A/43/PV.42 General Assembly

I propose that the list of speakers in the debate on this item be closed this after-noon at 4 o'clocl;. May I take it that the Assembly agrees to hot proposal? It was so decided.

In view of that decision, I request those representatives wishing to participate in the debate to put their names on the list of speaker s as soon as possible. I call on Mrs. Diallo of Senegal, who will speak on behalf of her delegation and also in her capacity as Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee of the International Conference on Kampuchea. Mrs. DIALLO (Senegal), Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee of the International Conference on Kampuchea (interpretation from French): 'I\:)day for the tenth consecutive year the General Assembly is beginning its annual debate on the question of Kampuchea. For 10 years now the Kampuchean people have been 1 iving under foreign occupation or have been forced into exile. No one is unaware of the causes of this misfortune that has befallen that country, a friend of Senegal, resulting from the foreign invasion and the flagrant violation of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries. The United Nations has repeatedly expressed its concern at this situation, which unjustly creates pointless suffering for the population of a Member State and is a continuing threat to international peace and security. This concern was fully reflected at the International Conference on Kamplchea, which was convened here in July 1981. The ~ inciplss set forth by the Confere~ce for a political settlement of the question of Kamplchea inclt!de the complete wo1 thdrawal of foreign troopa, respect for the right of the Kalll?uchean people to self-determin3tion and the restoration to Cambodia of independenn.e, sovereignty and territorial integrity. From the beginning of the conflict my country, Senegal, h~s assisted in the activities designed to find a political eettlement by supporting the Declaration of the International Conference on Kampuchoa and agreeing to preside over the Ad Hoc Committee establiShed by that Conference. My country has always been totally commi tted to the cause of peace in KCmpt1chea and in South-East As ia as a whole. we believe it is the duty of the international community to restore law in that country and to help the Kampuchean people, who are so proud of their history and their identity, to regain the ability to determine their own future, free from any outside interference and in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. My country has no hostility to\"ards any of the parties involved, and its position ill based on the fact that one cannot on any pretext whatsoever accept the use of force to overthrow the regime of Mother country. My delegation has already stated here that to authori~e or endorse suCh manoet!vres would be seriously ~ jeopardize the security of many states and, particularly, the security of countries that do not possess great mili~ry strength. It would also be tantamount to recognizing and accepting the principle that might is right, which would in the loog term lead to a challenge to the rules that govern international relations. I emphasize that Senegal entirely shares the concerns expressed by the international community over human rights in Cambodia. In our view, the United Nations, within the context of ita responsibility for protecting fundamental hUMan (Mrs. Diallo, Chair~n, Ad Roe Caa.ittee of the International Conference on It_plebea) rights, should do everything possible to prevent any return to the repression and atrocities that the Cambodian people have suffered in the recent past. The well-knoWl"! policy carried out by lIy country in promUncj and protecting human rights leads me to assure this Organization of Sttn698l's oolllPlete co··operation ir this area. Howe'/er, Senegal could never agree to the ~eventlon of a return to such abuses being used as a means of imposing a fait acca.pll or legiti~izing occupation by force of the territory of a sovereign State, in violation of international law and~e principles of our Organization. For the first time since the last 'lfC)rld war there has been a considerable reduction in the level of intensity of regienal conflicts and in sOIIe cases there has been a period of relative calli. Thanks m an international atllosphere of detente, dialogue and negctiation have taken the place of confrontation, which resl:ores to the united Nations an opportunity to fulfil effectively its pr imary function, namely~ the maintenance of international peace and security. It is fortunate that the queotion of Kanpuchea has to SeIIe eutent been affected by these positive changes, which must be encouraged by the lnt.national cOllllllmity so as to speed up the movement towards a lasting political settleMent. In th is spirtt, we support the process of .oving tQVards agreellent whi ch was begun at 8ogo1', Indonesia, within the fra_work of the Jakarta InforQc1l Meeting. The importance of that Informal Meeting was 8Ilphuiaed unani.,ullly from this rostrum by the major speakers in the general debate, a few vee~1J ago. The main advantage of the Meeting was that it brought to the negotiating table for the first time a.11 the parties to the conflict and other interested countries of the regl,on. Senegal always SUPport. regional initiatives in the search for solutions to local conflicts. It encourages the South-East Asian countr ies to continue to explore all the ways and .eans avallcble to them vi thin the regional framewor:k. My country reaffirms its support for the countries of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in their efforts to find an appropriate political settlement Uni ted Nations. of the question of KalllpUcb.. in accordance with the purposes and pr inciples of the The central role of Samdech Norodan Sihanouk in any poU tical settlement of the question of Kanpuchea has always been emphasized by my count~y. This is why in Senegal we take a particular intereat in the initiatives of Prince Sihanouk, among which the meetings in France in December 1987 and January 1988 with Mr. Run sen, the leader of the regime now in power h. Phrt,om Penh, represented an encouraging Rove towards establishing a dialogue. ~ trust that the third such meeting, which is scheduled to take place in a few days' time in France, will confirm our view. For his part, the secretary-General, Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar, continues 00 offer his good offices to the parties. The recent proposals to this end, which are referred to in paragraph 10 of his report (A/43/730) deserve close consideration. More recently the non-aligned countries ha7e established a committee to consider what contr ibution they could make to the quest for a solution to the problem of Kampuchea. In its dual capecity as a member of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countr ies and Chairman of the Ad Hoc COlll1li ttee of the International Conference on Kampuchea, Senegal welcomes that initiative. The increased interest thus shown by the non-aligned countries provides my country with an opportunity to ~eaffirm its determination to continue to contribute within this framework also to the quest for a solution. Senegal noted Viet Nam's decision announced last May to withdraw 50,000 soldiers from Kampuchea by the end of this year and the rest by 1990 at the latest. In the view of my delegation, as of the United Nations and most Member States, the wi thdrawal of foreign troops from Kampuchea is still the main key to a political solution. This withdrawal must be without pre-conditions and cannot be delayad under any pretext. We have unwavering faith in the wisdom and maturity of the Khmer people and believe that, freed from any outside interference, the CaJlt)odians will take up the challenges of national reooncilia tion and the establishment of an independent, neutral and non-aligned Cambodia under the enlightened leadership of S&mcJech Norodom Sihanouk. My delegation has studied wi th interest the report of the Secret.ary-General on the situation in K&~uchea (A/43/730). The proposals submitted this year to the Kampuc:hean parties and the other countries of South-East Asia are an important contribution to the search for a negotiated solution. My deleqation also appreciates the work done by the Organizatio~ in co-ordinating humanitarian assistance to KaMpuchean refugl!es. My Government takes this opportunity to pay a spacial tribute to the Secretary-General, Mr. Javier Perez de CueUar, for his tireless efforts in promoting peace in Cambodia. I associate in this tribute his principal colleagues in this difficult task, particularly Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed and Mr. Redi Annabi. we would also like to express our thanks to donor countries and to Thailand, the host country, without which it would have been difficult to do anything to improve the fate of the Kampuchean refugees. This year the Ad Has. Committee of the International Conference on Kamp.1chea, over which mr country has the honour and privilege of presiding, has held consultations with some interested Governments in pursuance of the mandate entrusted to it by the International Conference. The purpose of the consultations was to emphuize the continuing concern of the international community over the situation in Karapuchea and to win the broadest possible support for efforts to find a solu tion to the probl... On behalf CIf my eountry and of the meJrber s of the Committee, I 3hould like to acknowledge the support and encouragement which my predecessor, AlIbassDdor Massamba Sarre 6 and the member s of his d~legation were given in the countr iea visited by the Committee~ I am also hapP'i to emphasize the usefulness of the talks between meilbers of the Committee and Mr. Leopold Gr,atz, President of the International Conference on Kampuchea. The yearly high-level contacts between President Gratz and the leaders of the countries concerned wi th the question of Kampuchea, and his advice and counsel, have indeed been indispensable to the proper discharge of our mandate. We wish to express once again our thanks and apprp.ciation to Mr. Gratz. I draw the ~ttention of the General AsseJ!t)ly to the annual report of the Ad Roc COIII1littee, in particular paragraph 26, which reads as follows; WThe Ad Roc COIIJilittee believes that the mission it has undertaken has served the objective of highlighting the concerns of the international conlillunity on the Kampucbean issue. The discussions held by the mission have been useful in focusing on the var ious related and colllplex iR8ues. The COIIIlllittee is enccuragQd that there seems to be a general convergence of views and interests for an ear ly solutio,:, to the KaJl'l)JJchean problem. IrI (A/a>NF. 109/13, eau. 26) Cslllbodia's history in the past decade has been characterized by lIIisunderstanding, confrontation and needless suffering. This situation has lasted too 10'lg. We must redouble our efforts to help restore peace to the country without further delay. The positive developments since last year permit us to regllrd the future of Call1bod1a with somewhat more optimism. As stated in the annual report of the Ad HO£ COIIIlIittee, a speedy solu tion to the Kampuc::hean problem is possible and desirable. All the parties concerned must continue to demonstrate the greatest political will, and the internatianal COIIImunity must take advantage of the opportunities offered by the present situation to advance the cause of peace in that subre9ion. Senegal will continue to make its modest contr ibution to the search for a political solution 1n Kampuchea, within the framework of the United Nations and, lIore parttcularly, through the Ad Roc COiIII!t tee. RCMever, vi th the sole des ire of helping the Ib_r people to regain peace .s soon as possible, IIY country ls also open to any otber fraIHWork for a .ettlellent apprcwed by the 1nternational co_unity that could lead to a peaceful solution, in accordance with the principles Ht forth in the united Nations Charter. SUch a settlement must be based on the inalienable right of the hllpUchean paople to self-determination and to establish an independent, neutral and non-aligned I_pu:hea. In aQCOrdance with these principles, .y delegation agreed to be a sponsor of draft resolutian A/43/L.l2, WItch is now before the General Asse.mly and which we reco.-end for adoption. The PRBSmBNT (interpretation frOll Spanish): The next speaker is the Pd•• Minister of DallOcratic I_puchaa, Mr. Sen Sann, who has expressed the "ish to ute a statellant on the itell under conaideraUoll. Mr. Son SeDn, Pd. 'URistar of oemcratic I_pu:hea, was escorted to the Mr. SON SANN (Democratic Kallpua-ea) (interpretation froll French), The debate on agenda item 23, entitled -The situation in Kampuchea-, of the forty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly also IllarkB today a decade of occupation of Cambodia by the Vietnamese forces of aggression, still estimated at 130,000 men. So long as these forces of aggression remain in our country, the situation in Cambodia will remain precarious and miserable. Because of this military occupation, normal life and social and economic developnent. will be impossible • The number of votes of States Members of the United Nations in favour of draft resolutions on Kampuchea grows every year, in particular since the formation of the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea in 1902. Last year, the votes in favour reached the maximum figure of 117 countries. This political and diplollat1c pressure, together with internati~nal economic pressure and pressure exerted by the Cambodian people on the ground against both the Vietnamese GoYernMent and the V'tetnal'llese occupying for.ces, remain an appropr late and ef.fective means of fotcing the Hanoi leaders to give up their expansionist policy and come to the negotiating table. Shifting from the -irreversiblesituation in Cambodia, on which they prided themselves, the Hanoi leaders are now engaged in delaying diploRatic manoeuvres to loosen these pressures and reSQAe the totter ing regime of their puppets in Phnolll Penh. The question is whether or not Hanoi is sincerely interested in an equitable political solution in Cambodia. The polt tied leadership of Hanoi has shown IIQch ingr"titude towards Pr ince Norodoll Sihanouk, who h&d helped it during the 19608 in its war of national liberation. Not only were the Hanoi leaders, in particular Mis Excellency Pham Van Oong, then Pd_ Minister of North Viet Nam, ungrateful, in addition they broke their pledge made to Prince NOl'odom Slhanouk somewhere in southern China in the apr lng of 1970 before the late Chinese Prillle Minister, His Elccellency Mr. ChClu En Lai, that Hanoi would never invade Call1bodia and would always be grateful to Prince Norodom Sihanook. As for gratitude, Mr. Pham Van Dong sent back the five letters - three unopened - addressed to him by Prince Norodam Sihanouk in 1979 recalling these past ties and debts of gratitude in order to attain a just and equitable solution to the Cambodian situatioo created by the invasion by R~noi's troops. The only token of 9ratitude by the Hanoi leaders was to declare the situation in Caabodia under Vieti'lamese domihation to be -irreversible-. In order to colllplete its age-old ambitions of expansion and domination - since the Kingdom Cif Chaflpa was CXIIpletely absorbed in the middle of the el thteen th century, and South Cambodia, a region forllled by the Mekong delta and the Saigon area, was colonized in the nineteenth century - Viet Ham has not hesitat6d, either, to show ingratitude towards China, which had sacrificed men, equipment and $20 billion to help Hanoi in its two Viet Ham wars, by choosing deliberately the SOIIiet camp. In fact, h~d Hanoi sincerely w&ntcd an equitable political solution in Call1bodia, it would have agreed to participate in the meetings between Pr ince Sihanouk and Mr. Run Sen in December 1987 and January of this year, as the other Callbodian parties had invited it to. The two meetings betweer. Prince Sihanouk and Hun Sen did not Buccoed, obviously because of the intransigence of the Phnom Penh regime, dictated by the Hanoi leaders, as stated by Pr inee Sihanouk himself. Similarly, Hanoi. had refused the International Conference on Kampuchea as a framework for a COI'Aprehensive settlement of the CaJllbodian situation created by the invasion and occupation of Cubodia by the Vietnamese forces of aggression. We should like to take this opportunity to reiterate our gratitude to the President of the International Conference on Kampuchea, as well as to the Chairman and members of the Ad Hoc COllmittee, for their untiring efforts to find a political solution to the situation in Kampuchea. If Viet Nu can be btought to a(AOpt a less intransigent att1tude~ it wUl be .s a result of the e~,er-increasing l'ii ~~8 of the United Nations Member States in flWoallr of draft resolutions on lanapu:hea and the pressure exerted on the ground. These favourable votes are in keeping with the wishes of the CUlbocUan people, who s.et the total and uncondi ttonal '11 tbdr~wal of Vietnamese troops froll Callbodia and the exercise of their right to 8l!lf-determinatioi'. The two fun&a..ntal pr inciples of international law - non-interference in the internal affairs ~f anuther country and the right of a people to self-determination - are also in accordance with the United Nations Charter.. They are contained in the draft resolution on lampudaea now befor~ the Members of the Unit.ed Nations. Thanks to the encouragement of the 117 VOtilS cast in favour last year, political and diplCllllatic IIOves have been undertaken to resolve the situation in Call1bodia created by its invasion in late 1978 and occupation by Vietnallese troops to this day. Besides the International Cenferance on KalllpUchea, which l'eJUlins for U8 the ideal fruework for negotiatim towards a caaprchensive political solution to the Callbodlan problem, the .l'Uarta Infor_l Meeting (JIM), whidl took place in SOgor froll 2S to 28 July 1988, has tried to serve as a starting-point for a peace process and negotiated withdrawal of Vietn8llese occupying forces froll Cubedia. The Coal1 tion Gcwernment of DellOcratic K8lIpuchea, of which I all Pd_ Minister, supports the United Nations draft resolution on Kampuchea which is before the Assellbly today. Never the1ess, we deem it neceseary to meke the follow ing co_nts. The Samdech Norodoll Sihanouk side and ita ailltary organization, the ASS, wUl rellain an integral part of the Coalition GoIrernment of DellOcratic KalllpUchea, and Prince Sihanouk hiM.elf vill rfill8in the head of the Ih_r resistance aa long as the Vietnamese occupying forces rellain in Calbodia. Prince tbrodoll Sihanouk hes repeated time and again that he wUl never accept the fr.lI.ork of the Phnoll Penh regillle, nor will he ever return to Call1bodia as long as the Phnoill Ponh regime refuses to dissolve its~lf. MotecwCtr, he will agree to load only when ~ quadripartite government of national reconciliation is formed. The DeJllOcratlc KaJllpuchean side has already accepted the principle of dismantling the State of 'Democratic Kampuch~·a if the Phn~m Penh regime agrees to dissolve itself at the p;\e time in order to pave the way for the fOtmation of a provisional quack ipartite government of national reconciliation. We &:. not intend to exclude anyone. Quite the contrary, this is the only way to a genuine Mtional reconciliation acceptable to the Cambodian people and the international co_unity. The Coal1tion GoI1ernment of Denneratic Kampuchea is convinced that - wi thout the establishment ofa mechanism to monitor the withdrawal of Vietnamese troops froll Cambodia and ensure that they do not return on any pretext whatever - peace and security in the country will remain precarious and threatened. The international foroe for the maintenance of peace and security and the international colllllllssion on control and supervision are appropr iate mechanisms for lA lasting peace called for by the whole Camodian people and thl:!ir Coal1 tion Gcwernment. These mechanisms would also serve to reinforce the authority of the provisional quadripartite government of national reconciliation, whose task would be to prepare and organize free general elections, to strengthen a genuine reconciliation in which no Cambodian party would be able to dominate or eliminate the others, to ensure respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for the whole Cambodian people, and to pr even t any r etur n to un iver sally condemned policies and practices, as well as ensur ing respect for the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of a genuinely neutral and non-aligned Cambodia, and respect for the right of the Cambodian people to self-determina tion, free from outside in terference. When we speak of universally condemned policies and practices we mean especially those carried out by the Phnom Penh regime, which is the instrument of the in~asion and occupation of Cambodia by Vietnamese troops. During the Jakarta Informal Meeting held in Bogor from 25 to 28 July this year, Mr. Hun Sen, who led the delegation of the Phnom Penh regime, and Mr. Nguyen Co Thach, Dep..1ty Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Hanoi, stated that all Vietnamese troops would be withdrawn from Cambodia in 1989 and during the first quarter of 1990 at the la test. Those sta tements were made in the presence of delegations from the 12 countr ies and parties ooncer ned. On behalf of the Coalition Government of Democratic Kamp..1chea I requested that the timetable of the wi thdrawals be discussed in negotiations and carried out under inter national con trol and in the presence of an in terna tional force for the ma in tenance of peace. To date, Viet Nam has opposed any international oontrol of the so-called troop wi thdrawa1s and ca tegorically refuses the dismantling of the regime whi ch it installed at Phnom Penh two months after the invasion. Further, it demanded that the timetable of its so-called troop wi thdrawals from Cambodia be linked wi th the cessation of a id and assistance to the national res istance forces. Such an (Mr. Son Sann, Democratic Kanp1~d1ea) attitude clearly shows that Hanoi's statements on its troop wi thdrawals from Cambodia are mere manoeuvres aimed at sowing confusion and diversion within the international community. In fact, Viet Nam continues to send reinforcements into Cambodia to make up for its losses, and Vietnamese soldiers h~ve already begun to wear the uniforms of soldiers of the Phnom Penh regime. Viet Nam's ultimate goal remains the legalization of the Phnom Penh regime and acceptance ef the Vietnamese fai t accompli in Camodia by the international community, as well as the Vietnamization of Cambodia by Vietnamese settler s, who today total between 800,000 and 1 million. All agree that if the Vietnamese do not end their occupation of Cambodia and withdraw all their forces they will never be able to solve their political, social and economic problems) nor will they be able to undertake development in their country. How3ver, instead of coming to their senses in the interests of Viet Nam and its people p the Hanoi leaders have been pursuing their effoi:ts in the international arena and diverting attention from the real root of thG Canbodian problem, splitting the Coalition Government of Democratic K&mpuchea and destroying our unity and preventing reconciliation. In order to reach a political solution of the Cambodian situation, it is essential that Hanoi sincerely accepts the reality of the facts. The Memer States of this Organization are observing the Vietnamese delegation to see what Viet Nam can offer at this session of the General Assenbly. In no event can it avoid the well-known fact that the Cambodian problem is by !'l0 means ~ problem of civil war but is indeed the result of the invasion and occupation of Canbodia v an independent and sovereign country, a Member of the United Nations and the Non-Aligned fobvement, by the Socialist Republic of Viet Nllm in flagrant violation of the unite~ Nations Charter, ~'e principles of the Non-Aligned Movement and of international law. It (Hr. SOn Sann, Democratic Ka"2ucheal is the persistence of that invasion and occupation which consti tutes the main threat to peace, security and stability in South-East Asia and pacific Asia. It is undeniable that the cessation of Soviet aid to Viet Nam would con~ributp. rapicily to the withdrawal of its occuP'fing forces from Ca:nbodia. As long as the SOI1iet Union continues to help Vlet Nam to OCCUP'l Cambodia it will not be able to convince anyone, in particular the countries of SOuth-East Asia, of its policy of glasn09t, evtin less of its peaceful intentions and its vill to establish friendly relations with all the count!: ies of the region. Our eight-point peace proposSil of 17 March 1986 bears witness to our sincere ~ish to put an end as speedily as possible to the war which has brought about the desttuction of Cambodi~ and brought ruin to Viat Nam. It is time that we sat down at the negotiating table to find, between our two peoples and nations, a solution to the immediate and lCil'lg-term problems, forgetting the past tha t has so divided us. An end to the war in Cambodia and to tension in South-East Asia is dependent on Viet Nam ancl the Soviet Union. Before concluding, ! should like to share a recent experience when visiting the site 2 border camp, sheltering over 170,000 displaced persons, following the Jakarta informal meeting. While there, I met a group of Khmer children. During five decades of service to my country, I have had the pr ivilege of meeting leading figures from all the continents of the world, but I find that children often have great insight and great spmtaneity. One of those children - who may have been in their twenties but whose physical appearance due to malnutrition and deprivation made them seem well below their real age - was listening attentively and quietly to my statement. When I had finished he stood up and asked me: "When can we go back home?- I was taken aback for a moment, but I answered him: "Soon". On hearing this he gathered what seeme-dto me to be a great deal of courage in his voice and said: Iiwe shall wait Ii. Those three words of hope did not leave my mind for many (Mr. Son Sann, Democratic Kampuchea) days. They were words of hope, just as the camps sprinkled along the border r epresent an cas is of Cambodian hope. We Cambodians have suffered for a very long time. However, I am impressed by the spiri t of tenacity of the Khmer people. Even after the worst moments of foreign occupation they have maintained their hope. The population of these canps, and in fact of all Canbodians, retain their hope today. They can hope because if there is a single fact that feeds their hope it is in the increased support of the United Nations. Many representatives in this Hall and the cOlmtries they represent can credit themselves with having fuelled the hope inspiring our people. We have gooe a long way together for nine years, and we can only hope that this problem will be settled as soon as possible. We need your support more than ever. We need this support in order, as in Afghanistan, to maintain the necessary pressure to obtain the withdrawal of foreign troops from Cambodia. We need this support to proclaim "No" to aggression. We need this support to say "No" to foreign occupation and domination. we need this support to say "Yes" to a Cambodia for Canbodians. We need this sUi:>port to say MYes" to a neutral, non-aligned and free Cambodia which finally, in peace, can participate positively in the work of the United Nations. We need this support as a step forward in the long ascent. towards peace and stability in the wor Id. We are more than ever close to a settlement. It is necessary that we cast our votes in favour of the draft resolution on the situation in Cambodia so that we can bring the result to the negotiating table as a symbol of international support for the principles of freedom and self-determination in which we believe. I should like to thank beforehand all representatives - I think it will be the great majority - who will vote tomorrow in favour of the draft resolution before the General Assembly. I Should like to express my gratitude for your steadfast support.

On behalf of the General AsseJd)ly, I wish to thank the Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea fr.."! the i~rtant statement he has just: made.

I now call on the representati~e of Brunei Darussalam, who will introduce draft resolution A/43/L.12a Hr. ZAKARIA (Brunei Darussalam): Just over four year s ago, on the occasion of the admission of Brunei Darussalam as the lS9th Member of this Organization, His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, in his address to the Assembly said that Brunei Darussalarn "accept[s fully] the obligations enshrined in the United Nations Charter •••• [Brunei Darussalam believes] in the preser.vation of world peace through collective security •••• "We have a major stake in the efficacy of international law, in the principles of the united Nations Charter and in the collective security system which the United Nations represents.... Our only hope is to look to the moral and persuasive authority of the United Nations and its machinery for the maintenance of international peace and security.... We firmly believe that the security and well-being of our country can be assured only on the basis of strict adherence to the basic principles of the United Nations Charter. ft (A/39/PV.3, pp. 31-35) I begin my. address in such a manner because we feel that it is important that we constantly remind ourselves of our obligations to uphold the principles and objectives enshrined in the United Nations Charter. We also believe that the United Nations can be effective, as it has shown in a number of cases, especially in the last couple of months. All it needs is for each of us to show our willingness to accept our responsibilities which we pledged to this organization. I am happy to say that there is now a visible trend evolving that shows that problems and conflicts can be settled by peaceful means and an awareness that wars can only bring misery and destruction. (Mr. Zakaria, Brunei Darussalam) In the next two days we shall be considering an item that has been before the Assembly since 1979, an item that is of utmost importance to countries in South-East Asia, in particular to the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), of which Brunei Darussalam is proud to be a member. The item entitled "The situation in Kampuchea" has been dehated and discussed not only in the Assembly but also in other forums, both regional and international. I do not wish to recount the circumstances that brought about this problem. Suffice it for me to say that it is about foreign intervention and occupation, an act that is in contravention of the United Nations Charcer, which states that "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations lll • The invasion and occupation of Kampuchea by Viet Nam is in contravention of this principle. This behaviour is in complete disregard of the principle of non-interference in the internal affai~s of other States and in violation of international law and normal standards of international behaviour. This view is not ours alone, as many Members of the Organization have said the same thing. This is made abundantly clear by the fact th<:at since the General Assembly first considered this item at its thirty-fourth session in 1979, almost 10 years ago, there has been a gradual increase in the number of votes calling for Viet Nam to withdraw its forces from Kampuchea. Last year 117 countries voted in favour of a draft resolution similar to the one that is now before the Assemly for considerathn. What does all this mean? Why did the 117 countries vote in favour of the draft resolution? They did so because they believe, as we do, that foreign intervention and occupation of any country is wrong. It is aga inst: the pr inciples of the United Nations Charter. When the majority of Members of the Organization have expresed unequivocally their view that the invasion and occupation of another country is wrong, the only honourable way to put it right is to accept the weight of internDtional opinion. To ignore the major ity view can only lead to more sUffering. In ignoring the relevant United Nations resolutions, which had been supported by an overwhelming majority, Viet Nam must realize that it can 0.'11y prolong t...e suffer ing not c21ly of the people of Kanpuchea but also of its OtIn people. As a result, Viet Nam has been isolated and left out of the rapid economic development that has been taking place in the neighbouring countries. This stand will lead other countries, especially these in the region, to view Viet Ham wi th the suspicion that Viet Nam is not sincere, that it is not interested in working together to build a peaceful and stable region in SOUth-East Asia. We have stated many times and maintained that the countries in the region, inclUding Viet Ham, have I'IUch to benefit from each 0 the!:' 's co-opera tion. SOuth-East Asia is already acknowledged as a fast growing re9io~ economically. It is already seen as a region of the twenty-first century. I am sure that no country in the region would want to miss the oppor tun it: "9 that lie ahead. But so loog as thG problem of Kampuchea is not resolved it wUl be difficult for Viet Nam to participate. Since Brunei Darussalam joined the United Nations in 1984 we have made our position clear with regard to Viet Nam's occupation of Kamp3chea. We have repeatedly called for the total withdrawal of all Vietnames,", .,.)rces from Kampuchea. We view the intervention in and continued occupation of Kampuchea as obstacles to peace and stability in South-East Asia. we hope that in the present atmosphere of good will and optimism we can expect Viet Ham to show some measure of (Mr. ,Za!q!r ia, Brunei Darussalam) good fai th and good will. We hope that the trend that 13 developing, Cl trend that leads us to believe that acceptance that conflicts can he resolved peacefUlly, will encourage Vi~t Nam to resolve ~~is problem. We welcome the announcement that Viet Nam is going to withdraw some 50,000 of i~s troops by the end of the year. We welcome and appreciate its willingness to enter into a discussion, as shown by its participation in the Jakarta Informal Meeting (JIM), as well as the JIM working group meeting held recently. We want to encourage this process. We want to see, and I am sure the international community expects the same, that the announcew~nt to withdraw 50,000 troops is sincere and that it will really be implemented, not as in the past as merely an annual exercise in public relations. Viet Nam's words will be judged by its deeds. l'!e have all been made aware of rec~nt developments regarding this problem. My delegation is encouraged and hopeful that a solution acceptable to all can be reached. Our view is reinforced by the willingness of all parties concerned to participate in the Jakarta Informal Meeting, held in 8OCJOr, Indonesia, last July. That was the first meeting of its kind, wherein the representatives of all the four Khmer factions, Viet Nam, Laos and the countr iea of the Association of Sout.'l East Asian Nations (ASEAN) met. Admittedly the meeting did not resolve the issue, but the important thing is that the Jakarta Informal Meeting brought together th~ parties involved. The initiative of the Non-Aligned Hcwement r the talks between the Soviet Union and the People's RePJblic of China, the meetings between His Royal Highness Prince NcxodOlll Sihanouk and Hun Sen in Paris are all efforts to resolve the problem. Much work needs to be done as basic difficulties still remain, but the momentum must not be lost. International awareness and support can keep up the pressure and motivate all concerned to continue in earnest their search for a comprehensive and durable solution to the problem. This we belie~e is the role that lY.ust be played by the United Nations. I wish now to introduce formally, on behalf of the 57 sponsocs listed in document A/43/L.l2 and seven others - namely, Cameroon, Djibouti, Greece, Guatemala, Lesotho, Nigeria and Senegal - the draft resolution entitled tiThe situation in Kampuc.hea ll , which is before the Assembly. This is an important resolution for us, member countr ies of ASEAN. Among other things, this draft resolution calls for the withdrawal of foreign forces from Ka~uchea within the context of a COIIIprehensive poli tical settlement. This is the core of the resolution, the real issue. The problem of Kampuchea cannot be resolved until and unless all foreign forces are withdrawn. The international community must continue to make this ~int to Viet Nam. The draft resolution also reiterates conviction on the restoration and preservation of Kampuchea's independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and neutral and nm-aligned status. It reaffirms the right of the Kanlpuchean people to determine their own destiny and their own future. I must emphasize here that in order to achieve an independent, sovereign, neutral and non-aligned Kampuchea it is necessary that all States b.a committed to non-interference and nm-intervention in the internal affairs of Kampuchea. The draft ~esolution also mentions the non-return of the un iversally cmdemned policies and practices of the recent past. Some may interpret this provision as an interference in the internal affairs of KampuQ~ea, but that is not intended. It is not aimed at any faction. The reference is meant to reflect the expressed concern of the international community regarding the violation of human rights. The international community has some moral responsibilities and obligations to ensure that policies and practices of future Governments respect the sanctity of the basic human rights of the people it governs. The United Nations, th~ough ita 5ecl:'etary-General, Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar, and his Special Representative, Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed, has played a significant role in the search for a comprehensive political soltion to this problem. Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed has made many journeys to our region, and we hope that the secretary-General will continue to work towards finding a solution. We have pinned our hopes on the United Nations. we consider the United Nations as our protector, a body we can look upon to ensure our future well-being. We are all ~ware that the fundamental objective of the United Nations is to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war. The United Nations should continue to exert pt:essure on Viet Nam. All the members of this body should whole-heartedly support the efforts of the United Nations. we therefore call upon all present in this Assembly to vote in favour of the draft ~esolution before us. we feel that we are all at a crucial juncture and that there is an urgent need for international support, for this conflict must be resolved, and resolved soon. Hr. KAGAMI (Japan); On behalf of the Government of Japan I should like first of all to express my appreciation to the President of the International Conference on KaJlt)uchea, Mr. Leopold Gratz, to the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee, Ambassador Absa Claude Oia110 of Senegal, and the other meflbers of its Bureau for their efforts to ptomote, through a process of negotiation, a comprehensive political settlement of the Kampuchean problem. My Government's thanks go as well to Secretary-General Perez de Cuellar, his Special Representative, Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed, and his staff for the leadership and commitment they continue to den~nstrate. I wish to assure them of Japan's committed support as they work for a peaceful resolution of the Kampuchean situation. For near ly a decade now the Kampuchean people have been suffer ing under Vietnamese mili tary and poli tical domina tion. It was la yearsago tha t viet Ram sent its troops into neighbouring Kampucnea. Their. campaign to regain their rights as an independent people under a Government of their own choosing has been costly. Many, including innocent women and children, have lost their lives; thousands of others have had to flee their homes and seek refuge in Thailand. The struggle merely to survive from day to day has left little energy and few resources for the rebuilding of their country and the luxury of planning a better future for the next generation. What was clear 10 years ago remains clear today: the situation in Kampuchea cannot be resolved by military means. Only when a comprehensive political settlement has been achi~ved will the Kampuchean people, with assistance but not interference from the international community, be free to exercise their rights as a sovereign nation. In the year since we last gathered in this General Assembly Hall to discuss this matter we have witnessed some positive developments, including the series of talks being held between Prince Sihanouk and Hun Sen, Prime Minister of the so-called People's Republic of Kampuchea, as well as the convening in Indonesia last July of the Jakarta Informal Meeting, and we hope that the process of dialogue that was initiated through those forums will continue to be pursued. Japan pays the highest tribute to Indonesia and the other members of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) for their dedicated and farsighted efforts, and sincerely hopes that they will achieve steady progress toward our common goal of a comprehensive political settlement. At the same time, I wish to reaffirm Japan's full support for the peace initiative of Prince Norodom Sihanouk, who has heen actively engaged in a process of dialogue, specifically with Hun Sen. Prince Sihanouk continues to play a pivotal :ole 1n restoring peace and democracy to his country, and Japan is prepared to extend its co-operation as appropr late. In his speech before the ASEAM post~inisterial conference with dialogue partners this past July, our Foreign Minister SOusuke Uno emphasized the three objectives which the international community must pursue as essential elements of a comprehensive political settlement: first, the complete withdrawal of Vietnamese troops from Kampuchea, under the supervision of an international observer team and an international peace-keeping force - indeed, the Vietnamese withdrawal is a prerequisite for a political solution; secondly, the restoration of an independent, neutral and non-aligned State of Kampuchea through fair and free elections; thirdly, the convening of an international conference to secure a political settlement and guarantee the settlement that is eventually achieved. 'severing efforts of all parties concerned. Japan is ready to extend appropriate ©[)"Operation and support as concrete progress is made at each stage of th~ Lee >cess. As Foreign Minister Uno stated last July, the Government of Japan will cClsider extending support in the form of financial contributions to help c~er G~2 ~nses involved in the deployment of an international peace-keeping force; JTiJ['anese civilian personnel to serve on an international supervisory team at the t~"e of free elections; and the provision of necessary non-military mater ial. I believe it is appropriate on this occasion to point out that, while the t']i'hdrawal of Vietnamese troops ',s essential to a political solution, the [Gc .Jrrence of the inhuman policies and practices of the past must be prevented. The thousands ot Kampuchean people <-.:ho have sought refuge in Thailand are plltl,;ing enormous burdens on that country's G~ernment and people. Thailand's co::ageous efforts to alleviate the suffering of refugees within its borders clGc~rves our sincere admiration. Japan also pays a high tribute to the selfless clJG\5'->tion of all those engaged in the humanitarian refugee assL,'cance activities of the United Nations Border Relief Opera tion, the World Food Programme, the United Nneons High Commissioner for Refugees, the :international Committee of the Red CrcnG and numerous voluntary agencies. The Government of Japan has contributed SI.!~)itantially to those activities and intends to extend human resources development assistance to help prepare the Kampuchean people for the task of na tion-building. J@r 1n calls on all countries to do their utmost to extend assistance, especially to the: refugees along the Thai-Kampuchean border and in the holding centres in Thucland, as well as to affected Thai villagers. Developments this past year have given us cause to hope that pro9-~~ss is in~J~d being made. It is thus more important than ever before that all Member Stares which respect international peace and justice continue to show their determina tion to achieve a peaceful and comprehens \vtt: settlement of the Kantp.1chean p:oblem. For this reason, Japan supports, and has once again joined the ASEAN countries in sponsoring, draft resolution A/43/L.12. we call upon all Member States likewise to support it. Mr. TRINH XUAN LANG (Viet Nam): Our world today is witnessing an impoi~ant evolution from tension and confrontation to dialogue and co-operation in the settlement of disputes and conflicts at the global as well as the regional level. In keeping wi th that universal trend, the situation in SOuth-East Asia has recently experienced far-reaching developments. Favourable factors have emerged for an early political solution of the Kampuchean question as well as for peace, stability and co-operation in this part of the world. The situation in Kampuchea has steadily evolved for the better as a result of the great achievement of the remarkable revival of the Karnpuchean people over the past nine years, and the encouraging outcome of the policy of national reconciliation of the People's Republic of Kampuchea. As a result, it has been possibl~ for the SOcialist Republic of Viet Nam and the People's Republic of Kampuchea unilater~lly to carty out six annual troop withdrawals since 1982 and to undertake the present, seventh, troop withdrawal. The great significance of this year's withdrawal is that it involves a large number .of troops - 50,000, that is, half the remaining Vietnamese volunteer fotces in f-ampuchea - and their command, which was effectively withdr&wn last June. The remaining forces have retreated 30 kilometres from the Thai-Kampuchean border and have been placed under the command of the People's Republic of Kampuchea. As in the case of last year's troop withdrawal, we welcome foreign observers to witness this year's withdrawal, announced in the 19 October 1988 communique of the Defence Ministries of Viet Nam and the People's Republic of Kampuchea • Obivously, the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the People's Republic of Kampuchea are resolutely implementing the agreement between the two countries whereby all Vietnamese volunteer forces will be withdrawn by the end of 1990, or earlier, if a political solution to the Kampuchean question is achieved. On the basis of the agreements reached in Ho Chi Minh City in July 1987 between Indonesia and Viet Nam, representing the two groups of South-East Asian countries, the four parties of the two opposing sides in Kamplchea and the two groups of countries in South-East A~ia, fer the first time after 10 years of intense confrontation and stalemate, came together at the Informal Meeting in Jakarta (JIM) from 25 to 28 July 1988 for a dialogue, for discussions on 6 political solution to the Kamp.1chean question and peace, stability and co-operation in South-East Asia. At that meeting the delegation of the People's Repcblic of Kampuchea put forth a seven-point proposal aimed at solving the Kampuchean question, and the delegation of the Lao People's Democratic Republic advanced 11 seven-point proposal on peace, stability and co-operation in SOuth-East Asia. The frank discussions at that meeting yielded important results, especially the consensus reached by the participants on the two key, interlinked issues of a political solution to the Kampuchean question - namely, the withdrawal of Vietnamese forces from Kampuchea and the prevention of the return to Kamplchea of the genocidal Pol Pot regime) and the timetable for the troop withdrawal, to be closely linked vi th the timetable for the cessation of all military aid to oopposing Khmer forces and of foreign interference in Kampuchea. The meeting decided to set up a working group to examine all questions relating to a political solution and to make preparations for the second JIM. Those results were explicitly enunciated by the representative of Indonesia, as Chairman of JIM, in her reports to the meetings of nen-aligned countries in Karare and Nicosia, as well as in the 5 October 1988 statement by Mr. Ali Alatas, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, at this very rostrum. Also in Jakarta, at ·the meeting with the four Kampuchean parties outside JIM, Pr inee Sihanouk put forward a five-point proposal, in the fourth point of which he accepted the maintenance of the existing framework of the People's Republic of Kampud1ea, on the understanding that it would gradually evolve into a quadripartite administration. Prince Sihanouk ana Chairman Hun Sen also agreed to meet again in Paris early this month for their third round of talks. In sum, the outcome of JIM and the agreement reached between Prince Sihanouk and Chairman Hun Sen have not only broken the stalemate of the past 10 years but also created a framework for a political settlement of the Karnpuchean question in both its internal and its international aspects. Motivated by constructive goodwill as well as the earnest desire for the early achievement of & fair and reasonable political solution to the Kampuchean question, the delegations of the People's Republic of Kampuchea, the lao People's Democratic Republic and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam on 17 October, at the recent meeting of the J~M WOrking Group held in Jakarta, put forward a joint proposal regarding the settlement of the international aspect of this question. The joint proposal puts into concrete form the agreements already reached at JIM in July 1988 - namely, respect for and guaranteeing of the fundamental national rights of the Kampuchean people~ the dmetables for the withdrawal of the Vietnamese forces and for the cessation of all suC)plies of arms to the opposing Khmer parties as well as of all outside interference, with a view to implementing the conclusion reamed at JIM on the two key, interlinked isues of the Kampuchean questionJ international control and supervision~ establishment of a zone of peace in South-East Asia, with the principles gOl1ernin9 the relations among countries of the region~ and the convening of an international conference with a view to guaranteeing the implementation of the agreements to be reached. The full text of that proposal is contained in document' A/4J!758. Faced with the aforementioned positive evolution, certain forces, for the sake of their own selfish interests and considerations, are trying to stonewall, exerting all possible pressure in an attempt to hinder or reverse that ongoing process of dialogue. That can be seen not only in the obstructive stance of the Khmer Rouge at JIM and its absence f.com the recent meeting of the JIM Working Group, which made the discussions there on the internal aspect of the Kampuchean question impossible, but also in the unconstructive attitude adopted by some of the members of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) at that meeting. At the meeting, one ASEAN countryput forth a separate counter-pr.oposal, which pursues the same old objectives, insisting only on a unilateral withdrawal of the Vietnamese forces and demanding that the cessation of the supplying of arms to the Kampuchean parties be implemented only after V!et Nam withdraws all its forces from Kampuchea and that the People's Republic of Kampuchea be abolished, and so forth. In fact, that was an attempt to minimize and reshape the results of JIM while resorting to distortions so as to shift onto Viet Nam the blame for delaying the search for a solution to the Kampuchean question. But that design and those acts were to no avail. The meeting of the Working Group, though it failed to yield the desired results, reaffirmed the agreements reached at the first JIM in its press statement released in Jakarta on 20 OCtober 1988, which, among other things, contained the following passage: "All participants shared the view that the two key issues of the Kampuchean problem, which are interlinked, are the withdrawal of Vietnamese forces from Kampuchea, to be carried out within the context of an overall political solution, the prevention of the recurrence of genocidal policies and practices of the Pol Pot regime, and the ensur ing of the cessation of a 11 foreign interference and external arms supplies to the opposing Kampuchean forces. They also saw the need to set definite timetables and to provide an effective international presence to supervise these processes"• Tho stat...nt also indicated that the JIM Working Group would meet again from 12 to 14 Dec.llber 1988 to Pl'epare for the meeting of the second JIM, to be convened in Janullry 1989. In the coming day., Pr inee Sihanouk and Cha trman Hun Sen wUl hold their third round 9f talks, in Paris, as agreed. It is clear, therefore, that, d••pite nu••rous obstacles and difficulties, the process of dialogue now under way allOftg the South-Bast Asian ClOuntr iee and between the Kampuchean parties cannot be rev....d, becaus. it conforM with the universal trend and meets the common \apir.t1ona of the peoples of the regioll. It is necessary to stress further that a solution in the JIM spirit of the two key inter linked issues is absolutely essential for a just and durable settlement of the Kampuchean question as well as for lasting peace, stability and co-operation in South-East Asia. The withdrawal of the Vietnamese forces must be closely linked to the prevention of the return of the Pol pot-ists, because only on this condition can the Kampuchean people fully exercise their fundamental national rights, including the right to live without the danger of genocide and to build a peaceful, independent, neutral and non-aligned Kampuchea, ~~ntributing to peace, stability and co-operation in SOuth-East Asia. Should the Vietnamese troops be withdrawn without the genocidal Pol Pot regime being prevented from returning to Kampu~hea, the terrible scourge visited uPC'4\ the land and PeOple of Kampuchea during the period 1975 to 1978, which has been condemned by the whole of mankind, would ngain plague the reViving land of Ailgkor. This is a matter of great concern to the world public, and finds its latest expression in the recent plea of 12 Nobel laureates, especially at a time when the Khmer Rouge is feverishly building up its caches of arms and intensifying its acts of sabotage inside Kampl.1chea, outrageously violating human rights in the refugee camps under their control, where, according to The New York Times of 23 October 1988, "7,000 Cambodians had disappeared" and others were ·prisoner-slaves ••• pressed into the service of the Khmer Rouge war machine". In the present situation, there are three options for achieVing a political solution of the Kampuc.bean problem. The first is a comprehensive settlement which solves both the internal and the international aspects of the problem, and this we desire most. The second option is a partial solution in which the internal aspect is solved first) while in the third option the international aspect is solved first. The possibility of this has been indicated by the results of JIM and the recent meeting of its working group. Should an agreement on the international aspect of the Kampuchean question be reached, it would encourage and provide active support for the KMlpuchean parties in solving their internal problems. Like various disputes and conflicts in other parts of the world, the Kampuchean question must be solved first of all by those directly concerned, namely, the Kampuchean parties and the countr ies in South-East Asia. Var ious forums can play a canplementary and reinforcing role. Reality has also shown that only through co<"Operation among the countries in the region can the problems there be solved in a manner which conforms to each country's security interests and to the interests of peace and stability in the region. We therefore hold that the positive and constructive attitude at this juncture is to encourage and pronnte the ongoing process of dialogue among the South-East Asian countries and the Kampuchean parties, with a view to finding an early, fair and reasonable political solution to 'the Kampuchean issue and achieVing peace and stability in South-East Asia. Along with the judicious resolutions on South-East Asia and Kampuchea, adopted at its sixth, seventh and eighth summit Conferences, the Non-aligned r.t>vement has, over the past several years and especially since early this year, made an active and positive contribution, supporting the South-East Asian countries and the Kampuchean parties in their endeavours to bring about a fa ir and reasonable solution. Very recently a 13-member coll1llittee of the Non-Aligned P<bvement has been established wi th the clear mandate of supporting and reinforcing the JIM process. By contrast, United Nations resolutions on Kampuchea in past years not only have failed to solve the problem, but have given rise to confrontation between the South-East Asian countries in this forum. As a result, as happened with the wars that have started and ended in South-East Asia in the course of the past 40 years, the process of finding a political solution of the Kampuchean question is taking place outside the United Nations framework. Wi th the des ire of open ing a new chapter of co-opera tion on the Kampuchean question between SOuth-East Asian countries at the United Nations, as was the case at the non-aligned ministerial meeting held in Nicosia last september, and in order to support the JIM process, at the beginning of this session Viet Nam and Laos made a proposal whereby, together with the ASEAN countries, we would agree on a new draft resolution on Kampuchea that would welcome and express full support for the efforts of the South-East Asian countries and the Kampuchean parties and call on them to keep the United Nations regular ly informed of progress thereon. Regrettably, however, the ASEAN countries did not accept our constructive proposal. On the contrary, they pressed on with their o:m draft resolution, which does not reflect the JIM consensus but repeats many points of the old resolutions, which we have rejected. That is why Viet Nam and its friends will once again have to reject the ASEAN countries' draft resolution as clearly ~inted out in the statement dated 18 October 1988 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Viet Nam (A/43/725) • We reiterate on~e aga~n that only through dialogue and co-operation among the countries in the region a,nd among the Kampuchean parties can an early, satisfactory political solution be found to the question of Kampuchea and that of peace and stability in South-East Asia. In this spirit, we welcome all initiatives that help stimulate the ongoing process of dialogue in the region. we also welcome the United Nations secretary-Generales continuing efforts to contribute to that process. At this juncture the only positive and constructive attitude for the United Nations and other international forums to adopt is, in our view, to encourage and reinforce the JIM process, or at least to respect the regional consensus and to refrain from doing anything that might hinder the ongoing process of dialogue, such as adopting the one-sided draft resolution before us. Mr. SU'JlUSNA (Indonesia): Ever since the beginning of the conflict in Kampuchea, our Organization has been continuously preoccupied with efforts to bring to an end the protracted strife and bloodshed in that hapless nation and the immense sUffering of its people. Because of the magnitude of the vinlations of the Charter principles, this Assembly, at successive sessions and by overwhelming majorities, has unambiguously pronounced itself on the fundamental issues involved. Thus, it has emphatically reaffirmed the inadmissibility of foreign intervention in the internal affairs of Kampuchea, and upheld its people's right to determine their destiny, while at the same time offering an equitable framework for a comprehensive political settlement of. the problem. (Hr. Sutresna, Indonesia) Rather than receiving a post tive response to this world-wide concurrence of views and to various other initiatives and proposals, the international community has been in the past faced by the untenable claim of the irreversibility of the situation and by a persistent reliance on a policy of seeking a militarily imposed solution. Although the question of Kampuchea has been perceived to be locked in a stalemate, it is being considered this year against the backdrop of aome encouraging trends in the international arena marked by a relaxation of tension and the opening of new possibilities for resolving protracted conflicts in various regions of the world. In Asia, Africa, Europe and Central America, political dialogue and rapprochement are taking place for the first time between erstwhile adversaries and hostile neighbours. These de.velopnents have brought about a sense of fluidity on the global political scene and have raised hopes that many regional problems may now be moving towards meaningful negotiations instead of being mired in prolonged hostili ties and armed confrontation. On the problem of Kampuchea as well, there has been a discernible movement~ Indooesia believes that we should seize the momentum for: the peaceful resolution of disputes as well as the new opportunities and challenges to forge ahead in the efforts to resolve the conflict situation in our own region. Our hopes were further heightened by Viet Nam's intention to withdraw 50,000 troops by the end of this year and the rest by 1990, as well as the meetings held between Prince Sihanouk and Mr. Hun sen in December 1987 and January 1988. From the very beginning of the conflict, Indooesia and the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have been motivated by the sincere: desire to cootribute to a just and lasting settlement based on the immutable principles of self-determination, sovereign equality, non-aggression and noo-interference enshrined in the Charter. Hence, the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Ka~chean soil and the restoration of Kampuchea's independence and sovereignty under a freely elected government of its people's own choice must necessarily form the basis for any solution, as this would constitute a revindication of those principles. Firmly convinced of the validity of these principal elements~ ASEAN launched Cl ser ies of initiatives, including the Joint Appeal made on 21 september 1983 by the ASEAN Foreign Ministers, which outlined a series of initial steps, including inter alia a cease-fire and the introduction of peace-keeping forces. Subsequently, in May 1984, they issued a Joint Statement endorsing the call for national reconciliation. In yet another manifestation of ASEAN's sincerity, the annual Ministerial Meeting in July 1985 proposed indirect or proximity talks between the parties directly concerned. Finally, the Manila summit meeting of. ASEAN in December 1987 affirmed its previous pronouncements and called on Viet Nam to undertake positive meaSU1l'es to resolve the situation in Kanpuchea. For its part, Indonesia, as the designated interlocutor of ASEAN, has sought to bridge the widely divergent positions and endeavoured to explore all avenues which could lead to genuine dialogue among the parties to the conflict. In this, the Ho Chi Minh City Understanding reached between the Foreign Ministers of Indonesia and Viet Nam in July 1987 was an important development as it provided a viable framework for prelimina~y discussions in an informal setting for the parties directly involved and other concerned countries. As a result of extensive contacts and the resulting positive responses to our invitations, the Jakarta Informal Meeting was convened last JUly. Attending the Meeting in the first stage ware the four Kampuchean factions. This was followed by the second stage, which, in addi tion to the four Kampuchean factions, also was attended by the Ministers for FOreign Affairs or other high-level officials of ASEAN, Viet Nam and Laos. (Mr. Sutresna, Indonesia) Availing itself of the unique opportunity for dialogue, the Meeting proceeded in a constructive atmosphere characterized by a willingness on all sides to find areas of common ground on the complex and difficult aspects of the problem. It also signalled a deterllination to discuss the situation in Kanpuchea in all its ramifications and a wish to move forward in a purposeful and serious manner. Above all, it reflected acceptance of the proposition that consultation should replace sterile confrontation. At the conclusion of the Jakarta Informal Meeting, the FOreign Minister of Indonesia, in his capacity as Chairman, with the concurrence of the participal'ts issued a statement reflecting consensus on certain aspects of a settlement. First,' the Kampuchean problem could be resolved only through political means and not through force of arms or military means. Secondly, self-determination and national reconciliation should constitute the basis for the ultimate objective of an independent, sovereign and non-aligned Kampuchea. Thirdly, the two inter linked issues of the Kampuchean question are the wi thdrawal of all Vietnamese forces from Kampuchea, to be carried out within the context of an overall political solution, and the prevention of the recurrence ot the situation that prevailed prior to 1978. FOurthly, there should be a cessation of all foreign interference and external arms supplies to the oppos ing Kampuchean forces. Fifthly, definite timetables should be set, and an effective, international presence to supervise these processes should be provided for. The concluding document also contained an agreemnt for a WOrking Group to identify areas of convergence on the detailed and specific aspects of a political solution or define in concrete terms those outstanding issues requiring further consideration. Mtile the Working Group has yet to issue its final rcport~ it has already recommended the convening of the Second Jakarta Informal Meeting next January in order to sustain the momentum of these efforts.* Indonesia was greatly honoured by the confidence and trust reposed in us to hos t and pr epare the conven ing of the informal meeting as env isaged by the Ho Chi Minh city Understanding. From the outset, the Meeting has set itself the modest goal of explor ing areas of common ground, and it can rightly be said to have made a constructive beginning towards this objective. It is Indonesia's hope that, by facilita ting and providing an appropr iate venue and cl imate for the holding of this informal meeting, it has created an opportunity for progress. Nevertheless, wide divergences still exist, especially on the modalities for reaching a solution. These include: the question of the withdrawal of foreign forces from Kampuchea; the formation of a provisional government; the creation of an international body to supervise the process of withdrawal and to organize a general'election; the future political status of a Kampuchea under a government elected by the Kampuchean people themselves, free from foreign interference and posing no threat to any of its neighbours; and, finally, guarantees of adherence by the major Powers to any peaceful solution arrived at by the parties involved through the mechanism of an inter nation al oonference. These are indeed formidable problems. However, if these efforts continue in an atmosphere of good will and a spir it of compromise, we shall succeed in iden tifying the essential ingredients as regards all these aspects. A beg inn ing has been made, and we should continue to wor k assiduously to achieve a gener al framework for an overall political solution. If we can summon the political will (Mr. Sutresna, Indones!!) and poli tical vision to recast our rela tionships wi thin tha t btead perspective, dialogue will continue to be meaningfUl and of real and lasting value. In this context, my delegation has noted the Joint Proposal cCl'lta!ned in document A/43/758. Without prejudice to the proposal itself, it ie the view of lIy delegation that at this delicate stage it should best be left for consideration \l1ithin the already-('stablished framewor k of the Jakarta Informal Meeting. Ultimately, it is up to the parties directly involved to take up this and other pr~posala during the ~orthooming Second Jakarta Informal Meeting. (Mr. Sutresna, Indonesia) We are aware that in addi tion to the process begun by the Jakarta Informal Meeting, there are other initiatives and parallel efforts under way towards a settlement of the Kampuc:hean problem. We welcome them as we believe they also constitute a meaningful contribution to the search for peace. But to the extent that the Jakarta process has provided a substantive basis for preparing and defining the essential components fot a sol~tion, it should contribute to all other efforts and initiatives to resolve the question. In this regard, my delegation would like to express its deep appreciation for the good offices of the secretary-General, Javier Perez de Cuellar, and his Special Representative, Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed. Indonesia also wishes to express its gra ti tude to the President of the InternaHonal Conference on Kampuchea, Mr. Leopold Gratz v to the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee, ~s. Absa Claude Diallo, and its menbers, for their dedication and contribution towards a peaceful solution to the conflict. At the same time, we welcome the initiative taken by the Chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement, especially for the endorsement given to the regional initiative and the international framework of support necessary for a c:omprehens ive settlement of the Kampuchean problem. And Indonesia and ASEAN, of course, remain fully supportive of Prince Sihanouk who, wi th courage and c:onviction, has devoted unrelenting efforts to restore his homaland to independence, peace and harmony. His vis ionary leader ship and the high esteem and confidence in which he is held by his people is of unquestionable inportance. Therefore, in any efforts to resolve the Kampuchean problem, his views and approach should be accorded commensurate ",eight. A related problem which ASEAN, as countries of first asylum, has to face is that of the influx of Indo-Chinese refugees and displaced persons. The si tuation has b~n further compounded by new flows of refugees, even while the status of numerous long-standing refugees has yet to be settled. Indeed, during the past (Mr. Sutresna, Indonesia) year their number has increased, imposing a mounting economic burden an' serious socio-political and security prablems on them, particularly Thailand. Of late the concerted efforts that are being made wi th the participation of viet Nam and Laos point to the urgent need to devise a more effective strategy to deal with the root causes underlying their continuing influx. In our continuing efforts to contribute to a just and lasting solution of the problem of Kampuchea, we have been greatly encouraged by the positive developments that have taken place in the international arena and in the regional context of South-East Asia. ASEAN believes that at this crucial stage we should move purposefully to transform Kampuchea from an arena of unceasing conflict and strife into a land of peace and tranquilitv, at peace with itself and with its neighbours. Hence, draft resolution A/43/L.12, now before us, includes elements which could constitute the principal compone~ts for a lasting settlement. It also provides a broad framework for creating mutual understanding and the necessary confidence among all the parties concerned. Moreover, reflecting ASEAN's balanced approach and flexibility, the draft resoluticn is in some ways a departure from the past as it reflects certain significant developments that have taken place during the last year. These new elements take into account the concerns raised by the countries directly involved and other States. In this context, it envisages, among other things, the convening of an international conference under the auspices of the secretary-General. Broad-based support for the draft resolution would facilitate a comprehensive and negotiated settlement of the Kampuchean question, thereby allowing the nations of the region to redirect their attention and energies towards the pressing tasks of national development and regional co-operation, leading to a new pattern of relationships based on a structure of stability and harmony in South-East Asia. Mr. SHAHID (Maldives): I should like to take this opportunity to express briefly the views of my delegation on agenda item 23, -The Situation in Kaapuchea-. In this context, I should like to thank the secretary-General for his report on the situation in Kampuchea contained in document A/43/730. Since the occupation of Kampuchea by foreign forces in December 1978, the people of Kampuchea, wi th the support of the countrles of the region and the world cOllllllunity, have been trying to find a conprehensive peaceful solution to the issue. Since 1979 the General Assembly has repeatedly passed resolutions on this issue calling for the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Kampuchea, the restocation and preservation of its independence, sovereignty an; ~erritotial integr ity, the right of the Kampuchean people to determine thei&:' own destiny and the commitment by all states to non-interference and non-interv~ntion in the internal affairs of Kampuchea. My delegation has co-sponsored resolutions on the issue in successive years. Our support for these resolutiona Calling upon the parties involved to adhere to the United Nations Charter in solving these issues, has been based on our strong belief that just and permanent solutions to such problems should be found within the framework of the United Nations Charter and with respect for the sovereignty, independence and terri tor ial integdty of the people involved. My delegation would like to note the positive developments mentioned in the Secretary-General's report regarding the issue and to c.ongratulate the Secret&ry-General ~r his efforts in bringing about a more conducive environment for a peaceful settlement. In this context I shall not forget to mention the untlring efforts and commitment of the regional countries to bring about a lasting solution to the problem. Clear evidence of the present environment was the Jakarta informal talks held in July this year. My delegation earnestly awaits further pcsitive developments from those talks. As 1n past years, my delegation has this year co-sponsored the draft resolution on the issue. Rowever, I should like to make the following remarks on paragrmph 2 of draft resolution A/43/L.12. we fully understand the objectives that have led to this paragraph's inclusion in the draft resolution, and we whole-he~rtedly support the spirit behind 1t. However, COlIllIenting on this paragraph, we feel that since the prescr ibed arrangeMent ia of a specific nature it could more appropriat&ly be dealt with within th& cantext of the political solution envisaged through negotiations and consultations among the various factions and other parties concerned. My delegetion also wishes to place it on record that this view does not reflect our position in supporting and sponsoring the draft resolution in its entirety. Mr. STRmOV (Bulgaria): For some tille now the international (.lOlI!IIunity has been witnessing certai-n encouraging trends 1n international relations. They seeM to offer better prospects for the successful solution of a number of ser ious problems in different parts of the world. The item under consideration is a case in point. A just settletlent of the problem relating to tho situation in Kal\'4?uchea is of great importance. It wou\d contribute greatly to the efforts to secure a durable peace and strengthen security in South-East Asia. Ita positive impact on the overall international climate would undoubtedly enhance the chances for peace, tsecurity and co-operation throughout the world. It is for these reasons that the People's Republic of Bulgar ia has always suppor ted .811 efforts which genuinely aim at overcoming existing difficulties and finding a just political solution to the problems relating to I_puebea. The Bulgarian delegation notes with satisfaction thst a number of encouraging recent developments have been improving the prosPEcts for such a solution. on the basis, and in continuation, of steps undertaken last year, a two-stage inforllll!l meeting of the parties to the conflict and interested countries was convened at Jakarta last summer. The seven-point position of the People's Republic of lallpuebea Ort a comprehens ive poli tical solution of the Kampuchean problem and the seven-point proposal of the Lao People's Democratic Republic on the establishment of a zone of peace, stability, friendship and co-operation in SOuth-East Asia are undoubtedly a significant contr ibution to that meeting. We were also encouraged to note agreement in identifying the interlinked key issues of the withdrawal of the volunteer Vietnamese forces from Kampuchea and of the prevention of the return there of the genocidal Pol Pot regime responsible for the tragedy sustained by the Kampuchean people in the last 1970s. A timetable for a concurrent cessation of arms supplies to the opposing Kampuchean forces and of any foreign interference was also considered. These results are an in....ortant addit:on to the consistent efforts of the Government of the people's Republic of lamp.1chea to bring about a just political solution aimed at building a peaceful, independent, de.ocratic, sovereign, neutral and non-aligned Kamp.1chea. Its policy of national reconciliation and its numerous constructive initiatives designed to lleet the legitillate interests of other concerned parties exemplify the seriousness and the potential of theee efferts. • also hi9hly appreciate and support the unrelenting efforts of the SOcialist Republic of V!et Ram and of the Lao People's Democratic Republic towards a cc.prehensive pol! tical solution of the K&l'Ilp.Jchean problem and the establishment of a acne of peace, stability, £r iendship and co-operation in South-East Asia, particularly the joint proposal by the two countries made to the working group ..eeting at Jakarta on 17 October 1988. The Bulgarian delegation reiterates its full support fot these efforts. The results of other recent international meetings point in the same direction. Among these, the posi tion expressed in the Final Document of the Cenference of Foreign Ministers of the Non-Aligned Countries, held in Nioosia from 5 to 9 september, and the ini tiative to e)l:plore possibili ties and prospects of the Non-Aligned Ibvement towards the search for a peaceful settlement in Kall()uehea Mould be noted. It is our view that the present IIlOlIent is one of great importance. The potential of the results achieved so far should not be wasted but should be fully expleced and put to good use. Reverting to one-aided and unrealistic attitudes would be detrimental both to the Kampuchean people and to peace and stability in the South-East Asian region. This must be avoided at all cost. The ellerging prospects for a just poll tical solu tion of the problems rela ting to JlCampuchea should be given a fair chance to succeed. We believe that the United Nations has its share of responsibility in this r.spect. As shown by recent developments, a reasonable aJDOunt of goodwill and readiness to pursue constructively the dialogue could plaice within reach a just political solution to the Kampuchean problem. Unfortunately, the draft resolution A/43/L.12, presented for action to the General Assembly, fails to meet these requireMents or to take into account the changing realities of the situation itself. There seellS to be an attfll'ftpt to follow the same pattern again this year, as in prevAOUs years. My delegation will not be able to support the draft resolution as it stands now. However, Bulgaria would like to reiterate its hope that the efforts of the three countr iea of Inde-China, of Indonesia, and the other ASEAN countr ies will lead to the achieveMent of a just poll tical solution to the Kampuchean problem in the near future. Hr. AL-ZADGPlLY (Ora~n) (interpretation from Arabic): Today we are conce again discussing a matter of great concern to the international community, Ramely thl'! situation in KallPUchea. Since Decellber 1978, this prcblem has not only thre~"tened peace and security in the region of SOuth-Baat Asia, but ale;:) led to insecurity and instability in other regions of the world. Since 1979, the General Assembly has been calling for the wi thdraval of the Vietnalllese forces from Kampuchea and the restora tion of its independence, not necessarily because the problem creates instability in international relations but, above all, because this problem has major humani tar ian ramifications owing to the deterioration of the situation within its borders &nd the fact that so many people have been forced into exUe, not to mention the malnutr ition, hunger and artillery fire visited up>n the Cambodian refugee camps all alonq the border vi th Thailand - all of which has resulted frOll the severe deter ioration of the situation on the ground• . Viet Nail has declarf:ld its wish to withdraw, but it still refuses to abide by United Nations :eso1utions. Viet Mam is pursuing its armed intervention and has not yet "11 thdrawn all of its armed forces, and the economic, sooia1 and human prcblells persiato That is why it is i1llperative to respect the security and stability of Stateo.! not to interfere in intel:nal affairs, and to prf:lserve the right of peoples to live in peace and to choose their own system. The progress made in the search for an overall solution has resulted from increasing awareness in the international community of the gravity of the Cambodian problem. Tb achieve a successful outcome, the intornational community must continue to demonstrate its commitment to the pr:inciples of the United Nations Charter in respect of this problEm. oman has, therefore, always supported resolutions adopted by the General Assembly on the problem of Kampuchea. My delegation believes that acceptance and implementation of these resolutions by Viet Nam would improve relations in a manner that would be beneficial for the countries in SOuth-East Asia and enhance peace and stability throughout ~e region. My delegation believes that the eight-point plan submitted by the Coalition Government of DellOcratic Kampuchea on 17 March 1986 contains many positive points attesting to the genuine desire of that Government to arrive at a just and lasting soluUon to the problem of lampuebea that would ensure peace and stability for the region. Hence my delegation has endorsed the plan, which has received the support of many countries throughout the world. That is why my delegation reaffirms once again its support for the joint communique issued at the conclusion of the twentieth mi~isterial meeting of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), held in Singapore on 15 and 16 June 1987. That communique reaffirmed the desire to arrive at a just and lasting settlement of the Kampuchean problem, under the auspices of the United Nations, based on the complete withdrawal of foreign troops, the restoration of the independenCe, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Kampuchea, and the right of the Kampuchean people to self-determination, in the interest of national reconciliation. I cannot fail to commend the efforts of the ASEAN countries in this regard, and in particular those of the Foreign Minister of Indonesia, the representative of ASFAN in the talks with Viet Nam, on the possibility of arriving at a settlement of the problem of Kampuche~. We also er.dorse the recommendati.ons adopted at the Jakarta Informal Meeting in JUly this year. The Sultanate of Quan has adopt.ed a position of principle in this matter. It associates itself wi th all those thi.tt call fo!= the implementa tion on uni ted Nations resolutions aimed at reaching a just and lasting solution to the problem of Kampuchea so that the PeOple ofthat coun try may CX1ce aga in enjoy the peace and harmony of which they have been so cruelly deprived, under a Government of their own choosing • On behalf of the ·Gaver nmen t of Qnan, my delega tion wishes to pay 03 tr ibute to the Secretary-General, who is actively seeking, through the intermediary of his Special Representative, Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed, a solution of the Kampuchean problem. we shall cCX1tinue to support aL initiatives in this direction, and in particular draft resolution A/43/L.12, until a just and lasting solution to the (Hr. Al-zadqaly, oman) Kampuc:hean problem is achieved - that solution so long and whole-heartedly desired by the people of Kampuchea • Hr. ESZTERGALWS (Hungary): The inter national atmosphere and the vor k of the forty-third session of the General Assembly are favourably influenced not only by the positive change in East~est relations and the increasing momentum of the Soviet-American dialogue but by the intensification of efforts to resolve regional problems, including the elimination of hotbeds of crisis, which have destabilizing effects and impede international co-operation. Tangible and pioneering accords have been reached and encouraging negotiations are under way. Wi th reczard to agenda i tern 23 of the fOJ:'ty-third session of the General Assembly, ~The situation in Kampuchea", my Government is in agreement with, and follows wi th confidence, the efforts being made to settle the question of Kampuchea by peacef.ul means through negotiations. It appreciates the soberness and sense of reality displayed by the countries and political forces working for a settlement of this problem. As is also reflected in the report of the Secretary-General (A/43/730), the Kampuchean parUes and other countries concerned have initiated a process of dialogue which they seem determined to pursue until a framework for a comprehensive political settlement is agreed upon. This is an encouraging developnent, which confirms the interest on all sides in abandoning the path of protracted and sterile confrmtation and seeking a political solution through genuine negotiations and mutual accommodation. In this spirit Hungary welcomes the adlievements of the Jakarta Informal Meeting (JIM) held in the city of Begor from 25 to 28 July 1988, at which all sides displayed a sincere willingness to try to identify areas of common ground and convergence of views on the issues discussed. All participants in JIM agreed that the key and interlinked issues concern ing Ka.'Ipuchea were the wi thdrawal of (Hr. Esztergalyos, Hungary) Vietnamese forc~s from that country, to be carried out within the contex~ of an overall political solution, prevention of the recurrence of the genocidal policies and practices of the Pol Pot regime .tn,d the cessation of all foreign interference and external arms supplies to the opposing KalllPuchean forces. The results of JIM have been welcomed world-wide. At the meeting of seniex officials of the non-aligned countr iea in Harare last August appreciation was expressed of the consensus reached at JIM, which was viewed lJS a meaningful breakthrough in the search for a political solution of the Kallpuchean problem and for peaca and stability in South-East Asia. The results of JIM were likewise welcomed by the Conference of Foreign Ministers of Non-Aligned Countries held in Nioosia last sept-ember. The results of JIM and the agreement reached between Prince Sihanouk and Cha irman Hun Sen have not only broken the lO-year stalemate but have created a framework for a political solution of the Kampuchean problem in both its aspects, international and internal. The announcement by Viet Nam and the People's Republic of Kampuchea of the withdrawal of 50,000 Vietnamese troops and the command of the Vietnamese forces during 1988 reflects the profound changes that have occurred in South-East Asia. Pursuant to the decision ef JIM, a working group of senior officials of participants in JIM met in Jakarta recently to examine specific espec::ts of a political solution to the question of Kantpucbea. The gre~t effo~ts made by the host country, Indonesia, to ensure that the meeting waa held as scheduled and yielded certain results that prOllOted th~ trend of dialogue to words settling the lCampuchean issue are highly appreciated. Elimination of the regional hotbeds ef ci:isi9~ which pose a threat to international peace and security, is antmp.ortant element in establishing international security. The extent to which the Organization will be able to carry out its mission of mainbining and guaranteeing peace will perhapa be Cl touchstone of the united Nations capacity for renewal. In that context Hungary welcomes Vi!!t Nam's position that it is necessary to begin a new chapter at the United Nations iO co-operation among South-East: Asian countr ies on the Kampuchean quastion, and to create the conditions necessary to enable the Organization to play a positive part in the settlement of the Kampuchean question. The encouraging ongoing dialogue among the participants in JIM could be stimulated by the United Nations only through the adoption of a resolution welcoming and expressing full support for the efforts of the SOUth-East Asian countries and the Kampuchean parties directed towards a peaceful solution of the Kampuchean question. Therefore, it is regrettable that draft resolution A/43/L.12 fails fully to reflect the JIM spirit of dialogue and co-operation. It prolexags the deadlock at the United Nations on the question of Kal'llpuchea and does not provide a suitable base for the Organization to fulfil its noble responsibility with regard to the Kampudhean question• .. Mr. 'IORNUDD (Fin land): The progr ess made recen tly on the question of Kampuchea is encourag ing. I n ,July th is year the sear ch for a solu tion, long overdue, by the countr ies and parties most directly concerned yielded a significant measure of success in the convening of the Jakarta Informal Meeting. This meeting was an important milestone in the process of finding a comprehensive peaceful solution to the question of Kampuchea. Every effort should now be made in order to ensure that this process will continue. We believe that the present international climate will help the parties concerned when they come together in the near fu ture in order to continue their work towards. agreement. The Min isters for Foreign Affa ir s of the Nordic coun tries expressed, at the ir regular meeting held in August at Kiruna in Sweden, their hope that the Jakarta Meeting would be the first step in a peace process that will result in the withdrawal of foreign troops from Kampuchea and enable the people of Kampuchea to exercise its right to self-determination without foreign intervention. Recent developnents confirm that there is nCM a determined interest on all sides to seek a political solution through genuine negotiations. A plan for a comprehens ive settlemen t must be cons is tent wi th the bas ic purposes and pr inci pIes of the united Nations Charter and must adequately protect the fundamental interests of the Par ties concer ned, above all of caur se of the people of Kampuchea itself. The determina tion of the parties to achieve a compromise solu tion through genuine negotiations represents a significant change wi th regard to the situation in Kampuchea. Finland supports this development, and this has also been reflected in the Gener al Assembly debate. The main elements for peace in Kampuchea are incorporated in the draft resolution now before us. It is to be hoped that it will help to advance fur ther the peace process. (~ TOrnudd, Finla~) The efforts made by the 5ecretary-C..eneral in the fr;smework of his good offices have for their part proved to be very useful in seeking ways to facilitate a peaceful solution. Finland has nobed and paid particular attention to the wide agreement discernible on all sides regarding the principles that must be reflected in a durable and peaceful settlement. Therefore it is to be expected that they will be an important basis for the future negotiations. It is true that some significant questions still ~emain to be solved and therefore a serious effort should be made by the parties to settle the remaining issues. We look forward to the convening of an international oonference <:In Kampuchea that could at an appropriate moment confirm the results we expect to see emerging from the prccess initiated at Jakarta this year. Meanwhile, the international community must continue to support the humanitarian assistance p['ogrammes for Karnpuchean refugees launched by the United Nations and the specialized agencies. The continuous efforts of the Secretary-Genera! in co-ordinating the humanitarian relief assistance to the Kampuchean people along the border between Kampuchea and Thailand as well as within those countr ies mer it our deep appr eciaticn. My Gover nmen t will for its par t con t inue to contr ibu te to these programmes • We were encouraged to learn that the meeting preparing for the international conference on Indochinese refugees and the boat people, intended to help solve the refu~ee problem, took place last week in Bangkok with wide participation. The meeting rose at 12.35 P •.!!!.