S/RES/2796(2025) SC

United Nations S/RES/2796 (2025) Security Council Distr.: General 31 October 2025 Resolution 2796 (2025) Adopted by the Security Council at its 10029th meeting, on 31 October 2025 The Security Council, Recalling its resolution 1970 (2011) and all its subsequent resolutions on Libya, including resolutions 2259 (2015), 2510 (2020), 2542 (2020), 2570 (2021), 2619 (2022), 2629 (2022), 2647 (2022), 2656 (2022), 2702 (2023), 2755 (2024) and 2769 (2025), its Presidential Statement of 16 March 2023 (S/PRST/2023/2), and its press statements, Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national unity of Libya and the need to refrain from external interference, and its commitment to stand by the people of Libya, Reaffirming its strong commitment to an inclusive Libyan-led and Libyanowned political process, facilitated by the United Nations, and supported by the international community, which builds on the updated electoral laws agreed by the 6+6 Committee, and which will enable the holding of free, fair, transparent and inclusive national presidential and parliamentary elections across Libya and the unification of institutions as soon as possible, welcoming the resumption of the International Follow-up Committee on Libya as part of the Berlin Process, encouraging its full participation and continued evolution and inclusivity to further advance the process, and further welcoming the Berlin Process working groups aimed at enhancing international coordination of the political, security, economic and human rights tracks of the political process in Libya, Taking note of Presidential Election Law No. 28/2023 and Parliamentary Election Law No. 27/2023, adopted by the House of Representatives (HoR) of Libya on 5 October 2023, noting that implementation of these laws requires the commitment of all parties and a political settlement on outstanding politically contentious issues related to elections, and further noting the address by the President of the Presidential Council to the UN General Assembly on 25 September 2025 calling for an end to the transitional period through free and fair elections on the basis of a clear constitutional framework, the reunification of Libya’s sovereign institutions, in particular its security, defence and financial institutions, the organization of a national political dialogue, and the full restoration of Libya’s national sovereignty and the rejection of all forms of foreign interference, Recognising that the prolonged transitional period in Libya has contributed to political and institutional instability, 25-17591 (E) *2517591* S/RES/2796 (2025) Recalling that all Libyan stakeholders previously gave strong guarantees to support and respect the independence and integrity of the electoral process, as well as the results of the elections, urging all stakeholders to uphold these guarantees, and calling upon all stakeholders to revitalise their efforts to resolve outstanding politically contentious issues related to elections, through United Nations-facilitated dialogue, and in a spirit of compromise, in order to create the conditions and circumstances for elections and a unified government, including a secure environment, to deliver elections on the basis of viable electoral laws, and to end the transition period renewing the legitimacy of Libyan institutions, Expressing concern about the fragile security environment and recent developments and tensions in Libya, including the escalation of violence in May 2025, underlining the importance of safeguarding security and stability across Libya, welcoming the efforts of the Libyan authorities to restore stability, further welcoming the engagement of UNSMIL to help deescalate tensions and advance security arrangements, stressing the urgency of advancing comprehensive security sector reform, calling on Libyan actors and institutions to urgently refrain from and address any unilateral actions which increase tensions, undermine trust, and further entrench institutional divisions and discord amongst Libyans, underscoring the importance of early conflict prevention efforts, calling on all Libyan parties to make progress on the political, economic and security tracks, and to comply with their obligations under national and international law, in particular international humanitarian law and international human rights law as applicable, to establish peace and stability across Libya, urging all actors to refrain from fuelling further divisions among Libyans and undermining the political process, Expressing its strong condemnation of the indiscriminate use of weapons in populated areas and their consequences for the civilian population and calling upon all parties to refrain from such practices in accordance with their obligations under international law, particularly regarding the protection of civilians in armed conflict, Recognising the important role of neighbouring countries and regional organisations in support of the United Nations, recalling resolution 2616 (2021), expressing concern over the impact of the conflict on neighbouring countries, as well as the impact of conflict in neighbouring countries on Libya, including with regards to threats arising from terrorism, especially in the Sahel, the illicit transfer, destabilising accumulation and misuse of weapons, illicit trafficking, and the flow of armed groups and mercenaries, and encouraging further international support and regional cooperation between Libya, neighbouring countries and relevant United Nations bodies, including the Peacebuilding Commission, in support of peacebuilding and sustaining peace in the country and the region, Expressing concern at the threat posed by the diversion and proliferation of arms and ammunition in Libya and other countries in the region, which undermines stability, and calling on key Libyan institutions, with support from the United Nations, to take steps to secure and effectively manage stockpiles, clear explosive ordnance and explosive remnants of war from hazardous areas, and protect civilians from the risks of unplanned explosions at munition sites, Underlining the need to plan for the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of armed groups and all relevant non-state armed actors, as part of an integrated, comprehensive and coherent approach to peacebuilding, including the return of their members to their countries of origin, further underlining that this should include regional coordination and take into account peacebuilding needs and priorities, 2/7 25-17591 S/RES/2796 (2025) Recognising the need to plan for security sector reform as a whole, in line with the strengthening of rule of law in Libya, and the establishment of an inclusive, unified, accountable, civilian-led security architecture for Libya as a whole, and calling on the Libyan authorities to engage and achieve progress on this issue, Recalling the commitments of the 5+5 Joint Military Commission and the two Chiefs of Staff towards reunification of the Libyan military and security institutions and the creation of joint military units to secure Libya’s borders and uphold the 23 October 2020 ceasefire agreement, and encouraging further efforts for enhancing security coordination and information sharing among Libyan security forces throughout the country, Urging Libyan institutions and authorities to ensure the full, equal, meaningful and safe participation of women at all levels, including in leadership positions, and in all stages of activities and decision-making relating to inclusive political processes, democratic transition, reconciliation efforts, conflict resolution and peacebuilding, economic recovery and development, emphasising the need to protect women, women’s rights organisations, and women peacebuilders from intimidation, threats, reprisals and attacks, strongly encouraging all parties to create a safe and enabling environment for members of civil society, including those who promote and protect human rights, to carry out their work independently and without undue interference, including in situations of armed conflict, and to address threats, harassment and violence, to counter hate speech against them, and to protect and promote human rights and fundamental freedoms, including freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association, in accordance with obligations under international law, to help enable free, fair, transparent and inclusive elections and national reconciliation, supporting the efforts of UNSMIL to facilitate wider engagement and participation of women from across the spectrum of Libyan society in the political process and public institutions, including meaningful representation of women in Libya’s legislative bodies, and recognising that the political process should be inclusive of all Libyans, including women, youth and civil society, Emphasising that Libya’s oil resources are for the benefit of all Libyans and need to remain under the exclusive control of the National Oil Corporation, stressing the need to depoliticise Libya’s oil resources, ensuring they are utilised for the prosperity and well-being of the Libyan people, and calling on all parties to allow the National Oil Corporation to undertake its work without disruption, interference, or politicisation, and to ensure oil and gas revenues are managed in a transparent, equitable and accountable manner with effective Libyan oversight, Recalling the importance of Libyan oversight over Libya’s economic and financial institutions, including the National Oil Corporation, Central Bank of Libya and Libyan Audit Bureau, which includes the responsibility to ensure their integrity and independence from political pressure, as well as the transparent, equitable and accountable management of revenue across the whole country, emphasising that Libya’s resources should not be used for personal or political gain, reaffirming the importance of establishing a Libyan-led mechanism bringing together stakeholders from across the country to set spending levels, calling on all Libyan political, economic and security leaders and institutions to de-escalate tensions, refrain from the use of force or the threat of the use of force or any economic measures designed to exert pressure, welcoming the 25 September 2024 agreement reached between Libyan actors on the Central Bank of Libya, and its endorsement by the House of Representatives and High State Council, and the appointment on 21 October 2024 of a new board of directors, calling on all Libyan parties to fully and swiftly implement the agreement, noting with concern that the continued absence of a unified budget undermines Libya’s economic resilience, calling on relevant institutions to take the 25-17591 3/7 S/RES/2796 (2025) necessary steps towards finalizing financial arrangements and establishing a unified budget, to ensure the stability of Libya’s financial system, for the benefit of all Libyans, and reiterating UNSMIL’s role in helping to bolster transparency and good governance within Libyan institutions, in particular to ensure effective Libyan oversight over oil and gas revenues, as diversion of and competition over resources remain a key impediment to political progress, Reaffirming its intention to ensure that assets frozen pursuant to paragraph 17 of resolution 1970 (2011) shall at a later stage be made available to and for the benefit of the Libyan people, and calling upon all relevant Member States to protect frozen assets for the future benefit of the Libyan people, including by preserving their value and preventing the misuse and misappropriation of frozen assets, in line with paragraph 14 of resolution 2769 (2025), Expressing concern at the inadequate living standards and insufficient provision of basic services and the situation of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Libya, further expressing grave concern about the smuggling of migrants and refugees and human trafficking through Libya and at the situation faced by migrants and refugees, including arbitrary detention, ill-treatment and their exposure to all forms of violence, including conflict-related sexual violence, noting the impact of the conflict in Sudan on Libya, and stressing concern about the situation for Sudanese and third-country refugees, asylum seekers and vulnerable migrants in the country and the need for heightened protections, underlining the importance of tackling the root causes of the smuggling of migrants and human trafficking, including the economic, governance, and security factors that drive irregular migration, welcoming the work of the United Nations in coordinating and supporting the provision of humanitarian assistance for refugees and migrants, welcoming efforts by local authorities and humanitarian actors to support Sudanese refugees in Libya, calling on the Libyan authorities to take concrete steps towards the closing of migrant detention centres to ensure the protection of all migrants regardless of their status, and to urgently alleviate the suffering of all people in Libya by speeding up the delivery of public services to all parts of the country, and urging all parties to allow and facilitate full, safe and unhindered humanitarian access, Recalling resolution 2510 (2020), which demanded that all parties to the conflict comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, and emphasising that those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights must be held accountable, Urging all parties to implement the relevant resolutions on the Women, Peace and Security Agenda and to prevent and respond to conflict-related sexual violence, and calling on the Libyan authorities to end impunity for sexual and gender-based violence crimes, in line with relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolution 1325 (2000), Recalling the importance of the protection of children, as set out in relevant Security Council resolutions, and taking appropriate measures in this regard, expressing concern about reported violations and abuses against children in Libya despite the 23 October 2020 ceasefire agreement, in particular those involving the killing and maiming of children, the abductions of children, sexual violence committed against children, child detention and the recruitment or use of children, and urging all parties to immediately end and prevent such practices, Recognising that protracted conflict and political division in Libya has made the country more susceptible to the humanitarian impact of natural disasters, including 4/7 25-17591 S/RES/2796 (2025) floods, and other weather events associated with the adverse effects of climate change, among other factors, Underlining the importance of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework 2023–2025, which demonstrates the commitment of Libyan stakeholders and the United Nations to work together through a humanitarian, development and peacebuilding nexus approach to address the structural causes of fragility and remaining humanitarian needs to drive transformative change and transition to sustainable peace and development across the country, in support of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals, Recalling its determination in its resolution 2213 (2015) that the situation in Libya continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security, 1. Decides to extend until 31 October 2026 the mandate of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), as an integrated special political mission to carry out its mandate, as set out in resolution 2542 (2020); 2. Reiterates its full support for the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) for Libya and Head of UNSMIL, Hanna S. Tetteh, in particular her mediation and good-offices role to further an inclusive political process, in line with relevant Security Council resolutions, building on the basis of the Libyan Political Agreement and the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF) Roadmap, and building on the updated electoral laws agreed by the 6+6 Committee, welcomes the roadmap announced by the SRSG on 21 August 2025 and its three core pillars, further welcomes the SRSG’s commitment to conduct further consultations and provide further details on the roadmap, and calls upon the international community to fully support the SRSG and UNSMIL in the implementation of their mandate, and to engage constructively and in good faith with UNSMIL in the implementation of the roadmap, underscores the importance that all of UNSMIL’s activities work towards facilitating an inclusive Libyan-led and Libyan-owned political process, which will enable the ending of the transitional period, reunification of all institutions, and holding of free and fair national elections across Libya, conducted in a transparent and inclusive manner; 3. Encourages UNSMIL to implement the recommendations of the Strategic Review (S/2025/611), including: • Continuing to place the support of a political solution to the Libyan conflict at the core of the mission’s mandate, • Streamlining UNSMIL’s workstreams to advance Libya’s political process, • Establishing a more consistent presence across Libya, including targeted expansions of the mission in Benghazi and Sabha while maintaining a cost - neutral realignment and within existing resources, • Increasing engagement in eastern and southern Libya with key stakeholders to support reunification efforts, • Establishing a dedicated economic section within UNSMIL, • Assuming a leading role in international engagement on Libya, particularly in relation to the Berlin Process, encouraging its full participation and continued evolution and inclusivity to further advance the process, • Recognising that UNSMIL’s engagement on human rights and the rule of law remains integral to the country’s political process, 25-17591 5/7 S/RES/2796 (2025) while fulfilling its mandate in close coordination with the Libyan authorities, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure appropriate security arrangements for UN personnel, premises and assets as UNSMIL reconfigures; 4. Requests, in its implementation of the recommendations of the Strategic Review, UNSMIL to explore all avenues to increase efficiency and redeploy existing resources, including through the prioritisation and the reconfiguration of tasks and resources, as needed and where appropriate, and requests the Secretary-General to update the Council on the implementation of the recommendations of the Strategic Review in the reporting requested in paragraph 14 of this resolution, including in regard to mission efficiencies; 5. Recalls the LPDF Roadmap, regrets that a number of its deliverables have yet to be achieved and its timelines were not met, underlines that the objectives and governing principles as set out in the LPDF Roadmap, in particular articles 1, 2 and 6, are still relevant to the political process, including the principles of financial responsibility, anti-corruption and transparency, rejects actions that could lead to violence or greater divisions in Libya, and recognises the desire of the Libyan people to have their say in who governs them through elections; 6. Urges the Libyan political institutions and key stakeholders to resolve outstanding politically contentious issues pertaining to elections as soon as possible, and, in this regard, calls upon Libyan political institutions and key stakeholders to engage fully, transparently and in good faith, and without preconditions, and make the compromises necessary to progress a Libyan-led and Libyan-owned, UNSMIL- facilitated negotiation, building on previous political agreements and the roadmap announced by the SRSG, in order to deliver free, fair, transparent and inclusive national presidential and parliamentary elections as soon as possible across the country, on the basis of viable electoral laws, aiming at, inter alia, forming a unified Libyan government able to govern across the country and representing the whole people of Libya, and calls on all Libyan stakeholders to take steps to reunify Libya’s political, economic, military and security state institutions, and safeguard the independence of the judiciary; 7. Welcomes the technical support provided by the United Nations to the Libyan High National Elections Commission (HNEC), and encourages the continuation of this support to enable the HNEC to deliver free, fair, transparent and inclusive national presidential and parliamentary elections across Libya, as well as local elections across Libya, welcomes the completion of local elections in the majority of municipalities, and urges Libyan authorities to ensure that, in the remaining municipalities where local elections were previously suspended, voter registration and elections proceed without obstruction, and further welcomes UNSMIL’s efforts to support voter registration including by women; 8. Underlines the importance of an inclusive, comprehensive national dialogue and victim-centred reconciliation process based on the principles of transitional justice, welcomes the efforts of the Presidential Council to launch the national reconciliation process, and the support of the African Union in that regard, encourages further cooperation between the Presidential Council, the African Union, and UNSMIL on national reconciliation efforts, and further encourages further progress, recognises the important role of other regional organisations, including the League of Arab States and the European Union, and calls upon the relevant Libyan institutions and authorities to implement confidence-building measures to create an environment conducive for successful national presidential and parliamentary elections, including by ensuring the full, equal, meaningful and safe part icipation of women, and inclusion of youth and civil society representatives, in all activities and decision-making relating to democratic transition and reconciliation efforts; 6/7 25-17591 S/RES/2796 (2025) 9. Expresses concern at the humanitarian situation in Libya, calls on international partners to provide humanitarian assistance, in coordination with the Libyan authorities and the United Nations, calls on the Libyan authorities and relevant stakeholders to allow and facilitate full, safe and unhindered humanitarian access to those in need, and calls for reconstruction to be managed and distributed transparently, with effective oversight and accountability to the Libyan people; 10. Emphasises that there can be no military solution in Libya, calls upon all parties to refrain from violence, military actions or any other actions that could escalate tensions, exacerbate conflicts, endanger civilians and undermine the political process or the 23 October 2020 ceasefire in Libya, which should be implemented i n full, and requests UNSMIL, in line with its existing mandate and within existing resources, to provide support to Libyan-led and Libyan owned initiatives which reduce the risk of a return to widespread conflict, including the 5+5 Joint Military Commission, and including through the facilitation of confidence building measures, dialogue and reconciliation between armed actors to prevent violence and conflict escalation through UNSMIL’s mediation and good offices; 11. Recalls that the measures set out in resolution 1970 (2011), as modified by subsequent resolutions, shall apply to individuals and entities determined by the United Nations Sanctions Committee to be engaging in or providing support for acts that threaten the peace, stability or security of Libya or obstruct or und ermine the successful completion of its political transition, including by obstructing or undermining the elections, and demands full compliance by all Member States with the arms embargo imposed under resolution 1970 (2011), as modified by subsequent resolutions, including by ceasing all support for and withdrawing all mercenaries, foreign fighters, and foreign forces, and demands all Member States not to intervene in the conflict or take measures that exacerbate the conflict; 12. Urges all Member States to respect fully the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national unity of Libya, and refrain from external interference which seeks to undermine Libya’s sovereignty and foment conflict and instability in Libya and the wider region; 13. Calls on all parties to take further steps to implement the 23 October 2020 ceasefire agreement in full, including the Action Plan for the withdrawal of mercenaries, foreign fighters, and foreign forces agreed by the 5+5 Joint Military Commission in Geneva on 8 October 2021, which is to be implemented in a synchronised, phased, gradual and balanced manner, and urges Member States to respect and support its full implementation, including through the withdrawal of all mercenaries, foreign fighters, and foreign forces from Libya without further delay; 14. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the implementation of this resolution every 60 days; 15. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter. 25-17591 7/7