A/36/PV.33 General Assembly

In speaking at this thne of great mourning which has stricken one of the Members of the Organlzation, namely Egypt, I should like first of all to offer to the Government and people of Egypt the sincere and profound .condolences of tbe Government and the people of Togo. My condolences are addressed likewise to the whole of the bereaved family of tbe great Resident Anwar El Sadat, a leading figure in the tight for peace and juatice In Egypt, in the Middle Bast, and throughout t& world. Ia his. permanent quest for v, P&dent B1 Sadat canied out an act of political courage, .ihenby glving rise to great hope among men of good will. May tbe work of peace thus started be continued and cow for the happinefis,of the worthy peppld of &ypt: “--.-i li ..I, 95. The modem world b which.we live is oucofwmplementarities. No nation’can live sufficient unto it&If. All the counlries of the world must lend a hand and help each other. But that mutual aid results from the freely expressed will of each pcoplc to join its efforts with those of the others in order to bring about the necessary means for the solution of major problems that confront the whole of the International community. 96. ‘.Indecd, in this last quarter of the twentieth century the world continues to live under the threat of scourges that modern science, in spire of its prestigious progress, has noi been able to stop completely. ToJay hunger, malnutrition. illiteracy and disease still afflict more than half 98. Thll yearning for independence and freedom is one of the fti expressions of human rights. a right of which alI peoples am quite appropriately jealous. Thus the andent tradltlons of independence and freedom of the peoples of Asia Minor, tncluding Iraq, have been the admira- Uon .of all men, throughout all ideologies and all .centurlcs. Mr. Kittani belongs to those traditions, and his election to preside over the work of the thirty-sixth session of the CIeneml Assembly augurs well. That Is why I am pleased to congratulate hlm, and 1 am sum that under Ids presidency our work will be conducted in justl~~,, $e guarqtee of lndepandence and fmc&m. 99. I should also like to thank his predecessor, Mr. ion Wechmar of the Federal Republic of Germany, and to congratulate hlm on the masterly way in which ba e ducted @ .work of the preylous. se+sloa. 100. I shotdd Ilke also to take this opportunity to thank, 45n behalf of the Government of Togo, .the Secretary-GeneraI of the Organixatlon for the tireless efforts that he has constantly been making in the service of peace and Con: cord throughout the world. -. T 101. pinally, to guarantee the independence and freedom so dear to us, the United Nations family can grow in sttengtb only by expanding. That is why we hall the admlaslon of Vanuatu as.the one hundred fifty-fifth Member of the United Natlons tid, an behalf of the Government of Togo, address our hearty congratulations to tha leaders of that country and wish them.complete suc+ss in theii task of bullding their country. 102. We also coagratultie Belize on its admission gS the one hundred fifty-sixth Member of the Organization. 103. This year again, in spite of the hopes born of @itlcal changes in a large number of countries by the expms.+on of the will of the peoples concerned, the Independence and freedom of peoples an3 once again sorely tested. Certdn corntries, because they arc endowed by natme and history with more or less abundant resources, take upon themselves the right to dictate their economic .conditlons to the whole of mankind and thereby bring 1Q4. At its present session the General Assembly mist, if the United Nations wishes genuinely to achieve the IIOble objectives that it has sat fur itself, deal seriously with those grave infringements on the indcpendcnce and freedom of peoples and citizens. At the very hour when our work ls in progress such violations of indcpcndcace and freedom arc still common currency. whether in respect of international economic relations of the policy of r$atious among states. lO$ In terms of. international economic mlations, the situation lias never been mom serious. F:rom year to year the poorest countries continue to become even poorer, and their external debt has attained unbearable proportions, given their low level of development. Indeed. the newly independent countries, in trying to raise the level of living of their peoples, set up schools and educate their citizens, develop public health and provide the communication infrastructures which are essential for every human community of our time, can rely only on their own natural resou~ccs. Any assistance from the international communlty. In one form or another, is in the last analysis always seen in terms of loans against the resources of the country concerned. Those tesocrces arc generally made up of raw materials the prices of which vary depending 09 the whims of the developed countries. Since the oil crisis of 1973, the prices for those raw materials have been constantly falling, while at the same time the prices for manufactured goods purchased from the rich:couutrics hate been rising constantly. .: .;. 106. The ‘height of irony is that the interest rates on loans granted by industrialiecd countries for the develop mcnt projects of developing countries are shamelessly ap: proachlng usurious rates. These combined factors-the fall in the prices of raw materials, the swift rise in the prices of imported products from developed countries and the exorbitant increases in intemst rates by industrlalizcd countries-am upsetting the balance of the countries of the third world, sabotaging their stability and, in the last analysis. maklng Face pmcarious. As a result, the inequality. in International economic relations. established and &talned essentially by the rich countries, is imperilling the already fragile independence of underdeveloped countrlcs .and wh;tUing away their freedom of action. Thus,. the independence acquired at the cost of great sacrlf&s is the object of the covetousness af-the great Powers. 107. Freedom. cherished in the rich countr&is denied by those same countries to the poorest on this planet. While the rich countries arc establishing within themselves all the conditions for stability aud pcacc in the shadow of which they continue their peaceful dcvclopment. they provoke because of their rivalries, conflicts in the third world in order to nip hi the bud the dcvclopment efforts of the young nations and to continue IO tccp 1hcm in a state of dependence. Numerous actions of interference and dcstabilization make it possible for them to get rid of their weapons arsenals, which, if not disposed of, would in the long run become dangerous to themselves. giving proof of their intention to call into question thd I ,. ., . hidependence of tl!e young States and thus to jeopardize their right to freedom. .,, 109. In the sphere of international political reltltions. independence and freedom enjoy no greater guarantees than they do in intcmational economic relations. The international situation at present is less stable than ever, is strained In many parts of the world and is everywhere loaded with conflict. The super-Powers, by competing to divide the world into zones of influence, am like arsbnists .who arc the first to play the part of firemen as soon as they have finally succeeded in kindling the flames of war and conflict between States. Then they offer to the rest of the world interm&ble conferences on disarmament together with other idle chatter, while the whole world knows that all that the undcrdcveloped countr& can dis: m themselves of is their poverty. : 110. From whatever angle one approaches international problems, one always and invariably is led. to the same observation: the military arsenal of the rich countries is too hnportant for them not to want to use it to disturb the peace in the world and thereby guarantee the satisfaction aftheirself~interests. \. 111. “Look at what is happening In the Middle East. The Government of Togo has always upheld Israel’s right to a homeland. But the Government of my country upholds this same right for others-in other words, for the palestinians, under the leadership of their sole legitimate representative, the Pu). However, for more than 30 years the fires of -the Middle East have remained lit. The quantity of.arms stockpiled in the region does not augur well for anything. Most countries of the region, if not all of them, have no arms factories. Their arms always come from the same sources. The most sophisticated weapons go to the fust bid&r. In the meantime, the rich couhtries grow richer while the underdeveloped counties each day gmw more dependent on the rich, as they are obliged to order new weapons. And at the same time the afflicted Pales& nh people remain i4 a state k-6 the ~fost ycjl $I,@~.- mea ‘-:~ . . 112. Luok at what is happening in southern Africa. The most elementary rights of a whole people am being trampled underfoot, .but the most extensive campaigns for human rights led by the majority of the rich countries am not be&g diited against aparfheid. On the contrary, more than extenuating circumstances am found in the case of Pretoria, as a policy of so-called persuasion is advocated to bring about domestic change. If only one millionth of what is taking place in South Africa took place in an underdeveloped country, it would already be the object of a plan carefully orchestrated and~hnplemented to upset the tigime in place. 113. Pretoria attacks Angola, destroys its economy, kills its innocent citizens by the hundreds, and what do you think happened? In a discordant chon~s some crocodile tears wem shed. but there was also a veto which PIE- 114. This is the place to recall that the Amer!can people and the African peoples are bound by ties’ which. have their roots in a centuries-old hisrory. But there are situations which Africa as a whole does not understand We dorm hope that the plant Administration and the great American people will join forces and associate themselves with the inevitable process of the independence of Namibia, as advocated in Security Council resolution 435 (1978). In so doing, the gmat America of President Reagan would strengthen the friendshio between the United states and the chole of Africa, asthe United King&m succeededin doing under Margaret Thatcher’s party at the time of Zimbabwe’s accessi to independence. : 115. The underdeveloped countries, which am today euphemistically called the “least-developed countries”, are precisely the poorest on earth, the countries whose peace and stability an: increasingly &ate&. Theii indepeIldence itself is being put to a severe test. Confmnted by serious attempts at destabilization, they am frequently the object of genuine external acts of aggression designed to accentuate the gravity of the difficulties which they have to face. At the same time. in the rich countries am to be found recruiters of mercenaries. who go out and gather hordes of armed, paid killers, sow des&tion and d&rive the citizns of the fruits of independence and freedom which have-been so.dearly acquired. :. !; .:.‘.. r- 116. Are we to believe that the good souls who:shed tears over human rights am going to condemd the recruitment of mercenaries and then profit by the crhninal behaviour of these mercenaries by castiag am&ma on these killers who come from the same society as they themselves come from? Not at all. Arrest ti~~~~naries and their licensed recruiters and try them with all possible guarantees for their defence: you will be submerged with letters, declarations, articles in newspapers and other mendacious propaganda publications of assoc&ions for the rights of 1 don’t know w@t peg@..:” ‘;_.‘:““;i;“‘,; 117. Through violence &d crime, .ccrtain desperadoes have sought to jeopardize Zgypt’s independence by tbc cowardly assassination of Resident Anwar El.Sadat, a great Africm leader of world su whose constant. struggle,fqr peace justly earned him .the Nobel Pqace Prize a year ago, me whole world will. w tbc exceptional qualities of this gnat statem@& whose mem: ory WC haiLgad .whose brutal &a@ we.gr@@tpgret,,.: 118. The violence ioslitutionalizcd in a political system and used by some to govern the relations between States represents a great danger for peace. The occupation of Afghanistan and Kampuchea a~ part of this daager. 119. In this connection, we wlsh to recall Togo’s constant position. We believe that peoples must have the freedom to ~XDIVSS their wlitical choice without anv foreian interferen& The oc&pation of a country by f&cc g&s against the Charter of the Unhed Nations. We appeal to all the States rnwemed to apply without delay the tesoluthe tillIts or muknal unity an?. lwzuse lhr0ugl10u1 Ihcir history ihey Ownselves have bad to fight to &icve their .wa&y, -::--. - 121. Rx Togo. the fife ammpli has never created any d&l& Inle.rfin the intea-rud affairs of Stales and the military occupadon of counbiea by other countries disturb g ydxtbe indepcndcuce and frccd&n of 122. With wgard to the majority of d~c great problems d thy, Togd tit the concern of other nations. The in&m and fcdom which we have wrested ;II the p-kc of great sacrifices musl be given lo other peoples wwl ccwunue (0 suffer. 123. As rcganis South Africa, as was rcccndy stated by the Pmside~t of the Togokse,Re~blic. General of the Army G&&be Eyeatnlal --ItIp clmN131 BEcoMDodate itself to the situation of InjustIce and oppression which prevails at present in this region. wti a r&hue unworthy of man and of ‘our time and contrary to all moltalility is maintaining itself at a cost of unheard-of violence against people whose only wrong is the colour of theii skin.” 124. As far aa NamIb:a is concerned, the Founding President of the Rassemblemenr du peuplc togolaise and R&dent t# the Togolea Republic exprcss$ Togo’s posi- .lloni . . : .:.- “In the case of Namibia. whose achievement of independence Is inevitable. logo, like the rest of the Af- &an coumks. wishes this accession to independence to take place in pesux, so necessary for all peoples. .I-‘and witp reqeq for * inkgrity of ita territory.” A&~&VC ’ acts will not prevent Namibia’s.accession to indtpendence under the leader&p of Swr\pa it.5 sole aulhentk repn?.seulative. 125. The eyes of the -whole world have turned with -. hope towards Western Sahara,. where the Moroccan autboridcs have finaliy aligned themselves with the sacred principle of the selfdetermioation of peoples, ‘without whkb indepeodence and freedom have no meanlng. Howover., all the partks concerned, including the Sahraoui Arab Deoiocratlc Republic, must te associated in all phases of this peace process, so as to guarantee the free upresslon of the principle of se!fdeterminaLion. 126. Concerning Ihe problem of Chad, my country’s position and the initiatives which it has taken arc well knnwn. Togo has spared no efforts within the OAU and in conoection with many missions of conciliation to bring the contending parties to the negotiating table in order IO find lasting solutions to the internal conflict imposed on the fraternal people of Chad, which has suffered far 100 much from a fratricidal war. That war has ruined the econo~njr of the country and, id rhe last analysis, has profited only imperialism and its weapons dealers. 128. To safeguard indep&i&e and fnxdom, the nations must work together for peace. Aa. President Eyad&ua has quite.appropriately stated: .: ” “The people of Togo ardently wishes peace and pro- ‘Sress for itself and for all the nations. That peace must be real and must contribute to the effective emancipation of our different nations. That is why, faced with the disarray in our world which threatens the intenia- ‘tional equilitnium. Togo has always advocated nxourse to fratcmal dialogue and permanent consultation in -seekIng in peace just solutions for the tragic conflicts shakhlg our world, which every day result in the 1056 of huoum life.” I’ /’ II is in order to avoid such pointless loss of life and to consolidate the independence and freedom of States that nations large and small must join their efforts so that they may complement each other. 129. In western Africa such efforts have today made it possible to lay the foundation for the Economic Community of Western African States [ECOWAS]. That organization is comprised of I6 States that have decided to rcgroup in order to create a market of nearly 160 million consumers, thereby offering the greatest possible chances of guaranteeing the political; independence and freedom they have attined since the 1960s. As was @a&xl qc+ndy by President Eyadema: “Thus for the past I5 years the people of Togo, reconciled with itself, has been devoting its energies and -its creativity to its development. II is that regained serenity that today makes it possible for our country to participate actively with IS other States in the restructuring and definition of the goals of our common enterprise aimed at economic integration, EXOWAS. That Community is progressively developing its action in the interest of its populations, which are thus mobilized around consistent goals and invitea IO embark unreservedly upon a new lift .in a spirit of solidarity and progress.” / 130. In a world .in which selfishness reigns, the in&- pendence and freedom of nations cannot be guaranteed unless they understand the urgent need for complementarity and join together to put an end to injustice and to provide the .con$tions necessary for peace throughout the world. - I3 I. Without peace and stability the independence -of Sfatcs is but a vague expression. Without economic indcpcndencc freedom is an illusion, for, as President Eyadfma has said, “III a world in disarray that is profoundly gripped by doubt. our action must be directed towards seuling the essential problems confronting our various societies: famine. disease and ignorance”. 132. That is the mission which the Prcsidcnt of the Togolese Republic deeply bclievcs should bc undertaken by men of good will if they really wish to defend the indepcndence of nations and to safeguard fhc fmedom of peoples. 134. Mr. ROMBRO’ ALVAREZ GARCfA (Bolivia) (inrerprelation from Spanish): The &legation of-Bolivia congratulatea Mr. Kitii on his election to the high post of the presidency of the thhty-sixth session. His personal qualities and hhr broad professional experience gusrantee objective leadership and .success for .our debates. 135. We also wish to thank Mr. von Wechmsr for his .outstanding work and in particular for his contribution to the preparatory work for global negotiations, a central issue for the new expectations of the world. 136. We wish to express particular gratitude and appmciation to the Secretary-General for his efforts to bring about international peace and security. 137. .Bolivra, a signatory of the,Charter at San Francisco, offers a fraternal welcome to the two youngest Member States of the Organisation, Vanuatu and Belize.. :. 138. In the past year the world situation has visibly deteriorated. The number of victims of war, exodus, hunger, terrorism and fanatic violence is increasing day by day in the vast areas of the world in which there am conflicts. The tensions between the major blocs are becoming more acute and am making in :mational security mom precarious. Consequently in all its aspects the arms race is accelerating and is consuming resources that am needed for the ecoaomic. social,andcuhur~ *veiopment,of freeples. 139. As is the case with endeavours to bring about peace, many efforts to bring about justice have been thwarted, and neither the will of the General Assembly nor ‘the agreement of the Security Council, so often obstructed by vetoes, have managed to enforce the fundamental principles of the Charter. Contrary to the fum ma- : jority decision of the intemat~onat community, there CMthme to exist certain unscceptable attitudes -of racial discrimination, warlike aggression. domination and colonialist plunder, occupation of territories by force, and new andsmisterforulsaffanaticiE.m. ,I-: : ..*a,. :., ,: ~140. Throughout its history Bolivia has Named the painful lessons of aggression and injustice, and we would once agsin mpest ouradherence to the inviolable principles of sovereignty, independence, self-determinaUou, ‘imn-htervenUon aud t&2 territorial integdty of Ststes. 141. As part of this clear foreign policy of Bolivia we would express our support for the restoration of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, and in particulsr for the liberation of the occupied Arab territories. The inadmissibility of the acquisition of tprritories through force of arms is a substantive part of Rolivia’s foreign policy. 142. We accept that Israel has the uuquc;tionable right to live within secure and recognised boundaries. 144. We condemn the occupation: of Afghsnistan, ,thc presence of invading troops in Kampuchea and the j$gsl colonial domination in Namibia. : . . .‘; ;,’ 145. We consider it indispcnsabic’for South Korea&d North Korea to resolve their differences by means of ditect din&~, with the co-opemdon ,of @a Se++ry-+tp: erai.. 146. Finally, we reiterate Bolivia’s unswerving position of support for Argentina’s just demand regarding the I@lvh Islands. a . . , . . : i...: : ,, :. ‘:;. 147. In addition to these disruptions in the area of justice and peace, there exists a serious delay in efforts to bring about a new intemstional cco~rnic Order and, in particular, in initiating the global negotiations which might make it possible for us to co-ordinate intematkmal efforts in the areas of the economy and development, introducing the criterion of change. Par change is essential and csnnot be postponed, since hunger, ignorance and the frustration of the people only encourage subversion and violence. Them is no need to stress the moral legitimacy of these goals, because underlying all confiicts in our time there msy be found a growing dlslucation: the prosperity and power of.the wealthy communities and in contrast the stagnation, poverty. aud impotence of .t$ third world. :! * : ‘!‘: .. ,- . . ,,. : s. ‘148. We believe’& the global ne.gotiittions. which have been held up by prucedural details. must begin as saon as ;possible. South-South co-operation, which has been adnii- .rably planned and carried out by the Group of 77, must move towards the goal of self-sufficiency, which is.complementsry to North-South understanding. In this ama we must also accept the need to conclude regional agncmerits to develop and market our natural resources in a just and rational .msnner, in or&r to bring +s the Iegitimate profits that will make it possible-for ,g,to meat..* needs of soci@ d_evelopmeat ourselv.es. ,j..;. ..r,.. .: 149. Let us say this once again: the existing interna- -tional economic or&r is based on colonial and aeo-cnlonial exploitation which has been condemned by history. -.l%ere are still those who wish to perpetuate this, but it is clear that if peace is to be-achieved in the world thtuu must first be justice, and we consider that a new intemationat economic order must ‘preside ovet’ the ‘ml@tiohs : among all States of the world. Id this context ‘rat&- ’ ‘tionism must be elhnhtat& ss Well as the R r&L of “dumping”, by which some developed couatries use noncommercial reserves to bring about an artificial collapse in the prices of certrdn commodities. That happens periodically to Bolivia with regard to tin. 150. In this year when we arc commemorating the twentieth anniversary of the fotmdmg of the non-aligned movement, Bolivia maffirms its faith in the concept of non-alignment. We have a position of principle that mquims independence of the great blocs of the world. We mspcct ideological pluralism and the requimme~ts of eco nomic interdependence. We stand with all developing 15% In this lofty forum we would once again refer to Bolivia’s land-locked status which has existed for more than a century. We appeal for international solidarity to encourage the peaceful solution of our problems, in keep ing with the inalienable and imprescriptible right of UIC Republic of Bolivia to regain its coastline. This unjust situation continues with all the grave spiritual and material consequences for our people; it has perpetuated a state of tension in the area which one day could undermine peace and security,in America. 159. Bolivia’s demand to rerover its outlet to the Pacific, with sovereignty and geographic continuity and without territorial compensation, has won considerble support, including the support of the General Assembly of the Organixation of American States at its ninth regular session. 1 take this opportunity to express the appreciation of the Government and people of Bolivia of these pennanent expressions of solidarity by Governments and international organizations with the maritime cause of our countly~ . . : 153. Bohvia feels that the struggle against terrorism must be confumed and co-ordinated at a level as high as that for di sarmament. for this is a kmd of spiritual disar- ,mament mquimd by public order and by civiliid society. -154: ‘For us. America is the homeland”, as Bollvar the Liberator said. This has always been in the minds of the people who bear his name and has determined our com- ‘plete support for the process of Latin American integration. Considering the common nature of our problems and our hopes, the vastness of our territory, the broad range and abu&nce of natumJ resources, the rapid growth of the nomtlation. and our need to overcome cultural. economb’and so& deficiencfes which SUB beset us; inte- .gration will indubitably be a difftcult undertaking. None Gf our ngions, not evei any of the greater ones, Can carry out its complete &velopm+t plan without inter-American c43-opemuon. 155: Bolivla is situated geographically in the heart of South America and at the crossroads of the history of the continent. It has an important role to play in Latin Ameri- .can integration, and we have been playing this role In good fairll bccallsc it is our calling. 1.56. ” Our country is in the watershed of the Amaxon and the PLate and near to the South Pacific. Bolivia has them- ,.fote been a land of contacts tmd has bad a decisive influenw on ths.geopoliti~ttJ balance of our continent. 157. In lwcoing wilh its intearationist tradition. .Bolivia has actively par&$&d in the-i&r American Integration Association. the Andean hct, the lkaty for Amazonian Co-operation, the ‘Beaty of the River Plate Basin, the ConvenUon signed by Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia and otber agreements of the same kind. Obviously, agreements governing ngional and sub-regional integration, negotiated in the light of the development needs of our peoples, must not be subject to ideological deviations which contradict tbe principles of phualism and non-intervention in tbe internal affairs of States, so necessary to proper 160. We now wish to mport to this’ Assembly on certaht aspects of the problems which relate to Bolivia’s intetbal situation. In the fust p&e, Bolivians believe in the inhcrent values of freedom. dignity, solidarity and justice. We de& to organh a new society, with participation by all, a pluralist society where democracy is accepted not only in its formal political sense of electtons, but also with its fundamental economic and social content and as a way of life. 161. The land-locked status of our country baa hampemd ita process of development. Par this main reason, and for other mote tncidental masons. we have economic and fhtancial problems which have &used social discontent, and this in turn has led to political unrest. Mom recently, we have witnessed certa&~insUtutional problems which. thanks to the cahtmess and patriotism of the armed forces and the proved maturity of our people, have been dealt with without bloodshed. ..: :. 162. A fum and respected Government rules national life. Public or&r reigns in Bolivia, and work is guaranteed as a right. We consider the people, the Bolivian clt- Izen, as a protagonist of history and of our national life. We believe that nothlug is mom pm&us than the human capital of a nation. Therefore, all the business of the State and its growth policy for the economy is directed to promoting the well-beiig of its people and to the full development of the human personality. 163. In the programme for this great political plan with its omdominanUv social content the Bolivian workers in the’tields, the mines and the cities occupy the preferted nlace. Both public freedom and fundamental human rights & respected in Bolivia, whem there am 40~ no polilical prisoners. Soon a special envoy from the United Nations will vish our country at the spontaneous nquest of our Government to confii that we have a climate of fteedom, peace and security in which Boliviaus can carry out 164. In &fence of the morality~of our people and in support of the .universal dcsim to eliminate illicit drug traffic, our Government is now Undertaking the difficu!t but irrevocable task of combating and eliminating the chmdestlne production of narcotics and tbe illicit traffic. In addition 10 adoptlng strict police and customs controls, fbe Government of Bolivia has adopted a number of other important provisions, including ths creation of tbe National Council to Combat tbe Ttaffic in Narcotic Drugs, the establishment of a government monopoly to control the legal trade in coca leaves, the carrying out of a census of coca-leaf productlon with a view to crop rcphiccmerit and a study of new legislation to suppress tbe productlon of. traffic in and consumption of the drug. 165. As we progress with this task the serious nature of the problem becomes clearer, and so does the impossibility of dealing wilh it without international co-operation. We’ have acwrdlngly suggested to the United Nations the desirability of joint action and have succeeded in having an item included in the agenda of this session entitled “InternaUonal campaign agah3st traffic in drugs”. We cau give no clearer evidence of our intention to contribute to the elimination of this world problim and at the same time of the ueed to receive from the Organization and fmm Member States, through bilateral agreements, adequate and speedy financial aud tech&al co-operation. 166. The Bolivian proposal is in the haads of the United Natious and its specialixed agencies. We pledge our constant efforts. and we also sugjtest to tbc tndustrhlir.ed count&a, where the major ciiiis provide the demand for drugs and where society is most seriously affeeteJ by this vice, that there is an urgent need for a substantial contribution from them in support of tbe aims of this gnat effort of re4ienlption. 167. It is in a spirit of truthfulness that we have enumerated some of the frustrations of the Organization, but we wish to draw from these negative comments the affii- Uve conclusion that, bowever complex the problems may be, il is our duty to persist in our search for solutions within the United N@us in keeping with the norms af thcchartu 168. Bolivia, a land-locked nation, miterates its confidence in ju~.Uw, its faith in the world Organlzatlon and its ccrtaintv that the evils of war. uovertv and discrimination will ok day be eradicated t&ugh ke spiritual force that aids us: unlvd soudarity, the fouQd&n of out hops for progress arid peace. .- .. 169.. Mr. MROUDJAE (Comoros) (imerprelatioir $om Fret&): II is with dfzp emotion that 1 come to this rostrum on the eve of the funerai ceremonies at which the fraternal Egyptian people aud the whole world will mourn Resident Anwar El Sadat. May the peace of the Ahnighty be whb him. We feel his death as a great loss, not only for Egypt, which loses one of its greatesrsons, but also for manlUnd. We mu61 condemn the Ignoble deed which cost him his life and wounded many members‘& the diplomatic corps. I wish to ask the delegation of Egypt to be good enough to transmit to the family of the deceased 171. May I also be permitted to aeknwledge the cornpctence witb which his pmde-cessor, Mr vou We&m& fulfilled w mfssiqn we entrustad to m* -‘-:-‘-;;: :; ..-:. 172. 1 should also like to extend a welcome to V~MIUU and Belize. which have now joined the ranks of the @at fsmilyofnations. Iwishtoass~thunofthecead&a of my Govenuneut to co-operate wlrh them. : 173. On behalf of my delegation 1 should also like to express the admiration and respect which we have in tbe Comoros for the Secretary-General and the U&ss efforts be is making In the service of peace throughnut the world. In view of the tribulations and multiple dangers Uueate&g mankind, tbe delicacy and difficulty &tbwetU inthetaskswilbwhfchwehaveentnrstedhbn~mom clearly se&u. ,’ _ 174. Perhaps never before have tbe peoples and States whtch we govern felt so strongly tbe t&at whlcb dally weighs upon them and which may at any moment imperil their very existence. Hence, it is urgent to adopt measmes to express in terms of action the prhtciples of law and justice wh&b am wfiuy into the $uty d the United NiltiOlU. _:. :. -. .z.:I :.:..; 175. Millions upon millions of human beings ate pkinatheirhuneSintheOraardzaUon.Thotisatt~ m&onsibUit~, but It is -not too gn?.at for our nations. Throughout the whole of its ex&encc tlte United Nations has~forJusUceaadpeace,aadlhisismtchel~d its merits. Millions of meu, yesterday reduced to axplditation and colonialism, are today upright, proud and wmhIed to be lwognhl for what they am, namely, human beings. However, in .or& that the community of Strleo may continue to be credible. a new structute based ott mu&l understsnding must be given to intwuatlonal nlr- Uons. We must demonstrate that the conf&nce thrt au peoples nqose in it is not mispked. We mwa pwc, if odytoourwlve-9,thatw8meapabIedsbavhIgtbrtw yJw&y y gw reaponslb~ltlce .w.thrr we cm . . . ..i..:. 1.‘. 1.1 /, ,,,‘ 176. Thirtyme Members of the Org~,‘icel& .my country, are &king partieulatly rutely.from tbc unfavourable ecouomie situation wtdeb the world is up rlcnchg at present. and therefore every day the circle of uovertv. famine sod disease closes in a little more 00 iheir peoples. Those coull~. which tw have dccidcd to call the %ast-developcd”. am focad with tbe most awesome structural probkns. ic terms of humau as well as technical and fmial resources, and are suffering fmm one or several geogrnphic G climatic bandkzaps, such pc tbe absence of a coastline, insularity, drought, cyclones. and 40 on. Thus each one of them lives with these difficulties in its own way in accordance with its specific CM’ figuration. 185. -The unfortunate conflict which. broke out mom than a year ago between Iran and Iraq, on the subject of which we have on numerous occasions expressed our great conccm, does not simply constitute a thmat to peace in the region. The repercussions of that confrontation on the sale and price of a product of fundamental importance show to what extent the general well-being may be endanzred by any disturbance or crisis of significant mag- .‘. .I. 178. “Yet such actions must be extended to all the oiher vlti sectors of our economy, and this will be possible only through co-ordinated intcmational action and with substantial technical aud financial support, in particular from the developed countries, the organizations of the United Nations system and other develpping countries ,tiat are b a posit&m to provide it. 1 186. It is also the rivalry between the great Powers that underlies the explosive situation that today charecterizes the region of the Indian Ocaan and threatens to transform that area into an arena of permanent instability. In thls connection we can only regret that because of the nurnerous obstacles produced by certain developed countries, the conference that the Orgenization expected to hold at Colombo thls vear to studv the modalities for the imolementation of the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Fkxe [General Assembly resolution 2832 (yl)] cannot trike place. 1’ -: 187. .The industrialised world cannot invoke the great values of democracy, fre&m and respect for human rights while at the same time trying 1~ &fend at all cost the most exorbitant elements of its intemsta and ita most intolerable privilege-s, especially when we know that it is with the complicity of certain of those countries and the support of their multinational corporations that South Africa today succeeds in maintaining thousands of Afrlcsns in a situatlon of indescribable exploitation. It is thanks to thelr ald that Pretoria continues to defy with impunity the decisions of the OrgarGzation by illegally occupying Namibia while systematically persecuting. tht- ,mpresentatlvc of its people. SWAPO. I 179. We can therefore only be pleased at the growing Merest that the Orgaaization is showing in this category of countries and, thus, at the initiative of the French Government in hosting in Paris last month the United Nations @nfemce on the Least Developed Countries. 180. One of the merits of that Conference is that it has made it possible for us to take stock of our problems, to cbrmiue the priorities involved and to define a strategy for each one of our countries with considerable realism. Uttfort~nately, we must deplore the lack of readiness displayed at that Conference by certain developed countries to participate ln a substantial way in the development of these tmotest countries. It is those negative attitudes which -underlie the impasse which the N&-South dii-. logue has reached and which, in our opinion, are particularly dangerous because .they can promote and multiply. cmfrqotatlolls. -: . . 1Sl. lb be sure, we in the thiid world also have a not btslgnificant role ln the success of the North-South dlalogue. We cannot overcome underdevelomnent bv conthing to devote e large part of cur mea& reso&es to arntameut6, which are all the more harmful,ln $at tbey iIlciwc .our depelldfgq qn the suppl$rs. :. :,s 182. -‘Tbo gnat Powers must at last demonstrate modem- Uott and realism and in particular stop glvlng the impression that theii fundamental interests are constantly being threatened. Otherwise. a new form of cold war will 6merge. glviug priority to problems of security and defence to the detriment of the goals of co-operation and development contemplated for the new international economlc order that we wish to establish. 188. We must also deplore the fact that because of the veto cast by certain permanent members, the Security Council has been unable so far fully to assume.its responsibilities pursuant to the unanimous request of African and non-aligned countries. It was because of that lmpedlment and the general Impasse that faced the Organlzatlon that a special session of the General Assembly devoted to thls important question was held right here last montb. On that occasion, as every Ume .that this problem has been debated by tbe lntematlonal community, there was unanimous agreement that severe measures should be taken to force South Africa to comply with our decisions. 189. Unfortunately, it Seems that neither our unanimous support for the struggle of the Namibian people nor successive condemnations have been sufficient. Only concerted and collective international action is likely to lead Pretoria to observe even its own commitments. For such action, my delegation believes Security Council resolution 435 (1978) inust constitute our base of reference. We must not now attempt to m-examine it under the pretext of attempting to improve it, for any hesitancy and any delay 183. ?he International Meeting on Co-operation and Development hat is to take place at the end of this month at Cancdn will give the principal Powers an exceptional opportunity to regain the confidence of the third world by showing that they will not go back to negative unilateral attitudes on the relevance of the North-South dialonue. We hope that this meeting will result in a clear cornkitmerit to contribute to the launching of global negotiations and that a basic consensus can be reached. 191. The attack upon the Iraqi installation at ‘Ilnnuz, which my country sevc~ely condemned at the time, clearly shows Israel’s deliberate will to continue to msort to force, in violation of the Charter. The means put at its disposal make it possible for the Zionist forces to extend their grip by occupying Palestinian land, by shamelessly Judalzing the occupied territories and by high-handedly taking over Jerusalem, the Holy City, the sacred cent?. of all revealed mligions. : 192. Israel can no longer continue to iguom the Palestinlan fact, the right of that people to self-determination and to found an independent State upon its own soil. I wish to take this opportunity to reaffirm once again the steadfast support of the Govcmmcnt of the Comoros for the just cause of the I?-desthtian people and for their sole repre5entaUve, the PLO. 193. In the case of Kampuchea, the Organization haa called for the urgent and hnmediate withdrawal of all forelgn troops based in that territory so that the people of Kampuchea may choose their Governmen cratic process. t: through demo- 194. With regard to the situation in Western Sahara, we have noted with sutisfaction the position adopted by His Majesty the King of Morccco, Hassan 11, at the recent session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Clovemment of the Organization of African Unity held at Nairobi, whemby he agreed to the organization of a refetendum in that Territory. We hope that this new situation, as till aa the atmosphere of frankness that prevailed during the recent meeting at Nairobi of the GAU Implementation Committee entrusted with following up this question, will make possible an early solution satisfactory to aII .thc p,arties concerned in this tragic problem. 195. Before concluding this rapid examination of the international situation, I should like to refer once again to a question with which the Assembly is fully familiar and which, as far as we Comorians am concerned, remains a subject of constant concern: the quest@ of the Comorian islan! of Mayotte. ; 1%. As everyone knows, this problem arose upon the accession of the Comoros to Independence. 1 shall not go into the historical background of this question here, since a specific debate will be devoted to it during the present session. For the time being I shall orerely recall thnt each time this question has been debated by the international community them has been unanimity in affirming that Mayotte is an integral part of the Comoros and that, as such, it should be rcintcgratcd into the Comorian entity. 197. Africa, supported in this respect by the General Assembly, the non-aligned movement, the Org@ation of the Islamic Confcrcnce and all pcoplcs that cherish peace and justice, is increasing its endeavours lo achieve this 198. On 5 October of this year, during an offichd vlalt to Paris, the Prcsldent of the lshunic Federal Republic of the Comoros, Mr. Ahmcd Abdallah Abdemmane, cottaldcrcd this matter with the President of France, Mr. Fran- 9ois Mitterand.. In particular, the President of the Cornoros expressed the hope that the ncgotlatlons with regard to this question thnt had been begun with the pmlous Government of France would IX cotttinucd. .* 199. The understanding attitude of the Pmsldent of the Fmuch Rcpubllc and his rcadhaess to do everything poaslble to bmak the existing deadlock, and the-French Soriahst Party’s constant denunciation of the attempts made by certain colonhdist factions to separate Mapte from the Comorhm entity, have led us to hope that a satisfactory solution in keeping with the relevant tcsolutiona of the OrganizaUon canquicldy be found to this unforbtttate problem. : 200. In conclusion, I should like to express the hope that the United Nation5 will fulfil ita primary purpose and continue to provide a forum for an enlightened exchange of views on intematlonaI questions. If we wish to have a new world in which peace, security and pros@y ate assured to all, we must tmder5tatxI that this wiII net happen by itself. The Islamic Federal Republic of Comoro5 will continue to contribute, whhln the llmlta of ita medest means, to the aridl&?veuleau of (he nqble goids~ w&tcp &to the ~. ,’ 1,. . . . :, :;.

I take this opportunity to expmss my delegatloa’s condolencca to the widow and family of the I@e.R&d+ af,&ypt, Any fl c&d& .. : .: ..:! ..,, 1, .:i : : . . . 202. On behalf of the People’s Revolutionary Government and the people of Grenada, I extend to MC Klttanl our warmest felicitations cut Itls eIection tothe pr&dency of the thirty-sixth se&on af the GeneraI Assembly. We am convinced that his outstanding qttabtlu, together with the principles which he defends. eminently qualify him to hold that high office and to guide ottr dellbcmtion5 hem. The Government and people of Iraq have always been close friends and supportera of our tuvohttlon, and our Government and people have reciprocated this frIendaMp and support. .We eagerly look fonvard to nttuttittg to ywr historic and beautiful city of Baghdad for Ute sevenlit Conference of Heada .,@.S@te or Govcmtnent @ Nott- Augyd Cowtries.;, ~;..c..~y .~.. : .., ., ‘i‘ : .I. 203. May 1 also at this junctutc expr& my delegation’s deep appreciation of the efficiency with which his pmdecessor, Mr. von Wechmar, carried out his particularly difticult task during the thirty-fifth session of the General Assembly and the eighth emergency special session. 204. For us in the Caribbean, it is a source of deep joy to wclcomc to the United Nations the sister State of Belizc. Our Prime hlinistcr, who participated in the celebration of that country’s indcpc&ncc, witnessed for bimsclf the militant enthusiasm of the people of Relizc for their 205. ~,Slmll&y,‘Gren& extends its greetings to Ihe’Repg’af:vnll~.nnd yeicomes 11 to lhls family of tlir- ) a c . . . ~O~.~.;‘G&IIJP is’.now ln’its third -year of natlonsJ reconstsdiim. nnd.some stem to be confused aud to bc bent on confuslng others as to the nut character of our revolution. From this rostrum we wlsh to reiterate that ours is a genulae national effort alnred at the transformation of the unacceptably poor quality and condition of life of our people. The broad objectives of our tevolutlon arc: to pro- -vi& for the n~rlal and spiritual development of all our people; to ensure polhical, economic and socld Justice for the working people; to forge broad natlonnl unily based on pat&lsm and a deep commitment to natlonbullding; to ensure economic diverslflcation; to develop sctentlflc methods of plnnning and ~organlzaUot~ and urgently to develop our natural and human resources; and to build rind strengthen allinnces with the international forces struggling for peace and progress for manklnd, partlcularly with those engnged !world-wide m gen$ue.natioMi, libernlion slruggles. : ,I : ‘, ;.’ 213. In its continuing attempts to overthrow the Grenada revolution, the United States AdmlnistraUon is preparing to escninte its campaign against Grenada to the level of military hnerventton. This hnpendlng stage is the most dangerous of all. In August 1981, the Unhed States, a8 part of mllltary mnnoeuvms code-nntned Xlcean Venture ‘81”, staged a mock invasion on Vieques Island off Puerto Rico of a country cdde-named “Amber and the Amberlnes”. Based on an abundance of evidence, we rue convmced that this ogeratlon wBs a rehearsal for the inv&- sion of Grenada and its sister islands of the Grenadines. In addition, rhe recruitment and tralnlng of mercenaries In the United States, particularly in Florida, for use af$ns.t Gmndn continues openly nud unashamedly. .: ‘. 207. These noble and leglthnate nsphntlons of our peapie arc entlrely consistent with the ideals enshrined ln.the .chartu.oftheUtUledNationS. .i.‘. 208. Regrettably.. our efforts to alter our state of backwardness and to overcome the legacy of underdcvelopmerit &sing out of centuries of colonialism have been grossly misrepresented in some quarters. Indeed. a wellorchestratf!d and systematic campaign to smcsr, strangle aud overthrow lhe Grenada revolution was launched. : : ’ 209. In the fust place, this campaign involved attempts at destablllzatlon through propaganda. Sections of the internntionni me& have been engaged in a most vicious campaign of lies, dlslnfomration. distortion and abuse, to vliify and malign the good name of Grenada. For Instance, during Junel981. ‘144 articles were published. systematlcrdly attacklng Grenada while consciously ignoring Gmnada’s point of view. Huther, the wldelytlrculated dccUnxnWy entitled At&c& an rhe Anierlcas, released In Jamisry 1981 by the American Security Council Foundation rind the Coalition for Peace through Strength, and nmther nnnxd The Prisoner and the Poke State, a fivepal scriexbroadcast by CBS television in May 1981, project a most warped rind deiikaiy df~to+l lmnge of (j@,&?-&.’ -. .: .., .!.:. I ‘. 214. We know that the Unhed States has’denled having any plans to invade Grenada. However the fact is that the Unlted States has a well-known and established pattern of hUhUng agpesslve &on against other States while at the same time denying such a$lons and. plans for the& 215. Grenada has been done a grave injustice by the Reagan Admlnistratlon. Nevertheless, consistent with our policy of good-nelghbourlmem, Rime Minister Maurice Bishop has on two separate occasions w&ten to President Ronald Reagan, expressing Grenada’s preparedness to engage ln a dlalogue at a high level In order tonormalize and stabillze our nlatlons. In his letter. dated 26 March 1981, the RimcMinisk~ wrok ‘-. . . . . . . . . . . 210. .Qultc significantly, this well-planned .&tack on our country wd revolution was escalated shortly after a conferencc of newspaper editors from the English-speaking Caribbean, to which Grenada was not invited. This took place in Washington, D.C., from 22 to 24 June, under the aegis of lhe Unhcd Slams lntemaUonal Communlcalions Agency and the United States Department of State. “My Gowrnment .hns always wanted good relations with your Government and people . . : [and] I would like to suggest thaw our two Governments hold bllsteral discussions at the highest possible level to discuss developments aud to clear up possible misunderstandings.” 216. This and a subsequent letter of August 1981 have both gone unacknowledged. We shall continue to make every effort ~lo nonnahxe our relations with the United States, bemuse Grenada follows an esrabllshed foreign policy which seeks normal and friendly relations with all our neighbours. 211. The plan for the de.%abllization of Grenada has 0ow gOW bepnd the campaign of lies. We am the victims of economic sabotage, deslgned by the Reapsn AdmhUstraIlon 10 sIrangle our revolution. in April 1981, the Re.agin Adminlslration launched a massive diplomatic of- 218. The present .crlsis in the Wcstem industri&ed countries is placing an even greater burden on the peoples of the developing world who have been struggling IO allevicte the ravages of centuries of colonial and imgeria$t dO*0n. I .I 219. We have supportd and will continue to support the struggle for n new intematlonrd economic or&r. In his address to the thirty-fourth session of the General &scmbly, Prime Minister Bishop stat@ ’ “The present distribution of world economic power, wcahh and living standards is manifestly unjust. It derives from the I& history of Imperialist ex$n!iion and control of the third world. We seek to change this order and to substitute for it a new international economic order * . .‘! 127th tweeting. para. 361. 220. ’ That remains an urgent, realistic and attainable objective, end we must redouble our effor$+tq cosun.he early achievement of those go@.. ; 221. Grenada calls also for the early launching of the global negotiations. We believe that the totality of Issues that are central to a healthy. just and equitable world order must be discussed in one forum. In that context, .Grenada is prepared to offer and endorse proposals that would genuinely advauce economic justice for the exploited peoples of the world. The task is urgent. The time for rhetoric has passed. We see the world 86 one world, a. world of interdepcndeuce. There must be.8 mcm.quit.able distribution of the world’s, wealth. . . . . . . . .., 222. We therefore warmly welcome the upcoming Cancdn meeting and applaud the leaders of Mexico and Austria for that helpful. creative and bold initiative. Mention must also be. made’of the tireless efforts of Mr. Bran& Chairman of the Independent Commission on Intema- Uonal Development Issues and a true world statesman in this search for global justice. In this mgatd. .we am very heartened by the more positive .reeeptlon now befng shown be develoned countries like Canada and France towards ~thequestibn of the North-South dialogue and the need. for a restructured world order. The 8uceeas of Cancdn nsts upon the just, honest and princlplcd attitude of nations. ‘Ihe world expects a mom ~&tive approach from those whose intransiftence .ha8 b&eked pmgFts$. on tbof+. issues in the past. 223. Once again Grenada feels obliged to address the world, and especially the wealthy industrirdlzed world, on the questlon of the plight of small island developing States. A sixcable portion of the membership of this family of nations, in fact some 30 members, belong to this category. They arc sovereign national entities with no frontiers but the sea, with land areas of I .b@ square kilome&s or less and a population of SCUJ.OOt~or less. 224. Tivn years ago, the Prime Mhdstcr of my country, Maurice Bishop, dcclrucd from this rostrum that those is- 225. The response has been far from encouraging. ‘Bach day the dlsadvantages we suffer become mom glaring, whilst very little momentum, if any at all. has-been r&r-. velopcd towards overcoming our hamheaps. ’ 1 ! :. 226. In addition to the problems of ~~41 siz.ec. amall population and small Internal market, very often some suffer the added &advantage of mmotuIEsG. Remo&aess dcscrlbes a country’s peripheral shuation vis+vis tk world economic Gystem, its inaceess ibility d? to the infrequency and untoliability of transport and eommunicadon links, or frimply its geographical location far away,,: rdntively, from a mom developed centm., ” I’- ” “. 227. ’ The elementa of rmallaess and physical nnnll?nrra do Ml iD thcm.5elves cooE.thllte the real ha&caps, however. At any rate, those are constant. What we am concemedaboutandwhatcansluelyberemedicdatetk economic and SOCM consequMws of those physical 6itua- Uons, which consequences frustrate our efforts as Govemmen16 and peoples in those stnaIl isIan&, or at best aeverely re5&ict tly level of positive rc-auhs om ,ef$rts bring, : I (. : .- ... ,:. . :\c.: 228. ‘The wonomlc and social consequences’.of amalIncss In the pmsent world economic system ioclude the following: fit, limit4 resources; 6eeondly, an ahmst total dependence,on external mtukets’duc to the very limited itltcrIlal market; thirdly, lack of an adequate number of trained personnel-those who mcclve an appreciable level of training soon go off to better Iiving staadards and mom attractive salaries in metropolitan cantres; fourthly, lack of InstituUons and organixatit~~9 deslgncd for modem production; frfthly, a low level of treientitic and tcehnological Loow-m; sixthly, the high Ievel of import6 in the economy; seventhly, plUpUity .&I MU-. rid dir@ers-hurricanes, earthquakes,. freak storms. which, because of the small size of the country, devastate the entire couIltry whcll thy mike, rut just OM ngl$l y, province; and cighthly, single-product. eeoru+&. 229. ivhatthManourspwialoecdseDdwhataretbe arms in ‘which the.mon for&mate c.@r ‘Iend their asslstaucc? First. financial asslstanceto help smaIl i8Imd economfes to equirt. illdlmd Idaats pad tha EIevaot techno1o&al ~rowss to enable them to obtain tI&maximutn b&d from their moat aWabb IWMXX!U’ sea; secondly,’ nlochtlon of labour hit&h9 idust& in small dcveioplng. e4mmnks with 4xunp&ive .labour costs; thirdly, special emphasis on assisting small islaod States in developing looally available sources of energywind, gwthermal, solar and so on; fourthly, assistance in processing locally a gmat proportion of their agrlcuItural produce; fifthly. belter terms of trade; aixthly, an inacase In the flow of development aid in the fomr of cxtcmal assist&e; and seventhly, the cmation of a specie emergcncy fund for natural disastcn. 230. Many listening to me today have the means to asslst with all those and more. They must now acquire r@ 236: Another factor constituting. a threat to peace and security in the Caribbean Is the activities of mercenaries. This is a matter critlcal not only to Grenada but also to many countries of Africa, especially since the assassination of the great patriot and hero Btrice Lumumba. The Caribbean region is the latest theatre of action for those international murderers-in this case, paid, programmed and quipped to kill by that notorious racist element the Ku Klux Klan, as well as murderous Cuban and Nicaraguan exile groups operating in the United States. Thrca Caribbean countries, including Gmnada, have beeo eat: eoed by those dogs .of wars ” 231. At this point permit me to express my delegation’s deep dlstmss at the sudden death of the President of Ecuador, Jalme Roldbs. and the former Chief of State of Fknama, General Omar IbrriJos, aud the sad passlog of the former Resident of Venezuela, Rdmulo Betancourt.\ All were outstanding in their countries In their thne. Permit me to pay a special tribute to Omar Torrl]os. the symbol of panama?ian dignity. the lender and catalyst of the I+uumanhm revolutionary process, a leader in the Central American md Caribbean region, a world statesman. We wlll always remember the General who marched In the fonfront of the antl-imperiallst struggle. The peoples of -the world which struggle for justlce and freedom will not forget Torrljos’s fight to tcstom Panama’s territorial Integrlty and for the achievement of. its complete independence andsoverelgnty, .:.. .‘- 237. We thetefom express our support for the Ad Hoc Committee on the Draftiog of an International Conventlon against the Recruitment, Use, Financhlg and ‘Rnining of Mercenaries, established during the thirty-fifth session of the General Assembly [resolution 35/48]. However, we are concerned about the slow progress of the work of this Committee and strongly urge that firm and effective measures be adopted in the near future to curb and pro-. hibIt the recruitment, tralnlng, assembly, traaslt, fiilng &~of~C&. :.. ~.:, I. 238. Once again the &bate on the question of Namibia reverberates through the halls of the United Nations. We had hoped that this thirty-sixth session would be presented with a concrete report on the progress of the implementation of the plan for Namibia’s independence: We greatly regret that this is not the case, and we attribute this failure to the racist, uprtheid and expanslonlst n?- ghne in Pretoria, which sabotaged and scuttled the G&o;, eva pre-impleme,ntati~n t&s held last January. ’ . “.’ ;- .‘: 239. It Is regrettable that when the overwhelming majority of the Member States of the Organization, in the ll&it of South Africa’s intransigence. demanded the imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa, three Western countries, permanent members of the Security Council, vetoed the proposed resolution, thus shielding South Africa and coodonlng its flagrant flouting of e high authority of thl~ highlyrreputed Organizatido. ,232. PIor centuries the Latin Americao’.and Caribbean peoples have been subjected to some of the most barbaroub tyranny that has beset the world. The oligarchies have emiched themselves at the expense of the people. Tit10 ls the age of change. The people will no longer tolerate that exploltatlon. Those who Innocently or o&wise suggest that the popular processes of our region are orchest&d from outside are simply poor .students of hlstory, for the people who know their hlstqry ca6met b f- I . . . . 233. Grenada continues to be outraged by the atrocities against the people of El Salvador committed by the Junta. l%e patriots of that suffering country long ago earned our solldarlty, our bmthe&od and dur everlasting respect. We themfore hall the Mexican-French initlativc as an act d 6ua&ma&ip. We are proud to associate ourselves with the views expressed lo the recent faint declaration.a We dupport without reservation the View that the allfance between the Fbrabundo Mart1 Front for National Llberatlon and the Democratic Revolutionary Front constitutes a repmsent&ve political for&, ready to undertake responslbilitlcs and obllgatlons and with a legitimate tight to I.!#&lpate ln negot&ltlolt# op @ pol!W. Eettle~nt. 240. Indignant as we were at this triple veto, today we are even mom indignant ‘and outraged at the efforts being made by certain Western Governments of the contact group of five to modify and alter the plan endorsed -in Security Council resolurion 435 (1978). As it is, that resoiution was a product of compromise. SWAPO, the sole authcndc and legitimalc representative of the Namibian people, has made several heroic concessions to make that plan acceprable IO all. Thus, Grenada adds its voice 10 the many already r&cd to demand the early implementation of resolution 435 (1978). unmodified and uuqualified. 234. ’ Peaca and just& have as their necessary prerequisite and uncondltlonal rcr~ptance of ideological pluralism and rcrpect for sovemlgnty and tc&orial integrity. No one has the right to dictate to another, and wc deplore the arrogant attitude adopted by some who seek to isolate those with whom they disagree. We specifically condemn all eftorts to blockade Cuba or to pul pressure on Nictuagna by political, economic or military means. 235. All the= points of conflict and confronlalion cr~atc the conditions for instability. In order to avoid the Caribbean’s becoming a permanent zone of confronlation and tenslon, we have consistently called upon the United Natloas and the Organisation of American States [OAS] to 241. We undersland that the scheme to “strengthen” resolution 435 (1978) involves allowing South Africa to write a constimtion for Namibia. It is our unswerving I 242ts Fbtherdmrc, those manocuvrcs toattain mom con-. cessibns for the racist rdgirne serve only to bolster that discrcdltcd clique. Those mtu~eeuvms encourage South Africa te flout world aublio~ouinion, to persist in iffi illegal occupation of Namibia and to incrca& its agsresslon sgainst the neighbouring Skstcs, cspccially Augola, Mozambique and Zambia. This reality was brought home sharply when South Africa, In a show of profound and open contempt for thts Organimtton, staged a massive invasion of the Pco~lc’s k’ntblic of Angola on the eve of the emergency sp&lal se&on on Nanilbia. The Pmtoria rdgime conUnuc5 to occupy Augolan territory even now. 243. Gmnad5 ex~rc55e5 its full solid5rity with the Gov: . cmmcnt and pcoplk of the People’s Repubkc of Angola as they confront-the mUitary might of the racist forces of South Africa, which have grossly violated Angola’s 5ovcrcignty and territorial integrity. We further express our absolute dhsgust at the United statc5 veto in the security Council on 31 August 1981 of a draft resolution condemning the south c\frican iuva5ion of ola and call- 9 &g for the withdrawal of the racist forces mm Angolan tcrrlt0ry.P That veto by the United States constitutes a veritab& shield for South Africa and ae endorsement of the illegal action of tlrat outlaw State. It also indlcatcs the grwing Jmhely alliance between Pretoria and -wash-, ,-w. ..‘I,! -, .,. : :, .* : ;. .s : 244.’ Grcnads nxognim that the objective of South Africa’s aggrcsslve Policy and actions lo southern Africa is to pqetutc its Ehscist system of apadefd and racism ht South Africa ad to overthrew the lc&imate Govcrmnent of Angola. Hmva Gxcnada also &@iws that lhi day is na f5r off when the foundaUotl5 of racism will crumble ad the legltimatc repmscntaUvc5 of the south African &sle will ~gsumo th$r rightful and hMoric sole! :” ..t 245. Gmnada miterate it5 5olidarhy with the POL ISAIUO Front aud the Sahraoul Arab Democratic Republic and with the people of W+cm Sahara as they stmggle to attain 5elfdetcmUnaUon. Grenada welcome5 and witl give every support to the recent initiatives of the Mu ,Jo formulate a compmhen5ive pepce plan for WestaliSahanl*Wellrgcaupartlcsc0DcemadtomaiptaiaM attltofle OF goed will and genuine commitment io orderJo @q,qMLgc! .iw gutj;9p to 9 p!w. ‘,/ :; ~I I 246. ‘Regalding die 5ituadon in cyptus, w welcome I& nwmpuon of the hlter-communal tdks. It is our carnest bopethatthelalLswlllleadlotherestorationofunityand the rtrcngthenhg of the iudcpendcnce, sovemigoty, tcrrltodal integrity and oon-rdigncd status of that country. 247. Once mom, wc issue a call for the Pr.xeful rcunificatioo d Noma. We bclicvc that the proposals put forward by the Democratic People’s Rqxrblic of Korea provide a masonable basis for ocgotlatioos. ‘. ., 248. We wish to issue a fiim call for 5clf-dctctminaUon for the people of East Timor. 250. The -situ&ion in the Middle Bast r&&5 ‘t&se. grid recent event5 thcrc have actually. aggravated the conditions of instability which pmvail. ‘Ihis is manifested in Israel’s inctemcd aggression against the klcstinian and Arab people, in it5 bombii of the kiqi mtckarrexton violattng lraq’s sovereignty and dlsplaylng utter dismgrud I for intcmational law, and t&o in its vicious rud. lethal raidsonBebutands.outbcrnL&anon.. .!.%. : 2. 2511. Also conuibutbtg to the heightcucd tension m the regton ~89 the shooting down of two Libyan planes by the United States Navy over the Gulf of Sidra hxt August. We wish to register our profound idignatton and strong condemnation of that prcmeditatcd act of aggm5- sion against the Socialist People’5 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Grenada cnlls upon those force5 of aggrcsaion aed domination to cease theii Illegal military acts 60 that the maple of the Middle East c&t eniov their indeucn- 252. We also take this omnxtunitv to reiterate our fii condemnation of any pa&l approach to, or agreement on, nsolving the untenable situation In the Middle East. We reaffirm-our mcognltior~ of the PIG as the sole legltimate mpmscntativc of the Palestinian people and utpress our irrevocable conviction that the PIG must be a party to any full and ComDrchensive tslan for a iust solution to the Middle East conflict. Such a‘ solution must allow for a fully soverclgn Palestinian State and for the ina@@$ ripht;of,h WW peop1c.y.W @yf++ 233. -The real agent of dcstabilkion, aggmksion aad tension in the Middle East is Israel’s zionkm armed bv United Statc5 impcriqlism. zionkm is an indtsputabie form of rkism which, like its twin brother, South Africa’s apartheld, ha5 been nurtumd on aggression and expansion. Thu5 Gmoada,. in unhc5itatingly dcoounchsg ~zioni5m a5afonnofraci5m,dcnouncc5atthc5amctimethepartle5 that quip I5racl with the deadly, 5ophkicated wcap on5 it uliiiws to ma&ta& the rwlst system of zioni5m and to perpctratc ‘vicious acts’ of agBnssion agunst the palcsdnian pbople and t&l sovcmign itldc~lu staw oftI+ &j&f&. . :” . , ..:-i, . .._ . . . I 9 . . . , . : .,_s.. : . : : : . . t . ..’ 254. We call for the ratificatioo of SALT II ‘agreement andforaner4dtothemckks5mlr5ui2of’rtcwaKn5ff mass rlealuction in the imory qilest for military 5uperioritp How can wecontinue to Justify the tipenditure of such huge sum5 on arm5 .in a world cbatzterized by. large weans of poverty? The Fresldent resumed rhe Chair. 255. -In conclusion, let us nflcct on the follcwing. While them am dangerous signs in the world-so &IIIgerous that one is reminded of the 1930s~the troth of the matter is that mankind is not a hostage unto itself. Over the long sweep of history, mankind ha5 displayed a high dcgrce of innovatlvcncss, cmativlty and resilience. Man does have the capacity to emerge triumphant out of this .256. Let us ill ‘iededicatc -ourseNes to a more Just and !b+ghter world,for.‘all humanity. .’ ’ 2!$71;$iie PBF!SlDBNT: I’shali now call upon those r& resmatives that have expressed the wish to speak in exerclr of the right of reply. May I remind members that, in accordance with General Assembly decision 341401. statements In exercise d the right of reply am limited to 10 mimrtes for the fmt intervention and to five minutes &hti?s and. should be made by representatives .- i 264. ‘iMay thls terror network extends from Argentina to virtually all of Westem Europe, to Indonesia, the Philipplnes .and Thailand. The work ia often conducted through Libyan diplomatic mlsslons. The terrorists am heralded and welcomed home. Members of Black September and the Japanese Bed Army have been given safe haven in Libya after conductlna successful terrorist opera- Uons abmad~ Al-Qadhafi’s timpts to unseat other -Arab leaders-notably in Egypt and Sudan, but not Umited to these two-make a mockery d his pan-Arab rhetoric; Al- .Qadhafi’s use of diplomatic facilities as support bases for terrorist operations and of his intelligence services as intematlonal tmorlst instruments make a mockery of dlulomatk hnmunlty. Al-Qadhafi’s claim of the righito mu&r Libyan dissklents on foreign soil-such as the Pebruary‘ attack in a Rome airport on anti-Qadhafi Libyans, and possibly even in the United State&m&es a moclrery of the Libyan speech of Wednesday. Strangely, Al-Qadhafi himselfis mom fortlulght than his mp&e&uive. I quote from his speech of 2 March of this year: “It is the duty d the Libyan pbople constantly to liquidate their opponents . I . the physical and f& liquidation of the opponents d popular authority”-rmeaning his dictatorial lalulcilc~“nlust cgun~ “. horpe and. abroad,:.weq~, . . . . .,.. ~258. MC ADf3LMAN (U&cd States of Americall In the space d just a few minutes It is scarcely possible even to ouuhle an adequate, factual response to the vicious diatrlbe, to the tissue of lies, delivered in this assembly of nations .two days ago by the representative of Al-Qadhafi’s Libyari Arab kunahiriya (29fh meerlng]. 1 speak for my delegation and my Government, of course; but, more than that. I soeak for the American neoole and indeed for the tens of ~mllllons everywhere in’tht:world who today are momnlng the death d an autherdic Arab hero, Anwar Ill Sadst of-Bgypt, whose nobility and boundless courage in thegmatcauseofpeacewillstandfomverinsuchstark and ,&vastaUng contrast to the violence, the destruction. tbe tcrrohn .,tlla~ gn? the t@l!nlarks of. Al-Qadhafi’s Libya.. .‘. 259. .‘It was, of course, Al-Qadhafi who made a standing offer d $1 mlllion for anyone able and willing to murder Anwar Bl Sadat-an unprincipled incitement to vile criminality quite ram in the, world aside from the acts by the likes d Cihengis Khan, Hitler or Stalin. Yet it is the ap propriate mark of one who has chosen tu spcadxad vio- 265. The announcement made at Mpoli in August last of the desire to undertake the physical lquklation of hos- ‘tile Indlviduds, begidnlng with Rpnalr! Reagan,, beggm, eitbcrnsponse IJrcommcnt. 1’ .*;- : - * , ;. ,“. .260. That record is plain. II is grim. And it Is docu- :mt.ntcd many tima over, The technique used by Libya is .that of Orwelliao inversion of the truth: the attribution to my Uovernment of the very crimes against peace and Jus- ~PDL1bumPIIdgh~d.whlCh~~a,onthePclud& f@,&@,&, qw&,,,, -- a ,i ..I'- .I . 261. The Libyan momsentatlve’sc&e of the “terrorist nature” d my buver&ent. its pm&e of “physical liquktauon”. The clah.is outrageous. Tile salnx makes it 266. A second and mlated Libyan charge was of Arm&- &a’s “ambitious de&us for hegemony .‘. . whlchcoasutuie a -flagrant t&eat to .Intenlauonal peace and se- ,cu!ity”4hlE4 CXNlliO~ from a l&er who maintains an expdhnary force of 7,000 WOOFS in neighbouring Chad. Libya’s announcement last Hccember of a merger with Chad ~6s au expmssion’bf Ai-Q&lhaB’s aggiewive g~&;~&wb .bfB..Mp!K “eq@?~ ,$.+!!Yrl- -.&o. .: .;: ,: .I.. .i.. y ,; .,‘ . . .,.. i., ._.. 262. No masonable wrson.in this Hall can ‘MY lonaer doubt that Libya is a major source of the funding-of in& national terrorism. lids funding is impossible to estimate accurately, but most accounts place it-at hundmds of millions of dollars annually. More than a dozen training camps are reportedly located in Llbya for the tralnlng of extutriah. mostlv Africans and Asians. in terrorist ~rfic- U&s. Acc&ding io the scholar Claire Sterling in Thp’ Terror New& a work laden with s~~~iilcs. Al-Qadhafi made his fust inve5tnunt In %l@U&n terrorism &road by providing the funds, the arms and the trainiog for the Muuich Olympic massacm in 1972. 267. Just two days ano press reports indicated that Ali Qadhafi was esc&ting~& conSEt in Chad by dispatching ~01umns of minforcements and Soviet-built bombers to strengthen his troops fighting in that tragic battle. Shortly after his initial invasion Al-Qadhafi hlmself said, “We consider Niger second in lime to Chad”. 268. This is no’biiral issue between the United States and Libya.:11 is, rat& an issue between Libya and its oelghbours. I can do no better than to cite African outrage over this Libyan c.xpansionism. In P&ruary of this I 269, .Tbls is just the beginning. The Preshi.ent of Niger, the President of Mali and the President of Sudan have charged the Jdbyans with attempts to overthrow their Governments, The Governments of Senegal and Gambia have charaed the Libyans with imtuisoning their nationals snd puttiaiig t&n into military training a&htst their will. ‘l%c clvllian, ~democratically elected Government d Ghana charged Libya wltb internal subversion when it ex- @led Libyan dlplomats. The universally respected former Rcsldent d Senegal, Leopold Set&or, has stated that Llbyan forces are design& to destroy Afrlcg south of the ~.andcreateavas.Libyanemplre:~~.: , -, 279. Despite his ‘love of revolution and violence for tldr own s&e. Al-Qadhafi has given assistance to some ~VerNnClits in eaWering dissidents. Characteristically, he has done w with tbe most savage of ClovernmentsthosedtheCentralAfrlcanlImo~~rB~and Uganda under Amitt. According ‘to Claire Sterling there were ux) Libyan soldiers in Bokassa’s my v&n he Was overtbtwn id 1979. and Al-QadhaS dlspat&xl2,500 Libyan soldiers to help tbe blmdthimty Amin in hls lsst stsud in 1979. Both assistance programmes, fortunately for. the Central Al&n and Ugandau People, vote fallutns. 271. Thirdly, -the Libyan mptesentative .charged that WC gosl of the United states today Is to militadze the wbWWhlleUbyastandsfortotaldisammmemandthe end d the arms race. This is ludeed Orwellian inversion ittitaextrumefonn.Thereglottalarmsrimelnnorthem Aftica has Men spurted precisely by Ubya. This country with its small population of tmder 3 milllon persons pureluscil SS bllllon worth-d arms between 1974 and 197& d which $3.6 blllidn drlginatcd ht the Soviet Union. 272. The P&!SIDBNT: I am s&y that I have to Interopt the.fipuker, but the. lOminute period is up May I dmfore jsk.ldm to a kind enough to conclude his ststcnmt. :_,

1 am concluding now. 274. Pomthly, the Libyans claim that the United States “aims at ptcssuring” Libya “into absndonlnp its nonalignment”. No such pm&uing has taken place. None Indeed is needed, Colonel Qadhafi hhnself feigns no substamive non-ahgnment. ln an interview th December 1979. he stated that “the Soviets are our friends” and “tbuse WI!0 slde widl Amwics WI11 be our enemW. 278. ‘l-he PREiSICllNT: Once ~gatn:I appeal to&. united gam npres*ve tq c+cludf t?s stnteme+ .. 279. ML ADJlLhtAN (United states d Alwrlea): 1 am coucluding, and 1 tccognize that this 1s very difficult medicine for the representative of Llbya to swall~. ‘flm truth often hurts. My statement will be availpble in ftth,to:, eny.repNsentauvowuungtoreadule~..’ .,. 280. I would end by seylng that I am delivering this nxmnse todav becwse the chief d our dele~atlon. Mrs. Je&e Kirkp&ck, is ln Cairo, attend@ the &neral serv. icesdResldentAnwarElSadat.atouwIngfigum,as sheobserve4llast~y&thlsHsIl.Hls*~ camerasa sbWmanandpexem&rpmvcothatbemism still lives ln the contemporary age. The obsceac celebradons in Ubva of this hero’s traaic murder must KO wlthout exten&l eomnknt. They &nd tile swllibnitieb d OUT delegation in this Hall, d tlm Amcrlcan people a& I -:- .,_

Befom 1 call on the tExt speakw to exercise his right of nply. truly I just uplaln for the benefit of all delegations tbat we have hue a very Elc4xwe timplece which, I assum evu)oaa, does&x dlsaimhmte between spcpkue. WJmt the 10 minutes am ttP thePresl&ntwillhimx&telydrhwtheatte&adthe speaker to tbls fact. Thereupon, the traditmit hrs Men to adrhimlocoDc]udeondtorcEettbe~l~forurcllytwo NlIUtCSlllOltMdtOilWNpthiinOgplbif~ejtceads twomlmnes. PleaseleavethislntltehandsoftbePresl-. dent.Iunderstaoclthatonap~ious&&knttidRe.9identwaslntemlptedwbenhewrpsabouttointenu~u& sP=Jy +w=. of the .eJiPh+! d.@ all&t@ We...

‘Ihe getteral$~wl~~ iust concluded has been over&&wed -horn Cab regarding the assss.thuUion BResiden;t Anwar FliSadat..Ifthem&alessontobaleunedfrWtltlscdlamhy, it 1s that violeti, and term&m will @VC Whlitg arxltltattbePcac.efttlsebleWhdtlmAmbIgt%elcc& Net-just as d any ok &mtllcGid t@o@ m.gtgotiptiono amytg ‘tbc sys @v@eJI.. ; 1 ’ ,I I-:‘ ‘ ::. y;;; 283. During the general debate we have witnaaed yet another spatu of the customary anti-Israel rhetorical vlolence in the Assembly. ‘Due to their consistwt pattern‘ our enemies have used this forum as a rostmm for the propagation of hatred and fanaticism and have opts tumcd .the General Assembly into an hubumen Israel incitment. But such rhetorical exercises can scarcely mean much, for the and-Israel obscssiort dkplayed in the United Nations is too ml1 known to be taken seriously any longer by people living in the mal world, that is, in tbc. world outslde the Organisation. ’ be confkt is not;and never has been,.bet~.I6mc! conflict in three decades, represents an attempt to tccottcIl6 the legitimate rights of the Hdestlnian Arab t@Ients .a+eless:people,...~.~ * ; . . of Judea, Samaria and t@Gcua dhicf with the q$!y 285, ;* w MS have shbvd bir self&. Leg*.W rights@ Israel* : .’ teminatlon in Jordan, which is the Palestinian Arab State 2%. The Camp Davld frameworh‘ for peace in the Mld- .by virtoe of its history, geography, demography, religion. dle East is the firs practical proposal to be advanced to language, cultum and all aspects of its uational llfe. provlde a dignlfled solution for the needs of the PalestI- -4 -.286:~rtPlc~uscofIheArab-Israelconfllctis,eod nian Arab luhabltants of Judea, Samaria and the Qara altiys ha8 twn, I!! tofusal of Arab states to axept the district, while .at the same time taking fscount also of exhuewa of an indeoendent and secure State of Israe! and \ Israel’s needs. It has been and nunalns the only feasible path to ueace In the Mlddle Bast. No other viable solution ttibir avmid com&ment to its destruction. There is no better Illustrati9n of this .point than in the support by these Arab States.for.the,termrist PIG. . . : :.. appears-on the horizon ” -._ ’ ., t. -I? 295:’ .Rather than encourage the annual sterile; obscene anti-Israel ritual, the Assembly should support those efforts in the Mlddle Bast which, together with ihe Israel- Egypt peece treaty, constitute the first steps towards a ’ comp@wsive settlement of fhe,Arab-Israel conflict. : 2%. Mr. EL SHBIKH (Sudan) (fnterpre?urlonficm Arublc): The delegation of the Sudan fmds itself compelled to exercise its right of reply to the statement of Ms Acyl Ahnuu Aghbach, the mptesentative of Chad, before the Assembly on klnesday, 7 October i3Orh mcsrln~l, con- 287. II should be. ~ncrdled that in 1964, at a time when Jordan occupied .Judea and Samaria, and Egypt occupied the Gaza district. the PIG was established by the Arab League as an hstmment for pursuing its goal to eliminate theStated~l.ItwosthenthPttheterrorlstPU)proclaimed its so-called Palestinian National Covenant, aiming aI the IoIal npudlaUon of the alstence ot Israel. That 6zrh&al~&~uIIthc~has s&cc been regularly .: -.. :.- %S. ‘As long as our rejectionist neighbours continue to support the PLO and what it,stands for, it is a sure sign that Ihey am not intensted in mconcili@oa and @e ConupJ@t(,alyatIgMl:s.~... -. -..... 297. .He Is very well aware bf the positive role that has always been played by the Sudan in its attempt to nach a peaceful political settlement of the problem In Chad. The Sudan, which is linked to Chad by ties of nliglon, cultum and history, is one of the African countries .&at best. understands the nature and dimensions of the prob. lem&Chad.Ittsaotbyacci&ntthat~~tour~- ment to the representative of Chad, who wlll fully remember the inltiative taken by the Sudan to unify the different parts of Chad. He will also tentember the motto of national unity advocated by the Sudan to the parties concerned.‘because Sudan had the hono~ to preside over the meetings .which were held at Sebha. Benghazi, Khartoum, Kano and, finally, Lagos. The sum total of these efforts was ptesented in the Lsgos Agnement on Notional Beconclliation in Chad, whereby the ‘Ilnnsitlonal Natlbnal Union Government of Chad was establlshed. ‘We hope that the mpmsentative of Chad will have’sufflcient Courage and honesty to speak about the flagrant v&tious of h pmWo.w. of that A~wt., .; * :. : :..i 298. -.Tlx delegation of the Sudan completely rejects Ms statement, which included allegations against our country, and would like to make the teal situation clear ,, .I .‘. 289. ‘The national rights of the palcstlnian Arabs wetc fullyrealizdmomthanthreedecadesagowhenthehei%thlan Arab State of Jordan was.eslabl@hed,on 80 per ceIq,9ftbz.~.ofpalesttnc.... . . 1. .. 290. “~Behveen 1948 and 1967. l&e! dld not control Ju-. dea. Samsria and the Gaze district, yel strangely enough themw4iswdemaudthenfortheestablishmentofa”Pal- .- Estonian State” iu those areas, for the enthe world, includiq the Arab States, knew that Jordan was the Rdestinlw Arab State. Tbe Arab counkles which now so sawUmonlou3l~ pmkxh about the necessity for a smmd khIesllnlanArahstatedldnothingatthetime.toestabu3h .such.a State,& Judea and&maria... . ‘: . . 291. The Arab leaders. themselves never attempted to c&cm! the fact that FaleMne ad Jotdan am indeed one. The~CrownRinceof,Jordanwhoaddtes&theAasemblj two w&a ago, on 28 September [J51 mec~hgl, will obviously recall his statement in the Jordanian Na- Uopl &emkUy on 2 Pebruary 1970: .Talestine is Jo&au and Jord3n is Ftilestine. The nation is one and the laud is once II 299. Fit, the representative of Chad has alleged that the presence of the Libyan forces is linked to the fact that Chad had been exposed to external threats. II is clear that he ~3s referring to the Sudan. That allegation Is completely untroe. The Sudan has never had ambitious designs on Chad. The contrary is true, as eyidenced by all the attempts made by the Sudan in relation to the internal conflict to help the warring factions in Chad to arrive at a peaceful and political settlement in order to guarantee the unity and hadependence of Chad. The efforts of the Sudan _’ 292. It Is also well known that the Arab residents of Judea and Samaria are citizens of Jordan. Today, Paestinian rdabs from these anz occupy leading positions in Jordan loo n!unerous to mention. The Hdestinlan Arabs constitute Jordan’s economic, administrative and intellectual mainstay. It is therefore ao irrefutable fact that Jordan is the Iklestinlan Arab State, just ‘as Israel is the Rdestinhm Jewish State. 300. Secondly. the alleaation bv the reoresentative of 301, It is our belief that all this is intended to justify ihe Libyan military presence in Chad. On numerous occasions we have rejected and denounced that intervention, and we should like to reiterate that the presence of such forces in Chad constitutes a direct threat to the security -and sovereignty of the Sudan and of the whole region. That was confirmed last month when the Libyan forces stationed in Chad violated Sudanese territory, which led us to addre5s c message to the President qf the Security Council ,on 16 September in which we asked the Council to take appropriate measures to ensure that the actions being ca@ed qut by t# I&y~;n fo!qs stat+ed ti. Chad ccatie.‘O ’ 302. Thirdly, the allegation by Chad that the Sudan is helping dissidents from Chad and giving them refuge is groundless. -The Sudan, as the representative of Chad fully Imows, has bean playing host to increasing numbers of refugees from Chad since rhe civil war. The Sudan is unable to close its borders against these people, in spite of the insufficIency of its own resources. We am sorry that the representative of Chad should describe such humane actions .as sheltering dissidents who are carrying out subversive activities. ... ,; .- I : 393.. .Lastly;~ tlie represkntadve of Chad has even told some lies about the Chairman of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unitv. who. he claimed. had sent emissaries to the Sudan to a& it t0 stop its .int&ference in tbe internal affairs of n Chad. ‘This is a lie and a distortion of the facts. Everyone, ,includIng the representative of Cbad, knows very well who Is Interfering in the affairs of others and maintab&g a * pr&nce b~ Chad.. ; ;: .I .I-.. . . 304. ‘.The Sudan. whose Rx&n Minister has reaffii before the Assembly that the p&ciple of non-interference in the intrunsl affairs of other States is one of the cornerstones .of our country’s foreign policy, cannot interfere la the affairs of other States. This stems from our belief in good-neighbourly relations which link us with six out of our eight neighbouring countries. 305. In conclusion, the Sudan would llke to reaffix its full commitment to tbe solution of the problem of Chad, in accordance with the provlsions of the La&s .Agreement on National Reconciliation, which provldes the necessary foundation for a peaceful political solution to the Chad edly a futile attempt to -averse the course of history and to deceive International public aplnfon. These ~ccusatio118 have been refuted In the past. tl&efom;l .will not indulge, those who turn a deaf ear @ close, their ~yv. 9 tk ~&tiesin&tT~o~ i .. y.;. ‘.‘, “. . . 307. .EZist Timor has &a an irUe& part of .tbe Republic of Indonesia since 17 July 1976, and, as tha As. sembly is swam, the E!ast .Tii people made every effort to keep the United Nations fully informed on and involved in ihc process of decoloni&n, as refloc~. in the relevant reports contained in documents A/ AC. 109/526 and 527 of the Soeclal Committee on the Situation with regard to the Im$ementaUon of the Declaretion on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. and in Security~ CouncU documnt S112104.‘~ By their action the people of East Timor have irrevocably decided, iti exercise ofibeir right to self-determination. to become Independent through b&g&ion with the Republic of Indonesia, in ~ordance with Gr@ral Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), ‘1541 (XV) and 2625 (XXV). Indeed, it is ironic Qmt the decision of the people of East Timor to integrate with Indonesia a~$ the acceptance d this reality by the ~ounfries in the rcglon as well as by many others from other regions continue to be ig nomd by some delegations during the F of-the gen- &&tl& ., ; . . I ..‘. 308. It should also be noted that since integ&on the people of Bast Timor, together with the rest of the Indonesian people, have been d&icadng tbemselv& ti the development of the province by improving the infm in the educational, 8gricultural. health, t&sportatlon and other sectors in the .implementaUon of the ober-all development plan. Much ind+ .tins to lx done UI mcome the backwardness resulting from w,d yws af colonial dominatipf a$ .@lge~~~ :, --‘:, ,.:,t ;. 309. This is the mallty in East Timol; and Indow& will oppose any effort to turn the clock back to UX elm of colonial exdoitation and civil war. No amount d baseless charges dan change that reality. My delegation categorically rejects tix unfoullqa. allegatlona ccnlahg East Timor madq by certa&..&leg@otu. !II .tbeir. *, lIlel.lts befo$ tbe.AsKz@ly, : :;:-:-.: .i’; :..I .: .’ . ...; 310. ‘hk. LESLI@(Beli&‘Tite dalegadon of B&Q intervenes at this point, to place on record OF delegation’s degofical rejection of the statements made concerning Belize by the Foreign hlinister of Guatemala when he addressed the General Assembly on 5 October 126th meeritrg] . 311. .?he Government and people of Belize have no doubt that the independence of Belize,attained on 21 Sep Ember 1981, was a genuine act of sclf-determlna~ion after many years of strugae. The People of Belize have rcpcatcdly voted in flee, fair and democratic elections for a IN- 312. ‘.% dclegatloa of Belize d&not intend to enter &to a debate with tbe delegation of Guatemala on its in- -terpretatioo of Bclizds independence. We wish merely to repeat our Government’s willingness to join with the Government of the United Kingdom to help find a solution of -. the contrdversy with Guatemala on tbe basis of the Heads . d Agreement. At the same time, we are mady to pursue ‘a programme of frlendahip and economic co-operation alb clfor our mutual txmeflt. :I j313. I. Mr.- ti~N (Somalia): In the 30th meeting, on 7 Octobu, the representative of the Ethiopian empire State made the tidiCi~lou~ claim before the Assembly that Ogaden was an integral part of Bthiopla and that the declslon on this matter taken by tbe OAU meeting at Nairobi was the tii verdict of Africa. It is clear that that assertion was a propagandlstlc move abned at confusing his listeners and distorting tbe deliberations of the aAU, which wen clearly in favour of continuing the search for a peaceful settlement of the dispute between Somalll and Etblopia over the rights of the People of Ogaden. 314.. As 1 polnted out In my stqtement on 2 October ’ 124th meeting], the Good Offices Committee, whose mc- ~mmcndatlotls wcxo adopted at Nairobi, was not by its terms of reference empowered to arbitrate on or adjudicate the dl~pute. but WAS authorized merely IO use Its good offing to bring about a cermanent Deace between these .two countrles.-Its recon&endaUons~cduld therefore not be. ‘nor do they purport to be. a fmal verdict on the dispute. It ‘Is self-evident that MY final solution should be in6 that is mutually acceptable to all parties to the dispute,’ id pqthlar tHe people of Ogaden, wm, fjestiny is at &+$ ,.:I : : . . .‘j... ,: i .,.‘S : _. . . i. .; . . 319. It Is true that wars are being waged wllhln Uie empire-State of Ethiopia. but they are wars of liberation and of resistance by the oppressed peoples of Ogaden and Eritrea, as well as those of Ethiopian nationality. It is also true that Somall military unlta Intervened brlefly In 1977 to help protect the pop&ion of the Ogaden f;om NESS extermination by the Ethiopian army, supported by surrogate forces, but these were subsequently withdrawn by the Somali Gove-t. In point of fact, It Is the Govemment of Ethiopia that can be rigbtly accused of waging wars of aggmsslon against my country to this day and. that is nuiltv of the most cruel viokitions of human rinhts; not onb in’ its colonlzed territories but also !n msp&t .oi the suffering. people of Etblopla Itself. The Btblot~lan representative iheifore has no-moral standing on the basis of .which to accuse Somalia of crimes which b.ls own Govemment continues to perpetrate against innocent dvllian life and for the consequences of which it is held. fully responsible. .’ . . 315.‘, The Bthiopian ‘representative .attempted to play dowa rhe .terms of reference of the Good Oftkes Commit.. tee in srdting that this was ~“ncitber tbc time nor the place to raise such extraneous IEEUCS” and accused me of trvine “to take Africii seven years back” by ralelng the Is& C? themandateoTtheCommiRtc.Butlfthomandateofthe Commit& is an extraneous ISSI& one may wonder what the ‘formatlou of the Committee itself was all about. Indeed, how can these terms of refezence be legarded as extramus or irrelevant Issues even after a lapse of wven yeas? Clearly, 611th an argument is Insupportable except In the stmgc and ccuwolqed !oglc of the Ethloplan up: lu.MpUve. 320. MC. MONCADA ZAPATA (Nicaragua) (interpretatlorl from Spbnlsh): Yesterday [31sr meef!ng]. i .representative of the United States claimed, by denying the true hlstory of Latin America, Central America and Nicaragua, to refute the facts and concrete realities set before the international community with great responsib;ility by the Co-ordinator of the Junta of the Government of National Recgnstruction. Commander Daniel Ortega Saavedra (291ir nleerbg]. Par from refuling chose words, the United .%a& representative demonstrated the open hostility of the Reagan Mminlstration towards the Nic- 316. Much is made by the representative of the empire. State of Btblopla about the sanctlly of tile boundaries lnbe&d from colonialism on the acccsslon of modem Africi States to Independence. But 1 fail to see how this could be applied to -present-day colonlallst Ethiopia. whae lawful frontiers should be those of the ancient State of Abyssinia before that State. under its Emueror Mendk Ii. joined the European Pow&s’ scramble fdr the colonL*ation of Africa and itself became a colonial Power. 321. Can it be that on the scnle of values of the pmsent American Adminlstratlon, “dialogue” means sceklng the political and economic isolation of those countries whtch. like Nlcarngua, aspire to genuine independence? Can It be that we should understand dialogue to mean the pollcics of cconomlc destabilixation. lncludina the use of food as P weapon of political pmssure? Can-dialogue, according to the Rengan Administration, mean allowlng the United States, speCifically In Florida, to train couni&mvo1utlonarles who belonged for the most part to the criminal Somoza militia engendered and created by past American Admlnistrations? Can it mean accusing our country of intervcning in the Internal affairs of other States. by allowlng. according to the Reagan Administration, traffic in weapons with El Salvador-according to Its so-called White Rrper, which even the American press mfuted completely and proved false? Is dialogue sponsoring through political manoeuvres the recent ratification of the Saccio- V&quez Canizosa Treaty, which jeopardises the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Nicaragua? Is dialogue the sending of special mlsslons to exercise political pressures and to distort Central American reality for some Latin American and European countries which are seeking to damage the prestige of our revolution throughout the world?-Is it dialogue when high-ranking representatives of the ‘American Government, such as the Permanent Representative to this Organlzatlon. express their affection for Ure genocidal Somozar4glme wlth such grotesque statements that the Intematlo~. . Connnittce of the Red Cross In Genevahad to deny them? I 322. With what we can only call great ingenuousness, the American delegatlon wonders who is really being threatened In Central America and Immediately goes into .a dIgressIon about our .military capabIlity to invade our neighbours. Let us be serious. Let us demand that within this communhy of the united natlons of the world respect be shown to those to whom It is due and that our mpresentatlves not be mocked, as they so frequently are by the ,Amerlcfm delcgatlon. How is it possible that mllltary advlsers can still be sent to a country at war, with more thau 20,000 of Its cltlzens dead this year, Pcountry that is armed to the teeth, and the claim still be made that this is not intervention? How is it possible that in an explosive situation such as the one prevailing in the region, arms sales to Guatemala hnvc been rcsumcd, AS they have been to Honduras, with which military manccbvms am taking place close to our coast, and that arms ‘;ure offered to Costa Rica, as stated by the representative of the United States-a statcmcnt that gave rise to an cloqucnt reply from president Rodrigo Cnrazo, who stated that that was 324. We must act tesponslbly. If we wish to have peace, let us trot promote war In Ceutral America, as the United States has historically done md Is doing again todny without care or mgard for the dead, the tortmcd, the hungry and the homeless. If we want pcacc, let us not introduce new elements to dlstmb the peace of the area, such as the “Halcon Vista” manoeuvres which are being cartied out for the fiit time with Honduras a few kllometms off our shores. To our official protests the Reagan Adnilnistratlon has sarcastically Indicated that if the Nicaraguan Government wlshcs to participate as an obs+rver,.the United SW, will cons@ .that. possibllgy.. ’ 325. Likewise. the mpmsentativc of the United States In his statement questioned a series of events that, according to him. have occurred in our country. This does not surprise us, since we am used to distortlons of our internal reality and to the open lnterferencc of the United States In our dotnestle affairs. Par our part, we are surprised at the sudden concern on the part of the United States for human dghts and elections in Nicaragua, a concern never seriously felt during the 4%year relga of the Somoza dynasty, which It. itself engendered. Nicaragua, true to Its policy of non-interh~tence in the internal affairs of 0thw States, will refrain from mentkming the sltuatlon of the .minorIties In the United States that am treated as secondclass citizens. Nor shall we mfer to tire effects of military escnlatlon by the new Adtr@istration on social programmes, which Is harming tnllllons of workers. Nor -shall we speak of the almost tnllitary measures taken agalnst the air traffic controllers, which have left thousands of people jobless,. or of the undeclarcid_ war ,+g$ttst *e Ir$ouF_ tqwnent ig, tt&. co\mlry... ;, ‘-‘: “/__ . . : 326. In his statement,~ Commander Daniel Ortega Saavcdra, wlth a high sense of responsiblllty, relayed the ‘declslon of the Salvadorian revolutionary patrlota to con- Itribute to the search for peace in the region, and today WC endorse that wise attitudeand appeal to the United States. -which is involved in the dispute, to glvc Ms serious thought. If It does not do so. if it attempts tu uchievc solutions that will lcad t-2 elections carried out In blwdbaths, it will not be long bcfom the war will spread to all of Central America, for it Is difficult to rontaia the pcopies’ desire for liberty. 327. As a great I’owcr the Unlted States cannot dcccivc itself. Revolutions am not exported but come into being and develop acconiing to the intcmal conditions o :xploltation and unjustice in each country. Nor should the “In my messages delivered to the Organixation of American States and the United Nations, 1 relterated . the proposal for a political and democratic solution which was made on 15 September in the National Stndium. I can say with satisfaction that that proposal was greeted very favourably. On both occasions ! received many expressions of solidarity from representatives of Governments which genuinely respect the principle of non-intervention and which truly desire a rapid solution , to our problems. It was clear to me that, on their part, there was a receptive attitude to our invitation to come and observe the efforts we am making to implement U@ proposal. “Without question, our appeal has met with the expected response and has also provoked an opposite reaction from those unable to agree to the .fi qecision ’ being left in the hands of the people. ’ “In his statement before the United Nations, the representative of the Government of Nicaragua supported thestance of the Salvadorian terrorist groups of the Edtreme left. Thus, the Revolutionary Junta of the Government of El Salvador has decided to reply to the views of the Nicaraguan Government. It replies to them in the United Nations, the very forum in which the Nicaraguan representative appeared to be more the spokesman of an armed group-whose main activity In El Salvador has been to wage a campaign of terrorism. sabotage, destruction and death, whose vlctlm is not some enemy they try in vain to create, but rather the whole Salvadorian people-thap the representative. of his country’s Government. “It is a surprise to no one that the Sandinist Governmerit was the only one inclined to fulfil so dishonoumble a mission, for from the beginning it has been tbe chosen instrument, with its territory setiing as the base -.for arms supply,. refuge and support for the armed groups and as a sounding board for their campaigns of false propaganda. Thus, in the tragic Salvadorian conflict, the Nicaraguan Government can hardly be considercd as a spokesman communicating a peace proposai in good faith. “Our Government has repeatedly stated that at no time will it negotiate behind the backs of its people with armed groups or, even less, accept the negotiation of a new social order or the ridiculous notion of restructuring the jnned forces to incorporate into &em terrorist groups which arc responsible for innumerable crimes. “It is a true ottcnce IO the conscience of civilised, peace-loving peoples when a Govemmcct which is de- 330. The United Stat& has always been prepared to elr- .ttr into.dialogue with the Government of Nicaragua and, itied, with all Governments on the basis of reason and truth and a genuine desire 10 achieve together that which none of us can achieve independently and alone. He made reference to the “White Paper” on El Sa!vador. The allegations, charges and facts included in that White Paper were true, am tme and remain true. We have not repudiated it! yl?l .~~rep+$iate it and do, indeed! stand behind :it. : I 331. The United States engages in bilateral relations. both military and economic, with many other nations, including those in Cent\4 and South America. The purposC of our bilateral relationships is, without exception. to assist s those nntlons in the maintenance of t&ir own freedom ~&UldiAdCpldWCC. : ’ -332. 1 want to speak also very briefly to an allegationmnde earlier today by the Foreign Minister of Grenada. It has to do with a military exercise known as “Ocean Venture ‘El”, which the Foreign Minister of Grenada alleged was the planning stage of a military invasion by the United .States of & country. The zeprcsentative of the .United States, Mrs. Jeane J.-Kirkpatrick, in a letter dated 22 September 1981.tp the Rzs@ent of the Security Council, Mr. Carlos R. Rdmulo, answered this totally unfounded allegatlon.,TJte principal parsgraph of her letter .qgcJ as follows: -2. .“Tbe substance of the letter. of the Government of ‘Grenada con&s of totally anfounde4t allegations about the United States/NATO military manoeuvres ‘Ocean Venture ‘81’ which were recently conducted in the waters of the South Atlantic, the Caribbean and other locations. Simile exercises have been conducted rcgularly since World War II, and have contributed to tile peace and stability of the PRP. The exctilscs have had nothing whatever to do with Grenada, pose no threat to Grenada, and arc of no concern to the Government and people of Grenada.” 333. Mr. ROSALES-RIVERA (El Salvador) (interpret@ fiqrr front Sparrrs/r): El Salvador wishes to reply to several huh system which not Only S~WlCS fdom and we ah&y ICWW ~110 manages and manipulates the mpmscntative-of Grenada. They were no surprise to us. threatens the very existence of democratic institutions, but also, under the pretext of the need to &fend itself O strings of their policies. At any rate. the Oovemment of i ’ agalast imperiallst aggression, is becoming a potential renada is in no moral position to judge the natiouai sitbase for more aggressive and expansionist forces. foreuatlon in El Salvador. If they am confu.. in theii own boding greater diftiiultlcs forthe Central .Aroerican repolicies, what can be expected of their judgements about Central Am&a? Let us remind the repmsl:ntative of Grc- @on. 8 .: 8 , “The Pt=nt Oovemment of Nicaragrm has nothing mpudlamd by the vast majority of&t@ &ncricau cow,-. nada that the communlqu6 to which he referred has been i 10 teach the Saivadoriaos with regard to the solution of tries., economic and m&d problems; cn the contrary. Nic- 337. Mr. ALZAHAWI (Iraq): The statement we just aMgum Cbhw Who have Obmd Our Process of heard from the Ismell mpresentative brings to mind a passtructural changes are the fmt to mcognize the depth and authentlclty of thoc~ changes a.5 compared with the.. O sage recorded by General von Horn in his autobiography. fraud of which the Nicaraguan people has been a viceneral von Horn was Chief of Staff of UNTSO in I’& th On move? from a f&lY dlcmwp Only to Wso!&rittg /or peuce,‘a he wrote the following in connec. estine from 1958 until 1963. In his book entitled ple into a mgime that is alsooppressive and alien to its ttueasplrations. ‘.. *, $h an Israeli investigation of a truce incident: “Thus. while in Nicaragua Ihe democratic sectomarc we were amazed at the ingenuity of the eslnmged f om the politIcal process, in El S&&or we falsehoods which distorted the true plctun. The highly are moving towards an electoral process in which the skilled Israeli Information Service and the entim press ‘- : people will txr able freely to decide its own future, parcombii to manufacture a warped, distorted verslon tlcipathtg’not only in a free election, but also ln tbc which was disseminated with professional expertise building of a new society which wdi be &I Fd w,Ith through every aveilable channel to their own people the asplratlons. of the msjorltv, and their sympathiirs and supporters in America and ‘Y’be action of the Oovemment of Nicaragua is noth the test of the world. Never io al1 my. life had I be- / lleved the truIh could be so cvnlcally, expcrtIy bent.” ’ ing more thana new intervcntlonlst manoeuvre. and we must respond with total rejection, slncc it Is only Sal- 338. That description .applies word for wordto the .dis- 1. vadoriam .who can decide the, formulas that should be totion of the facts of the Palest@ question by the UomGt applied for the solution of our national problems. representatives hem and out6lde. Unf0rmnately, it stems .Jberefore,.we deny tbe Sandlnlst Government the right that they have new support now. They have a.P$y found ,~ to change a proposal for a poUUcal solution which the strategic ally In the, united states. ..- i. ? ,@V&IUWU of El .%&at-&r has plad,$@re t& vr,o .339. .,In the international Herald ~hte of 3 @gust .’ .wlth tbe-full support of I@ people. : 1981, an article appeared entiU,ed “Sadat’S C+- “a &t~ process b e* way. b &nw S$iQtlSW+WSlsg lkSk.lCUS-“* The WhX stpted: ” .i : Elecuons councu will haod over to the poliUcal partles .. “* . . ltwasnottcoIongagothataEuropeanforelgo .<. thedraftelectoralIawwhlcilhasbeenprepamdsothat ‘&Uster mlsed, with hln Reagan the qtte6tbM of tile al.political .orga@tlona may have an opportunlIy to participate In the final drafting and to submit their -intodespairbyhisnsponsc:~ ” ‘poUcy of the palesthh pto!Ue@ .pl* $a$ @ut&ed comments and suggestions. In that way, the people “Them is no ‘Palcstlnlan problem’, the President is : tbenvtelves have bn foeusing their attention on a., .sald to have mph&-it’s a matter of .‘Arab~‘refugeas’ .;I: ‘- peaceful altematlve, which a p?~jority. baa supported. JohUng ;in.mevent that wll. atrike .the fi bhv yeara ago.” _ ,. 1 k :. .:.. . . . . ,; ;<. I 1. _ .’ who Qught to hav$.W.Puimllarrd by,!+#?$‘@@! ’ .-against those who have IrratioMlIy insisted on prolong-~ -3.&i& h&t&m of U&e, &&gy .wlg m that . ~gauselesss~le,thenbYaggrPvatiag~~~.~- -thoscofcahnostcxsUythcwordsthatwueti@ercd.by .- sQnthesuffeuugsofou.rfellowciuwIls. :- GoklaMeiriu1%9.AsoqortedinTbesIulduyTirmsof. “Once again 1 appeal for greater emphasis on unity London on 15 June 1%9. she had Uris to say: “It was not for a political and democratic solution and that we as though them was a Palestinian people in Palestine conshould redouble our efforts to prove to the world that sideriog itself as a Palestinian people and we came and that is the only course which is accepted by the people t&w them out aod took ,their country ,away from them. of El Salvador.” They did not exist.” 335. The delegation of Nicaragua can include as a 341. 1 have had occasion to refer to the credenth& of member of its delegation anyone it wishes whatever his MC Shamir as a man of peace at the 22nd meeting, on I natlonallty. What il cannot do without vi0lati.u the rules f October;andIshallnotrc~whatIsaidthen.Myrrof tbe General Assembly is to point out public1 from this marks are contained in the verbatim record. However, I rostrum that a person who is active in the opposition of should like to refer to some other Zionist leaders to Set ancUrer country Is physically SepltJ in the seats assigned what kind of peacemakers they rue. Mr. Begin, notwithfrom the destabilizhrg~role played by his country for some time In Chad. The participation of Sudanese troops in the events which took place on the eastern frontier of our country at the beghming of last month shows quite clearly. that country’s involvement in our iuternal affairs. 349. Since the events of March 1980, the Sudanese Government. violating all the rules of intematlomil law, has transfomred our embassy in Khartoum into a centre for harbouring dissidents of Chad. Moreover, that Clovernment continues to keep our former ambassador in w toum, ‘according him all diplomatic privileges, although the ‘llansitional National Union Government has mlieved him of his functions, The Sudanese authorities have either expelled or arrested those diplomats of Chad who wished to remain loyal to the tIovernment. As 1 .rpeak to the Assembly, more than 200 cltizen~ of Chad, includhrg the First Secretary of our embassy, am sufferhtg in Sudanese Veace with the Arab countries is imlxxsible with the present boundaries of Israel, which leave Israel : open to attack. Israel should take the offensive hnmedi- ..-’ ately and capture strategic points along its border, including the Oaza Strip, and then should take over the Britishbacked Kingdom of Jordan.” 343. There has been a lot of talk here ngam of Camp David, It is si&ificant that now the Israells can speak openly of tskhrg over the whole of the West Bank, dumping the Palestinians ln Jordan and perhaps expanding into Jordan at a later stage. But. let us look at the record. 344. Since the Camp David accords, Israel has intens&J the establishment of Jewish colonies--the so-called settlements-in the occupied I?rlestinhur and other Arab territories. Israel, in the face of universal objection and . condemnaUon, has illegally armexed Arab Jerusalem.. Israel has escalated its aggressions against Lebanon in the Zionist efforts to dismember that country. Israel has UCpanded the area of its aggression by staging the unprecedented attack on the nuclear hrstallations near Baghdad. Last but not least, Israel has escalated its genocidal war goals, beausi they refuse to mvolve themselves in the rebellion. .’ ’ ,.:.,::r; #. t ; :,;..; : \ 350. .What the Sudanese npresentative called refugees from Chad in Sudan are no m&e nor iess than a band of rebels who have escaped. I should like to ask him to what end does his Qovernment welcome outlaws of Chad. finance,armMdmintimlwiththeciear~Cof certaiu Powers. 351. ’ The Sudan shams a common botder with the Libyan Arab Jamshhiya, and it is therefom possible for it to settle its problems with that country. The teality is that .the Khattotmr rCgime encounters internal difficulti~ of such gravity that it has to sidetrack its people’s attenllon from them, psrticularly its army’s attention. It has found nothing better than to use Chad as a scapegoat by hnposing on it a war that has destroyed its economic and human potential. ‘The whole world knows that the Sudanese Oovercment has more people opposhrg it than does the ‘t3overnment of Chad. If Chad did not want’its territory to be used by those opponents against the Sudan, it w&t not bemuse of its weakness; it was out of tespcct for the sacrosanct principle,of non-htterfetence in the C teruai affairs of c&r States. If our neighbour attd brother, the Sudan, wishes this important principle-in the Charter to be trampled tmderfoot, we are prepared for that. Howe>er, we have to recogniw that this Would not be in the interest of our two fraternal peoples, nor would it be in the hnerest of international pee and security, OIIC of the fundamental ahns of the Organizatlon. Let us remind Ourselves of the coup d’&ar of Hachim el Atta in 1973, which was almost coxummatcd and thwarted only tbsnks to foreign intervention-not to say that of a neighbouriug~ against the Falestinlan people In what may be a drive for a “final solution’ to the whole Palestinian qucatlon. 345. Perhaps it would be appropriate hem to cite the words of the eminent British historic. the late Arttold J. Tbynboe, .who said in A Srudy oj Hfsrory:” ;:: “If the hehmusneas of am is to be measured by the .4egm to which ‘& sinner is sinning against the light that Clod has vouchsafed to him, the Jews had even less : excu~ In A.D. 1948 for evicting Palesththm Arabs : .,ftom their homes than Nebuchadnezzar and Titus and Had&m and the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisition had had for uprooting, persecuting and exterminamtg . . ‘.Jews in Htlesthte and elsewhere at divers thnes ln the -bpast. III A.D. 1948 the Jews knew, from personal expedence, what they wem doing; and it was their supmme .tragedy that the lesson learnt by them from their en- .- counter with the Nazi German Gentiles should have been not. to eschew but to hnitate some of the evil ..’ deeds tbat the Nazis had co.mmltted against the Jews.” 346. Mr. JUMA (Jordan): Many Rdestinian people who -. were forcibly evicted from their historical homeland came to Jordan in 1948 and 1967. They lost almost everything except their longing to return to their original homeland. a longing and vision that remain strong and determined in the face of all attempts made by Israel to stifle Palestinian rights and Palestinian nationalism, as well as Israel’s futile desire to liquidate the distinct Jordanian and Pnlestinian identitles. ‘Ib say that Jordan is a PalesUnian State or homeland Is an affront and an insult to the intelligence of *he whole hncrnational community. 347. Mr. BAKMA (Chad) (irnerprerafforr from French): ‘Il.@ representative of the Sudan In his statement attempted I COUntIy. 352. After the undeniable support given by the 0Al.l to the Government and people of Chad at the eighteenth session of the Aswmbly of Heads of State aud Government, held at Nairobi. we in Chad thought that our m1atlon.s -,-.358.. 1 8houId 1Ike first Of aI to deny all the allegations 1. mnrkt by the nnmsentative Of the United State.8 against my~try.~I.e~~ydewuncealihisWempte~sow the seeds of dissension-between the Llbyan Arab Jam- .ahIriya and its sister countries. The reptitative Of the United States has quoted from statement8 by African leaders for whom WC have great respect. His mlsmpresenta- Uons wen very clear. for since 15 September in this Hall we have heard from more than 100 representatives from Africa, Asia and other con!inents. and I myself, who have attended these meetings regularly, have not heard a single npmsentative level musatlons against ,the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyo. particularly those brOthus y”d .ie$ers whom we hold in gmat esteem and respect. 359. On the other hand, every repzsentative that has spoken hem has spoken against the United States in One prevent the denunclatlon Oc the. aggressive acts carried Out by the racist r6ghne Of South Africa against Angola. And yet others have spoken Of the obstacle8 pl+d tn the way ‘of the disarmament talks and the obstacle8 raised at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law Of the Sea. 1 Momover, it is the United States which is tr~inrt to II& pedo the ~North-South dialogue. If we attempi to-analyse -each problem facing the world, we shall pmbabiy find that the United Stais and & ~w +mbal&$~n~la * underlying cause. 360. The United States criticizes us because vine ate holping and supporting liberation movements Md because we am see&g to protect their economic and polititi, independence from American Influence. If this is 80, the Libyan Arab Jamahhiya is proud Of being able to help liberadon movement8 to liberate their c~u.ntrles. and WC deelam openly from this mstrum ti we help liberadon movement8 ln Africa. This fact was ackrmwledged by a groat leader, Bobert Mllgabe. who recognizdtho help which wo gavo hini in his stmggle In Zimbabwe. It is e -honour for us to aid the lltuation movementa. 361. We have had the honour of bel~in17 other 1ibupttOn movements, such as SWAP0 In its stiu~le to liberate its country, Namibin. We have denied none Of this. We am al8OtilphlgthePLOtOliberateItscomly*Thi8isnot 80methingthatweamylngtohl&.Tldsisnotterrotism, but rather assistance .given p liburrtion movements. i : . ._ I . . . ,362. The representative of tho.Unlted States has spoken about terrorism. If w are to speak of terrorlam, who helped t0 assassinate Pl&Jent Allende. and who assassi- MtedOrhelpedto a8smhtePntsiwLumumba?whohl8 helped to nssnssiwte numemus leader8 with the help of the United States Central Inteliiaence Anew IC’IAl? Who has used biological warfarE agdC&? ti ,bmncdthelandsafVietNam?WhObombedCamMia? WhOdloDm?dthef~atomiC-bOmbaozlHim&imaalKl Nagasaki?“Ilmu am numnxls CXfUllplC8OfthCtenml8lll . prpcw by A-. but 1 W Wt.py.+f p J!P= .examples which I &vo cited. _. . :. : 363. I should like, however, to refer to term&m prscticed ngainst my country recently which was repOrted by the Amerlca~ press Itself, The aggmssive.pct carrkd Out .bythaUnitedStrtesovutheaulfofSidnnpnsentslls latest attempt @ term&m, which. W&s denOtm& idI Over .,‘tbe~ld.Thntoctofaggrcs~onwps~dby~y hltemauonll orgltliz%tion8, &cludlng the OrgardzatIm of the Islamic Conference, the non-aligued movement. the League Of Arab Str:~ and numerOu8 0ther8. and many speaker8 referted to it in this Asscmbiy. Some Of them have cveo officially denounced that act Of aggression, and this is recorded In the verbatim records. 364. This aggression is supposed not to have been planned but I have a simple document hen from which I should like to quote. It is an extract from the 24 August 1961 issue of Newsm*eek, which states: “After months of debaling how to neutralize Muammar Qadhafi, the Reagan Mistration this week will offer its fiist tit challenge to the Libyan strOngman. :: .;;SaB. “1 should also like to. refer in particular to the latest ~~.$ma&an ,attcmpt,. namely, the new strategic agreement .,i;,betwecn the United States of America,and tho elonlst en- ,tity, The Ntw York Titus hns today published facts about “ this and ahout the intentlou+ of, Israel in the Middle&st. I,i.d+yxwW .to that paper: i - ” “The Israeli Air Force would provide cover for . . ..United States lransports flying units of the Rapid De- I ‘1.. ployment Force to the Middle East. Israeli fighters, the I>: : .sources said, could exert air superiority over the east- . cm Medite~i, in cooperation ,.wvifh-a&raft pf the ! United States Sixth Fleet. . . . : Wnks and other equipment for an armomd division :.:,.:, would be taken out& Israeli service and stored for use by the U&d States~Army in a crisis. The tanks would z;!‘-.~; be T-@Is, the main battlc tank of.@ Amcxicat~Army ;_ .:fw & ht &c&.“*.- . . 367, I do not wish to take too much of the Assembly’s .--.:time, but the whole.world rexdly:kncws exactly who the : ’ IIis and what policy the United States pur5ue5, :-..pad is aware of the fact that it is seeking military bases ; ,s:aud sending it5 fleets to cotm’hies.which are thousands of ;‘dcs away in order to &ose its hegemony and domina- .i. &u) op them, 1: = ‘i I .: “368. Mr. DERBSSA (Ethiopia): The representative of Somalia has engaged in his usual diatribe, and therefore I ~*‘i.am duty-bound to. answer some of the Woods )ac i;.‘rw huea . . . .I. .ii .I, !; ,i ,., . . . . . ;. *,:‘:369.’ The Good Offices Commlttee of the GAU was es-- tablished in 1973, with a clear mandate given to it by the ;‘QAu heads of State.’ It met at Mogadishu in 1974, at ‘-‘!‘l.lbr&lll~ in l975, at Khartoum in 1978, at Lagos in ““l980 tid, finally,. at Nairobi in June of this year, The ‘~‘~&coinn%endations of the .Committee and the decision “.-taken et NtUrobi based on them have been in perfect har. ’ tttony with the Charter and principles of the United Nations, the G4U and the non-iUlgned movement, ‘damely, the cognition and reaffirmation of the respect for the ... sovenlgnty and territorial integrity of States and non-in. ;*. terfctylca inheir intcmal ‘afairs. ..i ,‘..’ ‘i .-I ’ 370. ‘. Just as’ Ethiopia has from the outset always ac. i.: ~epted those deciei6ns. Somalia has consistently ejected -’ ‘them. This is further proof, if any proof wen nquti, of .” it$ utpaitaioblst ambitidns and of its desk not ,W Iivc in ,’ peace and harmony with its neighbours. 371. Them are no double Nks and double standards in the application of the fundamental principles of the Char. ter of the United Nations and that of the W. Somalia should therefore desist from the grave and dangerous path it has chosen. Any Slate which refuses to mcogniu: the .sovemignty of other States should not expect others to m. spect its own, since it will by virtue of its I;rwlessness forfeit the rights and priviliges accorded by the Charter, 375. That Is not all. The broad masses of Ethiopia have :“taken their ,right to self-determination a step forward through the popular revolution of 1974, which effectively -‘abolished the age*]!. fett+l system of oppre@on and ex: plo,tatfon, .‘.I, -1. ‘C!. ‘( .‘.,. I “‘376. ‘As the saying goes, charity begins at home. Somalia should therefore practice what it constantly preaches by granting self-determination i to Jubahutd and Xismayu;‘ which we& forcible snatched from .Its mlghboors by Britnin and incorporated hito Somalia only in 1924. The people of fomier British Somaliland, apd mote particu!ar~y the Issaqucs, have taken up arms to achieve their liberation. Similarly, the Majerten, the Gedebursie. the Haberawels and other oppressed nationalities in Somalia are fighting to liberate themselves from the tyranny and merciless exploitation and persecution of the ruling Memhan Clan, which constitutes less than 2 per CL%: ef the population of Somalia and which repnsents no one but a r&gime of 78 families-brothers, sisters, COUSins, nephews and .in-laws. 1 submit that unless and until the authorities who have usurped power in Mogadlshu practise what they profusely preach, their view on selfdetermination is-and I will put it.in the words of ShakeonhFrighb, . . . - . . . . - 378. The reprcseatative of Somalia ail along contended that the OAU was wrong, that its de&Ions wcm unfair, that tbev wem one-sided and i~lcon~~ictc-I am borrowhuz those words from hhn. Hc has que’stloncd the mandate a the Good Offices Committee, a committee to which his Government willingly submilted its case, a committee whose deliberations it attended at the ambassadorial. ministerlal and head-of-State levels. He has rejected the dccisions which, on the basis of the recommendations of that Committee. 49 African heads of State in their wisdom adopted at Nairobi. This, lndecd, is a serious affront to Af&a. This undemdnes tile prestige of tile ieadcrs of Africa and the credibility of our organization. This indeed is an affront of the most preposterous magnitude of which the Q9U. as. an observer in this Asscmbiy, must take note very seriously. No one else in our continent except the racist tigime of South Africa has ever so seriously ch@- lcnged the wisdom of African heads of State. 379. -In conciudon I would try to give the sort of argument .whlch the representatlvc of Somalia was trying to ‘.pnsent. The represcntativc of Somalia is an expert in syilogism, but In this case I am afraid that his power of reasoning has totally failed him. What am the pn%ises ‘~‘Luwn which he bases his contention in reiectina the decl- .si& of the OAU? lb follow his own me&d of-argument, this Is what I surmise. He is saying that the OAU invoked the orinclale :of the invioiabiiitv of State frontiers. Son&s wants to expand at tbc expense of its neighbours. ; Therefore the OAU is wrong. I shall sum uu. : 380. Tite PRESIDENT: l-would ask the iprescntativc of E!thlopla please to conclude his statement. 381. Mr. DEKESSA (Ethiopia): I have almost finished. As I v@ eying, this is a very rldlculous way of Faso? ,ing.. .. 393. As regards the repmsentati\re ot the presint Government of El Salvador we understand the feeilng of despair refltited In the -stateme.nts made througkut the world by the npnsentatvcs of the ptzsetd &gi+ and .what we have heard hem. This Is now becoming familiar. We understand what they say, because the arguments ate the same as those we heard sonic ycu-s ago from the Somoza dictatorship. But, as iii the Saumza cast. all the despcratc rhetoric ill the world will not blind the intcrnationai community to the ;linrnsions of tbc massacre being carried out in El Salvador. Nicaragua. havbuz suffered 385. Secondly, NATO is an organisation of the North Atlantic. Our understanding of geography ;s.that the Carsuch repression in its own flesh ;u2 blood, &not and wiii not remaiu indifferent to the assassinations of nuns, lbbcan is not in the North Atlantic. In fact .k know of at least one NATO Government which specificall$ refused to peasants and civilions, whose only crime Is to bc potential sympatbizcrs with rcvoiutionary change. We shall partieipatc in the military cxcrciscs iti the Caribbean on speak clearly in this forum, recalling tbc well-known prhltid pn~lse ground that the Caribbean is not in the North cipic that peoples subjcctcd to any form of repression or -382. I twrve. my .rlght JO, spe& agaiglf 1 dcem,it netessary... : 383. Mr. WHiTBMAN (Grenada): In .msIxmsc to the mpmsentatlve of tl-e United States, let rile clear up any possible misundentandlngs. 384. First, we made rrfcrcncc to one aspect of “Ocean Venture ‘Ii”-the one code-named “Amber and the Amberlnes”-not to tbc cnlirc concept of “Ocean Vcntum ‘81”. His response did not address the qucstiou raised. setllcmeut of the Chad issue. Ethiopian notables and leading dignitaries, .inchtdhtg fore .’ mer Prime Ministers Aklilou, Hapte Wok+ : and I$ 397. l%lly in keeping with this desim, the statement Mkac@cw Makomen, were murde& made by the Foreign Mindster of the Sudan on 1 October 406. [22nd nleellngl, in dealing With Chad, refcrrcd @y to I shall spare the Assembly the revolting details of the effort5 made by the Q4U in this respect. .’ the corpses left rotting in the main stn?ets of Addis Ababa and other towns with slips attached giving the reason for 398. My &legatfon would lure to say on= mom that:. their cold-blooded murder as “mv~htionary jpstice”. Nor .- the Sudan re]ects foreign intervention In the internal afshall I speak of the sale to relatives for money of dead fairs of countries, in whatever form, and would 1Ike to idme the fact that the sudan has DO territorial designs bodies for burial following the. bNt$.&iUing by the not+ , t-lous .kehlle gangs. : .!,,*I.’ and does not se& to expand at the expense of others, nor 407. is it trying to establish an empire. It would have been There is no need for me even to mention the bay. mom appropriate for the t ?presentative of Cbad to level onetting of children in the presence of their parents. nor his accusations at those who are occupying part of the the raping of women in the presence of their husbands. This is true depravity and I shall spare the Assembly the territory. of .Qad. & wm. forces are still .@tioned there. sordid details. Indeed, 1 shall spare the Assembly the 601; , CT: ! : ,I : ’ 399.:.‘The pretext tbat the Sudan is helping some forces _ did story of the physical elimination of a whole generation of Western-educated Ethiopian intellectuals and their inChLdisnottrue.IftheSudanrenllywishedtodoso, it wc& have Openly tded to help those form at a Ume replacement by half-baked political agitators< aud tiff-gaff, .When &Y were WW inside Chad ad at a time when 408. Nor shall I dwell ‘on the massacms,- flogging and the Libyan forces had not yet settled the dispute to their. tortue in prisons which have become commonplace in advantage. But the Sudan refralned from doing so bepmsent-day Ethiopia, ‘all hi defiance of ~he’intem&ional cause it belleves in the Principle of ~!+tt@C$!t$..ip tbie conventions on human rights, of which Ethiopia has m- Interql affairs of other countries. :. fused to become a signatory to this .day, although curlottsly enough it seves as a. member of the Com$@on dO0. We should like to deny all the allegations made by on Human Rights. .. ” .’ the reprcsentatlve of Chad about the presence of Chad d& tahees iu the Sudan. 409. 1 shall rparc the Assembly all that and much else 401. In conclusion, it maY bc considered 5urprislnE that which is sordid in the bloc&stained practices of the Addis the representative of Chad should speak about internal op- Ababa tigimc. My 011ly concern is to point out that the position to the Sudanese &ghne at a time when the prerepmsentativc of Ethiopin is 111~advised to speak on the sent regime in Chad could not hold out for one day wlthquestion of human rights, since hc rcprcscnts a .tigime out tbc protection of foreign forces. which he himself has which has officially proclaimed md terror as its official admitted and recognized. policy and whose savagery and systematlc violation of

Like a broken nzcord, there human right5 go far beyond the atrocities committed by was ,nothing new or original in the intervention of the the former self-styled Rnperor Bokaera and by former dictator Masias of Equatorial Guinea. _’ tlons against my &u&y. -The iepresentatlve of Somalii adheres to the age-old saying that if one-throws enough ’ mud anywhcm. &d every&h& sprnc of it wlll stick. Tl& is whnt he was trybg to do. ; ‘, 412/ Slnccrity makes sense ‘111 relation to a standard conduct of truth and in relation to a svstem of established ethics. Both are lecking in the case of the representative -of Somalin. My delegation does not, therefom, expect -. much f&m the representative of a State that has been ac- - tually described by n Western polltlciau as follows: “‘Somalia 1s a State with an incredible record of lntematlonal teachery and a high potential for cmathig conflict”. 413: Constant ml+ition of ritualistic pluases~is no sub-. stitute for practising what one profusely preaches. One who respects human rights does not violate the rights of others. What the Somalln tigime has stood for during the last 20 years in our region is the violation of ti. rl@ts of .thc people of the countries neighbouring It. 414. The PRESIDENT: The Observer of the Palestine Liberation Organization has asked to be allowed to reply to P statemeut made by one of the speakers in’the general debate. 1 intend to call on hlm on the basis of General Asseu&ly resoluUon.3237 (XXIX) of 22 November 1974. 415. 1 call on the Observer of the Palest&e LiberaUoa Organization. 416. hlr. TERZI (Palmtine Liberation .Organization): The representative of the Reagan Administration seems to. forget;or more likely he is trying to find some cover for, the criminal acts of the Washington Adminlstrtiion, which has provided and continues to provide shelter and protection for scores of Nazi criminals thrlvina.in this beautiful country of hope for men of goodwill: Absconded wru criminals still move at leisure in the streets of the United States. Neo-Nazi criminal groups are flourishing under the protection of the so-called democratic system. Racist and hate campaigns are almost a daily occurrence on tele; vision programmes and in other parts of the media. -417. What is still more grave is the fact that the Government of the U&d States continues Lo support and flnance terrorists m different mxts of .the world. la mutlculsr, 1 wish to refer to the terrorist <acts comn&d by Israel. acts of.State terrorism ahhed at the elimination of the Palestinian people, acts of genocide. as the flual solution. to the Paiestibian *fug& problem. These t&o&t act6 are committed ,through the use of .American-financed and trained term&s using American$onated F-15 and F-16 aircraft, cluster bombs and other weapons’tc~ellmlnate the PalesUnians and terrorize and kill our brothers in Lebanon. Billions of United States dollars finance these acts of State terrorism committed by the slrategic ally of the United States of America, rsclst Israel: The Governmerit of the United States is no longer a mem accomplice; it is an ally. 418. A few days ago a criminal, one of the terrorists who, in one way or another, ptiicipated in thelassassination of an envoy of peace, a mediator entrusted with a mission by the United Nations-Count Folkc Bernadate-spoke before the Assembly. That criminal is “5. DetermInes that all measures taken by Israel to change the physical character demographlc wmpo!dtion, instllutional structure’or status of the Iblestlnian and other Arab territorlcs occi~pled siacc l%7, Inch&ding Jersalem, or any part thenof have no legal valklity ‘and that Israel’s policy and oractlccs of settIlde; oarts of ‘its population add &w imr&grtm& in those -&tories constitute a flagrant violation of the Geneva Convention .’ relative to the fiotection of Civilian &sons .In Time of War and also constitute a serious obtruct~~ to achicving a comprebenqlve, just ,and lasting peace In.* J&d?. dle .gast.” .,, ., : . I ,I , 420. ~That resolution was adopted unanimously, IncludingthevoteaftheUnitedS~.ltu~UleuMnimous opinion that Israel 1s illegally occupying PalestMan territory and that -Israel’s policies and p&Uccs constitute a serious obstruction to achieving a compre@nsiye, jusr apd lasting peace h w Ml&y && .-. i ::. I .: ‘ril , 421. If the npresentarive of the racist junta ln’ ‘I’M Aviv. does not agree with the unanhnous oplnlon of tIm Security Council and @e hqeroational community, that Is his buslness. but, after all. he npreseats a mlnorlty of oue. To both of the nuresentatives of the new stratefdc alti for aggression, &at Is, the Unlte&‘St&es a& i&el,‘I would MY: Do not daythe reti of the worw &S calm out clcatlv -in ,jyasstitlMI thiit pus golicy iy$, o&&.& w pcacc* ,.i I .I .I.‘. 1: :.: :“. I.3 ,;,. y;, , :, , 422, Finally, ‘I wonder this: Is it .&ly the’fault ‘of the d-for that fhe htqw. of~tlwwit$cis~~+n~.auch a momous yay?., :: : :.i,,- (,-.I ) I.. .” -, :: .n-i ‘!i~*: +;:.1 423. Mr. ANDINO-SALA+R‘ (El Salwr) ‘.(&,+ ’ prefation from Spa&h): My. delegatloh ‘&god&By mpudlata the already dustomary *totic of the mpnnehtatives of Nicaragua and Grenada’reg~~ t& w afffih of my country. We cokisider them to & f*. tead-. entious and clearly in@ventIqnIst. -fore y m e&i: e@plY and ‘cwyqy: -Icpudlptp. *,.qw$fqy 424. The clelegatlon of Niciragua in cxcdse..d its iight of reply, sought to dlstmct a&ntlou by trying to preuut the peace proposal of Mr. Ortega Ssavedra as the p+msc5a for the situation in El Salvador. It is ridiculous for a peace proposal to have for its background music the beating of war drums and the visual effect of being accompanied by military accoutrements, There is noihing new in the proposal. It has been rejected as unnxlistic and tendedous, as a manoeuvre for gaining thne. as was stated in the me.morandum by those members who instructed hhn to come .tb the Asxmbly and try to confuse delegafions. There is no political vlabllity for this proposal; it exudes bad faith. 1 427. Mc Qrtega Saavedra and his cohorts are mistaken if they think that by insulting us the situation in E1 Salvador will chsngc. We who enjoy the respect of many delegations here In this forum will iiot use the same reprehensible meth&s. since all It does is undermine the .United Nations system. This, of course, does not matter to tbe delcgatioa of Nicarngua. which is learning to vio- Iate the norms d rules of the Assembly so as to’ remove % from political Urn those who &e wandering around with ,.,intrigues fruitlessly trying to alter a situation that can be tjecidcd only by the people of El Salvador itself, the.solc implaceabg actor ln,lts own.@tlny. ,428.. The PRESIDENT: We have just concluded the general debate. which began-on Monday. 21 September, Md tools up 29 meetings. We were privileged to listen to .-seven heads of State, one Crown Prince, four Vice-Presi- . dents, four Prhne Ministers, five Deputy Prime Ministers. 108 Porelgn Ministers, three Deputy Pomign Ministers and 13 chairmen of delegations-a total of 145 speakers. The debate has once again demonstrated that this annual .event is the most comprehensive and best presentation of the v~%s, positions, preoccupations and aspirations of the 1 PsopkS of the world as articulated through their Govenwrit tt~ntatives. Nowhup else. is such an exe+se ppcsible,. ;., ‘.i,.. : ; 429. “‘This large nnmber of-eminent statesmen and diplo-’ ti have by their presence here, their interventions and through spceine references in their speeches demonstrated their frith in the Organkation and their determination to atraigtben its role as the paramount international organ- -IzUiost for the achievement of the objectives of the CharteLIrittoOmuchtobopelhatsomeofthatinte~t~ faihwill be transIti into political will in support of the &&dons OI the United Nations and in ensuring that decirioa, ottc6 taken will be implemented? I appeal to all npuuuul~ to be parUcularly conscious of this as we begin the lgngcr nod more detailed phase of the Assembly’s work. that of dealing with the IndividuaJ items on cm8 ageada. Tbc &bate fuie, I am glad to note, been condueted ,g the whole with the utmost $gnity and decorum .rad & a WaStniCtiVe and hopful manner. Par this I am dt!@y gw?flu to au &osc who have participated in it. .430. 1 hopi I may @ fqrgikn ‘8 I refer to oue par$cu- Iar item on our agenda that was handed to us by the thirty-fifth session, namely. item 37. entitled “Launching of global negtilations on international economic co-operation for development”. This has been one of the items in whleh Member States have shown the widest interest and wasensus. A very large number of those countries that bave participated In the debate have referred specifically to it and expressed their aspirations and hope that it would be possible during the current session to adopt a decision on tbe launching of these negotiations. I wish to ass&ate myself, Iii my predecessor, with these aspira- ,’ Nm... -: ’ Frenle Popular para la Liberacl6n de Saguia el-Hamrs y de RIO de 010.