A/36/PV.72 General Assembly

I now call on the Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the peclaration on the Granting of In- dependence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, Mr. Frank Abdulah of Triilidad and Tobago. 19. Mr. ABDULAH (Trinidad and Tobago), Chairman of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples: The General Assembly has just heard a detailed account of the work of the Special Committee during the past year, which was eloquently outlined by the Rapporteur of the Committee, our colleague, Mr. Adhami of the Syrian Arab Republic. I shall, therefore, confine myself, as the Chairman of the Special Committee, to a few observa- tions concerning some of the developments that have taken place during the year in the field of decolonization, as well as some of the issues which have continued to engage the close attention of the Committee in the dis- charge of the tasks entrusted to it by the Assembly. 20. Before I comment on these developments and is- sue§, allow me, on behalf ef the Special Committee, to note with deep satisfact.ion some positive developments. I refer to the emergence of two independent States.; Belize and Antigua and Barbuda, which, together with a former 21 . It is a pleasant duty for me to cite achievements of the kind to which I have just referred. Regrettably, how- ever, this pleasure must be tempered by the fact that the progress in the process of decolonization that has taken place in certain parts of the world remains overshadowed by the grave situation still prevailing in Namibia. 22. In this regard, the cOQ1mitment demonstrated in the recent past by all concerned in order to bring about a peaceful transition to majority rule in Namibia and the efforts and arduous negotiations conducted to secure an internationally acceptable solution, as endorsed in the Se- curity Council's resolutions, in particular 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), should be noted with great satisfaction. It is hoped that these initiatives will at long last lead to an end to the bloodshed in the region and to the recovery by the Namibian people of their long-lost freedom and nation- hood. 23. The successful outcome, however, although within reach, cannot be taken for granted, as we are fully aware that the coming months will be critical for the people of Namibia. I believe it is hardly necessary in this Assembly to underscore the dangers inherent in dealing with a re- gime that has succeeded, by deceit and ruthlessness, in maintaiI1ing its rule over Namibia, in total disregard of world-wide opposition. That doubts still remain for some as to the sincerity of its present intentions is, therefore, to be expected, and the need for maximum vigilance in re- gard to its attitude in the coming months is only a natural consequence of its past record in this matter. 24. As was repeatedly pointed out by a number of rep- resentativesduring the recent debate in plenary meeting on this question, at this stage of the Namibian conflict the international community must continue to give its une- quivocal moral, political and material support to the Namibian people, under the leadership of its national lib- eration movement, the South West Africa People's Organ- ization [SWAPO]. Our duty is clear, and we must continue to resort to every available means to ensure that the op- pressed people of the Territory are finally enabled to exer- cise their legitimate right to freedom and independence. 25. During the year under review the Special Committee has given considerable attention to the problems affecting the colon~al Territories in the Caribbean and in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Because of their small size and popu- lation, and frequently beca.'lse of their isolation and limited resources, these Territories, as we are aware, are facing different and often highly complex problems which may compound existing difficulties. In this regard, I would once again emphasize the position of principle of the Special Committee and the General Assembly, which is that, these special circumstances notwithstanding, the 26. In the light of their solemn obligation under the Charter and the relevant decisions of the United Nations, it is the responsibility of the administering Powers con- cerned to ensure that these rights are fully respected at all times and that the aspirations of the peoples of the Ter- ritories for which they are responsible are fulfilled. 27. At the same time, as has often been pointed out by United Nations visiting missions, it is incumbent upon the administering Powers to intensify programmes of political education of the peoples of the Territories under their ad- ministration so as to enhance their awareness of the pur- poses and the objectives of the Charter of the United Na- tions and the Declaration with respect to the process of decolonization, including all the options available to them as regards their future status. The administering Powers concerned must also continue to strengthen the economies of these Territories by organizing systematic programmes of assistance and economic development, while ensuring at the same time that steps are taken to safeguard the paramount interest of the peoples in the enjoyment of their natural resources and territorial integrity. 28. In this connection, the Special Committee, in its consideration and examination of the conditions in those small Territories, has again received during the year the co-operation of the administering Powers concerned. I need hardly stress the importance of such co-operation if the Special Committee is to be able to assist effectively the peoples of those Territories and to facilitate the full and speedy implementation therein of the Declaration. 29. As has already been pointed out by the Rapporteur, the Special Committee was this year able to send two visiting missions to colonial Territories. These were to Tokelau, under the administration of New Zealand, and to American Samoa, under United States administration. Given the proven value of visiting missions, it is hoped that the Special Committee will be able to continue to dispatch such missions to Territories in 1982. 30. In the laSt decade we have indeed seen measurable progress in the process of decolonization after years of what appeared to be a total impasse. We must, however, guard against laying too much stress on this progress lest it prove harmful- by making us complacent about our fu- ture efforts to complete that process. There are still over 4 million people in some 20 remaining colonial Territories who have yet to exercise their inherent right to self-deter- mination and independence. Until. they have attained these objectives, the obligations of the United Nations under the Declaration and the relevant Articles of the Charter will remain unfulfilled. 31. The Rapporteur of the Special Committee has al- ready pointed out that the relevant chapters of the Com- mittee's report now before the Assembly contain a num- ber of concrete recommendations concerning the various problems existing in the remaining colonial Territories. It is my firm belief and hope that the General Assembly, while discussing this item, will give its most serious at- tention to the recommendations made by the Special Committee. I am confident that the approval by the Gen- eral Assembly of these and other important recommenda- tions will enhance the capacity of the Organization to deal more effectively with the remaining colonial issues. 33. The coming year will test the ability of the mem- bers to abjure confrontation and to work in the interest of those whose right to self-determination and independence we, on behalf of the General Assembly, have been en- trusted with the task of ensuring. 34. I am confident that the members will continue to do their utmost to avoid contentious and divisive procedures and will thus continue to demonstrate by their good sense of co-operatio'1 and accommodation that they are equal to this task. 35. I should like at this stage to make a few personal comments. This year, as in previous years, I have enjoyed the fullest co-operation of my colleagues both in the Committee and the Secretariat. My particular thanks go to my friends and colleagues, the other officers of the Com- mittee: Mr. Abdul G. Koroma of Sierra Leone, Mr. Niels Helskov of Denmark and Mr. Stefan Kalina of Czechoslo- vakia, our three Vice-Chairmen, and Mr. Farouk Adhami of the Syrian Arab Republic, Rapporteur. For me, as Chairman of the Special Committee, it has been an ho- nour and a privilege to work with such dedicated col- leagues. 36. The Secretary-General has shown consistent interest in the field of decolonization. We are grateful to him for his interest, which has ensured the maximum co-operation and assistance on his part. . 37. I should like also to pay a particular tribute to the Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, Trusteeship and Decolonization, Mr. Djermakoye, for his assistance and continued collaboration, and through him, my grati- tude goes also to all the members of his Department, par- ticularly the hardworking and dedicated Secretary, Mr. Tanaka. 38. Before concluding my statement, I should like, on behalf of the Committee, to express thanks to the delega- tion of Denmark for its co-operation and the invaluable contribution it has made to the Special Committee's work during the last two years. Denmark is retiring from the Committee at the end of this year and I am fully confi- dent that its successor, which I understand will be Nor- way, will continue the great tradition of the Nordic coun- tries and assist in carrying out the important tasks entrusted to the Special Committee by the Assembly.

I now call on the representative , of Sierra Leone, who will introduce draft resolutions A/36/L.20 and A/36/L.21.

It is almost 21 years now since the Assembly adopted the now famous resolu- tion 1514 (XV) containing the Declaration on the Grant- ing of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. During that period we have witnessed the disintegration of the colonial system and its replacement by the emergence of almost 100 States. 42. But if colonialism has by and large been in retreat all over the world, in southern Africa, and particularly in Namibia it has continued to exist in its most perverse and most pernicious form. Today, in Namibia, South Africa has entrenched itself and unrepentantly refused to let the Namibian people go, while it has continued to keep the majority of its indigenous population in perpetual bond- age. 43. During the debate in this forum and in the Fourth Committee, the international community has expressed its strong abhorrence of colonialism, and declared itself in favour of the exercise of the right to self-determination by all peoples. 44. Since my country, Sierra Leone, was admitted to membership of the Organization, it has been steadfast and unremitting in its pursuit of colonial freedom for all peo- ples, and my Government has consistently maintained this policy. 45. The Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples postulates that all peoples have the right to self-determination and, by virtue thereof, the right freely to determine their political status. It is precisely to enable those Territories that have not yet been able to do so to exercise this right that the Special Com- mittee has continued to exist and to ensure the implemen- tation of the Declaration. Draft resolution Al36/L.20, which the Sierra Leone delegation has the honour to in- troduce on behalf of its sponsors, shares the latter objec- tive. 46. In the preamble to draft resolution Al36/L.20, the General Assembly would recall the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peo- ples, together with all the subsequent resolutions concern- ing the implementation of that Declaration, in particular resolution ES-8/2 of 14 September 1981 on the question of Namibia. It would condemn the Government of South Africa for its persistent, illegal occupation of the interna- tional Territory of Namibia, condemn the policies of those States which, in defiance of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, have continued to collaborate with the Government of South Africa in its domination of the peo- ple of Namibia, welcome the achievement of indepen- dence by the peoples of Belize and Antigua and Barbuda and approve with satisfaction the work accomplished by . the Special Committee and the co-operation and active participation of the administering Powers concerned in the relevant work of the Special Committee. The Assembly would also reiterate its conviction that the total eradica- tion of racial discrimination, apartheid and violation of the basic human rights of the peoples of colonial Territo- ries will be achieved most expeditiously by the faithful and complete implementation of the Declaration, particu- larly in Namibia. 47. In operative paragraph I of the draft resolution the General Assembly would reaffirm resolution 1514 (XV) and all other resolutions on decolonization and call upon the administering Powers to take all the necessary steps to enable the dependent peoples of the Territories concerned to exercise fully and without further delay their inalien- able right to self-determination and independence. In op- erative paragraph 3 it would express its determination to take all necessary steps with a view to the complete and 48. In operatIve paragraph 13 the Assembly would call upon the administering Powers to continue to co-operate with the Special Committee in the discharge of its man- date. 49. Draft resolution A/36/L.21, which I also have the honour to introduce on behalf of its sponsors, reiterates the importance of publicity as an instrument for further- ing the aims and purposes of the Declaration and empha- sizes the t.:ontinuing pressing need for taking all possible steps to acquaint world public opinion with all aspects of the problems of decolonization with a view to assisting effectively the peoples of the colonial Territories to achieve self-determination, freedom and independence. In operative paragraph 1 the Assembly would approve the chapter of the Special Committee's report relating to the question of publicity for the work of the United Nations in the field of decolonization, and in operative paragraph 3 it would request the Secretary-General, having regard to to the suggestions of the Special Committee, to continue to take concrete measures through all the media at his disposal, including publications, radio and television, to give widespread and continuous publicity to the work of the United Nations in the field of decolonization. 50. In conclusion, I commend these draft resolutions to the Assembly for adoption.

The United Na- tions has entered upon the third decade since the adoption by the General Assembly, on the initiative of the Soviet Union, of resolution 1514 (XV), containing the historic Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. The importance and significance of that Declaration resides in the fact that, first of all, it contains the basic provisions and principles of decoloniza- tion and, secondly, it has in succeeding years remained the basic guideline for the United Nations in this sphere. The basic principles of that document, such as the right of peoples to self-determination and to the preservation of national unity and territorial integrity, the inadmissjbility of armed action or repressive measures of all kinds di- rected against peoples still under the colonial yoke, and others, are still highly relevant today. 52. In the more than 20 years which have elapsed, more than 50 sovereign States have emerged on the political maps of the world, half of them on the African continent. We see in that development a tangible contribution by the United Nations to the cause of the attainment of indepen- dence by the peoples of dozens of former colonial Territo- ries. L 54. It is well known from the experience of history that the colonialists have never given up and will never give up their positions voluntarily. The establishment of a free Africa is taking place against the background of a fierce struggle by the forces of national liberation and progress against the stubborn resistance of the forces of imperial- ism and reaction, which are trying to slow down that irre- versible process. The imperialists, and primarily the United States, are with increasing openness pursuing a policy designed not only to give the fullest possible sup- port but indeed to move closer to the colonialist regime of Pretoria, which is feverishly trying to hold on to that bas- tion of racism and colonialism in Africa. 55. The General Assembly, in its numerous decisions, particularly in resolution 351119, affirmed once again ". . . that the continuatIon of colonialism in all its forms and manifestations-including racism, apartheid, the exploitation by foreign and other interests of eco- nomic and human resources, and the waging of colo- nial wars to suppress national liberation movements-is incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colo- nial Countries and Peoples and poses a serious threat to international peace and security". 56. The racist rule of South Africa is like a cancerous tumor on the body of Africa. Notwithstanding the many decisions of the United Nations and the demands of the international community, the South African racists con- tinue to pursue their criminal policy of apartheid, sup- pression and brutal repression against the indigenous Af- dcan population of the country. They accuse people indiscriminately of "subversive actions" and "anti-State activities". The racists carry out systematic acts of ag- gression against neighbouring sovereign States. This year alone South African troops, in an act of massive aggres- sion, carried out barbarous bombing raids on schools, hospitals and houses, flattened a number of villages, kill- ing and wounding many inhabitants and destroyed bridges and roads, causing immense harm to the People's Re- public of Angola. That is clearly the conduct of Fascists. In their policy of plunder the racists rely on their Western protectors, primarily the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO], which pursue their own self- ish economic, political, military and strategic interests in southern Africa and view South Africa as a potential ally in the military and strategic concepts of the aggressive NATO bloc in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. 57. Many hundreds of Western companies, particularly British and American, are co-operating very closely with Pretoria. Let us look at the facts. Foreign investments in South Africa, according to the data of the Centre against Apartheid. amount to more than $35 billion. As United Nations documents show, particularly the "Studies on the effects of the operations and practices of transnational cor- porations"!, the main source of foreign capital for South 58. In the constant financing of the economy of the apartheid regime an active part is played by the banks of all the main Western Powers. The volume of the trade operations of those countries with South Africa is also very impressive and runs into billions of dollars. With direct assistance from the main Western Powers, impor- tant sectors of the South African economy have been set up, including the nuclear industry, the repressive military and police apparatus and the war machine for the acts of aggression of the Pretoria racists. The main transnational oil corporations of the West are blithely and constantiy supplying South Africa with oil. 59. A particular danger for the peace and security of the peoples of the African continent and beyond is posed by the continuing military and indeed nuclear co-operation of the Western Powers and Israel with the South African rac- ists. Serious concern is aroused also by their disregard of the embargo on the supply of weapons to the Republic of South Africa. In the Declaration of the International Sem- inar on the Implementation and Reinforcement of the Arms Embargo against South Africa [see AI361190, an- nex], we read that Security Council resolution 418 (1977) was not effectively implemented because of the resistance of certain Western and other States. It is also noted that the situation in South Africa and southern Africa gener- ally has since the adoption of that resolution by the Se- curity Council "become much more serious and explo- sive". 60. The international community is also alarmed at the overt or covert establishment by the United States of friendly relations with the South African regime and in- deed co-operation in matters such as the efforts of the racists to destabilize the situation in neighbouring south- ern African States that give assistance to the national lib- eration movements of southern Africa, particularl) SWAPO, in keeping with decisions of the United Nations and the Organization of African Unity [OAU]. 61. In the letter dated 11 November from the representa- tive of Angola to the President of the Security Council in connection with the sixth anniversary of the declaration of independence of that country we read that . "The racist regime could not have become the terror- ist monster it has without overt and covert support from its friends. And this monster will not be con- trolled and subdued within international action. Now is the time for action, because the fragile peace and sta- bility of southern Africa are threatened as never be- fore. "2 62. My delegation is firmly convinced that the General. Assembly must resolutely demand the immediate and complete cessation of the aggressive actions of South Af-' rica against neighbouring sovereign States, primarily An- gola, and propose to the Security Council the adoption of effective measures against the Pretoria regime in accord- ance with the Charter. 63. In its resolution 36/51, adopted at the 70th meeting, on the activities of foreign economic and other interests which are impeding the implementation of the Declara- tion, the General. Assembly . 64. Notwithstanding all the decisions of the United Na- tions and the OAU and the demands of the international community, South Africa maintains its illegal occupation of Namibia and continues to exploit ruthlessly the indige- nous African population, mercilessly plundering the natu- ral resources of that country. 65.. The actions of the racist regime of South Africa in Namibia are impeding the implementation of the Declara- tion and the decisions of the Security Council and ~solu­ tions. of the General Assembly in respect of that country. The tactics of the racists with respect to Namibia are aimed at undermining the efforts of the United Nations to bring about a peaceful settlement of the Namibian prob- lem. Under the cover of talk about negotiations and with the connivance of their Western protectors, the Pretoria regime has been trying to bring about conditions that would ensure a settlement favourable to it and give it time to install and consolidate a neo-colonialist puppet regime in Namibia. 66. In order to force the Pretoria racists to put an end to their criminal policies and lead them to respect United Nations decisions and the opinion of the international community, the delegation of the Byelorussian SSR be- lieves it is essential for the Security Council immediately to adopt comprehensive and binding sanctions against the South African racists in keeping with Chapter VII of the Charter. 67. The Byelorussian SSR has always advocated and continues to advocate the exercise of the inalienable rights of the peoples of southern Africa to self-determination and independence, the immediate and unconditional with- drawal by South Africa of all its troops and its admin- istration from Namibia, including Walvis Bay, the transfer of full power in Namibia to SWAPO, the sole legitimate representative of the Namibian people. My delegation has always advocated the elimination of the ignominous sys- tem of apartheid from South Africa. 68. The ultimate ends of the Declaration have not yet been achieved in respect of a number of other so-called small Territories, particularly in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans and the Caribbean. The continuance of what is essentially the colonial exploitation of the small Territories by imperialist monopolies and the use of those Territories by the Administering Authorities as military bases is a grave obstacle to the attainment of self-determi- nation and independence by the peoples of those Territo- ries and the realization of the purposes of the Declaration. The policy of the administering Powers in respect of the small Territories is designed to achieve well defined aims: to slow down, if not to bring to a complete halt, the eco- nomic and social developm~nt of those Territories; to maintain their roles as colonial appendages of the metro- politan countries; to turn them into military and strategic strongholds that can be used for the suppression .. of the aspirations to freedom of the colonial and dependent peo- S9. The military bases of the imperialist Powers in Guam, Puerto Rico, Diego Garcfa, Bermuda, the Turks and Caicos Islands, Micronesia and other colonial and de- pendent Territories, and the military activities of those Powers are-no matter how certain Western representa- tives try to whitewash them here at the United Nations- directly contrary to the vital interests of the peoples of those Territories and the decolonization aims proclaimed in the Declaration, the implementation of which they im- pede. 70. The General Assembly should pay particular atten- tion to the situation that has arisen in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands as a result of the activities of the administering Power, the United States. Here we are not just confronted with the administering Power's failure to carry out its Trusteeship throughout a period of 34 years. Micronesia is threatened with'complete absorption by the United States through the dismemberment of the Territory and the imposition upon the inhabitants of its various parts of different types of status of colonial or semi-colo- nial dependence. 71. In this connection, the Byelorussian delegation wishes to emphasize again that the solution of the ques- tion of the future of Micronesia is a part of the overall problem of decolonization and the granting to colonial countries and peoples of the right to self-determination and independence. Any alteration in the status of Micro- nesia as a Trust Territory pursuant to the Charter of the United Nations must take place only on the basis of a Security Council decision. Unilateral actions by the ad- ministering Power in respect of either the entire Trust Ter- ritory or individual parts of it are unlawful and there can be no ju~tification for them. 72. The Byelorussian SSR has always supported and continues to support the struggle of all peoples for the prompt and complete elimination of the vestiges of colo- nialism. Their inalienable right to self-determination and independence must be guaranteed, in keeping with the Charter and the Declaration on the Granting of Indepen- dence to Colonial Countries ancl Peoples. 73. A great deal has been done and immense progress has been made towards the implementation of this historic Declaration. However, the United Nations should make further efforts to ensure its final implementation and the implementation of other United Nations decisions on de- colonization. The Byelorussian delegation will always give its full support to this noble cause.

When at the thirty-fifth session: during aspeciaI meeting [93rd meeting], we solemnly commem- orated the twentieth anniversary of the historic Declara- tion on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Coun- tries and Peoples, we were all gratified to note the success that had been achieved in the process of national libera- tion, as marked by the entry to the Organization of more than 100 new Members since it was established, most of which joined in the course of the last two decades. The beneficial effect of that Declaration, which was adopted as. t~e struggle of peoples to achieve their right to self- 75. The consideration of this question, which is resumed yearly, provides us with an opportunity to take note with appreciation of the productive work and praiseworthy efforts of the Special Committee and ~he United Nations Council for Namibia and to bring to those competent bodies any ideas and thoughts in order to make a contribution to the full and speedy implementation of this Declaration. 76. It is in this spirit that my delegation, while congrat- ulating the authors, would like to make a few comments concerning the report of the Special Committee and the draft resolutions put before this session. 77. As regards new developments during the past few years in various colonial Territories, in following the statements made in the general debate and in various committees, my delegation has noted two particularly worrying aspects which have an evident impact on the implementation of the Declaration. We have also noted at the same time that despite new difficulties, the process is none the less demonstrating its great vitality and poten- tial. 78. In connection with their adventurist and warlike pol- icy of arms races, cold war and increased intervention, the imperialists are accentuating the militarization of colo- nial Territories under their domination. Whether it be in Namibia, the Arab territory of Palestine or the small is- land Territories of the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean or the Caribbean, despite the wishes and contrary to the vital interests of the peoples, those still-dependent countries are engulfed in the global or regional strategies of those dominating Powers, above all the United States, with the enlargement and establishment of increasingly sophisticated bases, the build-up of military arsenals and the intensification of warlike activities. These trends and practices are dangerous, since they constitute major obsta- cles to the exercise of the right to self-determination by those peoples, provide fictitious reasons for delaying the day of their accession to independence and constitute a real threat to peace and security in these regions. 79. In connection with the exacerbation of the economic crisis, the great foreign economic interests are tightening their grip on colonial Territories, plundering and.:;quan;" dering their natural resources, mercilessly oppressing the local Coloured manpower, preventing the diversification of their economies on an independent basis and are thus at- tempting to put the burden of the crisis on the backs of the peoples of the countries under their domination and of the developing countries. A new attempt has emerged in recent years in these colonialist circles to reconquer eco- nomic and strategic positions that they considered they had lost with every advance in the liberation process of the peoples of southern Africa, the Middle East and the Near East, and elsewhere. 81. Because of all this the struggle for the right to self- determination has become even keener so as to eliminate these last bastions of colonialism, large and small. It has become increasingly complex and demands greater vig- ilance and clear-headedness on the part of the peoples who are fighting as well as those who are supporting them. In the new ci'rcumstances of the development of the forces of peace, independence and social progress, those colonial Powers frequently join brutality with perfidy, al- ternating or combining force and fraud according to the circumstances. Thus, in Namibia as well as in Palestine, the colonial Powers are escalating violence, repressing the population, liquidating patriots and carrying out aggres- sive attacks against neighbouring States in implementation of a policy of institutioiullized international terrorism that is really an undeclared war against those of their neigh- bours that are most energetic in opposing them. At the same time, they are seizing the land of peasants, through administrative action, establishing settlements and ban- tustans in various areas, dismembering small Territories and by these several means preparing for the annexation of those Territories by absorption, bit by bit, beginning with the regions that are the richest or of greatest strategic importance. On the international level, they are attempt- ing to keep political settlements within their cOfiLrol- their own and that of the friendly Western Powers-and aVL.empting to impose pseudo-solutions such as the Camp David accords or the pseudo-solution in the United States has lately been advocating in place of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). Domestically, they are encouraging so-caJled internal solutions, ignoring the aspirations of the populations and denying the role of their authentic repre- sentatives, SWAPO and the Palestine Liberation Organiza- tion; they are transferring power to their puppets by set- ting up neo-colonial regimes or so-called regimes of "free association", integration or some other types of union, such as those in Guam or Puerto Rico, without the right to self-determination having been exercised at all. 82. In that context, and in view of those new facts- new because of their degree of intensification rather than by their nature-my delegation is gratified by the plan of action and draft resolutions, taken as a whole, submitted by the Special Committee, and in particular by the fol- lowing specific points. 83. We support the clear affirmation of draft resolution Al36/L.20 that the continuing activities of _foreign and other"ecohofuic interests are impeding the implerrteritation of the Declaration, as well as the justified and timely call: in the same text upon the colonial Powers to withdraw immediately and unconditionally their military bases and installations and to refrain from establishing new ones. 84. In supporting the plan of action, we would suggest that a timetable be established for the accession to inde- pendence of the last Territories that remain dependent, whether non-self-governing or under mandates in various regions, particularly the island Territories, and that rec- 85. We support the request made in the same draft reso- lution that all States and international organizations refrain from taking any action which might imply recognition of the legitimacy of the illegal occupation of Namibia-and I would say also the illegal occupation of Arab lands-as well as any form of neo-colonialism or recolonization un- dertaken by the colonial Powers, in order to ensure total implementation of the Declaration within the allotted time. 86. We also support the recommendation in draft resolu- tion Al36/L.21 for the widest possible disseminatioIl of information on the evils and dangers of colonialism, on the struggle of the colonial peoples to achieve self-deter- mination and on assistance being provided them by the international community, in particular the front-line Af- rican States and the Arab States, and we suggest that United Nations information centres focus increased atten- tion on those problems, not only in Western Europe, but also in North and Central America, where, among others, the struggle against the apartheid regime would enjoy great support among those sectors of the population with an awareness of their origins as well as among men of conscience faithful to their traditions. 87. The people and Government of Viet Nam, with deep fellow-feeling towards all peoples fighting for the sacred cause of independence and freedom, strongly sup- port the_ jl!Sl ~truggle of dependent and colonial peopl~s tor their national emancipation. It is in that spirit that my delegation is among the sponsors of draft resolutions Al36/L.20 and A/36/L.21 in the firm hope that they will be adopted with the votes of an overwhelming majority of the "Assembly. We shall continue to lend our full co-oper- ation to the Special Committee in carrying out this great task.

Last year the Gen- eral Assembly observed the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples as a major achievement of the United Nations and adopted the Plan of Action for its full implementation [resolution 35/118. annex]. 89. Since the adoption of the Declaration, more than 50 countries and Territories have, in the course of some 20 years, attained self-determination and independence. To- day one can say for sure that the world colonial system, with its classical form of exploitation and oppression, has been brought to an end forever. During this session, all of us witnessed an auspicious event in the history of the peoples of Vanuatu, Belize and Antigua and Barbuda, who after years of struggle attained their political inde- pendence and became full Members of the United Na- tions. 90. All those achievements once again underline the his- toric significance of that Declaration,· which was adopted at the initiative of the Soviet Union and which repre- sented an important stage in the struggle of natiol1s for national liberation against imperialist, colonialist and neo- colonialist domination. 91 . While reviewing with satisfaction the achievements in the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independem:e to Colonial Countries and Peopl~s, we cannot fail to note, however, that the process of decolo- 93. 9n~ cause for grave concern is the fact that the Ter- ritories remaining under colonial and racial domination are increasingly being used for military purposes, as a springboard for committing acts of aggression against neighbouring States or as sites for building military bases. This has relevancy with regard to the illegal occupation of Namibia by the t:acist regime of Pretoria, as well as with regard to the actual annexation of Micronesia and the ex- pansion of military facilities on Diego Garcfa, Guam, Bennuda and other ~mall Territories by the United States. In addition, those Ten;~ories serve as a source of a cheap labour force and of huge profits for the transnational cor- porations of the imperialist Powers. It is the economic and strategic interests of the imperialist Powers that impede the exercise by the indigenous populations of their in- alienable right to freedom and independence, as provided by the Charter of the United Nations and the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. The imperialist and racist Powers resort to force and every kind of manoeuvre in order to retain those Territories under their domination. The deliberations on the question of Namibia have revealed in its full extent the danger of such a policy, not only for the cause of national liberation. but for international peace and se- curity as well. 94. Seeking to suppress the will of peoples to exercise their legitimate rights, the imperialist circles recently launched a campaign against the national liberation move- ments. In order to discredit the national liberation move- ments they equate the just struggle of peoples for national and social liberation with terrorist acts. Such attempts should be rejected outright as running counter to the very spirit of the Declaration and of other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, which has time and again re- affinned the inalienable right of peoples to self-detennina- tion and independence, as well as the legitimacy of their struggle t.:J that end by all means at their disposal. 95. Despite the intrigues of forces of imperialism, colo- nialism and neo-colonialism, the national liberation move- ment gains strength and with every passing year more and more countries embark on the road of national indepen- dence and social progress. Today it is becoming more evi- dent and being realized that true independence cannot be achieved without undertaking deep socio-economic changes, without combining the struggle for national lib- .eration with that for social progress. 96. The task of overcoming socio-economic backward- ness inherited from colonialism is, in its turn, closely linked with the struggle for strengthening international peace and security, for itdting the arms race and for elim- inating the military threat. 97. It is gratifying to note that newly independent States have become an important factor of international relations 99. In our view, all oppressed peoples, irrespective of their geographical position, the size of their territories and the level of their economic development, have an inherent right to self-determination, freedom and national indepen- dence. 100. It is imperative to put an end to the illegal occupa- tion, annexation and use of the Non-Self-Governing Ter- ritories for military purposes in order to create the neces- sary conditions for the indigenous peoples to exercise their right to freedom and self-determination. Our delega- tion calls for the adoption of effective enforcement meas- ures under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Na- tions against South Africa, which is the main bastion of colonialism, racism and aggression and the tool of neo- colonialist policies. 101. The General Assembly should once again strongly condemn the policies of those Powers which assist the racist regime of South Africa in political, economic and military fields, in disregard of the relevant decisions of the United Nations, and prevent the adoption of effective measures that would facilitate the attainment of indepen- dence by oppressed peoples. 102. We fully share the view that every nation waging a just struggle to throw off the colonial yoke should enjoy increased support and assistance from the United Nations, its specialized agencies and Member States. 103. Mongolia, together with all the progressive forces of the world, will continue to foster its co-operation with the national liberation movements of the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America to eradicate all forms and man- ifestations of colonialism and speedily bringing about the full imptementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. 104. In conclusion, the Mongolian delegation expresses its appreciation of tile work carried out by the Special Committee and our support for its recommendations, in- cluding that concerning Puerto Rico. 105. We support the view that the Special Committee should be invited to seek suitable means for the immedi- ate and full implementation of General Assembly resolu- tion 1514 (XV) in all Territories which have· not yet at~ tained independence, and in particular to formulate specific proposals for the elimination of the remaining manifestations of colonialism, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its thirty-seventh session. 106. We are confident that full implementation of the Declaration will lead to the eventual elimination of colo- nialism in all its forms and manifestations and to the completion of the ongoing process of decolonization, which in our view is irreversible. 108. Those are developments which we warmly wel- come. They are manifestations of the successive steps by which the peoples of those formerly dependent Territories reached the stage where they felt confident to make an important and decisive choice about their political status. Having achieved their independence those new States ap- plied, almost immediately, for membership of the United Nations. This reflects a commitment by their Govern- ments to as active a participation in the international com- munity as possible. Moreover, the fact that they have chosen initially. to do this through the United Nations bears witness to their confidence in and support for the Organization. i09. However, as I have indicated, there have also been serious and unfortunate incidents of confrontation. I am not referring to the debate covering agenda items allo- cated to the Fourth Committee. Given the degree of com- mitment of Member States to questions of decolonization, it would be unusual not to expect a spirited give-and-take during our debates. 110. What I am referring to is the fact that a number of draft resolutions which have been put before the Fourth Committee and the Assembly have been directed more at scoring points and at attacking some countries in a highly selective manner than at seeking to formulate proposals which can constructively take us forward in our work. There is no denying that the number of items before the Fourth Committee has, over the years, grown smaller. That, in fact, is ample testimony. to the substantial achievements of the Committee and its intersessional body, the Special Committee. But that does not mean that the issues which still occupy our attention should not be dealt with in a fairminded and objective fashion. Ill. Regrettably, this has not been the case. In respect of the small _Non§~~f-Gov~rning T~rritories t~e Fourth Committee witnessed the process whereby the delegations of Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Cuba and Syria unilaterally submitted draft resolutions on Guam and the British Ter- ritories, thus bypassing the normal practice in which there are complete consultations with all interested parties before any draft texts are submitted. This action intro- duced a divisive element into the nOnnal procedures by which the texts on small Territories are adopted without a vote. 112. We could perhaps begin to understand this element of confrontation if the administering Powers that have re- sponsibility for these Territories had been delinquent in the discharge of their functions. But this has not been the case~ The'administering Powers, in full consultation witq the territorial governments, have carried out their func:- tions in full conformity with the Charter. Moreover, they have co-operated fully with the relevant bodies of the United Nations in supplying information on the Territories they administer, in being available at all times to answer specific questions, and in receiving visiting United Na- tions missions on a periodic basis. 113. What we urge is that all concerned respect the. fact that this co-operation of the administering Powers has 114. Even more serious have been the attempts to high- light the questions of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and of Puerto Rico. In the case of the Trust Terri- tory we have seen attempts to bring a draft text ~fore the Fourth Committee. Not only was this without precedent but one of the initiators of this move is itself a member of the Trusteeship Council-the body fully empowered by the Security Council to deal with the question of the Trust Territory. 115. In the case of Puerto Rico, Australia has for many years argued in the Special Committee that this is not a question of decolonization, since the General Assembly, in 1953, took a decision that the people of Puerto Rico had effectively exercised their right to self-determination [resolution 748 (VIII)]. For this reason, we do not con- sid(:r that any delegation should press to bring the ques- tion of Puerto Rico before the General Assembly and we are firmly opposed to this move. 116. Let me turn briefly to several other contentious is- sues. Over the years, the resolut:on on the activities of foreign economic and other interests which are impeding the implementation of the Declaration has become dis- torted and imbalanced. This year was no different. The !l?~olu~i'?Il JIl a big~ly selective manner, na!1'~s c~rtain countries. Moreover, the general thrust of thi': tex~ con- demns all foreign economic activities in dep'~ndent Ter- ritories as a barrier to decolonization, thereby contradict- ing other resolutions on small dependent Territories in which countries, including administering Powers, are called upon to render all necessary economic assistance in p~grammes of development. 117. It is fair to say that Australia has for many years been an active and supportive member of the Special Committee and 'of the Fourth Committee. The fact that the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, a Territory which we admin- ister, has been dealt with in a frank but co-operative man- ner has been a clear demonstration that decolonization is- sues can be discussed objectively and constructively. 118. For the most par.t, we can state conridently that a spirit of co-operation and conciliation has marked the work of the Special Committee. Bearing this in mind, we would urge that the divisions we have seen this year be put aside and that we return to that constructive approach which has always had at its centre the well-being of the peoples in dependent Territories and the objective of ena- bling them to exercise fully and freely their right to self- determination.

Last year, at a solemn meeting during the thirty-fifth session, we celebrated the twentieth anniver- sary of the adoption, on the initiative of the Soviet Union, of the now historic Declaration on the Granting of Inde- pendence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. Thut, Decla- ration opened up new prospects for the nationa~ liberation movements of colonial peoples. Since then, finding the just solution of problems inherited from colonialism has been one of the most pressing tasks ar.d aims of the l Tnited Nations. 120. Developments over the 20 years since the adoption of the Declaration have shown that the Declaratipn and the Organization have, on the whole, played a significant I:!l. The Government of Czechoslovakia responded to the Secretary-General's appeal to all Member States in this respect, and on 19 August this year we sent our com- ments on measures already adopted, or intended for adop- tion, in order to implement the Plan of Action. The Czechoslovak reply inter alia, states the following: 'i\s a co-sponsor of the Plan of Action, Czechoslo- vakia not only fully agrees with all its provisions, ex- presses its support for them and speaks out for their strict observation, but is itself also actively engaged in their implementation. "Czechoslovakia takes decisive steps to bring about the adoption of effective measures for the full imple- mentation of the Declaration, extends support to the people of all Non-Self-Governing Territories struggling for tht'~ir self-government, exerts great efforts towards securing the implementation of all other United Nations resolutions relating to the problems of decolonization, condemns the activities of transnational corporations of the leading imperialist countries in Non-Self-Governing Territories as a serious obstacle to the implementation of the right of the people of those Territories to self- determination and as activities infringing on the princi- ple of sovereignty of nations over the natural resources located in their Territories. As a matter of pri'Jrity, Czechoslovakia orients its foreign policy towards efforts for the halting of the arms race and for disarma- ment and, within that framework, it advocates the un- conditional removal of all military bases a..11d equipment from Non-Self-Governing Territories and speaks out against any military activities by the administering Powers in colonial Territories, including those of mer- cenaries. On the other hand, however, armed conflicts in which national liberation movements of Non-Self- Governing Territories are fighting for independence are regarded by Czechoslovakia as conflicts under interna- tional military law."3 122. This year a number of newly independent St~tes have made their appearances on the political ma.p of the world: Vanuatu, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda-States which rightfully occupy their place as full-fledg{~ mem- bers of the international community in the Organization. The achievements of the Organization in the field of de- colonization would have been even greater if the efforts of the United Nations had not encountered the overt and covert man~uvres of the forces of international imperial- ism! and neo-colonialism, which have heen doing their utmost to consolidate the statUS quo, in contradiction with the Declaration. However, regardless of the efforts of those forces, acting -individually or collectively on a bro~d scale, whether they call their actions initiatives or claim to be serving as intermediaries or in some other way, their real aims are no secret to anyone: they are the selfish al,m of preventing the colonial and dependent peo- ples from attaining their inalienable rights and maintain- ing domination of those forces over them. 124. Czechoslovakia has frequently stated its position, and it did so recently at the International Conference on Sanctions against South Africa, held at Paris from 20 to 27 May 198I, at the eighth emergency special session, on Namibia [7th meeting], and also during the discussions on the question o~ Namibia at the present session [67th meet- ing]. At present, the full implementation of the inalien- able rights of the people of Namibia to self-detennination and independence is the important task. To that end it is necessary that all South Africa's military units, police and administrative organs be withdrawn from Namibia: all powers should be transferred to the people of Namibia, whose sole legitimate and genuine representative is SWAPO, and the unity and integrity of the Tenitory should be preserved. We give our full support to the in- creasingly intensive struggle against apartheid and fully support the demands for comprehensive mandatory sanc- tions against the racist regime of South Africa under Chapter VU of the Gharter, so as to compel that regime to respect the will of the international community. 125. At the present time, when the attention of the world community is concentrated on the Namibian ques- tion, we cannot fail to refer to the fate of other Territo- ries, partiCUlarly small Territories. The arms race and the war hysteria, which has been intensified by the military- industrial complex of the Western countries, particularly the United States, are reflected in the practice of the colo- nial and administering Powers. This may be seen particu- larly in the establishment and maintenance of military bases and facilities in the so-called small Territories and the clearly exhibited desire to expand them. Particular at- tention in this respect should be paid to the present situa- tion in the Pacific Islands. It can only be described as a virtual annexation of Micronesia by the United States, which is trying to turn it into a single large-scale military base. The existence of military bases and military activity on Guam, in Puerto Rico, on Diego Garcia, on Bermuda, on the Turks and Caicos Islands and in other Territories constitutes one oi the most serious impediments to the implementation of the Declaration. 126. The Czechoslovak delegation considers that it is essential that all progressive forces give comprehensive support and assistance to the peoples of South Africa and Namibia and also to the peoples of the so-called small Territories that are fighting for their freedom arid indepen- dence, thus making sure that apartheid, .that 'criminal phe- nomenon of the last quarter of the twentieth century, as well as the vestiges of colonialism, will at long last be- come a thing of the past. 127. Czechoslovakia greatly values the work of the United Nations and its organs,. particularly the Special Committee, whose work has been conducted so compe- tently by its Chairman, Mr. Frank Abdulah of Trinidad and Tobago. Thanks to these efforts in regard to the de- colonization process, some very definite results have been

The Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peo- ples, adopted by the General Assembly in 1960, has proved to be of great historical importance. Initiated by the Soviet Union, it was based on a deep understanding of the political, economic and social processes in colonial countries as well as of the sentiments and aspirations of peoples under colonial domination. For many centuries colonialism had been the most brutal form of exploitation of man b:1 rnan. The colonial Powers had grown rich, and the inhabitants of forcibly subdued Territories had re- mained in poverty. The colonial Powers had been plunder- ing the human and natural resources of colonial Territories in the most ruthless way. l.'hat was a period in the history of mankind in which the weak were defenceless victims of the strong. That was the era of gunboat diplomacy in international relations, one in which military strength Wl'lS the final argument in disputes among nations. The colo- nial countries and peoples were always in the position of the weak and defenceless in the face of imperialist domi- nation. 129. With the adoption of resolution 1514 (XV), the United Nations decided to finally liquidate such injustice with the help of the progressive world community. Since the adoption of that hi~l.oric resolution the political map of the world has changed considerably, with newly indepen- dent and sovereign States emerging in the place of former colonial Territories, with new hopes and a strong determi- nation to raise their peoples from poverty and humilia- tion. In this process the United Nations has played an important role, promoting the jus!: aspirations of the colo- nial countries and peoples by every available means, by moral, political and material support. Now it is a great plea5ure to have among us in the United Nations the rep- resentatives of former colonial Territories as independent sovereign States, which are making great contributions to our common efforts for international peace and security. 130. While expressing great satisfaction at the achieve- ment in decolonization we cannot avoid stating that this process is far from completed. In addition to the neo- colonial ambitions that can be identified vis-a-vis the newly independent States, there are still Territories under foreign colonial domination. The remnants of the colonial past have not entirely disappeared from the face of the earth. The United Nations has made considerable efforts to eliminate these remnants, but there exist outside factors which constitute a grave impediment to the implementa- tion of its resolutions on decolonization. 131. During the debate in the Fourth Committee repre- sentativesJf Member States have repeatedly pointed out that foreign economic interests are a major obstacle in the ' way of decolonization. The thesis is very simple. The in- . terests of foreign corporations are in contradiction with . the interests of the people in territories under foreign domination. The foreign corporations are interested in gaining as much profit as possible by plundering the human and natural resources of Non-Self-Governing Ter- ritories, just ,as it was the main objective of imperialist Powers to make profit by colonizing whole continents dur- ing past centuries. The peoples of colonial Territories want to use their resources for their own sake. to improve 133. The question of Namibia must be given the most serious consideration in the debate on this urgent issue. The independence of Namibia is long overdue. yet Namibia is under military occupation by the South Af- rican racist regime in spite of numerous United Nations resolutions. The General Assembly has just discussed the question of Namibia and has adopted relevant resolutions. It is the general view, shared by the majority of Member States, t.hat Namibia must become independent in the very near future. The illegal South African military oc- cu.pation must be terminated and the inalienable rigpt of the Namibian people to self-determination and indepen- dence must be restored. South Africa has defied the United Nations resolutions for a long time, as a result and direct consequence of the overall support received from its Western partners. The politi~al, economic, military and other kinds of support given by the imperialist States to South Africa have contributed to its intransigence and aggressiveness. Therefore the strong condemnation of the collusion of certain Western States with the racist regime of South Africa is fully justified. 134. We firmly believe there should be no further delay in the implementation of the United Nations resolutions on the question of Namibia. Any negotiations on a settle- ment must be based on Security Council resolution 435 (1978) as a minimum programme. It is the right of the Namibian people to determine the future of its own coun- try. No one is entitled to tell that long-suffering people what principles it should follow in writing a constitution or setting up the structure of government. Any attempt to deny SWAPO its rights as the authentic representative of the Namibian people must be condemned. 135. There are some other Territories of the world where obstacles can also be found to the process Qf de- colonization, and a lack of attention by the United Na- tions may lead to the deterioration of the situation. I refer to the Non-Self-Governing Territories. Under the Trustee- ship Agreement the Administering Authorities are obliged to promote the political,. ecoqomic and social develop- ment of these small Territories- until full independence is achieved. The resolutions of the United Nations have re- peatedly emphasized that size, geographical location, pop- ulation and limited natural resources should not delay the self-determination of the Territories under such admin- 136. Finally, I should like to express the sincere hope of the delegation of the Hungarian People's Republic that the peoples under colonial domination will gain independence in the near future and will take their place in the United Nations.

Mankind is now in the phase of conclusion of the historic process of the elim- ination of the colonial system of imperialism. Convincing proof of that is provided by the enormous gains made in the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. 138. The Declaration, the twentieth anniversary of which was solemnly observed last year, and also the deci- sions of the United Nations that were adopted to develop that Declaration further, have elevated the task of the elimination of colonialism to the status of one of the prin- cipal tasks on the world political scene and have given powerful impetus to the process of the collapse of the colonial empires. In this respect, in the view of my dele- gation all States should pay fundamental attention now to carrying out the Plan of Action for the Full Implementa- tion of the Declaration. . 139. We are gratified to note that the persistent policy of the Soviet Union and other countries of the socialist com- munity ir.. pursuit of international detente, a policy of peaceful coexistence of States with different social sys- tems, has significantly facilitated and accelerated the emancipation of oppressed peoples. The political map of the world has been given an entirely new shape. Today, apart from the racist colonial preserve in southern Africa, there are only a few "dark spots"-as it were-where colonial pussessions remain. 140. But it is not only in that respect that we see a sign of the times. It is also to be seen in the more prominent role played by the States which have emancipated them- s,Jves from colonial dependence and embarked on the course of independent development as well as in their in- creasing contribution to the struggle for peace and the se- 141. As one might expect, however, the greater the gains of the young sovereign States, the more fiercely the 'Of!' aer colooialists, and their allies and assistants cling to any chance to preserve their privileges and to hold onto and, if possible, even extend their positions in order to suppress the will of the dependent peoples and plunder their national wealth. They are trying to impose their un- derstanding of a world order on the international commu- nity-an understanding that would justify their "mod- em", refined methods of diktat and violence and, if necessary, direct neo-colonialist plunder and brigandage, freeing the hands for the suppression of the national liber- ation movements by various means. The poiicy of the most aggressive forces of imperialism, primarily certain circles of the United States, is precisely addressed to those ends; they are the very forces which have declared various parts of the world as spheres of vital interest, in their attempts to equate national liberation movements with international terrorism. 142. No matter how the forces of imperialism and reac- tion try to slow down the movement of the oppressed peo- ples towards progress and prosperity, to bind them with the chains of neo-colonialism and deny them the legiti- mate right to freedom and independence, they will fail to turn back the universal process of history. The marcD of history does not stop. J43. However, the struggle is not yet over. The focal- point of colonialism, racism and apartheid still exists in southern Africa. It is a direct threat to the peoples of the continent and to w0rld peace and security as a whole. 144. It grossly violates the Charter of the United Na- tions and the demands of the overwhelming majority of States for the elimination of all forms of racism and colo- nialism, as expressed in many resolutions of the General Assemb!y and the Security Council. The Pretoria regime is carrying out a criminal policy of apartheid within South Africa and continues its illegal occupation of Namibia. Attempting to frighten the peoples of neighbour- ing independent States and slow down the process of their free and progressive development and compel them to dis- continue U the aid which they give to the national liberation movements in southern Africa, the South African racists carry out acts of open aggression against Angola, Mozambique and Zambia. The latest evidence of that was the massive invasion of Angola by South African troops, from Namibia, which was universally condemned. 145. The attempts of the Pretoria racists and their West- ern protectors to impose a neo-colonialist solution of the Namibian problem, a solution outside the framework of the United Nations has caused grave concern. 146. It is a secret to no one why the racist regime of South Africa has for many years been so bold as to chal- lenge the international community and sabotage United Nations decisions on Namibia. It is not at all because of the strength of the Pretoria regime itself but rather be- cause of the policy of the main imperialist Powers, pri- marily the member countries of NATO and Israel, as well as various international monopolies which have been sup- porting the racist regime and giving it extensive military and economic aid. They regard South Africa as an impor- tant natural ally and are highly interested in keeping the 147. The delegation of the Ukrainian SSR wishes to de- clare that the present situation, when the aggressive impe- rialist forces have begun to step up the arms race and are trying to extend their network of military bases in foreign territorie!:. ~nd to strengthen and deepen their co-operation with South Africa in the political, military, economic, nu- clear and other fields, is having a very grave impact on the state of affairs in southern Africa and is creating a serious threat to international peace and security. As a re- sult, the question of the complete and definitive elimina- tion of the vestiges of colonialism, racism and apartheid in southern Africa remains unsolved. 148. The delegation of the Ukrainian SSR is firmly con- vinced that effective measures under Chapter VII of the Charter are needed to compel the Pretoria racists [0 gIve effect to United Nations decisions on the granting of inde- pendence to Namibia and to force them to put an end to their aggression against neighbouring States. 149. The Declaration must be fully implemented with- out any exclusions or omissions, and not with respect to southern Africa alone. A number of so-called small Ter- ritories are still to this day under colonial rule. 150. It is the view of the Ukrainian SSR that no refer- ence to the small size of a Territory, the small number of its population or the low level of social and economic development can justify delaying the granting of indepen- dence to them. Unfortunately, however, the administering Powers are not exactly in a hurry to carry out the provi- sions of ~e Declaration 'Yith respect to those .Territories. Far tirom 1t t L A:2l" "31.-0 d......lIft ..... ..10..0 ._ .'...__~. ",.. ru:I. ......a ..... 0 & • ..., Uh"'l OU.... VAUe; UI....U ULlIIVi:JL LV u.... UI.... rJ~.~olonization process in those Territories and are trying tu hold on to them forever. The imperialist Powers are using them extensively as military bases and strategic beachheads. 151. We are particularly concerned, as is world public opinion, by the policy of dismemberment of Micronesia being conducted by the United States in violation of its obligations under the Trusteeship System. The United States is imposing on individual islands which form part. of Micronesia a new colonial status of "free association". In that way the United States is trying to preserve its con- trol over vast areas of the Pacific and strengthen its mili- tary and strategic positions in that part of the world. 152. Such annexation and the accompanying militarist actions run counter to the Charter, the Trusteeship Agree- ment, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and other decisions of the I United Nations. They cannot in any way be regarded as . justified and as having legal force. Under the Charter, any changes in the statqs of Micronesia can be brought about only through a decision of the Security Council. 153. Recognizing the historic responsibility for the fu- ture of peoples, we feel that it is essential to do every- thing possible to bring about the complete elimination of colonialism after the lengthy struggle in which the inter- national community has been engaged. The delegation of 155. Puerto Rico is associated with the United States in a Commonwealth relationship or one of an associated free State. This relationship has existed since 1952, when the Commonwealth Constitution was prepared by a constitu- tional convention of delegates elected by the people of Puerto Rico and following a plebiscite in which the peo- ple approved this Constitution. 156. In 1953 the General Assembly recognized, in reso- lution 748 (VIIl), that "when choosing their constitutional and international status, the people of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico have effectively exercised their right to self-determination". It also recognized that within the framework of the Constitution and the relationship with the United States the people of Puerto Rico "have been invested with attributes of political sovereignty which clearly i4emif~' the status of self-goven:tment attained by the Puerto Rican people as that of an autonomous political entity". In the same resolution the General Assembly considered that because of status developments "the Dec- laration regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories and the provisions established under it in Chapter XI of the Char- ter can no longer be applied to the Commonwealth of PueJ.;to Rico". 157. Since 1953 the United States has consistently taken the position that the future of Puerto Rico is for the peo- ple of that Commonwealth to decide and that any changes in status should be made in response to the freely expressed wishes of the Puerto R"ican people. 158. The people of Puerto Rico, through their political process, their elected leaders and their domestic laws, have the institutions and the means to express their politi- cal wishes. Most recently, the elected Governor, Mr. Car- los Romero Barcela, proposed the establishment in Octo- ber this year of a political status commission. 159. The pOSItion of the United States on the recom- mendation contained in the decision of the Special Com- mittee of 20 August 1981 is that it is unwarranted by the facts, politically motivated and represents a violation of Article 2, paragraph 7, of the Charter of the United Na- tions in that it would constitute interference in the internal affairs of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and those of the United States. 160. My delegation is therefore glad to see that the pro- ponents have, not tried to introduce a draft resolution or decision on this very questionable recommendation, which, I should emphasize, did not receive the support of even half the members of the Special Committee. How- ever, the statement of the Rappgrteur would seem to argue that the adoption of draft resolution A/36/L.20 would show that the Assembly had somehow approved the Com- mittee's recommendation. We dismiss this argument ,~s to- tally without merit, and we believe it important that mem- bers of the Assembly make it clear that the Assembly h~s · ~ See AIN::.. 109/687. 4 See AlN::..I09/674.