S/PV.10021 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of Oman, the Syrian Arab Republic and Türkiye to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the following briefers to participate in this meeting: Ms. Najat Rochdi, Deputy Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria; and Mr. Ramesh Rajasingham, Director of the Coordination Division and Head and Representative of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in Geneva. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I now give the floor to Ms. Rochdi. Ms. Rochdi: It is an honour to brief the Security Council from Damascus. This month marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of resolution 1325 (2000) — a milestone that reasserts the central role of women in peacemaking, demands their equal participation and insists on their protection from gender-based violence in conflict. These fundamentals resonate deeply when it comes to the entire future of Syria. Syrian women have the right to participate fully and meaningfully in determining the future of their country. They led and sacrificed for survival, justice and equality throughout more than a decade of conflict. President Al-Sharaa himself recognized this in January, when he said that Syria had been “liberated by virtue of the martyrs, the male and female detainees, the tortured men and women, the missing men and women and all their bereaved mothers and grieving families because of their sacrifices and the sacrifices of all of you.” In December 2024, Syrian women joined the celebrations of a new era, with expectations of relief from hardship and demands for a durable journey to the rule of law and true equality — a political future that Syrian women would help to shape and lead, with real decision-making power. Many rejoiced when they heard President Al-Sharaa say in January that he would work to form a comprehensive transitional Government that expressed the diversity of Syria with its men, women and youth and would undertake the work of building Syria’s new institutions until a stage of free and fair elections was reached. In the 10 months since, we have continued to engage Syrian women from all walks of life, regions and persuasions. They obviously do not comprise one entity, and their views are diverse. But an overwhelming sentiment for many Syrian women is that the processes and the initial outcomes of the transition have not greatly changed their expectations and the commitments made. This month, six women were elected to the People’s Assembly out of the 119 seats contested, reflecting a voting process in which women were consistently underrepresented from the outset — an outcome that could have been avoided — and in which women were 2 out of 11 members of the Supreme Committee for Elections to the People’s Assembly, 10 per cent of the 180 election administrators, 13 per cent of the 1,400 candidates and 18 per cent of the 6,000 electors. The Supreme Committee for Elections itself noted that the share of women was inconsistent with the societal and political role that Syrian women have long played. And while more women are likely to be represented in the People’s Assembly as presidential appointees, I look forward to a collective and renewed focus by all to ensure that their demands and expectations are met, as the transition moves forward. We call for the inclusion of clear measures and strategies to prevent exclusion from leadership roles, together with a stronger legal and political stance against discrimination and State action to ensure protection from harassment, threats and violence. There is no substitute for Syrian women advocating on their own behalf and on behalf of one another. The indirect elections for the transitional People’s Assembly were held on 5 October. The elections proceeded in a manner that was largely peaceful and appeared orderly, though there were incidents of election-related violence in the preceding days, including the killing in Tartus of a candidate. And the establishment of a transitional legislature will be important for addressing urgent legal and institutional priorities during the transitional period, including the framework for political and civic participation. While there was no request for electoral assistance and the United Nations was not involved in the electoral process, over many months we provided counsel stressing the importance of transparency and an inclusive electoral process that could ensure the representation of all communities, recalling the messages from the interim authorities to us that this process would be the opportunity to bridge the gaps in earlier transition steps. I have already noted that 6 of the 119 seats were won by women and that women were underrepresented throughout the process. Moreover, with one Christian, three Ismailis, three Alawites, four Kurds and no Druze among the 119 elected thus far, the High Electoral Commission has publicly acknowledged the need to improve representation of communities. Some of our Syrian interlocutors have also criticized this and other aspects of what they see as underrepresentation. We await President Al-Sharaa’s appointment of a remaining one third of the 210 seats. We also understand that the voting for a further three seats will take place in districts in Hasakah and Raqqah governorates this week but that 18 seats from other districts in north-east Syria and Suwayda’ will remain vacant. In meetings with Syrian interlocutors, there was broad acceptance that temporary electoral arrangements were needed while operational challenges with civil registration and documentation preclude direct elections from taking place. However, we heard fairly sustained criticisms from some Syrians, describing a rushed process with opaque decision-making, last-minute changes to legal procedures and low public engagement. Elections are core to this transition and require significant advance planning and engagement with all sectors of society. It is therefore important that the Syrian authorities and civil society start soon to build on the lessons learned to define an inclusive pathway for holding future elections. The United Nations stands ready to support that work. The economic aspects of the political transition are as crucial as the political aspects. Indeed, for millions, they are the first concern. The staggering repercussions of 14 years of conflict and more than half a century of dictatorship impose heavy consequences and constraints. In order for this transition to succeed, monumental levels of tangible support will be needed from the international community. And let me be very clear: sanctions must be lifted at a larger and quicker scale to give this transition a chance to succeed. Export controls relief is needed too, including with Governments reassuring banks and companies that business with Syria is legal and worth the risk. We welcome the United States Government’s appeal for the repeal In addition, clear next steps are needed along the path of accountability, transitional justice and progress on the missing. The interim authorities have appointed national commissions to work on these issues, and the United Nations remains poised to assist as required. Furthermore, we reiterate our calls for the publication of the conclusions of, and follow-up actions on, the national committee for investigation and fact- finding into the coastal events in March — a necessary step for all in Syria to feel that impunity and the prevention of recurrence are being addressed. This month brought renewed turbulence in the north-east, with fierce clashes erupting between interim authority forces and those affiliated with the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in Aleppo city. These events highlight the persistent fragility of Syria’s security environment and transition. But thankfully, they also demonstrate the ongoing willingness by all Syrian sides to de-escalate and turn to dialogue. We welcome the fact that, just one day after the violence, President Al-Sharaa and senior ministers met with the SDF leadership in Damascus, agreeing to a comprehensive ceasefire. We further welcome the technical talks held the following week between the Ministries of the Interior and Defence and SDF representatives addressing key military integration elements of the 10 March agreement. We hope that all parties advance in a spirit of compromise  — both militarily and politically  — to fully implement the 10 March agreement. The situation in Suwayda’ remains fragile, with sporadic clashes on the margins. We continue to welcome the joint efforts of the United States, Jordan and the Syrian interim authorities to address the crisis in Suwayda’, including through operationalizing the 16 September road map. We encourage all parties to take tangible steps forward, particularly initial confidence-building measures. The recent visits by the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic to Suwayda’ are a welcome development. It is essential that any proposed solution upholds Syria’s sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity and addresses the very real anxieties felt by the Druze regarding their safety and human rights and their inclusion in Syria’s political future. The concerns of the Bedouin communities also need to be addressed. And we appeal to all external and Syrian parties to avoid statements or actions that could be seen to be threatening Syrian sovereignty and civilian protection. It is unacceptable that external interference in Syria continues. Ongoing Israeli territorial incursions into southern Syria must stop. We call for full respect for Syria’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. We call on the parties to fully respect the terms of the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement and to refrain from actions that may jeopardize the ceasefire. Continued dialogue between Syria and Israel is encouraging, and we hope it leads to meaningful results. Strong international and regional engagement is essential. We are still in the early stages of a five-year transition process. During the high-level week of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General met President Al-Sharaa and took note of the key steps taken on the path of a political transition. He emphasized the importance of advancing this process through inclusive dialogue and broad-based participation. He also emphasized the importance of promoting Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Secretary-General and President Al-Sharaa discussed ways to further strengthen the partnership between the United Nations and Syria.

I thank Ms. Rochdi for her briefing. I now give the floor to Mr. Rajasingham. Mr. Rajasingham: As Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi has described, Syria continues to navigate a challenging but crucial opportunity to build a better future. These efforts come amid what remains one of the world’s largest humanitarian crises, affecting more than 70 per cent of the population. Syria’s humanitarian crisis is long-standing, but it is not static. Developments on the ground continue to add to or exacerbate people’s needs. Clashes in parts of Aleppo earlier this month caused civilian casualties and temporarily displaced some families. While the ceasefire in Suwayda’ has largely held, the fragile and unpredictable security environment continues to affect the movement of people and goods. This has led to shortages and high prices for critical items such as fuel and bread; hampered the restoration of critical services, including healthcare and water; and prevented displaced people from returning to their homes. Explosive ordnance continues to take a deadly toll. Last week alone, 16 incidents were recorded across the country, killing three people and injuring 19 others, including six children. Since December, more than 550 people have been killed in such incidents, and more than 800 more injured, nearly a third of them children. Amid historic drought conditions, wildfires in Ladhiqiyah, Tartus and Homs governorates affected more than 5,000 people during the past month, displacing dozens of families, damaging valuable agricultural land and disrupting essential services. All this comes on top of the long-standing needs in the country. Some 7 million people remain internally displaced, including 1.3 million who are living in camps or similar sites and who are particularly vulnerable to the onset of winter. An estimated 2.4 million children remain out of school, with 1 million more at risk of dropping out. One in three schools are unusable because they have been damaged or are sheltering displaced people. The United Nations and our partners continue to do what we can to provide assistance as efficiently as possible with the available resources and in line with the broader humanitarian reset. Despite reduced funding, we are reaching 3.4 million people on average each month across Syria — 25 per cent more than the same period last year — capitalizing on better access. In Suwayda’ governorate and neighbouring areas, dozens of humanitarian convoys, organized with the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, have been organized, allowing us to deliver blankets, mattresses, medical and health supplies, education materials, food and fuel to an average of 424,000 people per month since July. The World Food Programme (WFP) has delivered hundreds of tons of wheat flour to bakeries in Suwayda’, Dar‘a and Rif Dimashq, in addition to its ongoing programme supporting subsidized bread for 2 million people each month across the country. In response to the recent wildfires, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) led inter-agency assessments to affected areas, helping to mobilize food, water, fuel, health services and household items, alongside assistance provided by the Syrian Arab Red Crescent and the efforts led by the Ministry of Emergencies and Disaster Management to contain the fires. And UNICEF is working with the Ministry of Education to support a back-to-learning campaign to reach displaced and other at-risk children, rebuild schools and expand access in remote areas. I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Member States supporting these funds, including the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Canada and the United Kingdom, the biggest contributors to these Funds this year, as well as others around the table today. We also continue to make full use of deliveries from Türkiye, with the consent of Syrian authorities. This year, more than 300 trucks per month have used this route to get assistance to locations across the country. We also continue to work with the authorities and other partners to better tailor our assistance to the current needs. The WFP recently launched the annual food security assessment in collaboration with Syria’s Planning and Statistics Commission. We can do more to help the people of Syria if these three conditions are met. First, there must be a de-escalation of ongoing flashpoints and a prevention of new ones. As I mentioned, outbreaks of violence continue to result in loss of lives, new displacement and increased humanitarian needs. Insecurity also makes our work harder. Clashes in Aleppo and Dayr al-Zawr disrupted several roads, including the main highway between Aleppo and Raqqah. In Suwayda’, the fragile security environment continues to complicate movements and limit commercial supply chains, preventing the restoration of services. Preventing violence is also critical for recovery efforts to take hold. Without it, overreliance on emergency assistance will remain unavoidable, but it is not the solution the people of Syria need or want. Secondly, we need more funding for critical humanitarian aid. Our response plan for Syria remains only 19 per cent funded, one of the lowest levels among our biggest appeals. This month, water trucking services for internally displaced persons in parts of Raqqah were suspended, and trucking in Hasakah will be curtailed next month without more resources. The World Food Programme warns that without additional funding it will have to scale back its assistance by January. More than 340 health facilities have suspended services, reducing access to healthcare and medicine for more than 7 million people. Funding cuts have closed at least 45 service points for survivors of gender-based violence this year. This comes as a new report from United Nations Population Fund highlights that, despite a surge in hope around the transition in Syria, many women and girls continue to report widespread insecurity and gender-based violence. Thirdly, we need tangible investments in development and reconstruction projects. The reduction in conflict, steps to ease or remove sanctions and substantial interest in private investment, particularly from the region, have created real opportunities. But we need to take concrete steps to mobilize resources, and to do so quickly. More than 1 million refugees have now returned to Syria since December, a profoundly hopeful milestone. But many of them, along with 1.9 million internally displaced persons who have also returned, need more investment in basic services, shelter and reconstruction to ensure these returns are sustainable. Last month in New York, Syria was a focus of a number of engagements around the General Assembly high-level week. OCHA and other United Nations humanitarian partners had a valuable discussion with Foreign Minister Al-Shaibani Syria has a viable path forward towards Syrian-led recovery, supported by development partners, and away from reliance on a massive emergency humanitarian operation. We should push ourselves to move quickly along this path. But we should also be under no illusion that getting there will require decisive and sustained action from the international community, including maintaining the flow of critical humanitarian aid as these efforts advance.

I thank Mr. Rajasingham for his briefing. I shall now give the floor to those members of the Council who wish to make statements.

I thank Deputy Special Envoy Najat Rochdi and Mr. Ramesh Rajasingham for their briefings. I would certainly like to thank Geir Pedersen for his nine years, now, of service as the United Nations Special Envoy for Syria. When Secretary Rubio met with President Al-Sharaa on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly’s high-level week, just last month, he reiterated something that President Trump has said for months. Syria has before it a historic opportunity to build a stable, sovereign and vibrant nation. We continue to call on the Syrian Government to seize this opportunity, made possible by President Trump’s historic announcement on sanctions relief for the Syrian people. Further relief from sanctions is critical for the well-being of the Syrian people to give Syria a chance. In that vein, we call on the Council to support efforts to ease United Nations sanctions on Syria, including the removal of sanctions on certain members of Syria’s leadership, who are subject to sanctions under the sanctions regime pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999). We thank Member States for their constructive engagement on this effort, which is certainly ongoing. There are many challenges ahead for the Syrian Government as it seeks to move on from five decades of the Al-Assad regime’s oppression. The challenges, as mentioned by the Deputy Envoy, certainly include delivering on its promises of security, stability and prosperity for all Syrians. The Government should strengthen Syria’s national unity through the peaceful integration of all its constituents, including religious and ethnic minorities. The Government must show no tolerance for abuses, and all Syrians should have a meaningful stake in the country’s governance. There can be no progress without this assurance. The United States continues to work with the Syrian Government and Jordanian partners on a road map to reconciliation after July’s horrific violence in Suwayda. We expect all parties to approach the road map as an opportunity to work towards reconciliation and accountability, in order to build a future together as a nation of equal rights and shared obligations. We commend the Syrian Government for its cooperation with the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), as Syria and the OPCW work together to overcome challenges to accelerate the process of eliminating any remnants of Al-Assad’s chemical weapons programme. Syria’s progress will also depend on the support of foreign partners and, for that reason, we welcome Syria’s efforts to strengthen ties with its neighbours. We will continue to help Syria to rebuild those ties as a key element of regional peace and security. In that regard, we note Foreign Minister Al-Shaibani’s positive meetings recently in Lebanon. Finally, we note that the United States will continue working with Syria to prevent the resurgence of Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant. It is critical that Member States with nationals detained or displaced in north-east Syria relocate them as soon as possible and that they support solutions for the remaining populations.

I thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Director Rajasingham for their comprehensive briefings. I also welcome the participation of the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic in today’s meeting, as well as the representatives of Oman and Türkiye. Since our last meeting on Syria (see S/PV.9983), we opened a new General Assembly session and heard from leaders from around the world throughout the high- level week. One of those leaders was Syria’s President Al-Sharaa, who stated that Syria continues “to write a new chapter, titled: peace, prosperity and development”. Denmark welcomes this commitment and stands ready to support Syria in writing this new chapter, both bilaterally and multilaterally. With these positive messages in mind, allow me to make three points. First, we take note of the first round of indirect elections to the People’s Assembly, conducted on 5 October, in which the first 119 members were elected. For the remaining seats, we hope to witness a truly inclusive nomination process to ensure a People’s Assembly that reflects the aspirations of all segments of Syrian society. As Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi so forcefully articulated, we believe that women have a key role to play in Syria’s transition, and we encourage the transitional Government to ensure women’s full and meaningful participation in the political transition. We also urge the transitional Government to continue its engagement with civil society, safeguarding civic space and emphasizing inclusive national dialogue. Transitional justice and accountability are also crucial for sustainable political progress, and we welcome President Al-Sharaa’s commitment to hold to account those responsible for violence and serious crimes against the Syrian people. We encourage the transitional Syrian Government to share information on progress regarding accountability and to keep the Syrian people and the international community informed about progress and needs for assistance. Secondly, the security situation in Syria remains fragile. The threat of attacks from Da’esh and other terrorist groups persists and must not be underestimated. We welcome Syria’s intention to continue counter-terrorism efforts and see credible deterrence going hand in hand with comprehensive and robust security sector reform. Denmark reaffirms its strong commitment to Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. Israel’s continued air strikes inside Syria only create a more dangerous security landscape. We urge Israel to cease such attacks, which are deeply concerning, and to withdraw its troops from Syria. We hope that the ongoing Thirdly, turning to the humanitarian situation, as we heard from the Director of OCHA, the needs on the ground remain immense. After a decade of conflict, Syrians continue to grapple with a volatile security environment, millions of internally displaced persons and poor food security, as well as deeply degraded public infrastructure and a lack of access to basic public services. Though a ceasefire remains in effect, ongoing violence in Suwayda has left nearly 200,000 internally displaced persons across the region. Here, as in the rest of the country, long-term multisectoral humanitarian support across livelihoods, nutrition, health and water and sanitation remains critically important, especially as we enter the winter months. Stabilizing and improving living conditions throughout the country would also help to accelerate economic development and the rebuilding of the country. In closing, Denmark stands with Syria in this new chapter of its history, and we look forward to engaging actively on the strategic assessment of the United Nations future engagement with Syria.

I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the three African members of the Security Council, namely, Sierra Leone, Somalia and my own country, Algeria, as well as Guyana (A3+). At the outset, the A3+ extends its sincere appreciation to Deputy Special Envoy Najat Rochdi and Director Ramesh Rajasingham for their briefings. The stability of Syria is not only essential for the Syrian people, it is also a prerequisite for the stability of the entire Middle East. The A3+ reiterates its unwavering support for the unity, sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of Syria and calls on all actors to fully respect these principles, to uphold their responsibilities and to put the interests of Syria and its people above everything else. In that regard, the A3+ would like to emphasize the following points. First, we are encouraged by the recent discussions between the Syrian authorities and the Syrian Democratic Forces aimed at implementing the March agreement. The A3+ welcomes these preliminary agreements and urges all parties to swiftly reach a compromise on the remaining issues. While these are encouraging developments towards national reconciliation and stabilization, the situation remains fragile. It is vital that all parties work to consolidate these gains through genuine dialogue, mutual trust and compromise in order to prevent a return to conflict. Secondly, we firmly believe that inclusivity is the cornerstone of any Syrian- owned and Syrian-led political process. We welcome the parliamentary elections held on 5 October, and we stress that the People’s Assembly should reflect the diversity of the Syrian people. After 14 years of war in Syria, this election stands as a symbol of hope for a people who have long yearned for institutions that reflects their collective will. Syria belongs to all Syrians, and it must be rebuilt by all Syrians. Thirdly, the international community and the United Nations, in particular, must play a positive and supportive role as Syria navigates this sensitive but promising phase of the transition process. The A3+ believes that the time has come for the international community to match Syria’s national efforts with genuine political and economic support. Fourthly, we strongly condemn Israel’s ongoing military operations in Syria, which represent a clear violation of international law. We call for the full implementation of the 1974 Disengagement Agreement, and we reaffirm that the occupied Syrian Golan is an integral part of Syria, as stated in resolution 497 (1981). We demand an immediate end to the Israeli aggression and a full withdrawal from Fifthly, we condemn any action that further destabilizes Syria, fuels violence or provides fertile ground for extremist ideologies. The threat of terrorism, particularly from Da’esh, remains a cause for grave concern. The A3+ therefore calls for a decisive, coordinated response to eliminate this menace once and for all. Sixthly, we believe that there can be no peace without development and no development without peace. Political and security progress must go hand in hand with tangible economic recovery. Ten months into the year, the humanitarian response plan for Syria is only 19 per cent funded. This is simply unacceptable. We urge all donors to honour their pledges. We continue to emphasize that Syria cannot rely indefinitely on humanitarian aid. The country has the resources, the talent and the resilience to stand on its own two feet. What it needs — and what it deserves — is genuine international support to rebuild a peaceful and prosperous nation. In conclusion, the A3+ remains convinced that Syria’s future can be one of unity, stability and hope. With inclusive dialogue, respect for sovereignty and meaningful international solidarity, Syria can once again become a pillar of peace and progress in the Middle East. Let us stand with the Syrian people, not only in words, but in action, as they strive to rebuild their homeland and reclaim their future.

At the outset, I wish to thank Ms. Najat Rochdi, Deputy Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria and Mr. Ramesh Rajasingham, Head of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, for their informative and illuminating briefings. The President of Syria stated the principles of the transition here — stability, peace and development. How can the Council contribute to this, for peace in the region and for the Syrian people? The Syrian political transition is encouraging. The appointment of the first members of Parliament on 5 October marked the beginning of a transparent process making it possible to build a Syria that is united in its diversity — a diversity that is complex to manage but has always been one of the country’s greatest assets. The United Nations must support this process. However, there are many challenges: establishing a role for women, overcoming the old reflexes of resorting to revenge and violence, averting communal clashes, defeating Da’esh and Al-Qaida. France welcomes the conclusion of a comprehensive ceasefire in early October between the Damascus authorities and the Syrian Democratic Forces. While tensions persist, we call for the implementation of the 10 March agreement. The same spirit of reconciliation and inclusion is needed, mutatis mutandis, with all the communities that make up the Syrian population. Transitional justice and zero tolerance for terrorism will contribute to this. Beyond that, three priorities should be the focus of our Council’s attention. The first is fostering Syria’s integration in its regional environment. France calls for a sovereign Syria living in peace with its neighbours. The rapprochement between Syria and Lebanon marks a new chapter in their bilateral relationship, based on mutual respect. France stands ready to support cross-border cooperation. For its part, Israel must seize the historic opportunity represented by a Syria wishing to make peace with its neighbours by immediately ending its military activities on Syrian territory and by withdrawing from the occupied zone. The second is providing large-scale humanitarian aid and support to the country’s economy commensurate with the needs of the Syrian people. It is our responsibility The third is adapting the United Nations presence in Syria. Integrated management of political and humanitarian missions in Syria, which are currently fragmented, will better respond to the challenges on the ground. Coordination must be strengthened, particularly in the fight against impunity, in close cooperation with human rights mechanisms. The United Nations has added value in supporting the Syrian authorities in the transition in whatever format they deem most appropriate. France stands ready to contribute to the discussion. In conclusion, history is hesitant in Syria, but hope is reborn. The Syrian people and Government want to create a reconciled and peaceful country. Let us shoulder our responsibility in helping to ward off threats and honour the promises made.

I thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Rajasingham for their briefings today. I welcome the participation of the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic in our meeting, as well as the representatives of Oman and Türkiye. I will make four points today. First, this month’s indirect parliamentary elections across Syria marked an important milestone. We welcome efforts by the Syrian Government to maintain momentum in Syria’s political transition. Ahead of the People’s Assembly next month, we strongly encourage the Government to ensure that the remaining direct appointments reflect the broadest possible representation within the legislature and to set out clear timelines for postponed elections in Raqqah, Hasakah and Suwayda’. Political pluralism is essential to establishing a more stable and peaceful Syria. Secondly, we were deeply concerned about the recent escalation of violence in the Kurdish-majority neighbourhoods in Aleppo. Military confrontation is in no one’s interest. We welcome the ceasefire agreement reached by the Syrian Democratic Forces and the Syrian Government, and we encourage both sides to continue negotiations to urgently reach a sustainable political settlement. We call on all parties in north-east Syria to allow unimpeded humanitarian access. Thirdly, as we mark World Food Day this month, we emphasize the need to restore sustainable food systems in Syria. All Syrians deserve access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food. To this end, the United Kingdom continues to support food security, livelihoods and agriculture across Syria and through the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other United Nations partners. This is just one way in which the United Nations is helping to build a more resilient Syria. We look forward to discussing with the United Nations and as a Council the Secretary-General’s recommendations on how the United Nations can support Syria’s transition more broadly. Finally, I want to end by reaffirming the United Kingdom’s commitment to supporting Syria at this pivotal moment in its political transition. In line with this commitment, the United Kingdom took the decision this week to remove Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham from our domestic list of proscribed organizations. This decision will enhance our ability to work with and support the Syrian Government. We should

Allow me to begin by thanking the Deputy Special Envoy, Najat Rochdi, and the Director of the Coordination Division and Head and Representative of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Ramesh Rajasingham, for their briefings. We also extend a warm welcome to the representatives of the Syrian Arab Republic, Oman and Türkiye, who honour us with their participation. Panama would like to express its appreciation to all humanitarian agencies and actors, which, despite the challenges, continue to work tirelessly on the ground to alleviate the suffering of the Syrian people. We reiterate our call on the international community to honour its financial commitments, and we underscore the need to ensure that humanitarian assistance flows safely and in an unhindered manner. We support proposal to unfreeze assets in order to contribute to the country’s economic recovery capacity and the initiative and efforts led by the United States aimed at lifting sanctions on some members of the interim Government of Syria. The recent parliamentary electoral tournament is a clear reflection of the manifest will of the interim authorities to move towards mechanisms of greater citizen representation. Panama reiterates the importance for this political process to be representative and transparent and to avoid the systematic exclusion of historically marginalized voices in order to build a new legal framework that reflects the diversity of the Syrian social fabric. We recognize that this moment offers an invaluable opportunity to ensure the full and effective participation of women and to place them at the centre of peace and reconstruction processes, in line with the principles of resolution 1325 (2000), which this year reaches its twenty-fifth anniversary. We look forward with hope to the opportunity that now presents itself for the interim President to demonstrate unequivocally the will to include women and these minority communities in the appointment of the remaining parliamentarians. Likewise, we regard the implementation of the 10 March agreement and the pursuit of the Suwayda’ road map as crucial to fostering the trust necessary to moving national reconciliation forward. Syria is also facing the worst drought in almost four decades, with grave consequences such as the potential loss of 75 per cent of its wheat crop, jeopardizing food security for more than 16 million people. Meanwhile, access to potable water continues to be severely limited for millions of people, particularly in the north-east of the country, where funding shortfalls are further compounding the situation. This complex political, social, economic and climate situation demands comprehensive, sustained and coordinated responses that involve the Syrians and the international community, are fully aligned with resolution 2254 (2015) and wholly respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country. In that vein, Panama will continue to advocate for a holistic approach in the quest for lasting solutions, in the belief that peace is possible only when citizens enjoy decent living conditions. The Syrian people have displayed a tremendous spirit of resilience throughout countless years of strife. Its peoples have, at every step of the way, borne the name of their ancient nation with dignity and pride. Accordingly, Panama renews its appeal to all stakeholders to put the welfare of the Syrian people first and to foster conditions that afford generations to come a peaceful future in their own land.

Let me thank Deputy Special Envoy Najat Rochdi and Director Ramesh Rajasingham of the Office of the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs for their insightful briefings. I would also like to welcome the presence of the Permanent Representatives of the Syrian Arab Republic, Oman and Türkiye. I wish to highlight three points today. In this context, we regret the low rate of representation of women and ethnic and religious communities in the recent parliamentary elections. We also deplore the postponement of the vote in Druze-dominated Suwayda’ and Kurdish-controlled governorates. It is beyond doubt that the path towards nationwide reconciliation presupposes that all voices will be heard and taken into account. Muslims, Alawites, Christians, Druze and Kurds must be fairly represented. As my Prime Minister underlined at the General Assembly, the future of the country must be built on the full political representation of all religious and ethnic communities. We expect the Syrian authorities to take bolder steps in that direction and to ensure that all citizens will be able to live without fear. Hence, we expect the remaining one third of parliamentary seats to be used to compensate for that underrepresentation of components of society. Secondly, breaking the shackles of violence is a prerequisite for restoring stability across the country. Extremist elements are still present in Syria, as we unfortunately witnessed during the terrorist attacks against Greek Catholic and Orthodox churches in the summer and the horrific violence in Suwayda’ and the coastal region. Similarly, echoing the remarks of Ms. Rochdi, we remain deeply concerned about the systematic attacks and kidnappings targeting women. Civilians must be protected at all times. Those responsible for criminal acts must be brought to justice. The road map agreed by Syria, Jordan and the United States for restoring stability in Suwayda’ and the report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, entitled “Violations against civilians in the coastal and western-central regions of the Syrian Arab Republic” and published earlier this year, must be followed up. We urge the Syrian authorities to do so. Furthermore, we welcome, with hope, the recent ceasefire between Syrian forces and the Syrian Democratic Forces. The full implementation of the March agreement will help piece the country together after years of fragmentation, while ensuring safety and inclusivity for everyone. At the same time, the situation in the north-east of the country should not be used as a pretext for foreign interference. Putting an end to violence is a prerequisite for Syria’s reconstruction and the safe and voluntary return of refugees. Thirdly, bold economic reforms will be needed as the country navigates through severe financial constraints and immense humanitarian needs. With 16.5 million people in urgent need of support, the international community should scale up its efforts and participate in rebuilding Syria. The European Union (EU) has already stepped in by lifting sanctions on a gradual and reversible basis, while also introducing new listings under the EU global human rights sanctions regime, targeting those responsible for serious human rights abuses. On a bilateral basis, Greece has already expressed its readiness to stand by the Syrians and actively contribute to the reconstruction of the country. We are looking into further financial support to cover humanitarian needs and capacity-building. This commitment was also repeated by the Greek Prime Minister during his recent meeting with President Al-Sharaa. While positive developments have recently unfolded in Gaza, it is high time to place peace at the epicentre of the wider region. It is time for Syria to turn the page and commit to serious and honest engagement with its neighbours and international partners. This was also underlined during the trilateral meeting between Greece, In conclusion, Greece fully supports the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Syria, as a strong and prosperous country, worthy of the proud Syrian people, where the rule of international law is respected and the rights of all people are protected without exception.

We want to thank our briefers, Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Rajasingham of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. We welcome the representatives of Syria, Oman and Türkiye to the Chamber. Like my Danish and Greek colleagues, I also want to remind us of a historic moment, when, just one month ago, the Syrian President travelled to New York, alongside a Syrian delegation, to deliver his address and convey his vision for Syria to the General Assembly — a first in decades. President Al-Sharaa described today’s Syria as “reclaiming its rightful place among the nations of the world”. As we approach the one-year anniversary of the fall of the Al-Assad regime, our hope is that this moment represents a new chapter — a new chapter in the nation’s long and rich history, a new chapter of peace and dignity for all Syrians. We welcome the commitments made by President Al-Sharaa at the General Assembly, particularly regarding justice, accountability and the protection of all Syrians and ongoing national efforts regarding these critical issues. Slovenia also hopes that this marks a new era for Syrian diplomacy and enhanced engagement between Syria and the United Nations. We believe that the United Nations and the broader international community can play an important role in supporting Syria in this transitional phase, particularly when it comes to development, reconstruction and building Syria’s State institutions. We look forward to renewed engagement on how the United Nations and the Security Council can best fulfil this role. Slovenia remains committed to the principles of resolution 2254 (2015) and to an inclusive, Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political transition. An inclusive process is the best way to ensure sustainable peace and true reconciliation. The People’s Assembly vote conducted earlier this month marks an important step in the democratic process. We regret that so few seats were filled by women and minorities, demonstrating that there remains considerable work to do. We call for the remaining vacant seats to be filled in a manner that is truly representative of all of Syria’s diversity, and for the voting by the remaining constituencies to take place as soon as possible. In a similar spirit, I reiterate my delegation’s support for advancing the national dialogue process. We see this as being essential to ensuring that all elements of Syrian society are part of the transition and to building trust between all Syrians and the Syrian authorities. The security landscape clearly remains volatile, and we remain deeply concerned about incidents of sectarian violence and sporadic armed clashes. It is the duty of the Syrian authorities to ensure that all Syrians are protected and to move towards the disarmament, demobilization and integration of all armed groups into the national security forces, as part of a wider effort on security sector reform. The March agreement between the authorities and the Syrian Democratic Forces was a step in the right direction, and we encourage further dialogue. We also welcome the Suwayda’ road map jointly announced by Syria, Jordan and the United States last month and call for its full implementation. We underscore the basic principle that Syria’s unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity must be respected by all, and we call on Israel to fully respect the 1974 Disengagement Agreement. Peace and security are also fundamental preconditions, both for emergency humanitarian relief and for a sustainable recovery that could finally address long-term issues, such as Finally, I wish to conclude by expressing Slovenia’s appreciation for the years of dedicated service by former Special Envoy Geir Pedersen. We look forward to the swift appointment of his successor, as Syria’s new chapter continues to unfold.

I thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Rajasingham for their briefings, and I welcome the presence of the representatives of Syria, Oman and Türkiye at today’s meeting. For more than 10 years, Syria has endured immense hardship, with its political process marked by constant fluctuations and its people mired in conflicts and suffering. The Syrian people are calling resolutely for the restoration of peace and stability at an early date. That should also become the common goal of the international community. Under the new circumstances, all parties should respect Syria’s sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity, while upholding the principle of Syrian leadership and ownership. Greater support and assistance should be given to Syria. Syria should seize this opportunity to implement effective national governance and respond to the international community’s concerns with concrete actions. The key to solving the Syrian issue lies in advancing an inclusive political process. We note that Syria is moving forward with elections to the interim People’s Assembly, which is a crucial step in the political transition. China supports the Syrian transitional Government in acting in the fundamental interests of the Syrian people, closely uniting all ethnic groups and factions, bridging differences through dialogue and engagement and consolidating consensus through consultation and communication. Once the Special Envoy is able to operate within Syria the United Nations will be better able play its role. China looks forward to the appointment by the Secretary-General of a new Special Envoy and stands ready to engage in in-depth discussions with Council members on the United Nations presence in Syria so as to make appropriate arrangements in this regard. The prolonged turmoil in Syria has provided space for the proliferation of terrorism. Following the changes in Syria’s situation, foreign terrorist fighters have exploited the chaos to gain strength, which not only poses a direct threat to Syria’s own security, but also severely undermines regional peace and stability. That threat must be eradicated completely. The Syrian transitional Government has repeatedly stated that Syria will not pose a threat to any country. We urge the Syrian transitional Government to translate this commitment into concrete actions, earnestly fulfil its counter-terrorism obligations and take resolute and strong measures to combat all terrorist organizations listed by the Council, including the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement, and earn the trust of the international community through tangible actions. In adjusting its sanctions related to Syria, the Council should fully consider Syria’s counter-terrorism and security situation and the complex implications that such judgments may entail. It should comprehensively consider Syria’s long-term interests and present needs, properly address the legitimate concerns of all parties involved and make decisions prudently based on thorough deliberations. The humanitarian crisis is an urgent challenge for Syria. According to United Nations agencies, at present, 16.5 million people in Syria need humanitarian assistance. Aid reductions by developed donor countries have increased the gap between humanitarian needs and available resources. The United Nations should further strengthen its coordination role to mobilize all parties to increase and speed up the delivery of humanitarian assistance to Syria. Support should be given to Syria for it to advance its economic and trade cooperation, enhance its internal Syria is an important country in the Middle East, and developments in its situation have a bearing on regional peace and stability. All parties should continue to provide constructive support and assistance and refrain from exploiting the situation for self-interest. We call on Israel to stop its military operations against Syria and to withdraw immediately from Syrian territory. China stands ready to continue working with the international community to help Syria achieve security, stability and development at an early date and to embark on a development path that fits its own national conditions.

I thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Rajasingham of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs for their informative briefings. The ceasefire agreement between the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and Damascus on 7 October arranged by the United States, has provided us a respite from the worrisome developments on the ground, while President Al-Sharaa’s declaration in the general debate of the victory of the Syrian people reminded us where our discussion in this Chamber should lead. Let me highlight the following three points. First, we call on all relevant parties to eschew violence and solve security issues in a constructive manner through political talks. The ceasefire agreement was particularly welcome as the bilateral talks between the two parties have been cancelled repeatedly since July, obscuring the prospect of the implementation of 10 March agreement. We hope that this positive development will lead to a consensus between the Government and the SDF on how to execute the agreement and ensure its full implementation. Likewise, we look forward to fruitful outcomes from security talks among Israel, the United States and Syria, which should ensure enhanced respect for Syria’s territorial integrity. We take this opportunity to reiterate our call for Tel Aviv to immediately cease any further intrusion into the territorial sovereignty of Syria and to recommit to 1974 Disengagement Agreement. Secondly, we call upon the Syrian Government to ensure meaningful representation of all Syrians in its inclusive transition process. The result of the recent election for the People’s Assembly has given us a glimpse of hope for the representation of all components of Syrian society. Yet, it also left Damascus with room for improvement to reflect a full representation of all Syrians in terms of gender, sect and ethnicity. In this context, we believe the appointment of the 70 remaining seats by President Al-Sharaa should result in the genuine representation of all Syrians in the Assembly. And these appointments should not be done as a mere box-ticking exercise but be based on the merits of the members and the formulation that could garner the most support from all components of its society. Thirdly, we need to ensure that the implementation of United Nations sanctions does not inadvertently impede the delivery of essential humanitarian and economic assistance to a still fragile Syria. Indeed, the war-torn country’s humanitarian and economic needs remain extremely high, exacerbated by sporadic armed clashes and natural disasters. The ongoing United Nations sanctions against individuals and entities allegedly in the Syrian Government also hamper the recovery of Damascus, as their application often leads to a delay in delivering vital humanitarian and economic assistance. In this regard, we call for a balanced approach in the discussion related to United Nations sanctions between the need to offer relief to the affected country and the need to ensure the coherence and practice of the sanctions regime under resolution We stand ready to constructively engage in such discussions with a view to support delivering a prosperous future for the country.

We thank the Deputy Special Envoy of the Secretary- General for Syria, Ms. Najat Rochdi, and the Director of the Coordination Division of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in Geneva, Mr. Ramesh Rajasingham, for their briefings. We welcome the presence of the representatives of Syria, Türkiye and Oman. The Syrian people have endured more than a decade of conflict and division. During the country’s ongoing period of transition, it is vital that the international community stand with Syria in embracing reform, promoting stability and fostering inclusive nation-building. I would like to highlight four points. First, we welcome the holding of parliamentary elections for the People’s Assembly of Syria on 5 October to elect 140 members, marking a significant step in the country’s political transition. This reflects a move towards greater political engagement and the rebuilding of State institutions. We also hope that regions that experienced delays owing to security concerns will soon be able to hold elections, ensuring inclusive participation across the country. Equally important on the political front is the recent agreement between the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and the central Government to integrate SDF units into the Syrian National Army. This development represents a positive and necessary contribution to national cohesion and the restoration of unified State institutions, and we look forward to its full and timely implementation. Secondly, we emphasize the critical importance of easing sanctions on Syria in order to enable economic recovery, reconstruction and reintegration. We welcomed the decision by the United States and the European Union to lift multiple economic restrictive measures on Syria that had been in place. We also welcome the investment and reconstruction efforts by Türkiye, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and others to rebuild Syria’s infrastructure. At the same time, to yield tangible outcomes, these efforts need to be matched with improvement in governance and a stable security situation. Also, the humanitarian needs of the country must be met with full international solidarity and assistance. Thirdly, the threat of terrorism persists. The presence of foreign terrorist fighters further underscores the urgency of this challenge. These concerns must be addressed comprehensively through both political and security measures, including the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration reforms. We also hope that centralized authority will be extended and consolidated throughout the country, so as to effectively address the concerning situations, including in Suwayda’, Aleppo and Dayr al-Zawr. Fourthly, Pakistan condemns the repeated and egregious violations of the 1974 Disengagement Agreement by Israel, including the illegal presence and maintenance of 10 positions on the Bravo/Syrian side. Such actions by Israel are seriously undermining ongoing efforts to preserve Syria’s unity and stability. The 1974 Disengagement Agreement should be strictly adhered to, and any new security arrangements must have the consent of the parties concerned. The journey ahead for Syria is both challenging and full of opportunity. We reaffirm our solidarity with the people of Syria — men, women and children from all communities. It is our firm belief that through concerted domestic efforts and requisite international support Syria will emerge stronger, more peaceful and more

I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of the Russian Federation. We are grateful to Ms. Najat Rochdi, Deputy Special Envoy of the Secretary- General for Syria, and Mr. Ramesh Rajasingham, Director of the Coordination Division of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in Geneva, for their detailed assessments of the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic. We would like to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Geir Pedersen, who is stepping down, for his years-long efforts in Syria. Currently, Syria, a friendly nation, is at a complicated stage in its political transition and economic recovery. The country’s leadership is facing large-scale challenges related to reforming and rebuilding governing bodies with a view to developing and reinforcing Syrian statehood based on its multi-ethnic and multireligious identity. To this end, Syria will need both collective international support and multifaceted bilateral assistance. We stand ready to engage in such concerted efforts for the advancement of peace and prosperity in that country. Throughout the history of our bilateral relations, Russia has consistently supported the sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity of the Syrian Arab Republic. And we have always been guided solely by the interests of the Syrian people. This approach, including our focus on establishing multifaceted and mutually beneficial relations with Damascus, was reaffirmed following the talks, in Moscow on 15 October, between Russian President Vladimir Putin and Syrian President Ahmad Al-Sharaa. We are keen to advance joint projects under the new conditions and by leveraging existing agreements following the introduction of the necessary clarifications to the legal framework. We proceed from the assumption that ensuring long-term stabilization of Syria, overcoming disintegration-related challenges, improving the economic situation in the country and restoring the traditional status of Damascus as an important regional player are in the interests of the entire international community. We view the parliamentary elections held in Syria on 5 October as a milestone and a serious step towards building a resilient political and administrative system of governance that meets the aspirations of the entire Syrian people. We trust that the leadership of the Syrian Arab Republic will succeed in ensuring that the People’s Assembly is representative and that its endeavours will lay the foundation for national reconciliation and the protection of the interests and rights of all citizens, irrespective of their ethnic or religious background. We welcome the steps taken by the central authorities in Damascus and the leadership of the Syrian Democratic Forces in early October to de-escalate violence in the Kurdish areas of Aleppo, northern Syria. We hope that the political will demonstrated and the ceasefire agreement reached will be sustainable and comprehensive and will contribute to reintegrating the Euphrates region into the legal purview of the Syrian State. In this context, we note reports of the resumption of bilateral contacts to establish joint committees on political, administrative, military and educational matters. We hope that this extremely painful chapter for all Syrians, which has been associated with outbreaks of sectarian violence in the north-west and the south of the country, will come to a close. It is important that the relevant investigation be fair and transparent and that all the perpetrators be duly held accountable. We are convinced that all the pressing issues on the domestic agenda must be resolved by the Syrians themselves, without attempts to impose ready-made solutions for a settlement on Damascus and without destructive external interference. Such, On the humanitarian front, notwithstanding United Nations efforts and progress in expanding access for humanitarian operations, the overall situation in Syria remains absolutely dire. The number of Syrians still in need of assistance, primarily in relation to food security, stands at 16.5 million. There is no positive momentum to speak of. This figure has remained undiminished for a long time, and needs in the country continue to be colossal. The process of rebuilding the country is being seriously hampered by the continuing adverse impact of unilateral sanctions, which for many years have prevented the Syrian people from enjoying their legitimate right to development. Statements by Western countries about lifting sanctions are encouraging. However, all the indications, including evidence from humanitarian organizations working in Syria, are that the illegitimate measures taken by bypassing the Security Council are in fact still in effect, undermining recovery efforts and exacerbating the crisis. The critical state of the water and energy infrastructure requires large-scale investment and international support. The situation is obviously being exacerbated by instability in a number of regions, where, according to the information available, hotbeds of tension persist, in particular in Aleppo, Dayr al-Zawr and Suwayda’. Extreme weather events are also posing new risks, with, for example, drought threatening to destroy much of the harvest, which could exacerbate the food crisis. Recent forest fires, including in the governorate of Ladhiqiyah, have also wrought serious economic harm and sparked fresh population displacements. An additional factor that is adversely affecting food security remains the heightened threat from mines, which is hampering agricultural recovery. The current situation is not conducive to the return of refugees and internally displaced persons home. In this regard, it is particularly important to underscore that returns must be purely voluntary and subject to the appropriate conditions being met, including security, access to livelihoods, education, housing and basic services. Only then will full and sustainable reintegration be possible. Of particular concern is the critical shortfall in funding for the United Nations humanitarian plan. A mere 19 per cent of the $3.2 billion needed for 2025 has been secured thus far. The lack of resources has already led to the scaling-back or suspension of key programmes for healthcare, nutrition, water supply and mine clearance. The closure of community support centres and the reduction of assistance to internally displaced persons and refugees are also undermining efforts to stabilize the situation and avert fresh waves of forced displacement. In this connection, I would like to note that Syria’s recovery requires broad-based, coordinated and depoliticized support from the international community. The participation of donors, regional partners and international organizations is crucial to rebuilding infrastructure and fostering the conditions for the sustainable development of this Arab country. We welcome reports of preparations for large-scale infrastructure projects, including in the energy sector, and look forward to their successful implementation in the interests of the Syrian people as a whole. For our part, we intend to continue to engage in constructive dialogue with Damascus in the field of economic cooperation, within the framework of the relevant Syrian-Russian intergovernmental commission. We also plan to step up contact in I now resume my functions as President of the Council. I now give the floor to the representative of Syria.

Allow me to thank the briefers and to thank Council members for their support for the new Syria. A month has elapsed since the most recent meeting on Syria in the Council (S/PV.9999) — a month that felt like a year. To the Syrian miracles that took place during that time and to those that have occurred since liberation, I would like to add one miracle that is unparalleled, namely, the fact that Syria’s statement today can be delivered in the space of just a few minutes and will consist of only five points. First, the world witnessed Syria making a strong comeback during the United Nations high-level week. International and economic delegations continue to come to Syria. We would be delighted to see Council members in Syria and in Damascus one day too. Today, Syria is an active presence, engaging in dialogue and decision-making. Secondly, for the first time in decades, Syrians have been given the opportunity to participate in political life through the recent elections, which sought to address the legacy of the Al-Assad era. With millions of displaced people having lost their official documents and a society still struggling to rebuild its institutions, the elections were held in fulfilment of our commitment to fill the legislative vacuum. More than 1,500 citizens — men and women — ran for office, with feelings ranging from joy to hope and from support to disapproval. Their diverse voices and opinions were broadcast live on official television channels, marking the inception of a new era of freedom. Thirdly, in beloved Suwayda’  — the wound that we are endeavouring to heal  — we have kept our promises. We have granted unrestricted access to the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, and we have set the process of accountability in motion. The restoration of villages has also commenced. Syrians have raised more than $14 million in a grassroots campaign rightly called “Suwayda is one of us”. This is not a favour; this is a right. And today we are placing our trust in our people in Suwayda’ not to be drawn into unpredictable adventures. Fourthly, the Syrian Government is continuing to do its utmost to end the scourge of drugs and spare the world from that ill after the Al-Assad regime exploited them to target the peoples of the region. Fifthly, my Government continues to engage in regional and international cooperation to combat terrorism, such as that of the Da’esh terrorist organization, embodying Syria’s commitment to avoid being the source of a threat to any country in the world. In conclusion, as the allotted time does not permit me to talk about all our accomplishments, I will let the numbers speak for themselves: more than 1 million refugees have returned. That sends a message of confidence in the Government’s policies, achievements and efforts. It is a message that we take pride in and a vote of confidence that we will not squander. In order for this return to be sustainable, the international community must support Syria and its people through genuine partnership and put an end to the destabilizing Israeli aggressions. Today we are writing our own history. We are often told — as was said in the Council today  — that what Syria is experiencing today is a once-in-a-lifetime

I now give the floor to the representative of Oman.

I will deliver an abridged version of the statement, and the full version of the statement will be distributed later. It is my honour to speak on behalf of the Group of Arab States. We express our full solidarity with the Syrian Arab Republic and our appreciation for its efforts to establish security and stability and overcome the effects of the crisis. The Group affirms its unwavering support for the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Syria and welcomes the Government’s efforts to establish security, restore State institutions, promote national reconciliation and encourage continued Syrian-Syrian dialogue in a spirit of responsibility and openness. The Group condemns repeated Israeli attacks on Syrian territories and rejects the justifications that are given for it or that exploit the humanitarian situation for political purposes. The Group calls on the Security Council to fulfil its responsibilities to put an end to these violations, ensure full withdrawal from the occupied Golan, in accordance with resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) and 497 (1981) and the 1974 Disengagement Agreement. The Group affirms that a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process is the only path to achieving sustainable peace, supported by the efforts of the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy. The Group is closely following the humanitarian situation and calls for increased funding for the humanitarian response plan and for ensuring that aid reaches all those in need without politicization. It also calls for a move from relief to development and early recovery, in support of the Syrian Government’s efforts to improve living conditions and create conditions conducive to the voluntary and dignified return of refugees. The Group appreciates the role played by host countries and calls for strengthened international support to be extended to them. The Group welcomes the lifting of most of the sanctions imposed on Syria and affirms that ending those sanctions is a humanitarian and economic necessity. The Group also commends the efforts made by the Syrian Government to drive development and economic recovery and enhance the environment for investment. The Group reaffirms that Syria’s security is an integral part of Arab and regional security and commends Syria’s efforts to combat terrorism, secure borders and combat the smuggling of weapons and drugs. In conclusion, the Group welcomes the holding of parliamentary elections as a step towards establishing constitutional life. The Group calls for supporting the Syrian people in their march towards peace, stability and development.

I now give the floor to the representative of Türkiye.

We are grateful to Ms. Rochdi and Mr. Rajasingham for their comprehensive briefings and to Mr. Pedersen for his service, dialogue and cooperation over the challenging and stressful years. The Syrian Government has achieved significant progress since last December, despite the magnitude of the challenges. Engagement with the international community is also advancing in a steady and constructive manner. The political process is moving step by step. Recent elections to the People’s Assembly reflected the Government’s commitment to an inclusive national dialogue. Diplomats who served in Syria, such as myself, know very well that this was one of the basic and We believe that normalization in Syria will gain momentum once all natural resources are managed by the Syrian Government for all Syrians. We also believe that lifting the remaining sanctions is important, and we support all efforts to this end. The Syrian authorities have shown willingness to empower local bodies administratively and fiscally. This is a welcome development. However, those demands that could undermine national cohesion should be avoided. Local communities continue to express growing dissatisfaction with the so-called Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). We note with concern the so-called SDF’s ideological and coercive practices, which have deepened local tension. The closure of some Christian schools for rejecting the curriculum imposed by the so-called SDF has caused serious discontent within the Christian community. The 10 March agreement should not devolve into an open- ended exercise. All provinces in the north-east should be swiftly reintegrated into the central Government in terms of military, security and civilian structures. Control over camps and detention centres must also return to the Syrian Government. The international community should rely on the Syrian Government to run a healthy and accelerated repatriation from these camps. Importantly, we further call for Israel’s withdrawal from the buffer zone and the areas that it occupied after 8 December. It is essential to uphold the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Syria, to ensure full respect of the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement and to respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of all countries in the region.

There are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers. I now invite Council members to informal consultations to continue our discussion of the subject.