S/PV.99 Security Council

(transltiled from French):' Le PRESIDll:NT:Etant donne queplusieul'S As I still have several_speakers on my list, i proorateurs restentinscrits, je 'proIJOse de suspendre ,pose to adjourn the meeting until 3 o'clock this la seance jusqu'a 15 heures. afternoon. The meeting rose at 1.3(Jp.m. .. NINETY-NINTH MEETING Held at Lake Success, New Yor1c, on Tuesday; 4 February'1947; at 3 p.m; ' . ' . President: Mt.M. F. VAN LANGENHOVE (Belgium). . , Presen"t: The representatives of the fo1l9':Ving countries: .Australia, .Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia,. France, Poland, Syria, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States of America. 38. Continuation of the discussion' on the seneral .regulation and reduction' of armaments' , The PRESIDENT ·(translated from French): The meeting is called to order. Icall:,on the representative of Australia. La seance est levee a13 h. 30~ QUATRE-VINGT:"DIX-NEUVIEME SEANCE, _ Tenu~ aLake Succe,fs, New-York; , le mardi 4 fevrier 19~7, a15·hfJure.s. . Prlsident: M. M. F. VAN UNGENHOVE .; (Belgique). Presents: Les representa,nts des pays ~uivants: AllStra}ie, Belgique, Bresil" ChiIJ,~, Cololllhie, Franc:;e, Pologne~ Syrie, Union desRepubliques soci~tessovi~tiques, Royaume-Uni, Etats~Unis d'Amerique. . ,. , . 38.' Suite de la discussion 5ur:la reglementationetla r~du~ion gen~rale!r'des armements . Le PRESIDENT: 'Lase~nce est puverte. La; parole est au representant de l'Australie.. o mission this morning, by the delegation of the United States of America, of a new r~solution. Through the courtesy of the United ,States delegation, we had the opportunity of seeing the text of that resolution some days ago) and hence of consulting,our Government. Following that consultation, I, have to state that the" Australian Government cannot support the United States resolution as itstands at present. The reason why we cannot support the United States resol~tion is that, in our estimation, the practical effect of the adoption of that resolution ifr its presentform would be, firstly, to give priority to the consideration of the First Report of the Atomic Energy. Commission, and it is quite, plain' that the Council is not going to make any progress if we try to establish priorities in that way. Further, the practical effect would be, in our estimation, to defer the commencement' of, work, directeli ,towards the general reduction·and:regulationof ~aments. . 'We also believe that the resolution is unsuitable 'because we cannot see ,any necessity to establish, a comm~.ttee !o make ,preliminary studi,es regarding, the work to be done by .the proposed commis~ion, and it seems to us that to take, the step of establishing the committee will result 'in some delay. Further, it should be possible for the Security Council itself tu establish the commission, to decide on its membership and to agree on its terms ofreference, .without necessarily setting up a special committee for the purpose.- ., Another reason why we do not feel that the United States draft resoltltion exactly meets the needs of the ,Council' at the moment is that it omits any ref~rence to ,other urgent matters, particularly to matters requiring the attention of the" Military Staff Committee, which were referred' to in' the', resolution of, the General AsseIp~ly of 14 December. The'Australian delegation agrees that the matters. rela$g,tothe control of atomic energy should be proceeded with immediately, but we also believe that action to that end should not in any'way delay the cOnSideratioIl., concurrently and on parallel lines; of other matters which the General Assembly has asked the Security Council to examine. It 'seems to us that some of the specific objections to paragr~phs 2 and 3 or' the United States resolution,which were raised this morning by the representative, of the' Soviet Union were very cogent and convincing., . . Having said that,' I· should like to make,clear our views regarding certain controversial aspects of th,e control of atomic energy and the.regulation and reduction of armaments, in' order that b there should be no mis1ll1derstanding, about our Une autre raison pour laquelle le projet de resolution present~ par 'la delegation des Etats- Unisne' nous semble pas repon<ire exactement, a.'l'heure actuelle, aux. besoins du Conseil est qu'elle ne mentionne pas les autres questions urgentes, et plus particulierement les questions soumises a. l'examen du Comite d'etat-major et qui figurent dans la resolution de I'Assemblee gener?le du 14 decembre. La delegation, australienne est d'accord pC)l,lJ; que l'on aborde imm~diatement les que$tions relatives all, contrOle de l'energie atomique, mais ~lle croit aussi qu,'une action dansce domaine ne de,vrait, en aucune fa~on, retarder l'examen si~. multane et parallele .des autres, questionssou,~ mises par I'Assemblee generale al'examendu Conseil de securite. 11 nous semble donc que pIu;. sieurs qes .objections prtkisessoulevees, ce matin, par le representant de I'Union sovietique au sujet des paragraphes2 et 3 de la resolution des EtatS-Unis, ,sont tres congrues et con'Vaincantci. . . Cela dit,'et 'pour que notre attitude presente ne donne pas lieu a. un malentendu, je voudrais preciser l'opinion de la delegation australienne sur certains'aspects discutes· du probleme du controle de l'energie atomique et de la reglemen- . Secondly, I should like to say that the Australian Government has a proper appreciation'of the nobility of action of the United States of Anierica, which, being possessed·at this moment in. history .of an enormous power of destruction, has-voluntarily 'expressed its 'Yillingness to sur-. rC?nder that power in order to serve the cause of world,peace, The fact that we do not·agree now With, the United States proposals regarding method does not mean that we have forgotten, in the leaSt, the readiness of the United States of Amenca to serve the good of mankind. , T should also 'like to say that we are fully Nous sommes aussi parfaitement comcients aware of the very specJaI problems which face des problemes tres particuliers qui se posent.pour great·Pow,ers when. they, approach the question . les grandes Puissances, des qu'eUes·abordent la 6fdisarmament, It is true that disaimament is question du desarmement. liest certain que cette a question that affects~the'lives and the interest question affecte la vie et les ~terets· des peuples of,peoples from· all parts of,the world, whether detoutesles parties du monde, qu'ils vivent ou they live in powerful countries or in countries non dans un: pays puissant. Toutefois, nous corn;. which are not so powerful. But, at the same prenons bien que la position des grandes Puistirrie, we do see that the great Power is in a sances est tout a fait sp&iale. En effet, il est special position. The yielding of even a small dur, pour ces Puissances, de ceder ne fut-ce part oftheir strength is a step which the strong qu'une niinime partiede leur force; nous ne usually' find .very hard to take, and we do not '~omptons pas·voir les grandes Puissances renonexpect any great Power to hand over its weapons cer a leurs armements avant que les autres before other nations do the same. We stand firm nations ne l'aient fait. Nous sommes decides a on the policy which will surround the reduction soutenir fermement Iapolitique qui etablira des and regulation' of ~ and control of atomic garantie efficaces et.realisables pour la reglemenenergy with effective and enforce~ble sa~eguards. tation et la reduction des armenients ainsi que We do not expect any nation to commit suicide lecontrole de I'energie atomique. Nous ne for public benefit., demandons ~ aucun pays de se suicider poUf le bien de I'Iiumamte: . . That is all we wish to say on the second aspect Voila ceque je voUIais dire en ce qui concerne of the question-~amely, the aspect which haS le deuxieme aspect du probleme souleve' par la been bt:ought before us by the s~bmission of the nouvelle resolution. des Etats-Unis .d'Amerique. new resolution of the United States of America. . I:shoUId like,however, to ~akesome passing . Je voulais .faire, en. passant, que1ques reremarks about the general situation in which the marques generales sur la situation devarit la- SecUrity Council now finds itself. You yourself, quelle se trouve le Conseil de securite. Vous- Mr. President, made what· I would venture to meme, Monsieur le President, avez tres u#}ecall a very useful sunimary of the points of ment resume, a mon sens, les points sur lesquels agteementwhich exist in tIlls Council; and lIes membres du Conseil de securite sont d'accord; think that summary was particularly .usefUl bevotre resume etait d'autant plus· utile q~e vous cause it dll-ected attention to the fact that there avez souligne le fait que l'accord existait au is . a very substantial measure of agreement COnSeil sur un nombre import~nt de questions. among all the members of this Council. I would also venture to say ~ha~ I think the Je me permettrai d'ajouter que les quatre fo~ points which you ~ention in your summary points qt;le vous avez mentionnes ~:lails v.otre are p6fl:1ts which, all members of' the Council expose sont acceptables, a mon aviS, pour t,ous accept. So far as our delegation is concerned, les membres, du Conseil.- Pour ce qui est ,de la w~ certainly can accept t~em. But· ha:ving said delegation australienne, elle les accepte certa~e­ that; 'Iperinit myself to wonder whether or not ment. Cela dit, je me demande toutefois si the existence of agreement on those four ,points l'existence cl'un· accord sur ces quatre points est really resolves the' particular difficulty' which is vraiment de nature a resoudre la difficulte partifacing us at thIs,moment. - culiere devant laquelle nous nous t~oUV01:lS en ce moment. , .It s_e~ms .to us 'th~t ·\vha~. is !mpeding the .. Ce qui retarde, selonnous, Jes travaux d~ progress of the SecUrity Council is not theConseil de securite, ce n'est pas la 'question de ... _._U••II·lIlt••1l:".!ll!l··.... mll.II..II.II!lIllJiIlllIt!!!lliI.IIIII1I1.IUIIIliILM!iJIIlllllllbII•• IIII1l1I1I1...lilIlllillllllib......,.'•.......... 1 __.".IiIIIlIilillIIi__ iiliI:llTIiIl· "" ~""""'Y"'!... 1 ....._ _............_._..... · _ tell!~Ur du rapport de la Commission de l'energie atonnque. .' - '.' En second lieu, mon pays apprecie a sa juste valeur la noble attitude des Etats-Unisd'Amerique. En effet; alors qu'il detient en ce moment d'enormes puissances destructives, ce pays a declare de son plein. gre qu'il etait dispose a y ren.oneer afui cl'assurer la paix du monde. Notre divergence de vues .avec le representant des Etats-Unis d'Amerique sur une question de procedure ne signifie pas que nous ayons le moins duo monde oublie l'empressement que ce pays a manifeste aservir le bien-etre de l'humanite. I trust the' representatives of the United States of Americ'a. and bf the Soviet Union will excuse me ..if," ,in what I say, I' refer perhaps rather p-ointedly to them. 'But the truth of the matter is that those two delegations are the ones which hitherto ~ave been the only ones' to reveal any major difference of opinion" regardiiig this next step which the Council 'has',1'low to take.' It' has occurred, '1 am 'sure, to several 'of' their col'" teagues;and it'has certainly occuz:red to our de}egatio~, that)t might be possible to find a ftuddle way' whlch would,be acceptable to both d£ them. ,.. , ' : " , , .' , "It was in an endeavouttofiiid such a middle way that, at an earlier session; the representat.ive of France submitted a ·resolution..SllriiJ.arly, in: an en4eav.our to find a middle way, the representative of Australia also p~esehted <f'1"esnllltion., Boththese;resolutions are110w;befdre you. As the representative of Austdtliasaidwhen intro- 4ucing the. Australian resolut~op., w~. 'are not prepared 'at this moment ta adopt '~ither the resolution "of the Soviet'Union' or that of the United States' of America. 'We do riot feel that there is 'lany useful' purpose to be'served by going' aHead with either of, those two great Powers. What we want to be able to do is to go aheanwith both of them together. ," Having' listened very' carefully to the two speeches mad~ this morning, :I must confesstd some puzzlement .as to what is the real difficulty which prevents t~em from going'ahead. If my colleagues will excuse me for speaking in a way that is simple and direct, and that' claiths no other merit except 'simplicity and di.t~ctness, it seems to me that the true cause of the trouble is simply a lack of confidence, and that a good deal of' our tardiness in making up our minds ~egaraing the method which we are to adopt appears 'to :be a fear that if such. and such a method were adopted, the resijlt might be that one of us might lower his fistS while the other relpained hi,a threatening attitude. Now,. how can w,e rebuild the cQnfideQce that is'necessary irl order th!tt w~ may act together? . : You yourself, Mr.. President,and ,other sp~akers, have referred to the pleasure 6fagreeinent between us. It Seems to us' that if we reexamine, dir~ctly the po~n~ onwlrlch we ~e'in agr~emen~, ratp.er 'th~n the complexities' that lie general~ des annements. Nos opinions ne diffe· rent, me semble-t-il, que sur un petit point: que farre maintenant? Au risque de donnerpeut-etre une explication trop simpIiste, je voudraisexaminer plus particulierement ce point. , Je suiS.certain que lesrepresentarits .des, Etats- Unis d'Ainerique et de,I'Union sovietique vou· dront bienm'excuser si je m'adresse plus particuliercment aeme. A vrai dire, ces deux' delegations sont .lesseules qui, jUsqu'a present, ont manifeste de grandes divergences de vues sur la questioll de savoir ce que le Conseil de' securite l;loit fairemaintenant en premier lieu. Je pense, etje suis.sur,que plusieurs de mes collegues pen· sent egalement" qu'il est pos~ible' de trouver un compromis acceptable pour lesdeux pays. . C'est certainement ,dans cette intention qu'au cours d'une seance precedentele repr~entantde la France a soumis une resolution. La delegation' australienne a agi dans le meme esprit et le Conseil est maintenant,saisi de ces deux resolutioli$.,Comme I'a declare le representant, de l'Australieen soumettant sa resolution,ma delegation n'est pas disposee, pour le moment,a accepter le point de,vue del'Union sovietique ni celui deS Etats-Unis'd'Amenque. Ce ne serait pas faire re:uvre utile, .. a monavis, que ,de se ranger .a; l'am de l'une ou de l'autre grande Puissance separement..Ce que nous voulons, 'eest etre,d'accord avec toutes les deux a la fois, pour aller,de l'avant. , J'ai; ecoute avec beaucoup d'attention les' exposes qu'ont faits ce matin les representantil de ces, deux pays. Je dois avouerque je suis un peu perplexe; je me demande ce qui les empeche. d'ayancer. Mes collegues Ivoudront bien excuser la franchise. et la simplicite de mes paroles-je ne revendique d'ailleurs que,le merite de la sim· plicite et de la franchise;-mais ~ me semble que la .veritable cause de la mesentente·est simplement un manque de confiance. Si nous hesitons parfois avant de prendre. une decision, sur la procedure a adopter,' c'est ,parce que nous crai· gnons qu'en adoptant telle ou. telle mesure, nous ne nons decouvrions, alors que l'autre gardera son attitude mena~ante. Com.m.ent pouvons-nous done retablir cette confiance sans laqu'elle nous ne pouvons agir en parfaite hannonie? Vous-meme,Monsieur le President, vous avez signaie, etd;autres orateurs l'ont fait aussi, qu'un certain accord regnait parmi nous. A monavis, /!ii nous examinions avec franchise les points sur lesq:uels ,l1J)US sommes d'accord, plut8t que les difficuIt€s devant .1~quelles nous nous tro:uvons, et si nous envisagions la situation presente plutOt ~'etreenvigueur. Sinotrereuvre devait reposer sur une.,autre fondation, ce serait nier le carac~ tere viable des NationS Unies. . ~hould be comprehensive, complete and binding quatriemement, de faire en sorte que ce systeme on, all nations, and covering both major and soit complet et detaille, qU'il engage tous les pays nllnor weapons; fifth, thaf the .system should et porte sur les armes importantes comme sur les iriclude practical aild ,.effective safeguards by armes secondaires; cinquiemement, de fake en way.of .inspection -and other means to protect sorte qti'au moyen d'inspections ou d'autres procomplying States against the hazards of. viola": cedes, ce systeme assure aux Etats respj::ctueux de tions and evasions; sixth, that there should be, leurs .obligationS des garanties pratiques et efliwith certain provisos, general progressive and caces confre les risques de violations et de subter-: balanced reduCtion of national armed forces, fuge; sixiemement, de proceder, souscertaines and progressive and balanced withdrawal of conditions, a la reduction progressive et equili-. troops stationed in foreign countrieS, and that brt~e des forces armees nationales, au retrait prothe system of collective security provided .for in gressif et equilibre·des forces stationnees dans les Article 43 .of the Charter should be completed pays etrangers et a la mise en application, aussi- -as early as posSible.. ' ,., _. tat que possible, dusysteme desecurite collective prevu.al'Article 43 de la.Charte. In .re-stating those principles, I· have based J'ai rappeIe ces principes, en me.fondaqt tout my stateme»t squarely on the terms. of the Gensimplement sur les termC$ de la resolution adoperal Assembly resolution, which -we have -all tee par l'AssembIee .generale et acceptt~e· par •... ...'. ... .. d '" IlI••lln- I!••••• lL , n- 0.Lagr~em~nt exists. Now, our delegation is fplly COIJ$cious that there are great difficulties surroundiI:lg this questi~n, ~d we are fully aware of the very. many complexities~ both technical and 'political, .~J1at Will be' encountered ~ the course of our future work. We do not WISh to brush aside or, to diminish in any. way the ip1po~ceofthe cOIisiderations'of na~onal seC\1- ~ty that must be uppermost in the nnnd of each J!ational representative here. But the simple question" we have to face at this, moment is whether we have sufficient faith in thestrength 6£ the, agreement we have afready reached to enable uS' to take the next step side by side, instead of. trying to get in front of each other. . Now, the ~uStralian delegation'is prepared to accept that as our foundation, and it would urge the Council to move forward as expeditiously as possible to carry out the task which the GeneralAssembly placed on us. The plain fact, of whidl' we are aware, is that we cannot make any' useful progress unless all the great Powers are co-operating. The corrollary to that is that, if the great Powers cannot r~concile their differingviews, .if' we are not prepared to pass apprOval ,on the foundation, if we are not prepared to start building side by side, this workwill be halted indefinitely. " ,At this stage, I shall not recapitulate the particular .points centainedin the Australian resolution. They were, fully explained .by the Australian Ambassador, Mr.. Makin, when he introduced our resolution last month. . " .But the idea beIiliid thatresohitioD. is that ~ th{faSpects of this great task must be pushed ahead side by side; ,that we'cannot allow one phase of the question to lag behind the other. One point that struck me in listening to the speeches this m<?rning ~as the insi'ltence of both speake~ that this'problem .was a whole'problem; , it was not a problem which could be separated into small parts, but'a problem tha~ had to be considered.asa. whole, and a pr<:>blem which had to be considered in relation to the broader questions of the post.;war settlement and of. collective security. There is one practical asp'ect of the question, however, on which I should like to touch bliefly before concluding, because it is a matter which seems to have caused some concern. It is the problem",of.~o-ordinationto prev~nt the work from getting -out ~of hancl :an!i nQt progressing in. an'orderly way and on parallel lines as pro- P9sed by some of the. resolutions. But thatproblem .seems to us to be'an .'exceptionally simple ..one by reas::_~~_t~~.~~~ty~the composition: Jusqu'a present, personne n'a, it ma connaissance, mis.en doute <;:etaccord fondamental.' Tous l~ membres ici pr~entsl'ontadmis jusqu'a, ce point. Notre delegation ~ consciente de.s grandes difficultes que cette question a fait sur~ glr; nous savons fort bien qu'au cours de nos travaux, DOUS rencontrerons beaucoup de., problemes compliques, d'ordre technique et politique. Nons n'avonspas I'intention de neglige~ ou de so~-estimer le moins du monde l'import~mce des considerations. de ,secmite. nationale. Ces considerations doivent etre.la preoccupation premiere des representants.de chaque pays. Mais en ce moment, nous nous trouvons devant' une question tres simple, celle desavoitsil'accord que nous avons etabli, est suffisammentsolide pour nous permettre de continuer nostravauxen marchant cote it cote, aulieu d'essayer denous depasser. . ' . ;.. Pour sa part, la de~egation austr~lienneest disposee it accepter cette b~e, et demande, ins:- tamment au Conseil d'avancer aussi vite, que possible,'dans la tach; que lui aconfiee'l'AssembIee generale.n est un fait que nous admettons tous: il nous ser~ impossible d'aller utilement de I'avantsans la collabqration de tou~es les grandes , Puissances. 11 s'eilsuit que, si elle,s ne pe:uvent, co~cilier leurs opinions divergentes" et si nous ne'sommes pas d'accord sm: les fondations' que ;.nous avons posees, et disposes it construire .€ote acote, nostravaux seront indefiniment arretes. Je ne reprendrai pas id les points contenus dans la resolution australienne. L'ambassadeur d'Australie, M. Makin, leS a parfaitement exposes lorsqu'il a presente cette resolution le mois derr,d,er. , L~idee maitresse de .cette resolution est que tous'le.s aspects du grand probleme qui'noUs ac': cupe'doivent etre etudies conjointement et que nous ne pouvoris pas permettre que. I'etudede telaSpect du probleme soit en retard sur I'etude de tel,autre. Ce qui m'a frappe dans les discours que nu ecoutes ce matin, .c'est -l'insistailce.cie8. delpC orateurs it declarer que ceprobleme. cons~ titriait un tout, qu'il p.'etaitpas possibled'en isoler certains aspects, et 'qu'il fallait l'exaniiD.er dans ses rapports ;:tvec les questions'plus v.astes du reglement des proble,mes d'apres guerre efde la securite collectiv~",(" .... ..,' . ' , n y a, toutefois,,:uhaspectpratique dda question que je ,voudrais·eXQquer brievement parce qu'il me semble avoir ca~ quelqueinquietuae. Il s'agit du probleme de la coordination. Cette coordination doit permettre d'6vite'r que nos 'tta- . vaux n'echappent it notre conti'ole; eUe doit'per:' mettre de lesfaire avancer avec methode etsimultanement~ comme le propo.sen( certaines .reso1utions. Ce.probleme nous paraitetre _pa~iculiere­ ment simple du fait que les'memes'membtes font w~rk. And even though GoverI!Il1en,ts might choose to have different ,representatives on'these bodies, the. co-ordination can be safely left in the hands of the Governments which will direct the policies of their representatives in. each of the bodies concerned. repres~ntants aupres des organismes interesses. Enresume; la delegation australienne est d'avis qu'on.'ne demande pas, ence moment, ~ chacun de nous de prenc4'e, des engagements en. ce qui concerne la politique qu'ilse ,propose, de suivre. Nous lie sommes paSappe1es, mailltenant, a prendre urie decision qui engagerait notre attitudedans I'avenir en fonnulant des projetsrelatifs au controle' de ,I'energie atomique, ou a la . teglementatiori et a la reduction des armemen~. : La $eulechQSe que l'on requieredenous ~D, ce moment est de mettre s).!r pied un mecant<,;rne et. de nousmunir des ()utils au moyt:n desqu(JS DOUS' pourrons batir. Maisnou& croyons sincercment, que, queUe que soit la mesure adoptee mainte-: Ila.nt par le. C.o~IlS-eil, e1le devra exprimer notre confiance mutuelle et notre acceptation' sans reserve des principes deja etablis. La delegation australienne est desireuse~ pour se conformer a la resolution de l'Assemblee generale, de poursuivre la tache qui nous a ete' confiee. Nous n'avancerons pas dans nos travaux en nous assodant isole:ment, soit a la delegation des Etats-, Unis d'Amerique,soifa celle de rUmon sovietique;noiIs'voulons agir avec ces deux pays en meme temps. Nous devons partircote acote, travailler cote a cote et :finir' cote a cote; il me sembleqix,'il n;y ~pas d'autre solution. Nous ne devons. paS nous pousser les uns les autres dans la voie du desannement~ nous'devons nous y, ~n.,. gager tous en ~emetemps.. . ' Pour tennirier, Monsieur·le President, je repeterai d'abord queleConseil'est tOlljQurs saisi de. la' r~lution''australierine et je 'me permettrai' aussi..de fail'e une suggestion avec l'espoir qu'eUe reIl.cgiJ,trt;i'a l'~ppi:obatiort de tous ,les membres duO Ce:::)Seil. Lorsqtie cett€~ cfiscussion ·sera terminee, peu1;--etre pourriez~vous, en votre qualite de President, inviter Jes.,auteurs des,resplutions qui; nous ,sont'soumises, a 8avoir, les repr~entants 'de To sum up, the Australian delegation takes the view that, at this stage, we are not required to,enter into commitments on policy. We are not being asked to take any action which may endanger our. future actions in formulating plans either, for.the control of atomic' energy or ·for the•regulation and reduction of armaments. It is only necessary for us, at this stage, to setup the machinery and to provide ourst"lves .With the tools with which 'we Gan build. But 'we do feel that whatever ~ction the Council· takes now' should fully express our'confidence in each other and our,adherence, without any reserve to the principles on'which we 'are'already agreed. We are anxious to push forwm:d, within the terms of the GericralAslremblyresoIlluon, With the work which we have been asked to per{i:irll.l. We do not feel that we cail go ahead in'that work either with the United States of America only or with the Soviet Union only; we wanttogQ ahead, with both of them together." \Ve have to start side by side, work side by side, arid finish side by side, and itseems to us 1:here is rio other way. We camiot push each other into disarma- . ; ment; we have to get into it together. _ In closing, Mr. President, ancl 'While repeating '" that the Australian.resolution 'is to ,be c6Ilsideted as stilIbefore this Council, I should like.to throw out' a suggestion in the' !tope that it may meet with the concurrence of members of the Council. 'The' suggeStion. is that," perhaps through your good offices as President, it ,pight .be p9ssible, after further discussion, for the authorS" of the various resolutions now before us-tJ,tatisto, say the representatives of the Soviet Union, of the United States of America, of France, of Colombia, and of Australia - .. tob~ bro~g~t together under your guidance, 'eith~~. ~fo!lnally. or ' inform.ally, to see 'Yheth~r, ~1.!t.of the various texts before them, it:mightnC!)t.~be:possible toprep.. e a common text which would enable us to mal~e thiS next decisive step~ , Sir Alexander CAnoGAN(United Kingdom): "I only want, at this stage, Uf make"one comment on die particular aspect'c.f the affair which is' now before't1'J. 'I believe that on 'one point.where ' there appears to'be ~difierence'betweencthe delegation of the United'States 'of":Am.~nea;and po~rront "se charger eux-memes du travail de coordination et donner des instructions a leurs l'Union~ovietique, deS Eta.tS-Unisd'Amerique, ne la Fiance; de la Coloiribie ·et de' rAust'ralie,. a se reunll: sous..votre direction; offidellement ou officieusemerit, pour essayer de'prepareruIl.-texte commun qui nouspermettrait de faire'un pas ded~if enavant. -..:"'-, ",".I .·"'7 ': ' .' Sir 'A1exartder-: c~()riAl'i'; (Royal;Ilne~iJirl),! (traduit de .l'anglais) :.Je 'd&ire' seule~ent pre-: senter une observati~n sur l'~pecf partiCu:n~r'de l'~ffa~e quinous·occupe en ce moment; Amon. avLs,)a divergebc~ d'op~pn 'QW eJdste s~iW1 pemf:,de Iaquemon entre la ;deIegation de:,;. • ~ll.the more do I feel that it should be the' duty of the Council committee to determine the term3 of referen~e. I feel strongly that the terms of ref<:rence should be settled not by the commis- D'une part, 'la comnnsslOn dn desarmement general que,1'on envisage de creer se composera . des membres du Conseil de securite. D'autrepart, le comite du Conseil de securitequi, d'apres la proposition de la delegation des Etats-Unis d'Amcrique, doit fixer le mandat de la commis., sion, se composera egalement d'un representant de chaque Etat membre du Consei1. Ces deux organismes seront composes de representants des • mernes pays et nous retrouverons,"je pense, a,'peu pres les memes personnes dans les deux. Ceseront surement les mem.es personnes dans riotre cas-.Qa~J1edhlference"-cela fera,=t-=ildonc?-:-Il.. ne" -, peut y avoir aucune perte de temps si Qnze personnes decident de prendre le 'nom de cQmmiS- .'lion et se reunissent'pour definir lerir mandat ou si ces memes onze personnes, ou a peu pres, pren~ nent le nom de comite du Conseil desecurite .:;t se reunissent pour examiner exactement la meme question. Si la commission devait etre creee immediatement et devait commencer sur l'heure a definir son mandat, je ne vois pas pourquoi elle accomplirait cette tache plus rapidement qu'un comite du Conseil. . , On dira peut-etre que s'il n'existe aucrine difrerence entre les deux organismes, pourquoi ne pas laisser a la commission le som de fixer son propre mandat? A cela, jerepondraiqu'a mon avis, il serait plus normal que le Conseil,siegeant Cl CV.lJ.dte, l-eglatcette qtiestionj:c:plutot·que· de laisser a la commission le soin de fixer ellememe son mandat: Cette procedureseraif pluS reguliere et plus correcte: voila la raison qui m'incite a adopter la resolution des Etats-Unis d'Amerique. Je le repHe, je me refuse a eroire qU'il puisse en resulter une perte de temps, puisque ,le comite et la commission qui etudieront la -question se composeront probablement desmemes personnes. Evidemment, si les deux organismes se composaient de personnes tres differentes, ce . serait, a fortiori~ aucomite' du Conseil qu'il'ap- - partiendrait de determiner les attributions de la commission~Je crois fermeIiJ.ent que cettetache incombenon a 1a conuriission elle-merrie, rilais auConseit' ' Mr. AUSTIN (United States of America) : I do not wish to reply now. If any further discussion of this mattexis to occur today, I should much prefer to make my reply tomorrow. If, on the other hand, the President is to carry out, the suggestion made by the representative of AUstralia, and call a meeting 'of the authors of the several resolutions, I wish it could be called tomorrow and not this afternoon, because once we start reconciling our views it would seem as though weottght to stay in session until we have finished and have reconciled them. Let' me repeat, in passing, what I said at the beginning of my statement': the Unit~d States has no vanity, no'pride of authorship; itis openminded and ready to come to a conclusion after considering carefully everybody's views as we have tried to do. What we have presented here is our opinion after making that study, but now, on review, we are just as open-minded as ever. What we are after is,the great objective of preventing war, and although this procedure that 'Ye are considering is a small thing compared to that great objective, the differences that appear to exist here are mere shadows of differences, and I still hope that b}' tomorrow there' may be no differences.

TQday's discussions have been very useful in clearing the ground and bringing points of view closer tog~ther. There may still be serious differences of opinion with regard to certain aspects of the problem of general disarmament; but the ~,'~ !mmediate, problem before us is to decide what .practical steps must be taken to enable the Security Council to carry out the task entrusted to it by the GeneralAzsembly. On that subject-,and mostrepreseritativeS,who have spoken made that clear-there is actually very little divergence of view among us. That being so, if you approve the Australian representative's suggestion, I shall get in touch tomorrow with the authors of the draft resolutions in an endeavour to establish a joint text likely to obtain, the unanimous approval of members' of the Council. The Council might meet again on Thursday,morning in order to take a decision on this subject, after which it would of course go on to consider the other questions on its agenda. If there is no objection to this procedure, I .shall take it that the Council has so decided. Mr. GROMYKO (Union 'of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): Mr. President, I have no objection if the majority ,of M. AUSTIN (Etats-Unis d'Amerique) (traduit de l'anglais): Je ne desire pas repondre maintenant., Si le Conseil decide de poursuivre la discussion aujourd'hui, je prefererais ne repond"'~ que demain. Si, d'autre part, le Presiden'j; ~_ range a l'avis du representant de l'Australie et convoque les auteurs des differentes resolutions, ; je voudrais quela reunion eftt lieu demain et non cet apres-midi; car lorsque nous aurons entrepris de concilier nos differents points de vue, il sera preferable, me semble-t-il, de. prolonger la seance jusqu'a ce que nous soyons parvenus a les conci- Jier effectivement. . Je voudrais, en passant, repeter ce que j'ai deja declare au debut de mon expose: les Etats-Unis n'ont aucune vanite d'auteur. C'est l'esprit libre et. sans parti pris qu'ils se prononceront sur la que.stion, apres avoir examine avec attention les opinions de chacun, comme nous avons essaye de le faire. Nous avons donne notre avis apres examen, - mais nonS sommes disposes a reexaminer les points de vue de chacun, l'esprit tout aussi libre. Eviter la gl.lerre; te1 est le but eIeve que nous nous proposons d'atteindre, mais, bien que la question de procedure que nous ~aminons en ce moment ait tres peu d'importance par rapport a la grandeur de notre but final, et que les divergences d'opinions qui semblent se faire jour ici soient plutot des semblants de divergences que des divergences reelles, j'espere que bientot,. demain peut-@tre, ces divergences auront disparu. . Le PRESIDENT': Les discussions d'aujourd'hui . ont tres utilement deblaye le terrain et rapproche les points de vue. n est possible que de serieuses divergences d'opinions subsistent sur certains aspects du probleme du desarmement general; mais la question immediate qui se pose est de savoir queUes sont les mesures pratiques a prendre pour que le Conseil de securite puisse accomplir la mission que l'AssembIee generale lui a confiee. Acet egard, et la plupart des orateurs qui ont pris la parok l'ont fait ressortir, il y a, en fait~ bien peu de divergences d'opinions entre nous. Des lors, si vous approuvez la·suggestion du representant de l'Australie, je me mettrai demain en rapport avec les auteurs des projets de resolution, afin d'essayer d'arriver a la redaction d'un texte commun qui puisse obtenir l'approbation unanime des membres du Conseil. Le Conseil pourrait·se reunir de nouveau jeudi matin en vue de statuer a ce sujet, apres quoi il passerait natureUement a l'exat••:n. des.autres questions ins- .crites a son ordre,du jour. S'il rty a .pas d'objection a cette procedure, il en sera ainsi decide. M. GROMYKO (Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques) (traduit du russe): Monsieur le' President, si la majorite des membres du ......... M. AUSTIN (Etats-Unis d'Amerique) (traduit de l'anglais) :Je crains qu'on ne m'ait pas bien compris. Peut-etre ne serait-il pas mauvais que j'etudie ces projets pendant deux jours encore. Mais je crois les connattre suffisamment bien pOUI' m'etre' fait une opinion, et je pourrais· prend...-e une decision immediatement si j'etais seul juge de la question. Je suis disposearepondre tout de suite auxobjections soulevees contre le paragraphe 2 par les representants de l'Union sovietique et de . l'AU8tralie. Mais il ne s'agit pas ici de nous livrer a des debats. Ce Conseil ne.siege pas pour donner au public le spectacle de joutes serrees, et je ne me laisserai pas entrainer a ce genre de discussion. Si le Conseil de securite desire poursuivre les debatssans plus chercher a concilier les opinions divergentes et prendre une decision aujourd'hui, j'y suis dispose; je m'efforcerai de repondre aux objections soulevees contre le paragraphe 2, car, a mon avis, elles ne tiennent absolument pas compte d'un des elements les plus impdrtants de la situation. Mais si nous voulons bien couper' court au spectacle et nous mettre en devoir.de nous entendre sur la question, la delegation des Etats-Unis est prefe a faire une tentative dans ce sens. Si le representant de l'Union sovietique desire sieger id toute la nuit, le representant des Etats-Unis est dispose a fournir le meme effort. Mais j'ai l'impression que nous aurons la tete plus reposee et l'esprit plus clair, et que nous prendrons des decisions plus sages, si nous n'essayons pas de poursuivre les deliberatiQns jusqu'a une heure tardive. Je crois qu'il ne serait pas sage d'eri decider autrement. Les seances du Conseil de securite devraient avoir lieu a des heures raisonnables, et etre sllspendues la nuit, non pour me faire plaisir ni pour me donner le temps d'etudier la question dont nous nous occupons, mais parce qu'il est sage a tout point de vue de ne pas poursuivre la discussion jusqu'a des heures tardives. Mr. AUSTIN (United States of America): I think I have been misunderstood. Perhaps it would do me good to take two days and study these drafts more than I have. Bu~ I think I am familiar enough with these drafts to haye an adequate opinion about them. to enable me·to arrive at a decision right now, if it were left to me. I am ready now to answer the objections to paragraph 2 raised by the Soviet Union and Australia. But our business is not debating. This Council is not sitting before the public to· entertain the public with keen debate, and I am not going to be engaged in that kind of discussion. n·.the Security Council wishes to continue, without any further attempt at reconciliation, to fight it out here today in debate, I am ready, and I will undertake to answer the objections made to paragraph 4, for I think that the objections h:lVe wholly ignored the most important factor in the situation. But, if there is a possibility of cutting out the show and getting down to an agreement in this matter, the United States delegation· is 'ready to. try to. agree. And if the :representative of the Soviet Union wants to sit here through the night to do this, the representative of the United States is willing to do so also. But I apprehend that we shall have clearer heads and calmer minds and shall arrive at wiser decisions if we do not attempt to continue the meetings of the Security Council late into the night. I think it unwise to try to do business on. that basis, and we should undertake to conduct the hearings of the Security Council within reasonable hours and stop for a recess overnight, not to please me or to afford me time in which to study what is before us, but because I think it is wise from every point of view not to carry these meetings into the night. J'ai ecoute attentivement la derniere declaration de M. Austin; sans doute, veut-il, lui aussi, reflechir d'ici demain a certaines questions. C'est pourquoi jen'aipas l'intention d'insister pour qu'une decision soit prise aujourd'hui. Nous pouvons l'ajourner a demain. questio~. That is what I said. It turns out to be otherwise. Mr. Austin considers that we should postpone a'deciSion on this matter <!Dd should not take it at the present meeting on account of the late hour. I am ready to agree that this reason is also rather valid. It is certainly better to work on this question when ;we have clear heads. •

We ha:ve before Us five draft resolutions. I think that' if we attempted to come to a decjsion or take a vote today, we should' not obtain .an entirely satisfactory result reflecting the rapprochement which' has become evident in the cotU'Se of this discussion. ' That is why I think th~t oiir Australian colleague's. suggestion is wise, and I invite the CounciLto support it. ,:lt,l$ JUlder&toodthat.the,proposed meeting of the authors of the draft resolution would be an unofficial. meeting, to .give -the President the opportunity of getting in touch with them. I note with pleasure that neither the representative of· the Union·of Soviet Socialist Republics nor that of' the United States of America has opposed it, and I think I may conclude that the Security Council, as a whole, is in favour of the suggestion. Mr. Quo Tai-chi (China): Before we ad~ jourIi, I should like to say a few words to explain the position of the Chinese delegation in regard to this question. I At the last meeting, or rather when I last __ spoke on this subject at the ninety-second meeting/ I said I would introducea resolution in the light of the remarks I had 'then made: Now, I think we have~eady five resolutions before'the Council..•Wl@e ..the views of my delegation, as then e.xpressed, have:: riot changed, my intention of introducing a resolution has. I think that by not introducing a resolution I shall remain in good company, the company of the' majority of the Council. I am the more inclfued not to introduce a new resolution in view of the revised resolution of the United States of America which the Uhited States representative introduced this ,morning, because in this revised res()lution sufficientproper emphasis, to our mind, is given to the importance of the problem'ofintemational atomic control. - In my remarks, on'that last occasion, I spe- . cially emphasized' the obvious importa,nce, indeed the. priority, which the General Assembly Mais ilparait que ce n'est pas de cela qu'u. · s'agit. M. Aus!~n estime, en efIet, que c'est en raison de l'heure avancee qu'ilfaut s'ab~tenirde : prendre une decision aujourd'hui, et qu'il faut : l'ajolirner. J'admets quecette raison-la est egalement valable. 11 est certainement preferable de discuter de cette question a tete reposee. Le PRESIDENT: Nous sommes en presence de cinq projets de resolution. Je pense que si nous voulionS statuer ou proceder a un :vote aujour- · d'hui, nous n'obtiendrionspas un resultat pleinement satisfaisant et qui correspondlt au rapprochement qui s'est matrifeste au cours de · la presente.discussion. C'est pourquoi je considere que la suggestion faite par notre collegue d'Australie est sage, et j'invite le Conseil a s'y rallier. Ilestentendu que la reunion envisagee des auteurs de projets de resolutionsseraitunereuhion ; offieieuse1 qui devrait fournir au President l'occa- · sion de prendre contact avec eux. Je constate ,d'ailleurs avec plaisir que ni le representant de rUnion des. RepubIiques socialistes sovietiques, hi celui des Etats-Unis d'Amerique ne s'y sont opposes, et je crois pouvoir en condure que'le Conseil de securite, dans son ensemble, est favorable a cette suggestion. M. Quo Tai-chi (Chine) (traduit de ['anglais) : Avant qe nous ajourner, je voudrais preciser en quelques mots la position prise par la delegation de la Chine dans cette affaire. Au cours de la derniere seance, ou plutot la, derniere fois que j'ai pris la parole ace sujet lors de la quatre-vingt-douzieme seance'", j'ai annonce mon intention de deposer une resolution confbrme aux'observations que j'avais faites. Or, si je ne tne trompe, le Conseil a deja ete saisi de cinq resolutions. Le point de vue de ma delegation n'a pas change, mais j'ai abandonnel'idee de soumettre une resolution. Je crois qu'en m'abstenant, je resterai en bonne compagnie, puisque je me rangerai parmi la majorite des membres du Conseil. Je suis d'autant plus endin a ne pas saisir le Conseil d'une resolution' que., dans la resolution modifiee qu'ils ont presentee ce matin, les Etats-Unis d'Amerique ont, a notre avis, suflisamment mis en vedette l'importance du probleme du confrole international de l'energie atomique. , La derniere 'fois que j'ai pris la parole, j'ai solIligne l'importance evidente, la priorite meme, que l'Assemblee ,generale avait accordee, dans I should alSo like to support the motion which the Australian representative has made-namely, that all the five .delegations which introduced proposals on this subject should meet and try to reduce their differences and reach a common agreement. And I hope that the spirit which -animated the production of this revised United 'States-proposal will similarly animate all the five delegations concerned in their efforts to reacha.common agreement, as in their efforts "td appreciate each other's viewpoint, so that we can have a common resolution as the basis of ourfurtherdiscussion. Mr. ZURAYK (Syria): I should like to say just a few words to stress one aspect of the discussion of this problem-namely, the question of· the implementation of Article 43 of the Charter. Thisquestion is implied, perhaps, both in the - resolution of the.United States of America and in that of· the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics._It is expressed -a little more clearly in the resolutions presented by the Australian and French delegations. In the view of our delegation, this is a very important and 'fundamental element in the dIscussioIJ. of this problem. We believe that the carry4lg out of proposals for agreements with the Security Council regarding the maintenance of forces to assure international peace and security is very essential, both -from the point of view of the regulation of armaments, since the commission on _disarmament is going to study ~his question, and also in order to spread further that spirit of confidence which is necessary to implement the General Assembly resolution on disarmament. As a matter of fact, paragraph 7 of the General Assembly resolution says: "The General Assembly, regarding· the problem of security as closely connected with that of dis- . armament, recommends the Security Council to ' accelerate as much as possible the placing at its " disposal of the armed forces mentioned in Article 43 of the Charter". , The Military Staff Committee has been given this t~sk;and we hope that" in the resolution that"is. to come olit of this general discussion between the authors of the resolutions, this element pf th~,~si~u!lltion will be expressed as clearly as ,possible., M the" representative of a small Power, I should like to' say. that, to us, this is a very ........ M. ZURAYK (Syrie)- (traduit de l'anglais): Je voudrais simplement souligner l'importance d'un des aspects de ce pmbleme, asavoir la mise en application de l'Article 43. de la Charte. La resolution des Etats-Unis d'Amerique et celle de I'Union des Republiques socialistes sovietiques font, je crois, toutes deux allusions' a cette question. Dans leurs'resolutions, les. delegations de l'Australie et de la France s'expriment ace sujet en tennes un peuplus precis. Notre delegation estime qu'il s'agit la d'un aspect tresimportant, fondamental meme, du probleme qui nous occupe. A notre avis, i1 e&t essentiel de donner suite auxprojetsd'accords avec le Conseil de securite en ce qui concerne l'entretien de forces armees en vue du mairltien de la paix et de la securite intemationales.·Cette question est a etudierd'abord sous l'angle de la reglementation des armements,question que la commission du desarmement va. mettre a l'etude etensuite, -pour repandre davantageencQrC::,c,et esprit de confiance si necessaire a l'application de la resolution de l'AssembIee generale sur le desarmement.En effet, il est stipule au paragr~p~'7 de cette resolution que "1'AssembIeegenerale, considerant le probleme de· la· securit~ comme etroitement lie a celui du desa.rmement~ recommande au Conseil de securite de hater dans toute la mesure du possiB~lami~ea SadlSPQsition des forces anneesvisees a I'.ArticIe43 de la Charte". On a confie cette tache au Comite d'etat':' major; nous; esperonsque la resolution qui se degagera de-la discussion generale entre Ies auteurs de la resolution de l'Assemblee mettra en evidence_aussiclairement.que possible cet aspect du probleme.En qualite de representant d'une petite Puissance, permettez-moi-de dire qu~,pour . H I were called upon to act right now, tonight, what I should favour 'would be a request by 'the Security Council addressed to the Military Staff Committee calling upon them for information without delay as to how soonthe -Security Council could expect a report and tecoIllmendationS from the Military Staff Com- ;mittee ·according to the directive of 1 February 1946. They already have the directive. In other words, when we'get on to that ground, we find a subject which should be handled quietly, informally and with· dueresp!::<:t,' lnsidethis .committee .which is· provided for in paragraph 2. That is one reason for having this committeeset up. There are other reasons to which I shall refer later. But, of course,itisourintc~ntionthat this subject should be dealt with kindly, fairly, and reasonably, and in accordance with the realism' of the situation. We have taken certain steps, and we'must, as I see it, be consistent and catty on in the direction in which we started on 1·February 1946.1 The' PRESIDENT (translated from French): If no representative wishes to speak, I shall re- . gard the Australian representative's proposal as ' adopted. 1 First Ifleeting of the Military Staff Committee. See Of!!cial Records of.the Se.curity Council, First Year, ,First Senes, second meeting. Le PRESIDENT: Si personne ne demande la parole, je considererai que la suggestion du re- presentant .de l'Australie est adoptee. 1 Premiere seance du Comite d'etat-major. Voir Proc2s- verbaux officiels du Conseil de securiM.Premiere Annee, Premihe Sene. deuxieme seance. . "~"