S/PV.9628 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of Iraq and Kuwait to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite Ms. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Iraq and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, to participate in this meeting. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I wish to draw the attention of Council members to documents S/2024/368, which contains the fortieth report of the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 4 of resolution 2107 (2013), and S/2024/369, which contains the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 2682 (2023). I now give the floor to Ms. Hennis-Plasschaert. Ms. Hennis-Plasschaert: In February, I delivered what I thought would be my final public briefing on Iraq (see S/PV.9543). Nevertheless, I am of course glad to have the privilege of addressing the Council once more before departing from my current position later this month. Over the past years, I have highlighted — time and again — Iraq’s many challenges. I often added that, at the same time, Iraq is a country of great opportunity. Of course, any opportunity is only as real as the effort to seize it. As stated in my previous briefings, several important steps and promising initiatives have emerged. That has been most visible in the past 18 months, particularly in the areas of service provision and construction. The country is also grasping opportunities elsewhere — for example, through its pivotal position in the region and beyond, the enhancement of its investment climate, the roll-out of financial and economic reforms and plans for water management and environmental mitigation and adaptation — for instance, a reduction in dependence on imported fuels. For the sake of time, I will not go into detail. But Council members and others may wish to refer to recent briefings and reports where further information is provided. In sum, the picture we wish to portray is of an Iraq that looks different from the country to which the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) was first deployed some 20 years ago. Indeed, it looks different from the country I arrived in, in 2018. Today, so to speak, we are witnessing an Iraq on the rise. It is true that past decades of turmoil still have an impact on the present. And yes, the challenges are manifold, with State institutions still fragile. But we believe it is high time to judge the country on progress made and to turn the page on the darker images of Iraq’s past. That is not to say that everything is perfect, of course not. And hubris does not help anyone. Rather, it denies the legitimate and rightful demands for change that are still to be met, such as corruption, factionalism, impunity, undue interference and armed actors operating outside State control. While the Government is tackling those scourges, they still represent major hurdles to be overcome. The same goes for feelings of marginalization and exclusion, which are spreading in and among certain components. If left unaddressed, they risk fanning the flames of intra- and intercommunity tension. Power grabs or punitive policies may benefit one segment of society or community in the short-term but, in the end, everyone loses. That is particularly true in a country with conflict in living memory. Within that context, the recent increase in mass unannounced executions of individuals convicted under anti-terrorism laws is a cause for great concern. There is also much work to do before the fundamental rights and freedoms of all Iraqis are safeguarded. And let me be clear: such work does not mean promoting any specific private behaviour or disrespecting any culture or religion, quite the opposite. Furthermore, any legislative work is expected to take into account the country’s obligations and commitments, including those resulting from international treaties and conventions to which Iraq has signed up. It goes without saying that the freedom of expression and non-discrimination are among the rights enshrined in such treaties. What is more, in Iraq, too many women are still waiting for a seat at the table. Others who have secured a seat are too often being squeezed out of decision-making processes. What that shows is that women’s empowerment must move beyond symbolism. And yes, the need for an active, empowered and protected civic space is as pressing as ever. But again, the Iraq of 2024 is evolving — and fast. And while it is true that the road ahead will be laden with obstacles, we are hopeful that further progress will be unlocked for all Iraqis, whatever their affiliation, faith, background or ethnicity. However, in order for that to happen it remains, of course, essential that all of Iraq’s leaders work to put the country on the clearest path to success. In my previous briefing, I touched upon the successful holding of Iraq’s local elections in December 2023. Today I can say that almost all governorate councils are now up and running. However, two provinces — Diyala and Kirkuk — remain at an impasse. Of course, it is not unusual for political negotiations to drag on; it happens across the world. Nonetheless, five months have now passed with no immediate resolution in sight. And the fact that the roadblocks to political compromise mirror those seen on other files is somewhat concerning. On a separate, but not altogether different, note, six months of negotiations on the replacement of Iraq’s parliamentary Speaker have, thus far, failed to produce results. While various factors have played into that impasse, internal divisions in the Sunni house have not helped matters. At this stage, I can only emphasize, for multiple reasons, the importance of having the Speaker in the chair. With the next parliamentary vote expected to be held this coming Saturday, there is hope that the new Speaker will be confirmed soon. A related issue to flag here is the reality that Iraq’s federal Supreme Court appears to be increasingly filling the void created by divisive politics. Of course, legal redress is a useful and peaceful tool for the resolution of disputes. But the sheer scale of constitutional cases arising from standard political processes, which should instead see politicians working out their differences to find solutions, does point to a worrisome trend. Turning to the Kurdistan region, since my previous briefing, the region’s political landscape has become even more polarized. As Council members know, after multiple postponements, the long-awaited regional elections were scheduled for 10 June. However, on 18 March, one of the ruling parties announced its decision not to participate in the elections. I will not go into the details of what happened next, but worth mentioning today is that inclusive, transparent and credible regional elections capable of producing political finality and certainty are desperately needed. The stakes are high, including — and increasingly — within the context of the legitimacy of Kurdistan regional institutions. In fact, if the current impasse were to drag on, the very future of the region would hang in the balance. After intensive engagement in the past weeks, which was guided by the need for a swift and decisive way out of the deadlock, we are now hopeful that a final, and thus binding, election date will be announced soon. It is hoped — or better, it is expected — that the vote will take place with as minimal a delay as possible, in any case, not later than four months from now and with a minority quota. On Sinjar, it has been nine years since the area was liberated from Da’esh. However, anyone travelling to Sinjar today would be forgiven for thinking that time has stood still. The city continues to lie in ruins, and the blueprint for a unified administration and stable security structures offered by the 2020 Sinjar Agreement gathers more dust as each year passes. This summer will mark a sombre anniversary: 10 years since Da’esh committed a genocide against the Yazidi people. At this stage, I can only express the hope that the upcoming tenth anniversary will not be wasted but rather used — by all authorities, actors and stakeholders — to unite and step up to the plate with the sole aim of serving the people of Sinjar. There are solutions — if only there were a genuine willingness to make them a reality. Equally important is ensuring that the pursuit of accountability continues  — certainly now, with the United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da’esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant on its way out. And speaking more broadly, those affected and displaced by conflict deserve to rebuild their lives. That must include returns to areas that have thus far been inaccessible because of the influence exerted by armed actors. To state the obvious, that does not only apply to Sinjar but also to other areas, such as Jurf Al-Sakhar — to name just one. Taking a step back to look at the regional security environment, as Council members know too well, a state of volatility persists. The good news is that Iraq’s Government has shown strong resolve in preventing the country from being dragged into wider conflict. As the Prime Minister said, that has meant exerting both external and internal pressure to avoid an escalation. Through those efforts, I am glad to say that a more stable security environment currently prevails in Iraq. Nonetheless, given the country’s complex landscape of armed actors operating outside State control and the intense regional pressures, the situation remains volatile. In other words, the risk of miscalculation is still sky-high. On the return of Iraqi nationals from north-eastern Syria, I am pleased to report that Iraq is continuing its commendable efforts. As I say that, time remains of the essence, and I therefore wish to express hope that returns will soon be scaled up. In that context, let me once again emphasize that yesterday’s fight against Da’esh may still compound the problems of tomorrow, problems that will not stop at Iraq’s doorstep. Hence, any other Government with nationals in Al-Hol and/ or other facilities in north-eastern Syria carries a duty to act. I am repeating myself, but keeping people indefinitely in those restrictive and poor conditions ultimately creates greater protection and security risks than taking them back in a controlled manner. A final point, on the issue of missing Kuwaiti and third-country nationals and missing Kuwaiti property, including the national archives, as I said last time, swifter progress is needed, and that must involve overcoming bureaucratic hurdles and immediate follow-up on outstanding issues. In other words, an uptick in activities to identify and further excavate burial sites is urgently needed. Also necessary is the reactivation of the joint committee on missing Kuwaiti property. It is quite simple: the pace of the search and return of property, including the national archives, is currently too slow. In conclusion, let me say that, throughout my tenure as Special Representative, it looked at times as if Iraq’s society and political framework were poised to come apart at the seams. The conditions that allowed that fraying cannot be expected to just disappear overnight. Dealing with both the legacy of the past and the many challenges of the present will take time. Also — and whether we like it or not  — nothing is irreversible. Yet while the country has teetered on the edge several times, it has found a way to step back from the brink to continue its journey forward. As I made clear earlier on, there are persistent and serious challenges, but Iraq’s horizon is replete with opportunities. And yes, the country is also teeming with people who are ready and willing to seize them. Without a doubt, the imprint the country and its people have made on me will be a lasting one. Therefore, once again I say, long live Iraq.

I thank Ms. Hennis-Plasschaert for her briefing. I shall now give the floor to those members of the Council who wish to make statements.

I thank Special Representative of the Secretary-General Hennis-Plasschaert very much for her briefing and, more important, for her dedicated service. The appreciation of the Government of Iraq for her efforts speaks volumes about how effective she has been in implementing her good offices role. The independent strategic review offers an important basis for informing the Security Council’s review and extension of the critical mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI). We were pleased to host an informal briefing for Mr. Volker Perthes last week, and we appreciate his service completing that report. In particular, the strategic review highlighted the importance of UNAMI’s work in three areas. The first is resolving outstanding issues between Iraq and Kuwait, pursuant to resolution 2107 (2013). UNAMI’s good offices role is key to facilitating engagement between Iraq and Kuwait. And we took note from the Secretary-General’s 7 May report (S/2024/368) that, in early March, UNAMI attended, in its observer capacity, technical meetings of the Tripartite Commission held in Baghdad. We commend Iraq’s commitment to continuing efforts aimed at determining the whereabouts and fate of missing Kuwaiti and third-country nationals, and we encourage the Government of Iraq to consider UNAMI’s proposal for the reactivation of the Iraq-Kuwait Technical Subcommittee on missing Kuwaiti property. It is clear that the United Nations should continue to be involved in efforts to resolve those outstanding issues. The second key focus of UNAMI’s work is supporting Iraq’s elections. At our most recent meeting on this subject (see S/PV.9543), the Special Representative of the Secretary-General hailed the December 2023 local council elections in Iraq as having been broadly peaceful and technically sound and an important milestone in Iraq’s democratic progress. That is something she also highlighted for us today. Ahead of the upcoming parliamentary elections in the Iraqi Kurdistan region, we encourage UNAMI’s further support for Iraq’s electoral administration, about which the latest report of the Secretary-General (S/2024/369) provided great detail. The independent strategic review recommended that the formation of a Government after parliamentary elections be regarded as a milestone for an orderly and responsible completion of UNAMI’s mandate. The United States therefore supports the continuation of UNAMI’s technical assistance for the Independent High Electoral Commission, including in preparation for next year’s Council of Representatives elections. Therefore, clearly, more work must be done. Finally, UNAMI has provided invaluable assistance in promoting human rights and economic development in Iraq. It has helped the Iraqi Government to expand and protect rights for all people, create a conducive environment for international investment and meet its international commitments and aspirations, such as those declared during the Summit for Democracy. All that is to say that UNAMI has shown itself to be a capable partner, contributing to upholding peace and security, not only within Iraq but in the region. There is no doubt that it will still have that important work to do. The United States remains committed to working with the Government of Iraq to strengthen and deepen our long-term whole-of-government partnership, which fosters a secure, stable and sovereign Iraq. We look forward to continued discussions on the mandate renewal with Member States during the consultations that follow.

We thank the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Ms. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, for her briefing on the situation in Iraq in the context of the activities of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI). As this is her last briefing on Iraq at the Security Council, we would like to thank her for her many years of effective work as Special Representative of the Secretary-General and wish her success in her new post, where her experience in building constructive relations with the countries of the region will be of particular importance. The Russian Federation stands ready to lend her its full support in that endeavour. It is clear from the briefing and the assessments that we have heard that, despite certain socioeconomic and political challenges and increasing regional tensions, against the backdrop of military escalation in the region and the Palestinian-Israeli confrontation, the Republic of Iraq is coping, and will continue to cope, with the challenges that it faces. The country has functional governmental institutions and valid mechanisms for resolving conflicts and disputes. That is confirmed by the fact that most Iraqi governorates have formed administrations following the results of the provincial council elections on 18 December 2023. We trust that all Iraqi political forces will seek to resolve the existing differences exclusively through dialogue and in the interests of all religious and ethnic communities and social groups. We consistently and unwaveringly support the promotion of dialogue between the federal State and the Kurdish Autonomous Region of Iraq on all contentious issues. In that regard, we would also like to welcome the successes of the Government of Prime Minister Al Sudani in improving the socioeconomic situation in the country. Thanks to the effective measures taken by the authorities, it has been possible to contain the terrorist activities of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). We believe that, overall, Iraq’s law enforcement agencies are successfully fulfilling their duties. We express our firm support for Iraq’s sovereignty and oppose any interference in its internal affairs. We highly appreciate Baghdad’s readiness to build mutually beneficial relations with its neighbours in a spirit of friendship and cooperation. Against that backdrop, the continued presence on Iraqi territory of United States troops under the umbrella of the international counter-ISIL coalition only exacerbates the internal situation and has a negative impact on regional affairs. We underscore that, in his most recent report on Iraq (S/2024/369), the Secretary- General notes the calls by the Iraqi authorities and society for a swift withdrawal of the foreign military presence, which intensified after another series of air strikes by the United States in February. We note the efforts of the United Nations in Iraq. We advocate for close coordination between UNAMI and the Iraqi authorities. In view of the forthcoming renewal of UNAMI’s mandate, which expires on 31 May, we take note of Baghdad’s position in favour of drawing down UNAMI’s work by 31 December 2025 and focusing the mandate for the remaining period exclusively on socioeconomic development issues. We welcome Baghdad’s openness to discussing and elaborating the practical modalities of the transition period. We are convinced that, in the 20 years that have passed since UNAMI was established, the Mission has successfully fulfilled its potential to help to restore Iraqi statehood, including by normalizing social and political life in the country and organizing the electoral process. As noted in the independent strategic review by Volker Perthes, further prolonging the international presence would only hinder the development of national solutions. The remaining problems should not become an excuse for UNAMI to stay in the country indefinitely. We are confident that Iraqis are ready to take responsibility for the political future of their country, and it is our common task to respect their choice and to help them to do so.

I thank Ms. Hennis-Plasschaert for her briefing. I would like to take this opportunity to thank her for her contributions over the past few years as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Iraq and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI). I would also like to welcome the presence of the representatives of Iraq and Kuwait at today’s meeting. The current situation in Iraq is largely stable. The Government’s efforts to enhance governance, promote economic reform, improve public services, create jobs and fight corruption have produced remarkable results, which China applauds. Stronger unity among all Iraqi actors and the achievement of reconciliation for national development are in the fundamental interests of the people of Iraq. We support the continued engagement between the central Government and the Kurdistan region of Iraq to address outstanding issues and seek sustainable solutions. Iraq finds itself at the forefront of the global fight against terrorism and still faces security threats. The international community should continue to support the build-up of Iraq’s counter-terrorism capacity and eliminate the remnants of terrorist forces. We welcome Iraq’s continued efforts for the repatriation and resettlement of Iraqi citizens from the Al-Hol camp in Syria and call on all parties concerned to collectively expedite the screening and repatriation of foreign terrorist fighter and their families in Iraq. China supports Iraq and the countries of the region in developing good-neighbourly and friendly relations and jointly safeguarding regional peace and stability. We call on all parties concerned to respect the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Iraq, resolve concerns through cooperation with the Iraqi Government and refrain from taking any unilateral actions that may aggravate tensions. Since its inception in 2003, UNAMI has made important contributions to support the reconstruction and development of Iraq. In the light of the steadily improving situation in the country and the continuous progress in institution-building and governance, it is high time to streamline the Mission’s mandate and implement a gradual drawdown. The independent strategic review team appointed by the Secretary-General, pursuant to resolution 2682 (2023), has submitted its report, clearly stating that UNAMI should not be deployed indefinitely and that the Mission’s mandate should be gradually streamlined and its responsibilities transferred. In his 8 May letter to the Secretary-General (S/2024/378, annex), the Prime Minister of Iraq requested that the mandate of UNAMI be terminated in December 2025 and proposed a detailed plan for mandate streamlining. Respecting the sovereignty of the host countries and taking on board their views are a prerequisite for the creation and mandate performance of United Nations political missions. Based on the request expressed by the Iraqi Government and drawing on the report of the independent strategic review, the Security Council should, in conjunction with the mandate renewal of UNAMI at the end of this month, propose a plan and make arrangements for the Mission’s work going forward in order to ensure its gradual drawdown and smooth transition towards an ultimate withdrawal. During that process, it is important to maintain our focus on the issue of missing Kuwaiti personnel and property. The international community and the United Nations should support both Iraq and Kuwait in strengthening their cooperation and promoting the proper settlement on relevant issues.

I also particularly thank Special Representative Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert for her last Council briefing on the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) and on the Iraq-Kuwait issue regarding missing Kuwaitis and third-party nationals and Kuwaiti property. My delegation highly commends her achievements over the past five years as the Head of UNAMI. I also welcome the independent strategic review, submitted in February, and commend the efforts of the team and its head, Mr. Volker Perthes, in assessing UNAMI’s tasks and priorities in adapting its current tasks to enhance Iraq’s peace and security. We are encouraged by the positive Iraqi-led political developments in Iraq since the last briefing (see S/PV.9543). Thirteen of 15 local government administrations were formed following Iraq’s successful holding of long-overdue elections in December. We also welcome Iraq’s adoption of a national strategy to combat violence against women and girls. UNAMI ardently and successfully assisted the Iraqi Government in that process. However, we are also aware that much work remains to realize a better, more stable future for Iraq and its people. To that end, it is crucial to fill the vacuum in legislative leadership. The seat of Speaker of the Council of Representatives, which has been vacant for nearly six months, should be filled, in cooperation with all political leaders. My delegation also commends UNAMI for helping the Iraqi and Kuwaiti Governments to identify missing Kuwaiti and third-country nationals. Even though the search for the remaining Kuwaiti properties must continue, my delegation deems it commendable that the Tripartite Commission of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Iraqi and Kuwaiti Governments have honoured their commitments to search for and identify missing Kuwaiti and third-country nationals. In that connection, we expect further aerial analyses and identification of witnesses in support of the search for potential burial sites. As a long-standing partner of Iraq, the Republic of Korea, which dispatched more than 3,000 troops to Iraq for peacekeeping and reconstruction efforts from 2004 to 2008, is fully committed to supporting Iraqi- led efforts to achieve greater stability, prosperity and security, in collaboration with the efforts of the United Nations through UNAMI. We have been consistently committed to further strengthening that partnership vis-à-vis reconstruction and development, as affirmed during our bilateral summit with Iraq last year. In that vein, my delegation will remain in close consultation with UNAMI and the Secretary-General in order to support ongoing efforts for stability and development in Iraq and to optimize the mandate and priorities of UNAMI on the basis of the independent strategic review.

I would like to thank Special Representative Hennis-Plasschaert for her briefing and, above all, for the dedicated commitment she demonstrated in the service of the United Nations for Iraq and the Iraqi people throughout her mandate over the past five years. I would also like to welcome the representatives of Iraq and Kuwait to the meeting. We join the Secretary-General and Special Representative in acknowledging the progress Iraq has made in recent years and the important contribution of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) to Iraq’s peace and stability. The Special Representative’s assertion that Iraq today is a different country from the one to which UNAMI was deployed 21 years ago speaks volumes of Iraq’s progress and the Mission’s success. When reflecting on the future of the Mission’s mandate, we need to lean on all available information. While the independent strategic review of UNAMI highlights some of the current challenges to Iraq’s peace and security, we take note of its recommendation for UNAMI to begin to transition its tasks to national institutions and the United Nations country team. We also take note of the letter from Mr. Al Sudani, Prime Minister of Iraq, addressed to Secretary-General Guterres (S/2024/378, annex), regarding the future of UNAMI. As we embark on the deliberations on the future role of the United Nations in Iraq, in full respect of Iraq’s sovereignty, Slovenia underscores the importance of strengthening and preserving domestic stability in order to further progress on the path to stability, to preserve achievements made thus far and to establish Iraq as a place for dialogue, cooperation and resilience to challenges in a volatile region. That is important for the Iraqi people and a prosperous and democratic future of Iraq, as well as for the region’s stability. Slovenia highlights the importance of allowing enough time for the transition to happen in a responsible, orderly and gradual manner that most benefits Iraq and its people. I would like to focus on three points. First, Slovenia encourages the Government of Iraq to maintain its commitment to reforms such as protecting human rights, building democratic and accountable institutions, promoting a sustainable economy and fighting corruption. Those reforms need to be implemented swiftly if they are to meet the requests and aspirations of the Iraqi people. Slovenia appreciates UNAMI’s support to Iraqi institutions. In that sense, national efforts to consolidate State institutions and democratic practices must continue. Slovenia also calls for an intensification of the dialogue on the issues still outstanding between Baghdad and Erbil. Efforts to create a peaceful and safe environment for all Iraqis, living in peace with its neighbours, are of the utmost importance. Equally important is the creation of political, social and economic opportunities for addressing root causes of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, as well as dealing with the situation of displaced and missing persons. The rule of law and respect for human rights are essential to prevent recurring cycles of crisis. We encourage the Government of Iraq to protect and promote human rights, including the freedoms of expression, association and peaceful assembly. It is important for the stability of the country that civic space is protected and defended. That allows a multitude of voices to be heard in a respectful manner, and it enables trust-building. It is equally important that national human rights bodies are effective and independent. In addition, perpetrators of human rights violations must be held accountable for their actions. Slovenia also reiterates the importance of continuous cooperation between Iraq and Kuwait on the file of missing Kuwaitis and third-country nationals. The United Nations should continue to remain closely engaged on that file. For Slovenia, the tragic experience of the wars in the Western Balkans, where 11,000 people are still missing, is close to home and demonstrates the central place of the right to know in international humanitarian and human rights law. Secondly, we commend the positive role Iraq plays in the region. In particular, we note its diplomatic efforts to advance stability, including through engagement and dialogue with regional partners. We encourage Iraq to continue to play that role. As the security situation in the wider region and in Iraq remains volatile, we once again reiterate our appeal to all sides to exercise maximum restraint. Thirdly, climate change is a destabilizing factor in Iraq. It is one of the elements contributing to droughts and water scarcity, with serious consequences for agriculture and food security. We welcome Iraq’s willingness to work with its neighbours on joint management of transboundary water resources and welcome UNAMI’s support to that end. In conclusion, I would like to reiterate our commitment to Iraq’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Council must support Iraq with a unified voice as it continues its journey towards a stable and prosperous future.

I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the three African members of the Security Council, namely, Algeria, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and my own country, Guyana (A3+). We thank Special Representative of the Secretary- General Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert for her informative briefing and take the opportunity to express our gratitude for her outstanding work as the Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) and wish her every success in her new position. We welcome the participation of the Permanent Representatives of Iraq and Kuwait in today’s meeting. At the outset, the A3+ acknowledges the important contributions that the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq has made to the peace and stability of Iraq in cooperation with successive Iraqi Governments. We commend UNAMI for its role in facilitating dialogue, promoting reconciliation and providing invaluable humanitarian aid in Iraq. Equally, we express our sincere appreciation for the notable progress achieved by the Iraqi Government in bolstering the nation’s economy, enhancing security measures and advancing democratic governance. Against that backdrop, the A3+ welcomes the timely publication of the independent strategic review undertaken by Mr. Volker Perthes, in keeping with resolution 2682 (2023). That insightful review serves as a critical tool in assessing Iraq’s current state and guiding future initiatives towards sustainable peace and prosperity. We also acknowledge the humanitarian dimension of the return of the remains of missing Kuwaitis and third-country nationals and Kuwaiti national archives. We note the progress made by UNAMI on the execution of its mandate pursuant to paragraph 4 of resolution 2107 (2013) and acknowledge the need for a follow-up mechanism until the conclusion of that important work. While recognizing the strides made by the Iraqi authorities in effectively managing crises and overcoming challenges that the country has faced, we are also cognizant of the persisting challenges, particularly the fragility of key institutions governing the nation’s political and socioeconomic processes. Furthermore, the proliferation of armed factions and the potential resurgence of entities akin to Da’esh present formidable threats to Iraq’s stability. We commend the resolute engagement of the Iraqi Government in its efforts to establish strong institutions to address the threats and to meet the aspirations of the Iraqi people. In that regard, the A3+ commends the progress made in the formation of local governments in 13 of 15 federal governorates following the certification of the results of the December 2023 governorate council elections. We encourage all stakeholders to continue to work towards finding solutions that will allow for the formation of local governments in the two remaining governorates. The threats to security still pose a concern. The scattered Da’esh attacks underscore the need for continued international support and collaboration for Iraq’s counter-terrorism efforts. That is critical in order for Iraq to exercise control over the weapons within its territory and effectively combat the emergence and operation of non-State armed groups. As the Iraqi people emerge from years of war, they cannot afford to become entangled again in an international conflict. The A3+ calls on all parties to exercise maximum restraint and to recommit to preventing a further escalation of violence in the region. We underscore the imperative of addressing underlying socioeconomic disparities and grievances that fuel instability and conflict. Efforts to promote inclusive economic growth, job creation and equitable distribution of resources are essential in fostering social cohesion and resilience against extremist ideologies. The A3+ reiterates its commitment to supporting Iraq in its efforts to rebuild and recover from the devastating impacts of conflict and displacement. International assistance should be aligned with Iraqi priorities and conducted in a manner that respects the sovereignty and dignity of the Iraqi people. The A3+ takes note of the wishes of the Iraqi Government for the mandate of UNAMI to be terminated by 31 December 2025. Cognizant that no United Nations political mission is meant to have a permanent presence in any country, we underscore the importance of respecting Iraq’s position regarding the future of the Mission and for national institutions to fully assume responsibilities for all aspects of State governance. In that context, the A3+ stands ready to engage constructively with fellow Council members, UNAMI, the Iraqi Government and all relevant stakeholders in finding the best path forward for the Iraqi people to make further gains in their quest for a more peaceful, stable and prosperous Iraq. In conclusion, the A3+ reaffirms its unwavering commitment to working collaboratively with all stakeholders to advance the cause of peace, stability and prosperity in Iraq. By addressing challenges with determination and unity, we can contribute to paving the way for a brighter future for the Iraqi people and to regional security and stability.

I thank the Special Representative for her briefing. I welcome the presence among us this morning of the representatives of Iraq and Kuwait. France welcomes the Iraqi Government’s efforts to accomplish the reforms expected by the Iraqi people. It encourages Iraq to pursue its efforts to diversify its economy, combating corruption and impunity, and protecting human rights. With regard to the relations between Baghdad and Erbil, France encourages the parties to reach an agreement on their differences. France calls on them to ensure the conditions necessary for the holding of parliamentary elections in Iraqi Kurdistan as soon as possible. France is concerned about the repercussions in Iraq of regional tensions and continues to work to prevent a conflagration in the region. It is committed to the security and stability of Iraq and of its Kurdish Autonomous Region. France condemns all violations of Iraqi sovereignty and calls on Iraq’s neighbours to cease any interference in the country’s internal affairs. Together with its partners in the Global Coalition against Da’esh, France will continue to stand with Iraq in combating terrorism, with full respect for Iraqi sovereignty, for as long as Iraq so requires. In that regard, we welcome the work accomplished by the United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da’esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant since its establishment and its effective contribution to the fight against impunity. It will be important to ensure the continuity of that work, including the management and use of databases to ensure that the fight against impunity is effective. The Council must remain mobilized in that regard. France welcomes the role of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) in supporting Iraq in various areas, with full respect for Iraq’s sovereignty. France thanks and congratulates the Special Representative for the exceptional commitment to the service of Iraq and to the Iraqi people that she showed throughout her mandate over the past five years. France took note of the letter sent by Iraq to the Secretary-General on 8 May 2024 (S/2024/378, annex), requesting the closure of UNAMI by 31 December 2025. As a strategic partner of Iraq, France will continue to listen to the Iraqi authorities on the future of UNAMI and to reflect on the most useful and effective modalities for the United Nations in Iraq. France has carefully considered the conclusions of the independent strategic review requested by the Council, which recommends a gradual transition phase. France is also in favour of a gradual, ordered and responsible transition before the definitive closure of UNAMI. We encourage Iraq to facilitate that transition and will work closely with Iraq and the United Nations to achieve that goal. Finally, France underlines the importance of close cooperation between Iraq and Kuwait on the issue of missing Kuwaitis and third-country nationals, as well as on the return of missing property and the national archives. France calls on the parties to redouble their efforts to allow for a rapid settlement of that humanitarian issue.

I thank the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), Ms. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, for her briefing. We are grateful for the work done by Mr. Volker Perthes to produce the independent strategic review on UNAMI, which the Security Council requested in resolution 2682 (2023). We took careful note of his observations and recommendations, most notably that UNAMI begin the transition of its tasks to national institutions and the United Nations country team in a responsible, orderly and gradual manner. We also took note of the letter from the Prime Minister of Iraq addressed to the Secretary-General (S/2024/378, annex). We recall the statement made by the Permanent Representative of Kuwait on the issue of missing persons and property in the previous Council briefing (see S/PV.9543), which we took note of. UNAMI has contributed significantly to the stability of Iraq and the region. As we examine the possibilities and modalities for UNAMI’s transition, priorities must include preserving the progress made by Iraq with support from UNAMI and ensuring future stability. From that perspective I will touch upon three points that Japan believes will remain essential for Iraq’s future. First, with regard to strengthening State institutions, we have witnessed positive progress in Iraq’s political space, including the holding of the first provincial council elections in 10 years. We believe UNAMI’s recent primary role has been in providing advice and assistance to the Government and the people of Iraq in that area, and we commend that work. However, there remain outstanding issues that require tireless and persistent commitment from the Government of Iraq and other stakeholders. Strengthening relations between Baghdad and Erbil remains a critical aspect of realizing more resilient State institutions. We echo the Secretary-General’s call on both federal and Kurdistan regional political leaders to redouble their efforts in that regard. We also re-emphasize our hope that the Kurdistan region’s parliamentary elections will be held in accordance with the specified timeline. Secondly, on deepening regional cooperation, it has been welcome to see Iraq continuing its active engagement in building confidence among neighbouring countries through dialogue and enhancing its regional economic relationships. Further engagement should be encouraged to explore solutions to newly emerging challenges, such as climate-related water scarcity. We also welcome the steady cooperation between Iraq and Kuwait on missing Kuwaiti and third-country nationals and missing Kuwaiti property. Japan strongly hopes to see those positive trends continue. Thirdly, with regard to ensuring security and stability, a comprehensive approach must include investing in development and addressing humanitarian issues. Durable solutions for internally displaced persons and returnees, as well as repatriating people from the Al-Hol camp, are crucial. In the meantime, amid region-wide turmoil, it is of concern that attacks by non-State armed groups are continuing. We call on all parties concerned to exercise full restraint. With those points in mind, Japan is ready to engage constructively in the UNAMI mandate renewal negotiations. Before concluding, I extend my heartfelt appreciation to Ms. Hennis-Plasschaert for her steadfast work and dedication as a Special Representative of the Secretary-General since August 2018. I wish her all the best in her next endeavour. We also look forward to working with a new Special Representative of the Secretary-General at this crucial time for UNAMI, Iraq and the region.

I would like to thank the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Ms. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, for her briefing. We also thank her for her work over the past few years and wish her every success for the future. We welcome the presence among us of the representatives of Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq and its people have come a long way and aspire to continue consolidating a prosperous and democratic future. Since 2003, the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) has been at the side of Iraq, which has seen significant progress in recent years. That progress has also been documented by the independent strategic review. Today we must all work together to ensure that the reconfiguration of the United Nations presence in the country — desired by the Iraqi Government — is carried out in a responsible, orderly and gradual manner, so as to ensure that the process will be a collective success. That is particularly important at a sensitive time for the entire region. In our view, the following themes deserve particular attention in that process and beyond. First of all, public confidence in institutions is a fundamental element of all governance and stability, whether at the local, national or regional levels. Switzerland welcomes the establishment of 13 of the 15 local governments following the local elections. That step and many others show that Iraq has functional institutions. But challenges remain. For example, the further postponement of parliamentary elections in the Kurdistan region remains a cause for concern. Similarly, national institutions should be able to maintain regular, structured dialogue between Baghdad and Erbil on all outstanding issues. We welcome UNAMI’s role in supporting Iraq on those and other issues. We look forward to continued progress in institution-building during and after the reconfiguration of the United Nations presence. Secondly, on the security and regional fronts, it is essential that the Iraqi State controls the use of force throughout its territory. Similarly, Iraq’s sovereignty and territorial integrity must be respe3cted by all. In recent years, Iraq has developed a dynamic of dialogue and cooperation in the region, the strengthening of which continues to be important. In that respect, we also welcome Iraq’s willingness to find a regional approach to tackling the negative effects of climate change and water shortages. We are in favour of UNAMI continuing its work to support the Government in the area of climate change, in line with its wishes. Thirdly, to consolidate peace and reconciliation, it is essential to guarantee human rights and to create and maintain spaces for inclusive dialogue. Similarly, it is essential to find lasting solutions for internally displaced people. We welcome the Government’s efforts in that regard, while calling for particular attention to be paid to the needs and rights of vulnerable groups. Preventing violence is crucial to stability and lasting peace in any State. We welcome the national strategy to combat violence against women and girls. At the same time, there remains an urgent need to enact a national law criminalizing domestic violence. Finally, progress must be made on finding missing Kuwaiti, Iraqi and third-country nationals as well as stateless persons, without any adverse distinction. It is important, both for the relatives of the missing and for relations between the two neighbouring countries, that sufficient attention continue to be devoted to dealing with that issue. Negotiations on UNAMI’s mandate will be decisive in laying the groundwork for the United Nations presence in Iraq going forward. It is important for Iraq and its people to be able to continue to consolidate peace in the country, both during and after that reconfiguration of relations between Iraq and the United Nations. Switzerland is committed to that.

I thank Special Representative Jeanine Hennis- Plasschaert for her briefing and acknowledge the presence this morning of the Permanent Representatives of Iraq and Kuwait. I take note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 2682 (2023) (S/2024/369). In the first quarter of this year, the Iraqi Government ratified the results of last December’s elections and installed governors and other authorities in 13 federal governorates. It is desirable that that milestone, which strengthens the rule of law, also be attained in the Kurdistan region. The political will of the Iraqi Government has proven to be key to advancing national reconciliation, security sector reform, economic and productive recovery, development and the implementation of strategies to cope with the adverse effects of climate change. Nevertheless, that political will must be accompanied by access to financing for development and climate financing through effective bilateral and multilateral cooperation that includes international and regional financial institutions. The decision to establish the High Council for Women’s Affairs attests to the Government’s commitment to preventing domestic violence and promoting a culture of respect for, and participation by, women in the country’s social and political spaces, in accordance with resolution 1325 (2000) and, above all, with the second national action plan on women and peace and security. The persistence of attacks by such terrorist groups as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and other non-State armed groups is cause for concern. That information is consistent with the findings of the independent strategic review, which warns that one of the threats looming over the country is the proliferation and reconfiguration of non-State armed actors. The killing and maiming of civilians, especially children, as a result of the detonation of improvised explosive devices and of air strikes are deplorable. There is a need to bolster bilateral security cooperation and consolidate regional partnerships in the fight against terrorism and violent extremism, while addressing the root causes of violence, such as religious intolerance, poverty and inequality, in order to pave the way for a prosperous, peaceful, secure and stable Iraq. The international community must closely monitor the humanitarian situation of internally displaced persons and refugees, including women, children, persons with disabilities and ethnic or religious minorities. Any voluntary return and reintegration initiative must comply with international standards and must be carried out in conditions of dignity and safety. Finally, Ecuador recognizes the contributions and trajectory of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq over the past 20 years and expresses its intention to support the constructive negotiation of the draft resolution on the Mission’s mandate, taking into account the need to work in coordination with the Iraqi Government, in line with the premise of national ownership, towards the orderly transfer of responsibilities and the strengthening of capacities in order to consolidate the processes that are under way.

I thank Special Representative Hennis-Plasschaert for sharing her insights with us. We commend the contribution of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) under her leadership to peace and security in Iraq, and we wish her the best in her future role. I also welcome the representatives of Iraq and Kuwait to this meeting. We commend the Government of Iraq for its commitment to advance stability, including through its engagement and facilitation of dialogue with regional partners. We call on all States, particularly neighbouring countries, to respect and support Iraq’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and democratic political process. Respect for those principles is essential, including for enhanced regional stability. Continued political stability will be crucial to sustaining and building on the gains that we have witnessed in Iraq. Malta commends UNAMI’s efforts over the past 20 years to build and support Iraq’s national institutions. We also welcome its support for efforts to address the issue of missing Kuwaitis and third-country nationals and missing Kuwaiti property, including the national archives. Further progress to resolve that long-standing issue must remain a priority. We support UNAMI and the United Nations country team in Iraq, working in partnership with the federal Government, the Kurdistan Regional Government and the Government of Kuwait towards a responsible, orderly and gradual transition of the United Nations presence in Iraq. We acknowledge the findings of the strategic review and look forward to engaging with Council members. A successful and responsible completion of UNAMI’s task should include leaving behind effective United Nations capacities to support the Government’s progress on areas including human rights, women’s empowerment, and electoral assistance. On the political front, we call for constructive steps from the federal Government and the Kurdistan Regional Government to address several outstanding issues. We encourage the federal and the Kurdistan Governments to work together to ensure the orderly, peaceful and credible conduct of elections. Harmonious relations between Baghdad and the Kurdistan region of Iraq remain crucial to establishing a prosperous, stable and peaceful Iraq. Malta underscores the importance of promoting justice and equality and of promoting and protecting of human rights. We encourage the Iraqi legislature to enact the domestic violence law as an important step towards accountability. We also stress the importance of women’s full, equal and meaningful participation in all political, electoral and peace and security processes through specific measures, including quotas. Malta stresses the importance of addressing climate and security in Iraq — the country that is the fifth most-affected by climate change. We recognize the efforts of the Government of Iraq to mitigate the effects of the climate crisis. We echo the Secretary- General’s call for increased international and regional efforts to address the challenge of water scarcity and its gender dimensions. In conclusion, addressing ongoing humanitarian needs and achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons remain critical to the long-term stability of Iraq. We therefore urge the international community to remain committed to supporting the humanitarian and development priorities of Iraq and its people.

I would like to welcome the representatives of Iraq and Kuwait to the Chamber. Let me start by thanking the Special Representative for her briefing and for the important work of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI). The Mission has made an important contribution to Iraq over the past 20 years. Now is the time to transition to a new partnership between Iraq and the United Nations. We welcome the findings of the independent strategic review, and we will work closely with all parties to consider the future of the Mission, in line with its recommendations and the will of the Government of Iraq. We hope that, in due course, Iraq will be able to share positive progress on the important issues highlighted by the independent strategic review, which are drawn from the Government’s own programme and priorities. That includes the holding of elections for the Iraqi Council of Representatives, the consolidation of nationally owned institutions to sustain dialogue between Baghdad and Erbil and the strengthening of national human rights bodies. We welcome the timely formation of 13 out of 15 local government administrations following successful elections, and we echo the encouragement of the Special Representative for greater inclusion of women in the political process. We also urge all parties to commit to agree a date for free, fair and inclusive elections in the Kurdistan region of Iraq as soon as possible. The United Kingdom welcomes the update on missing Kuwaiti and third-country nationals and missing Kuwaiti property and reiterates its commitment to the work of the Tripartite Commission. The UNAMI transition period provides the parties with an opportunity to fully resolve those outstanding issues. Should that not happen, the Council will need to consider further options for the file. In conclusion, I express the United Kingdom’s sincere thanks to the Special Representative for her outstanding work in Iraq since 2018, and we commend her powerful and hopeful words about the future of a stable and prosperous Iraq.

I now give the floor to the representative of Iraq.

At the outset, I would like to congratulate His Excellency Ambassador Pedro Comissário Afonso, Permanent Representative of Mozambique, on his country’s assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for this month. I would also like to thank Ms. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI), for her briefing on the Secretary-General’s report (S/2024/368). The Government of the Republic of Iraq continues to work on enhancing the effectiveness of Iraqi diplomacy regionally and internationally. It has adopted a balanced policy in its foreign relations and has avoided polarization. Moreover, during the current reconstruction phase, Iraqi officials continue to focus on strengthening relationships and building partnerships through official visits to many countries of the world. They also seek to enhance Iraq’s role by participating in the most important international meetings, forums and conferences. At the domestic level, the Government is making exceptional efforts to improve the economic, security and living conditions of its citizens and continues to work as a team with all the forces that have formed local governments, free from political differences, in order to achieve comprehensive reforms in all sectors, in particular oversight institutions. It has also adopted a professional approach in fighting financial and administrative corruption, which has disrupted projects and opportunities for the country’s progress. I would like to present to the Council members an overview of the most important developments that have taken place in Iraq in the past four months. Regarding the relationship between the federal Government in Baghdad and the Kurdistan Regional Government, both parties are working to maintain the stability of their relationship in all fields, especially in terms of the budget, the salaries of the region’s employees and those of the Peshmerga and the security forces. They also focus on strengthening political cooperation by emphasizing the principles of partnership, consensus and balance, on which the Constitution is based. Continued coordination between the central Government and the Kurdistan Regional Government has also resulted in appropriate solutions to the issue of allocating salaries to employees and others in the Kurdistan region and an initial agreement on the continued release of those salaries. The tireless and intensive efforts made by the teams of the Prime Minister and the Kurdistan Regional Government achieved understanding regarding the resumption of oil exports from the Kurdistan region. The Government of Iraq and the presidency of the region combined efforts to urge the main parties in the Kurdistan region — managing to set 10 June as the date for holding general elections for the sixth session of the Kurdistan Parliament — to affirm the commitment of all parties concerned to deliver and accomplish what is necessary to cooperate and coordinate with the Independent High Elections and Referendum Commission on implementing the democratic process. In terms of security, Iraq is currently experiencing recovery and stability, genuine development and tangible services that are the best since 2003. Iraq seeks to ensure that its relations with neighbouring States are balanced and based on the principles of good-neighbourliness and interests, mutual respect, non-interference in internal affairs and respect for sovereignty. The terrorist organization Da’esh no longer poses a threat to Iraq thanks to the high level of readiness of the Iraqi security forces, their long- standing experience and the significant progress made in capacity-building and intelligence sharing. Iraqi forces are therefore ready to deal with terrorist threats, and Iraq wishes to move towards establishing bilateral and security relations with the countries of the international coalition. The United States-Iraq Higher Military Commission continues to hold consultations between Iraq and the United States on the possible reduction of the number of United States soldiers in Iraq. Baghdad and Washington are also in continuous talks about reorganizing the relationship with the international coalition. The subcommittees emanating from the United States-Iraq Higher Military Commission, which began its work earlier this year, continue to assess the threat of Da’esh terrorist gangs, the operational environment, the current security situation and the capacity of the Iraqi security forces and their continued efforts to prevent the return of those terrorist gangs, as well as support for the sovereignty, unity and stability of Iraq. The subcommittees also present assessments to the Supreme Military Council to make recommendations for decisions on the transitional timeline of the international coalition in Iraq to establish a bilateral security partnership between Iraq and the United States, which will help to build the capacity of the Iraqi security forces in a way that enhances the stability and security of Iraq and the region. Five memorandums of understanding were also signed with the Turkish side on cooperation in the strategic, military, security and counter-terrorism fields, along with the military industry. The Iraqi Ministry of Migration and Displacement, in cooperation with local governments and security leaders, continues to make efforts towards implementing the plan to close camps for internally displaced persons and implement the recommendations approved by the Council of Ministers to support stability in the areas of return and create the conditions necessary for the return of displaced families, including an integrated process, starting with evacuation, shelter and relief, the reconstruction of liberated cities and providing all the means for the return of internally displaced persons, including the removal of explosives planted by terrorist groups, the reconstruction of infrastructure, the establishment of a safe environment leading to complete closure of the displacement file in the country, which is scheduled to happen by 30 July. The coming days will see the return of the last batch of 170 internally displaced persons from Sulaymaniyah governorate to their homes in the Salah Al-Din governorate and the declaration of Sulaymaniyah governorate as having no more camps for internally displaced persons. Iraq condemns and categorically rejects all aggression targeting various Iraqi territories causing loss of life and damage to private and public property under false pretexts. Such aggressions constitute violations of Iraq’s sovereignty and a serious threat to its security and its people. They contradict the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and are no different from terrorist acts, which all international efforts seek to combat collectively. Iraq encourages all efforts that help to stop a spillover of conflict, particularly regarding the dangerous developments in the region. We hope that all parties concerned will commit to non-escalation to preserve security and stability. Iraq believes that Iran is a neighbouring country with which it shares many commonalities and that the United States is a strategic ally, and its relationship with it is also important. Iraq’s relationship with Iran and the United States is therefore an advantage for Iraq and can be utilized to de-escalate, as has happened in all crises in the region. Iraq therefore believes that it is a point of convergence and not a place to settle scores. Iraq seeks more sustainable relations that focus on joint interests, mutual respect and fruitful cooperation. Iraq has designed its foreign policy based on a balanced approach free from polarization. We have adopted a policy of productive diplomacy that builds on mutual interests with neighbouring and regional countries, along with the international community. Moreover, Iraq reiterates its constitutional commitment to not allow the use of its territory as a threat to its neighbours. Iraq also confirms that it will not allow any party to tarnish its image as a country able to protect its security, sovereignty and private and public property and to commit to the safety and security of diplomatic missions on its land. As for the Government programme, the Iraqi Government attaches great importance to the governorate councils as a critical link in the chain of transformation towards administrative decentralization, as set by the Constitution. We are also fully aware that the challenges that Iraq is facing today require all political actors to cooperate and work together so that we can achieve security and development. The Iraqi Government hopes that 2024 will be a year of achievements through the realization of the first batch of projects launched in early 2023. Those projects had deadlines in order to ensure their implementation in 2024. They include the fourth ring road around Baghdad to relieve traffic congestion, as well as the construction of bridges and the development and modernization of the entry points to Baghdad. This year will also witness the launching of important projects, such as the Al-Faw seaport and the early stages of the Development Road project, as well as a series of investment projects of a strategic dimension in housing, agriculture, industry and oil. We signed contracts with the French company Total and completed the fifth and sixth rounds of licenses with other international companies, including American ones. That will enable Iraq to achieve gas self- sufficiency over the next three to five years. We have also launched oil refinery projects. Iraq hopes that 2024 will be the last year it will need to import oil derivatives and that Iraq will transform by investing in additional infrastructure in renewable energy sources in order to achieve energy self-sufficiency by 2030. Iraq has activated the sectors of industry and agriculture and has operationalized disabled factories, including those that produce fertilizers, iron and steel, because the Government believes economic growth can be achieved by focusing effectively on the private sector and achieving self-sufficiency. It is worth noting that this year the Iraqi economy has achieved a high development rate, compared to other Arab States, including with regard to foreign investments in the region. The Government relies heavily on the projects of the Development Road and the Al-Faw seaport, which will create a new Iraq, especially since the Development Road is 1,200 kilometres long and will be the least costly and fastest means to transport goods from the Gulf to Europe. In April, during the visit of the President of Türkiye to Iraq, we signed on to the basic principles of that strategic project, which will cost $17 billion and will be carried out in partnership with the States of Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The Iraqi Government is also working on implementing major projects that would attract many people who are currently unemployed and would provide for many of Iraq’s needs by diversifying the economy and moving away from heavy reliance on oil and gas exports. Moreover, the Government is working on major projects to tie the electrical grids of the Gulf countries to neighbouring countries, and we are working on roads and bridges, urban construction, industry and agriculture. A visit by the Prime Minister to Washington last month set the tone for Iraq’s external financial relations. The visit focused on the need to reform the financial and economic sectors and combat corruption, especially with regard to commercial banking and controlling the use of the dollar, as well as fighting money laundering and the funding of terrorism. All of that is a basic part of an Iraqi Government programme, bolstered by economic activity, to implement ambitious projects that would lay the groundwork for a vibrant private sector and foreign investments to take advantage of the great opportunities in the fields of construction and strategic projects. Iraq is the second largest attractor of foreign investment in Asia, having encouraged international companies to invest in it after demonstrating political and security stability. Furthermore, the Prime Minister’s visit to the United States in April included fruitful meetings with businessmen and led to the conclusion of 19 memorandums of understanding with United States companies in the fields of energy, economy and pharmaceuticals, in line with the Iraqi Government’s plan to attract investment and more important projects in a manner consistent with Iraq’s conditions, capabilities and needs. During the Prime Minister’s visit to the United States, important files were discussed through the United States-Iraq Higher Coordinating Committee, including energy, investment, transportation, education, climate change and how to create strong partnerships. The visit led to studies by five subcommittees, focusing on five main areas of strategic cooperation. The visit of the President of Türkiye to Iraq also resulted in the signing of a strategic framework agreement for cooperation between the two countries and the creation of five committees dealing with security, water, economy, energy and transport. We also signed 26 additional memorandums of understanding in various fields. As for combating desertification and climate change, in April the Iraqi capital hosted the fourth Baghdad International Water Conference, under the slogan “Towards a better water future: together we can”, which addressed the challenges of climate change and the need for adaptation towards a safe water future. The Turkish President’s visit to Iraq witnessed discussions on Iraq’s demand for water in order to resolve the water problem and ensure that Iraq receives its fair share of water. Moreover, the Department of Forestry and Desertification of the Ministry of Agriculture is implementing important projects in order to mitigate climate change, including by improving forestry, stabilizing sand dunes, creating desert oases and implementing an initiative, launched by the Prime Minister, that seeks to plant 5 million trees. In the light of the water scarcity crisis, the Ministry of Water Resources is improving the sustainability of irrigation projects by using modern technology and adopting water management mechanisms. The Ministry of the Environment continues to implement the Iraqi national strategy and its plan of action to reduce environmental pollution by 2030, which seeks to improve the quality of air, water and soil and to develop the management of solid waste and promote the related institutional and legal frameworks. As for relations with the sisterly State of Kuwait, Iraq and Kuwait continue to work bilaterally in matters of importance to both countries and to hold bilateral meetings at all levels. That cooperation and those official meetings continue between various parties in Iraq, including the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Iraq, and UNAMI in order to identify ways of making progress on the file on missing Kuwaitis and Kuwaiti property. The Government of Iraq is keen on searching, verifying and returning to the State of Kuwait any property or documents belonging to the Kuwaiti national archives. Moreover, we have announced financial rewards for those who can provide information in that connection. We continue to encourage Iraqi citizens to report any information on the remains of Kuwaiti missing persons in Iraq or on the whereabouts of the Kuwaiti archives or any other Kuwaiti property. The Government of the Republic of Iraq is making every effort to resolve this matter because we feel its human impact, and we seek to continue the work of the Trilateral Commission and its Technical Subcommittee in that regard. We pledge to work together to find sustainable solutions to that issue. On Iraq’s position regarding the strategic review of UNAMI, Iraq provided all the facilities it could to the relevant team so as to enable it to perform its duties freely, smoothly and without interference. We did so out of respect for Security Council resolutions and in furtherance of the relationship that we enjoy with the United Nations. The Secretary-General’s report reflects the views of all those who were met by the head of the team, and in some instances, the report also reflects some personal opinions. On Iraq’s position on the future of UNAMI and its mandate, the Government of Iraq is committed to the programme adopted by the House of Representatives. It seeks to enhance the role of constitutional institutions and to regulate Iraq’s relationships with international bodies and organizations in a manner consistent with developments since 2003 and to serve our national interests. In May 2023, the Government of Iraq requested that the Security Council reduce the mandate of UNAMI and conduct an objective evaluation of its work in preparation for its final drawdown (S/2023/359, annex), as the circumstances under which the Mission was established 21 years ago no longer existed. In response to that request, the Security Council, in resolution 2682 (2023), established the independent strategic review team that assessed the Mission’s work and concluded that there was no longer a need for the Mission to continue its work in view of the positive developments and important accomplishments made in Iraq in various domains, including in security, political, economic and social fields, and in terms of regional and international relations. The main purpose of UNAMI is to assist Iraq. It is a form of cooperation between Iraq and the United Nations, which must be based on consultations with and respect for the will and sovereignty of Iraq, as well as the extent to which the Mission is achieving its objectives and the need for it to continue its work. Based on the report of the independent strategic review team and the conviction of the Government of Iraq, which has been shared with Council members since last year, the Government of Iraq requests that UNAMI’s work be concluded by 31 December 2025 and that, until that time, its work be limited to the areas of economic reform, the improvement of services, sustainable development, climate change and other development-related areas. It should seek to complete its liquidation and achieve a responsible and full drawdown by 2025. The Government of Iraq stresses that ending UNAMI’s work is, in addition to the aforementioned, a natural result of the development of the relationship between Iraq and the United Nations and their deepening cooperation at various levels. My country’s delegation hopes that the Security Council will adopt a resolution in response to the request of the Government of Iraq and will oversee the follow-up through the continued work of specialized agencies and the country team in Iraq. In conclusion, I express my thanks and gratitude to the Secretary-General, Mr. António Guterres, and his Special Representative, Ms. Jeanine Hennis- Plasschaert, and all UNAMI personnel for the support that they have provided to Iraq over the past years. Moreover, we cannot fail to recall the great sacrifices made by UNAMI staff, in particular the late Mr. Sérgio Vieira de Mello and his colleagues, who were victims of a terrorist attack that targeted the UNAMI headquarters in August 2003.

I now give the floor to the representative of Kuwait.

At the outset, I would like to congratulate your friendly country, Mr. President, and to convey, through you, my greetings to the Permanent Representative, Mr. Afonso. We are confident that your wisdom in addressing the concerns and challenges of the international community will assist the Council in its work. We also reiterate the support of my country’s delegation for your tireless efforts. I would like to commend the efforts of Ms. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI), as well as Mr. Claudio Cordone, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, and all UNAMI personnel is based in the Republic of Iraq. We wish the Special Representative every success in her future duties. I would also like to commend the laudable efforts made by all concerned in gathering information and collecting evidence for the drafting of the fortieth report of the Secretary-General (S/2024/368), submitted pursuant to paragraph 4 of resolution 2107 (2013), pertaining to missing Kuwaiti and third-country nationals and missing Kuwaiti property, including the national archives. I decided to participate in the Council’s meeting today — and I thank all those who have welcomed our presence here  — for the second time in a row, on the basis of my personal conviction and our unwavering position, which has nothing to do with politics, to shed light on the purely technical and human aspect of this file, without any political emotions or motives. I would like to reiterate my country’s position with regard to the importance of the United Nations continuing to monitor the search for the 308 prisoners and missing persons and their remains. At the same time, we note that, despite the fact that this multilateral process has existed for decades, it has not yet been able to identify half of the total number of remains. That is why the process must not stop, but rather, as Ms. Hennis-Plasschaert stressed, must be strengthened and benefit from international support, including from the international community, by seeking a renewed United Nations mechanism that will surely contribute to achieving progress in that regard and to bringing this painful humanitarian chapter to a close once and for all. Recent regional experiences have shown that, when numbers and customary diplomatic rhetoric are used, individuals and their concerns are forgotten. That is something we want to avoid. I reiterate the State of Kuwait’s support for completing UNAMI’s tasks, including the file related to the prisoners and missing persons, until the end of December 2025, based on the request of the Government of Iraq. There must be follow up on that humanitarian issue, and all outstanding issues must be addressed during that period. We call on the officials of the sisterly Republic of Iraq to continue their efforts. We in the State of Kuwait appreciate the existing cooperation on this matter and look forward its continuation. However, if the files are not definitively closed, we must collectively find other options. Since the Council’s adoption of resolution 1284 (1999) and the subsequent appointment of a high-level coordinator of Russian nationality, who was succeeded by another coordinator, also a Russian national, in the years preceding the transfer of the tasks relating to the search for missing persons to UNAMI, we have seen remarkable progress that has enabled us to identify the remains of 236 missing persons. The method that was used from 2000 to 2013 had proved its effectiveness and accelerated the search for missing persons. Therefore, we reiterate that the Council must agree on a United Nations mechanism to strengthen and advance the current activities and consider various ideas and appoint, pursuant to resolution 1284 (1999), a high- level coordinator tasked with following up on the issue and submitting periodic reports to the Council on the situation. Here, I would like to point out and to stress to everyone that the idea of continued United Nations follow-up is not a new one. I would also like to point out that paragraph 5 of resolution 2107 (2013) stipulates that the Council: “[e]xpresses its intention to review the modalities of the reporting referred to in operative paragraph 4 of this resolution, upon the eventual termination of UNAMI’s mandate, with a view towards considering a continued role for the United Nations in such matters if needed”. With regard to the United Nations Mission itself, I must reaffirm the State of Kuwait’s position that the sovereignty of the brotherly country of Iraq and its decisions regarding the presence of UNAMI must be respected. That is a purely Iraqi matter that we all respect and abide by. However, Kuwait also has the absolute right, with regard to the issue of prisoners, missing persons and Kuwaiti property, including the national archives, to follow up on all matters concerning its nationals. It is therefore incumbent upon us to discuss the mechanism I just mentioned in a sincere and realistic manner and to expeditiously push the process forward. Before I conclude, I would like to emphasize, referring back to what I said earlier about the importance of not confusing numbers and statistics with human beings, that during its non-permanent membership in the Security Council for the period 2018–2019, the State of Kuwait, based on its commitment to that principle, pushed for the adoption of resolution 2474 (2019). Sixty- eight States participated in sponsoring the resolution, which emphasizes that international attention should not overlook the issue of missing persons in armed conflict. Five years after the adoption of that resolution, we sit here to translate into action what we called for and what the Council agreed upon by consensus. In conclusion, I reiterate the importance of continuing the United Nations follow-up on the file of Kuwaiti prisoners and missing persons, third-country nationals and Kuwaiti property, including the national archives.

There are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers. I now invite Council members to informal consultations to continue our discussion on the subject.