S/PV.9688 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of Azerbaijan, Belarus, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the following briefers to participate in this meeting: Ms. Elizabeth Spehar, Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs; His Excellency Mr. Zhang Ming, Secretary- General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization; His Excellency Mr. Imangali Tasmagambetov, Secretary- General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization; and His Excellency Mr. Sergey Lebedev, Secretary- General of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I wish to draw the attention of Council members to document S/2024/538, which contains the text of a letter dated 9 July 2024 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General transmitting a concept paper on the item under consideration. I now give the floor to Ms. Spehar. Ms. Spehar: I welcome this opportunity to address the Security Council on cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in maintaining international peace and security. As the Secretary-General has repeatedly emphasized, cooperation with regional and subregional organizations, as enshrined in Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations, is at the core of the United Nations’ work, particularly as it relates to the maintenance of peace and security. The founders of the United Nations recognized the necessity of collective efforts to ensure peace in an increasingly complex world. It requires partnership across all levels — from the local, to the national, to the regional, to the global. Now more than ever, a more effective United Nations relies on stronger and deepened cooperation with regional and subregional organizations, including the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Today the stakes for international peace and security could not be higher. Tensions and competition among States challenge the principles set out in the Charter of the United Nations, resulting in lost trust, new conflicts and the risks of escalation and spillover affecting all regions, including Eurasia. That also affects our ability to respond effectively to challenges worldwide. The Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization have all been, and remain, important partners for the United Nations. Over the years, we have enhanced our partnerships with all three Organizations, in line with Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter. We have improved consultations through regular contacts at all levels. The Secretary- General’s direct engagements with his CSTO, CIS and SCO counterparts are supported by continuous interactions by United Nations regional offices and liaison personnel to further strengthen our cooperation. We have formalized frameworks for cooperation, which lay out a concrete programme of work to deepen our partnership. We have strengthened cooperation in the field between our respective envoys, particularly in support of peace processes and preventive diplomacy engagements. In that work, we have been guided by biennial resolutions of the General Assembly, which welcome and note with appreciation the growing partnerships with the CSTO, CIS and SCO, including in response to regional peace and security challenges. We commend the ongoing efforts by the Secretariat and members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization to enhance cooperation between our two Secretariats in peacekeeping, also to ensure wider participation in United Nations peace operations around the world. We also value the important platform for regional dialogue and cooperation on a range of priority issues, including related to regional peace and security, provided by the Commonwealth of Independent States. During his recent participation in the Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on 3 and 4 July in Astana, the Secretary-General highlighted the important role of the SCO, as the largest regional organization, in addressing today’s global challenges. The Astana Declaration, the main outcome document of the recent summit, inter alia, stressed the central role of the United Nations in strengthening international cooperation. We aim to further strengthen cooperation with the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in areas of mutual priority, including in peace and security, focusing on early warning, preventive diplomacy, peacekeeping and further implementation of the women and peace and security and youth, peace and security agendas. As we meet today, the Eurasian region faces rising tensions and emerging threats that require urgent joint action. Those threats and challenges range from security, such as preventing violent extremism and countering terrorism, drug trafficking and unresolved border issues, to those relating to the impact of climate change, including accelerated melting of glaciers and water scarcity, increasingly affecting the countries in the region and requiring pragmatic collaboration. In Central Asia, a key priority region for our organizations, the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia actively engages with the leadership of all three organizations to discuss and coordinate preventive efforts. That includes engagement in support of the implementation of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy in the region. We also focus on the impact of developments in Afghanistan on regional stability and seek opportunities to advance international engagement in a more coherent, coordinated and structured manner. Regarding Ukraine, as the Secretary-General noted on various occasions, it is time for a just peace based on the United Nations Charter, international law and General Assembly resolutions. The United Nations is ready to support all meaningful efforts and initiatives towards that end. The Secretary-General’s policy brief on A New Agenda for Peace outlines actions to promote diplomacy for peace, the rebuilding of trust and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter. Regional and subregional organizations have a critical role to play in that regard. They can bring credibility and legitimacy. They can help to increase trust and reduce misperceptions. They can invest in prevention and provide mechanisms for crisis management and conflict resolution. In the face of growing competition at the global level and increasing transnational threats, regional frameworks and organizations can offer much-needed avenues for bridge-building and trust-building. Strengthening regional frameworks for dialogue and cooperation is essential in regions where long-standing security architecture and mechanisms are collapsing or mired in stalemate — or where they have never existed. As A New Agenda for Peace recognizes, the States Members of the United Nations have the responsibility  — and the means  — to meet the obligations entrusted to them by the United Nations Charter. The upcoming Summit of the Future represents an important opportunity to address fundamental challenges to multilateralism. As a high-level political declaration to be adopted by Heads of State and Government, the Pact for the Future can reinforce the continued necessity of regional cooperation to address threats to multilateralism. We look forward to the active participation of members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in this pivotal Summit in September.

I thank Ms. Spehar for her briefing. I now give the floor to Mr. Zhang Ming.

I thank the Russian presidency of the Security Council for inviting me to participate in today’s event. I extend my sincere gratitude to the Russian delegation for its thoughtful preparations and arrangements for this event. I wish this meeting great success. Today’s world is undergoing complex and profound changes in the political and economic situation and the landscape of international relations. Geopolitical confrontation and clashes are intensifying, terrorist activities remain rampant, economic growth faces mounting pressure and new threats and challenges keep emerging. As a result, global peace and development are confronted with a variety of uncertainties and destabilizing factors. Against that backdrop, no country or regional organization can remain immune. We need and must promote international cooperation, with the United Nations playing a central coordinating role, in order to jointly respond to the various threats and challenges and jointly safeguard global and regional security, stability, development and prosperity. Since its inception, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has prioritized the maintenance of international and regional security. For more than 20 years, we have upheld the Shanghai spirit of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, joint consultation, respect for cultural diversity and aspiration for collective development. We have championed the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, as well as equality and mutual benefit, non-interference in internal affairs and the non-use or threat of use of force. We believe that differences and disputes between countries should be settled peacefully through dialogue and negotiations. We believe that traditional and non-traditional security threats and challenges should be addressed through international cooperation and solidarity. Doing so will help create a more representative, democratic, just and multipolar world order, which, in turn, will facilitate our concerted efforts to foster a new type of international relations characterized by mutual respect, fairness, justice and mutually beneficial cooperation and will help shape a community with a shared future for humankind. Those purposes and principles are highly consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and the norms upheld by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). They form a solid foundation for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the United Nations and other relevant partner international organizations working together to maintain international and regional security and stability. Next year will mark the eightieth anniversary of humankind’s triumph over the havoc of the Second World War and victory of the global anti-fascist war, as well as the eightieth anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. Over the past eight decades, the United Nations has been an irreplaceable force in the maintenance of world peace and development, and its role needs to be developed and promoted. For many years, as an observer of the United Nations, the SCO has steadfastly supported the central coordinating role of the United Nations in the maintenance of peace and security. We have upheld the Charter of the United Nations and adhered to Security Council resolutions. We have also cooperated closely with the United Nations and its specialized agencies in responding to a broad spectrum of security threats and challenges. In combating the three forces  — separatists, religious extremists and terrorists — we unswervingly implement the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, reject the politicization of counter-terrorism and the use of double standards, and support the adoption of a comprehensive convention against international terrorism within the United Nations framework. The Executive Committee of the SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure signed a memorandum of understanding with the Counter-Terrorism Committee of the Security Council in order to facilitate closer cooperation, including on policy coordination and the sharing of experiences. In the area of counter- narcotics, the SCO held regular consultations with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) on combating drug production and trafficking, and in March, the SCO and UNODC jointly hosted an event themed “Summit of the Future  — Interlinks between Drugs, Crime, Corruption and Terrorism as a Development Challenge”. In the fight against transnational organized crime, we uphold the central coordinating role of the United Nations and support enhancing the international legal basis for addressing the threats and challenges posed by crime. With regard to ensuring international information security, we underscore the key role of the United Nations in countering information security threats and advocate the creation of a safe information space on the basis of the principles of respect for national sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other States. In addition, we fully support and promote the implementation of the principled positions and key resolutions of the United Nations on critical international and regional security issues. In February, I attended a meeting in Doha of Special Envoys and Special Representative on Afghanistan, chaired by Secretary-General Guterres. There I expressed the SCO’s support for the efforts of the international community, including the United Nations, to achieve peace and development in Afghanistan. Moreover, we fully support and actively implement the important Security Council resolutions on achieving an immediate, comprehensive and sustainable ceasefire in the Gaza Strip and facilitating humanitarian access to the area. On the Iranian nuclear issue, we urge all parties concerned to fulfil their obligations in strict accordance with resolution 2231 (2015) and ensure the complete and effective implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. The SCO also attaches great importance to security cooperation with regional partner organizations such as the CSTO and the CIS. A tripartite meeting is held every year among the executive heads of our three organizations in order to engage closely on how to enhance coordination, cooperation and communication. In addition, our SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure and the CSTO regularly conduct intelligence briefings and share experiences on combating three forces  — money laundering and terrorist financing, drug-financed terrorism and Internet-based terrorist activities. A partnership was established between the SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure and the CIS Anti-Terrorism Centre, followed by our first- ever joint counter-terrorism exercise, code-named “Eurasia-Antiterror 2023”. Those joint efforts were very successful and proved to be a powerful deterrent against international terrorist and criminal groups. At the SCO summit in Astana earlier this month, in response to the increasingly complex and dire international and regional security situation, the SCO initiative calling for solidarity and unity to promote global justice, harmony and development was adopted, promoting the establishment of a new security regime calling for concerted international efforts to jointly confront the challenges of the twenty- first century; cautioning against confrontation, intimidation, blackmail, interference in the internal affairs of other countries or other means of pressure; and advocating dialogue, cooperate on an equal footing and peaceful coexistence in the quest for just and harmonious global development. We call on the international community to work together to promote the implementation of this initiative. Security is the guarantee of development, and development is the objective of security. While maintaining a strong commitment to security cooperation, the SCO also highly values results- oriented cooperation among its members in economic, cultural and other areas in the process of the accelerated implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We have established partnerships with many United Nations agencies, including the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UNESCO, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), enabling us to participate in each other’s major events and establish synergy in development planning. Food security in particular is high on our agenda, as it is a livelihood-related priority. Last November, alongside the FAO, we convened a dialogue under the theme “Food Security: Sustainable Development of the SCO Member States’ Agriculture Sector in Conditions of Climate Challenges” in which participants benefited from United Nations expertise and solutions for optimizing agricultural development. We also attach great importance to green sustainable development. The year 2024 is the SCO’s Year of Ecology. Member States have successfully undertaken a number of joint actions on ecological and environmental cooperation. In particular, together with UNEP, we launched an event in February in Nairobi entitled “One Planet, One Future: Joining Efforts for Environmental Sustainability”. A memorandum of understanding between the SCO secretariat and UNEP was signed, providing a rare opportunity for our two organizations to advance environmental protection and promote green development in the region and the world by leveraging our respective advantages. Ten days ago, the SCO secretariat jointly organized the SCO’s Year of Ecology Forum with the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, the country that has taken over the SCO presidency for 2024–2025. Members of the organization and representatives of UNEP were present, which speaks volumes about the robust and institutionalized cooperation between the SCO and the United Nations on the ecological and environmental agenda. The year 2025 is SCO’s Year of Sustainable Development. We look forward to continued close cooperation with the United Nations to make renewed contributions to achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and a green, healthy and sustainable global development. As Secretary-General Guterres said, the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization are the two largest international organizations in the world. Therefore, closer cooperation between our organizations on security and development issues is an imperative, given the prevailing trend of peace and development. It also provides a sound guarantee for future global sustainable development. Regardless of how the international and regional dynamics change, we at the SCO will not depart from our fundamental position of abiding by the Charter of the United Nations. We will remain true to our core mission of maintaining regional and international security, stability, prosperity and development and will not waver in our commitment to cooperating at the international level in all areas with an open mind. Going forward, the SCO will maintain close communication and coordination with the United Nations and all partner international organizations to broaden its circle of friends underpinned by mutual respect and win-win cooperation in order to work together constructively for the maintenance of long- term international and regional security and for the good of our member States and all peoples around the world.

I thank Mr. Zhang Ming for his statement. I now give the floor to Mr. Tasmagambetov.

I would like to thank the Russian presidency of the Security Council for the invitation to take part in the debate on the topic of cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). We are grateful for the opportunity to participate in this meeting of the main organ of the universal Organization responsible for maintaining international peace and security. I am convinced that today’s debate will contribute to developing new additional mechanisms for cooperation between the United Nations and the CSTO, the CIS and the SCO — the leading regional organizations operating in the Eurasian security area. The Collective Security Treaty Organization considers the United Nations its main international partner. We have always advocated further cooperation with the United Nations on the basis of its Charter, first and foremost, its Chapter VIII on regional arrangements. That is especially important in today’s difficult times, when fundamental changes are taking place in international relations. There is increasing use of force to resolve international problems, and we are seeing the de facto rejection of the universal norms of international law. The crisis of trust between the global centres is causing enormous damage to the possibility of reaching mutually acceptable solutions on many issues of global security. In an atmosphere of strategic instability, many frozen conflicts are escalating. Subregional issues are becoming regional conflicts. They often could be managed. And they are increasing. According to available statistics, last year, more than 180 conflicts at the local and regional levels were recorded in the world. That is more than at any time in the past 30 years. I would like to underscore the timeliness of the Secretary-General’s New Agenda for Peace and the importance of reducing strategic security risks through preventive regional activities. In our contribution to discussing the New Agenda for Peace, we agreed with the assessment that regional security organizations have a central role to play in maintaining peace and security and preventing instability. We in the CSTO believe that, in today’s world, in which there are critical changes, countries cannot counter growing threats and challenges alone. Since the establishment of the United Nations, the functions of regional organizations have expanded significantly. They are closer to the sources of the problems and see the conflicts as they emerge and take preventive measures on the basis of their available resources. By strengthening regional stability in accordance with the national interests of member States, regional organizations can form an alternative to ineffective and outdated models of cooperation and create new, more effective mechanisms to ensure cooperation. Therefore, they are contributing to expanding opportunities for free and successful internal development of States and mutually beneficial and equal international cooperation in the emerging multipolar world. The strategic goal of the CSTO is to ensure collective security by consolidating efforts on the basis of partnerships, universally recognized norms and principles of international law. The guiding principle of all our actions is the principle of ensuring the equal and indivisible security of member States by strengthening the national security of each State and rejecting bloc- based mentalities. Our goal is not to be a counterweight to any other organization or country. The growing convergence and similarity in the approaches of the member States of the CSTO, CIS and SCO to the most important issues on the international agenda lead us to consistently develop relations with those organizations. We fully support the provisions of the Astana Declaration of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on the fact that there are tectonic shifts in global politics, economics and other areas of international relations and a more just multipolar world order is emerging and opportunities for the development of States and the implementation of mutually beneficial and equal international cooperation are expanding. In that regard, we support Russia’s initiative to form a new continent-wide framework for cooperation in the areas of security, economic and humanitarian affairs, designed to connect integration projects and harmonize relations between development centres in Eurasia. For its part, the CSTO is aimed at effectively fulfilling the goals of its Charter in its area of responsibility. A positive assessment of our organization as a partner was recognized in General Assembly resolution 77/13 on cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization, adopted at the seventy-seventh session of the General Assembly. The resolution notes that since the signing of the Collective Security Treaty, the Collective Security Treaty Organization has transformed into a multifunctional structure with the potential to provide an adequate response to a wide range of threats and challenges within the area of its responsibility. We hope that that objective positive assessment will be expressed in the new draft resolution, which will be submitted to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session. Over the 30 years of existence of the Collective Security Treaty, our organization has firmly established itself as an effective, integrated system of collective security. We are strengthening the organization’s military capacity and expanding its capacities in the information and analytical sphere, with the aim of making timely forecasts and developing recommendations on countering challenges and threats to the security of States members of the CSTO. The organization has managed to prevent or mitigate a number of crises in its area of responsibility. Operating in a significant part of the Eurasian region, we give priority to the political and diplomatic direction of our activities, and we are improving our capabilities in terms of crisis response, peacekeeping and tackling threats and challenges. The CSTO continues to undertake efforts to achieve lasting peace in the South Caucasus. In particular, I would like to note the positive results of the meeting of the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan and Armenia organized last May in Astana at the initiative of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Mr. Tokayev, in his capacity as the Chair of the Collective Security Council of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. Afghanistan remains the main hotbed of instability in the Central Asian region. Despite the known positive changes in that country, the likelihood of the spread of terrorism, radical ideology and criminal drug trafficking is not only not decreasing but taking on new forms. We note additional challenges related to the evidence of competition for natural resources in the region, primarily for water, which could lead to intergovernmental conflicts. Despite the acuteness of that issue, we have managed to maintain control in that area of responsibility. The organization attaches particular importance to monitoring and predicting how the situation may develop. In the Council of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the CSTO, there is a successful working group on Afghanistan, in which representatives of the relevant departments of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Embassy of Afghanistan and interested third countries take part. In that regard, we would like to note the useful regular contacts with United Nations entities, as well as with the Special Representatives of the Secretary- General for Afghanistan and Central Asia. The exchange of views attests to the proximity of overall assessments of possible developments in the region and specific preventive actions to be taken. The organization is also taking a number of practical steps aimed at easing tensions and strengthening the Tajik-Afghan border. We consider creating the legal and administrative conditions for integrating the peacekeeping potential of the CSTO member States into United Nations peacekeeping activities to be the most important practical area of our long-term cooperation. The CSTO has the resources to participate effectively in United Nations peacekeeping missions. To date, there are approximately 3,800 people in the collective peacekeeping forces of the CSTO. Overall, they meet the requirements and standards of the United Nations, both in terms of structure and preparedness for action. In order to integrate the collective peacekeeping potential of the CSTO into United Nations operations, we have established the institution of the “coordinating State”, and we have established the position of Special Representative of the CSTO Secretary-General on Peacekeeping, at the level of Deputy Secretary- General. In that connection, we welcome the individual participation of Kazakhstan’s peacekeeping contingent in the activities of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force in the important area on the disengagement line in the Golan Heights. We consider the very favourable assessment of the CSTO’s efforts to implement the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, as set out in the aforementioned resolution on cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization, adopted at the seventy-seventh session of the General Assembly, to be the recognition of the contribution of our organization to the global fight against terrorism. We are satisfied with the development of our cooperation with the Office of Counter-Terrorism, the Executive Director of the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime within the framework of the existing memorandums. We are interested in further expanding that cooperation. We also intend to further develop all areas of cooperation on the basis of the Joint Declaration on Cooperation between the Secretariats of the United Nations and of the Collective Security Treaty Organization of 18 March 2010 and the existing memorandums and protocols on cooperation between the CSTO and the United Nations in various fields. We have effective practical experience, namely, methods of cooperation that we have developed over years and that are aimed at depriving international terrorist organizations of breeding grounds. They are implemented mainly as part of the planned preventive operations of the competent authorities of CSTO member States, such as operations Kanal, Proxy, Nelegal and Naemnik — “Channel”, “Proxy”, “Illegal person” and “Mercenary”, respectively. Their purpose is to systematically counter illegal drug trafficking, prevent illegal migration and prevent the use of information and communications technology in the interests of international terrorism, as well as to cut off the channels for the recruitment, entry and exit of our nationals for participation in terrorist activities and to neutralize the resource base of terrorist organizations. We are ready to share our experience in conducting special preventive operations, which we have stepped up in connection with the negative impact of the Afghan crisis for the security and stability of our allies. We take this opportunity to call on international and regional organizations and various States not only to observe those exercises and operations, but also to participate in them. The mechanism of partnership that we have developed in our organization and our productive contacts with the relevant United Nations entities make that possible. In the interests of strengthening the key role of the United Nations in countering threats in the information sphere, and in accordance with the relevant Security Council resolutions, in particular resolutions 1624 (2005) and 2354 (2017), we are ready to unify our efforts in the area of information security. The CSTO member States are actively involved in the process of developing, under the auspices of the United Nations, universal rules, norms and principles of responsible conduct in the information sphere and underscore the importance of efforts within the Open-ended Working Group on Security of and in the Use of Information and Communications Technologies. We consider the Open-ended Working Group to be an effective, key negotiation mechanism on that topic in the United Nations. The principles of our joint efforts, including the central and coordinating role of the United Nations, in preventing and combating the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes are enshrined in the relevant statement by the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the States members of the CSTO, adopted in June. The acuteness of regional conflicts is not easing and poses a permanent threat to international peace. For preventive efforts and in order to overcome that threat, we are ready to fully activate the significant and as yet untapped potential by uniting the efforts of the CSTO and other specialized bodies of the regional organizations in Eurasia and United Nations entities in the area of security. We are ready to engage in joint efforts to form a Eurasian security architecture with all interested States and intergovernmental structures, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Those efforts will be based, inter alia, on the Russian proposal to start work on formulating the parameters and principles of that architecture in a comprehensive document under the provisional title “Eurasian charter for diversity and multipolarity in the twenty-first century”. We are convinced that today’s meeting will give additional impetus to the practical cooperation between the United Nations and the CSTO and other regional organizations active on the Eurasian continent in the interests of peace and security. We have every capability of achieving that.

I thank Mr. Tasmagambetov for his briefing. I now give the floor to Mr. Lebedev.

I am very grateful to the Russian presidency of the Security Council for the invitation to take part in the briefing on issues of cooperation between the United Nations and the Eurasian integration organizations  — the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. It represents an excellent opportunity for us not only to speak to the Council about cooperation between the CIS and the United Nations but also to share our vision of the situation in the area of international relations. First and foremost, I would like to assure the Council that cooperation with United Nations agencies, programmes and funds has always been and will continue to be a priority area of international activity for the countries of the Commonwealth. During the annual meetings of the CIS Heads of State, our countries’ Foreign Ministers have consistently underscored the importance of the United Nations, discussing the most serious current issues in international politics and agreeing on approaches to resolving them. The importance of continued cooperation and coordination between the CIS and the United Nations and their dedication to the purposes, principles and norms enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations were affirmed in the CIS Council of Heads of State’s adoption of the Concept of Further Development of the Commonwealth of Independent States in December 2020. In October 2020, in a joint statement on the occasion of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the United Nations, the Presidents of the CIS countries noted that the United Nations is a cornerstone of modern international relations and a universal tool in the collective quest for answers to the challenges and threats of our times and declared their commitment to strengthening the central coordinating role of the United Nations in ensuring peace and security on our planet. I want to emphasize that a priority for the CIS is the strengthening of ties with the United Nations on current international issues, including in accordance with the positions of General Assembly resolution 71/10, on cooperation between the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Independent States. That principled position was once again reaffirmed on 12 April 2024 in the declaration by the CIS Foreign Ministers on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the Assembly’s granting of observer status to the CIS. The views of States members of the CIS on the foundational and most significant international topics discussed at the United Nations are fully or very closely aligned with those of the United Nations. Within the framework of that cooperation, meetings and conversations are held with United Nations experts, including on the sidelines of international events. Representatives of the Executive Committee and other CIS bodies take part, often via videoconference, in events at the invitation of the Counter-Terrorism Committee of the Security Council, the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. CIS sectoral cooperation bodies interact with United Nations agencies and entities, while the leadership and representatives of executive United Nations bodies participate in events within the CIS framework. The CIS bodies include its Anti-Terrorism Centre, the Council for Health Cooperation, the Inter-State Statistical Committee, the Council of Heads of Customs Services, the Inter-State Council on Industrial Security, the Council of Heads of Migration Agencies and the Council of Heads of Financial Intelligence, as well as other bodies. Regarding information sharing, the CIS Executive Committee provides United Nations bodies with relevant materials on measures taken by CIS bodies to combat international terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and illegal drug trafficking. The CIS States are focused on further deepening their mutual cooperation and coordination of efforts with the United Nations and its executive organs. We are ready to expand our productive cooperation for the purposes of maintaining international peace and security and inter-ethnic harmony, safeguarding human rights and fostering economic and social progress. The consistent and constructive attitude of the CIS Governments to the United Nations was enshrined in the 2023 statement of CIS Heads of State on international relations in a multipolar world, which recognizes the Security Council’s primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security and the inadmissibility of the use of unilateral coercive measures in international relations, including economic measures, in violation of the Charter of the United Nations. In their statements the leaders of the Commonwealth countries have repeatedly noted the growing need to shape a just, multipolar world order that is free of double standards and founded on a balance of the forces and interests of all participants in international relations, one that assumes a greater role for developing States. Based on a transformation of the architecture of international relations, the CIS countries call for the enhancing of mutual trust at both the regional and global levels, the development of comprehensive, equal and mutually beneficial cooperation and shared, sustainable security that takes the legitimate interests of all States into account. To that end, the CIS is actively cooperating with organizations in the Eurasian space, including the CSTO, the Eurasian Economic Union and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. We attach great importance to this cooperation, and it is also the focus of the efforts of this year’s Russian presidency of the CIS. In our view, the meetings and events held between CIS representatives and United Nations bodies attest to the fact that there are further prospects for broadening our cooperation. We are committed to fostering mutually beneficial cooperation with the United Nations in order to strengthen international security on the humanitarian and economic fronts, as well as in other areas of significance on the international agenda, and in doing so to be guided by the Charter of the United Nations and the universally recognized norms and principles of international law.

I thank His Excellency Mr. Lebedev for his briefing. I shall now make a statement in my capacity as Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. It is a great honour for me to speak at one of the central events held under Russia’s presidency of the Security Council, the debate on the subject of cooperation with the regional and subregional organizations of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The development of cooperation with regional organizations on the basis of Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations is an integral part of our Organization’s agenda. It is also a priority of Russia’s foreign policy in relation to the United Nations. We believe that in most cases, these bodies are more familiar with situations on the ground and able to complement the efforts of the United Nations organically in their areas of responsibility and within their mandate. The CSTO, CIS and SCO play a special role in that regard in the Eurasian space. With observer status within the United Nations, they are key organizations for the region. Over the years their work has achieved significant results, including on issues related to strengthening integration processes, preventing conflicts and combating terrorism, and thereby also making a significant contribution to realizing the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. The CSTO’s core mandate is dealing with issues of security and stability in its area of responsibility. An outstanding example of its effectiveness in that regard was its conduct in January 2022 of a regional peacekeeping operation in Kazakhstan at the request of the country’s President. Systematic work is being done in the CSTO to enhance its defence potential and optimize and develop the components of the collective security system. It regularly holds joint training and practical exercises on combating international terrorism, illegal drug production and trafficking, organized crime and other cross-border challenges. We are making progress in fostering cooperation in the newer areas of biological and international information security. We are satisfied with the level of cooperation between the CSTO and the United Nations. We attach particular importance to strengthening coordination on regional issues with a focus on Afghanistan. We see good prospects for involving the CSTO in United Nations peacekeeping activities. The necessary legal framework for the CSTO’s participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations has already been established. There are positive trends in cooperation between the United Nations and the CSTO, and it is important that those trends and the practical results of that cooperation be reflected in the traditional resolution of the General Assembly on the issue. Another important task for the Russian Federation is to increase interaction between the CIS and the United Nations, and Russia is willing to facilitate that process during its CIS presidency this year. We are determined to work vigorously to that end. The CIS Executive Committee maintains contacts with the leadership of more than 10 United Nations agencies and bodies of various kinds, including UNESCO, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the Economic Commission for Europe, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the World Health Organization and the International Organization for Migration. We have signed memorandums of cooperation with many of them. That provides an opportunity to exchange views and experience on key issues on the global and regional agendas and to seek joint solutions to new challenges and threats. Last year, the CIS introduced observer and partner statuses, allowing countries and associations concerned to establish closer links with the organization. We call on the members of the Council to take note of those new mechanisms of interaction with the CIS, and we emphasize that the organization is open to fruitful cooperation on a wide range of issues. Within the CIS, we are implementing a number of comprehensive multilateral programmes with a view to strengthening security on external borders, combating terrorism and extremism and fighting organized crime. Moreover, we are finalizing a new deradicalization programme, designed to promote a consolidated policy in the region to suppress radical and extremist trends and build interfaith dialogue. There is close interaction between counterparts in the CIS and the United Nations. In particular, the CIS Anti-Terrorism Centre maintains contact with the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism, the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate and the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia. We are convinced that expanding depoliticized professional dialogue between the United Nations and the CIS will facilitate more effective work to address modern challenges and threats. The links between the SCO and the United Nations are also growing successfully. Today the organization brings together 26 member States, observers and partners. Its geographical scope extends from South and South-East Asia to the Middle East and Europe. On 3 and 4 July, Astana hosted the SCO summit. One of its more important outcomes was the accession of the Republic of Belarus to the Organization. The final declaration contains a statement to the effect that a more just and multipolar world order is emerging. To mark the eightieth anniversary of the United Nations, SCO member States endorsed the Initiative on World Unity for a Just Peace, Harmony and Development. The goal of the Initiative is to reject any policy of confrontation and establish honest and direct dialogue on issues related to ensuring stability and security, in order to counter traditional and new challenges and threats in strict compliance with the Charter of the United Nations. It is particularly important for us to have thematic contacts with United Nations bodies and agencies. For example, we emphasize the importance of joint anti-drug activities held in cooperation with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within the framework of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in Vienna, jointly organized by Russia. We support greater cooperation between the SCO Retional Anti-Terrorist Structure and the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism, which have signed a memorandum in that regard. Another ongoing priority for the SCO is combating the threats of terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking and transnational organized crime, especially those originating in Afghanistan. In order to resolve those challenges, the Astana summit approved the 2025–2027 programme of cooperation in combating terrorism, separatism and extremism and the 2024–2029 anti-drug strategy. We also believe that the cooperation between the SCO secretariat and ESCAP, UNESCO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Tourism Organization, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism is highly promising. That cooperation is based on memorandums of understanding. In February, another memorandum of understanding was signed in Nairobi between the SCO and the United Nations Environment Programme. We must acknowledge that not all regional actors maintained the same constructive attitude as the CSTO, CIS and SCO. Over the past decades, NATO and its members have promoted a concept of a world order and security architecture based on the principles of the domination of one power centre and the flouting of the legitimate concerns of other States. However, that concept has obviously failed completely. Against that background, it is clear that Eurasia needs a new security architecture to help to fill the conceptual, legal and institutional vacuum that is threatening the countries of the continent. That was the focus of the proposal by the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, made on 14 June, when he talked about a continent-wide, equal and indivisible system of security, allowing no room for zero-sum games or attempts to ensure one State’s security at the expense of others. That principle has assumed an international legal nature and is being successfully implemented within the CSTO, the CIS and the SCO. We believe that if it were to become universal, it could lead to huge improvements around the world and become a catalyst for positive shifts globally. We intend to deepen the broad dialogue with all potential participants in the future architecture, and we invite all States and organizations — in both Europe and Asia — interested in such a dialogue to join that important conversation. Our common goal is to formulate the principles for a framework of that Eurasian architecture based on the basic norms of international law and the Charter of the United Nations, as well as to define strategic outlines of a multilateralism that would reflect the new geopolitical reality. In that process it is crucial, in our opinion, to agree on three main issues: developing a system of agreements on mutual and collective security guarantees; settling conflicts in the continent; and excluding attempts by players outside the region to bring disruptive influences to bear on the situation in Eurasia. Individual States and associations of States would themselves determine areas of mutually beneficial cooperation, fine-tune existing institutions and create new ones, in addition to mechanisms and arrangements, with a view to meeting joint security interests and, as a result, building a continent-wide architecture. In the long run, that new, fairer and more balanced system could become a prototype for a new global security architecture. In conclusion, I would like to reaffirm the willingness of the CIS, the CSTO and the SCO to resolve emerging problems through political and diplomatic methods in compliance with the norms of international law, with the United Nations playing the main role. We are prepared to engage in constructive cooperation with all members of the international community, as enshrined in the foundational documents of our organizations. I resume my functions as President of the Council. I shall now give the floor to those members of the Council who wish to make statements.

I thank Ms. Spehar and the Secretaries-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Commonwealth of Independent States for their briefings. Regional cooperation organizations can make a decisive contribution to maintaining international peace and security. I am thinking in particular of the United Nations cooperation with the European Union (EU), the African Union and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Because they are closest to the ground, regional organizations are the first to witness crises. They have particular knowledge of the root causes and effective solutions to resolve and prevent them. That is the purpose of Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations, which should be the framework for any cooperation with regional organizations. As a member of the European Union, France is convinced of the added value of such cooperation. That conviction is reflected in measurable and verifiable actions. The European Union is collectively the largest financial contributor to the United Nations. It is the world’s largest donor of humanitarian aid. The EU member States are among the leading supporters of peacekeeping operations, with a total of 5,000 blue helmets deployed in the field. Russia, which proposed this meeting, cannot ignore the fact that cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations must be carried out with respect for the Charter of the United Nations. Russia has chosen the path of destabilization and disorder, although it presents itself as the guarantor of a certain stability. It should be remembered that it illegally occupies a part of Georgia and maintains a military contingent on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, against the wishes of the democratically elected Government of that country. For the past two years, it has been entirely focused on its war of aggression in Ukraine. It is increasing its violations of the Charter and jeopardizing our system of collective security. We call on Russia to stop those violations and to put an immediate end to its unjustified war against Ukraine. We call on the members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, many of whom are committed to international stability and security, to deliver this message. Regional organizations contribute to the response to the security, climate, health and technological challenges of our time, which can only be collective. I will mention just a few examples. We remain very concerned about the situation in Afghanistan, given the many violations of human rights by the Taliban and their systematic discrimination against women and girls. The countries of the region, most of which are members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, have an important role to play in reiterating the demands of the international community. The fight against terrorism and drug trafficking are also shared priorities, at a time when the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant-Khorasan is gaining strength and the threat from Al-Qaida remains. This fragile context makes cooperation among all players in the region  — States, regional and international organizations  — essential. Respect for human rights and the promotion of women in all aspects of public life are essential to lasting peace and security. That is why they must be at the heart of all United Nations cooperation with regional organizations. The work of regional organizations can also contribute to multilateral discussions on arms control and confidence-building. That is the case in the field of cybersecurity. Finally, the preservation of common goods is another shared priority. That applies to the management of water resources, which is a crucial issue, both in the Caucasus and in Central Asia. Together with the President of the World Bank Group, the United Nations and many other partners, France and Kazakhstan are preparing the first One Planet Summit on the issue of water — the One Water Summit.

I wish to start by thanking Assistant Secretary-General Spehar for her briefing today. I also thank the Secretaries- General and representatives of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for their contribution to today’s debate. This meeting is an opportunity for the Council to re-emphasize the fundamental role of regional action in maintaining international peace and security, as provided in Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations. The unique position of regional and subregional organizations complements the Security Council in effectively addressing the full spectrum of the conflicts. There is no real alternative to their in-depth understanding of the dynamics and background to regional and local hotspots, whether involving States or non-State actors. They also have a unique ability to act preventively and offer an excellent platform for cooperation and confidence-building, which can be an entry point into solving or alleviating the crisis. Slovenia recognizes the value added and the potential of cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations. In that regard, I would like to underscore the critical role that regional organizations have been playing in conflict prevention, the pacific settlement of regional or local disputes and the promotion of peace. For instance, information-sharing between the United Nations and regional organizations enhances early warning mechanisms, which, in turn, contributes to conflict prevention. Regional organizations enhance our collective capacity to prevent, address and resolve crises. However, such cooperation must be based, first and foremost, on the principles of international law and respect for human rights and must be in full accordance with the provisions of the Charter. As we discuss how to strengthen cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations — in particular with the CSTO, CIS and SCO  — we call on their member States to uphold the principles and obligations enshrined in the United Nations Charter. Advancing cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations is more vital than ever. The myriad threats to international peace and the complexity and scope of contemporary security challenges demand nothing less. It is up to us all, as members of such organizations, to ensure that their conduct is fully in line with international law, including the United Nations Charter.

At the outset, I would like to thank Assistant Secretary- General Spehar, as well as the Secretaries-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)  — respectively, Mr. Tasmagambetov, Mr. Lebedev and Mr. Zhang Ming — for their briefings. The contribution to peace and security provided by the cooperation of regional and subregional organizations has been demonstrated, not only in accordance with the provisions of Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations, but also its relation to Chapter VI, due to the importance of the peaceful settlement of disputes. These organizations, with their knowledge of local contexts and their capacity to respond effectively, become indispensable partners in conflict prevention, mediation and sustainable peacebuilding. The United Nations system has a variety of tools for peacebuilding, and the possibility of turning to regional and subregional organizations is one of the primary  — and perhaps still underutilized  — tools, due to the organizations’ capacity to contextualize reality and their ability to approach challenges from a more informed perspective. Hence the importance of the United Nations enhancing cooperation with regional and subregional organizations in the search for comprehensive solutions, including in the area of peace and security. As we have heard, the regional and subregional organizations that are with us today have bolstered cooperation with the United Nations in areas such as peacekeeping, combating terrorism and fighting drug trafficking, which is plausible. According to the briefers, the contribution of these organizations to transnational organized crime and the fight against terrorism in the Eurasian region can make a significant difference, as has also been shown by experiences in other regions. In the framework of the Security Council, in fact, we are witnessing the institutional dialogue established with the African Union, the European Union and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. One of the most pressing challenges facing humankind, as well as Ecuador, is transnational organized crime, which is why the issue was the subject of the presidential statement adopted by the Council in December 2023 (S/PRST/2023/6), during my country’s presidency of the Council, as a way of raising awareness and seeking effective and timely responses to combat this scourge. With regard to my region, I would like to refer to the situation of extreme insecurity in Haiti, which has exacerbated the economic crisis, access to food and the human rights situation, and to highlight the support of the Caribbean Community as a fundamental actor in advancing the consolidation of a political transition process and the fight against criminal gangs, as a first step towards achieving sustainable development and peace. Finally, the Organization of American States, which shares the principles of the United Nations, should also be commended for its support to multidimensional challenges, including traditional and new threats to assess, prevent, confront and counter as a benchmark for cooperation and capacity-building for member States in this hemisphere.

I thank you, Mr. President, for presiding over today’s debate. I thank Assistant Secretary-General Spehar, Secretary-General Zhang Ming, Secretary-General Tasmagambetov and Secretary-General Sergey Lebedev for their respective briefings. I welcome the presence of the representatives of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, India, Kyrgyzstan, Iran, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan at today’s meeting. The United Nations cooperation with regional and subregional organizations, under Chapter VIII of its Charter, in the area of peace and security serves to further strengthen the international collective security network for better maintenance of international peace and security. China applauds the positive results achieved in the cooperation between the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Commonwealth of Independent States over the years. We hope that the United Nations will continue to strengthen its dialogue, exchanges and cooperation with those three organizations and make even greater contributions to international peace and security. Against the current backdrop of a rapidly evolving international landscape, great strides in human civilizations are being accompanied by a significant increase in insecurity, instability and uncertainty. In the light of the new situation and emerging challenges, the SCO Astana summit held earlier this month adopted the Astana Declaration and other outcome documents, signalling the SCO’s resolve to take on its historical mission, collectively respond to risks and challenges and jointly promote security and development. We must practice true multilateralism under the guidance of the Charter of the United Nations and continue to promote dialogue and cooperation between the United Nations and the SCO to form a stronger synergy for the maintenance of international peace and the promotion of common development. First, it is imperative to jointly maintain the proper direction of global governance. The United Nations represents the banner of multilateralism and is at the core of the international system. Faced with the genuine threat of a cold war mentality and bloc confrontations, Secretary-General Guterres and SCO member States issued a strong call at the Astana summit to safeguard the standing and the role of the United Nations. China appreciates the SCO’s consistent efforts to uphold the Shanghai spirit, embrace important values such as building partnerships instead of alliances, the non-targeting of third parties, openness and inclusiveness, as well as the SCO’s commitment to upholding the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. The international community should heed the calls of SCO members, seize the opportunity presented by the Summit of the Future, strive towards greater equity and fairness in global governance, build a multipolar world in an equal and orderly fashion and promote universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization. Secondly, we must commit ourselves to jointly promoting regional security and stability. Terrorism, separatism and extremism are major threats to global security. China calls on the United Nations to work with the SCO to embrace a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, strengthen dialogue and cooperation on counter- terrorism, narcotics control and combating transnational organized crime, and assist countries of the region in information-sharing, joint operations and building the capacity of their security and law enforcement sectors. Afghanistan is an important neighbour of the SCO. We support the SCO and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan working together to promote the international community’s engagement and dialogue with the interim Afghan Government; help Afghanistan stay away from terrorism, war and narcotics; and achieve lasting peace and stability in the country. Thirdly, it is imperative to jointly promote regional development and prosperity. China appreciates the SCO’s efforts in implementing the goals of the United Nations agenda relating to economic and social development, contributing to cooperation among countries in the region in areas such as facilitating trade, infrastructure connectivity, agriculture, poverty reduction and green development. We should support the SCO in scaling up its exchanges and cooperation with relevant United Nations entities. The year 2025 has been declared the SCO Year of Sustainable Development. Using that as an opportunity, we should help countries in the region overcome their development challenges. In particular, we should leverage the digital transformation to effectively implement General Assembly resolution 78/311 on enhancing international cooperation on capacity-building of artificial intelligence with a view to building a stronger momentum for the realization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the common development of countries in the region. At the Astana summit, President Xi Jinping called on SCO member States to uphold the bedrock of security, safeguard the right to development, consolidate efforts to promote unity and build a common home of solidarity and mutual trust, peace and tranquillity, prosperity and development, good neighbourliness and friendship, as well as fairness and justice. As a founding member and a rotating President of the SCO, China remains committed to supporting, together with the international community, strengthened dialogue and cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations, such as the SCO, and making unremitting efforts to promote world peace and development and building a community with a shared future for humankind.

I also thank Assistant Secretary-General Spehar and the Secretary-General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Secretary-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and the Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) for their remarks. Malta remains firm in its belief that regional and subregional organizations have a crucial role to play in the maintenance of peace and security through their extensive understanding of their region and their ability to foster dialogue and cooperation. They are an integral part of the global multilateral architecture and can help address complex contemporary challenges in a holistic manner. To that end, Malta will continue to advocate for close cooperation between them and the United Nations. Regrettably, some of the regional organizations that are the subject of the debate today have emphasized policies and positions that are inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations. The armed forces of the Russian Federation form the core of the CSTO. Their role in the aggression against Ukraine, with all the atrocities reported on a daily basis, has undoubtedly stigmatized the organization, hampered its credibility and created an obstacle for its cooperation with the United Nations. That is unfortunate. If used to their full potential, regional and subregional organizations have a key role to play in combating organized crime and in addressing terrorism and violent extremism. In that context, we also underline that fact that measures taken by Member States or regional organizations to combat terrorism must fully respect obligations under international law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law. Conflating terrorism with non-violent political dissent undermines human rights and fundamental freedoms and global counter-terrorism efforts. In conclusion, Malta encourages the United Nations to engage with regional and subregional organizations to promote the rule of law and the rights and well-being of all individuals. Those include marginalized groups in vulnerable situations such as women, young persons, LGBTQI+ individuals, religious and ethnic minorities, and persons with disabilities. All voices need to be heard and included to ensure sustained and inclusive peace and respect human rights and fundamental freedoms.

I thank the briefers for their briefings. Today the world faces severe challenges, including the devastating conflict in Gaza, Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, and numerous violations of international law, such as North Korea’s breach of Security Council resolutions. Those crises gravely affect international peace and security. The United Nations is central to multilateralism, but the United Nations alone cannot address all international challenges. In that regard, cooperation with regional organizations is essential, as far as they play a crucial and complementary role in supporting the Security Council in fulfilling its primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. Today’s crises are often interconnected, and incidents in one region having global impacts. Therefore, the United Nations, especially the Security Council, must collaborate with regional organizations to tackle common challenges, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations. That has always been Japan’s consistent stance. It is more important than ever to cooperate and collaborate with Eurasian countries by maintaining and strengthening a free and open international order based on the rule of law, with the Charter of the United Nations at its core. Today we received briefings from the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, of which most of the member States are located in Eurasia. It goes without saying that the activities of those organizations have an impact on security and stability in Eurasia and beyond and that their actions must align with the Charter of the United Nations. That is a corollary of the obvious fact that, when working with the United Nations, all Member States must uphold the purposes and principles of the Charter. Such cooperation should not support or encourage any violation of international law, either directly or indirectly. Any deviation from that principle would be unthinkable. However, it is also an undeniable fact that Russia, which played a leading role in establishing those organizations, has been ignoring the Charter of the United Nations by pursuing its aggression against Ukraine. Such flagrant violation of international law has been not only undermining security in the region, but also threatening the very foundation of the international community. Above all, Russia must immediately cease its aggression against Ukraine. Failing that, any discussion on the enhancement of Eurasian security is hollow and no more than a tragic irony. We once again condemn Russia’s aggression in the strongest terms and call for an immediate withdrawal. Japan is ready to work with all Member States and regional organizations to achieve our shared goals. By acting in a spirit of solidarity and in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, we can build trust and promote dialogue, thereby making a significant difference. Looking ahead to the Summit of the Future, we must strive to overcome divisions and differences, aiming for a world in which human dignity is respected and vulnerable people, including women and children, can live safely and securely and not be left behind.

I thank the Russian Federation’s presidency of the Security Council for convening this important debate. Strengthening cooperation between regional arrangements with the United Nations, and in particular the Security Council, is a strong pillar of the Charter of the United Nations in the establishment of a collective security system. I also thank Ms. Elizabeth Spehar, Assistant Secretary- General for Peacebuilding Support of the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, His Excellency Mr. Zhang Ming, Secretary-General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), His Excellency Mr. Imangali Tasmagambetov, Secretary-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), and His Excellency Mr. Sergey Lebedev, Secretary- General of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), for their valuable briefings. Sierra Leone notes the Secretary-General’s biennial report on cooperation between the United Nations and regional and other organizations (S/2022/606), which underscored the strengthening of cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional bodies, such as the CSTO, SCO and CIS. Former Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon once stated that in an era of increasingly complex and urgent global crises, with conflicts continuing to emerge and deepen worldwide, the United Nations cannot deal with such crises on its own, especially when multilateralism faces immense difficulties in holistically addressing emerging disputes. Such entities as the African Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the League of Arab States, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe can complement United Nations efforts in their respective areas of responsibility and their mandates. In most cases, they are better acquainted with the situation on the ground and can therefore play a role in supporting United Nations efforts to address peace, security and development challenges. In the face of various global challenges and challenges faced directly by States, including terrorism, radicalization, organized crime and the security implications of new technologies, a deliberate promotion of coordinated and concerted multilateral action is inevitable, even more so given the transborder impact of those challenges. Given their comparative advantage of geographical proximity and strong local networks, regional and subregional organizations are well placed to understand the root causes of conflict in their respective areas and to complement the efforts of the United Nations to address these challenges. Sierra Leone also recalls that Secretary-General António Guterres informed the Security Council that collaboration between regional and subregional organizations and the United Nations had grown exponentially. The Council should thus take advantage of that dynamic to address the raft of challenges facing Member States. By working closely together, those organizations can contribute to strengthening the United Nations and promoting its goals in many diverse ways, including but not limited to the following: supporting United Nations peacekeeping efforts, sharing resources and enhancing security cooperation; collaborating with the United Nations on counter-terrorism initiatives; sharing intelligence and coordinating efforts to combat terrorism; providing early warning mechanisms and mediation; supporting United Nations development programmes, promoting economic cooperation and working to achieve development goals; providing training and capacity-building programmes for Member States, enhancing their ability to implement United Nations resolutions and programmes; providing humanitarian aid and support for United Nations disaster response and relief efforts; and finally, helping to resolve conflicts and promoting their peaceful resolution, in line with United Nations principles. In fulfilling the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, those organizations can integrate the development frameworks and initiatives of the United Nations into their own development plans, while also narrowing political, economic and cultural gaps between themselves. In that regard, we take note of the Joint Declaration on Cooperation between the Secretariats of the United Nations and of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, signed in Moscow in 2010. We commend the United Nations and the CSTO for their steady progress and positive dynamics in strengthening relations. We also commend the CSTO for its positive impacts on the maintenance of regional peace and the CSTO Working Group on Afghanistan for its contribution to countering threats emanating from Afghanistan. We also note the memorandum of understanding signed between the CSTO and the United Nations, which provides for long-term cooperation in the area of peacekeeping, and we look forward to the CSTO developing its own peacekeeping capacity, with a view to using that capacity in United Nations peacekeeping operations. We note the broad mandate of the CIS, which allows it to address security challenges from various perspectives, including the military, socioeconomic, cultural and humanitarian perspectives, and look forward to the new deradicalization programme that is currently under development. We welcome the implementation of a number of ongoing multilateral programmes to strengthen border security at external borders, combating terrorism, extremism and crime. Sierra Leone acknowledges efforts to strengthen strategic cooperation and coordination among the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations that can play an important role in conflict prevention. In that regard, we encourage consideration of the need to continue to enhance capacity-building for regional and subregional organizations in conflict prevention, crisis management, post-conflict stabilization and sustaining peace, including through the provision of human, technical and financial assistance as appropriate. Sierra Leone also encourages the United Nations Secretariat and the regional bodies to further explore, as appropriate, information-sharing on their respective capabilities, best practices and lessons learned in maintaining international peace and security and to continue compiling best practices, in particular in the field of mediation, good offices and peacekeeping. The enduring exercise between the CSTO member States since 2012 to develop skills in conducting peacekeeping operations is a laudable initiative. Additionally, we welcome the CIS declaration of readiness to cooperate with the United Nations by deepening and intensifying existing contacts and establishing new areas of collaboration in order to promote international peace and security, inter-ethnic harmony, the protection of human rights and economic and social progress. In conclusion, cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations is necessary to addressing a variety of transnational challenges. However, that cooperation must be firmly based on the multilateral order, with the United Nations at the centre, and on the principles of respect for the international rule of law and cooperation. We believe that good governance, the rule of law, gender equality, respect for human rights and the fostering of democratic institutions are essential to maintaining peace, security and prosperity. Sierra Leone will continue to support enhanced cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations to support our shared values, purposes and principles with a view to maintaining international peace and security for all.

I wish to start by commending the Russian presidency for convening this debate on the cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations  — the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). I also thank the briefers — Ms. Elizabeth Spehar, Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support in the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Mr. Imangali Tasmagambetov, Secretary-General of the CSTO, Mr. Sergey Lebedev, Secretary-General of the CIS and Mr. Zhang Ming, Secretary-General of the SCO — for their insightful briefings. The main purpose of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and security. The United Nations has also recognized the critical role of regional arrangements or agencies on matters pertaining to the maintenance of international peace and security. As per Article 52, paragraph 1, of the Charter of the United Nations, “Nothing ... precludes the existence of regional arrangements or agencies”  — meaning, the regional and subregional organizations  — “for dealing with such matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action provided that such arrangements or agencies and their activities are consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.” In that regard, we believe that the cooperation between the United Nations and the CSTO, the CIS and the SCO is a platform which adds value to our collective and concerted efforts toward promoting peace and security. We are also of the view that those organizations have a deeper knowledge of the security issues and challenges in their respective regions, making them more capable of gaining the trust and confidence of national and regional actors. Mozambique welcomes the cooperation between the United Nations and the CSTO, the CIS and the SCO, which is supported by the membership of those regional and subregional organizations. We welcome cooperation in which, within the purposes and principles of the United Nations, those organizations are able to pursue and achieve their objectives. Those objectives include, for instance, in the case of the CSTO, focusing on countering terrorism and combating drug trafficking and organized crime, among other areas; in the case of the CIS, addressing security and socioeconomic, cultural and humanitarian challenges, including border security, terrorism, extremism, drug trafficking and crime; and in the case of the SCO, tackling regional challenges such as conflict resolution, counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, transnational crime, illegal drugs and information security. We trust that, through the cooperation with the United Nations, there is immense potential to further strengthen those three Eurasian organizations’ capabilities to tackle current challenges in their regions. That cooperation is very important at the current moment, as terrorist groups and criminal organizations continue to pose serious threats in Central Asia. The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia have been playing a critical role by harnessing collaborative efforts with regional organizations. We would also like to highlight the importance of capacity-building initiatives. Training programmes and technical assistance can strengthen the capacity of the aforementioned Eurasian organizations to address pressing, complex security threats and crises in their respective regions. Additionally, the alignment of norms and standards across regional and international frameworks must be duly promoted. That ensures consistency in approaches to peacebuilding, human rights protection and the upholding of global standards. In conclusion, Mozambique fully supports further strengthening the cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations, in the face of the current challenging international environment. It is through collective efforts and shared responsibility that we can build a more peaceful and secure world.

I thank Assistant Secretary-General Spehar, and the Secretaries-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for their briefings. Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations sets out the imperative of collaboration with regional organizations, as it is accepted that peace, development and security cannot be achieved in silos. Cooperation between organizations at the national, regional and international levels is particularly critical in our rapidly changing and complex global environment. The transborder nature of security challenges, including terrorism, cyberattacks and security threats posed by climate change, makes such cooperation imperative. We must therefore seek out opportunities for collaboration in pursuit of our common objectives of achieving peace and security, development and a strong human rights culture. Allow me to make two points on the impact of cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations in maintaining peace and security. First, the CSTO, the CIS and the SCO, within their respective mandates and areas of cooperation, have the advantage of a first-hand understanding of the political, economic and social underpinnings of the conflicts and the threats to peace within their region. They should, therefore, be well placed to support countries within the region in developing and implementing conflict prevention and early warning strategies tailored to their situations and with due attention to sovereignty. Further, the relevant programmes and policies must be crafted in line with the Charter of the United Nations and applicable international law. Collaboration with the United Nations will bolster global conflict prevention efforts and bring global legitimacy to them. Guyana therefore notes the continued collaboration between the United Nations and the CSTO, CIS and Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The partnerships with those organizations and the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia (UNRCCA), the Counter-Terrorism Committee and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime are especially critical for promoting peace, security and stability in the region. Secondly, and specifically on the situation in Afghanistan, we note that the threats emanating from the country are still a major concern despite the ongoing efforts of regional organizations and the international community. Afghanistan continues to contend with multifaceted challenges, including security challenges resulting from terrorism, illegal migration and drug trafficking. Guyana is of the view that increased support for political dialogue among all actors in Afghanistan, including women and youth, as well as for capacity- building in security institutions is a crucial step in effectively addressing those challenges. At the regional and international levels, we encourage continued cooperation between the UNRCCA, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and the CSTO, CIS and SCO. Such collaboration can promote security and stability in Afghanistan, which are important conditions for development and economic growth to thrive. Guyana therefore underscores the importance of international commitments and efforts to that end. As the world faces evolving threats, partnerships built to address them must be effectively strengthened. A holistic approach, in which peace, human security and development are at the forefront of national, regional and international efforts, is essential. Strong partnerships between the United Nations and regional organizations present an opportunity to truly operationalize the humanitarian-development-peace nexus on the ground and dismantle any silos that exist. As the number of emergencies increases and, concomitantly, so do humanitarian needs, we must ensure that while we address those immediate needs, we also address the root causes of conflict. In that regard, investment in development must be scaled up, as it is the vector for promoting peace and preventing conflicts. It is also important to ensure an enhanced role for youth in conflict prevention and deradicalization efforts. Finally, cooperation among States, through regional and subregional organizations, and with the United Nations, remains relevant for finding common solutions and promoting dialogue for the maintenance of international peace and security. Guyana reiterates its support for all such efforts. Dame Barbara Woodward (United Kingdom): I would like to thank Assistant Secretary-General Spehar and the representatives of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization for their briefings. I will make three points. First, the United Kingdom supports regional organizations playing a role in upholding peace and security in their regions. That includes regional peacekeeping partnerships that reflect the common values and principles of the United Nations, including respect for human rights. For example, the European Union’s Operation Althea and the operation of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in Bosnia have helped to facilitate the implementation of the Dayton Peace Agreement. The OSCE is undertaking important work on a wide array of security issues in Central Asia and the South Caucasus. Secondly, to carry out that role effectively, regional organizations need to be responsive to the needs of their members and to act in line with the Charter of the United Nations. To the extent that those organizations are willing to do that, they can play a constructive role in their regions. All States have a sovereign right to choose their own security partnerships, including military alliances. Participation cannot be coerced. Collective security does not mean a sphere of influence, and cooperation does not require subjugation of sovereignty. Russia’s aggression against Georgia in 2008 and against Ukraine in 2014 and 2022 undermines the role of regional organizations in the neighbourhood, in particular the CSTO. Georgia and Ukraine withdrew from the CIS owing to those violations of their sovereignty. Thirdly, the United Kingdom warmly welcomes the Central Asian region’s strong engagement with the United Nations, underlined by the Secretary-General’s regional tour this month, and the work of United Nations bodies such as the United Nations Development Programme and the Office of Counter-Terrorism in the region. We look forward to next week’s consultations on the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia, which makes a valuable contribution to security in the region, including with respect to counter-terrorism, and women and peace and security. The United Kingdom also values its own relations with the Central Asian States. Earlier this year, we launched a regional climate programme that will help to improve Central Asia’s climate resilience by strengthening regional cooperation on water and energy, and we look forward to the twenty-ninth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 29) in Azerbaijan. There are no binary choices in partnerships. The United Kingdom is ready to work with regional partners across the globe to build stability and security, promote growth and tackle global challenges.

Let me begin with the news coming out of Russia this morning. Evan Gershkovich was sentenced to 16 years. He has committed no crime. He is being punished because he is a journalist and he is an American — it is as simple as that. Today, as I sit here, I am thinking about Evan, and I am thinking about his family, whom I have had the honour of getting to know over the past harrowing year. And I am committed to continuing to work to get their son, and their brother, home. The United States strongly supports the work of regional organizations and welcomes cooperation between those entities and the United Nations to advance the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations. We take pride in our robust partnerships with regional organizations around the world, including in Central Asia  — partnerships that support countries’ independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and their freedom to pursue political, economic and security interests on their own terms, without external coercion. The C5+1 — the five Central Asian nations and the United States — diplomatic platform reflects our steadfast commitment to advancing our shared goals and combating global challenges. To be clear, that support for Central Asian countries’ integrity does not negate our belief that they should be able to engage with larger neighbours in the region. The United States believes that every country has the sovereign right to choose its security relationships and to engage in collective self-defence, as reflected in the Charter of the United Nations. For decades, those cooperative partnerships have been essential to maintaining global peace and stability. Indeed, our own security alliance with NATO remains a cornerstone of our national security and a vital platform for global cooperation. It embodies our collective defence commitments and our shared values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law. Of course, for Russia, NATO is merely a scapegoat, as we all heard today — a place to lay the blame for its own egregious violations of international law, a convenient rationale for threatening the very existence of a sovereign State and a fellow Member of the United Nations, and some sort of justification for the notion that Russia has the right to impose its will by force on Ukraine and dictate sovereign Ukraine’s security decisions. That is, of course, preposterous. In fact, it would be insulting if it were not so laughably incorrect. We have the responsibility to hold ourselves to a higher standard. That means calling out regional organizations  — including some of the regional organizations mentioned today  — that adopt policies and positions inconsistent with the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. Let us call such policies what they are: transparent attempts to lend false legitimacy to Russia’s brutal war of aggression and deflect blame for Russia’s atrocities against the people of Ukraine. When these organizations, in this context, parrot slogans like “indivisible security” or promote the “legitimate security concerns” of the same large Powers that loom over them, it is akin to saying that said Powers can impose their will over their neighbours. The United Nations was designed to prevent this kind of thing from happening, to ensure that no nation could take over another by force and to help Governments answer to the will of their people, not the whims of their larger neighbours. On that note, the United States takes real issue with regional organizations cynically promoting concepts such as “dialogue among civilizations” or “civilizational diversity” in an attempt to justify restrictions on the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including those enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. I think about the member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) that have prosecuted individuals for speaking out about the importance of regional political autonomy, that have forcibly repatriated asylum seekers fleeing repression in other SCO member States and that, under the guise of combating “terrorism, separatism and extremism”, have repressed peaceful dissenters and members of ethnic and religious minority groups, including through discriminatory police action and unjust detentions and prosecutions. Those actions are unconscionable, and they are completely antithetical to the principles of justice and human rights that we have all committed to uphold. To that end, we welcome the continued engagement of the United Nations with regional and civil society organizations working to advance the purposes and principles of the Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Their contributions are indispensable to our collective efforts to build a more just, prosperous and peaceful world. When large Powers use regional multilateral organizations to try to legitimize their unlawful and destabilizing actions, it speaks volumes, not only about those large Powers, but also about those organizations, and their true character. Ultimately, the United Nations is in the business of peace and security. Cooperation therefore is not a blank check for malign, dangerous, and abusive behaviour. It should be reserved for regional organizations upholding member States’ obligations under international law and the United Nations Charter. We must therefore continue to call out individuals and collectives acting in violation of the Charter that we all agreed to uphold, and we must continue to act in a manner consistent with international law, a manner worthy of true, meaningful cooperation.

At the outset, I would like to thank Ms. Elizabeth Spehar, Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support, and the Secretaries-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for their briefings. Cooperation with regional organization, under Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations, is a key element of international relations, and we fully support it. And the maintenance of international peace and security is at the heart of the United Nations Charter. Full adherence to the principles of the Charter is therefore the common basis for all cooperation and the source of mutual trust, an essential element in our bilateral and multilateral relations. It is therefore regrettable that one of the founding members of the organizations we are discussing today, Russia, is violating the Charter and international law through its aggression against Ukraine. Fundamental respect for the Charter is essential to ensure effective collaboration between the United Nations and regional organizations, whether based in Africa, Asia, Europe or elsewhere. The CSTO, CIS and SCO, founded in the wake of the great historic turning points of our generation, are important partners that must continue to follow those principles. In view of today’s challenges, we urge joint action. One example is climate change, which exacerbates security risks and regional stability. Transboundary water management, for instance, is becoming increasingly important, especially for Central Asian States. The United Nations is already committed to preventing water-related conflicts, notably through its regional centre. Switzerland is active in that field. One example is the Geneva Water Hub, which contributes to peace and sustainable development in the region. It is also crucial to ensure good communication between the United Nations and the various regional organizations. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) remains an indispensable partner for the United Nations and the Council as a platform for inclusive dialogue. The OSCE’s strength lies in its holistic approach to security. Particularly in these tense times, the Helsinki Final Act, the foundation of the OSCE, must remain our benchmark for the architecture of common peace and security in Europe. The basis for United Nations cooperation with the OSCE could serve as an example for cooperation with other regional organizations. Finally, exchanges on various topics with countries of the region are important. Switzerland welcomes the substantial exchanges on geopolitical, economic and financial issues made possible by the meeting of the voting group within the Bretton Woods institutions in Dushanbe earlier this month — attended by our Minister of Finance and Minister for Foreign Affairs. Our ministers’ recent visits to Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan illustrates the importance of close cooperation with this region, which continues to strengthen and develop. For the United Nations and the Council, regional organizations are essential partners. The Summit of the Future and the New Agenda for Peace will have to strengthen these partnerships so that they can more effectively face future challenges together in an inclusive manner and with full respect for human rights, placing the women and peace and security and youth, peace and security agendas at the heart of our shared commitments. Compliance with the Charter and international law must serve as our guide at all times and in all circumstances.

We thank the Secretaries-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization  — respectively, Mr. Tasmagambetov, Mr. Lebedev and Mr. Zhang Ming — for their briefings, of which we took careful note. My appreciation also goes to Assistant Secretary-General Spehar for her remarks and the work of the Peacebuilding Support Office. While the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security lies with the Council, we sympathize with the assessment in the New Agenda for Peace that the increasing transnational threats of today call for robust regional frameworks and organizations that promote trust- building, transparency and détente. In that connection, we would like to share the following three points. First, Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations remains our main guidance in pursuing cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations. In that regard, we recall that Article 52, paragraph 1, which presumes that the regional arrangements or agencies and their activities relating to the maintenance of international peace and security are consistent with the purposes and principles of the United Nations. The efforts by regional organizations to align their relevant initiatives with the principles of sovereign equality, territorial integrity and political independence, and the promotion of human rights should be encouraged. The Security Council could also explore further utilization of Article 54 to ensure more faithful and systematic implementation of Chapter VIII. Secondly, emerging and evolving transboundary threats, including cyberthreats and climate change, require imminent attention and a redoubling of efforts by both the United Nations and regional organizations. In countering cyber-related risks, regional and subregional organizations can play important and complementary roles in implementing the framework of the responsible State behaviour in the use of information and communications technologies. That is especially relevant with regard to the exchange of information, confidence-building and capacity- building. Likewise, addressing the interlinkages of climate change and peace and security greatly benefits from a regional and context-specific approach. That should be based on a comprehensive risk assessment of how climate change interacts with other vulnerabilities, such as terrorism and socioeconomic grievances, as well as a shared understanding that climate change poses common challenges to the region’s peace and security. In that connection, we commend the pioneering efforts of some regional and subregional organizations such as the African Union, the Pacific Islands Forum and the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia and invite others to join those collective efforts. Thirdly, for its part, the Republic of Korea will continue to support peace and security in Eurasia through diverse channels, including its close ties with countries in the region, its participation in the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia and through the framework of Asian Partners for Cooperation with the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. We take this opportunity to commend the Central Asian countries’ efforts to promote regional peace and stability in cooperation with the United Nations. Their initiative to establish the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia has significantly contributed to preventive diplomacy and peacebuilding in the region over the past 17 years. In the light of the close interlinkages between the region’s peace and security and sustainable development, we plan to expand future-oriented official development assistance to Central Asian countries in areas such as energy, infrastructure, health care, education and digital capacity. We also note that Afghanistan’s reintegration into the international community, while being at peace with itself and its neighbours and meeting international obligations, is critical for the region’s peace and stability. The Republic of Korea will continue to play a constructive role in ongoing discussions under the auspices of the United Nations in that connection. As my delegation stated during the open debate on multilateralism and world order on Tuesday (see S/PV.9686), we envision the smooth continuum of multilateralism in every corner of the world without any vacuums. Regional arrangements that uphold the Charter of the United Nations will serve as critical components of that networked multilateralism.

At the outset, I would like to extend my gratitude to all the briefers for their insightful remarks. Algeria acknowledges that maintaining international peace and security is a complex task, requiring collaboration at multiple levels. We firmly believe that cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations is crucial in addressing the diverse challenges faced by the international community. In that regard, Algeria recognizes that the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Commonwealth of Independent States possess unique insights into regional dynamics and security challenges within their areas of operation. That knowledge can help the United Nations to enhance the effectiveness of its peacekeeping and conflict resolution initiatives. Algeria considers the cooperation frameworks that exist between regional organizations and the United Nations bodies, especially the Security Council, to be of paramount importance. We believe that those organizations can enhance the United Nations effectiveness in maintaining peace and security through several means: by providing crucial insights, responding swiftly to crises, facilitating dialogue between Member States, and fostering greater understanding of and cooperation on regional and global issues. On the other hand, we emphasize the importance of increasing the potential of regional organizations to complement United Nations efforts. That can be achieved by involving regional organizations more deeply in the United Nations strategic planning process, particularly in areas related to conflict prevention and resolution. Additionally, enhanced information-sharing between the United Nations and the regional organizations would bolster situational awareness and decision-making capabilities. Building upon the valuable work already undertaken, we believe there is room for new areas of cooperation to emerge in the future. First, regional organizations can further work with the United Nations to strengthen economic ties between countries and promote sustainable development as a foundation for long-term peace and security. Secondly, as digital threats become more prevalent, regional organizations can work with the United Nations to develop a coordinated response to cyberattacks and combat the spread of misinformation which threaten peace and security. In conclusion, Algeria believes that by fostering closer ties between regional organizations and the United Nations, we can create a more adaptive, responsive and effective global security architecture.

Before giving the floor to those representatives invited in accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I would like to make some remarks in my national capacity. We regret that a number of delegations have used today’s meeting to express once again their unsubstantiated fabrications about Russia rather than sticking to the agenda of the meeting. I believe that this is disrespectful to regional organizations and their members. Nonetheless, it in no way will disrupt the developing cooperation in Eurasia. We have repeatedly demonstrated our attitude towards the prospects of that cooperation. What our colleague from the United States said with regard to what regional organizations should not be was ridiculous. Her stories about coercion and interference in the internal affairs of States outside the region is more ideally suited to NATO. I resume my functions as President of the Security Council. I now give the floor to the representative of Belarus.

We would like to thank the Russian Federation for holding this timely meeting today. We welcome the participation in this meeting of the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support of the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs and the Secretaries-General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Given the imbalance in the international security system, the dismantling of economic ties and the crisis of trust, it is of utmost importance that States combine their efforts in responding to common challenges and threats. We are convinced that the interaction between the United Nations and regional organizations is one of the most important elements of the Organization’s work. Speaking at one of the conferences on regional cooperation, Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres noted that ties and relations played a central role in trade, economic growth and sustainable development. He also said that he was referring not only to economic ties, but that such ties also strengthened regional cooperation and fostered neighbourly relations. With the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the rapid collapse of long-standing trade and economic relations and the breakdown of historical, educational, scientific, cultural and even spiritual ties, the new young States and their peoples had to learn how to live anew, and Belarus was no exception to that. Here, I would like to point out the important role played by the Commonwealth of Independent States in coordinating the integration activities of States in the post-Soviet sphere in a variety of areas, ranging from human rights to defence policy. Despite some criticism of the CIS, the organization managed to perform one of its main tasks, namely, to mitigate the process of the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the negative consequences thereof for the countries of the region. It became a central organization in the region of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as a universal platform for dialogue between States and an instrument for maintaining human contacts. We are convinced that the organization managed to fulfil its historic role. Today the CIS is performing the function of ensuring effective interaction in all multilateral and bilateral formats, both within the region and beyond, such as the Union State of Russia and Belarus, the Eurasian Economic Union, the SCO and the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa group. Two weeks ago at the SCO Summit, the Secretary- General stated that “regional organizations play a crucial role in promoting and maintaining peace in various parts of the world. Their expertise, rapid response capabilities and established frameworks for cooperation make them indispensable in preventing conflicts and building peace”. One such organization is the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the key goals of which are to ensure national and collective security, coordinate foreign policy positions on international and regional security issues, strengthen cooperation mechanisms to deal with contemporary challenges and threats, such as international terrorism, drug trafficking, illegal migration, international organized crime, information security, cybersecurity and military and technical cooperation. On several occasions, Minsk has been the platform for negotiations on a peaceful settlement, inviting all countries and international organizations  — without exception  — to participate. During the Belarusian presidency of the CSTO, Belarus put forward the initiative to develop the Eurasian Charter for Diversity and Multipolarity in the Twenty-first Century, with the aim of formulating the main parameters and principles for the functioning of the security architecture in the Eurasian region. We are convinced that the study of that initiative will continue during the second Minsk international conference on Eurasian security, which will be held on 31 October and 1 November. My country stands ready to use its broad experience of diplomacy and peacebuilding in addressing regional security issues. On 4 July, my country became a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the largest regional organization in the world, encompassing a total territory of more than 35 million square kilometres and a population of more than 3.5 billion people. We are proud and happy that, together with the member countries of the SCO, which today are drivers of the world economy and hubs for investment and technology, we too are ready to consistently implement the priorities set out in the organization’s statutory documents. As was underscored by President Alexander Lukashenko, our country’s joining the SCO opens up strategic prospects in the areas of economy, investment, transit, information and communications technology, security and combating organized crime, for both Minsk and the entire Eurasian region. Equally important is the interaction among peoples in the areas of culture, science, education, sport and tourism, promoting a long-term and, what is most important, irreversible policy through interpersonal contacts. As a member of the Eurasian Economic Union and the SCO, as we consistently promote the concept of “integration of integrations”, we will continue to do everything we can to broaden the corridors of international cooperation.

I now give the floor to the representative of Kazakhstan.

We commend the Russian presidency for convening this timely debate on fostering stronger collaboration between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations. The world is on a tightrope. Geopolitical tensions are higher than ever, and the fragile peace we have known is at risk. This crumbling international security system could have devastating consequences for everyone. This year, Kazakhstan is the president of numerous regional and subregional organizations, including the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Organization of Turkic States and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia. As we navigate this crucial period, we have always proceeded from the premise that only collaboration at the regional and global levels provides a viable opportunity to build a more peaceful, stable and secure future. Strengthening the capacity of the United Nations to effectively confront twenty-first century threats is our shared mission, solidifying the Organization’s position as the world’s main security institution. In that regard, during the meeting of the SCO Plus on 4 July 2024 in Astana, attended by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kazakhstan proposed the adoption of a General Assembly resolution in support of the SCO Initiative on World Unity for a Just Peace, Harmony and Development. The SCO’s economic development strategy action plan, adopted at the SCO Astana summit, aligns well with the key Sustainable Development Goals. That, combined with United Nations engagement with regional bodies, gives a significant impetus to translate those goals into action. Leveraging our combined efforts offers a solid path to sustainable and inclusive progress. As the world’s largest regional organization, the SCO is well suited to be a champion of peace and security. For the CSTO, cooperation with the United Nations is one of the main objectives. The primary goal of the Kazakh presidency of the CSTO primary goal is to maintain established cooperation with the United Nations and its structures on the basis of the Joint Declaration on Cooperation between the Secretariats of the United Nations and of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, of 18 March 2010. Kazakhstan will also focus its efforts on developing cooperation between the CSTO and other interested countries and international organizations operating in the field of security, and on countering traditional and new challenges and threats. In addition, Kazakhstan actively supports the development of much-needed and mutually beneficial cooperation in the format of the Commonwealth of Independent States, which is a unique and universal platform for dialogue. In general, our region, along with regions worldwide, has significant economic potential to serve as an essential factor in fostering global prosperity. We believe that peace and security cannot be ensured without sustainable development. In that regard, we believe that the Secretary-General’s proposal to convene the Summit of the Future in September will be a crucial factor in charting the course ahead. Kazakhstan wholeheartedly supports the Secretary- General’s call for the more active involvement of all relevant stakeholders and stands ready to participate in the discussion process.

I now give the floor to the representative of Turkmenistan.

Allow me to express my gratitude to the Russian Federation, as President of the Security Council, and personally to His Excellency Mr. Sergey Vershinin, for convening today’s open debate. I would like to also express our gratitude to the Secretaries-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Mr. Tasmagambetov, Mr. Lebedev and Mr. Zhang Ming for their informative briefings on the work of these regional organizations. Joint efforts with regional structures allow the United Nations to more effectively use its resources, carry out tasks that countries are unable to tackle alone and achieve more rapid and sustainable results. We believe that the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy in Central Asia could play an important role as a link connecting the United Nations and regional organizations. It can also play a key role in resolving urgent issues related to strengthening international security. Turkmenistan is an active participant in the work of the Commonwealth of Independent States, in line with its neutral status, which has been recognized by the United Nations. Our proposals, which have been set out under the umbrella of the Commonwealth, are fully in line with the initiatives that Turkmenistan has promoted within the United Nations. They pertain, first and foremost, to issues of peace and security and sustainable development. Our country actively cooperates with States members of the CIS by promoting economic cooperation, energy diversification and transport, within the framework of the north-south and east- west corridors, and by expanding logistical capacities. Turkmenistan is also developing humanitarian ties with the CIS and sharing experience in such areas as science, education, tourism, sport and culture. As far as the SCO is concerned, Turkmenistan considers the organization to be an important and promising partner. Cooperation with the SCO is in our national interests, has a meaningful and positive impact on regional processes and contributes to stabilizing the international situation. The peoples and States that are members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization or those who work with it share deep historic ties with our country. They also share close geographical proximity, common values and a world view. We also have a mutual interest in economics, trade, investment and technology. Cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations can take different forms, including joint peacekeeping operations, the exchange of information, capacity-building and coordinated diplomatic efforts, to name only a few examples. By pooling resources and experience, we can significantly enhance our collective ability to prevent conflicts, respond to crises and build a more sustainable world. Turkmenistan has consistently advocated for strengthening cooperation between the United Nations, the CIS and the SCO. In that connection, we fully support the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and welcome the reports of the Secretary- General on their implementation. We will also continue to cooperate with regional organizations in achieving peace and harmony in Afghanistan. Our position consists of cooperating with the current authorities of Afghanistan to avoid a humanitarian crisis and the radicalization of the Afghan people. Implementing infrastructure projects is key to ensuring stability and peace in Afghanistan. Through the joint efforts of the United Nations and regional organizations, we can build a more secure, stable and prosperous world. Turkmenistan is ready to actively and fruitfully cooperate to that end.

I now give the floor to the representative of Tajikistan.

At the outset, I extend my gratitude to the Russian presidency of the Council for initiating today’s important debate. I also wish to thank our briefers for their comprehensive and insightful briefings. As a State member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), Tajikistan believes that the relationship between the United Nations and those regional organizations should exemplify effective interaction between global and regional entities. That collaboration should enable those regional organizations to complement the efforts of the United Nations and its Security Council in maintaining international peace and security. The annually adopted SCO, CIS and CSTO declarations consistently emphasize that the United Nations remains the leading universal international body for maintaining global security. Those declarations also reaffirm the commitment of States members of the SCO, CIS and CSTO to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and to strengthening its central role in coordinating international affairs. The relationship between the SCO and the United Nations has been actively developing since 2004, particularly in the field of countering terrorism. The SCO advocates for coordinating actions under the auspices of the United Nations to combat the threat of terrorism and is keen on further expanding cooperation in implementing the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Currently, joint efforts are underway to improve the SCO, especially by modernizing it and creating new bodies, including those countering narcotics. To that end, we look forward to active cooperation between the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the SCO anti-drug centre, which will be established in Dushanbe. We take this opportunity to congratulate Kazakhstan on its successful chairmanship of the SCO and assure China of our full support during its current chairmanship, particularly in promoting cooperation between the SCO and the United Nations. Tajikistan has advocated for more substantive and close cooperation between the CIS and the United Nations for the past three decades. The statement on the principles of international relations in a multipolar world, adopted following the CIS summit in Bishkek in 2023, demonstrated the common approach of States members of the CIS to current global trends and firmly stated that the main responsibility for maintaining international peace and security should lie with the United Nations Security Council. In a rapidly changing world, the CIS consistently pursues a path of further deepening interaction, adhering to a line that excludes bloc-based, ideological and confrontational approaches to solving pressing problems of international and regional development. The practical basis for that work in the CIS includes coordinated measures to adapt the Commonwealth to modern realities and the outline for its further development. I also wish to note that Tajikistan will support Russia’s current presidency of the CIS. Over recent years, the CSTO has established itself as an important actor in strengthening peace and ensuring regional security and stability. The organization consistently demonstrates its potential to minimize collective security threats and respond to modern challenges. Tajikistan supports the CSTO’s focus on expanding its international activities and strengthening its authority, including under Kazakhstan’s current chairmanship. In that context, cooperation between the CSTO and the United Nations and its specialized agencies should serve as an example of mutually beneficial dialogue. I recall that three years ago, under the Tajik presidency of the CSTO, the activities of observer and partner institutions were launched, indicating the CSTO’s commitment to the principle of openness towards its partners, in particular the United Nations. In conclusion, I want to emphasize that Tajikistan will continue to contribute to the further development of multifaceted interaction between the SCO, CIS and CSTO with the United Nations to maintain international peace and security.

I now give the floor to the representative of Pakistan.

Pakistan welcomes this important debate, convened by the Russian presidency, on cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations in maintaining international peace and security. We thank the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support and the Secretaries-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for their useful briefings. Regional integration represents the next phase of institutional development in international relations, particularly in the realms of trade and industry. Pakistan recognizes the crucial role those organizations play in fostering economic growth and cooperation across borders, combating terrorism and drug trafficking. It is essential that the particular national interests of Member States do not hinder regional integration. We must strive for a collective vision that benefits all. The quest for regional hegemony by one large State has undermined the potential of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization holds immense promise and potential. With some of the world’s largest emerging economies as members, the SCO is poised to advance integrated regional cooperation, especially by enhancing trade and investment opportunities. That was evident at the recent SCO+ summit meeting in Astana at which Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif of Pakistan participated actively. The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), though established earlier, has also significant potential for enhancing regional and interregional cooperation. In particular, it can enhance regional connectivity between the East and the West, fostering a more interconnected and secure Eurasia. China’s Belt and Road Initiative offers a vital avenue for enhancing integration within the SCO and the CSTO and beyond. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is a flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative, embodying the objectives of regional cooperation and development and global connectivity for enhanced trade and investment. Pakistan remains committed to accelerating and expanding the China- Pakistan Economic Corridor, including to Afghanistan, in order to realize its full potential for investment and connectivity. The implementation of the connectivity projects between Central Asia, through Afghanistan, will contribute immensely to fostering peace and security within Afghanistan and the region. Pakistan believes that other regional organizations, such as the African Union, the Economic Cooperation Organization and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, along with cross-regional groups, such as the League of Arab States and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), should work towards expanding global integration through appropriate association agreements. That aligns with our long- standing commitment to fostering closer ties and cooperation among regional and cross-regional entities. In that context, Pakistan welcomes the establishment of the African Union-Arab League-OIC Trilateral Commission. Such regional and interregional initiatives, in association with the United Nations, are crucial for fostering greater cooperation and understanding among diverse regions and contributing to global harmony and collective progress. Regional integration must be pursued within the framework of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, international law and agreements. Such a framework should include the following. First, it should adhere the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, ensuring that all actions are consistent with the promotion of international peace and security. Second, it should respect the sovereignty and integrity of States within each region’s unique mechanisms and processes. Third, it should prevent any one or two or a few States from dominating regional organizations or imposing their will on others, in accordance with the tenets of equality, mutual respect and equity in relations among sovereign States. Fourth, regional cooperation should be aimed at providing support to less developed economies to achieve their full potential and thereby contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and climate goals. Fifth, equity and non-discrimination for all Member States must be ensured in the integration and regional cooperation processes. Sixth, priority must be accorded to promoting connectivity projects and building sustainable infrastructure to further integration, investment, trade and development. Seventh, the essential role of digital integration and cooperation must be enhanced to accelerate regional cooperation and investment to establish regionally and globally integrated modern economies. By adhering to those principles and working together, we can harness the full potential of regional organizations to create a more integrated, prosperous and stable world. Pakistan remains committed to those objectives and looks forward to continued collaboration with the United Nations and all regional and cross- regional partners.

I now give the floor to the representative of India.

At the outset, I would like to congratulate you, Mr. President, for organizing this meeting on the important subject of cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations, with a specific focus on the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). I also thank the briefers for their useful insights. Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations ascribes a special role to regional organizations in dealing with matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security. In fact, Article 52 of the Charter of the United Nations encourages the settlement of disputes through regional arrangements or by regional agencies. Regional and subregional organizations have time and again shown how important their role is in the maintenance of international peace and security. The world order that we inherited following the Second World War has seen a complete transformation. Similarly, the threats that Member States faced when the United Nations was founded 79 years ago have also changed. The contemporary security challenges that we, as Member States, face now are not limited to territorial or political disputes but transcend physical and political boundaries. In today’s globalized world, terrorism, drug trafficking, transnational crime, climate change, the security implications of new technologies and pandemics are transnational in nature. To face such diverse challenges, we need coordinated and concerted actions across borders. We believe that enhanced cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations will be a determining factor in the successful resolution of conflicts. Today’s meeting, focusing on cooperation between the United Nations and the CSTO, the CIS and the SCO is therefore very timely. In that context, we note the ongoing cooperation between the United Nations and those organizations based on General Assembly resolutions. We also acknowledge the work of United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia. We also note with appreciation that 2024 marks the thirtieth anniversary of the CIS obtaining observer status in the General Assembly (General Assembly resolution 48/237). India shares deep civilizational ties with the people of Central Asia. The diplomatic relations between India and Central Asian countries, including CSTO members, have completed three meaningful decades. On that occasion, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi hosted the first-ever India-Central Asia Summit in January 2022. The meeting was attended by three CSTO members, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, as well as Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The Summit was symbolic of the importance attached by the leaders of India and the Central Asian countries to a comprehensive and enduring India-Central Asia partnership. India attaches great importance to the SCO for peace, security, stability and economic development in the region. That was evident in India’s successful presidency of the SCO from 2022 to 2023. India’s priorities in the SCO are shaped by the Prime Minister’s vision of a “SECURE SCO”. SECURE stands for security, economic cooperation, connectivity, unity, respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, and environmental protection. India has also consistently advocated respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity with regard to connectivity and infrastructure projects. Recognizing the centrality of Central Asia to the SCO, India has prioritized the interests and aspirations of Central Asia. India accords high priority to consolidating trust within the SCO in the security domain and to strengthening ties with SCO partners on the basis of equality, respect and mutual understanding. When we talk about international peace and security, members will agree that terrorism constitutes one of the most serious threats. We must therefore shun double standards in our fight against terrorism. Certain countries are using terrorism as an instrument of State policy. Such an approach has the potential to affect cooperation in multilateral platforms, including the SCO. We must reaffirm our resolve to fight terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, and we must crackdown on all forms of support for terrorism, including its financing. There is a need for the full implementation of Security Council resolutions and targeted sanctions against terrorist individuals and entities in order to counter terrorism effectively. In that regard, the leaders of the SCO agreed in the recent Astana declaration adopted on 4 July that the international community must isolate and expose those countries that are harbouring terrorists, providing them with a safe haven and condoning terrorism. Similarly, we should also take proactive steps to prevent the spread of radicalization among our youth. The joint statement on the subject of radicalization issued during India’s SCO presidency in 2023 symbolizes our shared commitment to fighting radicalization. Against a backdrop of increasing regional conflicts with new and complex security challenges, the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the SCO is playing a significant role in strengthening cooperation among member States. We need to further strengthen the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure’s role in the fight against the three evils of terrorism, separatism and extremism. In that regard, the programme of cooperation for the period 2025 to 2027 approved at the Astana summit is a welcome move. India is also actively contributing to the discussion on setting up a universal centre in Tashkent. In the spirit of our cooperation with, and support to, the Central Asia region, India has offered a $1 billion line of credit for priority development projects. India is also providing grant assistance for the implementation of high-impact community development projects for furthering socioeconomic development in the countries of the region. We have created the India-Central Asia Dialogue platform for strengthening cooperation between India and Central Asian countries. The recent signing of a contract to develop the Chabahar Port in Iran attests to our commitment towards realizing the potential of the place as a connectivity hub for Afghanistan and Central Asia. Developments in Afghanistan will have wider ramifications for the Central Asia region, particularly with regard to the possible growth in international terrorism and drug trafficking emanating from Afghan territory. Resolution 2593 (2021) reflects the collective approach and expectations of the international community. Let me conclude by reiterating our strong support for cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations. We believe that the partnership is indispensable to responding collectively, coherently and decisively so as to effectively prevent, manage and resolve violent conflicts and promote peace and development.

I now give the floor to the representative of Kyrgyzstan.

I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate the Russian Federation on its presidency of the Council and to wish my Russian colleagues in that position of responsibility successful and fruitful work in maintaining international peace and stability. (spoke in English) Kyrgyzstan is one of the founding member States of all three regional organizations in question today. In that regard, I wish to commend the Russian presidency for convening today’s thematic debate, which serves the purpose of informing Council members and States members of the United Nations about the multidimensional activities of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in the interests of maintaining international peace and security. I also wish to thank the briefers  — Assistant Secretary-General Elizabeth Spehar; SCO Secretary- General Zhang Ming; CSTO Secretary-General Imangali Tasmagambetov; and CIS Secretary-General Sergey Lebedev — for their very informative statements. Cooperation with international and regional organizations in line with the Charter of the United Nations has been a priority in Kyrgyzstan’s foreign affairs. Over the past three decades, Kyrgyzstan has become a member of more than 120 organizations, of which the CSTO, the CIS and the SCO are salient examples. Kyrgyzstan is as proud of its positive record of cooperation with the United Nations as it is of its long- standing membership in those regional bodies, which have tangibly contributed to strengthening national security and defence and fostering Kyrgyzstan’s sustainable development. I am pleased to note that each of the three bodies has made cascading contributions to peace and security in Eurasia and Asia, to the promotion of a regional dialogue and cooperation marked by good- neighbourliness and the accomplishment of a negotiated settlement on national borders. Kyrgyzstan has consistently supported the establishment of interaction by the United Nations with those regional arrangements that opens multilateral avenues for institutional partnership in the interests of global and regional security. In our opinion, the developing multi-pronged cooperation between the United Nations and the CSTO, the CIS and the SCO in many ways lives up to that very goal. For instance, we commend the partnership and cooperation between the United Nations and regional bodies in countering international terrorism and extremism and in the area of preventive diplomacy. Nonetheless, we call for a further deepening of cooperation in the fields of peacekeeping, countering transnational organized crime, illicit trafficking in drugs, weapons and human beings, and cybercrime. Regional security in Central Asia and Eurasia as a whole is inextricably tied to the security context in neighbouring Afghanistan. In our opinion, is absolutely imperative that Afghanistan be sustained as a secure and stable country. In that connection, I wish to point out that all three regional entities have also been instrumental in the continuous efforts of the United Nations and regional actors in helping reinstate peace, security and development in Afghanistan. For its part, Kyrgyzstan has always expressed resolute support for the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan’s operations and has, on a number of occasions, provided unconditional humanitarian aid to the Afghan people. I wish to assure the Council that Kyrgyzstan will work actively on strengthening institutional partnership and cooperation between the United Nations and these regional organizations. In conclusion, I wish to recall that Kyrgyzstan is a candidate country for a non-permanent seat on the Security Council for the 2027 to 2028 term. If elected, Kyrgyzstan plans to give a regional dimension to global security — one of the keystones of its membership.

I now give the floor to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

I thank you, Mr. President, for organizing this significant debate, and I thank all the briefers for their invaluable contributions. In an increasingly complex global environment, maintaining international peace and security requires coordinated responses at national, regional and international levels. Enhancing collaboration between the United Nations and regional organizations is more important than ever. Regional organizations have a unique understanding of local issues and provide realistic insights and preventive mechanisms tailored to specific needs, enabling them to address emerging conflicts effectively and seek peaceful, political solutions. The General Assembly endorses cooperation with the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) through biennial resolutions under the agenda item “Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations”. Recognizing that, we highly value the roles of the CSTO, the SCO and the CIS in strengthening peace and stability in the region and supporting constructive cooperation between those organizations and the United Nations. We believe that such cooperation can enhance security and development, which are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of multilateralism in addressing global threats and challenges. As a new member of the SCO, which actively participated in the twenty-fourth summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization held in Astana on 3 and 4 July, the Islamic Republic of Iran attaches great importance to effective and enhanced cooperation between the United Nations and the SCO. Drug trafficking and other forms of transnational organized crime are significant concerns for Iran and offer opportunities for practical interactions between the United Nations and the SCO. The SCO, with its multi-faceted structure, can actively contribute to international efforts by developing its regional capacity and aiding national Governments in combating terrorism and extremism. The SCO also supports international efforts in conflict prevention and resolution, counter- terrorism, transnational crime prevention, combating illegal drugs and ensuring international information security. We share the view that strengthening the partnership is essential for effectively combating terrorism, transnational crime and other traditional and emerging threats, ultimately contributing to global peace and development. Within that context, we support the close collaboration between the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and States members of the SCO to combat the illicit drug trade and organized crime. As such, joint initiatives, capacity-building programmes and information exchange between the SCO and UNODC will enhance the ability to disrupt criminal networks and reduce the impact of those activities on society. Given the pressing challenges Afghanistan faces, we believe that enhanced cooperation between the United Nations and the SCO has a significant potential to foster stability and development in Afghanistan. By collaborating on security, economic development, humanitarian assistance, political support and regional integration, the United Nations and the SCO can contribute to a more stable and prosperous Afghanistan. Also, joint infrastructure projects can boost Afghanistan’s economic growth. The Islamic Republic of Iran stands ready to fully engage in dialogue and cooperation within the SCO and the United Nations to address pressing challenges and promote peace and security in the region.

I now give the floor to the representative of Azerbaijan.

Allow me to begin by expressing our appreciation to the presidency of the Russian Federation for convening this important debate. I also thank the briefers for their insightful remarks. The Republic of Azerbaijan is an active participant in numerous international and regional organizations and views them as essential to promoting cooperation and understanding among nations. They play a key role in addressing common risks and challenges, with a nuanced understanding of local dynamics and cultural contexts and provide a unique platform for cooperation in areas of mutual interest. As such, regional arrangements complement the work of the United Nations in maintaining peace and security and promoting cooperation. Azerbaijan maintains its deep conviction that the key to ensuring global peace and security is full adherence to international law, particularly respect for territorial integrity, sovereignty, the inviolability of borders and non-interference in internal affairs. Only through such adherence can regional arrangements play a positive role in mitigating challenges and serve the interests of the entire international community. Any regional arrangement acting in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations should promote the goals of the United Nations and complement global efforts aimed at maintaining international peace and security. Guided by that understanding, Azerbaijan has participated in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) since 1993. We value the role of the CIS in promoting mutually beneficial interactions among the participating nations in political, socioeconomic and cultural areas, based on the sovereign equality of States. Azerbaijan considers the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) to be a valuable platform for cooperation. In its foreign policy, Azerbaijan firmly adheres to the principles of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States and for years has been at the forefront of global efforts to combat terrorism, extremism and separatism, as identified in the founding documents of the SCO. That provides a solid basis for the further strengthening of Azerbaijan-SCO relations, currently at the partner-for-dialogue level. In accordance with the memorandum of understanding signed in 2016, Azerbaijan and the SCO embarked on practical cooperation in important areas. That partnership has yielded tangible results over recent years through increased interaction between Azerbaijan and the SCO, including its member States, in such critical areas as trade, connectivity, energy, security and the promotion of intercultural and intercivilizational dialogue and harmony. Practical cooperation between Azerbaijan and the SCO in various areas is enhanced by comprehensive political dialogue. The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, His Excellency Mr. Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev, recently participated in the SCO plus summit held on 4 July in Astana. The event provided an excellent opportunity for dialogue and was marked by historic developments in our bilateral relations with the States members of the SCO. The Azerbaijan-SCO cooperation agenda is multifaceted and promising for both sides. We are determined to enhance and deepen our cooperation with the different SCO structures, particularly in the economic, trade, transport, connectivity, cultural and humanitarian fields. With that understanding, Azerbaijan remains keen on upgrading its formal status within the SCO and relies on the express support of all member States without undue linkages and guided exclusively by interests of both the SCO and Azerbaijan. In addition, Azerbaijan, being a strong proponent of strengthened cooperation and interaction between the SCO and the United Nations, has consistently co-sponsored relevant General Assembly resolutions in that regard and has actively participated in events co-organized by the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization across different United Nations platforms. We maintain our strong conviction that such interactions are mutually beneficial and significantly contribute to addressing challenges that remain high on the global agenda. On a separate note, we would like to highlight the upcoming chairmanship of Azerbaijan in the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia (CICA) for the years 2024 to 2026 as a unique opportunity for promoting synergy and cooperation among different regional arrangements in Asia. In the course of its chairmanship, Azerbaijan will prioritize the increased interaction between the CICA and other Asian regional organizations that share the goal of promoting security, stability and cooperation in Asia.

I give the floor to the representative of Uzbekistan.

At the outset, I would like to thank you, Mr. President, for convening this meeting and all the speakers, especially Mr. Lebedev, Mr. Tasmagambetov and Mr. Zhang Ming for their valuable input. We believe that multilateral cooperation is the cornerstone of global peace, security and sustainable development. In that context, the collaborative efforts between the United Nations and regional organizations, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), are indispensable. The SCO has become an effective entity in maintaining security, stability and sustainable development in international relations. While reflecting the fundamental principles and ideas of the United Nations, the SCO serves as an important guide in developing inter-State relations and countering global challenges and threats. The SCO has successfully established and maintained partnerships with the United Nations and its specialized agencies. We strongly believe that the participation of Mr. António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit in Astana on 4 July made a significant contribution to further development of cooperation between the two organizations. We fully share the opinion expressed by Mr. António Guterres at the SCO Summit. Indeed, deep global divisions and conflicts must end to clear a path to tackling the world’s two major threats: climate change and the negative impacts of the artificial intelligence boom. We echo the Secretary- General’s view on the need to reaffirm our common commitment to multilateralism based on the Charter of the United Nations, international law and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The President of Uzbekistan, His Excellency Mr. Shavkat Mirziyoyev, emphasized that the world needs more than ever to rebuild trust, justice and solidarity. Global political and economic fractures, wars and conflicts are undermining the foundations and key principles of the system of international relations. The way to solve those problems is to consolidate efforts in the interests of global security, development and prosperity. The year 2024 marks the thirtieth anniversary of the CIS obtaining observer status at the General Assembly (General Assembly resolution 48/237). That significant milestone was acknowledged by the CIS Ministers for Foreign Affairs in April. They declared readiness to cooperate in a constructive manner with the United Nations through deepening and intensifying existing contacts, as well as establishing new areas of collaboration in order to promote international peace and security, inter-ethnic harmony, the protection of human rights and economic and social progress. We acknowledge the significant progress made in fostering cooperation between the United Nations and the SCO and the CIS. However, we recognize that there is still much potential to be fulfilled. We believe that, by leveraging the unique strengths and capabilities of those regional organizations, we can effectively address the complex global challenges that the world is facing today.