A/PV.314 General Assembly

In the course of the discussion of this item in the First Committee, my delegation expressed1 its sympathy with the draft resolution submitted by the representative of China [A/C.l/631/Rev.l] , by which it was proposed to establish a United Nations commission of inquiry for the purpose of gathering information and facts 1 See 0 jJicial Records of the General Assembly, Fifth Session, First Committee, 400th to 404th meetings inclusive. 3. However, that Chinese proposal was later withdrawn in favour of a Syrian draft resolution [A/Col/ 632], which had the effect of referring this matter back to the Interim Committee with the requeat that it proceed with the inquiry an~ report upo~ its findings tu the General Assembly at Its next session. My delegcttion voted in favour of that draft, not without wond~ring, however, whether a smaller commission, such as the one suggested by China, would not have been in a ll,etter position to assume the task of inquiry and collecting information. 4. I would not have asked for the floor today if we had not heard, during the debate in the First Committee, arguments of what I might call the third curtent of opinion, the third force on the subject. It was suggested that we should not pursue the study of this Chinese complaint any further for fear that it might embitter the present interlmtional situation, because the United Nations is already seized of many problems, and becau&e what is past is past. It was also contended 'Chat, the matter having been fully discussed, each Member nation should draw its own conclusion. 5. As the representative of a small country, who has great faith in the success of an international Organization like ours, I cannot conceal the fact that these statements, however good may be the intentions which inspired them, not only surprised me, but indeed, frightened me. Conditions in the Far East, particularly in China, are already serious, whether we take up this legitimate complaint or not. Would the situation be ameliorated, for the sake of peace, if we were to close our eyes and ears to such a complaint? Have we forgotten the lofty ideals, the noble aims and pU!p0ses for which our very Organization was set up at San Francisco? Have we forgotten that less than a year ago this very General Assembly of our solemnly declared that the. question involved "the fundamental principles of.the Charter and the prestige of the United Nations"? 6. A number of delegations very judiciously explained that they did not consider the complaint academic; they merely critidzed the method by which it was proposed to deal with it. I waited to hear of any more effective and constructive measure, but, very unfortunately, I waited in vain. 7. The only concern of my delegation is wary simple. We should keep alive such an important item as the alleged violation of an international treaty and the Charter of the United Nations and not let It die an imposed death. 8. Mr. J. MALIK (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian) : In connexion with the inclusion of the Kl.1omintang chicanery, as we 'call it-for there is no other word to describe it-in the agenda of a plenary meeting, the USSR delegation wishes to make a few remarks iln explanation of its vote and its attitude to the proposals submitted for the consideration of the General Assembly. t~le Chairman of the Committee made a statement as follows (I quote from the report submitted by the Interim Committee) : "I believe that I refleet the views of many members when I suggest that the Interim Committee would facilitate the work of the General Assembly if it were to decide not to debate this question and to instruct its Rapporteur to an indicate in his draft report to the General Assembly".B 12. Nevertheless, in spite of this statement made by the Chairman of the Interim Committee, although this statement, which generalizes and summarizes the consideration of this Kuomintang chicanery in the Interim Committee, was unconditionally adopted by the Interim Committee, although the Interim Committee failed to submit any report on this matter because for a whole year it was not able to obtain from the slanderers and organizers of this chicanery any material on which to base its considerations-pettifoggery-in spite of all this, the question has once more been dragged before the fifth session of the Genera! Assembly without any kind of justification. 13. For those reasons, the delegation of the Soviet Union, for its part, must protest most vigorously against the illegal inclusion of this matter on the agenda of the fifth session of the General Assembly, against its consideration, and against the attempt to refer the matter once more to that same Interim Committee which once already has refused to consider it. At the back 0.: all this we find the sinister machinations of the o:ganizers of the Kuomintang chicanery, which is hostil~ to the Soviet Union and bent on keeping this matter on the agenda of the General Assembly by hook or by crook, in spite of all logic and in violation of the most elementary standards of political morality. The slanderers and those who incite them by way of these dishonest manreuvres are trying to make relations between the United Nations and the Soviet Union more difficult. For us there is no mystery as to who put his hand to this dirty business, and in whose interests this 'dark political game is being played. 21iJid., Fourth Session:. Plenary Meetings. 230th meeting, and General Committee, 61th meeting. a Ibid., Fifth Session, Supp~ement No. 14. of Australia, the United Kingdom and a number of other countries have urged that the discussion of this question should be discontinued. They cannot be suspected of any sympathy for the Soviet Union. But they refuse to take part in dirty intrigues; they do not wish to have anything to do with this disgraceful business. 15. In spite of all this, the organizers of the Kuomintang' chicanery are making every effort to keep this matter on the agenda of the General Assembly. So once again it is proposed that you I3hould deal with this slanderous chicanery by a private individual who i.as no legal credentials and who claims without any justification to represent China but who is in actual fact only the "personal representative of Chiang Kaishek", as he was rightly described ata meeting of the Security Council by the only true and legal representative of China, Mr. Wu HSlU-chuan.4 16. In speeches made during the fourth session of the General Assembly and in the First Committee at the fifth session, the delegation of the USSR and a number of other delegations have already disclosed what really underlies this slanderous Kuomint.ang chicanery, the purpose of which is to deceive public opinion and represent the matter as though the collapse of the Kuomintang regime and the failure of the policy of its American patrons in China had been caused by the interference of some kind of external forces in the domestic affairs of China rather than by the bankruptcy of that thoroughly rotten regime, which has been over- . thrown by the Chinese people. 17. The previous speaker, the representative of Thailand, urged us not to "close our eyes" to reality. I should advise him not to close his eyes to the real situation and to listen to the voice of 475 million Chinese people instead of that of a small clique of political insurgents expelled by that people from the frontiers of China proper. 18. If the General Assembly and the Members of the United Nations approach the matter in this way instead of closing their eyes to actuaiity, the solution of this problem-the problem of the representation of the People's Republic of China-will be expedited, and the result will be not only a gain in prestige and authority for tHe United Nations but also the advancement of peace and friendship amongst nations. 19. For those reasons the delegation of the Soviet Union firmly ubjects to further consideration by the United Nations of thi~ -Ale. provocative, Kuomintang chicanery, which does so mud.: harm to the United Nations. 20. There is really no reason once again to refer this matter to the Interim Cotrimittee; for that Committee can have nothing to do with such a chicanery, and has once already refused to consider it. To give this Nations commission of investigation met with complete failure. The attempt to retain this provocative Kuo... mintang chicanery until the next session of the General Assembly by referring it to that illegal United Nations organ}, the "Interim Committee", will also meet with failure. 28. This mendacious accusation has been deleted from the agenda of history itself, which will place on the agenda the charge brought against the real aggressor, the United States of America. 29. For those reasons the Czechoslovak delegation protests against the inclusion of item 23 in the agenda of the General Assembly and against the attempt to postpone this question until the next session of the General Assembly. i11~gally occupies the seat of China in the United Nations. 35. As to the merits of the case, we stated and maintained that its sole aim is to bring before this Assembly slanderous accusations directed against the Soviet Union, one of the founders of the United Nations. 36. My delegation opposed the inclusion of this item in the agenda because we hold that the ousting of the Kuomintangclique f:rom power in China and the victory of the Chinese peoole ovc~· domestic and foreign oppression is an internai affair of China which cannot be discussed beiore this forum. Our position has not changed, that is, what happened in China was the result of the deep-seated needs of the Chinese people and c, been created and advised the Committee to drop the case and face the issues of the Far East in the proper light and in their real proportions. Against better juctgment. r~solutions were nevertheless adopted after the pleas made by Mr. Dulles who needed some formalities which would, on the one hand, cover up the bankruptcy of American foreign policy in the Far East" and on the other hand, sustain the fiction of the Kt.lOmintang by keeping the problem on the agenda. 41. My delegation opposes both draft resolutions. As regards the Syrian draft resolution which asks that the Interim Committee be instructed to continue the inquiry for obtaining more information concerning the resents the height of illegality. It is a problem, sub... mitted by illegal representation in violation of the principles Qf the Charter,. being sent to an iU.egal body fer illegal action. }Iowever right the explanation some representa.tivestried to give- ~that the Interim Com.. mittee and the Kuomintang belong to each other because they are both dead organs-it does not justify the need of a resolution. Such a draft resolution is beneath the dignity of the General Assembly and my delegation will vote against it. . 42. The other draft resolution is wrong from every point of view-from the political point of view and from the legal point of view. A resolutiol1 which tries to perpetuate some treaties established with· non-existing governments and calls. for adherence to treaties up to a certain date is completely out of order. So is its political argument. 43. My delegation believes that the situation is much too serious for this General Assembly to indulge in such actions as dealing with the Kuomintang complaint and considering the two draft resolutions which try to support both the :United States and the Kuornintang. It is high time that this problem disappear, that the Kuomintang take its rightful place in the dustbin of history and that the United Nations, in a desire to fulfil its principal purposes, returns the seat of China to those to whom it rightfully belongs, the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. In view of that situation, my delegation will vote against both draft resolutions. 44. ~1r. DULLES (United States of America) : The United States delegation will vote for the draft resolutions, despite the fact that we believe they do not adequately reflect the concern that the United Nations ought to have about the breaches of treaties and acts of aggression committed by the Soviet Union against the Republic of China. 45. A week ago, 'when we were debating this item in the First Committee, there were some people, in all of our countries, who felt that any action by the United Nations to inquire into the circumstances of Soviet aggression against China might irritate the communist forces of Asia and provoke them to more viol-pnt attacks against the United Nations forces in Kort;a.. We now know that at the very time we were ha'i~~l'; this debate, plans for a massive Chinese communist often- "sive against the United Nations in Korea had already been made and the date of its unleashing had already been set. Aggressors should at least be aware that they will encounter pO,licies of exposure and that they cannot count upon this Organization being party to drawing a veil over their ugly acts. f 46. In the debate in the First Committee, I stated, on behalf of the United States, that we believed that a ~tudy ~£ Soviet a~gression against China ~ou1d. be mstructlve as showmg a pattem of conduct WIth which, now or later, all of us may have to deal, and with which we could deal more competently if we had more insight and more understanding. Because these draft resolutions are a step, though only a short step in that direction, the United States supports ·them. comb~tant aid to that army. It charges that the Soviet Union, taking advantage of events in China, has actually annexed Outer Mongolia and Tannu Tuvaand is now in control of the great areas 'of Manchuria and Sinki,ang. 51. These are serious; charges. They go to the very heart of the United Nations. If the Organization closes its eyes and ears to such charges it might as well close its doors. . 52. In the debate in the First Conunittee, some representatives opposed the draft resolutions nOw under consideration on the ground that the facts are well known. If the facts are well known, then we should have a responsible and considered statement or report by some responsible body of the United Nations. 53. Then the position alluded to is based on another consideration = that these facts belong to history and that, consequently, any further examination is futile and academic. Of course, the representatives of the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Poland would lik~ to bury free China as they have buried free Polatld, free Czechoslovakia, free Latvia~ free Lithua..nia, and free Estonia, and they would like. to bury many more n.ations. The question is noiacademic. Free China is 11..o'C dead. At this very moment, 1,600,000 sons of free China have taken up arms against the puppet r.egiine at Peiping. To take up arms against the terroristic 'regime of a totalitarian government is a fearful thing. Vlithout the utmost tletermination, such a struggle cannot be waged. It is only passionate love of country andfrefljom '~hat could arouse the peasants and WO.ikers 00 my (~ountry to brave the cruelties and brutalities of the communist r.eg#ne. That fight is growing and spl'eading opinioll from the real reasons for the shameful downfall of Chiang Kai-shek's anti-popular r:egime. The Kuomilltang group are using this slander in order to ,rove that the downfall of their thoroughly rotten regime, which has ~een overthrown by the Chinese people itself, was the result of so-called foreign interference in the domestic affairs of China. As might be expected, howevert this move by the traitorous Kuomintang clique h~s proved to be futile. The Soviet Union delegation and the delegations of the People's Democracies have proved quite clearly, by means of texts and official documents, that all the allegations of the Kuo.. mintang group are pure fabrications and are contrary to the facts. 58. Even those who aid and abet the Kuomintang clique are obliged to admit that the bankrupt i·egjme of Cniang Kai-shek is the victim of its own policy, which was directed against the people and protected the interests of foreign monopolies. That faet cannot be 59. Thus, for example, in a speech on United States foreign policy in Asia,6 Mr. Acheson, Secretary of State of the United States of Amer~ca, ~aid: ·'For years, they strug'gled with unbelievable courag-e, endurance, and patience against the adversities of nature; against internal division al1d strife; and against foreign enemies until the end of the war seemed to bring almost within their grasp the achievement of the hopes for which they had been striving. "Then the failure of their government to respond to their needs, its ineptitude and blindness destroyed all th~ir confidence and support." 6Q. Mr. Ach~son went on to say: "The Nationalist Government was overthrown in China not by force of arms. It collapsed from its own inherent weakness and the withdr~'val of the ~eople's SUppOIt.u 61. It is difficult to add anything to that statement of ~vfr. Acheson. That !vIr. Dulles would dou'Jtless like to disavow it is clear from his speech todav, in which he did his best to allude to the alleged interfe:l:'et1\:~ of the USSR in the internal affairs of China. 111 view of Mr. Acheson's statement, however, what value can be placed on the irresponsible chatter of people like :Mr. Tsiang and their United States protectors about the so-called interference of the USSR in the affairs of China? That slander has been unmasked and refuted long ago. All the representatives to the General Assembly must realize that the United Nations should 110t be called upon to discuss the slanderous charges of the Kuomintang clique and t1?...t any such discussion cannGt possibly promote friendly relations between nations, and can only sour them. 62. Today, the agent of the Kuomintang again used the words: "we accuse". Who are "we"? :f.,1ay I ask who these accusers are? The authors of the ,ntrigue, the personal representatives of the rernr:.lnder of Chiang Kai-shek's anti-popular Kuomintang c1iqtle, do not express the will of the many millior~ c, of ~he Chinese oeople, who have maintabed and still maintain brotherly friendship with the pe(!ples of tbe USSR. 63. The Government of the People's Republic of China is bound by a treaty of friendship and assistance with the Government of the USSR, and, naturally, ha3 not empowered the traitorous Kuomintang clique to speak in the Generai Assembly on behalf of free and democratic China. The great Chinese people have thrown the traitorous anti-popular Kuomintang group into the rubbish heap of history, and the fact that representatives of this clique still occupy a place in the General Assembly, which rightfully b~~longs to the legal representative of the democratic Central Peop!e's Government of 'China, merely shows that American ruling circles still count on their puppet Chiang K2.i-s~lek, who is being supported by the United St~tes. tan~ complaint on the General Assembly age.nda. The Untted States has need of this slander charge in order to divert public attention from the failure of the United States G2vernment's policy towards China and so as to be able to give the alleged interference of the USSR as the reason for the shameful downfall of the Chiang Kai..shek regime. The ruling circles in the United States somehow wish to mask the unworthy part which they have played and continue to play in the struggle to reestablish a colonial regime in China and to enslave the Chinese people with the help of the Kuomintang clique. 65. Instead of fostering absurd charges against the USSR and 'supporting the Kuomifitang machinations, the Govfrnment of the United States would do better from a practical angle to take stock of the changes that have taken place in China and to follow the example of its more clear..sighted partners by recognizing the only legal government of China, the Central People's Governnlent of the People's Republic of China. Thesoo"'~r the United States Government ceases to support ic pretent~ons of th~ represe!1tatives of the KuominCd?g clique 10 the Umted NatIons and calls a halt to Its endeavours to prevent the legal representatives of the Chin~se people from taking their rightful place in the United Nations, the sooner it will become possible to establish lasting peace and security in the Far East and in Asia. 66. To refer the Kuomintang charge to the Inter~m Committee is a useless and harmful idea. The InterIm Committee has discussed that complaint for a year and has of course, been unable to make any recommendatio~ on the subject, for the complaint of the Kuomintang group is based on pure lies and slander, and the only place for it js the garbage can where it now belongs. 67. In view of the above considerations, the dclegat:ion of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic will p1iOtest categorically against the proposal to refer the Kuo17L1intang complaint to the Interim Committee and will vote ag&inst the draft reEJolution which recommends such a procedure. 68. Mr. CASTRO (El Salvador) (translated from Spanish) : 1 shall be very brief. Jr. only wish to stress the fact that my government and my people have always taken fd interest in the fate of the, Chinese people. 69. Tha.t in.terest has, of course, led us to give serious considenttion to the proposal submitted by the Chinese delegation itself for the additiorL to the General Assembly agenda of an item calling for the examination of the situation-or rather the trag/~dy-which has long un.. folded itself in that country b,"fore the eyes of the whole world-a tragedy which ha not yet ended. 70. We hope that the outf.:ome of this tra~;;edy will be favourable to a people who h~s suffered so much and to whose culture the world owes so much. 71. The draft resolutions which the First Committee has submitted to us constitute the minimum that the General Assembly can do wit~l regard to the item under discussion. East, and the other proposes a procedure for study and . investigation of the Chinese problem. 75. Consequently, the delegation of El Salvador has no doubt that both draft resolutions will be adopted by a large majority in the General Asselnbly. 76. Mr. KISELEV (Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic) (translated from Russian): I had not intended to speak, but I am compelled to do so by the statements made by M'r. Dulles and Mr. Tsiang. I shall therefore say a few words. . 77. We had an opportunity in the First Cottlt'.nittee to discuss in detail the charges brought by the Kuotnintang brouP against the USSR. There is no need to resume the discussion on this·matter here, and I shall therefore be brief. 78. It may be said that these charges are not worth a penny. The statement made today by the repi'esentati~ of the Kuomintang clique, Mr. Tsiang, was full of malice, hatred and slanderous accusationsagainstt&e great Soviet Union, the heroic Clirese people atid its government headed by Mao Tse..tung. . 79. During the debate in the First Committee, the rea! motiyes for the slanderous accusations of therepresentative of the Kuomintang group became evident; tb.~y add up to any attempt to mislead 'Norld pubRc op~.·:~.·" and to allege that the downfall of the Kuottlm~'g' regime was caused by the interferenoe of outside f'Otc(i~; in the internal affairs of China, rather than bY. the bankruptcy of that rotten and decadent regime, which was overthrown by the Chinese people. 80. Everybody knows that this question was imposedI uoon the fifth session of the General Assembly with the approvaJ and blessing of the United States by certain people who represent a small political group, the Kuomintang, which used to hold power in China,b'ttt which has been overthrown by the Chinese people;·that' people elected the C.entral Peopie's Government ~£ the People's Republic of Chma, '. fJ,11 has been the ~ttly~, legal government of that great c\.-~ntry since 1 OetoJ>er 1949. The fact that a group of individuals of Mr. Tsiang's convictions-who have no right to speak or act o~ beh~1f of the Chinese people or to insist upon the dIscussIon of complaints--cansubmit questiona to ,. the General 4ssembly which not only hav~ nothing to that the Treaty of 14 August 1945 has been annulled by mutual agreement between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Relations between China and the USSR are regulated by the new Treaty signed on 14 February 1950. That is the legal aspect of the question. 87. The representative of the Kuomintang group ignores this. The Kuomintang clique ignores the new Treaty, just as it ignores the great historical changes that have taken place in China in recent years. The whole Kuomintang clique lives in the past. It has forgotten nothing and has learned nothing. That is why it has ine1uded in the agenda of the fifth session of the General .. A$sembly a slanderous and provocative question which 88. The wh?le world k?ows that American troops are now ,,:agll~g war agat~st .the, Korean people, that they are v101~tl11g,the terntona~ l11tegrity of China by their armed lllvaSlOn of the Chu;ese island of Taiwan and by the bombardment of Chlllese territory by th American Air Force, and that they are committin; acts of aggression against a number of other countries in the Far East. 89. These facts cannot be concealed by any accusations or abuse against the USSR and the People's Republic of China. The Kuomintang group and their prote~tors will not succeed in misleading public opinion 111 Chma and throughout the world by their slanderous and mendacious assertions that the downfall and bankruptcy of the Kuomintang Government was brought about, not by its rottenness and its decadent regime but by outside forces, and by the interference of th~ USSR in the interna~ affairs of China. These are fairy tales. No one can beheve these tales. Even children do not believe them. 90. In the First Committee, Mr. Tsiang spoke of tlus alleged interference openly, without any diplomatic dissimulation j he again referred to it briefly today. 91. There is no need for me to state here, Mr. Dunes, who interfered over a period of years and who is still interfering in the struggle of the Chinese people against the hated Kuomintang clique. I could adduce many examples. We have already adduced them in the First Committee· and have referred to the White Book of the United States State DepartmenF and to other documents in which United States interference in the in· ternal affairs of China is acknowledged, and proof is given of American support of the Kuomintang group by subsidies amounting to thousands of millions of dollars and supplies of armaments and other material resources. This American aid is still being given to the remnants of the Kuomintang group in Taiwan. 92. Mr. Dulles, you are clinging to a rotten tree trunk. It is rotten, and should have fallen lortg ago. 93. With regard to the Syrian draft resolution, for which you obtained the support of the majori~ of the First Committee so that once again the questIOn could be brought bef;re the Interim Commi!tee for .study and would then be reconsidered at the Sixth sessIOn of the General Assembly, the delegation a! the Bye1orussian SSR strongly protests against thiS draft resolution for the following reasons: 94. In the first place, we have never recognized and do not recognize the Interim Committee..We hav~ always considered and still consider that thiS Committee is an illegally constituted body. 95. In the second place, we do no~ cons~der that t.he Interim Committee should deal With thiS complatnht b'l't . t e because it will not lead to peace and sta 11 y m I Far East. On the contrary, such a complaint can on y jected and that the Chinese complaint be deleted from the agenda of the Gener~I.l Assembly once and for all, so that we are not called upon to deal with it again. 98. Let us rather turn to the fundamental question of inviting representatives of the People's Republic of China into the United Nations. That is a vital problem. That is a serious political problem. 99. RAFFAT :Bey (Egypt) (translated from French) : As my delegation has C:1lready stated in the First Committee, it wiU vote in favour of the two draft resolutions now before us. 100. The Egyptian delegation will vote in that way for two reasons. In the first place, many States repre· sented here recognize the Nationalist Government of China as the sole h:g2.1 government of that country. Those States must therefore study carefully the complaints made by the Chinese Nationalist Government. Secondly, the two dr8ft resolutions submitted to us reaffirm and supplement the resolutions adopted last yec'\r. 101. Furthermore, that vote will enable the Interim Committee to complete the task assigned to it, which so far it has not been able to carry out. 102. The PRESIDENT (translated from French): We shall now vote on the draft resolutions A and B contained in the report of the First Committee [A/1563]. I shall put the two draft resfllutions to the vote separately. 103. The representative of Turkey has requested a vote by roll-call on draft resolutjon A. I put the draft resolution to the vote. A vote was taken D>' roll-call. Chile, having been draVv'n by lot by the President, was called upon to vote first. Adnussion of new Memhers to the United Nations, indUdiTlg the adVISOry opinion of the Inter- national Court of Justice [Agenda item 19] (Lt) ADVISORY OPIl'fION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTIC& (.A/1353) (b) JOINT DRAFT RESOLUTION PROPOSED BY BRAZIL, CANADA, PHILIPPINES, SWEDEN AND SYRIA (A/1571) 105. The PRESIDENT (translated from French) ~ Wc shall now pass to the next item on our agenda- the admission of new Members. 106. I would point out to the General Assembly that this question has not been studied by any Committee and that it will be directly discussed in the General Assembly. 107. At the moment we have two draft resolutions before us, one submitted by the delegations of Brazil,. Canada, the Philippines, Sweden and Syria [A/1571] and the other by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics [A/1577]. 108. The ddegation of El Salvador has informed me that it proposes to submit a draft resolution. The rep- resentative of that country is not the first speaker on my list, but if he wishes to read out his draft resolu- tion, I think it would be very helpful to the General Assembly. I call on him on a point of order. 109. Mr. CASTRO (El Salvador): Several delega- tions are greatly intere:sted in this question of the admission of new Me.mbers, and, in fact, w{~ are ex" changing views with these delegations £01"" the' purpose of presenting a joint draft resolution. My delegation has already prepared a draft resoiution; it is being considered at the present time by other delegatlons, and it is our hope that a joint proposal will bl'; put before the General Assembly. 110. I did not come here to take part in the debate or to be the first speaker, but merely to suggest to the General Assembly that it might postpone the debate on this item and place it at the end of our present agenda. That procedure would cause us great conve- nience:Then we would have time to deal. with this im- portant matter. 111. If this proposal proves unacceptable to the Gen.- eral Assembly, then the delegation of El Salvador will be compelled to submit its draft resolution, but we would first like to discuss it with other delegations before definitely presenting it. Thus, I request that the matter now before us be placed at the end of the list of items on our present agenda. 112. The PRESIDENT (translated from French): You have heard the suggestion made by the representa- tive of El Salyador. He requests that the examination of this question bE:: adjourned in order to give his dele- gation time to prepare and circulatce its draff resolution. I Co-ordination between the United Nations and the specialized agencies: report of the Joint Second and Third ':::ommittee and the Fifth Committee meeting joindy (A/1547) [Agenda item 29] The President presented the report of the Joint Sec- ond and Third Committee and the Fifth Committee meeting jointly and the accompanying resolutions (A/1S47). Resolutions A, Band C were adopted unanimously. Resolution D' WitS adopted by 49 'Votes to none, with S abstentions. ' . Resolution E was adopted by 48 'Votes to S, with 2 abstentions. 115. The PRESIDENT (translated from French) : I . call upon. the representative of the USSR, who wishes to explain his vote. 116. Mr. ARUTIUNIAN (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian): The delegation of the USSR has voted against resolution E submitted by the Joint Second and Third Commit~ee and the Fifth Committee meet1ng jointly, for the following reasons. 117. The delegation of the USSR considers that ques- tions o£penal law fall within the internal comp~tence of St~tes and tb~t the United Nations should not, there- fore, interfere in that field. The fact that the Inter- national Penal and Penitentiary Commission, set up in London in 1872, has not yet been able to include a large number of States in its membership proves that a large majority of States do not feel able to participate in this Commission, because questions of penal law fall within the internal competence of States. Every State must settle such problems independently, in accordance with its national conditions, usages and traditions. 118. If cerfcain governments consider the joint study of certaitt problems of penal law essential, they can retain the Internati01'nu Peool and Penitentiary Commission in the form iu which it exists at present. There is no jus- tification for transrerring its functions to the United Nations, the majority of whose Members are not mem- bers of the Commission, since s1Jch ?b measure would be clearly.contrary to th'e principles, purposes and tasks of the United Nations. 119. The report which we are considering states that the transfer of the functiol1~ of the Intrtrnational Penal and Penitentiary .Commissiun to tbe United Nations; would help to eliminate the duplication between the work of the Commission and that of the Economic and Social COGncil. This argument is absolutely unfounded. Penal and Penitentiary Commission, because that trans.. fer would be contrary to the principles, purposes and tasks of the United Nations. The delegation of the USSR has therefore voted against this resolution. Chapters I, VIII (section Jl) and X of the report of the Economic and Sodal CouncD: report of the joint Second and Third Committee ' (A/1567, part I) [Agenda item 12] regional economic commissions should be maintained. 128. We wish to explain our position. Our objection to this resolution is a procedural or tonstitutional one; The regional economic commissions are the creations of the Economic and Social Council. They are responsible not directly to the General Assembly, but f;: the Eeo.. nomic and Social Council which supervises and directs their activities. The Council, by its resolution 295 B (XI), has just set up an ad hoc committee to review all . Council, to form its own independent views as to the future of its own machinery and its own regional eco.. nomic commissions. As we see it, tll.e General Assembly must have the right.of review of any decisions made.by: the Economic and Social Council. But it is our belief that this reviewshoitld have taken place at the next session of the General Assembly after the EconoIrllc anl Social Council had formed its own conclusions. ; 129. Those .are the reasons which prevented us from voting in favour of resolution A. But at the same time we do not wish to take a position here and now ~st the maintenance of regional economic commissions- that might have been the interpretation given to a vote against this resolution. Our experieoce as a member of the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East has led us to value very highly the regional approach to international economic problems. But we are opposed to forcing a view upon the competent organ of the .United Nations, namely, the Economic and Social Coan~ cil, and for that reason we abstained in the vote < on this patticular resolution. The problem. of the independence of L.orea. Plans for reliei and rehahilltation of Ko\rea: report of the Joint Second and Third Committee (A/1567, part ll) [Agenda item 24] Mrs. Sinclai1'" (C(lnad.a), Rapporteur, pr~sent(Jd Par.t11 of the report of theJo~nt Second and Thf·rd Comm#tee 130. The .PRESIDENT (translated from French) : I should like to know whether Mrs. Sinclair consiaers that parts A and B of resolution A should be put to the vote together or separately. . 131. Mrs. SINCLAIR (Canada), Rapporteur of the Joint Second and Third Committee: I thitlk we can vote on them both together.

Accordingly the General Assembly is now seized of the draft resolution on "relief and rehabilitation of Korea". 133. I call upon' the representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, who wishes to explain his vote. 134. Mr. ARUTIUNIAN (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (translated from Russian) : As I understand .the positionJ you have called for a vote on the two resolutions contained in t~e second part of the report: resolution A concerning the relief and rehabilitation of Korea, and resolution B concerning financial arrange- . ments tor the organization of the relief and rehabilita... tion of Korea. If I have understood you 'correctly, I . should like to explain the vote of the delegation of the Soviet Union on the~e resolutions. < 8 This resolution was official1y submitted to·the Jomt Second .and Third Committee by the Economic and Social Council. 136. When the question of the independence of Korea was discussed in the General Assembly, the head of the USSR delegation adduced irrefutable facts and docu-:- ments [293rd. meeting] proving American aggression in Korea and the interference of the armed forces of the United States in Korea•. This is becotnin:g inC1"easingly obvious daily. Even the~outh Korean politicians are beginning to understand this. Thus, aJ;cording to an Atnerican press communique dated 4 N'ovember 1950, a considerable group of the South <•• Korean National Assembly st!bmitted a petition stating that. the. guilty party in the Kor(~an war was the Gover~ent of Syngman Rhee, Wl1ich is known to be a puppat of the United States. . 137. United States intervention in Kor~~ has brought untold suffering upon the Korean people. The destruc... tion whichhas taken place in Korea is a direct result of Amel'ican < ~ggtession. The" United States Air Force has batbaroudy bomb~;(dedand is still bombarding the peaceful inhabitants of. Korea, Korean. vjllages and towns, industries, agricultural centres and means ~o£ transportation., This barbarous bombardment has mflicted great lO~lses on Korean economy and has deprived the country <of the resources essential for its rehabilita... tion. This is&dmitted even by American correspondents in Korea. Thus Robert Martin, a correspondent of the NewYQrk newspaper The Sunday Comp(J)Ss~ wrote what follows ina.despatch from Korea on 20 October: l'As a result of three months of bombing, Korea now must import practically everything needed for rehabilitation. of the country's economy, plus huge quantities of fertilizer to keep the people from starving. The country will have no source of forei~ll exchange." The report goes on to say "The cost of reconstructing the bombed-out indus~ tries will be in terms of many hundreds of millions of dollars." 138. That is what an American correspondent writes about Korea. . 139. Thus we see that even American correspondents . are obliged to admit.that the bombardments of peaceful. industries in Korea by the United States Air Force is causing destruction in that country. ~ince the end of October the American Press has begun to. publish communiques containing the belated admission that the " 'strategic' bombing" of industrial targets in Korea was not necessitated by military considerations and was "a costly mistake". That is stated ite the 22 October issue of The Sunday Compass. 140. Reports that whole districts of Korean dwellinghouses have been "vYiped from the face of the earth by United s.tates bombs are regarded by some American newspapers as a tragic mistake. In actual facty however, the bombardment of the civilian population, towns and villages, industrial targets, agricultural centres and 141. It is ~so well known, that American forces in Korea are p\1rsuing a "scorched earth" policy and are razing to the ground the peaceful villages that lie in their path as they re'treat. 142. How then is it possible to say that the destruction of Korea is not the result of American aggression, but of some other aggression, a North Korean aggression? Such an erroneous presentation of the question is inadmissible in a General Assembly resolution. 143. The delegation of the USSR therefore proposes that the first, third and fourth paragraphs be deleted from the preamble to the resolution submitted by the Joint Second and Third Committee. We have submitted the relevant amendment to the plenary meeting of the General Assembly and it has been distributed to all delegations as document A/1579. 144. The delegation of the USSR considers that reUef to Korea should not be used for any political p~rpose contrary to the interests of the Korean people. Reltef for Kor~a. should be carried out in such a manner as to promote the rapid rehabilitation of the country's economy in accordance with the national interests of the Korean people and to strengthen the political and economic independence of Korea. It must not serve as a pretext for foreign economic and political interference in the internal affairs of Kore&. or be accompanied by any political conditions whatsoever. 145 .Decisions of the aSf'iistance required by Korea for its rehabilitation, and the consideration of programmes, plans and statements concerning assistance for rehabilitation, Should be made with the participation of representatives of the Korean people. The United Nations should carry out the whole work of providing relief for Korea with the active participation of representatives of the Ko!ean people. 146. The draft resolution submitted by the Joint Second and Third Committee contains provisions which wm.tld allow foreign interference in the internal affairs of Korea. For instance, paragraph 10 of section B of draft resolution A submitted by the Committee would allow interference in the economic policy and economic life of Korea. 147. The delegation of the USSR therefore proposes an amendment to delete the second part of paragraph 10 of section B of this resolution, from the words "Among these . • ." to the end of the paragraph. 148. The resolution confers extraordinarily wide powers on the Agent General, who is entrusted with the whole organization of relief in Korea. At the same time extensive obligations are imposed on the Korean authorities. The delegation of the USSR therefore objects to the second part of paragraph 10 and proposes its deletion. 149. In conclusion, I should like to point out that the delegation of the Soviet Union considers that the con" tributions of all countries should be voluntary and should be made in national currencies, for use in purchasing commodities for the rehabilitation of Korea. 150. The PRESIDENT (translated from French): There are still two speakers who wish to explain their consti\~uteclan acceptl\ble basis for discussion. The Council, hO'vever, was not lable to consider the Australian draft resolution on account of the intransigent attitude of the United States delegation and the pressure it exercised, and a new draft resolution was submitted jointly by Australia and the United' States.12 That draft introduced two new paragraphs, the third and fourth paragraphs of the preamble, according to which North Korea had committed the aggression and that so-called aggression was the cause of the economic destruction in Korea. 154. The Czechoslovak delegation, basing its view on actual facts, rejects such an attitude. The Chairman of my delegation, Mr. Siroky, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, proved from this very rostrum, by irrefutable facts, that not Northern Korea but the United States is the sole aggressor in Korea [293rd meeting] . 155. Similarly the Czechoslovak del~gation rejects the declaration that it is the armed forces of North Korea that have caused the economic destruction. 156. In the course of this session, the delegation of the Soviet Union has submitted a draft resolution for a pacific settlement of the conflict in Korea [A/1426]. The development of events during the last few days has again confirmed that the peace policy of the Soviet Union serves to promote world peace. If the USSR proposals had been accepted, Korea might have been spared the horrors of war, economic destruction and the death of tens of thousands on human beings. 157. The resolution now before us qgain shields the real aggressor and attempts to conceal the true reasons for the devastation of Korea. It makes no reference to the barbarous bombing carried out by the United States Air Force, to the thousands of men, women and children .who have bet:n slaughtered, or to the towns, hospitals, - oFor the discussion on this subject in the Economic and Social Council, see 0;fficial Records of the Bconomic and Social Council, Eleventh Session, 417th to 433rd meetings inclusive. 10 For the disc:ussion on this subject in the Joint Second and Third Committf.'e, see Official Rtcords of the Gentral A.ssembly, Fifth Session, Joint Second and Third Committees, 52nd to 54th and 56th meetings. 11 See document E/1852. tud~ with respect to the plans for the reHef and rehabilitation of Korea, which is being devastated by aggressors who hide their imperialist aims under the flag of the United Nations. But it cannot accept a procedure which, under the pretext of economic assistance, facilitates interference in the internal affairs of Korea in order to reinforce the domination of American imperialists and to deprive the Korean people of their fundamental rights. 164. Economic assistance for Kor~ must repair the destruction caused by war, and encourCige econ0111ic development and the development of the political, social and cultural life of the Korean people. The draft resolution, on the contrary, sanctions intl~rvention in the internal economic and political affairs of Korea and deprives the Korean people of the right fJf self-dettlrmination. 165. The Czechoslovak delega.tion suppotts the Soviet Union amendment [A/1Si9]. H that amenc1ment is not adopted, my delegation will vote against the first, third and fourth paragraphll of the preamble and will abstain from voting on the resolution as a whole. 166. Mr. SANTA CRUZ (Chile) (translated from Spanish) : I take it that I may say a few words about the amendment which the USSR delegation has sub- 111itted to this draft resolution. "Mindful that the aggression by North Korean forces and their warfare against the United Nations seeking to restore peace in the area has resulted in great devastation and destruction which the Korean people cannot themselves repair, "Rcc(Jg:::d;"g that as a result of such aggression the people of Korea are desperately in n<. ~d of relief suppli'~s and materials and help in reconstructing their econotnv. .. . U Deeply moved by the sufferings of the Korean people and determined to assist in their alleviation •••" 168. I believe that the USSR representative himself has given the best reason for retaining the paragraphs I have just read by against asserting that ~he events in Korea are due to aggression by the United States. In the face of this lie, which is intended to deceive world public opinion once more and which contradicts the conviction of fifty-three governments here present, as officially stated in the General Assembly in the face of the renewed act of aggt'ession against. Korea committed .by Communist China, it morally behoves the United Nations to assert and ,,·eassert the truth at every opportunity and by all possible means. The vote which the Assembly is about to cast on the amendment t~ delete those paragraphs of the preamble will provide the required reaffirmation of that truth by the General Assembly. 169. The USSR delegation has alsoca1led for the deletion of the second part of paragraph 10 of the sec.. tion of general policy on the ground that it amounts to intervention in the domestic affairs of Ko~. The reso- . lution on relief and rehabilitation of Korea was drafted by the Economic and Social Council and reviewed by the General Assembly, always bearing in mind the obligation not to intervene in the internal affairs of Korea. The sole purpose of the paragraph is to recommend that the authorities in Korea should take the appropriate economic measures to insure that the aid to be furnished by the United Nations is effective, without laying down at any point what those measures should be. 170. We shall vote for this resolution, even though it may be difficult to implement it in present circumstances. In the past few days nothing has seemed certain now that Chinese commuuist aggression is leading to more destruction and creating new situations which will bring hunger and misery to Korea. Nevertheless, I believe that the resolution must be approved now. It will constitute a confirmation of the will of the United Nations to recpnstruct and rehabilitate Korea and a proof that the United Nations has had no other objective in intervening in Korea than to fulfil the principles of the Chatter and ensure the well being of the people of Korea within the £ramework of those principles. 171. Mr. SPARKMAN (United States of America) : On behalf of n1;Y delegation, I wish to say that we most heartily agree with the statement made by the Presi... dent as regards explanations of votes. We should not have spoken if the Soviet Union representative had.not made a statement in which he, in effect, placed before the Assembly his delegation's amendment. In the light I sentativ~:; of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, since in Korea at a plenary meeting of the Genera.l Assembly. this whole question has been thoroughly discussed and 177. In connexit:m with the draft resolution submitted decided upon by the United Nations bodies entrusted to us on the prog:ramme for relief and rehabilitation of with these ,matters. The draft resolution submitted {o,r Korea, the delegntion of the UkHllnian SSR deems it the cOl~sideration of the General Assembly merely necessary to state once again that the domestic economy records what has already, in fact, been decided UPO? of Korea, which has suffered as a result of foreign inter- It is a known fact that on 25 June 19JO there was In vention, requires effective economic assistance. The re.. Korea a commission representing the United Nations; lief which will bl~ given to Korea must promote the that Commission had military observers on the scene, rapid and effective rehabilitation of the country's econ.. whg just..prigr to the ev~nts.of 25 June had .com~leted omy in accordance with the national interests of the an 1nvesttga!i0n of the SItuation ~ong th~. thlrty-elg~th Korean people itself, and the re-establishment and par-aUel. It IS a fact that the UnIted !'IatlOns Sommlsstrengthening of the economic and the political indesion on Korea reported to the Secunty Counctl18 that pendence of Korea should be a ptimary consideration. aggression had, in ~act, taken place, and ~t it cam~ 178. The delear.ation of the Ukrainian SSR considers froin the North. It 15 a fact that the Secunty Councd 0- h . f a.Cted on this information which it received from the it to be important and essential t at representatIves 0 27 J the Korean people should take part in preparing plans United Nations Commission on Korea and, on une for economic and technical aid tt) Korea. These funda- 1950, passed a resolution calling upon all Members Qf mental conditions, however, arc i~ored in the draft the United Nations to ((furnish such assistance to the resolutions submitted for our conSIderation. Republic of Korea as may be necessary to repel the armed attack and to restore international peace and 179. The draft resolution excludes the possibility of security in the area".u That is a direct quotation from large-scale participation by representatives of the Kothe resolution of 27 June 1950. It is a fact that during rean people in preparing plans and re-establishing the the present session of the General Assembly the whole national economy of Korea. ' question of Korea has been debated at length in the 180. The resolution gi'!es the Agent General extremely First Comtnittee, and later in plenary meeting. 15 The wide powers in deciding questions relating to economic arguments. ·which have been brought forward today by rehabilitation. Conferring such wide powers on the the tepresentatives of the Soviet Union and Czecho- Agent General may lead to a situation in which thp. Agent slovakia were also advanced in those previous debates General will become an autocratic dictator in matters and were exhaustively considered. They were rejected relating to the economic life of Korea. by an overwhelming majority of the Members of the United Nations.. 181. An analysis of the draft resolution adopted by the'Joint Second and Third Committee at the recom- 173" The resolution passed by the General Assembly mendation of the Economic and Sodal Council leads on i October 1950 [A/14351 stated, that tt• •• an atto the conclusion that, if adopted, th(~ draft resolution tempt t-as been made.by an armed attack from North will promote further interference in the internal affairs Korea to extinguish by force the Government of the of Korea. Republic of Korea'''. 182. The resolution also contains absolutely inadmis- 174.. It therefore does not appear to me either necessible political elements which distort th~ true state of sary or desirable to go over this same ground again. affairs. This applies to the third and founh p::!.ra,graphs It is cleat\ that now we are faced not only with North of the preamble. The delegation of the Ukra1jnian SSR Korean aggression but also with intervention by Chinese considers it to be an established fact that the civil war communist forces. This is not the time to temporize in Korea was started by the Syngman RJ'lee clique with with Soviet Union attempts to change the actual course the direct support of the United States~ and that the of history, to change the record which has been estab- United States, by intervening in the civil war, cornlishedafter long and careful study by the Economic md miL:e~ an act of aggression against the Korean people. Social Council, by the First Committee, and by the 183. It is outrageous and inadmissible to refer i'l a General Assernbly in plenary meeting. plan for relief and rehabilitation to an '(aggression" by 175. In view of these well established, wen recorded the anned forces of North Korea. This is apparently historical facts, our delegation will of course vote against an effort.to conceal the evidence of international crimes the Soviet Ul1ion proposal, which would attempt to rewhich are costing large numbers of human lives. verse all of the finCtings heretofore made by the Assem- U S R· hink . bly and all of its organ·s. We shall sup·port the resolution 184. The delegation· of the krainian S t s ~t 'R • appropriate to remind the General Assembly that the 11 See Official Record.r of fTtt Securifjl Council, Fifth Year, destruction of the domestic economy of Korea. was No. 15, document 5/1496. brough1: about by the barbarous bombardments by ulbid'l No. 16.. 'United States air and naval forces operating under the U See Official RecQY;...d.r. 0of.· th, General AssemblYI Fifth Sts R United Nations Bag and that these destructive bom- .n081 Pllf!lM'Y Meenngsl 292nd to 294th meetings inclusive, and Firlt COfftmittet, 34<ith to 353rd meetinis inclusive.. bardments are still continuing and are causing further 185. For the above reasons the delt:~il.tion of the Ukrainian SSR will abstain from voting on resolutions A and B submitted to the General Assembly in con... nexion with the plan for relief and rehabilitation of Korea; and for the same reasons will fully and wholeheartedly support the amendments submitted by the delegation of the USSR. 186. The PRESIDENT (translated from French) : Before putting the two draft resolutions to the vote, I invite the General Asselll~tv to take a decision with regard to the amendmt.~~te· )?\"esented by the Soviet Union delegation, which are to be found in docum€Qt A/ISi9. 187. The Soviet Union delegatii'm proposes that certain parts of the preamble and I)f section B of draft resolution A should be deleted. 1 must therefore put these at'i1'endments to the vote se,parately. 188. The USSR delegation fir.;t proposes the deletion of the first, third ~md f01.t1th paragraphs of the preamble to the draft "esolutiou Froposed by the Joint Second and Third COfi"lmittee. 189. The Chilean delegation has requested a roll-call vote on this fir§t amendment. A vote was M,j~en by roll-call. Chile, having been drawn by lot by the President, was called upon to vote first. In favour: Czechoslovakia, Poland, Ukr:tinian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republks, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Against: Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic, EI:uador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fran.ce, Greece, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Liberia, Luxeubourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norwa.y, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Swc{}en, Syria, Thaila!ld, Turkey, Union of South Africa, Unit'ed Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Canada. Abstaining: Yugoslavia. The amendment was rejected by 50 votes to 5, with 1 abstention. . 190. The PRESIDENT (translated from French): The second amendment presented by the Soviet Union delegation proposes the deletion of the second part of par.'lgI'aph 10 of section B. 191. I put this amendment to the vote. The amen'ament was rejected by 47 votes to 5. 192. The PRESIDENT (translated from French): I put to the vote resolution A: "Relief and rehabilitation of KCl"~J) (Aj1567). Resolution A was adopted by 51 votes to none, with 5 abstentions. 193. The PRESIDENT (translated from French): I put to the vote draft resolution B: "Relief and re" habilitation of Korea: financial arrangements". Budget estimates rei' ihe financial year 1951: sub.. sistence allowances i{lr members ofconmUs.. sions, committees and ~;dler subsidiary bodies: report of the Fifth C.ollBmittoo" (A/1538) [Agenda it'::m 39 (c)] The President presented a~e 'report pf the Fifth Committee on subsistence allowa'i~ces for members of commissionsJ committees and 'Othet' sltbsiA1iary bodies anrl the accompanying draft resolution (Aj1538). The draft resolution was adopted umani'mously. 195. The PRESIDENT (translated from French):; We cannot deal with our eleventh and twelfth items since the Fourth Committ~e is at present meeting. We, will therefore pass 011 to item 13. Long-range activities for children- UnitedNa.. tions International Chlldl"en's Endowment Fund: report of the Third Committee (AjI455) [Agenda item 64] .. 1 1 The President submitted the report of the Thinl Committee on long-range acti'llities for children and the' I accompany'ing d1"aft resIJlution ;'-4./1455). . I A 196. Thed PRES[AIDj·lE5'~1~ (t.,-ansldatedttfrom French): lj'. n amen ment. 0, J to the n resolution proposed by the Third Committee [A/1455] has been pro.. I posed by AtJistralia, Chile, Denmark, Ecuador and ' Yugoslavia. This amendment proposes. the insertion of I the words "f(lr appropriate terms" in operative. para- 1 graph 6, sub-paragraph (a), after the words "Economic- I and Social Council". Il 197. I put this amendment to the vote. I The amendment was adO'pted by 33 votes to noneJi u~th 5 abstentions. I j 198. Mr. CORREA (Ecuador) (translated from ! Spanish): There is another amendment to the draft I resolution. It is contained in document A/1580 and has. ' been submitted by Bolivia, Canada, Ecuador and the I. Netherlands. It proposes the insertion after paragraph J 6 (a), of a new paragra;~& 6 (b). 1 199. The PRESIDENT (translated from French): i Yes, there is another amendment to the draft resolution submitted by the Third Committee. The President read out the tezt of the amendment' (A/1580) as follows: "6 (b) During the period of the Fund's existence,. as provided in paragraph 6 (d), the Board, in accordance with such principles as may be laid down by the Economic and Social Council and its Social Commission, shall with due regard to the urgency of the needs and available resources, formulate the policies, determine the programmes and allocate the resources of the Fund for the purpose of meeting, through the- Th~ ame,t1;{/ment was adopted by 51 votes to one, with 5 abstem'iolls.

S\lb-paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) will, of course, .be renumbered as a result of the adoption of this amendment. 202. I will now put to a vote the draft resolution [.4/1455] as a whole, as amended. I was about to announce that the draft resolution had been adopted unanimous1y, but I see that there is one abstention. However, in my opinion, an abstention does not signify lack of unanimity. The draft resolution was adopted, unanimously. 203. Mrs. SAMPSON (United States of America): I regret exceedingly that Mrs. Roosevelt is not able to be present to make this explanation. Before the General Assembly passes on to the next item on its agenda, I want to make a brief statement. 204. The Government of the United States and the American people are fully aware of the plight of children in many part~ Gf the world. We are second to none, as shown by the record, in Ollr willingness to help these children. For this reason we hope that UNICEF will be able to Cot~tinue and develop its work on behalf of children,. and that the resolution which has just been passed by such a lar:ge majority will help other countries to mobilize adr.ditional resources for the Fund. It is for this reason th~t we chose to abstain rather than vote against a resolution which, from our point of view, is unsatisfactory. 205. We had hoped that it might be possible at this session of the General Assembly to set up the Fund on a permanent basis. We wanted to make certain that the United Nations would be spear-heading child welfare programmes, particularly in the under··developed countries, not only this year or the n€'Y.:t or the year after that, but that such work for children would become an integral part of the programme of the United Nations. The present resolution does not offer any such assurance. 206. Furthermor~, we had hoped that all countries here represented would have been willing to assume some share of the financial burden involved by including the central administrative expenditures of the Fund in the regular budget of the United Nations. Here again we were disappointed. I still find it difficult to understand the opposition to this modest proposal. 207. This is not the time to emphasize the misunder- •standings which characterized so much of the debate on this issu.e. There are hundreds of millions of children in need, and we cannot forget them. 208. The Executive Branch of our goverr.lment expects to ask the United States Congress for a contribu- Advisory social welfare services. report of the Economic and Social Council. (a) report of the Third Committee (A/1436) I (b) report of the Fifth Committee (A/1537) [Agenda item 31] The President presented the report of the Third Committse a1ld the accompanying draft resolution (A./1436). The r\vsolu,t~'on was adopted unanimously. Chapters V, VI and VII of the report of the Economic and Social Councll I (a) interim report of the Third Committee (A/1440); (b) report of the Fifth Committee (A/1562) [Agenda item 12] The President presented the report of the Third Committee and the accompanying draft resolulion (A./1440). Resolution A. was adopted by 33 votes to 3, with 3 abstentions. Resolution B was adopted by 34 votes to 9, ,with 4 abstentions. 210. Mr. YOUNGER (United Kingdom): I should like to explain why my delegation voted against those two resolutions. We did so not from any lack of interest in the work of the two Sub-Commissions, the contrary is the case, and I think that any member of the Sub- Commiss~ons who may be present here would agree with me that the United Kingdom representatives have played an active and even an enthusiastic part in their discussions. 211. The reason why we have been unable to agree to these two proposals is that.we do not believe that it is in the best interests of the Sub-Commissions themselves to meet in 1951. Both Sub-Commissions, as was pointed out in the Third Committee, have adopted programmes of work which, as a next stage, require the collection of a considerable amount of information from governments and in the case of the Sub-Commission on Freedom of Information and of the Press, also fr:.m professional organizations. 212. The request to governments to submit the in.. formation required by the Sub-Commission on the ~13. There is i~ the opini0!1 of m~:. delegation.no virtue m the mere holdmg of meetmgs. ''vve are tonvmced that it is a fallacy to suppose that the objectives of these two Sub-Commissions are necessP.£'ily furthered· by holding a meeting every year. VIe are convinced that the important point is not that meetings should be held every year, but that th(''y should be held when the Sub-Commissions are in a position to do useful work, and I do not believe that it would be po~s!ble for them profitably to hold a 17.1eeting next year. are not indispensa.ble. When the Council decided to endorse this decision,16 it took into account all the reievant factors. It consid~red the reports of the two Sub-Commissions and the present status of their work programmes. No attempt was made by the Third Committee to consider the~ work programmes of these two Sub-Commissions in any detail and thus to consider whether these programmes required the holding of meetings in 1951, and nothing which was said in the Third Committee persuaded my delegation that the decision of the Economic and Social Council was wrong. We are satisfied that it was right, and that is why we voted as we did against these two resolutions. The meeting rose at 6 p.m.