S/PV.9943 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representative of Libya to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite Ms. Hanna Serwaa Tetteh, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Libya and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya, to participate in this meeting. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I now give the floor to Ms. Tetteh. Ms. Tetteh: If I may, I wish all the female members of the Council and all diplomats a happy International Day of Women in Diplomacy. I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate you, Madam President, on Guyana’s presidency of the Council for the month of June and to thank you for your flexibility in rescheduling this meeting. I am pleased to inform Council members that, on 20 June, the Berlin process International Follow-up Committee on Libya (IFCL) met in Berlin under the auspices of the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), reconvening for the first time after a hiatus of four years. The meeting marked a significant shift towards reinvigorating international coordination on Libya and consolidating international support for United Nations efforts in advancing a political process. I would like to express my appreciation to the Federal Foreign Office of Germany for its leadership and support and to all the members of the IFCL for their commitment to supporting UNSMIL’s efforts to relaunch an inclusive political process and for their constructive participation. The meeting was attended by 19 member States and three regional organizations. Participants urged efforts to strengthen the truce that is currently in effect in Tripoli, recognized the work of the advisory committee in outlining viable pathways to addressing contentious issues that had the potential to impede efforts to develop a new political road map for the holding of elections and supported the four working groups  — the political, security, economic, and human rights and international humanitarian law working groups. They also agreed to convene regularly to coordinate and channel international support for the United Nations-facilitated political process. Cohesive international support is indispensable, as Libya is again at a critical juncture in its efforts to achieve the overall objective of strengthening democracy and moving towards electing a Government that will unify State institutions, promote good governance and be accountable to its citizens. Since my most recent briefing, on 16 May, in the immediate aftermath of armed clashes in Tripoli, UNSMIL engaged extensively with the Government of National Unity, key political and security actors, community and tribal leaders, notables, civil society representatives and Member States with influence on the ground in order to prevent further violence. Our engagement was specifically to seek support to preserve the fragile truce that had been reached on 14 May and to develop mechanisms to facilitate a de-escalation of tensions in order to prevent further clashes and ensure the protection of civilians. The armed clashes that erupted in Tripoli in May resulted in civilian deaths and injuries and damage to critical civilian infrastructure, including hospitals, universities and a prison. Despite several distress calls, no humanitarian corridors were secured by the parties involved in the clashes. Those incidents underscore the shortcomings of security actors in adhering to international humanitarian and human rights law. Following the clashes, there have been ongoing demonstrations, but I would like to commend State security forces for facilitating, for the most part, peaceful protests and I continue to emphasize the need to allow that to happen and to protect civilians. Following the clashes, I am particularly alarmed by the discovery of mass graves in the Abu Salim area. Emerging evidence indicates grave human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings, torture and enforced disappearances, that were allegedly committed by State security actors, notably the Stability Support Apparatus. The presence of charred remains, unidentified bodies in morgues and a suspected unofficial detention site at the Abu Salim zoo underscores the scale and gravity of the abuses. These incidents highlight the urgent need for security reform rooted in human rights and for independent access to all detention facilities. While national committees have been announced, an independent investigative mechanism is also important to help to ensure truth, justice and accountability and that that practice does not continue. There are reports of continued build-up and fears among many Libyans that armed clashes may resume. The Government of National Unity describes the events of May as law enforcement operations against criminals, aimed at enforcing judicial orders issued by the Libyan Attorney General with the goal of upholding the rule of law and holding individuals accountable for grave crimes. That would also have the impact of consolidating State control over security actors. However, we have noted that dynamics have developed and narratives have emerged that risk pitting cities and neighbourhoods within western Libya against one another, threatening social cohesion and fomenting a potential further escalation. The continued inflow of weapons into Tripoli has led to the proliferation of heavy arms and weapons depots in densely populated civilian areas, posing serious risks to civilian lives. There is also growing concern that further instability will draw in eastern security actors and undermine the 2020 ceasefire agreement. It is clear that those clashes and the risks they pose in the country underscore the need for security sector reform, as well as unified, professional military and security institutions. UNSMIL will continue to work to advance a security track in collaboration with key stakeholders. We urge all political and security actors to refrain from provocative rhetoric and actions that would serve only to deepen the lack of trust and undermine all the de-escalation efforts being made to sustain the fragile truce. This is not the time The large-scale demonstrations that followed the May clashes reflect public mistrust and frustration. Those recent developments further affirm UNSMIL’s long- standing position that the status quo is unsustainable and underscore the urgent need to advance the UNSMIL-facilitated political process. Following the conclusion of the work of the advisory committee on 5 May and the publication of the executive summary of its report on 20 May, UNSMIL launched a series of nationwide consultations on the committee’s proposed options. The objective of those consultations is to facilitate a nationwide, inclusive public debate about how best to overcome the political impasse and gather Libyan views on the four options proposed by the advisory committee. In addition to engaging with key political and security leaders, the Mission has met with representatives from municipalities, political parties, elders and notables, social councils, members of civil society, youth, women, cultural and linguistic components and persons with disabilities. So far, consultations have taken place in Tripoli, Benghazi, Misrata, Nalut, Zawiya and Zintan, and there have also been meetings with interlocutors travelling from other areas in southern Libya, including Sabha, to engage with UNSMIL in Tripoli. Earlier this month, an online poll was launched to reach the wider Libyan public. To expand outreach further, additional consultations are ongoing, and our objective is to complete those outreach efforts over the next month. Across the diverse backgrounds and political views that were expressed, there is a clear and unified message that has so far emerged. Many Libyans are deeply disillusioned with the prolonged transitional periods and have lost confidence in the current institutions and leadership, doubting their willingness to put the national interests above their own. There is a strong desire for a political process that promotes public participation, gives them an opportunity to elect their leadership and delivers a government with a clear mandate that will create the opportunity for genuine and visible change. They aspire to have the mandate of both the executive and the legislature renewed and to have one Government and unified institutions, including military and security institutions. More than anything else, they want accountable governance that restores legitimacy and reflects the will of the people. Inputs from those consultations will serve as a basis to forge a consensus-based road map towards national elections and the reunification of institutions. UNSMIL intends to present a time-bound and politically pragmatic road map reflecting the Libyan people’s demand for tangible change with the goal of ending transitional processes. I hope to present that road map to the Security Council for endorsement during my next briefing. I urge all parties to engage in good faith and to be ready to forge consensus on that road map. We need all political actors to exhibit the willingness to negotiate, compromise and work in close collaboration with UNSMIL towards undertaking the necessary legislative reforms and administrative actions to facilitate the process. We will also need to agree on clear milestones with a definite timeline towards holding elections that will create the basis for the next government to have a clear mandate that derives from the people of Libya and that is inclusive of all parts of the country — tribes, cultural components, women, young people and people with disabilities  — through their participation in the political process as candidates, campaigners and political activists in an atmosphere that is free of violence and political intimidation. Unequivocal support from the Security Council, including its readiness to take measures against those obstructing the political process or actively instigating violence and criminality, will be critical and reassuring to all Libyans. To date, there is no agreement on a unified budget, and that is continuing to put increased pressure on the Central Bank. Moreover, with divided institutions and in the absence of agreement on spending or a budget, unilateral fiscal decisions risk destabilizing an already precarious financial situation. To that end, the House of Representatives’ deliberation on 3 June of a 69 billion Libyan dinar, three-year budget for the Libyan Development and Reconstruction Fund would be troubling if approved. It has prompted concerns across the political spectrum, not only for its questionable sustainability, but also for the perceived lack of transparency and procedural legitimacy in the approval process. If implemented, such an expansionary fiscal measure risks undermining the Central Bank’s ability to stabilize the exchange rate and contain inflation. In the context of rising public debt, persistent deficits and growing pressure on Libya’s reserves, all public spending must be grounded in a balanced, unified and legally sound national budget, developed transparently and in close coordination among the relevant institutions. Equally important is protecting the independence and integrity of Libya’s oversight institutions. In that regard, I welcome the agreement of 24 April, facilitated by UNSMIL, on the technical unification of the eastern and western branches of the National Audit Bureau and urge its speedy implementation. The outbreak of armed conflict in mid-May temporarily disrupted United Nations development and humanitarian operations in Tripoli. That disruption was further exacerbated by the continued suspension of activities by international non-governmental organizations in the western region. We urge the Government of National Unity to facilitate the full resumption of humanitarian operations, particularly those led by international non-governmental organizations, which play a critical role in supporting vulnerable groups, including Libyan women and children. In May, the House of Representatives reviewed the draft law on the protection of women against violence. I welcome that development as a step towards safeguarding women’s rights and urge a swift revision and adoption of that legislation. I know that there were Libyans who were looking forward to the announcement of a road map today in the light of the political tensions that we have seen. We also note the calls from many Libyans during our public engagements for UNSMIL to act swiftly to facilitate a Libyan-led and Libyan-owned political process that leads to credible elections and unified institutions. I would like to be clear that we fully intend to do so with the support of all relevant stakeholders, but we believe that this should be done through a consultative process. UNSMIL will intensify its engagement in the coming weeks, building on the momentum generated by the Berlin meeting. I am encouraged by the vibrant and engaged responses of the Libyan stakeholders and the broader public to the advisory committee’s proposals. That represents a vital step towards ensuring that the views of the people of Libyan are meaningfully reflected in shaping the country’s future. I extend my gratitude to the advisory committee, for diligently undertaking that important task, and to my team and UNSMIL, for all their support. I count on the continued support of the Council.

I thank Ms. Tetteh for her briefing. Dame Barbara Woodward (United Kingdom): May I join you and Special Representative of the Secretary-General Tetteh in wishing everybody a happy International Day of Women in Diplomacy. I would also like to thank Special Representative Tetteh for her very informative briefing and for the work she and her team have been doing. I will make three points today. First, the United Kingdom is deeply concerned by the recent violence and clashes in Tripoli. We urge all parties to exercise restraint and engage constructively in mediation efforts to prevent further escalation. Those clashes underscore the fragility of Libya’s security landscape and the urgent need for sustainable political progress. Secondly, I want to echo the Special Representative’s remarks and welcome the renewed commitment shown at the International Follow-up Committee on Libya in Berlin on 20 June. We are concerned at Libya’s trajectory, particularly the worsening political and economic conditions. Those trends threaten the country’s stability, sovereignty and unity. We therefore fully support the efforts of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) to improve international coordination in support of the United Nations-facilitated political process. Thirdly, the United Kingdom welcomes the valuable work of the advisory committee on technical options for elections pathways. Now, as Special Representative Tetteh engages stakeholders to devise a political road map, we call on all Libyan actors to engage meaningfully with UNSMIL as it moves into the next stage of the process. Our message is clear — now is the opportunity for Libyan actors to shape the future of the political process towards a peaceful, stable and prosperous Libya. In conclusion, we recognize the importance of creating conditions that ultimately enable national elections to be conducted safely, inclusively and credibly. Forthcoming municipal elections provide an opportunity for Libyan institutions and security actors to demonstrate their commitment to that goal. This is an opportunity for Libyans to exercise their democratic rights and shape local governance. It is essential that all actors work to foster an environment in which democratic practice can take root and be sustained.

I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the three African members of the Security Council plus one (A3+), namely Guyana, Sierra Leone, Somalia and my own country, Algeria. I want to join my voice in congratulating all women diplomats on the International Day of Women in Diplomacy. We thank Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), Hanna Tetteh, for her insightful briefing and we reaffirm our support for her duty in the service of the Libyan people. We also welcome the participation of the representative of Libya in this meeting. Two months ago, we addressed the Council (see S/PV.9900) to warn of the increasing fragility of the situation in Libya, in which years of political paralysis continue to cast a long shadow over the country. Today, we meet again against the backdrop of alarming developments in the capital, Tripoli, following renewed armed clashes in mid-May that have posed serious risks and underscored the urgency of finding a sustainable path forward. We emphasize the urgent need for dialogue and the restoration of State authority, urging an end to all armed activities outside legal frameworks. We welcome the Presidential Council’s steps to de-escalate tensions, including the creation of a truce On the political front, we take note of the UNSMIL advisory committee’s recommendations, and we urge all Libyan stakeholders to engage constructively with the Mission. We call for a credible, Libyan-owned and Libyan-led political process, supported by the United Nations, that leads to free and fair national elections and the unification of Libya’s institutions. We also acknowledge the convening, in Berlin, on 20 June of this year, of the International Follow-up Committee on Libya, which focused on advancing the political track and preserving the ceasefire. Guyana, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Algeria are deeply concerned about Libya’s worsening economic crisis, aggravated by the absence of a unified budget and poor governance. We note that Libya plans to open 22 areas for oil exploration for the first time in nearly two decades. It is essential that that process be conducted in a transparent manner that benefits the Libyan people, and only the Libyan people. In addition, the A3+ express grave concern over the continued erosion of Libya’s frozen assets due to mismanagement and an outdated United Nations sanctions framework. We stress the urgent need for the Council to adopt calibrated reforms that promote the growth of the Libyan sovereign fund. We also call for the full and timely implementation of paragraph 14 of resolution 2769 (2025), which authorizes the Libyan Investment Authority to reinvest its frozen cash reserves. Those assets should be preserved to benefit the Libyan people at a later stage. The recent military clashes on the triangular border between Libya, the Sudan and Egypt highlight the growing risk of the regional spillover of the conflict, with Libya becoming a battlefield for proxy wars. In that regard, we reiterate our call for an end to all external interference in Libya’s affairs. We also demand the unconditional and immediate withdrawal of all foreign forces, all foreign fighters and all mercenaries from Libyan territory. Libya’s unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity must be respected. At the same time, the A3+ underscores the crucial role of Libya’s neighbours in fostering stability and promoting reconciliation, in close consultation with the United Nations and the African Union. Without a political solution, Libya’s situation grows more fragile, slipping deeper into uncertainty with each day that passes in the absence of a political solution — every silence a burden on its people, every delay a missed opportunity. The dream of democracy, declared in this very Chamber more than a decade ago, now lingers as a distant echo. We therefore urge the Security Council to assume its historical responsibilities by standing with Libya and empowering its people to shape the brighter future that they truly deserve.

Let me join you, Madam President, and others in marking the International Day of Women in Diplomacy. Those of us here today definitely stand on the shoulders of some real trailblazers. I also want to thank Special Representative of the Secretary-General Tetteh for her insightful briefing and welcome the representative of Libya to our meeting today. As the recent violence in Tripoli starkly demonstrated, the situation in Libya remains fragile. The current momentum, facilitated by the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), must be seized for real political progress to pave the way for a unified, stable and sovereign Libya. Allow me to raise three points. First, Denmark underscores the importance of stabilizing the security situation in Libya. What is needed is sustained political dialogue on the way forward, and we Secondly, competition over resources and political disagreements continue to hinder efforts to ensure investments in infrastructure to withstand the impact of climate change. As was evident during the 2023 flood in Derna, which was caused by Storm Daniel, rivalry over State authority has a very clear impact on Libya’s vulnerability to climate-induced disasters. Responsible investments in climate-resilient infrastructure, including the modernization of dams, is needed to avert future devastating catastrophes. We call for the Council to remain vigilant to the urgent climate-related security challenges in Libya and for the parties to expedite agreement on a national budget. Thirdly, we express our profound concern about the recent discovery of bodies and evidence of widespread human rights violations in areas of Tripoli previously controlled by the Stability Support Apparatus. As highlighted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, those findings include suspected instruments of torture and abuse and potential evidence of extrajudicial killings. We reiterate the call by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights for immediate accountability for those atrocities. The sites must be sealed, with prompt, independent, impartial and transparent investigations carried out by the Libyan authorities. The United Nations should also be granted access as part of its mandate to document human rights violations. There can be no impunity for such crimes. Justice for the victims must be pursued. In conclusion, the path forward for Libya requires genuine national unity, deeply rooted in transitional justice and unwavering accountability for past and present abuses. It is our shared responsibility to ensure that those who have committed crimes are held responsible and that the fundamental rights and aspirations of all Libyans are protected and fulfilled. The international community must remain united in supporting a truly Libyan-led and Libyan-owned inclusive political process that delivers lasting peace and stability for all Libyans.

I want to join others in congratulating you, Madam President, Special Representative of the Secretary-General Tetteh, our woman colleagues on the Council and all women diplomats on the International Day of Women in Diplomacy. We cherish working together for a better world, and we need their wisdom more than ever before. I want to thank Special Representative Tetteh for her briefing and updates on the latest developments in Libya, and I welcome the representative of Libya to the meeting. We share the deep concern of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and others around this table about the recent rapid deterioration and the escalation of violence in Libya, which resulted in civilian casualties and serious damage to Several aspects of recent clashes pose serious cause for concern. The proliferation of heavy weaponry and its use in densely populated areas was especially alarming. It exposes the critical need to uphold the United Nations arms embargo and its implementation mechanisms. We were also disturbed by reports of the use of unnecessary force against protestors in Tripoli. All actors have a responsibility to uphold international humanitarian law. At the same time, Libyans’ rights to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly must be ensured. A thriving civic space is especially critical in any pre-electoral period. Furthermore, the discovery of mass graves at several locations in Tripoli in the aftermath of the clashes is deeply shocking. We urgently call for full access to those sites to be given to the competent authorities and for investigations to be undertaken in line with international standards, to ensure accountability. The recent escalation teaches us that the status quo in Libya is neither acceptable nor sustainable, a point that was also stressed by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General today. There can be no return to violence. Recent regional flare-ups along Libya’s borders are also concerning. The need for the unification of State institutions, including the military apparatus, and for the withdrawal of all foreign fighters, foreign forces and mercenaries from Libya is as critical as ever. The ceasefire agreement of October 2020 must be implemented in all its aspects. As many experiences have proven throughout history, sometimes from moments of darkness come glimpses of opportunity. We hope that Libyan actors can now take this opportunity to come together, to set aside narrow interests and to revive an inclusive political process which is Libyan-led and -owned and can take the country to long-overdue national elections. Slovenia welcomes the recent publication of the report and the recommendations of the advisory committee and the ongoing consultations with Libyan actors, including Libyan civil society, women and youth. The feedback of Libyans themselves on those options is crucial towards the establishment of a road map. We also welcome the convening in Berlin last week of the International Follow-up Committee on Libya, co-hosted with Germany. We reiterate our full support for UNSMIL and Special Representative Tetteh, as she charts a path forward and reinvigorates international commitment to overcoming the political impasse in Libya. We encourage all stakeholders to put their weight fully behind those efforts and to end the cycle of violence and instability once and for all.

At the outset, allow me to add the voice of France, which takes pride in its feminist diplomacy, on this International Day of Women in Diplomacy. I thank Special Representative of the Secretary-General Hanna Tetteh for her briefing and welcome the presence of the Permanent Representative of Libya in our meeting. I will make three observations. Secondly, those serious clashes make clear that the status quo in Libya is untenable. There is an urgent need to revive the political process with a clear road map and timetable towards a new unified Government that is capable of leading the country to elections. That is the optimal solution for ensuring Libya’s unity, stability and sovereignty. France welcomes in that regard the recommendations of the advisory committee established under the auspices of UNSMIL. The Special Representative has our full support to forge ahead with reviving the political process, as part of the consultative process announced this morning. We underscored as much at the meeting of the International Follow-up Committee on Libya in Berlin on 20 June. Our collective support for the efforts of the United Nations is critical. France calls on all Libyan and international stakeholders to cooperate with the Special Representative and to overcome their divisions in the best interests of the Libyan people. Thirdly, the revival of the political process must go hand in hand with progress in the economic and security spheres. It is necessary to ensure the transparency and accountability of economic and financial institutions and to guarantee the independence of audit and oversight institutions. It is crucial to put an end to the infiltration of militias in those spheres and to corruption and trafficking, which are proliferating in disregard of the Council’s resolutions. The country’s resources must be returned to the citizens of Libya. When it comes to security, there is a need to reunify the regular military and security institutions. The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration plan must be implemented forthwith in order to end the presence of armed groups and militias, in particular in the capital. The implementation of the plan for the withdrawal of foreign forces, foreign fighters and mercenaries from Libyan territory is crucial to guaranteeing Libya’s sovereignty. France will continue to stand with Libya to help the country to restore its unity, stability and sovereignty.

To begin with, our congratulations extend to all colleagues and our tribute goes especially to all women in diplomacy — past and present — on this International Day. We would like to thank Special Representative of the Secretary-General Hanna Tetteh for her detailed briefing. We appreciate her proactive and inclusive approach to promoting peace and stability in Libya, and we take note of the multifaceted challenges confronting Libya that she has highlighted and the sense of optimism that she has expressed. We would also like to welcome the participation of the Permanent Representative of Libya in today’s meeting. Pakistan notes with satisfaction some of the recent positive steps on the political and security horizon in Libya, such as the holding of the first phase and preparations for the second phase of municipal elections; the recommendations from the advisory committee on the possible future paths towards conducting elections; the increased interaction among various political stakeholders; and the collaboration between the eastern and the western military and security institutions for securing the country’s borders. The holding of the meeting of the International Follow-up Committee on Libya in Berlin on 20 June is also a welcome development. Having said that, Pakistan, like other Council members, is concerned about the clashes that erupted in Tripoli in May and those reported earlier this month, as well as the fragile truce that is currently holding. Against that background, allow me to emphasize five points. Secondly, while the truce is holding in Tripoli, the security situation remains fragile. We encourage all Libyan stakeholders to address the outstanding issues through inclusive national dialogue with support from the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL). In that regard, we welcome the establishment of the truce committee under the Presidential Council for facilitating a permanent ceasefire. Thirdly, while acknowledging the efforts by UNSMIL to seek views on recommendations of the advisory committee from relevant parties, we see the need to address the absence of a definite road map for the political reconciliation process and the unification of institutions. Open-ended processes will not encourage the relevant stakeholders to act with a sense of urgency, hence the need to set timelines. We therefore welcome the Special Representative’s intention to present a road map for the Council’s consideration. In addition, the political reconciliation process should provide peace dividends to all citizens and prioritize securing an equitable distribution of national resources. Fourthly, Pakistan believes that an early agreement on a unified national budget would benefit the Libyan people and lead to improvements in overall governance, leading to stability and socioeconomic development. Similarly, frozen Libyan assets held abroad must be safeguarded and reinvested exclusively for the benefit of the Libyan people at a later stage. Lastly, the international community must continue to support Libya in its journey towards peace, reconciliation and national unity. Enhanced coordination between the United Nations, regional organizations and concerned countries will be crucial to sustaining momentum and fostering a durable political solution. In conclusion, Pakistan stands in solidarity with the people of Libya and will continue to contribute actively to the United Nations efforts to promote peace and stability in Libya.

As we celebrate the International Day of Women in Diplomacy, I salute you, Madam President, and all other female colleagues around this table and in this Chamber and beyond for their tireless efforts, commitment, dedication and cooperation. I would also like to thank in particular the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Libya, Hanna Tetteh, for her detailed briefing and to excuse myself for not being able to be present at the beginning of the meeting to listen to her directly. Since our most recent meeting (see S/PV.9900), the situation in Libya has been marked by an escalation of violence in Tripoli, with reports of intense fighting with heavy weaponry in densely populated areas, as well as disturbing reports of civilian casualties and destruction, followed by massive public protests. The Security Council expressed its deep concern about those violent incidents and called on all parties to protect civilians from violence and to hold those responsible accountable. The risk of new hostilities is non-negligible, because the underlying drivers of conflict are not yet resolved. Greece welcomes the critical and constructive involvement of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Libya in the de-escalation of tensions. We sincerely hope that the atmosphere of high tensions is diffused and that the situation of chaos, once an ominous possibility, will be averted. Amid those tensions, the UNSMIL-facilitated deliberation by an advisory committee of Libyan experts and the dissemination of its report is a significant step towards reviving an inclusive political process leading the country to elections. Free and fair elections are key to a freer, democratic Libya. In that vein, we welcome the holding of the recent meeting of the International Follow-up Committee on Libya of the Berlin process in Berlin after more than four years. Gathering international support for UNSMIL’s efforts to facilitate the political process is crucial. Equally crucial is the expansion of the format of the meeting without intentional exclusions in order to include neighbouring countries and interested parties that contribute positively to the political process in Libya. That is all the more so, since there are current efforts aimed at further increasing relations with Libya on all aspects of bilateral economic and political cooperation, as well as bilateral cooperation on energy. For our part, we are ready to engage in a fruitful dialogue to address all issues with our Libyan interlocutors, and we count on their productive stance and their declared intentions to also engage in dialogue on all issues of common interest, including maritime zones delimitation. Counterproductive statements or actions obviously lead in the opposite direction. The last thing we need right now is another source of tension in our region in these turbulent times. We urge UNSMIL to engage with relevant stakeholders on all critical challenges relating to the political process, and we call on all parties to fully support UNSMIL’s mediation and good offices efforts. We should collectively push all key Libyan players to engage with the United Nations in order to make progress on the political process. After all, the Mission plays a key role in promoting peace and fostering an inclusive political process towards a better future for Libya. In parallel, an agreement on a balanced and unified budget, with a strong oversight mechanism, remains equally important. Libya’s economic governance cannot be exercised effectively without the transparent and equitable uses of resources for the benefit of the Libyan people. As the security situation remains fragile, the need for the withdrawal of all foreign forces, regular and irregular, as well as mercenaries, from Libyan soil is becoming even more evident. The present situation is not conducive to stability or the advancement of the political process in Libya. Furthermore, continuing violations of international law, including human rights law, in combination with the persistent lack of accountability, cannot be overlooked. A reformed criminal justice system, ensuring the rights of detainees and holding the perpetrators of violations accountable, is essential for Libya’s future. Another recent decision by the President of the Presidential Council, the decision to establish a temporary Human Rights Committee with the participation of UNSMIL to monitor the conditions in prisons and combat extrajudicial detentions and abuses, is also a welcome development. Libya’s stability is crucial for the control of migration flows, an issue that remains important for the European Union (EU) and especially its members with maritime borders in the Mediterranean. In 2025, there has been a major increase in illegal flows from eastern Libya to Greece, mainly from Tobruk towards Crete. The implementation of the Council’s decisions on sanctions remains a challenge, particularly when it comes to the implementation of the United Nations arms embargo on Libya through the EU Naval Force Mediterranean Operation IRINI. We must acknowledge that the Operation is striving to fulfil its mandate. As reflected in the final report of the Panel of Experts established pursuant to resolution 1973 (2011) concerning Libya (see S/2024/914), there have been incidents of repeated and persistent, even aggressive, refusals to allow for the inspection of ships suspected of violating the arms embargo. Greece welcomes the renewal of resolution 2292 (2016), as amended by resolution 2733 (2024), albeit only for six months. And we support all actions conducive to strengthening the effectiveness of the arms embargo on Libya. The recent clashes in the capital are a testament to how elusive the implementation remains. In conclusion, let me stress that Greece, as a neighbouring country, fully supports the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Libya — a strong and prosperous country, worthy of the proud Libyan people, where the rule of law is respected; a unified country, free from any form of foreign interference and which respects international law, including the law of the sea; a stable country for the entire region. We sincerely thank Ms. Tetteh and her team for the work they have carried out since taking office, as well as all the staff of UNSMIL for their continued dedicated efforts towards peace and prosperity, a destination which can be reached only through dialogue.

I thank Special Representative Tetteh for her informative briefing and for her continued efforts to de-escalate tensions, prevent renewed clashes in Tripoli and support Libyan efforts to forge consensus on a political path forward for the whole country. I also want to welcome the participation of the representative of Libya in this meeting. The Council spoke with one voice after violence erupted in May calling for all parties to protect civilians and agree on a permanent ceasefire (see S/PV.9916). The Presidential Council’s convening of a joint security arrangements committee and subsequent establishment of a unified security force in Tripoli are encouraging signs. Solidifying those arrangements to prevent further clashes is an important next step. The 20 June meeting in Berlin of the International Follow-up Committee on Libya was a good opportunity for the international community to show support for a Libyan-led and Libyan-owned political process. As the process proceeds, the integrity and independence of the key economic institutions, including the Central Bank, the National Oil Corporation and the Audit Bureau, remain essential to Libya’s prosperity. Progress towards military integration is also key to re-establishing Libyan sovereignty and preventing Libya from becoming enmeshed in regional conflict. The Libyan people have clearly signalled that they do not want to be entangled in other conflicts — in the Sahel, the Sudan, South Sudan or beyond — or for Libyan territory to be used to exacerbate such crises. To enable Libya to bolster its border security and take more responsibility for its own security, the United States will encourage the process of east-west security integration, including through training assistance, about which we notified We also welcome the renewal of the maritime inspection authority of the arms embargo on Libya in May. We look forward to further consultations with the Libyan Government and the Security Council on arrangements for that authority, which remains an important enforcement mechanism to help prevent weapons trafficking. Our ultimate goal remains to see the Libyan Government fully able to assert its sovereignty, take responsibility for its own security and enable mutually beneficial commercial opportunities that will bring increased prosperity to the Libyan people.

I thank Special Representative Hanna Tetteh for her briefing and welcome the Permanent Representative of Libya to today’s meeting. Since today is the International Day of Women in Diplomacy, I would like to join other colleagues in expressing my best wishes to all women diplomats and thank them for their contribution to multilateralism and the cause of the United Nations. Recently, the security situation in Libya has been unstable. The outbreak of armed clashes in Tripoli has made it clear that the security situation remains fragile, and the maintenance of security and stability is still a top priority. All parties to the conflict should fully consider the common interests of the Libyan people, strictly implement the ceasefire and refrain from taking any further actions that may aggravate tensions. China welcomes the series of measures taken by the Presidential Council and the Government of National Unity to stabilize the situation. We encourage all parties in Libya to strengthen dialogue and communication and to establish comprehensive, lasting and balanced security arrangements as soon as possible to prevent the recurrence of violent conflict. The international community, the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) in particular, should provide full support and assistance in that regard. Libya has long been mired in a political stalemate. Promoting the political process is the key to lasting stability in the country. China welcomes and supports Special Representative Tetteh’s active engagement with all parties in Libya and her mediation efforts to help them bridge political differences. Last month, the UNSMIL advisory committee issued its first report, which puts forward recommendations on promoting national elections. We hope that UNSMIL will strengthen consultations with all parties in that regard, fully respect the will of the Libyan people and build a broad consensus on how to move forward with national elections. China has noted the holding of the plenary meeting of the International Follow- up Committee on Libya of the Berlin process and encourages the international community to continue to uphold the Libyan-led, Libyan-owned principle and make good use of the full range of resources and tools to support the early conclusion of Libya’s political transition and achieve its unity. China stands ready to continue to participate actively in the relevant process. At present, Libya’s economic challenges have intensified. Issues such as a shortage of foreign exchange, inflation and currency depreciation may affect social stability and bring about more unrest if they are not addressed in a timely manner. The international community should support Libya in speeding up public financial management reform and reaching a unified budget as soon as possible, so as to lay a good foundation for economic stabilization. Libya’s frozen overseas assets are the common wealth of the Libyan people, and the relevant international financial institutions should protect and manage the frozen Libya is rich in oil and other resources and was once one of the better developed countries in Africa. We believe that with the support of the international community, the Libyan people will be able to lead their country on the road of rejuvenation at an early date. China is a good friend of Libya. We firmly support its efforts to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity and are ready to play a constructive role in its early achievement of lasting peace, development and revitalization.

On the International Day of Women in Diplomacy, we extend a special greeting to you, Madam President, and to all women in diplomacy, for your and their valuable contributions to diplomatic endeavours. Panama welcomes the briefing by the Special Representative of the Secretary- General, Hanna Tetteh, and recognizes her leadership at the head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL). We value her commitment to the advancement of an inclusive and sustainable political process and reiterate our support for her. We also welcome the participation of the Permanent Representative of Libya in this meeting. Libya continues to face structural challenges, with institutional divisions and a complex humanitarian situation. Of particular concern is the recent escalation of violence in Tripoli, last May, at the hands of militias and armed groups. We acknowledge the establishment of the truce committee by the Presidential Council and UNSMIL and urgently encourage that mechanism to achieve a permanent ceasefire, with security arrangements that prioritize the protection of the civilian population. In terms of respect for human rights, the grim discovery of mass graves, instruments of torture and extrajudicial killings is of concern. In addition, reports persist of enforced disappearances, arbitrary detentions and violence against migrants and refugees. Added to that there is the worrisome situation on the shared border with the Sudan and Egypt, where Sudanese Rapid Support Forces have taken control of a key security area with serious regional implications. Despite that complex context, it is only right to acknowledge some important positive developments. In that regard, it is worth highlighting the launch of the report on recommendations of the UNSMIL-supported advisory committee, composed of 20 Libyan experts, which has presented options for moving the electoral process forward. We welcome the recommendations of the Libyan advisory committee, including those aimed at a balanced geographic and cultural representation, and efforts to increase women’s representation, as key steps to ensure a more inclusive and fair electoral process. That Libyan-led effort represents an opportunity to move towards legitimate, transparent and stable national elections as soon as possible. We also welcome the reactivation of the International Follow-up Committee on Libya, which met on 20 June in Berlin in its first plenary format since 2021. We hope that it can prove effective and lead to concrete and demonstrable results. The active presence of regional and international actors in that process demonstrates the existence of a collective will to support a multilaterally backed Libyan solution and more effective coordination. Panama applauds the launch of national consultations with Libyan youth. Such processes are essential to ensure that the country’s future is built with the active participation of the younger generation. It is time to realize the legitimate aspirations of the Libyan people to live in a stable, secure country with legitimate, inclusive and accountable institutions.

Before I begin my statement, I would like to join those in this Chamber who extended congratulations on the International Day of Women in Diplomacy. Without women diplomats, it would be difficult to imagine the work of the United Nations and the Security Council in maintaining international peace and security. We are very grateful to them, are happy to work with them and wish them every success and new achievements. We are grateful to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Libya and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), Ms. Hanna Tetteh, for her briefing. The course of developments in Libya over the past few months attests to the stagnation of the political process, continued fragmentation of the political landscape and a lack of progress in establishing sustained dialogue among key political forces. Libyan leaders are still unable to reach mutually acceptable agreements vis-à-vis the parameters for the future expression of the will of the people, which is why the prospect for holding general elections is becoming increasingly remote. The internal deadlock is likely to result in further economic deterioration and growing instability on the ground. Overcoming the divide requires both commitment and will on the part of key Libyan stakeholders, and that should be the precise focus of international efforts to support the Libyan political process. The Libyan actors’ inability to reach agreement among themselves is something that continues to undermine the country’s security architecture. The Libyan capital is still being affected by the aftershocks of the unprecedented magnitude of clashes among armed groups that occurred in early May this year. The residents of western regions of the country continue to suffer as a result of sporadic armed clashes between armed groups. On the whole, the situation remains highly volatile. In that connection, we note the establishment by the Libyan Presidential Council of a temporary committee for security and military arrangements in Tripoli and of a committee to monitor the work and operation of prisons and conditions of detention. Those steps are portrayed as a comprehensive plan to establish order among the Libyan security forces, to curb the lawlessness of armed groups running rampant in the capital and to resolve the protracted issue of so-called “private prisons”, which are not under State oversight. We welcome any steps that are taken by the Libyan parties to stabilize the situation. At the same time, we emphasize that in order to establish a comprehensive peace on the ground, there is a need for painstaking work to unite the Libyan armed forces and ensure the full reintegration of former combatants into official structures. It is not enough for armed groups to simply change their labels while preserving the right to exert limited violence — that will only trigger further incidents similar to what transpired back in May. The ongoing security situation is a direct consequence of the political divisions in the former Jamahiriya. At present, the resumption of a truly inclusive political process appears to be the only realistic scenario for extricating the country from this crisis. At the same time, we are convinced that the effectiveness of any measures taken by the international community directly hinges on the positive embrace of those measures by the Libyan people themselves. Against that backdrop, it is alarming that, as far as we can judge, the results of the work of the Advisory Commission No solutions for Libyan recovery can be imposed on Libyans from on high, even under United Nations auspices. The role of the United Nations in this process is not to substitute the will of the Libyan people, but rather to facilitate the establishment of conditions for sustained dialogue. In that context, we support the mediation efforts by Special Representative Tetteh and welcome her intention to begin working on a comprehensive road map for the Libyan settlement. In order to promptly normalize the situation in Libya, that guiding document should be thoroughly worked through with all Libyan stakeholders, to ensure that it enjoys support and that there is a willingness to implement it. In addition, there is a need to extend support for existing intra-Libyan formats. In particular, we see significant potential in cooperation between the House of Representatives and the High Council of State at the interparliamentary level, with Egypt acting as a mediator. What is also important is the national reconciliation track under the auspices of the African Union. We believe that it is also crucial for the United Nations to provide assistance in those processes. In the current circumstances, an important role can be played by inclusive international formats in support of the Libyan settlement. That includes, first and foremost, the Berlin process on Libya, which has not met in its original inclusive configuration since 2021. Instead, for several years we have observed attempts by a number of Western countries to replace the Berlin process with various forms of separate, opaque, private, behind-the-scenes “gatherings” that have no political or practical value for the settlement process. We are heartened by the fact that that trend is finally being reversed. We welcome the fact that, on 20 June — for the first time in a long time — the German capital hosted a plenary meeting of the International Follow-up Committee on Libya for the Berlin process, which was attended, inter alia, by Russian representatives. We thank Ms. Tetteh for her contribution organizing that event. Through further work under the Berlin process, we see a pathway to providing more effective assistance to Libyans and bringing about constructive solutions. We hope that after the meeting that was held, there will be an end to the nefarious practice of conducting “closed” meetings of the co-chairs of the working groups within the Berlin format without inviting or even properly informing other members. Any discussions should be conducted with the involvement of all participants in the format, in a spirit of respect for collective agreements and with a focus on genuinely supporting Libyan efforts. In conclusion, we stand ready to work constructively with Libyans and all stakeholders to promptly restore peace and stability in Libya.

Let me echo others in celebrating the International Day of Women in Diplomacy and commend the vital role of women diplomats in advancing international peace and security. I would like to extend my gratitude to Special Representative of the Secretary- General Hanna Serwaa Tetteh for her comprehensive briefing. I also welcome the participation of the Permanent Representative of Libya in today’s meeting. Last week’s International Follow-up Committee on Libya meeting, which marked the revival of the Berlin process after four years, reaffirmed the broad international commitment to a Libyan-led and Libyan-owned political process. Building on that momentum, we call on all Libyan actors to engage constructively with the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) in order to help to move the country beyond the fragile status quo that has long hindered peace and stability. First, as security flashpoints expand across Libya and in the wider region, all parties must refrain from unilateral military actions. Following last month’s escalation of violence in Tripoli, strict adherence to the agreed truce and intensified efforts towards a permanent ceasefire remain essential. In that regard, we commend UNSMIL’s prompt mediation to de-escalate the violence and the Presidential Council’s stabilization efforts, in particular the establishment of a truce committee and a joint security arrangements committee to facilitate the disarmament of armed groups. Vigilance must be maintained beyond Tripoli, especially as instability grows along the Libya-Sudan border, where the Sudanese conflict is now entangled with cross-border involvement from Libyan territory. We also stress that any recourse to force that undermines efforts to unify Libya’s military and security institutions must be firmly rejected. Secondly, recent tensions across Libya are a stark reminder of the country’s protracted political deadlock, driven by the absence of a unified Government. We therefore call on all relevant actors to elevate their efforts towards a consensual political road map for elections and the adoption of a permanent Constitution. We welcome the conclusion of the advisory committee’s work to address key contentious electoral issues. Starting with a thorough review of the committee’s proposals, now is the time for Libyans to come together and engage in good-faith dialogue aimed at institutional reforms grounded in a shared national vision. In addition, the importance of the inclusive participation of local communities, women and youth groups cannot be overemphasized. In that regard, we support UNSMIL’s ongoing efforts to ensure that their voices are meaningfully reflected through public outreach. Along with political dialogue, it is imperative to redouble efforts on economic reform, including the formulation of the unified national budget and ensuring transparency in financial institutions. Thirdly, for that political progress to be truly meaningful and sustainable, full respect for human rights must remain central. We are deeply troubled by recent revelations of gross human rights violations in detention facilities in Tripoli. Those responsible must be brought to justice through prompt, independent investigations. In that context, we welcome the Presidential Council’s establishment of a human rights committee to review arbitrary and inhumane detention. Attention must also be given to protecting the growing number of refugees and migrants, including Sudanese nationals, who are vulnerable to such practices. Furthermore, we are alarmed by the recent use of live ammunition against protesters in Tripoli. Freedom of expression, along with public safety, must be ensured to preserve civic space for all. We also take this opportunity to echo the joint statement on climate, peace and security this morning. We stress the importance of infrastructure investment and capacity-building to address the climate-related risks that further exacerbate Libya’s political, economic and humanitarian fragilities. Fourteen years have passed since Libya set out on its path to democracy. The time has come to move forward with unity and determination to achieve Libya’s lasting peace and stability. The Republic of Korea stands ready to fully support that journey, in close cooperation with UNSMIL.

I now give the floor to the representative of Libya.

I thank you, Madam President, for convening this meeting, and we would like to thank Ms. Hanna Tetteh for her briefing. As we pointed out in our previous statements, we can only repeat and reaffirm what is already known. The fact of the matter is that today’s meeting was a record breaker, lasting an hour and a quarter, which shows that there is nothing new to be A simple calculation shows that nearly nine months have elapsed between Mr. Bathily’s resignation in mid-April 2024 and Ms. Tetteh’s appointment. She joined us in February. It is now June, and, as Ms. Tetteh mentioned, the plan will be presented at her next briefing, scheduled for August. That does not mark the start of the process, only its presentation. We are talking about nearly one year and a half without any real political process commencing in Libya. I do not think that Libya can endure this situation. As Ms. Tetteh mentioned today, we had expected the Council to launch or announce the political process today. We understand the challenges, but this has dragged on for too long. My words are directed not only at the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, but also at the United Nations and the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL). The process languishing for more than a year and a half and being held hostage to the appointment of representatives, with no real practical solutions, is not an institutional issue but one of collective responsibility, which the Council also bears. At the same time, genuine national initiatives are being dismissed on the grounds that the mediator must be international. This state of affairs represents a contradiction and is untenable. It is our hope that the matter will be addressed with urgency. Libyans are also awaiting concrete outcomes from UNSMIL after the various meetings held in recent months, both locally and internationally. First and foremost, they want the Council to tell them who is actually impeding the political process, be it individuals, groups or even States. Libyans deserve to know this now and not once the Special Representative’s term has come to an end. It has often been the case that, once a representative’s term ends, they appear in the media and it is only then that we know who, in their view, is the impediment, be it individuals or States. Libyans deserve to be privy to such information now. Today I will confine my remarks to the following four points. First, we thank the advisory committee for its efforts and for putting forward recommendations that can be used to support the various political tracks and national dialogues. Here, it must be underscored that the options for a political solution and such initiatives need not be limited to just four or so. The problem has never been in the national ideas and initiatives presented by various political groups, civil society representatives and others. The real problem has been, and continues to be, one of identifying a mechanism whereby agreement among the political parties can be reached and foreign interference in the implementation of those ideas and national decisions can be averted. Secondly, we reiterate that all initiatives and proposals must be aligned with the political agreements and their outcomes. They must respond to the demands of all Libyans, namely for a political process capable of unifying all State institutions and restoring the legitimacy of all political bodies by ending all transitional phases and holding general elections. This way a State can be built with institutions and the rule of law, under a constitutional framework that is acceptable to all Libyans, without exclusion or marginalization. In that regard, we further emphasize the importance of freedom of expression through peaceful demonstrations, such as those that have taken place on several occasions and that the Ministry of the Interior has sought to protect as much as possible, which marks a positive and welcome development, provided that protests are not accompanied by rioting or the vandalizing of public or private property. In that connection, having listened to my colleague, the representative of Greece, speak of the maritime crisis between us, I would like to remind him that diplomacy is the solution to such problems and that Libya is always open to regional cooperation. At the same time, we did not engage in any provocation; rather, the provocation arose when Greece announced its intention to prospect in a disputed area. Libya will not allow the current situation in the country and the challenges that we are facing to be thus exploited. Council members have all witnessed, as have Greece and the entire world, that the authorities in western and eastern Libya, despite their divisions, have been united in condemning those actions. I therefore agree with my colleague that diplomacy must prevail and the historical ties between the two countries must be harnessed to resolve such problems or any others. Fourthly, as to the security situation, Council members are all aware of the increasing likelihood of a slide into the unknown and the destruction of what remains of any relative calm and stability, which could directly endanger the lives of civilians and State institutions. That underscores the urgent need to strengthen political and security protection mechanisms. I cast the responsibility for doing so on all members of the Council and UNSMIL, because the delay in providing political solutions and the absence of a horizon for a solution are the reason behind these tensions and challenges. All agree that Libyans have grown tired of calling for an end to all armed groups and lawless militias, regardless of what they call themselves and of where in the country they might be. The foremost demand of the Libyan people is that the State have exclusive control over weapons so that security and military institutions can be established under legitimate civilian authority. However, that will not be achieved without reaching a fundamental and comprehensive solution to the current political situation and without putting an end to the division and fragile transitions. All other solutions are superficial and lack seriousness. Experience has shown that there is no military solution to the Libyan crisis, so we call on Council members to refrain from putting the lives of civilians in danger. In that context, we ask them to support the security committees that have recently been formed to bring calm to the situation, especially in the capital, Tripoli, the residents of which are living in a constant state of tension. We therefore call on everyone to work together to spare the lives of Libyans and to avoid any military confrontations that will drag our youth into new wars, the first victims of which will be civilians. Let us push away the spectre of death and destruction that is looming over the people. Instead, let us promote life and prosperity.

The representative of Greece has asked for the floor to make a further statement.

This is the first time in my tenure that I have asked for the floor for a second time. I would like to thank the representative of Libya, a very good friend, for his statement.

The representative of Libya has asked for the floor to make a further statement. I now give him the floor.

I will say this in English to avoid the challenges of interpretation. In the statement delivered by the representative of Greece, the representative mentioned that “any provocation statements that come out” are not going to help diplomacy. That is how I understood it. And that is why I am saying that we were not trying to provoke the delegation of Greece with our statements. We want diplomacy. It is just that the action that happened is what triggered all of this. But again, we are friends, and we will find ways to resolve this issue.

There are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers. I now invite Council members to informal consultations to continue our discussion on the subject.