S/PV.87 Security Council

1 have not quite reached the point where 1 would i:iskfor a géneral discussion.I was m,relyfinishing my explanation of the -United States point of view regarding what we think iS,a very important issue,·· the . Thé PR:ESIDENT: If the representative of Poland will allow me, 1 will come back to that when we take up the resolution paragraph by paragraph, before voting mi it. 1 was mere1y making a statement as a preliminary exposé of the United States point of view. 1 propose that we proceed ta a consideration of J1e resolution presented by the United States, 'paragraph by paragraph. In this way, the amendments which have been proposed can each be discus'sed in particular reference. ta the paragraph in question} rather than by grouping all together, 1jrst, the amendments presented by the representatiye of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and secondly those presented by !:he representative of Polaud. The firs": paragraph of the United States draft resalutionread'l: "Whereas, tb.ere have been présented to the Security Council 'oral and 'written 'statements by the Greek, Yugoslav, Albanian and BulgarianGovernments re1ating to disturbed conditions along the frontier between Greece on the one hand and Albania, Bulgaria and . Yugoslavia on the other; wlYch conditions, in the opinion of the Council, shouldbe in· 'vestigated." The Polish representative has proposed an amendment ta that paragraph, that after. the words "disturbed conditions" the' following expression be inserted: "innorthern Greece and ...". ' . The United States de1egation, in expressmg its willingness to accept that amendrnent, stated it wauld do so on condition thatthe clause: cc••• impartially, before attempting to reach any conclusions regarding the issues involved" be added at tllé, end of the paragraph. Does any representative desire to speak on this paragraph of the resolution? . HASSAN Pash~ (Egypt): l merely wish to say that our delegation is quitesatisfied with the United States proposai. However, .if the najority of the Council wishes to change it, r must say that although 1 am'not quitewell enough acquainted with the finesses of the English language, ,1 do not share the opinion that the ward "impartially" should he added to' this proposal made by thePolish delegation. As I understand it, the resolution refers to the preliInin,ary stage, but the insertion of the word "~partially" would imply that thec'')mrhission nught not investigate the matter in an impartial manner, which, as far aS,I am concerned, 1 ~o not believe. From my knowledge of the English language, 1 do not believe that we want' to , tell the commission to investigate the matter "impartially".' If .we leave out this ward or, as ~veryone conscious of bis duty will at least conduct the investigation impartially. . 'I may be '\\Trong in my interpretatil"n or the ward "impartially",. but that is .my COr.ltic~on.

1 :3hould like to state to the • represent~tive of Egypt that ms interpretation of the meaning of the word "impartially" is the same as mine. However, 1 think the representative of Egypt has, if 1 may ôay so, misunderstood the sense in wbich this phrase was intended. It was not btended ta imply an ethical directive to the commission' ta be impartial. It was a statement .to the effect that the Council considers that it should have an impartial investigation and report before it makes up its mind, and therdore wants an investigation. HASSAN Pasha (Egypt) : 1 aII.1 quite glad you gave that explanation, Mr. President. Neverthe1ess, 1 still persist in thinking that it might bear the other meaning. Of course, if mycolleagues are of another opinion 1 shall not insist uPQn my point of view.

The dd~gatioh of the United Statès cloes not consider that word' es- ~ntial, and would willingly withdraw it. The expression might, however, be more._ accurate1y phrased by sàying "objective1y", instead of "impartially", tlius: ". . . wbich conditions, in the opinion of the Council, should be investigated objective1y before the COmlri1 at1;empts to reach . anY conclusions regarding the conditions involved". HASSAN Pasha (Egypt): That would be quite satisfactory. The PRESIDENT: I~· tbere is nn objection, the United States' proposedàddition will be so worded. . Does anY other representative desire to siJeak on the fust paragraph of this tesolution and the proposedamendment? Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet SociaIist . ditionnelle . listes Republi~): .. l should like to hear it read. Th 1>' .. " hi'h di" . e._ RESIDENT: . . . . w c con tions, m the. opinion of· the .Council~ should beinvestigated objectively beforethe Council attempts to . reach any conclusions .regardîng the .issues in· volved". ce devrait avant conclusion, question'''.. Sir Alexander CADOGAN.{UpitedKingdom):. l\1;ay 1 _aslcwhatisbefore us now? Is: ïtyour fust paragraph, .with the addition. you have .(traduit ce Northern Greece is mentioned; possibly the disturbed conditions of 'nor'thern Greece. In view of what lias been said in the course of our discussion, this might possibly lead co sorne misunddstanding. It is true that in the fust paràgraph ?f the letter of 3 December ~rom the acting Charrman of the Greek delegation, .r~­ erence is made to northem Greece, where It 18 said that the neighbours of Oreeee ~'are lending their support to the violent gueJrilia warfare now being waged in northern Greece". The burden of the complaint is that the disturbed conditions are being fomented by the acts ui her neighbours. It seems to me that thisis the point before the Council; the whole of this dispute concerns relations on the frontier and the fron· tier area. It may be that those disturbanèes have spreàd far into horthern Greece, but if we leave the Polish text as it stands, simply relating to the disturbed conditions in northem Greece, 1 think that that would be open to sorne misunderstanding on the part of the commission, that its duty would be to investigate internal conditions in Greece. 1 am afraid that may he the implication, and according to my conception that is not the case. It. rather cornes back to whatMr. Gromyko mentionedabcut a civil war in Greece. We have not got toinvestigate that; what we have to investigate is the charge that disturba· ..:es have been either provoked or supported froin the outside. 1 can accept the 'phrase suggested by the Polish representative if he adds sorne words relating to the disturbed conditions, such as: "aUeged to have been fomented in northem Greece". A simîlar change, could he made in the subsequent paragraphs. Mr. LANGE (Poland) ; 1. do riot want to enter into discussions concerning thedetails of·the wording. AlI 1 want to indicate is that the Greek Government has drawnour attention, in it'S documents,to the situation·innortheril Greece and the politicai warlate. being waged inthis . .' '". Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom): May 1 draw the attention of the Council to the fact mat in its letter of 3 December, the Greek Government draws attention not only to the violent guerrilla warfare, but aIso to the friction· between Greece'and her neighbors, by reason of the fact that the latter are lending their support to that warfare? That is the burden of the comp?:'~!lt~ Mr. VAN KLEFFENS (Netherlands): l'am very gratified that the Polish representative has declared bis readiness to accept the'original wording. 1 think that we should be extremely careful to avoid the slightest impression that we weight this case against either party. At all stages of the proceedings, and. certainly before we have complete factual material, we should avoid, with the greatest possible care, giving any sucb impression. Mer the remarks made by the'representative of the United Kingdom, 1 venture to think that if we maintain these w:ords, they could beinterpreted in such a way as to cast sorne slight doubt, unfounded as it might be, on the contention of bis country. 1 very strongly move that the original wording be put to a vote. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist . Republics) (translated trom Russian): The representatives of Greece have hither!o told us that the disturbances taking place in northem Greece are the result of interfer~nre on the part of neighbouring States. Now certain members of the Council seem to be trying to narrow down the territory on which these çlisturbances' ~e taking place. To what extent shall we narrow down this territory? To twenty kilometres, ten kilometres, five kilometTes from the frontier? Where is that objective eriterion which Will show us where the frontier zone ends and where northern Greece really beIDns? It is very difficult to .define tms. 1 think that we should be consistent and Iogical; we should record that the commission is to investigate the .situatiorin northem Greece. Indeed, that is how the question stands.'It therefore seems to me that the Polish. amendment is fully logical and that, in . adopting it, we··would express more precisely the position which the Security Council must refIect Ïi1 de:6.niD.g the purposes and funetions of tbis commission. . ,

1 will inquire of therepresentative of Polandif he wishes to withdraw that amendment, as,1 understoqèl him to say to the representative of the United Kingdom tltat he would revert to the original wording. What is the Status ofthe amendmeilt? \ Mr. KOSANOvfc (Yugoslavia): In our opi;nionth~ w~rding that the Polish. represen- , tative gave, which youacaepted,:Mr. President,

l suggest ~at ilie text containing the Polish amendment be put to the vote. The United States delegation is willing either ta accept the text with the Polish amendment or the original United States proposal, as the (Juncil may desire, p!'Ovided the phrase 1 read out at the beginning'of this discussion barring any attempt at prejtidging the case is left in. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom): In that case, may 1 fust put forward my a.mendment to the Polish a!nendmt:nt, wmch consists of h"lSerting after the words: "disturbed conditions" the words: "alleged te have been fomented", because 1 th.iI:lk that makes it quite clear that this commission is concerned with investigating the Greek complaint. This is the Greek complaint: that her neighhf>Urs have fomented or a..~ted these disturbed conditions. Having done that, 1 should have thought thase neighbours would be onlytoo glad to investigate that aspect of the matter, in order ta prove their innocence. HASSAN Pasha (Egypt): 1 said that we were very willing to accept.the United State.s proposai, but we stiU think.there is a way of compromise in. the Polish amendment~ wmch we are willing to. accept as second best. 111 arder to satisfy all the parties concerned, 1 think that if we omitted the word "and" in the afuendment of the PoIish delegation, keeping "relating to disturbed conditions in northern Grciece alQng the frontier between Greece on the ohe hand", that might be justifiable and would probably give satisfaction to evexybody. . Sir AleJCander CADOGAN (United Kingd.om): l 'Wouldaccept that. '- . Mr. :4NGE (Poland): 1 would accept it also. . The PRESIDENT: Speaking as the representa~ tive ~ftheUNITED STA'rES ,OF AMERICA, 1 do not !i.\e that, because that expression,. if accepted, might he interpreted··.as ,limiting the HASSAN Pasha (Egypt): 1 think the words "one hand" will remove any impression of restrlction~ The PRESIDENT: If it is clearly understood from the record that that is the sense and meaning wmch the Coun.;il attaches ta this phrasing, the United States è.elegation will accept it. 1 do not want to see the other side of the frontier excluded. .!fAsSAN Pasha (Egypt): Neither do we. Mr. LANGE (Poland): May 1 ask that the text now proposed be read?

The text as it now standsand 1 still bave doubts as to its meaning-reads as follows: "Whereas, there have been presented to the Security Council oral and written statements by the Greek, Yugoslav, Albanian and Bul· garian Govemments relating to disturbed conditions in northern Greece along the frontier bel.ween Greece on the one· hand and Albania, Bulgapa and Yugoslavia on the other, wmch conditions, in the opinion of the Council, should be investigated before the Council attempts to reach any conclusions regàrding the issues involved.)) Mr. HASLUCK (Australia): 1 should simply Iike to remark that in the estimation of our delegation~ this fust paragraph is a qescription of the case before us. The question of the limits; if there are to be any limits on the area of investigation, are set out in paragraph 5. 1 do not think that anything contained in paragraph 1 will in any way limit the investigation. It is simply a description of the case before us. 1 find no cijfficulty in accepting either your original text, wmch 1 did prder, or your amended teXt, or your newly amendedtext. Mr. VAN KLEFFENS (Netherlands): 1 think that the commission will have a very diffi.cult task. The least they can ask Qf us is to give them a cIear text to work on, and not a textwmch it would have to compare with record'J and ex- . piallatory papers, etc.·1 want to do full justice to everybody ,and thus 1 wonder whether a solution that we could allaccept, Ï1J.cluding our colleague of Yugoslavia,.would not,be to strike out, in the Polish amendment, the. words: "in northern Greece and" and insert after: "Yugoslavia on the other" the words: "and their effeCt on the. troubled situation in northern Greece~'? Ml'. VAN KLEFFENS (Netherlands): "Whereas there have been pl'esented ta the Securitv Council oral and written statements by the' Gret::k, Yugoslav, Albanian and Bul~ garian Governrnents l'elating ta disturbed conditions along the frontier between Greece on the one hand and Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia on the other, and their effect on the troubled situation in northel"li Greece; which conditions, in the opinion of the Council~ should be mvestigated." Ml'. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated {rom Russian): 1 do not think that Ml'. van Kleffens' text is precise. In the proposèd, wording, "disturbed conditions" apply not only ta Greek territory, but ..ùso to the territories of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Albania. But we are concerned ''vi.th "disturbances" and "disturbed conditions" in norther:.. Greece.. 1 think, therefore, that this text is not dear; it is not suitable. Ml'. VAN KLEFFENS (Netherlands): May 1 ôbserve that it is literally the text of the United States? . Ml'. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): That is why the amendment was proposed. \ Ml'. Quo Tai-chi (China): Perhaps we could clarify this a little by adding the t'Wo words "both sides", so that it would l'ead: "disturbed conditions along the frontier .on bath sides". Thereference would thus not be confined ta Greece. \

1 would suggestto the x:epresentative of China that that would not b~ necessary, unless the suggestion of the representative of Egypt is adopted. Otherwise, 1 think it is perfectly clear that both sides of the frontier are alluded ta.. 1 suggest that '~e.are in danger of l~sing the sense of this discussion over words 'which have no esse~!1tia1 value. J. suggest that we return' to the fin:!l propœal of the representative of. the United Kingdcm and askhim if he wishes ta have that proposed' ~ an amendment tù the Polish resolution. sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom): Yes, 1 should still Iike ta move my proposa!, which .was ta ·insert after the words:"relating ta disturbed.conditions", the words: ."alleged ta have beenfomented". That would satisfyme.On the ,'other hand, you may remember that after 1 first suggested this, another suggestion wlis Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom): 1 could.easily reply te the arguments which my Soviet friend has' just produced, but 1 will remind him that 1 said that if my' proposal was not accèptable, 1 was quite prepared to accept the omission of the word "and". 1 think that was proposed by the Egyptian, delegation. 1 would be quite content with that. Ml'. KOSANOVIé (Yugoslavia):' In order to ' avoid tbis accusation, could we insert here, in:- stead of "relating to disturbed conditions in northem' Greece", the words: "and the responsibility for the troubled situation along the fron~ ,tier"? ; Ml'. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): As far as l am concerned, 1 am l'eady to accept the p~oposal made by Sir Alexander Cadogan to omit one "and" and to leave the text as it'stands.

" 1 suggest that the discussiori beclosed. . The Council would wish to take a voté now . on the first paiagraph as ~ended, readingas follows: "Whereas there have been presented to the. Security Council oral and .written statementS bytheGreek~ Yugoslav, Albanian, and Bu!- garian Governments relating to disturbed con.. ditionsin.northërnGreece,along the' fron:tier .between· Greece on the onehand,and Al- . bauïa,Bulgatia,andY'ugoslavia onthe other; which conditions,. in the opinion of the Coun- , cil, should he investigat~dbefote .the Council attemptS 'toreach any conclusions regarding the issuesinvolved;" Vote against: Netherlands

The second paragraph of the original resolution reads ~ follows: "Resolved: that the Security Couhcil, under Article 34 of the Charter, establish a commissicnl QI' investigation to ascertain the facts re1ating tU the alleged border violations along the frontier between Greece on the one hand and Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia on the other." The Polish amendment reads as follows: "Resolved: that the Security Counci1, under Article 34 ofthe Charter, establish a commjssion of investigation to ascertain· the facts relating to the disturbed conditions in northern Greece and the alleged border violations along. the froutier between Gl'eece on the one hand and Albania, BuIgaria and Yugoslavia on the other." , The new words inserted. are these: "the dîsturbed conditions in northern Greece and." Will those in favouT of the paragraph as amended by the Polish represelltative l'aise their hands? P.tASSAN Pasha (Egypt): As attlended?

The United States resoluion as amended by.the Polish represelltative as JUst read. HASSAN Pasha (Egypt): .Are you putting both to a vote? ' :rhe .PRÈSIDENT: Only . the. amendm~nt is bemgput ta the vote. Willthosein favour .of this amenc1n;leiit please l'aise their hands? . - . -- - - - , A .vote was then taken byshow 'of hands and the ~'lrfendmentwàs'rèjected, notobtainirig the requmte number of:votes. . Votes· for; France Mexico Poland Union 'of' SovietSocialist Republics United States of America '. Mr. PADILLA NERva (Mexico): 1 drink that the cr~ation of this commission of investigation is, if the whole resolution is accepted, the most împortant step taken by the Security Council sînce its establishment: 1 believe that it will set a precedent of the highest importance: 1 also , believe that thîscommissioll will have very wide . un powers of investigation. We shall see that plaînly when we examine the next paragraph and paravcirs graph5. In view of this, it seems to me that it què would be wiser to compose thîs. commission of , .le representatives of every member of this Council; . qu'il otherwise, many decisions would have to be prenne des représentants de chaque taken in the commîssion by majority votes. The. de three new members w~o will replacè the repredevront sentatives of Egypt, the Netherlands and Mex~ la ico, and also Australia, will be in a different sitplaceront les uation from the other members of the' Council, Bas when the report of the com~siori arrives. AlI présents ,the other members of the Council will havebeen rapport able to obtain direct, knowledge. of the situation demmeht, through th~ representatives. This will not apply membres to thosefour members,and this has sonie imde portance because; as the Presidentsaid a little première while ago, this is a preliJ:ninary act. Mter the· de report has be~.submîtted to this Council, the revêt Council will have to act. According to Chapter Président VI, the Council could do severa! things; it mîght mesure take tbree different measures: it mîght calI upon . du the parties to settle theirdisputes accor<;ling to au the means described.in'Artide33; it mîght recsieurs ommend appropriate procedure or'methods of différentes; adjustment; Of it couldeven go furtherand recrégler ommend the tenns of settlement. AlI those à recommendations will be bised on the factsand dures on the report of the commission. ' peut termes man4ations.sur les faits, de cointne les sénce "That the commission he compased af a representative of each of the permanent members of the Council and of Brazil and Poland." Does any representative wish to make any statement or remarkon that paragraph? For those reasons, and as it is difficulÙo know at this moment what complications mîght result from the omission,of .the, other ,four. members of this Council, Jbèlieve it womdbe' wiser to HASSAN Pasha (Egypt): When,I raised my hand previously, 1 was going to express similar views to those expressed by the Mexican represe!ltative. We are speaking from a very unselfish point of view, as we are going to be ousted from this Counci1 at the end of the month.. 1 was waiting to hear the explanation of the United States delegation,.since it made this proposal, in order tosee what was behind the proposal that seven members of the Couneil should he included on the commission which is going to investigate the matter. But, after listening carefully toyour explanation,Mr. President, 1 am still not cQnvinced that it is satisfactory. , . First of ,aIl, l must say, as a parenthesis, that the Organization has aIready established a privileged class of nations, and we do not "'fant to establish another. privileged ,class of nations on ' . the commission. If the only explanation ~ that e~even members would be too many, t think the differ,ence ,between seven and e1even is not so great as to disregard an elementary mIe of proceeJure. ' Besides" as myMexican cdlleague has pointed out, the countries which are replacing us will necessarily be 'caIled upon.to make a. decision on a report whjch ,will be pre13entedbyseven members. It seems to me veryJogica:I that their . Mr. GROMYKO. (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) .(translated trom Russian): If we were to decide to include in the commission representatives of aIl the States on thè Security Council, theii. we might well ask in what respect the commission. would differ fro~ the ..Security . Council itself. 1 do not think that it would.differ 1 from the Security Council in any respect.. ThiS is how 1 understand the proposal of the United States representative: it is proposed to include seven people in the commission in order to render this commission more operative anq~cient. 1 think that this proposal is a sensible one. Otherwise, r repeat, in. what respect would the COlIl- Inission differ from the Security Council? The only difference woultl be that thecolIlmission would .consist of one group of individuals and .the Security Council ofanoth~r·group, but. suc~ a commission will, in its essence, .coincide in its composition with the Security Council, since it will consist of representatives from the 'same States. . j . Sir Alexa#der q#JOGAN. (United Kingdom): 1. do not think it lIlerely. concerns a differ~nce ofpersODS; 1 t{llnk it lis a difference offunctions; • ,. J ..This commission would besimply afact-findmg.body. Imustconfess that, atfust, 1 was inclined to,think 'that it would' lIlake the commission'rather large and.unwieldy if it included aIl the melIlbers, but, afteraIl, the· difference is not sb great. And lmust'.i"ay, it isratherimpressive to find that a lIlajority, at least of the disÏI1terestedmembers, that'is:to say those. who a~e J.:etiring from theCouncil-for all 1 know, it maybe all three of them-.·are in favourofa larger coriunission. Therefore, lwould be'willing to.supportthat. . . Mr. VAN KLEFFEN~ (1\Tètherlands): It seems ~o me that. tbis is a. real difficulty.What we. are ifr fact asked to decide is something ",liich af· fec.t;s. the 'l1ew members: ~el~wp;Cqlombia and Syna. Now, they may be anxI0US to serve on this ·çommission, or, on the. otherhand, they 1Ilày not.I do notknQw, and 1 think none of us knows. ' . Mr. I!ASLUCK (Australia): As far as the - Australian delegation is concerned, 1 am sure' our Government will be quite ready to under-: take to carry out. any obligations that it may be asked ta carry out. Our tdelegation was impressed by the argument of principle put forward by the representative of Mexico, and we will support the proposaI which he has made. , Mr. VAN KLEFFENS (Netherlands): May 1 m~\e a motion of the addition which·1 have just suggested? . \ The PRESIDENT: 1 should like to ask the representative oi the Netherlands whether he means that the number of members on the commission would be indeterminate, depending on the option exerdsed by the threenew members and' the delegation of Australia. Mr. VAN KLEFFENS (Netherlands): The reply is yes, but not for very long. If the Secretary- GeneraI'sent a telegram today to each of th€se Governments, asking them to indicate th~ir wishes, any doubts could be removed by the day after tomorrow.

There might be some practical difficulties involved if this resulted in the commission's being composed of aneven number of members,if one of the nations mentioned decided' that it did not care ta participate. If the representative of the Netherlands wishes to put that as a motion, 1 shaIl be glad· to put it to a vote. , Does the representative of Mexico desire ta put Iris proposaI in the form ofa motion? , Mr. PADILLA. NERVO .(Mexico): Mr. President, as 1 suggested, this isa matter,9f principle; and taking'into consideration the ·fact that according ta Article. 28, the Security Council should. be soorgariized as to. function continuously, I do not think·the.fact that seme.members come out. andothers go in ~ .important.. As a matter ofprinciple, we must decide here for the reasons 1 have stated, that sorne members· of the Council should not' be omitted from this - list. But 1 do netthink we' ought t0 consult the members that are cam!:):? in as ta whether Of not· they wish ta .be ind~~ded in.the •commission. For thatreason, 1 suggest that in paragraph3 of your draftresolut1on, it bhould be stipulated that the commission ;d,aU,be compol3ed of a (' Mr. LANGE (Poland): 1 ua not wish to speak on the composition of f particular commission just now. The maJ " may decide whatever it wishes. But 1 wish tu point out the danger of creating a precedent.' 1 am afraid that from now on, if we accept this view, we shall never be able to set up any commission corisisting of less than e1evf".n members. In the Spanish case we had a Sub-CoIllliâttee of five which worked satisfactorily. It is usually a good thing that such a commission should not be too large. It is the usual practice, in a collective body, to appoint an ~ds ofcommissions which are smaller than ~e body itse1f,and 1 am afraid we might run into a precedent which w,ould make it'henceforth difficult ever to have any commission of less than e1even' members, and.1 do not think that would be very cOIlducive to our future efficiency. This is independent of the question of what .should be the .actual composition of this· commission. . , eu tion même. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom) : , 1 quite agree ,with the representative of Poland that it might b~ dangerous t'o establish a prece,. dent wherebv, we could never appoint a coml'avis rait nous commission Il du toute .satisfaction. créerions pas ici tions l'affaire composé a sép. qu'il tous, missi~n of less than e1even members; he quoted the Spanish case, where there was a Sub-Com- ÎllÎttee of the Council offive members, which worked very well. But l thinkthis would not be a precedent; the two cases, are not exactly alike. That was a S,ü:~Committee of membersof the Coun-:il. Obviously,.here, if the Council was, ~ppointing a committee compoced of ;wme of its .oWl1 members, it would not appoint· a com-- mittee oi alI of tJ.iem; whereas this commission 'o/e21"e now discussing is l'eaUy a ratherspecial ' body. It is,a commission of inquiry into the sèeneof disturbance or crisis, orwhatever it is; itis a tather special occasion. 1·drink we sb:'\~~ pel"haps not have nianysimil~r cas~ in the future, and 1 do ilnt tlllpk this will create a dangerous precedent of a general kind. oc~up pkt.i)t d''t'Df.l!.è:~.'' dei:i qn'oli là peut-être breuxcas ,' .: nouspuissiùns ~ .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~p~~~' The ?RESIDENT: If the representative of the Netherlands will read his amendment, or if he will give me a copy of it, it can be put to the vote. Mr. VAN KLEFFENS (Netherlands): Oeri tainly, Mr. President. . 1suppose the amendment moved'by the Mexican representative has a wider influence, be- . cause it increases the burdens of countries which 1 are net here to signify their acceptance. 1 assume that you will put that amendment to th~: vote first. Should it be accepted, mine, of course, . no longer applies. Should it not he accepted, my amendment would read as follows: add to.paragraph 3 the words: "and should they so desire, -of any or all the other non-permanent members of the Security Oouncil". The PRESIOENT: Will the Mexican representative read his proposai? Mr.. PADILLA NERVO (Mexico): "That the comrrission be composed of a representative of eacà of the members of the .Security Oouncil." And then the words suggestedby Sir Alexander Cadogan. The PRESIOENT: It will be so constituted. Will those in favour of the proposaI of the representative of Mexico raise their. hands? A v~te was then taken by show of hands, af}d the thzrd paragraph .amended by, the Mexican .motion was carried by eight votes to two with one abstention. . . . Votes for: Australia Brazil , Chîna Egypt France Mexico United Kingdom United States of America Votes against: Netherlands Poland . Abstention: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Noamendm-l: .has been off~red to the fourthparagraph of the proposed Umted States resolution. It readsas follows: . _graphe HThat the conupission shaIl proee~d to the area at.once,. and not later thun 15 January 1947, and shall submit to the ::iecurity ~_~,----_

The United States delega~ tion accepts that suggestion. The wordilig, as it stands, was predicated on the original preced~ ing paragraph, and the suggestion of the repi"e- ·sentative of Egypt ought t.o be effected. . The paragraph will now read as follows: "That tbe commission shall proceed to the area not later than 15 January 1947, and shall submit to. the Security Council at the earliest possible date a report on the facts dis~ closed by its investigation." The rest of the paragraph is as wr.j.tten in the text pefore you. . Unless there are any other comments, or any representative wishes to discuss this paragraph fwther, l will ask alI those in favour ta raise their hands. A. vote was then taken by show of hands and the fourth paragraph of the' United States draft resolution ·with its modification requested ,by the representative of Egypt was, adopted unanimously. The PRESIDENT: The fifth paragraph of the United States draft resolution reads as follows: "That the' çommission shall haveauthority to conduct its'investigation fu the area fuclud~ fug,such territory fu Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and Yugoslavia as .the commission considers should be fucluded fu its fuvestigation in order . to .facilitate the discharge of its functions, and to calI upon the governments, officials, anù nationals of thosecountries as well as such other sources as the commission deems neces~ sary, for information relevant to its investiga~ tion." The fust. amenchnentto that paragraph was submitted by the representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It rcadsâs follows: "That the commission shall have authority to cqn!!uct itsinvestigation in Greece and also in border areas' of .Albania, . Bulgaria and y ugoslavia whichthe commission considers should be induded fu.itS i.nvestigarlon fu order to facilita~e thediscJîarge of its functiqns, and tocaU 'uponthe governments, nfficials and na~ . tion.alsof thosecountries as. wel1~ such other sources .as the commission deems ,necessary .for infonnati0'll releva!)t, tg .its .fuvestigatioIl:'" Is thèrè any discussi(mof th:s ii...'1Ïendntent? 1 find great àifficulty in accepting the amendment of the Soviet Union because it includes the expression: "to conduct its investigation in Greece", which might mean anywhere in Greece. In view of this, 1 prefer YOuf original wording which 1 think covers exactly what we want, and 1 hope the Council will adopt it. HA~SAN Pasha (Egypt): Our de1egation fee1s that the United States proposal is more in conformity with the other paragraphs which have already been adopted. That is why we support it. However, 1 think there are two sentences here which should be disconnected. As 1 read it, i~ says: "That the commission shalI have authority to conduct its investigation in the 2'xea in· cluding such territory in Albaniâ, Rulgaria, Greece and Yugoslavia as the commission considers should be included in its investigation in order to facilitate the discharge of its. functians. 0 ." 1 think we must put a ftill stop here, because this is a complete sentence which pertains to a certain mission which has been assigned to the commission. We should then start a nf<W sentence to this effect: "The commission shall call'upon the Governments, officials, etc." and sa on. 1 think that if wc continue "and to call upon the Governments", this suggests a connexion with the preceding sentence, 'Jlhile, in my mind, it is clear and distinct. It is only the method which is indicated in the second sentence. It is not the mission. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) : 1 am ready to amend my text and to insert the word·"northern" between the words "in" and "Greece"; thus. the beginning of my text would read: 'GThat the commission shall have authority to cond~ct its investigation in northern Greece ..." etc. 1 would like to know wh,ether this would be acceptableto the Council. Sir Alexander CADOGAN .(U~t~d Kingdom) : ~.I observed just now, we havealready.mentioned .northern Greece in the Jirst pàragraph. ,Ther~ It.reads: cc••• p.orthem Greece along the .frontier between Greece on the one hand and AIbania,· -Bulgariaand Yugosla,via on' the other.. ." 1 can accept mentionof northern . Greece>in that f0ml' 1 am ~ot quite sure how the test of the paragt'aph would read, but 1 could flot aceept the formulà: "in northem c~reeceandaIso borderareas." Wehave already gtven upthat fonnulain th<: firstparagraph. 1 The Polish amendment reads as fonows: "That the commission should have author- ,,-ty to conduct its investigation in northern Greece and in stlch places in other parts of Greece~ on Albania~ Bulgaria and Yugoslavia ' as the coIti1IlÎssion considers should be included in its investigation in order to elucidate the causes and the nature of the abovementioned disturbancesj "That the commission shall have authority to calI upon the Governments, officiaIs and nationals of those countries, as well as such other sources as the commission deems necessary,'for information relevant to its investigation." , 1 may comment that by the way this amendment is written, the second oaragraph is in a form which would seem to meet the vaIuable suggestion made by the representative of Egypt. HAssAN Pasha (Egypt): Iqùite agree with you, Mr. President, ,but 1 still prefer the orig- ,inaI United States proposai. With regard to the second part, however, 1 am qùite in agreement. .lorsque

The UNITED STATES delega-' tion prefers the original text of this paragraph, but as indicated when the discussion of the reso~' lution started today, the United States delegation will accept the Polish amendment with the, insertion of the words "border violations and" before the last word in the first paragraph, so that it will read: . "That the commission shalI have authority to .conduct its investigation in northern Greece and in such places in other parts of Greece, , in Albania, BuIg~a and, Yugoslavia as the commissionconsiders should he included in Its investigation in order to' elucidate the causes and the nature of the above-mentioned border violations and disturbances." Mr. LANGE (Poland):, Thatis aIl right. " Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): Mr. President, 1 cannot find any': ~g in the text youhave proposed withwhich 1cannot agree. At the saJ;lle time, 1tliink the t,cxt of this paragraph,pro.posedby the Polishrepresentative isinuchbetter and 'more precise thari '. the text you.propbsed.,I am ready to acceptthe t~tproposeçl byDr., Larige, but at the same , time 1 would lik~ ta propose an amencImentto the Polish text. 1woulli like to propose that.after the words' ~'in'northern Greeceand in ..."we fusert thetollowing words '~thethird line of the

As representative of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) 1 would like to express my regrt.~ at the implications of the amendment presented by the representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, because 1 think it would narrow too greatly the field of activity of this commission. By that amendment it would he limited to the frontier region of northem Greece, which is a flexible expression, and to the frontier regions of those other countries. The investigations of the commission might lead it ta visit some other part of Greece or sorne other part of Yugoslavia) Bulgaria or Albania to hold a fact-finding sitting. 1 would much prefer ta leave the text as proposed by the representative of Poland and ta give oui commission a little more latitude than it would have under the terms proposed by the amendment just offered by the representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Ml'. HASLUCK (Austl'alia): Ml'. Presiden~) it seems to our delegation that no dne in this Council wants to give this commission authority ta go wandering anywhere it likes in Greece, or anywhere it likes in any of the otherthree countries..But at the same time, it is necessary for the commission ta have en(:lUgh discretion ta undertake the job with which· it is entrusted. While we preferred your original text, the amended Polish text, which YOu read out a short time ago, would also seem ta us to suit the situation quite weU. We think it is necessary to . give the coIl1IllÏ$sion some discretion but, in the exercise of that discretion, the commission must bë limited to the question which it is investigating. In pai'agraph 2 we have linrited the investi- 'gation of the commission. The commission can rtot go around inquiring'into everything, but it can go where it d<tems it necessary to find out the facts relating to the alleged frontier violations. We agreed to that text unanimously. Paragraph 2 seems tg set a limitation on what thé commission can do within its 0"'0 discretion.· Taking the r(:solution. as a whole, as it must be taken, it seems to us that the amended Polish text is. quite a(:ceptableand fits the case. The PR1&SIDENT: That is my.suggestion. What 1 think the representative of Austtalia was referring to was the suggested change 1 made 'w~~n 1 openedthe çliscussion on this paragraph, tellil"lg the representativeof Poland that Icould support.his amencled paragraphif hewould accept those thre~ words.. The repre$entative of Poland said that he would gladly accept them. Thus they are to he added.to the text as it stands' on' ,this paper and they come .before the Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom): 1 am sure your original text is by far the best, Mr. President, and·1 shall have to vote for that. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics): 1 am ready to accept the text proposed by the Polish representative, and 1 shall not insist on my amendment to this text. Mr. KOSANOVIé (Yugoslavia): Mr; President, 1 accept the Polish amendment with your amendment. 1 think the remark made by the representatîve pf Greece is illogical. We are accused of provoking ciVil war in Greece, in northern Greece--I do not know where. Why be afraid to go' there. and show the facts to the commission of the Security Council, to carry out an investigation there, in order to prave that theYugoslavs are provoking the civil war? 1 do not know why he should be afraid. Mr. LANGE (Poland): 1 am very glad that the represelltative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics has withdrawn bis amendment.· 1 think that will make it easier for us to agree. . 1 1 think the representanve of Australia was very .accuraœ in interpreting·the intent of my text, namely, that the commission should be free to move in an four cauntries, whereverit wishes. There is, however, an indication that it is expeeted to travel to places where a.n investigation may throw light on the problem in which we are interested..Itdoes not mean that it should mave abou,t arbitrarily. '

If there isno further com.,. ment by any representative on the Council, . 1 will put the Polish.· amendment With my suggested change~the addition accepted by hïm-to the vote. 1 will read itonce more: ' "That the cbmrniSsion'shall have authority to conductits investigation in northem Greece andin sud~ places inother.parts of Greece, in .Albania, . Bulgaria and Yugoslavia as 'the commission éonsidersshould be inc1uded .in ,'itsinvestigation morder·, to· 'elucidate the .. caùsesand the nature of the· above~mentiol1ed border· violatioils and dïsti.trbances.;

1 must observe that to leave ouf "in" would be incorfect as a matter of English because you have mentioned: "northein Greece and in such places in other parts of Greece ..." You cannot say: "in other parts ()f Albania, in other parts of Bulgaria ..." It is a necessary word as a matter of English. Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom): Mr. President, may 1 make one more appeal ta you to retain your own text? Your text reads: "That the commission shaII have ;.uthority to eonduct its investigation in the area ..." The idea of area can only mean the area'as defined in thefirst paragraph, including northern Greece. We agreed on that formula: "northe..rn Greece along the frontier between Greece on the one hand, and Albania, Yugoslavia and Bu1galia on the other." That surely covers everything. What troubles me about the Polish amendment is the special mention of northern Greece as a separate area to be treated in a different manner. 'However 1 do not object to: "northern Greece along the frontier between Greece on the one hand, and Albania, Bulgaria, and 'Yugoslavia 'on,the other." In the:United States text of paragraph 5 the words "in the area" must refer to wh;;tt has :ken defîned in that way in our paragraph ·1. That difficulty iS thus avoided, and "northern Greece" .appears in a for~ wmch has been acceptedalready; namely: "northern Gre~ce along the frontier".

As the representative of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 1 have a natural preference. for the text that we proposed. However, 'as has been emphasized several times during the 'discussion of this case, 1 think.it is extremely important for the Council to reach agreement and to set up the commission wmch we aIl desirè to gn out and investigate thissituation. . 1 cannat agree with the specifie objection of the representative of the United Kingdom to the mention of "northem Greece" in the Polish amendment. It was for that reason that 1 asked for the insertion in the first· paragraph of the expression: "befoi:'e the Council attempts to reach any conclusions regardîng the issues. involved." POlis~l amend'llent, with the smaIl addition suggested by myself and acçepted by him, to raise their hands. A vote was then taken by show"·of hands and paragraph 5 of the United States resolution as amended by the Polish representative and with the addition of three words was adopted by nine votes with two abstentions. Votes for: Australia Brazil China France Mexico Netherlands . Poland Union of Soviet Socialist Republics United States of America glais): . de position point tion, tion amendée et de Abstentions: Egypt United Kingdom HASSAN Pasha (Egypt): The.Egyptian delegation wished to abstain on. theJ?olish amendment, because the United States proposalsounds more legal to its ears. That is the only question which troubles us, with the exception, of course, of the amended proposal,1 refertoo ta at the beginning, concerning the disjunction of two phrases in that paragrÊ-ph. The .PRESIDENT: The Egyptianrepresentative stél.ted that. bis abstention was essentiaIly on the fust pâragraph of the Polish text. présentant tionportcit graphe· des Etats-Unis controverse. de paragraphe· adapté The sixth paragraph of the United States draft resolution, 1 hope and believe, will not cause ccntroversy in any quarter. It reads: "That the Security Couneil request the Secretary-General tocommunicate with the appropriate authorities of the countries named above· in order to facilitate the commission's investigation in those countries/' AIl in favour of tliat pal agraph will please in· dicateit by raising theirhand.'1. A vote was then takên b"v show of hands and the. s1..xth p,r.llragraph of t!J,e United States resolUifionwas {Mlopted unanimôusly. Tne PRESIDENT: The seventh a1J.d last paragraph of the UJ?Ïted States draft resolution reads as·follows: "That each.representative on the coIIllllÎesion lJe entitledto select the personnel neceGsarytc assist him and that, in addition, the .Security Council request the Secretary-General , tième' lution ,"That each representative on the commission be entitled to take with him one or two assistants and that, in addition) the ~ ~curity Council request the Secrctary-General to provide the necessary number of technical staff." Speaking as the representative of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA' on this last and final paragraph, 1 much prefer the text that our de1egation has presented. 1 think we can re!y on this commi&sion, constituted, as it will'now be, of aU e1even members of the Securi:tY Council, to exercise its own internaI discipIihe. It is unlikely that any one member of that commission will desire to take aIong an excess~ve staff. If a member has such a desire, 1 think that the other members of the Council and of the commission, and tl;1e President, can handle the matter themselves. 1 should dislike seeing an arbitrary figure given, whîch would restrict the number of assistants that a representàtive on that commission may have. In making this plea for the text of my own resolution, 1 would ~k for further comment, from the other representatives. 1 will put to the votefirst the amendment of the Union of Sovi~t Socialist Republics. Is there any<IUrtlier-diScûss:i:on 'on this paragraph? Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated trom Russian): The Council has decided that the commission should cousist of representatives from aIl States repre... sented on the Council. Thus. there will he eleven principal representatives; Apart fromthem, there will aIso be certain assistantS and technicro 'assistants. If we consider that each representative .will have under him, let us say, five assistants, then members of, the commission would have a total of fifty-five assistants under them, and the rlhole partywiU consist of sixty~six people. This represents a whole rai1way cO::Jr.h ~'ill of people who will of C'.:.urse trave! oflkkHym the territory of Greece, Yugoslavia, AlL-J.;-...a. and Bulgaria. These journeyswill cause congestion .especial1y in the territory of these smaU countries. It seems to me that the object is not to take as many people as possible, but that thè commissinn and its appâratus should workefficiently; an extertsive apparatus is howevernot necessarily an efficient apparatus. 1 dunk' it' would be expedient tolimit the number bath oft..1.t: immediate assistants of the principal' representatives on the .commi..~ion and of the technicar assistants of members of the COlnmissioI.l. We must aIso. bear in mind the fact that transport and housing' di1Ïiculties' exist in aU these countries, that is to say, in' Greece, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Albania; l thinkthe commission of the Security Council would be

1 entirely agree with the sentiments expressed by therepresentative of the Soviet Union, and 1 think·that they might weIl be transmitted ta the commission when it has br..en set up, in any directive the Council may wish ta give. I mildly regret setting an arbitrary limit on the number of persons that may be taken, becau.se situations may arise in a particu.- lar case wheIe it w:ould be ne.cessary ta exceèd .any limit sel:. ' .While expressing my full agreement with the rèpresentative oftheUIÙcu of Soviet Socialist Republics regarqing the principles and the attitude which should beadopted by this commission and its personnel towards those countries in order to expedite our business, 1 wculd inquire if· he wishes me to put this·amendment ta a vote now. 1 will gladly do so. It is, however, not clear to me whether he wishes to withdraw it or not. Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) '(translated trom Russian).: Mr. President, may•.I. consider that the opinion. of, the Council on this question isthatthe staff of workers accompanying members 'ôf. the commission,. of illquirywill. belimited,and that thenumber of workers will not be greater_ than ~ nec~~ry for the fulfilment of the commission~s task; l.hat. is ta say, that the staff will not be large? May l' consider that·thisis the opinion of memben. Qlf th.e Security Council? Mr. HASLUCK (Australia): So far as, our . delegation isconcenied, itcertainly isouropinion. - 1"'he PRESIDENT:lwould state .con#dently thât that is the sentiment of the Council, w4ich should,be conveyed tothis commission when it is constituted. Istate that,in the fOrm of a decla., l'ation, unless any m.emberof the Countil.wishes to. Illakes0m.e objectiOll. .:M.. GROMYKO. (Ut;Üon of Soviet' Socialist Republics): I shall not insist on putting •the pr(\oosal ta a,vote.' . -The. PRESIDENT:, In that case, J would st<tte that in, the directives 'Which will<bedrawn.up for thecornmissiop.,~ the views of.'the Security. -- - r49.I------------~---

A final amendment offered by the representative of Poland reads as follows: "That represej'iltatives of the Governments of Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia be invited to participate in the work of the commission in a consultative capacity." Is there any comment? Mr. LANGE (Poland):I should like ta explain briefly the reasons for this amendment. Of course it is stated in one of the previous paragraphs that the commission shall have authority to cap, upon the Government officials of those countries. In the form in which l presented the amendment~ it goes one step further, namely, ensuring that the representatives'of these'Governments would act in a consultative capacity, which :of course includes consultation with the commission, and would allow, for example, Greek officials to go into Albania, and Albanian or Bulgarian officials to cross to the Greek side of the border. 1 think that is rather desirable as it would avoid any lack of contact between . them. , Mr. KOSANOVIé (YugoslaVla): 1 am very much in favour of fuis amendulent, as 1 think this would ensure the continuation of the work we have accomplished here,' we the representatives of Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia. l think our workhere h~ possibly been of some assistance. Sa it would equally help if the experts were people who knew and were really anxious to find the right solution of this problem. 1 t:hink tiley would help in the good work and it would be less prejudiced. We areall interested countries. It li; muèh better. It wouldgreatly help the work ofthe commission. .Mr. GROMYKO (Union of Soviet Sociallst • participent , ~epubliçS) (translated trom Russian): l should like,to say a iew words in defence of the amendmentsubmitted by the Po~h repre~entative. l do not think it would be quite çorrect ta place the representatives of the Governments of th~, four '. ~ountries on aIiequal footing with pn~ate Cltizens and, representatives of private SOClal organizations in these countries. In view ofthese,considerations, l tI-ànk that t~eI?roposalsubmitted,br,the Polish repreSentatlVeIScorrect.1v.[oreover, in view of the fact that , the representatives of Greeceand also those of Yug?S1avia, BulgariaaIld Albania are participat- 'Ing.ID the discussion olthis quesqon in the Secunty Council, it would ,beextremely useful if HASSAN Pasha (Egypt): 1 am sorry to disagree with my colleagues on the other side of this table. 1 do not think that this amendment which has been added by the Polish representative is really in harmony with the precediÎ1g paragraph, which we have aU accepted. What we mean by the precedfug paragraph, 1 think, is t.'bat various Governments should lend their helpful service, being channels of trai·lsmission to enable the conmùssion to do its work. Then 1 would say tt'1at thd1" work would be administrative, not judicial.' From this last suggestion made by the Polish representative, wh:±. iô in fact not very clear, it seems to me that the Polish suggestion tends to assodate the repn."'Sentatives of these variou5 Governments with the work of the commission itself, which, it seems to me, wùLl1d be in 'some way a judidal work, as it would Ï1ilply investigating the matter. 1 do not really see how these various Governments could Iegàlly be assodated with the judicial work which is to be carried out by the commiSsion, when ~ of them are implicated in the complaints. 1 understand that they should lend adininistrative channels to help the cOlIlIpÎssion , to accomplish its task, but 1 cannot see that they should be associated, even in the capacity of consultants, with the wO,rk oft1}e commissi0!1, which is more or less of a judicial nature. So 1 am afraid 1 cannot agree with this last sugges- .tion, as 1 think.it is contraty to the concept of the whole proceeding which we arenow undertaking. As 1 say, the task of the various GovernmentS is to assist the commission in its work, administratively, but the work of the commission itself implies the judidal side of the case, and on this judicial side, the various Governments concerned cannot be assodated even in. the capadty of consultants. Mr. LANGE (Poland): 1 cannot quite agree with the represen1'ative of Egypt. The functions of the co1l11llÎ&-;ion are not to make decisions, but toascertain tl,.e facts. It is quiteobvious that, even without the last passage which 1 proposed, the representatives 'of the different Governments concerned will co-operate with the commission in a consultative way. l 'atn quite sure that when it travels in Greece, it will be accompanied by members, Iepresenting the Greek Government, and perhaps aIso of the Yugoslav Government, . etc. What t~l;'amounts to is simply that the representatives of these four Governments would cross the frontier with the 'commission. l think .t1].at is a matter of a certain împortan~e. Ml'. DENDRAMIS (Greece) (translated Irom French): 1 consider this paragraph pointless, because the commission will in any case have the right to calI for evidence from any national of the country in which the investigation is taking place. A short while ago, moreover, we accepted the idea that the commission could appeal to the Government and officials of that country. It '\\'ill receive the assistaIice of alI these persans and, for that reason, 1 see no n~ed to add this paragraph, which in my yiew will hamptr the commission's worIç. Mr. HSIA (China): 1 am sorry that our delegation is not able to support this amendment, for reasons that are quite simple. Th~ success of this commission naturally depends upon the hearty co-operation of all the parties' concerned. Co-operation involves possible participation and consultation. However, ta have'these words definitely inserted and ta make a specifie reference may cause misunderstanding. What does participation mean? 1 am not quite clear. Does it mean that every time the commission meets, the representatives .of these various countries will be present and take part in the discussion? Agam; what is consultation? 1 think tha~ in order ta avoid any possible misunderstanding, we would prefer that this particular amendment be not accepted.

1 should like ta suggest, as Presi~ent, that th~ views of everyone might be met if the world "consultative" could be re-· placed by the word "liaison". It does not mean the same thing, .but it is a compromise between the views expressed at this table. Ml'. KasANOVlé (Yugoslavia): 1 think it would possibly be preferable 1.0 insert the. ward "observer", sa that it wouJd then read: "with participation of obsen'ers~' (or "rnembers" or ~'representatives") of thê .respective Governments. This would prevent complaints later on. 1Iee! certain we shall have complaintsfrom th~ respective Governri:lents which mignt state that "

Speaking as the representa" tive of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 1 must object to the use of the word "observer". 1 do not think we can admit th,at. It would· po~bly givc rise to a claim of a right to sit at all meet" ings of tlùs commission. 1 tltink the commission must have a right to decide in each case whether or not meetings are to he closed. 1 would venture to rèpeat again my suggestion of the word "liaison" wmch 1 believe will cover all the legitimate claims for contacts which may be put up. 1 think we may aIso expect that the commission which goes out will be imbued with a very mgh spirit of conciliation and that their general attitude towards the counoies they are visiting will be one of understanding and the utmost courtesy. 1 personally do not anticipate any rea! trouble, 1 think .that by employing a loose term Iike "liaison", we will give the chairman of the commission and.the commission itself full control over the situation. As repre" sentative of the United States 1 amwilling to leave it in the hands of the commission set up by this Côuncit Mr. LANGE (Poland): 1 accepi YOUf suggestion.The text thus reads: "Thata representative of each of the Govemments of Greece,' Albania, Bulgar~ and Yugoslavia"-I would change the order maybe to"Greece, Yugoslavia, 'Albania and Bulgaria", putting the Meniber nadons first-"be invited to participate in the work of the commission in a liaison capacity:" The'PRESIDENT: A representative? 'Mr. LANGE (Poland) : A representative. Mr., KOSANOVIé (Yugoslavia): Ras the liaison officer the right to be. prese!!t in every country or onlyJocally in the respeCtive coun~ tries? . The.PRESIDENT: ~ 1 understand'it, he would be with: the commission an the time. .HASSAN Easha (Egypt): 1 accept willingly . the word '~liaison", butI.do not thinkI would beinclinedto accept theword "p~cipate".1 would suggest that.we.change it to "to take part in" rather than "to participate in the work". 1 am sorry thatwe.cannot accept this amepdmeqt. , I.,i"~ltertant-Gen.eral StOYTCHEFF (Bulgaria) (translatedtrom French): If is cleai that such liaison officers are neceSsary and must 'ex . The FRESIDENT: 1 think the representative of Bulgaria has perhaps partIy misunderstood a portion of what has been said before on this subject. It has been fully agreed that that is the , case, that the liaison officers will remain with the conunission and accompany it in aIl its trave1s, no matter what country they go to. That li; understood. Liaison officers from ail four countries will remain with the commission whercver it goes, as long as it functions. The objection made by the representative of Egypt to the expression "to participate in the work" is not one whioh causes the United States delegation any particular concern, but in order to reach agreement and unanimity on this question, H possible, 1 suggest that that might be replaced by the words: "to join or associate themselves with the commission in a liaison capacity." Mr. HSIA (China): May 1 suggest the word "assist" instead of "associate"? HASSAN Pasha (Egypt): That would be the right word, 1 think. .The PRESIDENT: Is that change accepted by the representative of Poland? Mr. LANGE (Polan,d): Yes,that is satisfactory.

The amendment will therefore read: "That a representative of each'of the Governments of Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia be invited to assist in the work of the commission in a liaison capacit:y." Will ailthose in fa:vour of that amendment please raise their hands? A votewas then taken by show of hands, and t/[,e Polish amendment with changes suggested by the representatives of China and of the United States of America was adopted,unanimously.

There is bne last amendment which has been presented by the repre- ' sentative of the United Kingdom, reading as follows: "That the commission be invited to make ~y proposaIs thàt it may deem wise foraver!- mg, a repetition of disturbancçs in those frontier>areas,"/ . Counci~ when the matter cornes back for its consideration. l'would have been the first 'to agree to the proposaI if 1 had thought it might he helpful tothe Council and to the investigating ~ommission of the Council, but 1 believe it would complicate the task of the commission more than we might at first think. That is why 1 canùot agree with this. Mi. GROMYKO (.union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated· from Russian): 1 .am unable to support the proposaI submitted by Sir Alexander Cadogan. 1 thiIik that this·is a task for the Security Council. On the basis of the commisSion~s report and of the result of the investigations which. it will conduct on the spot, the Security Council will have to decide what proposais arise out of this investigation and of the report and also what recommendations suggest themselves. That is the first consideration. In the second place, it seems tome that it (will .be an extreme1y difficult and aImost impossible task for the commission if, apart from the investigation of the situation on the spot, •and , drawing up a defurlte report characterizing the situation, we also instruct the conunission to prepare proposaIs· relating to measures for pre;' venting the. recurrence ,of disturbances sucb as ,those taking place· in Greece at. present, This task is too complicated. 1 am, afraid that if the commission undertakes thistask it will be unable to fulfil it. Thatis the second çonsideration. In the third place, the wordingis.incorrect in substance. According·.to this amendment, the disturbances .. are taking place in .th~ frontier zones of aIl four coqn~es, afthough this is not . Sir Alexander CADOGAN (United Kingdom): 1 am not greatly impressed by the 'argument that this would give commission members much extra work to do. 1 rea1ly do not think that is the case. They are going to iiwestigate the situation there and) in any case, they will get a pretty good grasp of the actual conditions. 1 do not _believe it will give them very much morework to consider what things might be done in future ta prevent a recurrence of the trouble. With regard to what the representative of the Union of Soviet'Socialist Repub1Ïcs said, ~ knew that someone would say) "This is work for the Council to do." Of course it is. But what' 1 meant was that if the Council~ as 1 hope it will, eventua1ly considers some method 'of p,reventing the recurrence of these dangers, 1 hope it will only make local decisions whicll are reasonable; and 1 thought it a good thing, therefore, .that we shculd put into our resolution a proviso asking the commission to bear in mind that it , might be asked to make suggestions, or even give its opinion on suggestions that the Council might make, for averting this kind of thing ~. the future. If we are going to try to find some method of doingthat, we must know what is possible. 1 do not think this would give the comm1ssion very much more work. 1 do not think it would be overburdened. 1 do not think it is impOl~ble' for it to undertake this because, as a matter of fact, 1 remember that this was done by another commission sorne' twenty-one years ago on the Greek-Bulgarian frontier. It largely helped ta put an end to existing 'troubles and, as fa!" .as 1 remember, it suggested sorne provisions for watching over that frontier wmch 'were adopted by the Council of the League of Nations with great success. Therefore, this is no wild id~a. Ithas been used before'and 1 do ask the Couricil ta include it in its resolution. 1. think it would have the effect of makjngtheeommission bear in mind that this. àspect of. the matter might be worth consigeration atld report to the Council. "I,;_.'_'~': 'Mr. LANGE (Poland-) :What 1 wanted to say ~as rea1lybeen saidalready by the representatives of Egyptandthe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Isha1l therefore not repeat the argu- ?Ient. 1 merely w~tedto say that, ,of course, it Mr. KOSANOVIé (Yugoslavia): 1 think the amendment made by Sir Alexander Cadogan is tosome extent in contradiction with the proposed amendment to the first paragraph: ". . . before the Council attempts to reachany conclusion regarding the issues involved"; it would thus mean that the Security COÙllcil is in ~ome way bound by the opinion of the commission..The commission should collect material and lay it before the. Council, and the Council will decide; the opinion.of the commission may or may not be obseryed..So 1 am against the proposed amendment. . Mr. VAN KLEFFENS (Netherlands): It seems to me that, supposing this· amendment is adopted, we should be using the same phrases for. the same ideas. A little while ago we came to the conclusion-I do not know whodrew attention to it-that we should not talk about . "disturbances", but abolit "border violations and disturbances,". Sir Alexander Cadogan's· resolutians only mentions disturbances. 1 sugg~t that .itwould he better ta say "a repetitioîl of 'border. violationsaTUi disturbances in those areas", and omit the word "frontier".

Mày 1 ask therepresentative of the Netherlands or of the ·United Kingdom to read the~ amendedresolution as it DOW stands? . " . " Mr. VAN KLEFFENS (Netherlands): "That the co~onbe invited to make anyproposals that itmay deem wise for avertinga repetition of border violations and disturbances in those areas." 'Ücmtenant-Genetal STOYTCHEFF (Bulgaria) (translated from French): 1 remember the incidel1tsreferred tn bythe representative of me United Kingdo.tn, and itseems. to me thatthe nature.of. thesèincidents ·was entirely different fronlthose which.aren9w taking place. 1 believe that, evenif the co~sionisasked ta determine measures-likely _.ta prevent these incidents, it will 110t be ina position ta applythem. The PRESIDE~T: 1 suggest the discussion on this amenCÙ:lJ.el1t be closed and 1 will putit ta a Vote. .AlI infavourofthe amendmentas further amended by.·the 'l'epreseritativeqf the NetherlandS .-.andac!cepted .by the. representative of the United Kingdom willplease taise t1:leir hands. Votes for: Australia Brazil China France Mexico Netherlands. United Kingdom United States of America Abstentions: Egypt Poland Union of Soviet Soci:ilist Republics HASSAN Pasha (Egypt): 1 said at the heginning that 1 did not think it was helpful and 1 still do not think the amendment should be put in this way, because wedonot even mention a final report of the commission. 1 would have suggested that ·weadd aparagraph saying: "That th~ final report of the commission skall contain such suggestions asit might deem fit"to avoid the recurrence of such incidents"~ because really 1 do not think we can legally put theproposal as it is, without amplification. But of course, these suggestions, e:ven if they are made by the commission, must be contained in the final report, which has not been mentioned at all in this article. We spoke atout preliminary reports and BO forth, but we'never spoke about a final report~ ,. sU: Alexander CADOGAN (ÙnitedKingdom): 1 do not know what the final report is. A report is mentioned in paragraph 't

The resollltionis already passed. The fourth paragTaph providestb::!.t·the C!;lrrlInission, if it deems it advisahle, or ifso. requested· by the Security Council,· shall make pre1iminary reports to the .Security Council. That means interim progress reports.1\s l understand the suggestion whichhas just been adoptedin the amendment of the United Kingdom representative, it is merely an invitation, an expression to the commission of the Council's desire that it should makeany proposais wlîich may OCèur to it, as a result ofitsinvestigation, which might contain suggestions for avertiIig·a repetition of these incideilts. It seems to me immaterial whether a response to that illvitation is ettlbodied ID an interim or·progress report, in a special repült,·or in the final report. The· com- 'mission is authorized to makereports and may or may notrespond to this.invitation at anytime undel' the mandate contained in the fourth paragraph. The ~endment offered by the repre- . s~ntative of the United Kingdom waspassed by elght votes, with three abstentions. RESOLUTION ON GREECE "Whereqs there have been presented ta the Security Council oral and written statements by the Greek, Yugoslav, Albanian and Bulgarian Governments relating to disturbed conditions in . northern Greece along the frontier between Greece on the one hand and Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia on the other, wmch conditions, in the opinion of the Oouneil, should he investigated before the COlli1.cil attempts to reach any conclusions regardi'ng the issues invoived; "Resolves: "That the Security Council under Article 34 of the Charter establish a Commission of Inves- tigation to ascertain the facts relating to the ~leged border violations along the frontier be- tween Greece on the one hand and Albania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia on the other; "That the Commission be composed of a rep- resentative of each of the members of the Secu- rity Cauneil as it will be constituted in 1947; "That the Commission shall praceed to the area not later than 15 January 1947, and shall subrilÏt ta the Security Council at the earliest possible date a report of the facts disclosed by . its investigation. The Commission shall, if it deems it advisable or if requested by the Se~u­ rity Conncil, make preliminary reports to th~ Security Council; "That the Commission shall have authority to conduct its investigation in northern Greece and in such places in other parts of Greece, in Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia as the Com- mission considers sh'ould be included in its in- vestigation in order ta elucidate the causes and nature of the above-mentioned border violations and disturbances; "That the Commission shall have authority to call upon the Governments, officiaIs and na- tienais of thosecountries, as weIl as such other sources as the Commission deems necessary, for information relevant to its investigation; "That the Security Council request the Sec- retary-General to communicate with the appro- priate authorities of the countries named above in order to facilitate the Commission's investiga-:- tion in those countries; "That each representative on the Commission be entitled to select the p~rsonnel necessary to assist him and that, in adçlition, the Security Council request the Secretary-General to provide such sta~ and assistance to the Commission as it deems necessary for the prompt and effective fulfilment of its task; "That a representative of each of the Governments of Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and 1 aIso fee! that there is no necessity for an- nouncing a further meeting of this Council dur- ing the Christmas holidays, unless it is requ~ted or desired by sorne member of the Council, or unless sorne unusual circumstances make it nec- eS$ary. . 1 therefore propose that the next meetmg of the Council should be held at 3 p.rn. on Tues- day, 31 December, when we 'shall meet, if for "10 other purpose than to bid god-speed to our three colleagties who willbe leaving the Coun- cil on that date. Mr. LANGE (Paland): Mr. President, 1 want to associate :nyse!f with your expression of great happiness that we have been able to achieve such a unanimous result in this meeting, and 1 think 1 express the feelings of all my colleagues when 1 coIigratulate YOll on your contribution in this matter. Mr. DENDRAMIS (Greece) (translated trom French) : The resolution which we have adopted will mark the opening of a new era in the ma- chinery of international conciliation. It will cre- ate a precedent, the first in the sphere of the pacific settlement of international disputes. On the way in which the Commission will discharge its functions will depend the establishment of new legal syr.tems. Greece will be happy if the trials she ha~ suffered result, by way of com- pensation, in the re-establishment of order and peace in the Balkans, and if sheproves to have contributed to the establishment of a healthy legal system of infinitely wider scope which wiJl constitute a milestone in the life of our Organi- zation. Lieutenant-General STOY;TCHEFF (Bulgaria) (translated trom French): 1 wish to thank you, Mr. President, and all the members of the Council, for having given my country the oppor- tunity to state its case and to defend itself against the accusations which have been made against us; and in.the name of my Govertunent 1 wish you success in all that you may·undertake in the future.

1 thank the representative of Bulgaria for bis kind wishes. 1 wish 1'oU aIl a very happy Christmas and New Year. . The meeting rose at 8.30 p.rn.