S/PV.921 Security Council

In my capacity as President of this Council, and despite the fact that my country was not a member last month, 1 should like to express the gratitude of the Security Counci! to the representative of the Soviet Union, Mr. Zorin, who so ably presided over the work of the Council during the month of December 1960. 1 also feel it my dutYto express the Council's appreciation to those members whose terms have expired. Indeed, Mr. Amadeo. the representative of Arger:tina, Mr. Ortona, the representative of Italy, Mr. Lewandowski, the representative of Poland, and Mr. Slim, the representative of Tunisia, have played an active and very valuable part in the Council's work and have made a particularly constructive contribution ta its deliberations, 2. As the representative of the UNITED ARAB RE- PUBLIC. 1 should also like to express my country's profound gratification at having become a member of the COUDcil. 1 wttuld assure all my colleagues of my delegation's very sincere desire to work closely with them in assuming the heavy responsibilities entailed by membership. 1 am quite sure that the other new members of the Council, the representatives ofChile, Liberia and Turkey. share my feelings and 1am happy. as PRESIDENT. to welcome them to this COUDOn. 3. Mr, ZORIN (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): 1 should first like to thank you for your remarIes with reference to my service as President of the Security COUDcil last month. 6. Ml'. \VIJEGOONAWARDENA (Ceylan): Permit me the plea~'lrE' uf conveying to you, Ml', President, the warmest congratulations of the Ceylon delegation on the occasion when you are seated at the Council table as a membér of the Security Council for this year and next year. Permit me also tl' congratulatè you on the unique honour which has come to you, in being called upon to preside over the Council, when you are participating in its deliberations for the fir::>t time 'this year. Our best wishes are with you JI' a ~'ruitful period of service to this Council. 7, Permit me also the pleasure of welcoming ta the Council table the representatives of Chile, Liberia and Turkey. The Ceylan delegation extends its warmest good wishes to these representatives for aIl success in their eudeavours in the service ofthe Security Counci!. 8. While s~eaking these words of welcome, 1 should also like to convey the deep appreciation ofthe Ceylon delegation for the work done in this Council by the representatives of Argentina , Italy, Poland and Tunisia, who have left this Council at the expiration of their terms of office. Theil' friendship and co-operation have been of immense value to the Ceylan d~legation in its participation in the work of the Council, since Ceylon became a member of the Council at the beginning of last year. 9. Ml'. BERARD (France) (translated from french): Ml'. President, 1 share your regret that some of our colleagues are leaving this Counc:il: Ml'. Amadeo, whose legal ability was recognized by us aIl; Ml'. Ortona, my neighbour both geographically, in Europe. and alphabeticaIly, at this table; Ml'. Mongi Slim, the representative of Tunisia. which, together with France. has sponsored the admission of so many African States ta the United Nations during the past year; finaIly, our Polish colleague, Ml'. Lewandowski, whose youth detracts nothing from his ability. 10. My regret, like yours, Ml'. Preske'lt, is tempered by the entry into this Council of a number of colleagues whom we especially value: first, my neighbour. Ml'. Padmore, the representative of Liberia, who is gûing to represent the inter,~sts of Airica with the skill which we aIl know h In to possess; then, Ml'. Schweitzer; our colleagt.e from Chile, whose COU1'1try has so many ties wit.h my own; finallv. our colleague, Ml'. Menemencioglu who, while ne is new in our Council, is an old hand in our Assembly and whose name is well known in international diplomatie circles. 11. Our example, Ml'. President, shows that even though for the time being there are no diplomatie relations between our two countries, you have been able, owing ta your exceptional qualities of intellect, experience and humanity, to establish sympathetic 13. 1 should also like to join in extending a cordial welcome to the incoming members of this Council: the repreeentative of Chile, a country with which my own is bound by close ties of affection and whose democratic traditions will be a valuable contribution to the work of this Council, and the representative of Turkey, another country with an ancient culture and tradition which will be most useful to us in our deliber-· ations. 1 am particularly pleased to welcome the arrivaI of two African States-the United Arab Heuo public, which is partly African, am;! Liberia-with the cerf,·inty that they will brinf. to our deliberations their knowledge, their deep understanding and their democratic spirit. 14. Ml'. BEELEY (Uniteà Kingdom): The United Kingdom takes pleasure in associating itself with the welcome which other representatives have given to you, Ml'. President, and to our colleagues fromChiie, Liberia and Turkey. Mr. Schweitzer, Mr. Padmore, and Ml'. Menemencioglu are no strangers to us, and we are confident that the high qualities they have shown in other parts of this Organization will enable them to make a valuable contribution to the work of the Security Council. In expressing the same confidence, Ml'. President, in your own contribution, may 1 add that 1 would have commiserated with you in being burdened with the responsibilities of the presidency in the opening month of your term of service here, had 1 not felt sure that you will discharge those responsibilities with your customary efficiency, courtesy and ease. 15. While looking forward to this co-operation with the new members in the Council in 1961, the United Kingdom delegation wishes also to take this opportunity of expressing its deep appreciation for the work of the retiring members. The year 1960 was an eventful and significant year in the life of our Org.:;.nization. It saw a great increase in African membership and it confronted the United Nations with one of its gravest responsibilities and perhaps 1ts greatest opportunity in the Congo. In these developments, Ml'. Mongi Slim of Tunisia played an outstanding part, and 1 should like to paya pariicular tribute, in the name of the United Kingdom delegation, to his skill and wisdom. We remember equally the eloquence and legal expertise of Ml'. Amadeo of Argentina, the wise and constructive diplomacy of Ml'. Ortona of Italy, and the able and distinctive contribution which was made by the representative of Poland, Ml'. Lewandowski. We shall 1 miss them aIl. ~ L 17. It is also my pleasure to extend the welcome of Chhlfl to the fouI' new metlll.leI'S who lt1'e taking thei!' seats in the Council for the first time' today. Of the four new members, onl)' one, Liberia, is participating in the work of the Council for the first time. AlI the other three members have at various periods been members of the Council, and 1 know from personal experience how competent and how useful their contributions were to the work of the Council. Therefore, my welcome to them is really to welcome their return to the Council. 18. Liberia takes a seat in the Council for the first time and, as we were reminded last autumn, we are now in the period when Africa wins its proper place in the councils of the nations. For this reason, my delegation takes particular pleasure in welcoming the representative of Liberia to the Security Council. 19. Ml'. SCHWEITZER (Chile) (translated from Spanish): 1 should like to say that 1 fully share the views expressed here in congratulating you, Ml'. President, and wishing you success in your task as President of this Council. 1 should also like to thank you and the members of the Council who spoke before me for their words of welcome to the delegation of Chile as it takes its place in the Security Council. 20. This is the second time that Chile has had the honour to serve as one ofthe non-permanent members of L'le Security Council. Under the mandate conferred upon us by the General Assembly we shaH 10yaHy uphold the basic principles and purposes of the Charter. 21. The task specificaHy entrusted to the Security Council under the Charter is the maintenance of international peace and security. We shaH strive to aasist in carrying it out in this very critical hour by cooperating whole-heartedly and in good faith with the other members of this principal organ of the United Nations. We shaH endeavour to maintain the aui;hority and prestige of the Council, for we are convinced that collective security can only be achieved through the strict application of the principles and purposes of the Charter. 22. Chile is fortunately a cowttry with firm democratic belieÎs, rooieà in respect for law and international commitmenis. lis iradition as a peace-loving State has been establ'shed in tne course of a long history, ta which it trudtS it will always remain true. It has been a Member of the United Nations from the beginning and believes that it has repeatedly given proof of its respect for and unflagging devotion to the purposes and principles of the United Nations, which are identical with the basic norms governing its own institutions as a free and sovereign State. This is the best guarantee of our future action in this Council. 24. 1 cannat conclude without joining in the welldeserved praise bestowed upon the work accomplished by the three members ofthe Council whûse terms have expired and ta the fourth, which renounced its seat, namely, Argentina, Italy, Tunisia and Poland. The representatives of these countries have carried out their difficult task with intelligence and distinction, and Chile will endeavour ta follow their example. And since, under the system of geographical distribution, my country occupies one of the two seats assigneè ta Latin America, 1should like to make special mention of the brilliant and fruitful work done by my distinguished predecessor, Ml'. Amadeo, the represer..tative of Argentina. 25. 1 should like in conclusion to assure aIl the members of the Council that 1 regard it as an honour ta sit with them at this table and that it shall he a pleasure to work with them on our commonproblems. 26. MI'. MENEMENCIOGLU (Turkey): Ml'. President, as one of the new members of the Security COUDoil for this year, 1 wi "lh ta join the speakers who have preceded me in wishing you success in your ~)res '1t high office and in expressing the confidence of fIlY delegation that your experience and ability provide ample guarantees to that end. 27. 1 also wish to express my profound gratitude for the very kind words pronounced by you, as weIl as by the representatives of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Ceylon, France, Ecuador, the United Kingdom and China on the occasion of my delegatio..'s entry into the Security Counci!. 28. May the coming year, in which we arehaving our first meeting today, be one in which this important organ of the United Nations will continue ta serve successfully the cause of peace within the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations. As a member of the Security Counci! my Government will do its utmost ta play its part to that end. 29. Ml'. PADMORE (Liberia): Ml'. President, 1 wish to congratulate you as Chairman of the Security Council for the month of January. My delegation is very gratefulfor the warmwelcome extendedto us. Liberia's election to the Security Council is another opportunity to serve Africa, south of the Sahara. It could not he expected, therefore, that my delegation's attitude here only reflects the views of my Government but instead that which we represent: the independent States of Africa. 30. We certainly hope that this meeting of the Security Council will attain a peaceful solution to the problems which will he placed on the agenda. Adoption of the agenda 31. The PRESIDENT (translated from Freroh): The provisional agenda for today's meeting of the Security 33. Finally, 1 should like to extend a word of thanks to the representathes of A>:'gentina, Italy, Poland and Tuni;"ia. As has been said by more th9.n one delegation here, they will be missed. 34. Now, to the business before us,namely,the({uestion of the agenda of this particular meeting 01 lhe Security Council. 35. Last night, as the members of the Council know, the United States Government announced the termination of diplomatic relations with Cuba. 1 need not tell you with what heavy hearts we took that step. The Cuban people are our friends. We have worked hard, in the face of great and continued provocation, to prevent the leaders of Cuba from choking off those friendly relations. B11t that is what they seemed determined to do. Over nearly two years, they have piled insult upon injury, to a point at which our diplomacy could no longer function. Now, in these false and hysterical charges which have been laid before the Security Council by the Cuban Government, W€ have a fresh l'emincler of the strategy of harassment by which they brought us-and, 1 think, on purpose-to last night's decisio'1. 36. As the members of the Council know, the United States has a tradition, of many years' standing, of not opposing full and free debate on charges levelled against us in the United Nations, no matter how baseless the charges may he, nor howdiscreditedin world opinion. In conformity with that tradition, we will not oppose the inscription of this complaint by the Foreign Minister of Cuba, even though it is tota11y fraudulent. 37. The United ~tRtes has nothing- Lü hiûe and it has nothing to fear from these charges. They are false and cannot stand the light of day. If anybody has reason to fear a debate on this question, it is the Cuban leaders themselves, who have been crying "wolf" for the past six months over an allegeci imminent invasion of their country and who are thereby fast making themselves ridiculous in the eyes of the world. Let me remind the Council that last Ju1y the Foreign Minister of Cuba came here to the Council and accused the United States-without proof, of course-of aggresi 38. Recalling that record of wild charges in recent months, we are no longer very much "urprised to read Ml'. Roa's letter of 31 December [8/4605] in which he says, in the very first sentence:"•••the Government of the United States ... is about to pel'petrate, within a few hours, dirëct military aggression against the Government and people of Cuba•••". 39. Those are his actua1 words: "within B. few hotlrs". It is the same midnight brew, from the same cauldron of hysLeria. We reject categorically the ridiculous charges of the Cubfl.D Government. 40. We h we searched among the adjectives of Ml'. Roa' s letter and we have found just two specific charges which seerr. to be new. 41. We are charged, first, withengineeringthediplomatie isolation of Cuba. This charge cornes with ill grace from a Government which has made itself an instrument of the most cruel imperi.alïsm of all timf\ which has had a part in armed incursions inte the territory of other Ameri0,an States, which has incited disorder and turbulence through minority groups, which has used its diplomatie officiaIs-or, at least, those who have remained in its service-for interventionist activities, and which has continously and violently repudiated the regional organization ofwhich it is a member, 42. Any diplomatic isolation of Cuba cornes as a result of Cuba'S own actions. Of course, the United States Government has consulted and will continue to consult with other American Governments regarding the consequences of these Cuban activities and attitudes, and many other Cuban actions, which have contributed to tension in the international relations of the hemisphere. But to say that the actions and decisions which these Governments have taken within their own right are other than their own sovereign will, is 1n~ulting 1.0 the'YI (i$ w~l1 RB tl) thH intel1igeiil':1?: of the Seeurity Council, and to attribute sllch actions to the United States Government is false and absurdo 43. In the jungle of adjectives of Mr.Roa'sletter, we find one other comparatively new accusation, and it has ta do with a nebulous document. Ml'. Roa asserts in his letter: ft•••there exists a document ofthe Department of State, circulated to all the Foreign Mirilstries on the American c· .'nent, in which It 18 stated•••that Presiàent Eisen..1.<-.""S Government".- L J J 1 46, 1 would therefore ask the President to put an end to this substantive discussion of the item and suggest that, if there is no objection on the part of other members of the Council, we should first adopt our agenda. After that, any member of the Council can, of course, make a statement discussing the substance of this item. But it 8eems to me out of order for a statement to be made on the substance before the agenda has been adopted.

l think that the representative of the United States has almost completed his statement. 1 believe he was merely making a few comments on the Cuban request. Moreover, once the agenda has been adopted he will be able to take the floor again and proceed. Ihope that he will be brief in what he has to say before the agenda is adopted. 48. Ml'. WADSWORTH (United States of America): Had it not been for the point of order of our distinguished friend from the USSR 1 would have finished long ago. 1 may say also that normally 1 would take very seriously any point of order raised by Ml'. Zorin having to do with the improper use of substance in a procedural address. He is the greatest expert on that in -the entire United Nations. However, Iam not dealing with substance: 1 am discussing the request of the Cuban Government for a meeting of the Security Council. The letter which came with the request for this meeting today explains why the Cuban Government wants a meeting, and, therefore, why it wants an agenda adopted, and 1 am discussing the adoption of the agenda. 1 shall hurry along to my long-planned finish as soon as 1 can, and 1 thank the President for his forbearance. 49. 1 was saying, when the point of orderwas raised, that in this letter there is a statement which says, "there exists a document of the Department of State, circulated to all the Foreign Ministries on the Amel'Ican continent, ln which It 18 stated ••• that President Eisenhower's Government is prepared to order a military intervention in Cuba...". The United States Government knows of no such document. We certainly did not originate any such document. However, 1 do not place too much stress on these particulaI' charges because we know from experience that Ml'. Roa is 51. These are the reai threats in the Western hemisphere, They are and have been a matter for concern ta the Organization of Americall States, which is the competent regional organization, and in fact the Iast time that the Government of Cubabrought these charges to the Security Council the Council suggested very polltely that they should he taken !irst bafore the Organization of American States. 52. As to CubaIs monotonously reiterated charges, they have by no means been neglected, My Government has twice respectfully requested the convocation of the ad hoc Committee, which was created by the Seventh Meeting of Consultation in San José, ta look iuto the facts of such charges. These efforts have been deliherately ignored by the Government of Cuba. which obviously desires only to build false propaganda fires rather than have its complaints dealt with in the regionai Organization. But since we are accused here by the principal agent of the threat involved, we are prepared ta describe ta the Council, after the agenda is adopted, just what the threat is and where it comes from. And we hope that the Government of Cuba, having failed three tirnes out of three to gain support in the United Nations for its propaganda, will realize at last that such tactics do not hurt the United States, and that it Is not so easy as one might think ta pervert the United Nations ta serve the seUish purposes of any na.tion.

If there are no speakers on the subject ofthe adoption of the agenda, 1 declare the agenda adopted. Letter dated 31 December 1960 from the Minister for Exter- nQI Relations of Cuba to the President of the Security Council (5/4605)

With the consent of the Council and in accordance with rule 37 of the Counoil's provisional rules of procedure, 1 invite the representative of Cuba to participate, without vote, in the discussion of the item which has just been included in the agenda. At the Im'itation of the President Mr. Raul Roa (Cuba) ,took a place at the Couneil table. 57. At the very time when Cuba is celebrating the second anniversal'y of its liberation, it is again forced to appeal to the Security Council and to denounce to world public opinion the policy ofharassment, retaliation, aggression. :'iUbversion, isolation, intervention and imminent militnry attack pursued by the United States against the Government and pCQple of Cuba, a policy that constitutes an extremely ser~ous threat to international peace and security, which are llirendy menaced by the marked inerease in tensions in Europe, Asia, and Africa, resultingprecisely from the methods of interferenee, coercion and subjugation which arc typical of the conduct of the departing Republican administration in Us external relations. 58. The pretext used to justify this flagrant violation of the independence, right of self-determination, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Cuba is that the cowltry has become an appendage of the Soviet Union, thereby threatenir.g the unitY, solidarity and penee of the Western hemisphere. The true aims of such a Calse, irresponsible and frnudulent allegation are to crush the revolution whieh has freed the Cuban people from politieal dominr.tion and economic exploitation by the United States ami to reduce Cuba once again to the humili::.ting, subordinate and abject condition of a colony dependent on United States imperialism. Let it suffice, for the time being. to mention the grim machinations which have been initiated, and have now reached break-neck speed, since the breaking off of diplomatie relations. What matters now is to make it quite clear that the urgent question raised by Cuba, because of its nature and scope, extends beyond regional interests and affects the whole international commuaity. The dispute bcfore th,' Couneil is not a local one, which could be raised before the organs and dealt with by the methods laid down in the Charter of the Drganization of American States. Let there be no mistake about it: the situation confronting the organ responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security is the one described in Article 34 of the Charter. 59. Cuba may be invaded by the United States marines and by the war criminals and mercenaries hired by the Central Intelligence Agency; but 1 say hne and now that the Government and people of Cuba are determined ta repel any such invasion by every means at their disposaI. 1 appeal ta the President ta make it possible for me ta speak. 60. Ml'. RDA (Cuba) (translated from Spanish): Before continuing, 1 wish expressly ta point out that, as every- one can see, this is a carefully prepared plot, which t5 being carried out by stages, and 1 therefore insist that this Council allow me freedom of speech. Let the President decide whether or not 1 am right. The meeting was suspended at 12.15 p.m., and re- sumed at 12.20 p.m. 63. MI'. ROA (Cuba) (translated from Spanish): Cuba is not alone, if its territory is violated, the Revolu- tionary Government and the people of Cuba can cOlmt on the assistance, support and backing of those who have freely undertaken to defend Cuba's independence, right of self-determination, sovereignty and territorial integrity. If it wishes to form an accurate picture of the situation and if it intends to take the necessary steps to prevent the plan formulated by Allan Dulles from being carried out, the Security Council should bear this'in mind. 64. 1 do not feel it necessary, at this stage, to stress the Inalienable privilege granted by the Charter to each Member State to exercise its rights in the way it thinks best. On the other hand, 1 do consider it ex- tremely pertinent to reaffirm that this time Cuba has chosen, without prejudice to its right to legitimate defence, the method of recourse to the SecurityCoun- cil, as it did on aprevious occasion, and as it recently appealed to the General Assembly, in its two-fold capucity as a sovereign State and Member of the United Nations. Cuba considers that the Security Coun- cil is the proper organ in this case and it has acted accordingly. We do not admit or accept any jurisdic- tion other than the one we have chosen. Furthermore, we consider it our bounden dutY to express, at this stage, 'our firm opposition to any attempt to transfer the examination of our complaint to the Council of the Organization of American States. 55. The blutant evasion in the draft resolution approved by the Council on 19 July 1960 [S/4395] can- nat be repeated without irreparably undermining the Counci!' s authority and prestige. Enough has been said on this point, for Cuba is not prepared to allow a dis- cussion of the rights and powers which are essential attributes of its sovereignty, 66. The most evi!. treacherous and powerful enemy of the Cuban revolution has been and continues to he the imperialist -nd reactionary administration of President Eisenhower. He has been fighting against the revolution ever since Fidei Castro began the epic story of our liberation in the Sierra Maestra, and he will continue the fight until he leaves the White House and Wall Street. He has resorted to the most blatant kinds of intrigue, entreaty, bribel'Y, pressure and alliance in order to punish the Cuban revolution for m.anifesting the legitimate aspiration oÏ aH unàer- developed peoples to free themselves from poverty, unsanitary conditions, backwardness, injustice, op- pression and dependence on the colonialist and im- perialist Powers. Now, in the last days of his dis- credited and tottering mandate, he has broken off diplomatie relations with Cuba and given his approval to a sinister plan by the Central IntelUgence Agency to create the necessary conditions for a massive mili- tary attack on the Government and people of Cuba. The pretext invoked and the policy followed are the same that have been used since the success of the revolution; the transformation of Cuba into a spear- head of international communism, the es:ablishmE .~ of a communist Government in Cuba, the granting of L 67. 1 shaH not weary the Security Council with a de- tailed account of what it already knows as a result of statements made to the Council and to the Seventh Meeting of Consultation at San José, Costa Rica. 1 shaH, therefore, merely draw attention, within the general context of the situation, to the facts which immediately preceded the present stage of events. At this moment Cuba is overshadowed by the threat of a military invasion by the United States. The ini- tiative takell by the United States in breakingoff diplo- matic relationA with Cuba gives this imminence an especiaHy dramatic character , The Government and people of Cuba are awaiting the onslaught of the in- vaders from one minute to the next. And we know what they want: to restore by force the l'oUen régime which was overthrown by the revolution, together with the degrading yoke of colonial rule. This is what they are aiming at, filled with primitive rancour and animal racial pride, with thelr escort of vessels, air- craft and rockets, But we are ready for themj united and firm we shaH yield each hanctful ofearth only with our lives, 68. Since the summer of 1959, Cuba has had to repel hundreds of aggressive acts of a military nature, sponsored, supported and financed by the Government of the United States. This long series of violations of laws and international undertakings and obligations, designed to undermine the foundations of the revolu- tion in order to attempt to destroy it by force, is comprised of incredible acts on the part of a great Power against a small and peaceable nation patriot- ically devoted ta bringing about the kind of existence to which its hard-working and heroic people are entitled. 69. From the invasions of pirate ai:J:"craft based in Florida to the present criminaI terrorist campaign in whlch powerful explosives were used that were sup- plied by the Pentagan, Cuba has reaisted the arrogant attacks of General Eisenhower's administration. 70. A Uttle while aga the Unitedstates representative said that 1 was exercising my powers of in'Jention, and 1 should now like to show the Security Council-in order that it may decide which of us is inventing things, the United States representative or myself- these photographs of United States high explosives, with their corresponding nwnbers and orders. 1 can leave them with the Council, if it thinks necessary. 71. The latest United States military equipment was flown ta counter-revolutionary groups operating in the mountains. Is this also an invention? Here you can read: "U.S., number... ," "U.S. made, number..." etc. 72. OfficiaIs of the United States Embassy in Havana were caught engaging in espionage activitiesj camps of mercenariea are maintained in Florida and Central America with United States dollars, and the Central 12 73. The framework of this developing strategy, the main objective of which is to deprive the people of the free will, we11-being, progress and decent exist- ence which it has won at the cost of many sacrifices, in addition to countless acts of a military nature, comprises other important components aimed at the same goal, sllch as diplomatic manoeuvres and mea- sures for the economic strangulation of Cuba. As re- gards the former, mention can be made in particular of the Seventh Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs in Costa Rica, which was contrived by the State Department in arder to complete the iso- lation of the Revolutionary Government by means of a joint breaking off of relations. The plot was foUed by the pressure of public opinion throughout the continent and since that time-August 1960-the conspirators in the Pentagon and the State Department have been accelerating their preparations for direct action, by enlarging the camps of mercenaries in Florida, at Miami, Orlando, Fort Myers, Homestead and Fort Lauderdale, and constructing air bases and bases for the military training of the invaders in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Swan Island and Puerto Rico, 74. The stage which commenced in Costa Rica has been marked by a relentless drive towards the de- sired goal, One month aiter the Meeting of Consulta- tion the White House publicly ordered United States citizens not to travel to Cuba. Two weeks after this unprecedented measure, on 19 October, the Eisen- hower administration placed an embargo on nearlya11 exports to the island and on the same date the Federal Maritime Board of the Department of Commerce de- clared that any transfer, sale or charteringofvessels owned by United States citizens to the Gove:rnment of Cuba or to Cuban citizens was illegaL Subsequently the scope of this embargo was enlarged to prevent the chartering of ships carrying cargo between Cuba and the socialist countries, in order to obstruct free trade between my country and the l'est of the world. 75. The question of Cuba was raised in thepresiden- tial campaign in the MOst aggressive spirit, denying our people's right of self-determination, and three and a half months after the Meeting of Consultation, the Washington administration completed its economic aggression in the sugar trade, by prohibiting any purchases until next March. 76. As background to this policy ofeconomic aggres- sion, United States spies, members of the official staff of the United States Embassy at Havana, were plotting with counter-revolutionary elements. Towards mid- September, the Investigation Branch of the Rebel Army unearthed a spy ring when it arrested five agents, three of whom enjoyed diplomatie status: Mrs. Marjorie A. Lennox, Mrs. Caroline Stacy and Ml'. Robert L. Neet. The month before, United States Embassy officiaIs Edwin L. Sweet and William G. Friedemann had been 13 78. As may be seen, the pattern of aggression is unmistakable. Incidents follow incidents with clock- work regularity. On 19 October, as a counter-point to the psychological campaign which accompanied the inCl.'easing military activity, the head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation violently attacked the Cuban revolution in a speech before the annual convention of the American Legion at Miami Beach. On 22 October Congressman Victor L. Anfuso continued to sow the seeds of confusion, calumny and provocation by writing to Secretary of State Herter and Admiral Burke to ask for reinforcements at the Guantânamo Naval Base. The hoodlum attacks on the Cuban Consulates at Miami and Tampa with the tacit approval of the authorities are aH part of the same strategy. 1have here a photograph of the effects of the attack on the Cuban Consulate at Miami, which was published not in a Cuban but in a United states newspaper. No one was caught, arrested or brought to trial in connexion with those attacks and the whole affair was covered up. 79. On 27 October, La Prensa, a newspaperpublished in Mexico City, carried a report from its corre- spondent in Tapachula, Chiapas, that thirteenwarships without flags or registration were anchored in the bay of Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, and that in the Sierra deI Petén near the Mexican frontier, hundreds of armed men were encamped. 80. On 27 October the United States press revived the controversy on the Guantânamo Naval Base in report, with the Washington dateline that the United States wouId defend the base at aIl costs. On the next day the State Department sent a note to the Organi- zation of American States accusing Cuba of acquiring large quantities ofwEmpons for the purpose of spreading revolution throughout America. At the same time the Pentagon announced that 1,450 marines would spend the week-end at Guantânamo. It was significant that the naval personnel belonged to an amphibious assault squadron. 81. The war-mongering manoeuvres at Washington kept the political temperature soaring artificiaIly. President Eisenhower's press secretary affirmed on 82. The chain of events continued. Almost simulta- neously it was announced at Washington that the United States Ambassador to Cuba had been recalled for con- sultations. On 1 November, President Eisenhower de- clared that he would take any necessary steps to defend the Guantânamo Naval Base and his press secretary pointed out that similar statem~nts had been made by the Secretary of Defense and the Chief of Naval Opera- tions. In spite of the repeated assurances by the Government of Cuba that it would not attempt to recover by force this usurped portion of its national territory, the pruvocative attitude was for dubious reasons maintained. 83. On 9 November it \Vas the turn of the Treasury Department to take part in carrying out the master plan of harassment, provocation and aggression ofthe preivous three months, in order to open the wày for the final assault. New measures of control of exports to Cuba were announced and all ships going to the Island had to make out additional bills of lading, thus creating yet another obstacle to trade between the two peuples. 84. A new irritant was introduced into the plan of aggression on 18 November. The State Department made public a report about arms which, according to the Washington Government, Cuba had acquired from certain western and socialist countries. Naturally it omitted to mention that the United States had refused to sell arms to Cuba and blocked negotiations with its European allies, leaving our people defenceless against the counter-revolutionary mercenary forces armed and financed by the Republi.can administration. 85. The Pentagon began the month of December by deliberately allowing a rocket from the launchingpads of Cape Canaveral fo fall in the northern zone of the Oriente Province, endangering the lives of the local country people. The fact is worth mentioning since this United States rocket, which has been partially reconstructed by Cuban technicians, is the only one we possess, Soviet rockets being conspicuous bytheir &bsence; just as the only foreign milital'y base in Cuba is occupied by United States marines, ships and air- craft. 86. On the following day, 2 December, President Eisenhower, invoking the Mutual Security Act granted a credit of one million dollars for the so-called Cuban refugees, thus encouraging counter-revolutionaries and mercenaries in their war-like plans sponsored by the Central Intelligence Agency. 87. On 8 December, Rodoleno Eduardo Chacôn, a Guatemalan second lieutenant living in exile in Hon- 88. It is well known, although it is still worth repeat- ing, that the puppet government of Guatemala has opened its territory far the installation of camps from which it is planned to invade ('"h8.. We can mention among others the Corriente camp property of the United Fruit Company, the Rancho . 'lorir' _ '11antation in the department of Escuintla, the Helvetiaph. 'ltation, the "Chaguita", where mobile units are being ll"ained, the Inca plantation, also the property of the u. ;ted Fruit Company, the Aurora farm. and many others places. The Government of Guatemala has admitted that in more than twenty private estates there are camps of mercenary troops, the principal one being the Helvetia camp-property of Roberto :\lejos, the brother of the Ambassador of Guatemala in Washing- ton-where a landing strip has been constructed. 89. The Retalhuleu airport was hastily adapted by United States engineers and the aerodrome of San José and its meteorological observatory are under military control. There are also landing fields in the region of Petén and Poptun and another airport is being constructed in Champerico and Carmelita. On the Concepciôn plantation there are anti-aircraft guns, bazookas, radar installations and other milital'y equip- ment, supplied by the United States Central Intelli- gence Agency. 90. In the 19 November issue of The Nation, Dr. Ronald Hilton. Director of the Department of Hispanic- American Studies of Stanford University, revealed on his return fram a visit to Guatemala that the Central Intelligence Agency had acquired a large tract of land in Retalhuleu valued at more than one million dollars, and that it was common knowledge there that the place was being used to train mercenaries in preparation for an invasion of Cuba. On 1 December Richard Dudman, correspondent ofthe sto Louis Post-Dispatch, confirmed that statement and said that he had seen for himself the landing strip and barracks for 500 men. 91. After the uprising that took place in that Central American Republic many of those mercenaries and much of the war matériel were transferred to Nica- ragua and Swan Island. 92. With regard to the presence of mercenaries in camps situated in the United States very little inves- tigation is necessary. Factual proof may he obtained by looking through the nurrent Press. Life magazine in its issue of 31 Oci"'r published the photographs 93. The mercenaries concentrated in the camps of Miami, Orlando, Homestead, Fort Lauderdale and Fort Myers receive $25.00 a week in payas well as $275.00 for their families. 1 have here a photostatic copy of one of the cheques paid to them out of funds released by President Eisenhower and administered by the Central Intelligence Agency. 94. 1 formally declare on behalf of my Government that mercenaries are being transferred from those training camps to Swan Island in transport planes belonging to the United States Army and in civilian cargo aircraft. The same is done with those who finish their training in Guatemala. They are kept for a few days in Swan Island, which is usad as a stop-over, and are then transferred to the Guantlinamo Naval Base. The first group transported to Guantlinamo consisted of 150 men who travelled on 240ctober last in the United States Navy ship Burman under Captain Joseph McDonald. Rince that date groups of 150 men have been shipped every week, along with medical supplies, food, arms and ammunition. Lately the Gua- temal'an mercenaries have been taken directly ta the Guantlinamo Naval Base without making the stop at Swan Island. 95. Although the Central Intelligence Agencyhasfre- quently changed its plans and postponed them, we have reliable information that the blow is about to be struck. The mercenaries based in Guantlinamo, camouflaged in o!ive green uniforms with brown and white spots, like those used by the marines in the Second World War, are the best troops with the best weapons. The plan is to launch a number of small expeditions to different points of our Island, while at the same time attacks and acts of sabotage are to take place in the cities. These expeditions will leave from Florida and Swan Island. While they are landing, the mercenaries stationed at the Guantlinamo Naval Base willleavefor Sierra Maestra from which they plan to attack the various cities in the Oriente Province with support from planes based on Guatemala and Swan Island. Mercenary planes are also to bomb different points in the Havana province. 96. The 5 December issue of U. S. News & World .Report reveals important facts connected with the anti": Cuban activities of the United States authorities, and sheds sorne light on the murky background of these shameful proceedings. The Wall Street Journal of 28 November also brings into full view the war prepara- tions of Cuban counter-revolutionaries and their tutors, the agents of the Central Intelligence Agency. U.S. News &World Report stated that UnitedStates of- fiCiaIs in close contact with Cuban conspirators believe that the Cubans will never be able to overthrow Castro 97. On 27 November the Washington Post published photographs of refugees in Florida practising knife- throwing. We have many cuttings of the newspaper El Diario de las Américas, published in Spanish in Miami and showing that the counter-revalutionary factions compete fiercely for Federal cheques and cheques from the monopolies. In its edition of 23 No- vember, the same newspaper published ',he fallowing comment in a colunm which is always full of news of the mercenary factions: "We hear that an crder has come from Washington ta close all training camps for exiles in Florida. The latest word is: 'Lverything will be settled through the Organization of American States'" , 98. Just before the New Year, the Associated Press reported from Miami that a group of 200 Cubans and 23 United States citizens, stationed in huts near the centre of the city were preparing ta disembark in Cuba. The group is under the command of Rolando Ml":::f?rrer, a notorious murderer, and the United States citl;:,en Kenneth Proctor of Boston, who is thirty-three years old. Another leader is Larry Brice, twenty-two years old, of Columbus, Ohio. 99. The open preparations for war, which are being made in broad daylight and in clear contempt of inter- national law, are coupled with an intensive propaganda campaign designed to destroy the solid unitY cf the Cuban people. This psychological warfare is being carried on fron~ powerful radio transmitters in the United States and the Swan Islands. which were taken from Honduras by the Eisvnhoweradministration. The traitors working on the radio programmes and ser- vicing the transmitters are paid directly by the Washington administration. Not only are subversion, treason and defeatism encouraged. but orders are sent in code to counter-revolutionaries, terrorists and saboteurs working in Cuba under the ordel;;; of the Central Intelligence Agency. 101. In the lust few weeks the Washington strategists have tried to dramatize the case of the sa-cal led Cuban refugees, in an attempt to conceal the acceleration of their plans for military intervention by means of a new campaign of persuasion, confusion and slander. This is why they timed the distribution of a pamphlet containing the report to the White House of the special commission set up by the President to distribute the million dollars to coincide with the submission oftheir case to the Council of the Organization of American States. 102. It is weil known that the Government and the great monopolies which were swept from Cuba for- ever by the revolutionary laws have made direct con- tributions to the common fund set up to pay the in- vasion expenses. The EiseIÙ10wer administration has already spent several million dollars in its crooked schemes to overthrow the Revolutionary Government. 103. A so-called Committee for the Liberation of Cuba has been set up, with its headquarters in Washing- ton, Tt is headed by John C. McClatchy, who announced publicly that he had bought time on radio stations whose broadcasts could reach Cuban territory, and who stated with a straight face that contributions to the Committee would be tax-deductible. Representative Pucinski of Illinois and Nicholas Nonnemacher, a retired Air Force Major, belong to this admirable interventionist enter- prise. 104. At 225 Park Avenue South, New York, there is an International Rescue Committee, headed by Leo Cherne, which also administers one million dollars on behalf of the so-called anti-Communist fighters of Cuba. Texaco, Cardinal Spellman, Esso, International Business Machines, the United Fruit Company, Pre- sident Eisenhower and Allen Dulles, the most promi- nent firms andpersonalities ofthe empire, have opened their bulging purses to bathe Cuba in blood, to restore the most hateful privileges and to bringtheir hirelings L (!!) A diplomatie and economic break with the Castro Government will precede the beginning of military operations by the "liberation forces" of Cuba, <È!) Congress will invoke the Monroe Doctrine and declare that an extracontinental Power is indirectly attacking the United States and other American nations by creating a satellite régime in Cuba. This might have been followed by a banon United states shipments to Cuba of supplies including spare parts for ma- chinery and mechanicalequipment, whichareessential to a country where, of course, all macninery is of United states manufacture. The United States nlight refuse permission for the shipment to this hemisphere of arms destined for the Government ofCuba and might order the Atlantic Fleet to send patrols to prevent European vessels from delivering arms to Castro. ~) A lightning blow could be struck by a concentra- tion of military, naval and air units under the direc- tion of officiaIs of the CentraI Intelligence Agency. Once a strong beach-head had been established, "patriots" couldform a provisional government and ask the United states Government for open assistance with a view to pacifying the country. 106. Events since July and the intrigues of the last few months are unequivocal proofs of the strategic plan described in that review, which gathered its information from circles very close totheWashington administration. The breaking-off of diplomatic rela- tions is now a faet, and two destroyers have been !)laced on the alert at Key West, ninety miles from Cuba: Only the climax of the plan is lacking: the es- tablishment of the beach-lllead, direct military aggres- sion, and thte rain of bombs on town and country. The action has already been prepared and could he carried out at any time. , 107. Since the collective isolation of Cuba was a dip- lomatie failure, Washington has intrigued in many ways with foreign ministries and has tried to carry out several flank attacks through the organs of the inter-American system. The Inter-American Defense Board was a suitable setting for such flank attacks. The Chairman of the Board, a Pentagon General, en- tirely ignored parliamentary rules and traditions and went to the length of refusing the Cuban delegate the right to speak. An orientation commiss.ion, which was completely disoriented, was set up as a disguise for certain plans for the repression of revolutionary ae- tivity throughout the Continent on the usual excuse. The Argentine delegation was made to propose the expulsion of Cuba on the grounds that its presence 108. Within the Council of the Organization ofAmeri- can States and the Inter-American Economic and Social Council, the State Department has constantly tried to deprive Cuba ofits rights as a member State. Recently, for example, it put pressure on certain delegations to prevent Cuba from obtaining the chairmanship of the Commission for Social Co-operationj and it used the Council for anti-Cuban propaganda, for instance, in the distorted account of the refugee problem. In par- ticular, the State Department intrigued to obtain enough votes to condemn Cuba in the Council with the diligent co-operation of the puppet Government of Guatemala by trying desperately to manufacture proofs which could link the Revolutionary Government with the recent uprising in that Central American country and with similar actions in Venezuela during the Caracas disturbances. Although these attempts failed, this does not make them any less serious. 109. In March 1960 President Eisenhower made a tour of a number of South American countries. The subject of Cuba was constantly at the head of his pro- gramme. He used personal diplomacy and, although 1 do not know what harvest he reaped in official ciroles, it is weIl known that he was greeted by a symphony of whistles when he passed along sorne of the main city streets of our America. Only Vice-President Nixon had arollsed anything like the hostility of the people which pursued him on his tour and which froze his famous smile. 110. United States diplomacy, which is wholly dedi- cated to undoing the liberation of Cuba, has now reached a stage where puppet Governments openly further its fouI plans. The Guatemala of Ydfgaras. the Paraguay of Stroessner, the Nicaragua of the Somoza brothers, the Dominican Republic of Trujillo and the Peru of Prado and Beltran have humbly obeyed the curt orders from the city on the Potomac. AIl these anti-national !l'td anti-popular Governments are docile servants of the s·.rategy which is leading to large-scale aggression. They are the mercenaries who serve the Pentagon and the Central Intelligence Agency in the field of diplomacy. Hl. The scheme agreed upon months aga has been carried out. From the beginning the oligarchy ruling in Peru has played the part assigned to it. In August it agreed to take the initiative inconveningthe Seventh Meeting of Consultation in Costa Rica, concealing the fact that it was an attack against Cuba by alleging threats from outside the continent. This act of treachery led, first, to the refusaI of Minister Raûl Pol'ras Barrenechea to sign the final document of the Meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs; then, since he disagreed radically with Prado, Beltran and the State Department, to his resignation; and subsequently to his death. l.· . ".'~ 113. It hus not proved possible ta isolate Cuba com- pletely, to make ail American States jointly responsi- ble for the crime, but Ydrgoras, Somuza, Stroessner, Trujillo, Prado and Beltrftn have fulfilled their obli- gations. The Pentagon is now profiting from the pres- sure brought to bear on individual countries. Eisen- hower's journey in March 1960 represented, as the world entered upon a new year, a poisonous little dividend on the invèstments of imperialism. 11-1. The vast GCilspiratori::tl machine contir.ues to function ...\3 the Government of Peru was announcing the breahi••g-off of diplomatie relations with Cuba, the counter-revolutionaries in New York informed the press agencies tf.at a number of aeroplanes, operating from "foreign bases", had bombarded the Island with anti-Castro propaganda. The flights of these pirate planes from Florida, like the decision of the Lima Government, are part of a single strategic softening-up plan, intended to ciear the way for the invaders sent by the Central Intelligence Agency. 115. Similarly, it is reported from Montevideo that the Government of the United States has informed certain Latin American Governments that it will under- take a military intervention in Cuba "to prevent seven- teen sites for the launching of Russian rockets being installed in the island". The evening paper El Diario states that the Uruguayan Government was informed of this decision by Washington through a report re- ceived personally by the Uruguayan Ambassador at the White House and at the Organization of American States. Subsequently, statements were made against the Cuban Ambassador by persons occupying high positions in the National Government Council and there was talk of suspending diplomatic relations. 116. Reports came in every few hours, corroborating the definite informatLm which the Government of Cuba has, ta the effect that the United States imperialists may embark on their cunning plan of aggression on any date after 2 January. Hour by hour these reports confirm the existence of the scheme agreed upon months ago, which it Is desired to bring to comple- tion before the change of administration on 20 January. 118. Because Cuba freed itself fl'um this shameful servitude, United States imperialisnl tried to subdue the Revolutionary Government hy a11 kinds ofharrass- ment, pressure, threats, reprisais and attacks. It did not sücceed. It tried to subjugate the people of Cuba by hunger. It did not succeed. Now it is trying to crush Cuba's revolutionary ctrive by force. 119. Cuba owes its survival at this cl'ucia1 stRge in its history to the unshakable determination of the Revolutionary Government and to the prodigious courage of its people; and, secondly. to the friendly countries and peoples which came to its aid without tl'ying to impose conditions or political obligations on i1. Cuba managed to avoid the economic catastrophe to whieh it was condemned by the United States Government and the revolution continued its course. an achievement which was due, to a considerable extent, to the economic, commercial and technical co-operation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the People's Republic of China, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia, the United Arab Republic, Japan and Canada; it was and is encouraged by the solidarity and support on which it can count from ail the peoples of Latin America, Afriea nnd Asia. 1 repeat, Cuba is not alone. And similarly, 1 repeat, Cuba will fight until it conquers or dies. and it will not fight alone. We do not wish to bring about the suicide of mankind. But if an atomic conflagration were to break out as the result of United States military intervention in Cuba, the entire responsibility would fall on the im- perialist and reactionary administration of General Eisenhower. 120. It would be truly monstrous to subject theworld to the devastating effects of a nuclear war merely in order to serve the ends of capitalism and imperialist exploitation. The Government of President Eisenhower is about to render itself guilty of this crime against humanity. 121. Two days ago, in front of a million wildly en- thusiastic men and women assembled in the Plaza Cfvica at Havana, the Prime Minister and leader of the revolution, Ml'. Fidel Castro, stated: "The danger looming over our country does not intimidate our people ~ut rather, it inspires thcm; let us await any e':entuality with confidence; how- ever cruel and treacherous the blow may be, we are nul afraid. We shll.ll live through a tirre of danger, real danger, allu the responsibility wU not lie only with the present administration, but also with the President-elect of the United States, for if he thinks that he can unload this responsibility on "We expect certain changes from the new Adminis- tration; we know that the political and world situa- tion and the change of government in the United States will oblige the new administration to follow a more sensible and balanced polic)' if it does not want to lead the worlà into a great massacre, an apocalyptic holocaust. The world has the right to expect that these men will show a minimum of good sense and that the next eighteen days will pass with- out the leaders of the present decadent administra- tion involving the United States in what would be the most criminal, shameful, cowardly and repulsive of all its acts." 122. The fragile links which still bound the Revo- lutionary Government and the imperialist, reactionary Government of Pl.'esident Eisenhower were broken last night when the latter tf:'rminnted diplomatie rela- tions with Cuba. We are aware that this rupture will lead to aggression; but it is a blessing that the nest oi vipers that was the United States Embassy in Cuba has disappeared. The Revolutionary Government, its patience at an end, decidect on 2 January to demand that the Government of the United States should im- mediately reduce the staff of its Embassy to the same proportions as that of our Embassy in Washington, where there are eleven officiaIs. The main reason for this decision was that, according to evidence in the hands ofthe Revolutionary Government, the greater part of the United States diplomatic staff was involved in espionage, subversion and te1'rorism. Theempire's angry reply was to break off relations. 123. 1 must make it clearthatCubahasno grievances or complaints against the people of the United States, to whom the resentful, hostile, predatory and arrogant attitude of President Eisenhower's administration is fundamentally alien. Probablj many United States citi- zens, confused and carried away by imperialist pro- paganda, do not realize this clearly and think they support that attitude. But there are also many others who have fervently embraced the admirable Ideals of the Cuban revolution. Our doors have always been and always will be open to our country's friends; and we are confident that in the no~ too distant future the relations between the two countries which have just been broken off will be resumed on a basis of absolute equality, mutuai respect and common advantage. 124. In the present circumstances it hardIy seems necessary to state that the Revolutionary Government of Cuba rejects in advance any draft resolution which would involve any kind of understanding with the im- perialist, reactionary Government of President Eisen- hower. There can be no compromise hetween the two. The reactionary and imperialist Government of Presi- dent Eisenhower has ordered military intervention in Cuba, and Cuba is preparing to repulse it. Agence et Menogeriu de la Prene. 5 A.. 1.4·22. ru. du P.rsil. Bru.elle. BOLIVIA-80LlVIE libreria Selectione, Cnsilla 972 la Paz BRAZIL-BRESIL livrario Agir, Rua MC!'lIIÎco 98·8. CoilllQ Po.tal 3291. Rio de Janeiro BURMA-BIRMANIE Curater. Ga'Vt Book Depot Rangoon. CAMBODIA·CAMBODGE Entreprise khm~re de lib;oirie, Impri. merie & Papet.ri. Sorl PI,nom.Penh. CANADA Tht' Queen's Printerilmprimeur de 10 Rt'int', Ottawa, Ontario CEYLON.CEYLAN Lake House 50oiuhop, Ânoc _Ne'Nspopers of Ceylan. PO Ba. H •. Colombo. 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