Japan today with tilt' greatest satisfaction. We know that it has Tf'pllrliatNI thf' f'TrOn; of it.. pa<:t. with ""hirh it has brokt'n forever. We know that it is eminently peaceful and that its dearest wish is to liVl' in peace \Vith aU countries. <li. 1 am less fortunate than the representative of Australia in that 1 have never been to Japan, and 1 regret this a great dea!. Japan is today bending aU its efforts to develop technical and social progress at home and is consequently fighting vigorously to improve the country's weU-bfing and standard of living. Il is a country of a fine and ancient civilization which we admire, and its present aspirations command respect. When a nation is conscious of the dignity of the human persoQ, we can give it our confidence ungrudgillgly. An American writer has said that if you want to feel a nation's pulse, you must turn to its art, because that is an infallible syrnptom of a nation's sou!. 1 cannot put better what we in France think of Japan, with which my country has the closest relations at l'very level, relations which have had fortunale and beneficial results for both parties. Therefore, 1 repeat. my country will be particularly glad to vote in favour of the admission of Japan to the United Nations.

The Security Council "".J proceed to vote on the draft resolution [5/3754] submitted by the delegation of Peru.

1 should like to say just one word about the question of observers at the United Nations. 81. The representative of the Soviet Union referred to a request from the Government of Outer Mongolia to the Secretary-General that 1should arrange for facilities for an observer at the United Nations. The observer arrangement here has no legal basis, nor does admittance of an observer have any legal consequences, for example, under the Headquarters Agreement. It is purely a question of protocol and'it has to be resolved at th~ discretion of the Secretary-General. However, as a matter of course, 1 have established certain rules, which may he found satisfactory or unsatisfactory, but which 1 do not think it would he useful to discuss here and now. AlI 1 want to say is that these mIes have been applied also in tbis case objectively and impartially. 83. The Mongolian People's Republic, it will be remembered, has the somewhat melancholy distinction of being one of the very first applicants whose entry into our organization was thwarted by that complex and depiorable interplay of political considerations which finally placed what should have been a more or less routine matter on the list of hardy perenniaIs. The admission of the Mongolian People's Republic is, therefore, long overdue in our opinion. Nor have we, for our part, ever found convincing the arguments that have been advanced at various times against that country's admission. They \\ "re, it would seem, part of the general lille of thinking which has been so largely responsible for the impasse that had been reached on the question of admission of new Members. 84. It should be remembered in this connexion, 1 think, that the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic was recognized at a very early date by a number of countries, including its immediate neighbours, and that it has established diplomatic relations with a number of States, of whi~h, 1may add, Yugoslavia is one. 85. My delegation, therefore, will support the proposaI of the delegation of the Soviet Union to recommend the admission of the Mongolian People's Republic to the United Nations, for which it is, in our opinion, fully qualified.

The Security Council will proceed to vote on the draft resolution [S/3755] submitted by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. A vote was taken by show 01 hands. In lavour: Iran, Peru, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Yugoslavia. Against: China, Cuba. Abstaining: Australia, Belgium, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America. The result 01 the vote was 4 in lavaur, 2 againsl, with 5 abstentions. The dralt resolution was not adopled, having lailed to obtain the affirmative voles 01 seven members. 87. The PRESIDENT (translaled .'rom Spanish): Sorne delegations have requested permission to explain their votes. In view of the time 1 shall take the liberty of suggesting to the Security Council that we should dispense with consecutive intcrpretation, without prejudice to our future proceedings. 88. If there is no objection to this suggestion 1 shall consider it agreed. It was so agreed. 91. After the Soviet vote against Japan last year we resolutely refused to go along with the illegal Soviet Union proposaI to link Japan's admission to that of Outer Mongolia. My delegation' had never disguised the fact that we had little enthusiasm for the candidature of Outer Mongolia. When, therefore, we were confronted last year with the Soviet Union proposaI thal: Outer Mongolia should be admitted at the eleventh session - that is, the CUITent session of the General Assembly - my ~elegation abstained since we were not prepared at th~t time to commit ourselves to support Outer Mongolia's application at sorne future date. 92. 1 think that events of the last twelve months have amply justified this caution on our part. OL.... vote last year in favour of the admission of Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania and Albania was an act of faith, in the interests of achieving the widest membership of the United Nations and in deference to the wishes of the General Assembly al. a time when eighteen applicants were being considered together. But what has happened since then in Hungary has inevitably raised fresh doubts, not only as regards the independence of those countries which lie within the orbit of the Soviet Union, but also as to whether they do in fact iJossess that freedom of action which can enable them freely to carry out the obligations of the Charter. Naturally, aIl of tbis affects our assessment of the position of Outer Mongolia, a country which has been visited by fcw ünbiased obser;;rers; and this year, therefore, in decicling whether or not to vote for her admission to the United Nations, we no longer felt able to give her the benefit of whatever doubt remains. non se également en plir Bien notre Mongolie impartiaux lorsqu'il nous a de __1~_UOi~. 9.... There are, however, oUler applicants which are fully qualified for l'nited Nations membership and which we should like to see in the Organization as soon as possible. 1 refer particularly to the Republics of Korea and Viet-~am. The United Nations has a special responsibility for the Republic of Korea. We do not believe that the Republic of Kores should be barred from membership in the United Nations merely becaus~ part of its territory has been wrongful1y and forceful1y detached from the authority of what the General Assembly has heId to be the only lawfully electcd Government of Korea. The application of the veto against the admission of Vic :-Nam is also unjust. '''lie hope that the pressure of world public opinion will bring about the admission of the Republics of Korea and Viet-~am. 95. :\lr. WALKER (Australia): Last year, in the Gf>neral Assembly, the Australian delegation was reluctantly prepared to vote in favour of a draft resolution proposing the admission of a large number of countries with varying degrees of qualification for membershir. We were reluctant because we had the greate5it Goubts about the legality of that procedure and did not regard sorne ofthe countries as being weil qualified for admission. As the leader of the Australian delegation explained during the last session of the Assembly, however, we were prepared, as a matter of expediency, to waive these dO'lbts to the point of voting in favour of the draft resoIution, if by so doing we couJd ensure the admission of the many countries in the group which were weIl qualified for admission. 96. Outer Mongolia was one of the countries the inclusion of which in the above-mentioned group was lcast justifiable. We still have doubts whether Outer Mongolia il in a position to discharpt! the obligations of membership onder the Charter. My delegation bas tberefore abstai~ed from the vote on the Soviet Union dra!t 98. In our opinion there has been no change in the situation, and consequently we did not feel called UpOil to abstain. Abstention implies sorne doubt as to what position a delegation ought to take; a vote against means tha[ no doubt whatever is entertained. The Cuhan delegation found itself in that position a few moments ago. 99. 1 would also recall our statement last year that we were prepared to vote in favour of the admission of the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Viet-Nam because they boUl fulfilled the conditions prescribed by the Charter; we should vote in favour if tbis question were placed before the Security Councii.

We have just seen another demonstration by representatives of certain Western States of their complete disregard for the wishes of the overwhelming majority of the General Assembly. 101. The fact that this time the open veto of the Chiang Kai-shek repre5entative camouflaged the hidden veto of certain Western Powers which abstFinedfrom voting does not alter the essential position. This is an old manoeuvre and it deceives no one. It is clear who is behind the Chiang Kai-shek representative from the statement made by Mt. Lodge, the United States representative, who assumed the entire responsihility for the non-admission of the Mongolian People's Republic to the United Nations. 102. By preventing the admission of a small peaceloving State - the Mongolian People's Republicsimply because they do not like its political and economic system, the United States and its confederates in the Security Council are once again exposed as opponents of the principle of equality of large and small nations, of the principle of the universality of the United Nations, and of business-like clJ-operation among the peoples. l'universalité que 103. culièrement avaient République populaire de Uni fait une 103. The USSR delegation deplores particularly that certain members of the Security Council, namely the United Kingdom and France, which in December 1955 voted for admitting the Mongolian People's Republic to the United Nations, tbis time in fact opposd its admission, thus preventing a favoarable decision on the matter. 104. The opposition of the Western Powers to the principle of universality of the United Nations, wbich is recognized by an absolute majority of the Member States, proves that these Powers are in no way inte- 104. principe Unies, Membre!! 106. Today, \Vt' are happy that Japan has at last been admitted. :\Iy delegation only regrets that such deserving applicants as the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Viet-:'Ijam cannot be admittcd at this Ume. My delegation wiII seize the earliest appropriate occasion to promotl' the admission of Korea and Viet- :'Ijam.

:\Iy delegation, too, abstained in the vote just taken. 1 must say, as other members of the Couneil have said before me, that the time does not appear to us to he propitious for voting in favour of admitting l\Iongolia 10 our Organization. 108. Last year we voted in favour of its admission; our actions have always retlected our desire that the Organization should consist of the greatest possible number of countries. However, since last year, serious acts and events have intervened and these have led us to adopt an attitude of reserve today, an attitude of prudence. 109. Il is not true to say, as the representative of the USSR said today in bis first statement, that we are refusing to admit :\Iongolia to the United Nations because its Government, its methods, its ideology and its way of life are not pleasing to us; such allegations are untrue and the recent admission of Romania and Hungary, for example, is an illustration of this. The only significance to be attached to the vote of my delegation, 1 repeat, is that which 1 have just explained.

Before closing the meeting, 1 wish to state that, in accordance with roll' 60, paragraphs 2 and 3, of the rules of procedure, 1 have informed the President of the General Assembly of the results of the clections held by the Council. The meeting rose at 1.26 p.m. Printed in France Priee : IU.S. 0.20; 1/6 (or equlvalent in