S/PV.875 Security Council

My delegation has listened with the utmost interest to the statements made by the representative of the United States andthe Foreign Minister of Cuba at the 874th meeting and has taken due note of the draft resolution submitted for consideration to the Council [8/4392], which has been se eloquently, persuasively and clearly set forth by the representatives of Argentina and Ecuador. et 2. The Italian delegation is indeed concerned by the allegations brought before the Council by the Govern-" ment of Cuba. We are worried especially because of the close ties existing between the people of Italy and all the peoples of the Americas due to ethnic, cultural and economic links, and we feel that it is our duty, as a responsible member of the international community and in particular as a member of this body, to spare no effort in order to contribute to the elimination of causes of friction and sources of trouble, wherever and whenever they arise. 3. It has-been a long tradition among American States to.deal with situations and differences arising between them by seeking solutions through peaceful means, in 4. The origin of this tradition, which has proved so fruitful in the development of relations among American States, may actually be traced back to that very Monroe Doctrine of which the representative of the United States has reminded us today—that doctrine which has finally evolved into a common regional organization binding together the community of States existing in the Americas, an organization whichrepu~ diates any outside interference, as clearly emerges from the Act of Chapultepec of 1945, the Inter- American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, signed at Rio de Janeiro in 1947, the Pact of Bogota of 1948 and the Declaration of Caracas of 1954. 5. That organization, constituted with such aims and developed ‘in the awareness ofits regional responsibilities, has proved to be a most useful instrument and, we feel, a constant and vigilant aidto all the par- _ ticipating States for the attainment, when differences: arise, of solutions which would otherwise be more difficult to achieve. 6. On the other hand, the Charter ofthe United Nations itself specifies the advisability. of having recourse to regional organizations. My delegation feels that the situation existing between Cuba and the United States is one which in its present phase, and particularly in consideration of the fact that the Organization of American States is already seized of the problem, should be dealt with, meanwhile, within that sphere. And I think that the decision adopted today by the Council of the Organization of American States, of which the members of the Council are certainly aware, strengthens this belief of mine. 7. The Government of the United States. submitted a memorandum on 27 June to the Inter~American’ Commission on Methods for the Peaceful Solution of ‘Conflicts, and the Security Council should, in due course, receive a report from the Commission on the matter. This is a procedure which is envisaged both by the regional arrangements entered into by the. American States and by Article 54 of the United Nations. ' Charter. 8. Besides, just because the Security Council is the supreme organ working on behalf ofthe United Nations on problems of war and peace, of security and order, and on the state of affairs of the community of nations at large—for all these reasons, I would say, the Security Council should be calledin only when other avenues, as provided by regional arrahgements, have been properly explored. 9. Now this is, according to the Government of Cuba, mainly a dispute between Cuba and the. United States. If the regional organization were by-passed, 2 situation could be implicitly brought about in which the responsibility and functions of the Organization of American States might be disregarded and their effectiveness and prestige impaired. This is why my delegation favours the adoption of the draft resolution submitted by Argentina and Ecuador which, taking into account these circumstances, would provide for a suspension tion zation of American States. . 11. And there is here no case of conflict between the obligations of the interested Member States under our Charter and their obligations under other international agreements—the situation envisaged in article 103 of. the United Nations Charter—because what the draft resolution in front of us is aiming at is not that the Security Council should decline totake on the examina~ tion of the problem butthatit shouldsimply adjourn it. in other words, the draft resolution takes note of the well defined sequence for actions on problems which ‘défini also pertain to regional arrangements or organiza~ tions,. 2 sequence which can be easily drawn from the statutory provisions of the Charter. The Council, no doubt, will act wisely in following such a sequence. It would thereby allow the well established procedures of the Organization of American States—which have proved most fruitful in other cases—to be applied - before deliberating on the case brought before it by the Cuban Government. — 12. Further, the draft resolution stresses the peaceful aim for which the Organization of American States and the United Nations are striving, namely, the developmene of friendly and harmonious relations between nations. , : 13. Finally, the draft resolution calls upon all Member States to refrain from gestures which may provoke a further deterioration in the relationship between Cuba and the United States, and I am sure it is strongly desired that no Member State will, through incitements, harassments, misleading descriptions of facts or otherwise, bring about a worsening of the existing situation. ; 14. We do not believe that our friend and ally, the United States of America, is pursuing a policy of aggressive acts against Cuba, and we heard a solemn statement to this effect by the representative of the United States today. In so far as we can judge, the United States Government has gone along way in trying to establish a modus vivendi with Cuba and it has acted with moderation and restraint in bringing to the fcre its point of view, even in circumstances in which accusations have not been spared against them. 15. At any rate, itis, we feel, our duty to try to assist for the time being the regional organization by letting it pursue its efforts to make an objective appraisal. 16. For all these reasons; my delegation will support the draft resolution submitted by Argentina and Ecuador. 17, Mr. BERARD (France) (translated from French): The Security Council was asked on 11 July by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Revolutionary Government of Cuba to consider a "grave situation ... with manifest danger to international peace and security", to use the actual words of the letter {S/4378] that brought about the present meeting. The letter then _ went on to list a series of occurrences on which it did _ not elaborate but which it stated wouldbe described in greater detail at the appropriate time. The statement of the Cuban Minister for Foreign Affairs, though long and apparently well documented, nevertheless failed to provide conclusive evidence implicating the United States Government, 18. If the Council is to take action appropriate to the circumstances, it must be completely convinced of the authenticity of the facts submitted for its consideration. Allegations and charges which are not backed by suf= ficient evidence cannot form a basis for such a conviction, nor can they make any useful contribution towards rectifying a situation which may give ground for concern, The assertion that aggressive acts were repeated is no proof of their actual occurrence. The mere fact that numerous incidents have taken place does not constitute adequate justification for the grave charges which have been levelled in this Council. 19. In short, I cannot find in the statement by the Cuban Minister for Foreign Affairs any proof of aggression or of threats of aggression on the part of the United States. Furthermore, no matter what grounds . for complaint Cuba may consider it has against the United States Government, it has no justification for demonstrating its dissatisfaction by the expropriation of private property owners. The figures quoted by the Minister for Foreign Affairs have not shaken my delegation's belief that actual confiscation is involved, since there is no provision for equitable compensation. Respect for lawfully acquired rights is still an undisputed principle whieh has been recognized even by the socialist countries in their treatment of aliens affected by measures of nationalization or agrarian reform. 20. The United States representative gave, in our view, 2 particularly apposite reply to the allegations and, indeed, to the fears expressed by Cuba's Minister for Foreign Affairs. Furthermore, one could not but be impressed by the formal assurances which he repeated here in a manner carrying profound conviction that the Government and the people of Cuba ean be | confident that the United States, far from pursuing or seeking to pursue an aggressive policy against their _ country, desires to strengthen the bonds of long= standing and close friendship. 21. Be that as itmay, my delegation does not consider that the Council should express any opinion on the substance of the issue. Under Article 33 of the United Nations Charter, which is couched in categorical 22. The draft resolution submitted by the representa~ tives of Argentina and Ecuador is fully in accordance with my delegation's views. That is why it will vote in favour of that text inthe fervent hope that the members of the Organization of American States will, by their advice, enable the parties to the dispute to reach agreement on a solution to the present situation. 23, Sir Claude COREA (Ceylon): itis amatter of deep regret and much concern that the friendly relations that have existed for many years between two neigh~ pouring States, both Members of the United Nations and of the Organization of American States, have become strained and disturbed during recent times. Situations of this kind do arise in relations between Governments, regrettable as that may be, but the path of wisdom appears to us to be to seek a way out and find a sensible solution. -réciproque 24. It is the policy of my Government, as a member of the Security Council, to do all we can to promote conciliation and to help in the mutual adjustment of differences by peaceful negotiation. This is also the policy indicated in the Charter of the United Nations. We are all familiar with Article 1 ofthe Charter, but, lest we forget, I she .ld like to quote a short extract from Article 1. It enjoins us: *To maintain international peace and security, ... and tobring about by peaceful means, and in conform ity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might leadto abreach ofthe peace". 25. The Security Council has a special responsibility regarding the maintenance of international peace and security, and as members of this Council it is our duty, in a situation such as we are faced with; te give effect to the Purposes and Principles of the Charter. 26. The Foreign Minister of Cuba, in his letter which is before the Security Council [S/4378], has asked for 27. The representative of the United States, in his statement, which was characterized by much modera~ tion and restraint, endeavoured to refute the charges that have been made by the Foreign Minister of Cuba, and has publicly given two important assurances. In the first place, he has stated categorically, in reply to the Foreign Minister of Cuba, that the United States plans no aggression against Cuba. This is a clear statement made by a responsible official of the United States Government, and must be taken at face value. In the second place, he expressed his desire for the restoration of friendly relations with Cuba. 28. In these circumstances, my delegationis strongly of the opinion that the way is opento a mutually satisfactory adjustment of the differences that have recently arisen and for the restoration of mutual goodwill and understanding which will enable the two countries to coexist on a peaceful basis. The Charter ofthe United Nations points out the way for us to establish peace. Article 33, paragraph 1, refers to the pacific settlement of disputes. But is it clear that such attempts as were made in this sense have in this case failed? Very likely, these attempts have not been made as vigor~ ously as they might have been; or, under emotional and other stresses which strained their relationships, the two countries concerned could not use any or all of the means prescribed in that paragraph. It was in these circumstances that the Government of Cuba decided, undoubtedly, to bring the dispute before the Security Council. 29. The Foreign Minister of Cuba argued at length on the right of his Government to come directly to the Security Council without first going te the regional organization. There can be no doubt that he has the right to choose whether he should put his case before the Security Council or before the regional organization. The Articles of the Charter amply support his contention, with which my delegation fully agrees. Itis not necessary to go into this matter at length, as it must be presumed that, when the agenda was adopted without objection, the jurisdiction of the Security Council and the right of Cuba were both admitted. No one has contested this point of view in the course of this discussion. Cuba has, therefore, the right not only to bring its dispute directly before the Security Council, but to ask that its case be fully examined. That is what the Council is nowdoing. We are engaged in the discussion of the substantive question which has been raised, namely, the acts alleged against the United States which are likely, so it is said, to create tension and endanger world peace and security. Atthe end of the discussion the Council will reach a decision. Unis these circumstances, to utilize that organization for _the free and full negotiations that are necessary to - dispel misunderstanding and create mutual confidence between the parties. Such a course seems tomy dele-. gation to be a far more desirable way to bring aout conciliation and mutual goodwill than for the Council to proceed to reach a decision here and now on the basis of the statements that havebeenmadeby the two parties concerned. It is the restoration of goodwill that is most required. This can be achieved better, especially in the light of the statement made by the representative of the United States on behalf of his Government, by a meeting of the two parties along with the other members of the organization, dans 81. In the Organization of American States Cuba enjoys equality of rights, and it is difficult to believe that in that organization there is any one who will interfere with ite right to build up its economy in the way best suited to its people, or to deny it the right to maintain good and friendly relations economically, ~ politically and socially with any countries it chooses. On the other hand, all the other member countries — will realize, as I am sure Cuba does, how important it is to restore good relations, both in the interests of hemispheric co-operation and development and for the promotion of international goodwill and peace. 32. The proposal is that we adjourn our further con~ sideration here in the Security Council in order to provide a better opportunity for the restoration of good understanding. This is to be only an interruption of © the discussion that is now proceeding in this Council, and in no way can it be interpreted as an attempt to deny to Cuba the right to have its case fully discussed here, As I said before, it must be considered only as an interruption for a purpose, andthe purpose, to which I referred earlier, is to make possible the use of a -& ‘et . better method for re-creating the understanding and goodwill which prevailed between these two countries in the past. It cannot be construed as an attempt to deny to Cuba the right to have its case heard and decided here. It is not in any sense, therefore, a kind. ' of manoeuvre to put off consideration. The proposal is made only because there exists a forum where an ' attempt at. reconciliation should be tried, with the assurence that if no settlement is reached the issue will be brought back to this Council for a final adju= dication, That is implicit in the draft resolution: the wording leaves no doubt on this point. In operative paragraph 1, these important words areused: "Decides to adjourn the consideration of this question" and the word "adjourn" is important in this context "pending the receipt of a. report from the Organiza= tion of American States". If to that we add the further $3. It is in the interest of all the members of the Organization of American States, including the two parties immediately concerned, te bring about a reasonable settlement and the restoration of goodwill. My delegation is therefore convinced that, having established her undoubted right te come to the Security Council, Cuba should now agree to make use of the good offices of the Organization of American States to’ obtain a satisfactory settlement; and if Cuba fails to do so she can, as sheis quite free to do, once again come to this Council to raise the issuein this Council if she is dissatisfied with the efforts made by the Organization of American States. $4. Cuba is entitled to the sympathy and support of all freedom-loving countries of the world in its attempt to throw off the yoke of a dictatorial and corrupt government and its endeavour to give to its people a better standard of living by bringing about revolutionary changes in its economic life. In the pursuit of this aim it is inevitable that many measures of reform that are introduced to achieve it will be disliked by those whose personal interests are interfered with. Such interests are often powerful and they will often seek to create ill will and prejudice against a Govern~ ment. It is our feeling that it is, perhaps, these inter~ ests that have used their powerful influence to create misunderstanding between the two Governments. 35. Especially in this situation, itwould serve auseful purpose if such misunderstandings were discussed round the table. Men of goodwill in such circumstances can hardly fail to reach mutual understanding, which is the basis of goodwill and friendly coexistence and good=neighbourly relations. We must, therefore, be most grateful to the representatives of Argentina and Ecuador for the draft resolution they have introduced. They can be assured that if it is accepted by this Council they will be helping both Cuba and the United States, with the assistance of all the other member States ofthe organization, to re-establish their friendly relations. 36. Such a result will be beneficial not only to Cuba and the United States, not only to the other Latin American countries, but also to the whole world. My . delegation, therefore, supports the draft resolution submitted by Argentina and Ecuador.

The Security Council is today considering a situation which has been referred to it by the Cuban Government and which, in the opinion of that Government, constitutes a grave danger to international peace. 38. My delegation has followed with close attention the statement made this afternoon by the Cuban Minister for Foreign Affairs, who expounded with sincere conviction the application submitted by bis Government, and the statement by the United States representative, who refuted the charges brought against his Government in that application. It is a pleasure to be able to pay atribute heretothe spirit of moderation ky which, despite the circumstances, these two state~ ments were marked. The United States representa~ ‘89. 39, As a friend of both parties, we are of course distressed by the continued existence of these misunderstandings, which lie at the root of the present situation. We would have liked to see these misunderstandings settled directly by means of straightforward bilateral negotiations that would have restored confidence between two countries which, despite all that has occurred, are called upon to coexist for the greater good of their respective peoples and of mankind as a whole. 40, Such bilateral negotiations do not, however, ap~ - pear capable of yielding satisfactory results at this stage. The issue has been referred tothe Organization of American States. Article 33 of the Charter of the United Nations formulates the principle that the parties to any dispute such as the one beforeus shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, inquiry, mediation, conciliation and resort to regional agencies or arrangements. 41. The provision made in this article for resort to regional agencies with a view to reaching an agreed solution between two parties cannot, in our view, be interpreted as precluding resort to a competent United Nations organ and, in particular, to the Security Council. Every State Member of our Organization is, of course, entitled as a fully sovereign Stateto appeal tothe Security Council if it deems it necessary to do se. But the general principles of our Charter are essen~ tially based on the search for amicable settlements hetween the parties by the most direct means. It is in that spirit that Article 38 makes it incumbent upon the parties to a dispute first of all to seek a solution by direct negotiation or resort to regional agencies or arrangements. 42. In the light of the statement made this afternoon by the Argentine representative, my delegation, actu~ ated by friendship towards the two parties, willrefrain from dealing with the substance of the issue at the present stage. It would appear to us that the Council, having heard statements on the situation by the two parties concerned and having been officially advised that the matter has been laid before the Organization of American States would, in the circumstances, be wise not to take any decision on the substance of the issue until the conclusions of that Organization are own. 43, My delegation expresses the hope thatthe Organization of American States will enable the two parties to find a mutually satisfactory solution, founded on justice and equality, that would put an endto the present situation once for all. Ifthe Organization fails to do so, the Council could take the matter up again after it has been notified of its conclusions. lying their effort towards achieving conciliation and ‘friendship on the basis of justice, and in accordance ‘with regional agreements and the principles of the Charter. 45. In the circumstances, my delegation would be. _ glad to support this draft resolution and hopes that the Security Council will adopt it.

The case of the complaint of Cuba against the United States which we have before us brings about serious consequences of a. political, legal and economic nature which most certainly will influence the further development of international relations and, therefore, it is undoubtedly a matter of universal concern. At the beginning of cur meeting this afternoon we were acquainted with the facts by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Cuba in his moving and excellently documented statement. These facts have not been refuted, although the United States representative made an obvious effortte defend the policies of his Government towards Cuba. 4%. The Revolutionary Government of Cuba, which is the result of the long struggle of the Cuban people, has overthrown the dictator Fulgencio Batista and Cuba has entered the road of important political, social and economic reforms aimed towards the liquidation of the backwardness of the country caused by the reactionary policies of the Batista régime. Inthe course of. these reforms, the Cuban Government decided to take over certain domestic and foreign assets in Cuba so that they could serve the common interest and welfare of the Cuban people. As aresult of this action, the United States Government decided to undertake a number of retaliatory actions which created a grave situation in Cuban-American relations and which included all the elements of economic aggression. At the instigation of foreign monopolies, which felt that their long exploitation of the Cuban people and its natural resources was coming to an end, a whole mechanism of economic and other pressure has been set in motion ‘against Cuba in order to force a change in the Cuban Government's policy of building. a new, prosperous and independent life for that country. Thereis no doubt that these monopolies and foreign interests are powerful. We in Poland know quite a lot about their operations, since once upon a time they were in control of the major part of our economy. 48. So it is with special emphasis that we state the necessity of respecting the sovereign right of every State to use its national resources and assets according to its own interest and policy. This right is guaranteed by the Charter and has been confirmed by numerous United Nations resolutions and by other international instruments to which the United States Government is also a party. Thus, for example, in General Assembly resolution 626 (VI), adopted on 21 December 1952, it was clearly stated that "the right of peoples freely to use and exploit their natural wealth and resources is inherent in their sovereignty and is in accordance with the Purposes and Principles ofthe Charter of the United Nations". interests, on the basis of equality and without any outside interference. We have always maintained this position and shail do so in the future. 50. Since the representative of the United States recalled during the debate this afternoon the principles and provisions which guide the Organization of American States, I should like to quote the provisions of articles 15 and 16 of the Charter of the Organization of American States signed in Bogota on. 30 April 1948. These articles, which are very appropriate to the case we have before us, read as follows. Article 15 states: "No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State. The foregoing principle prohibits not only armed foree but also any other form of interference or — attempted threat against the personality of the State or against its political, economic and cultural elements." Article 16 states: "No State may use or encourage the use of coercive measures of an economic or political character in order to force the sovereign will of another State and obtain from it advantages of any kind." 51. The Revolutionary Government of Cuba has given serious evidence of the existence of aggressive acts carried out against it from United States territory by persons who are guilty of the war.crimes committed under the Batista régime. This, together with the actions of some American nationals andthe manifestations of force over and near Cuban territory constitute a threat to the peace in this region of the world. The United States Government cannot free itself from responsibility for any actions against Cuba committed from the territory of the United States. Even if there were no acts of commission, the UnitedStates Government is most certainly guilty of an act of omission in not putting a stop to the actions which have been taken and which threaten the integrity and sovereignty of . Cuba. 52. I would like now to address myself to some legal aspects of the case before us, especially in view of certain observations that have been made in the dis= cussion so far. 538. The Cuban Government, in its letter of 11 July [8/4378] requesting the convening of a meeting of the Security Council so that this body may consider the grave situation resulting from the "repeated threats, harassments, intrigues, reprisals and aggressive acts" to which Cuba has been subjected by the Government of the United States, and take such measures as it deems fit, has invoked Article 34 and Article 35, paragraph 1, of the Charter. We have not heard any 54, The Revolutionary Government of Guba has stated - that the situation which now exists inits relations with the United States creates a manifest danger to international peace and security. Having defined its case, the Cuban Government availed itself of the provisions of Article 35, paragraph 1, ofthe Charter. By doing so, the Government of Cuba has used its sovereign right to choose the forum or organization before which it wishes to present its case and from which it seeks action. 55. I would also like to remind the members of the Council that Article 24 of the Charter provides that, "in order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security". I repeat, "primary responsibility". This brings me directly to the question whether the complaint of Cuba should be discussed here in the Security Council or in the Organization of ‘American States. 56.. The Government of Cuba has brought the complaint to the Security Council and requests the Security Council to consider it and take appropriate measures. Ac= cording to the draft resolution, the Security Council would decide to adjourn the consideration of this question, on the ground that the question of relations between Cuba and the United States should be discussed first in the Organization of American States. 57. It is for the Council to decide this issue. The Charter gives us clear directives in this respect also, One of them is contained in Article 52 which provides for the use of regional arrangements for dealing with such matters as are appropriate for regional action. Paragraph 4 of this Article however contains a specific reservation to the effect that this provision in no way impairs the application of Articles 34 and 35. Again, Article 34 states that the Security Council "may investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international friction or sive risetoa dispute". 58. The words "any dispute, or any situation” are of great importance in this context. It is obvious that the authors of the Charter found it necessary to safeguard the right of all States to seek assistance from the United Nations and its organs in situations which in their view might endanger the maintenance of international peace and security. Article 34, together with the provisions of Article 52, means that the Security Council can consider any case, regardless of other existing machinery, organization or body outside the United Nations, leaving the choice of the appropriate machinery, body 0or organization to the party directly concerned. 59. Moreover, Article 103 states: "In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Members of the United Nations under the pre- 60. raisons polonaise la prendre existe au 60. In conclusion, I would like to repeat that for both political and legal reasons the Polish delegation expects that a full discussion of the Cuban complaint in the Security Council will make it possible for the Council to take the proper action for which the grave situation now existing in the Caribbean area calis. I would ask the President to permit meto speak again on the draft resolution submitted by Argentina and Ecuador when the Council is ready to consider that draft resolution. _ possibilité gentine J'ai relations Etats-Unis. détail a Je Royaume-Uni ments

I have listened with care tothe speeches tothis Council by the Foreign Minister of Cuba and the representative of the United States. I do not propose to enter in any detail into th. charges which the Cuban Government has brought against the Government of the United States. I would merely say that we in the United Kingdom have not been impressed by the evidence which the Cuban Government has so far produced in support of its charges. 62. I should also say that we sympathize with the strong feelings expressed by Mr. Lodge at the arbitrary treatment by the Cuban Government of United States Lémotion bitraire intéréts -gsont interests in Cuba. The United States is not the only country to suffer in this way. The refinery of the Shell Company of Cuba, in which there is a substantial United Kingdom interest, was taken over by the Cubans on 1 July 1960 on a pretext which Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom is unable ta accept as reasonable. The company was for a period of months prevented by the policy of the Cuban autherities from functioning normally and was then confronted with a demand that it should refine crude oil from the Soviet Union, a demand which it could not have met without serious detriment to its established sources of supply, notably Venezuela. When the company asked for the withdrawal of the demand, its refinery was seized. finerie -le texte compagnie suite puis venance faire fuels, gences, 63. tions n'est tues rappelé se des .yenir 63. I de not wish to go further into matters of substance, because in our view the Security Council is not the place where these matters cught at this stage to be discussed. The representative of the United States drew attention in his statement to the legal obligation undertaken by Cuba to submit in the first place to the Organization of American States any dispute which may arise between itself and another member of that organization. The United Kingdom is not a member of the Organization of American States, but we have watched with admiration its development as an effective instrument of peace in this hemisphere. The procedures which are laid down inits charter for the peaceful settlement of disputes between its members are of course fully in harmony with Article 33 ofthe Charter of our own Organization, which refers specifically to orgs. . Organisation avec devenue sphére. réglement sont, Article expressément régionaux" damment "resort to regional agencies or arrangements" for the solution of disputes. Quite apart from the legal obligations undertaken by Cuba in respect of the to the rest of the world in the peaceful settlement of _ their disputes which we may all admire and respect. 64. In these circumstances it is regrettable that the Cuban Government should have ignored not only its own legal obligations to the Organization of American States but also its duty to the international community as a whole to attempt to settle any difference with its neighbours on a regional basis before coming to the United Nations. We hope that on reflection, and guided by the advice of its sister Republics, Cuba will agree to a discussion of its case within the Organization of American States. Certainly it is our opinion that the Security Council ought to give an impulse in that direction. Meanwhile, it is clearly the duty of all of us to act with moderation, Provocative words have heen spoken and provocative acts have occurred from which my country among others has suffered. But we must clearly hope that these provocations will not prevent clear=headed discussion in the proper forum with a view to uncovering and dealing with the causes of the present unhappy tension. 65. It follows from what I have said that the United Kingdom delegation will support the draft resolution submitted by Argentina and Ecuador.

I note that the draft resotux tion submitted by Argentina and Ecuador [8/4392] contains the following significant phraseology. Accord~ ing to the final paragraph, the Security Council: "Urges in the meantime all other States torefrain from any action which might increase the existing ‘ tensions between Cuba and the United States of America." I take it that China must be counted as one of the "other States" referred to in this paragraph. As China's ‘representative in this Council I would regard itas my duty to refrain from any word or deed which might increase tensions between Cuba and the United States. I am glad to observe this paragraph, even before it is passed by the Council, because I believe that it embodies a large measure of wisdom. I am convinced that the present difficulties between Cuba and the United States, serious though they are, canbe removed if they remain strictly difficulties between Cuba and the United States. If other States should intervene these. difficulties will grow in complexity and might prove. insoluble. In that case neither the people of the United States nor the people of Cubawill gain anything thereby. In that unfortunate case those who fish in troubled waters will be the only profiteers. For this reason I commend particularly this final paragraph of the draft resolution. 67. Having said this much, I wish to add that the draft resolution as a whole bears the marks of high statesmanship. I am grateful to the representatives of Argentina and Ecuador for putting it before the 68. The friendship between China and the United States is so well known that I consider it entirely un~ necessary to dwell on it. While I do not wish to go into the substance of this question between Cuba and the United States of America, I would like at this point to say just this. The United States is not an aggressor country. The people of the United States does not wish to commit any aggression against any country whatsoever, Cuba included. The statement of the representative of the United States this afternoon was not only rhoderate; it was inspired by the desire for friendship with Cuba. 69. Now let me turn to Cuba. It is not so , well known that China has had a long friendly relationship with the Republic of Cuba. It is probably entirely unknown. that some of my fellow countrymen in Cuba fought side by side with Cubans for Cuban independence some sixty years ago, These countrymen of mine have enjoyed the hospitality of Cuba throughout the years. At no time was there ever a serious dispute between Cuba and my country. We have only good wishes for Cuba. 70. My Government has a long revolutionary background, We are, therefore, not unsympathetic to the. efforts of the Revolutionary Government of Cuba. The Foreign Minister of Cuba this afternoon, inthe course of his presentation, mentioned agrarian reform. We have the greatest sympathy with that measure. In my country we also carried out an agrarian reform, and today we owe much of our prosperity and social wellbeing to that reform. As a foot=note to this matter, I would like to add that in the course of carrying out the reform we received no opposition, no criticism, from the Government of the United States. Onthe other hand, at times we received valuable technical assist-. ance from, the United States in carrying out land reform in Taiwan. 71. In the course of the revolution in China, particu~ larly in 1924, 1925, 1926 and 1927, some foreign countries accused us Chinese of committing excesses and injuring foreign interests and rights in China. We, on our part, suspected some foreign countries of harbouring Machiavellian designs on China. That was a quarter of a century ago. With the passing of time we can all be more objective towards events of that period. I should like to say that some of the so-called rangers revolutionary excess was not excess at all. It was Chinese legitimate defence of Chinese legitimate in~ ‘terests and rights. In some cases the revolutionary excess was practised for the purpose of domestic ’ propaganda: in other cases the revolutionary excess was due to unfounded suspicion of certain foreign Governments. Fortunately time has proved healing. In the course of time the foreignGovernments which denounced us in that period learned to respect revo~ lutionary China, and the revolutionary Government of my country, in the course of time, also learned to work out its policies without sacrificing good relations with any one of the foreign Powers involved. As a son 72, Much has been said on legal and political grounds about why the debate here should be suspended and the next stage of deliberations take place within the Organization of American States. Those who argued that case know more about the Organization of Ameri~ can States than I do. I subscribe to their statements and support their viewpoints. 78. For these reasons my delegation supports the draft resolution submitted by Argentina and Ecuador. 74, The PRESIDENT (translated from Spanish):. If there is no objection, the Council will continue its consideration of this question tomorrow promptly at 10 a.m. Work programme 75, The PRESIDENT (translated from Spanish): In connexion with our work programme, I wish to point out that the Council has before it the first report of the Secretary-General [S/4389] on the implementation of the Council's resolution of 14 July 1960 concerning assistance to the Republic of the Congo. 76. At the request of the Soviet Union delegation, I had intended to convene a meeting to consider this report tomorrow at 3 p.m. However, I have been in~ formed that the representative of the Republic of the Congo is arriving in New York tomorrow afternoon. In these circumstances, I felt it wouldbe wise to defer the meeting at which the report is discussed until the Congolese representative can he present and hence I propose to convene this meeting on Wednesday at 3 p.m.

The Soviet delegation still considers it important that the Security Council should discuss the Secretary~General's report on the implementation of the Council's resolution of 14 July at the earliest possible opportunity. However, we ‘cannot disregard the opinion expressed here and the reasons given in support of it. The Soviet delegation - does not therefore object tothe President's suggestion that the Council should be convened at 3 p.m. on Wednesday. The meeting rose at 11.25 p.m. GREECE-GRECE — Kauffmann Bookshop, Athénes. GUATEMALA Sociedad Econémico-Financiera, 1433, Guatemala City. HAT Librairie “A ta Caravelle”, _ Agence et Messagertes de fa Presse, 323-8, Port-au-Prince. S.A., 14-22, rue du Parsil, Bruxelles. BOLIVIA-BOLIVIE Librerfa Selecciones, Castilla 972, La Paz. BRAZIL-BRESIL ~ livraria Agir, Rua Mexico 98-8, Caixa Postal 3291, Rio de Janeiro. BURMA-BIRMANIE Curator, Govt, Book Depot, Rangoon. CAMBODIA-CAMBODGE Entreprise khmére de librairie, Phnom- Penh. CANADA The Queen‘s Printer, Ottawa, Ontario, CEYLON-CEYLAN Lake House Baokshap, Assoc. Newsp af Caylon, P.O, Box 244, Colombo, HONDURAS | Ubreria P: ‘cana, HONG KONG-HONG-KONG The Swindon Book Co., Kowloon. ICELAND-ISLANDE Bokaverzlun Sigfusar F., Austurstraeti 18, INDIA-INDE dras, New Delhi & Oxford Book & Stationery Delhi & Calcutta. _ Orient Long: Calcutta, P. Varadachary & Co., INDONESIA-INDONESIE CHILE-CHILI Editorial del Santiago. Ubreria fvens, Casilla 205, Santiage. 9 , id. Djckarta, Pacifico, Ahumada 57, (RAN "Guity", 482 Ferdowsi CHINA-CHINE The World Book Co., Utd., 99 Chung "King Road, Ist Section, Taipeh, Taiwan. IRAQ-IRAK Mackenzie's Bookshop, The Commercial Press, Ltd., 211 Honon IRELAND-IRLANDE Stationery Office, Dublin. ISRAEL Blumstain’s Bookstores, and 48 Nachlat Benjemin Rd., Shanghai. COLOMBIA-COLOMBIE Libreria Suchhelz, Bagotd. Libreria América, Medellin. Libreria Nacional, Ltda., Barranquifla. COSTA RICA tFALY-ITALIE Ubreria Ci isi Gino Capponi 26, Firenze, Azuni 15/A, Roma. JSAPAN-JAPON Maruzen Company, Imprenta y Libreria Trejos, Apartado 1313, San José. CUBA La Casa Belga, O'Reilly 455, La Habsno. CZECHOSLOVAKIA-TCHECOSLOVAQUIE Ceskaslovensky Spisovatel, Nérodnf Telde Nihonbashi, Tokyo. JORDAN-JORDANIE Joseph §. Bahous & Box 66, Amman. KOREA-COREE Eul-Yeo Publishing Chengno, Seoul. 9, Praha 1. DENMARK-DANEMARK Einar Munksgaard, Lid., N¢grregade 6, Kgbenhavn, K. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC- REPUBLIQUE DOMINICAINE Libreria Dominicana, Mercedes 49, Civdad Trujillo. LEBANON-LIBAN Khayat's College Book 92-94, rue Bliss, Beirut. ECUADOR-EQUATEUR librerfa Cientifica, Guayaquil & Quito. EL SALVADOR-SALVADOR Manuel Navas y Cia., Ic. Avenida sur 37, San Salvador. ETHIOPIA-ETHIOPIE International Press Agency, P.O. Box 120, Addis Ababa. FINLAND-FINLANDE LIBERIA J. Momolu Kamara, LUXEMBOURG Librairie J. Schummer, MEXICO-MEXIQUE Editorial Hermes, S.A., 41, México, DF. 2 Keskusk rahe od ad Akateeminen Kirjak Helsinki. FRANCE Editians A. Pédone, 13, rve Soufflot, Paris (Ve). MOROCCO-MAROC Bureau d‘études ef industrielles, 8, rue Rabat. NETHERLANDS-PAYS-BAS N.Y. Martinus Nijhoff, 9, 's-Gravenhage. GERMANY-ALLEMAGNE R, Ei fh idé. ¢, hy: themed, - Strasse 59, Frankfurt/Main. Elwert & Meurer, Hauptstrasse 101, Berlin-Schneberg. NEW ZEALAND-NOUVELLE-ZELANDE United Nations Association land, C.P.0. 1011, NORWAY-NORVEGE dchan Grundt Tanum Al der Horn, Spi ge f 9, Wiesbaden. W. E. Saarbach, Gertrudenstrasse 30, Kéln (1). gustsgt. 7A, Oslo. Orders and inquiries from countries where safes agenfs have not yet been appointed may be sent fo: Sales and Circulation Section, United Nations, New York, U.S.A.; or Sales $: ‘United Nations Office; Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. Litho in U.N. Price: $U.S. 0.35; 2/6 stg.; Sw. (or equivalent in other currencies)