S/PV.10048 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Morocco, the Syrian Arab Republic and Türkiye to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the following briefers to participate in this meeting: Ms. Najat Rochdi, Deputy Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria; and Ms. Lisa Doughten, Director of the Financing and Partnerships Division, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I now give the floor to Ms. Rochdi. Ms. Rochdi: I am briefing the Security Council from Oslo, where I am attending the meeting of senior officials hosted by the European Union and Norway on the humanitarian situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, which is extremely serious, which requires more support and on which my colleague Ms. Doughten will brief Council members. I recently left Syria after a lengthy visit. In Damascus I met with Syrian Foreign Minister Shaibani and the head of the High Electoral Commission, in addition to many Syrian women and men from all areas and backgrounds. My visit drove home the sheer scale of the challenges and the need for a genuinely inclusive political transition process. After five decades of dictatorship and 14 years of war, Syria seeks to build a new era. The challenges are truly daunting in making good on the commitments made to the Syrian people on an inclusive political transition, in dealing with the past and in rebuilding the economy. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimates that more than 1 million Syrian refugees have returned. Much has been done in terms of reassurance and problem-solving internationally. We hope that this can be matched with deeper outreach domestically in order to ensure stability and social cohesion. Let me welcome the Security Council’s adoption of resolution 2799 (2025), which removed designations on President Al-Sharaa and Minister of the Interior Khattab. This was an important step towards reintegrating Syria into the international community. We note renewed United States executive action involving a further six-month waiver of most Caesar Act restrictions. We continue to urge the repeal of mandatory secondary sanctions. These are key impediments to enabling reconstruction and reviving the devastated Syrian economy, which is indispensable to stability and a successful political transition. In resolution 2799 (2025), the Council reiterated its full respect for the sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity of Syria. Yet, Israeli military operations and incursions into Syrian territory continue, in grave violation of Syria’s sovereignty and of international law. They endanger civilians, inflame regional tensions, undermine the fragile security environment and threaten the political transition. I received a strong appeal from Minister for Foreign Affairs Al-Shaibani for the United Nations to act to put an end to these violations. I call for Israel’s violations to cease and for adherence to the Agreement on Disengagement Resolution 2799 (2025) also recalled the main principles of resolution 2254 (2015). It welcomed Syrian commitments on humanitarian access and countering terrorism. It recalled expectations regarding foreign terrorist fighters, human rights and the safety and security of all Syrians regardless of ethnicity or religion, counter- narcotics, transitional justice, non-proliferation and the elimination of any remnants of chemical weapons and regional security and stability. It spoke of an inclusive, Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process, and it expressed the expectation that Syria would adhere to these and all other commitments made to all Syrian people. Let me touch briefly on several of these points. Tensions, lawlessness and some violence persist in several areas, with sporadic exchanges of fire between forces on front lines. Despite the best efforts of the leadership to implement the nationwide ceasefire, tensions and violence have continued in Dayr al-Zawr and on the outskirts of Suwayda’, where serious clashes have been taking place. The continued presence of listed terrorist groups and foreign terrorist fighters remains an additional source of concern. We note the recent operations conducted by the interim authorities against Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), as well as those of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), and we take note of Syria having joined the global coalition against ISIL. Security fragility is a reminder that lasting peace in Syria depends on comprehensive security sector reform and credible programmes of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Progress on accountability, transitional justice and the missing is equally essential. The United Nations stands ready to assist Syria’s national commissions on these issues. We note that a first trial is now under way for crimes committed during the coastal events in March, and the public statements from the national committee on the Suwayda’ events in July affirm that those who committed violations will be held accountable. The United Nations Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic is also continuing its investigation into the Suwayda’ events. Syrians must feel that meaningful steps are being taken to end impunity, past and present, and to prevent any recurrence. We continue to follow, with real concern, reports of abductions and enforced disappearances. This month, the Ministry of Interior briefed us on its investigations into allegations of abductions of women. We reiterate the need to prosecute individuals involved, prevent abductions and enforced disappearances and ensure strict compliance with international legal norms by security sector forces going forward. I briefed the Council last month on the Syrian process for establishing a transitional People’s Assembly (see S/PV.10021). Eighteen seats remain vacant in nine districts in north-east Syria and Suwayda’, where voting has been postponed. We await President Al-Sharaa’s appointment of the remaining one third of the 210 seats in the People’s Assembly. In my discussions with Foreign Minister Al-Shaibani and the head of the High Electoral Commission, I appealed for transparency and for a process that ensures fair representation of all communities and of Syrian women. The need for effective inclusion is equally relevant for the next stages of the political transition. The drafting of a permanent constitution is a foundational task. The act of defining a new social contract among Syrians must be a source of peace and unity. Equally, the free and fair elections that are to follow that new constitution will require significant advance planning and early engagement from now, given the institutions and infrastructure that must be rebuilt after so many years of conflict and authoritarian rule. I further wish to highlight the continued leadership and active engagement of Syrian women, who remain in close contact with our Office and continue to call for safety and accountability, and to express their readiness and capacity to contribute meaningfully and effectively to Syria’s future through political participation and leadership. In the north-east, further progress is needed to implement the 10 March agreement. Foreign Minister Al-Shaibani reconfirmed to me the authorities’ support for the implementation of that agreement. We have noted the SDF’s renewed statement of commitment to accelerating its integration into the Syrian State. What is needed now are concrete mechanisms for commitments to become action, in terms of both military and political integration, in a spirit of compromise from both parties. Sporadic hostilities along the contact line this month remind us of the urgency of sustaining the ceasefire. We continue to call for progress to implement the 16 September road map for Suwayda’, where trust is extremely low, as the new clashes last week remind us. We encourage all parties to take tangible steps forward, particularly initial confidence-building measures, especially with regard to detainees and abductees and the restoration of State services. Any framework for the reintegration of Suwayda’ needs to uphold Syria’s sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity, as well as address the very real anxieties felt by the Druze regarding their safety, human rights and inclusion in Syria’s political future and those felt by the Bedouin communities. It is vital that the political transition succeeds for the Syrian people — men and women who have both struggled for the future and stability of Syria. We stand ready to work alongside the Syrian authorities and support them, reflecting the broad hopes we hear from Syrians and Member States for the United Nations to maintain its political role in supporting the implementation of the milestones of the political transition over the coming years. We look forward to further engagement with the Syrian authorities, a wide range of Syrians and, indeed, with the Council, in support of the role of this Office and the United Nations in building a Syria that is sovereign, stable, united and prosperous — a Syria fulfilling the aspirations of all its citizens.

I thank Ms. Rochdi for her briefing. I now give the floor to Ms. Doughten. Ms. Doughten: As Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi has just set out, the Syrian Arab Republic continues to navigate a daunting set of challenges as it seizes the opportunity for a more peaceful and prosperous future, and we welcome the continued interest and engagement of the international community in helping Syria achieve this. The stakes are immense, particularly for the more than 16 million people across the country who need humanitarian assistance. Localized insecurity and climatic shocks continue to exacerbate needs. In southern Syria, the ceasefire is holding, thankfully, though sporadic incidents are still reported. More than 180,000 people remain displaced in Suwayda’ and neighbouring governorates. Syrian authorities are pursuing efforts to rehabilitate infrastructure and restore the supply of electricity and other services, but major gaps We continue to prioritize the response in Suwayda’ and neighbouring governorates, working with Syrian authorities and affected communities to provide assistance and basic services. We have reached 357,000 people per month, sending more than 1,300 aid trucks and working with a range of partners, including 25 national non-governmental organizations. Further north, the main road linking Homs and Raqqah continues to experience intermittent closures. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), in close coordination with the Syrian authorities, is actively facilitating the movement of humanitarian assistance through this corridor. Meanwhile, explosive remnants of war continue to endanger people across the country. Last week alone, six people, including one child, were killed, and 11 more were injured across six governorates. Since December last year, unexploded ordnance has killed more than 570 people and injured another 960. Most incidents have taken place on agricultural land, further disrupting livelihoods, and historic drought-like conditions continue to affect water availability and agricultural production, putting further pressure on already high levels of food insecurity. Despite the enormous needs, this remains a hopeful time for millions of Syrians, as reflected in the growing number of people choosing to return to their homes. More than 1.2 million refugees have now returned from neighbouring countries since December. More than 1.9 million people who were internally displaced have also returned. But these people still need support to re-establish their lives, including, in the intermediate term, humanitarian aid. In interviews with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 70 per cent of returning refugees said they face food shortages. Most reported homes that have been damaged or destroyed and most lack viable opportunities to generate income. Many still need civil documentation to help to re-establish their lives. Widespread property damage is concerning as winter approaches, with many families forced to stay in partially destroyed homes or temporary shelters. As people return, more than 400 camps and other sites hosting displaced people in northern Syria have been closed — another marker of progress. But more than 1.2 million people, three quarters of them women and children, continue to shelter in such sites. The United Nations and its partners continue to reach 3.4 million people on average each month across Syria, thanks to improved access and operational conditions — 24 per cent more than the same period last year, despite reduced funding. Across the country, we are working to advance projects that support recovery, in collaboration with national and local authorities. With support from the OCHA-managed Syria Humanitarian Fund, UNICEF worked with the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Syrian Arab Red Crescent and the water authorities in Aleppo to rehabilitate the Ain Al-Baida water station, which now provides clean water for 250,000 people. We are also working with the relevant ministries and other partners to vaccinate children, expand nutrition services, strengthen national preparedness and conduct a first nationwide multisectoral needs assessment. In addition, we continue to bring in substantial assistance from Türkiye, with more than 3,170 trucks using this route so far this year. We are working with our partners and the authorities in Syria and Türkiye to transition to standard commercial arrangements for this route — another indicator of progress in the normalization of Syria’s operating environment. In Syria today, we have the opportunity to get much more aid to those who need it. We also see a viable path towards recovery and development support that would reduce reliance on emergency assistance, but we need three key measures from the international community. Secondly, we need more funding for humanitarian operations. With just more than a month left in the year, our Syria appeal is only 26 per cent funded, leading to continued gaps and reductions in critical assistance. Our partners are currently seeking to assist 2 million vulnerable people with winter supplies, including fuel for heating and stoves, winter clothing, blankets and other household items. But just 12 per cent of the funding has been mobilized. In recent months, according to the World Health Organization, more than 360 health facilities have suspended or reduced services owing to funding cuts, affecting more than 7 million people. Thirdly, we need concrete, targeted and large-scale investment in development and reconstruction. The people of Syria do not want to rely on emergency aid. Reconstruction needs are enormous, but recent developments provide a path forward, including continued steps to ease sanctions and sustained interest from partners in the region and beyond to invest in Syria. But this requires concrete and sustained attention to unlock resources, including from the private sector, development investment and climate finance. The international community must act decisively to translate this opportunity into concrete support.

I thank Ms. Doughten for her briefing. I shall now give the floor to those members of the Council who wish to make statements.

I thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Doughten of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs for their briefings. The situation in Syria continues to evolve. That is clear on the ground, as this month we welcomed Syria’s joining the Global Coalition to Counter Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, or Da’esh, and it is also clear in this Chamber, where, just last week, we adopted resolution 2799 (2025), delisting President Al-Sharaa and Interior Minister Khattab from the sanctions regime pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999). These developments mark significant milestones on Syria’s continued path to stability and prosperity. With this in mind, let me make three points today. First, Denmark reaffirms its strong commitment to Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. Syria continues to face major security challenges, both from within and beyond its borders. Statements regarding a security accord with Israel, grounded in the framework of the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement, are encouraging. Lasting peace with Syria’s neighbours and an Israeli withdrawal are imperative for Syria to regain full control of its territory. In the country’s north-east, we take note of the ongoing talks between the transitional Government and the Syrian Democratic Forces. We encourage both parties to stay at the table and work towards a deal that strengthens safety and security for all Syrians. The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), or Da’esh, remains an extremely dangerous threat Secondly, greater clarity is needed on the next steps in Syria’s political transition. Equally important is the fact that these steps are being taken as part of a dialogue with Syrian civil society. We continue to underscore the need for an inclusive and transparent political process — one that is Syrian-owned and Syrian-led. Key to this is the relaunching of the national dialogue, and we urge the transitional Government to take concrete steps to this end. Last week in Damascus, the European Union, in coordination with civil society and the transitional Government, facilitated a day of dialogue — the first of its kind to be hosted inside Syria. This provided Syrian civil society with a general platform to share their recommendations directly with those in power — something that would have been unthinkable just one year ago. We hope that this can serve as a catalyst for regular, continuous and structured dialogue and partnership between civil society and the transitional Government, as also stated by Syrian Minister for Foreign Affairs Al-Shaibani during the meeting. Thirdly, as we heard from both Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Doughten this morning, the extremely serious humanitarian situation needs a tailored and comprehensive United Nations response. For this to bear fruit and achieve real results, adequate funding is needed. We remain concerned about the severe underfunding of the humanitarian response plan. Cuts to aid programmes are now gravely affecting ordinary Syrians on a daily basis. Immediate humanitarian support is urgently needed, including in terms of livelihoods, nutrition and food security, demining, health, water and sanitation, especially now that we are entering the winter months. Stabilizing and improving living conditions throughout the country would also help to accelerate economic development and the rebuilding of the country. In closing, the challenges facing Syria are complex and interconnected, but they are not insurmountable. While much remains to be done, we are encouraged by the progress already made. Denmark stands ready to work constructively with the United Nations, the Council and the transitional Government to ensure a safe, prosperous and politically inclusive future for the Syrian people.

We would like to thank Ms. Najat Rochdi, Deputy Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria, and Ms. Lisa Doughten, Director of the Financing and Outreach Division of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, for their briefings on the political and humanitarian situation in Syria. We are closely following the developments in the friendly Syrian Arab Republic, which has entered a new period in its history and is going through a politically tense and momentous transition. The leadership of the “new Syria” faces major tasks in modernizing the system of State governance and strengthening State security institutions. The successful implementation of these steps requires an inclusive political process and coordinated international support based on respect for the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic. This is the foundation on which all decisions on the Syrian settlement must be built, in line with the basic principles laid down in cornerstone resolution 2254 (2015). We would like to say that Russia has always been guided, and will continue to be guided, by the interests of the Syrian people. That is why we supported the Security Council’s decision to lift sanctions against the Syrian leadership. We believe that this will not only contribute to the country’s socioeconomic recovery but will also give momentum to international support for this process, without imposing any self- serving conditions or ready-made schemes on Damascus. All issues on the domestic We share the concerns of Damascus and our colleagues in the Council about the ongoing terrorist threats posed by Islamic State in Iraq and the Sham, Al-Qaida, affiliated terrorist groups and foreign terrorist fighters. In this regard, we support the efforts of the Syrian authorities to neutralize these individuals and legal entities, whose activities not only undermine Syrian statehood but also threaten the security of neighbouring countries. Furthermore, we cannot ignore the unlawful actions by West Jerusalem, which continues to occupy the Syrian Golan Heights and, under the made-up pretext of self-defence, has essentially launched a full-scale operation to create a “buffer zone” in the south of the Syrian Arab Republic. Such actions grossly violate international law and pose a threat to the security of the entire Middle East region. We call on Israel to comply with the provisions of the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces. We are disappointed by the fact that there have been practically no positive developments on the humanitarian track. The socioeconomic situation in the country remains dire, and millions of Syrians continue to be in urgent need of life-saving assistance. It is particularly concerning that last week, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Food Programme once again included Syria in the list of countries with the most unfavourable predictions regarding hunger and malnutrition. Today approximately 9 million Syrians are already facing various forms of malnutrition, and experts have reason to believe that, without timely response measures, this figure could rise in the near future. The situation is being exacerbated by severe drought, water shortages, declining crop yields and an overall economic downturn that undermines the people’s purchasing power. Economic recovery and the creation of resilient food systems are complex, long- term tasks that require significant investment. It is quite clear that Syria will be able to achieve this only when the international community stands in genuine solidarity. The complete rejection of the policy of imposing illegal sanctions and a return to a fair system of international development based on international law, equal relations and mutual respect can make a decisive contribution and put the Syrian economy on the path to sustainable development. However, United Nations experts and humanitarian organizations working directly in Syria have increasingly pointed out that, in practice, sanctions barriers are still in place and seriously hamper the implementation of humanitarian tasks. Despite public statements by Western States about easing or even lifting unilateral measures, businesses are still afraid to engage with partners in Syria and do not dare invest even in those areas in which it would make economic sense. We are particularly concerned about reports coming from demining organizations in Syria. They note that they cannot purchase even basic equipment. Meanwhile, according to all available assessments, the problem of mine contamination remains extremely acute. Yesterday and the day before, we had a detailed discussion in this Chamber about such issues as food security and hunger (see S/PV.10045) — phenomena that refuse to go away. Many spoke about early warning systems and the need for timely responses to the threat of famine. In the case of Syria, this very warning has already reached us, and the system has sent a clear signal: without urgent funding and the removal of obstacles to humanitarian activities, we risk a significant deterioration of the situation and greater suffering. We call on all partners to act in a spirit of solidarity and respect for Syria’s sovereignty and for the sake of the country’s well- being.

I thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Lisa Doughten for their briefings. The United States has also adopted a new approach and a new regulatory posture to encourage American and international businesses and banks to develop Syria through profitable investments. We encourage other Member States to follow our example. As President Trump said, we want to see Syria become a country that is very successful. International partnerships will be important for Syria’s efforts to rebuild. Secretary Rubio recently issued a suspension of the Caesar Act. Foreign partners can now confidently invest in Syria’s future. During the visit, Syria joined the Global Coalition to Defeat Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS). By joining the Coalition, Syria’s leadership turned a new page and joined 89 other countries committed to ensuring that ISIS can never be a global scourge again. The United States supports Syria’s national unity. That means the peaceful, inclusive integration of all its citizens, including religious and ethnic minorities. The United States encourages all parties to continue following the practical approach of the Suwayda’ road map to support Syria’s reconstruction and achieve national reconciliation. On 27 October, the United States announced life-saving humanitarian assistance for Druze, Christian and Bedouin communities in Suwayda’ as a part of our ongoing efforts to support a stable Syria at peace with itself and its neighbours. This assistance will support the life-saving needs of approximately 60,000 people through targeted provisions of food, water and hygiene items and the rebuilding of houses and water systems when Syrians can safely return to their homes. The United States calls on other nations to contribute life-saving humanitarian assistance for the people of Syria as they seek to rebuild. Such assistance is needed to secure lasting peace and stability in the Middle East and to ensure that Syrian refugees can return home. We urge the Syrian Government to fulfil the promise of this moment. Syria only has one chance to get on the right track. We look forward to continuing the work with the Syrian Government as it leads its country towards what we hope will be a better future, not only for Syria but for the entire region.

I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the three African members of the Security Council plus one (A3+), namely Guyana, Sierra Leone, Somalia and my own country, Algeria. At the outset, the A3+ extends its sincere appreciation to Deputy Special Envoy Najat Rochdi and Director Lisa Doughten for their valuable briefings. The A3+ welcomes reports pointing to improvements in the daily conditions faced by Syrians. These developments highlight the importance of continued well- coordinated support for Syria, in full respect for its sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity and political independence. We believe that progress in Syria must ultimately be anchored in a comprehensive Syrian-owned and Syrian-led political process, in line with the key principles of resolution 2254 (2015). The A3+ acknowledges the steadfast role played by the United Nations in assisting Syrian national institutions, facilitating dialogue processes and providing First, we welcome the adoption of resolution 2799 (2025). The Council’s decision sends an important political signal. We trust that this development will not only strengthen the functioning of Syrian institutions but also contribute to creating the conditions for greater stability. Second, accountability remains indispensable and must advance alongside national reconciliation. The A3+ recognizes the work carried out by the transitional committees and calls on all relevant actors to facilitate their activities and engage with them constructively. We also take note that several army and security personnel have been detained in relation to investigations into the recent outbreak of sectarian violence in Suwayda and the opening of the first public trial. We continue to underscore that a credible process, guided by the principle of zero impunity, is essential to rebuilding public confidence and laying the basis for a sustainable peace in Syria. Third, we welcome the recent statement by the Syrian authorities reaffirming their commitments to the March agreement. We encourage continued discussion in good faith between the Government and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) to ensure its effective implementation on the ground, including progress towards the integration of the SDF into State security structures. Fourth, the A3+ remains gravely concerned by reports of renewed activity by Da’esh in parts of Syria, particularly in areas where security gaps persist. Such developments are a reminder that terrorism continues to present a serious threat to the country and to the wider region. We call for coordinated and determined efforts to counter this threat. In this regard, the A3+ emphasizes that security gains cannot be sustained without parallel improvements in socioeconomic conditions. Fifth, the A3+ condemns Israel’s continued military operation, which clearly violates international law. We call for the full implementation of the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces and reiterate that the occupied Syrian Golan is an integral part of Syria, in accordance with resolution 497 (1981). In this regard, the A3+ is deeply alarmed by the visit carried out this morning in southern Syria by the Israeli Prime Minister and Minister of Defence, a visit to a country that was conducted without prior coordination or information being shared with its authorities. These violations must cease immediately, and Israel must withdraw from all occupied Syrian land, including the Golan. Sixth, we welcome the statement issued by the International Monetary Fund, noting early signs of economic recovery in Syria and its readiness to intensify cooperation in the coming period. With the lifting of unilateral sanctions, we also encourage private sector actors to explore opportunities in Syria. Economic recovery will be central to long-term stability, not only for Syria but for the region as a whole. Seven, despite some encouraging economic indicators, the humanitarian situation remains dire. As winter approaches, international support will be crucial to ensure adequate funding and effective delivery assistance. It is equally urgent to scale up early recovery efforts in demining, in water and energy infrastructure and in ensuring access to education and essential healthcare services, and also to invest in community resilience as part of a holistic approach to consolidating peace. In conclusion, the A3+ reaffirms its commitment to supporting Syria’s unity and stability. We call on all stakeholders to act responsibly to uphold international law and to contribute to a future that reflects the aspirations of the Syrian people.

We thank Deputy Special Envoy Najat Rochdi and Director Lisa Doughten for their briefings. Allow me to highlight a few points in that regard. First, the political track remains central to durable peace in Syria. This process must continue, remain fully inclusive and must be Syrian-led and Syrian-owned in order to ensure outcomes that are sustainable, credible and reflective of the aspirations of all Syrians. With the adoption of resolution 2799 (2025), the Council has also taken a step that can help open political space, encourage constructive international engagement and integration and foster a more conducive environment for dialogue. We hope that this development will translate into genuine progress for the Syrian people and help rebuild trust and confidence across the political landscape. Secondly, on the economic front, the lifting of sanctions and the opening of avenues for recovery and reconstruction are encouraging signs. The cooperation of international organizations with Syrian authorities to build central banking capacity, prepare the national budget and strengthen Government financial management may also contribute to tangible improvements as the economy stabilizes, public services strengthen and employment opportunities expand. All efforts must also be mobilized to address the humanitarian situation that remains dire, according to the two briefers we heard today. Thirdly, the persistent threat of terrorism remains a grave concern. The emergence of Da’esh, particularly in remote regions, and the remaining security vacuums continue to pose a serious challenge to peace and stability. The issue of foreign terrorist fighters further compounds these risks. Sustained vigilance, enhanced coordination and effective disarmament, demobilization and reintegration measures are indispensable to preventing a relapse into large-scale violence. Fourthly, the Israeli incursions, its establishment of so-called permanent positions in southern Syrian territory and its violations of the 1974 Disengagement Agreement are highly destabilizing and condemnable. Such actions undermine stability at a time when Syria is making efforts to rebuild and recover from years of turmoil. Moreover, any future security arrangement must be grounded in the United Nations framework and enjoy the consent of all parties concerned. Fifthly, the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Syria remain indispensable prerequisites for enduring peace. The reiteration of the March 2025 agreement with Syrian Democratic Forces is significant. A unified political and security architecture that is genuinely representative of all Syrians remains fundamental. There is also a need to stabilize, without delay, the simmering situation in Suwayda’. The launching of trials on violence committed in western coastal areas is welcome. These are important actions that manifest the Syrian Government’s commitment towards stability. In conclusion, Pakistan stands in support of legitimate aspirations of Syrian people. We encourage all stakeholders to proceed in good faith, to seize the current momentum and to ensure that peace benefits every section of Syrian society.

I thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Doughten for their briefings, and welcome the representatives of Syria, Iran, Israel, Türkiye and Morocco to today’s meeting. For some time now, the Syrian transitional Government has made sustained efforts to restore stability to the country. China commends these efforts. We support Syria’s pursuit of a development path suited to its national conditions. We hope I will make three points in that regard. First, counter-terrorism challenges must be addressed as a matter of priority. The repeated terrorist attacks in Syria remind us that terrorism remains a major challenge to the country’s reconstruction. The presence of foreign terrorist fighters in Syria is particularly worrisome. The Syrian transitional Government has pledged that Syria will not be a source of threat to any country. We hope that it will fulfil its counter-terrorism obligations by taking effective measures to resolutely combat all international terrorist organizations designated by the Council, including the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement. The Council made adjustments to the Syria- related sanctions measures in order to create conditions conducive to its economic recovery and national reconstruction. For entities and individuals still on the list, the Council’s sanctions measures remain in effect and must be strictly enforced. Secondly, there is a need to focus on humanitarian and development issues. Currently, Syria’s economic development has come to a standstill, and the people are living in chronic shortage of essential goods. The reduction of humanitarian funding by traditional donors has worsened Syria’s humanitarian crisis. As winter descends, we support the efforts of the United Nations humanitarian system, call on traditional donors to resume their humanitarian inputs to Syria and call for the swift lifting of all unilateral sanctions on Syria, with a view to improving production and the living conditions of Syria and to enhance its capacity for sustainable development. Thirdly, we need to support the efforts of the United Nations to play its role. The United Nations is an important participant in Syria’s political process. China commends the efforts of the Office of the Special Envoy to foster dialogue and communication and bridge internal differences among Syrian parties. We encourage the Syrian transitional Government to strengthen communication with the United Nations and provide maximum support and facilitation for the Special Envoy’s Office to fully perform its duties. China looks forward to the Secretary-General’s appointment of a new Special Envoy at an early date and supports enhanced coordination among United Nations entities in Syria for maximum synergy. I would like to highlight that the Golan Heights are internationally recognized as occupied Syrian territory. The 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces must be respected. Israel should withdraw from the Syrian territory without delay. China pursues a policy of friendship towards all Syrian people and respects their independent choices. Foreign Minister Al-Shaibani of the Syrian transitional Government recently visited China and met with Foreign Minister Wang Yi. A joint statement of the foreign ministers was later issued. Next year marks the seventieth anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Syria. We welcome Syria’s participation in the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation and stand ready to strengthen cooperation with Syria under multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations and the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum. China is ready to actively consider participating in Syria’s economic reconstruction in order to contribute to its social development and to improve its people’s livelihoods.

I would like to thank the Deputy Special Envoy Najat Rochdi and the Director of the Financing and Outreach Division of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Lisa Doughten, for their The recent developments in Syria reflect progress in the political transition process, carried out in accordance with resolution 2254 (2015), with the active support of the international community and the United Nations system. Likewise, these efforts reflect the importance of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, in the interest of laying solid foundations for a lasting, inclusive and sustainable peace in Syria and the entire region. However, Syria continues to face a complex environment, in which terrorism, impunity, lack of inclusion, climate conditions and the humanitarian situation continue to pose significant threats to stability. For that reason, recent commitments to strengthen cooperation in the fight against terrorism, including through bilateral agreements and accession to the international counter-Da’esh coalition, constitute a significant step forward. Similarly, we note with consternation recent reports regarding women and children arbitrarily detained by the previous regime, subjected to physical and psychological torture and separated from their families. Those events reveal systematic pattern of grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. Converting women and children into instruments of coercion is a deplorable practice that destroys lives and leaves deep wounds. Violence against the civilian population is always unacceptable, and the reconstruction of Syria must be guided by justice, so that the new State structures protect future generations from similar events. In that context, Panama welcomes the commencement of trials in Aleppo related to sectarian violence in the coastal region, where more than 1,400 civilians lost their lives. Likewise, the trials in Suwayda’ constitute a key mechanism for restoring the confidence of the citizenry and the international community in the new justice system. Those hearings must not only clarify the truth and prevent impunity, but must also foster national reconciliation and social cohesion, demonstrating that justice is a driver of stability and helps prevent future conflicts. We also reiterate that this stage offers a unique opportunity for the interim President to confirm concretely his commitment to political inclusion. The appointment of the remaining parliamentarians must effectively reflect the full participation of women and minority communities, ensuring that the new Parliament is truly representative. On the other hand, Panama expresses its concern regarding cuts to budgetary funding that are affecting the humanitarian response in Syria, putting at risk the lives and well-being of more than 350,000 people each month. We highlight the work of United Nations agencies and their partners, which continue to make laudable efforts, including the supply of food, the rehabilitation of schools and access to drinking water, despite insufficient funding and access challenges. Panama reiterates its firm support for the people of Syria in their process of reconstruction and political transition, recognizing with optimism the progress achieved. We express our appreciation to Slovenia, Denmark and Algeria for their efforts to enable the Council to conduct a visit to Syria that would allow it to verify the reality on the ground, learn first-hand about the needs of the population and explore opportunities for cooperation leading to a peaceful Syria, moving on its own towards a future of progress, well-being and sustainable development.

Let me thank the Deputy Special Envoy Najat Rochdi and Ms. Lisa Doughten, Director of the Financing and Outreach Division of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, for their briefings. This past week marked significant milestones for Syria’s path; notably, the first day of dialogue, organized by the European Union, in coordination with the Syrian civil society and transitional Government, was held in Damascus — something Against this backdrop, let me highlight three points today. First, Greece reaffirms its call for a genuinely inclusive political transition in Syria and full respect for its sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. As we have reiterated on several occasions, lasting peace must be rooted in a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process, in line with the principles of resolution 2254 (2015). The rich diversity of Syria’s society should find meaningful representation in State institutions and the constitution for a prosperous Syria. We welcome the 10 March agreement between the Syrian Democratic Forces and Damascus; its implementation must be carried out in good faith. The situation in the north-east should not be used as a pretext for foreign intervention. In that context, we repeat our regret with regard to the low rate of representation of women and representatives of ethnic and religious communities in the recent parliamentary elections. We look forward to the remaining parliamentary seats being used to compensate for the underrepresented components of Syrian society. It is imperative that all citizens feel safe. Only then can Syria’s recovery be stable, legitimate and enduring. Secondly, the humanitarian toll on the country, after years of civil strife, is immense, particularly on children. The decrease in grave violations against children since the beginning of 2025 is a welcome development. We call on all to ensure the full implementation of international obligations for the protection of children, to which Syria has recommitted. Putting an end to violence is important for Syria’s reconstruction, as well as for the safe and voluntary return of refugees. Thirdly, Syria will only be able to turn the page once full accountability and transitional justice have been served, allowing for reconstruction. Extremist elements are still present in Syria, as witnessed by the terrorist attacks against Greek Catholic and Orthodox churches and the horrific violence in Suwayda’ and the coastal region. The reported detention of security and military personnel for perpetrating violence in Suwayda’ shows a clear willingness to restore justice. In the same spirit, we recall the Council’s presidential statement of 14 March, condemning the mass killings in the wider Ladhiqiyah region, largely affecting Alawite, Christian and other communities. We insist that the findings of the relevant investigative committee be made public. Transparency and justice are not optional; they are the bedrock of reconciliation. These past few weeks, Syria made decisive progress on the international stage. This was clearly demonstrated during its recent accession to the international counter-Da’esh coalition. Its serious and honest engagement with its neighbours and international partners is certainly welcomed. We remain committed to the vision of a prosperous Syria, where the rule of law is respected and where all feel safe and equal. The United Nations, a reliable partner of the Syrian authorities, can play a crucial role in making such a vision a reality. We support the relocation of the Office of the Special Envoy from Geneva to Damascus and encourage further Syrian engagement with the United Nations on the ground.

We, too, thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Doughten for their briefings today, and we welcome the Ambassadors of Syria, Iran, Israel, Morocco and Türkiye to the Chamber. As Syria continues on its journey to rebuild, following decades of violence and suffering, it is critical that the Security Council and the international community accompany it at every step. At the same time, we reiterate Slovenia’s continued commitment to the sanctions regime pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), which is an important tool in support of counter-terrorism efforts and the fight against Da’esh. We call for its full implementation. We also call on the Syrian authorities to uphold their obligation to prevent any terrorist resurgence, in line with international law, and to bring weapons stockpiles fully under State control — an essential part of a wider effort on security sector reform. We welcome Syria’s recent announcement that it will cooperate with the Global Coalition to Counter Da’esh and the country’s ongoing engagement with the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. My second point today is that, while the Al-Assad regime has fallen, humanitarian needs have not disappeared. The impact of decades of conflict, displacement and extreme weather events on food security are clear to see. The recent Hunger Hotspots report confirms that already severe levels of acute food insecurity in Syria are expected to deteriorate further in the coming months. Prevention matters. We should heed this early warning and mobilize to take collective action, including through increased and diversified support and funding for humanitarian efforts. This is particularly critical as Syrians face the harsh winter months and as we strive to move from humanitarian assistance to lasting economic recovery. My final point today is a call for dialogue: national dialogue within Syria involving all Syrians, regional dialogue between Syria and its neighbours and dialogue with the international community and its bodies and mechanisms, including the United Nations. Slovenia commends and further encourages the efforts already undertaken by the Syrian authorities in this regard. And we reiterate our commitment to Syria’s unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity, which should be respected by all. Israel’s continued violations are unacceptable and must cease. We especially recall the critical role played by civil society and particularly by women, as has been demonstrated so heroically in Syria over the past decade. My colleague from Denmark already pointed out that just days ago, the European Union hosted a day of dialogue in support of Syrian civil society, taking place in Damascus for the first time and providing a platform for Syrians to have their voices heard. Slovenia sees the fostering of a safe, vibrant and pluralistic civic space and genuine engagement with civil society as essential to building the necessary trust between all Syrian people and the Syrian authorities and to achieving true reconciliation. It also reflects the spirit of resolution 2254 (2015) and an inclusive, Syrian-led and Syrian- owned political transition, which provides for the protection of all. In conclusion, we reiterate above all that we stand by the Syrian people at this moment of great opportunity and great responsibility. We hope that this message will be clearly heard in Damascus and across the country as we continue our work to facilitate a Security Council visit to Syria. We thank Council members for their constructive engagement thus far.

I thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Doughten for briefing us today. I also welcome the participation of the Permanent Representative of Syria in our meeting, alongside other countries from the region. First, the Syrian Government has demonstrated continued commitment to combating security threats and building long-term stability. We welcome their progress, with support from international partners, on the identification and planned destruction of chemical weapons, and most recently in joining the Global Coalition against Da’esh. We also welcome Syria’s efforts to build constructive relationships with its neighbours, including Israel and Lebanon. We endorse initiatives by the United States, Jordan and Syria to stabilize southern Syria, and we offer our full support for the implementation of the road map. Syrians across the country, in all their diversity, must be included in the political transition. To this end, we expect the final appointments to the People’s Assembly to be fully representative of Syria’s communities. And we also want to see swift progress towards implementation of the 10 March agreement between the Syrian Democratic Forces and the Damascus Government. Secondly, we should continue to focus on support for Syria’s economic recovery, building on the Council’s decision earlier this month to delist President Al-Sharaa and Minister of the Interior Khattab from the regime pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999). Last week’s visit of the Syrian Minister for Foreign Affairs to London demonstrated the United Kingdom’s firm commitment to rebuilding Syria’s economy and creating the conditions to boost trade and investment. We encourage all Council members to support the continued efforts towards Syria’s reconstruction and recovery. Finally, while Syria’s transition must be Syrian-led and -owned, the international community can play an important supportive role. In this spirit of partnership, the United Kingdom has been working with the Syrian Government, the United Nations and international donors in Damascus to strengthen humanitarian and development efforts. As Ms. Doughten said, there is still much to do on humanitarian and development assistance in support of recovery and reconstruction. We look forward to hearing from the Secretary-General on his strategic recommendations for United Nations support for Syria as it forges a path towards a more prosperous future.

I thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Doughten for their informative briefings. I also welcome the representatives of Syria, Iran, Israel, Türkiye and Morocco to this meeting. President Al-Sharaa’s historic handshake with President Trump in the White House, followed by Damascus joining the coalition against Islamic State in Iraq and the Sham, elucidates the new political landscape surrounding Damascus. Meanwhile, ongoing vigilantism shows deeply ingrained grievances nationwide and remains one of the most difficult security challenges. Let me highlight the following three points. First, we urge Syria to prioritize justice in its inclusive transition, in line with the key principles ingrained in resolution 2254 (2015). As Chair Pinheiro of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic stated in his report to the General Assembly last month, repeated episodes this year have tempered expectations about Damascus’ ability to put an end to Syria’s entrenched cycles of violence. While Damascus has reiterated its commitment to addressing sectarian violence, the pace and visibility of progress have been limited, leaving affected communities with continuing concerns. The first step to prevent any reoccurrence is to ensure that all perpetrators are held to account, regardless of affiliation, through transparent and appropriate judicial mechanisms that are consistent with international law. In this context, we look forward to comprehensive and unambiguous findings from the committee Secondly, Damascus and the international community should maintain their cooperation on countering terrorism, including the issue of foreign terrorist fighters. We welcome Syria in joining the Global Coalition to Counter Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant last Monday, a meaningful step for the incipient Government to show its genuine will to participate in countering terrorism and maintaining regional peace and security. Its successful operations against Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant cells also contribute to countering the resurgence of the terrorist group. Yet, the protracted situation in the harsh detention camps in north-east Syria remains a matter of concern. Delaying repatriation or reintegration, however complaisant, risks creating conditions that foster further radicalization within the camps. We call on all relevant States to actively engage with one another to find a mutually acceptable solution. We cannot afford to witness Syria reverting to being an incubator for terrorism. Likewise, Damascus should establish a State monopoly over weapons and the use of force, the failure of which has been an enabling cause of repeated bouts of internal violence. Damascus should prioritize demobilizing and repatriating foreign terrorist fighters whose involvement was prominent in major violence this year. We look forward to tangible progress following Damascus’s efforts to integrate armed elements in the country. Thirdly, we urge Israel to immediately cease any further intrusion or actions against the territorial sovereignty of Syria. We are deeply concerned by Israel’s ongoing incursions into Syria, now conducted on an almost daily basis, which raise serious questions regarding Israel’s respect for Syria’s territorial integrity. While the Israel Defense Forces deemed the occupation temporary and defensive at the beginning, its operation in the country has lasted almost a year now and has become both permanent and offensive, with massive installations, permanent facilities and outposts both within and beyond the Golan Heights. As many Council members, including us, have consistently emphasized in the Chamber, Israel’s security concerns should be addressed in a manner that respects international law. We take note of the recent developments between Israel and Syria on security talks and look forward to their meaningful outcome. As presented by the briefers and echoed by the Security Council members, it is essential that the composition of the People’s Assembly genuinely reflects the diverse components of the Syrian community. In this regard, we reiterate our call for Damascus to appoint the remaining 76 members who could be sincerely accepted by all of them.

I would first like to thank the Deputy Special Envoy, Ms. Najat Rochdi, and the Director of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Ms. Lisa Doughten, for their briefings, and I also express France’s support for their work. I welcome the representatives of Syria, Iran, Türkiye, Israel and Morocco to this debate. Significant decisions have been made over the past four weeks in support of a Syria committed to reconciliation, economic recovery, internal and regional stability and the fight against terrorism. Regarding security, the Syrian transitional authorities have signed a declaration of political cooperation with the international counter-Da’esh coalition. France welcomes this. and, concerned about the continuing terrorist threat in Syria from Da’esh and Al-Qaida, supports enhanced cooperation between the international community and the Syrian authorities to free the country from the scourge of terrorism. Thirdly, France supports the prospect of a forthcoming Security Council mission to Syria to address ongoing efforts in transitional justice, the fight against terrorism, economic development and regional integration, while providing the international community’s support to the Syrian effort. The Council should also travel to Lebanon, where it will discuss the renewed relationship between the two countries. In this spirit, we hope that the ongoing discussions between Israel and Syria will lead to an agreement that enables the establishment of peaceful, good-neighbourly relations and mutual respect between the two countries. Israel must cease its military activities on Syrian territory and withdraw from the separation zone established by the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement. The Council visit to Syria will allow us to define the contours of the new United Nations presence in Syria. In this regard, we welcome the agreement of the Syrian authorities to the presence of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in Damascus starting in December. In the coming months, the Council, the United Nations and the international community must continue to provide the new Syria with all the necessary support in the main areas of political recovery after decades of oppression. The first is the reconciliation and full integration of all communities — Druze, Kurdish, Christian and Alawite — through support for the ongoing normalization negotiations. The second is the construction of a democratic State open to women and ensuring space for all representatives of civil society. The third is through the consolidation of transitional justice mechanisms and cooperation with the United Nations investigation mechanisms to help the population overcome the traumas of the dictatorship and the war, which owing to the support of some, dragged on interminably, despite the resistance of the Syrian people, who were oppressed yesterday and today are free. As the anniversary of 8 December approaches, we reflect on the progress made and all that remains to be done. The international community must remain determined to support the building of a free, united, sovereign, stable and pluralistic Syria.

Allow me to speak today about the present, not by describing it directly but by taking Security Council members back to the past, so that we may view the present through it. I will not take Council members far back, only to the recent past, to 19 November 2024, this very day one year ago, so that together, we may see what Syria was like at that time, before Syrians were able to regain and liberate their country. At that time, my beloved homeland was, regrettably, a country ruled by fear and intimidation, constrained, shackled and bound in chains. It was a country whose cities were being driven, one after another, to destruction and ruin, not only because of bombardment and war but also because hope had vanished and horizons had disappeared. The evils of the now-defunct regime were not confined to the Syrian people; they were regional and global in their reach. The regime turned our country into a factory of death, filled it with drug dens and ketamine, and weaponized its border crossings in order to harm and destabilize the countries of the region. It dashed Syrians’ dreams and destroyed their future, compelling millions to emigrate and seek refuge abroad. Syrians spread throughout the globe, making their distinctive mark in every good land where they set foot. The regime turned Syria into a battleground for international and regional powers, a haven for militias and gangs of every kind and a hotbed of extremism, terrorism, violence and hatred. It violated the international laws that the Council and the international community had created, divided international institutions such as the United Nations and made Syria — once the crossroads of civilizations — a rogue State that exported crises and refugees. The aforementioned was not fiction or a scene from the pages of a tragedy; it was the reality of Syria just one year ago. That — or worse — would have been its fate today, had the Syrian people not decided to rise up, overthrow the Al-Assad regime and turn the page on this dark chapter. Amid the gloom of that grim era, some were preparing for this moment. Syrians in Idlib stood firm amid hardship and displacement. They were poised for that moment. Outside the country, Syrian men and women, who had thrived despite the plight of displacement, were joining forces and mobilizing international support for human rights and humanitarian and political causes, pinning their hopes on that moment. In the areas controlled by the erstwhile regime, our patient people were awaiting that moment of freedom for years on end. And then the hour came — the hour of truth — with the December campaign, which liberated the country in just 11 days, thanks to unparalleled levels of organization, remarkable discipline, tremendous sacrifice and a clear course of action that spared bloodshed, preserved lives and brought the country victory, not revenge. I have spoken of the past so that the Council can compare it to the present day — a mere 11 months after liberation. I will not dwell on all that Syria has achieved in that time, given that we will reconvene next month. Allow me, however, to mention some of my country’s accomplishments in this month alone, both at home and abroad. On the domestic front, we are forging ahead with building up the rule of law, as evidenced by the efforts of the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of the Interior to put a number of prisoners — remnants of the former regime and alleged perpetrators of the coastal violence — on trial in public. We are also moving ahead with the recovery process. For the first time in more than a decade, Damascus and Aleppo are enjoying uninterrupted electricity. As has been said here, in the Council, this month has witnessed historic visits and important meetings with a number of international leaders and officials, including from all five permanent members of the Council. The Syrian flag was hoisted at the Syrian embassies in Washington D.C. and London, in preparation for their reopening. This month also saw Syria join the international Nonetheless, despite the international consensus, including within the Council, about supporting stability in Syria, Israel is pursuing its policies of aggression and its systematic violations of the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement, which was deposited at the time with the Council. It is doing so through incursions, military outposts in the buffer zone and attacks on the Syrian people in the form of raids, arbitrary arrests, forced displacement, destruction of property, bulldozing of agricultural land and deprivation of livelihoods. Israel also continues to interfere in Syria’s internal affairs, seeking to weaken the legitimate authorities, foment division and undermine civil peace, and even carrying out military attacks that have reached the centre of Damascus. Despite these violations and attacks, Syria remains committed to peaceful diplomatic solutions rather than confrontation in addressing any real security concerns, while reiterating that it does not pose a threat to any country in the region. It has engaged positively in serious talks with Israel, enjoying the commendable support and appreciation of the United States, including follow-up from President Donald Trump himself. All the while, Israel continues to regard itself above the law, flouting the Charter of the United Nations and every international law and rule. This morning, we witnessed the Prime Minister of the Israeli occupation, Benjamin Netanyahu, touring the areas of southern Syria into which the occupation army has advanced. My Government condemns in the strongest terms this provocative tour, which is an extension of Israel’s ongoing policy of aggression against Syria and its people. We urge the United Nations and the Council to take immediate, decisive action to stop Israel’s attacks, prevent their recurrence, end the Israeli occupation and fully enforce the 1974 Disengagement Agreement and the relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 497 (1981). My country reaffirms its inalienable right to sovereignty throughout its territories and rejects any external interference that threatens civil peace or attempts to derail the Syrian people’s efforts to build a better future for their country. The Syrian people have shown the world their resilience and their unwavering determination to achieve their goals. Council members will soon visit Damascus and witness first-hand the journey of recovery that began with the will of a people rising up despite their wounds and building a State that seeks to reinforce the foundations of stability and a future written in a new spirit worthy of our heroic people. Upon members’ return, we will meet again to discuss this year’s achievements, which border on miraculous, and a people whose ancient history and painful past have been turned into fuel for the future.

I now give the floor to the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

First, allow me to extend our congratulations to Sierra Leone on assuming the presidency of the Security Council for this month. We also express our appreciation to the Russian Federation for its effective and successful presidency of the Council during the month of October. We thank Deputy Special Envoy Rochdi and Director Doughten for their informative briefings. The Islamic Republic of Iran reaffirms its continued support for the United Nations constructive engagement with the Syrian authorities aimed at alleviating the humanitarian situation and advancing stability and recovery throughout the Syrian Arab Republic. On the situation in Syria, I wish to make the following points. Secondly, on the security situation, the environment remains fragile. While insecurity persists in several parts of the country, we are deeply concerned that terrorist groups, including Da’esh and affiliated foreign terrorist fighters, continue to exploit the current instability. Their activities pose a direct and serious threat to regional and international peace and security. All forms of foreign occupation, which are a primary source of insecurity and destabilization, must come to an end, and the Syrian authorities must continue to fulfil their counter-terrorism obligations. Equally alarming are the escalating, destabilizing and openly aggressive actions of the Israeli regime in Syria. This occupying regime continues to carry out repeated, expanded and coordinated air strikes across Syrian territory, killing civilians, destroying vital infrastructure and dangerously heightening regional tensions. Israel’s attempts to entrench its occupation, expand its control and impose its laws and administration on southern Syria and the occupied Syrian Golan Heights are illegal, null and void and without any international legal effect. These actions constitute flagrant violations of international law, the United Nations Charter, the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces and all relevant Security Council resolutions. The Security Council must not remain silent in the face of such systematic and unlawful aggression. Thirdly, on the humanitarian situation, we commend the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations agencies and humanitarian partners for their tireless work under dangerous conditions. Yet the situation in Syria continues to deteriorate. Deepening economic hardship and acute funding shortages have pushed millions closer to destitution, including 1.9 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) and 1.2 million returning refugees now at acute risk. Full, safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access, in strict accordance with humanitarian principles, remains essential. Syria also faces profound structural challenges: soaring inflation, shattered infrastructure, broken supply chains, energy shortages and worsening droughts. These hardships are the direct result of years of unilateral sanctions — measures that are illegal, illegitimate and contrary to the United Nations Charter. Suspending these unlawful measures is not enough — they must be fully and unconditionally lifted to enable Syria’s economic recovery, restore livelihoods and support the safe, voluntary and dignified return of refugees and IDPs. We emphasize that these illegal measures must never be used as tools of political pressure or interference in Syria’s internal affairs. Fourthly, on the political process, we reaffirm that the only sustainable path for Syria lies in a Syrian-led, Syrian-owned inclusive political process, facilitated by the United Nations and firmly grounded in the core principles of resolution 2254 (2015). This process must safeguard the legitimate rights and aspirations of all Syrians, including minorities, while upholding Syria’s sovereignty, independence, unity and national institutions. We emphasize that the rights of all communities must be fully respected in accordance with international law, and all forms of political pressure and harassment aimed at displacing minorities in Syria, particularly Alawites and Shiites, must cease. We take note of the recent parliamentary elections. Yet such a step must form part of a broader, genuinely inclusive political process that ensures representation, legitimacy and the full participation of all Syrians.

I now give the floor to the representative of Türkiye.

We also thank the Deputy Special Envoy and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Director for their informative briefings. It has been nearly one year since Syria embarked upon a historic process of transformation. During this period, despite complex challenges, the Syrian Government has demonstrated commendable progress. On the political track, the convening of the national conference, the adoption of the constitutional declaration, the formation of an inclusive Government and the conduct of parliamentary elections in less than a year all reflect a firm commitment to an inclusive, Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process. Experiences from other post-conflict contexts show that the prolonged absence of elections often deepens divisions. Syria has avoided such a trajectory. It is therefore essential that we continue to support the Government’s efforts to build inclusive governance structures that reflect the country’s diversity. Encouraging all components of Syrian society to unite around the principle of equal citizenship, guaranteed by the Constitution, must remain a priority. Ensuring transitional justice is also a crucial element in Syria’s reconstruction. In this context, the initiation of judicial proceedings on 17 November regarding the incidents in the coastal region, following the release of the report by the national fact-finding committee, and the transparent conduct of this process will contribute to fostering reconciliation On the international front, we welcome the growing cycle of constructive engagement around Syria. Likewise, the Security Council’s recent decision to delist President Al-Sharaa and Minister Khattab indicates the international community’s commitment to working in partnership with the Syrian Government. In this regard, we wish to express our appreciation to the Council, in particular the United States delegation for its leadership, and we extend our thanks to all Council members, whose support made this initiative possible. We will continue to support such steps, aimed at erasing the negative legacy of the former era from the current Syrian Administration and the Syrian people, lifting sanctions in their entirety, paving the way for Syria’s integration into the international community and achieving stability and development in the country. Syria’s accession to the international counter-Da’esh coalition further reflects its determination to combat terrorism. It is now imperative to place the Syrian Government at the core of counter-Da’esh efforts. As a full member of the coalition, Syria should no longer face restrictions or sanctions in the defence and security fields. The lifting of remaining sanctions would not only strengthen Syria’s counter- terrorism capacity but also support its economic recovery. Despite the many positive developments of the past 11 months, the path towards stability remains challenging. Risks to Syria’s territorial integrity and national unity persist. Ensuring security and stability in the country requires, first and foremost, an end to Israeli aggression and the integration of the so-called Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) into the central authority. Hardly a day passes without illegal actions into southern Syria, accompanied by unjustified calls for the demilitarization of almost the entire south. Today’s illegitimate visit is a case in point. Israel must reconsider policies that aim to keep Syria weak and fragmented. It is essential to bring stability and non-aggression to Syria’s south on the basis of the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces. On the humanitarian and economic fronts, urgent action is needed to improve living conditions and accelerate reconstruction. We find encouraging the International Monetary Fund’s observation that Syria’s economy is showing signs of recovery and improving prospects. At the same time, the recent World Bank assessment estimates Syria’s reconstruction needs at $216 billion, an amount no country can shoulder alone. A more coordinated and equitable international effort is indispensable. Türkiye will continue to support initiatives aimed at improving living standards and strengthening the institutional capacity necessary for a functioning market economy. These efforts are also closely linked to the broader humanitarian picture, including progress towards the safe, dignified and voluntary return of refugees. As of early November, approximately 550,000 Syrians have returned to Syria from Türkiye, safely and in a dignified and orderly manner. Türkiye continues to work closely with international organizations, particularly the United Nations, to ensure access to basic services for returnees and to support their reintegration. Türkiye will remain a committed partner to Syria in its pursuit of stability, unity, recovery and full integration into the international community.

I now give the floor to the representative of Israel.

We meet at a moment when many speak of a new chapter in our region. Syria finally stands free of Al-Assad’s tyrannical regime. The Iranian regime’s nuclear ambitions have been pushed back. Hizbullah’s military infrastructure has been severely fractured. This moment did not arrive by chance. Israel is proud to have played a role in creating the conditions that make this opportunity possible. Now, we hear words we have long hoped to hear from the new Government: words of reconstruction, renewal, even peace. Israel welcomes that hope. We want to believe Syria is ready for a future built on stability rather than violence, on coexistence rather than conflict. But hope alone is not a strategy. If we want to realize this hope, Syria must prove it through actions, not just words, softer language or new slogans, but the hard, steady work that peace demands. Even now, as some in Damascus speak of renewal, the blood of innocent minorities continues to stain Syrian soil. In March, more than 1,400 people were killed in a wave of violence in the north-west. The massacre involved brutal executions and humiliating abuse, including elderly men forced to crawl and bark like animals before being shot. Most of the victims were Alawite civilians. In July, southern Syria saw the brutal targeting of the Druze community, with homes burned and families murdered. For Israel, the Druze are not strangers. They are our brothers, our sisters, bound to us by deep historic and national ties. Their safety is our concern. We were proud to have acted with precision and solidarity to prevent further slaughter. Let us be clear, this is not only about shared history or ties. It is about moral clarity. It is about responding to evil when others look away. It is about recognizing that the same hatred and evil that drives the murder of Druze families in Suwayda, in Syria, are the same ideologies that led to the 7 October 2023 massacre, the same radical extremism, the same contempt for innocent life, the same weaponization of religion and resentment. That is a reality that Israel faces across the fence with Syria. Israel’s presence there is not about territory. It is about protection. We raise a shield only when danger approaches. Only when calm truly returns can we consider lowering that shield. The Council has heard Syria’s pledge of reform and reconciliation, but promises alone do not rebuild nations. Ambassador Olabi must show us that Syria is moving away from extremism and radicalism. He must show us that the protection of Christians and Druze is not an afterthought but a priority. He must show us that the militias are restrained, that justice is real and that the cycle of indiscriminate killings has ended. In recent weeks, President Ahmad Al-Sharaa has spoken of a new Syria. Nevertheless, just days ago, the Ministry of Culture of Syria issued this flier. It is in Arabic, but members can read it in English: an official invitation from the Ministry of Culture to celebrate the massacre of 7 October 2023. When a Government speaks of renewal but glorifies a massacre on its own letterhead, it can be understood why we are cautious. It makes one wonder whether the promise of change is real. If Syria truly seeks a new beginning, let it begin with action, not excuses, with accountability, not denial. Ambassador Olabi represents a Syria that says it wants stability and reintegration. If that is true, then he must lead it. He must demonstrate, through action, that this time Syria chooses responsibility over rhetoric. This is his moment. He must seize it. Our region is changing. Nations are choosing cooperation over conflict, prosperity over propaganda. The momentum is real. This is a moment for Damascus to demonstrate seriousness, to build transparent accountability mechanisms, to end sectarian terror, to show every community — Druze, Alawite, Kurdish, Christian — that their lives matter equally. The question now is not whether Syria hopes for peace, but whether Syria is willing to prove it.

I now give the floor to the representative of Morocco.

I am honoured to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of Arab States. I take this opportunity to express our congratulations to Sierra Leone on assuming the presidency of the Security Council. We express our deep appreciation to you, Mr. President, for your able leadership of the deliberations of the Council this month. The Arab Group welcomes the adoption of resolution 2799 (2025). We express our deep gratitude to the penholder, the United States, for its extensive efforts during the drafting. We also appreciate the constructive engagement of Council members on this resolution, which is an important opportunity to strengthen the national institutions of Syria and to build a foundation for a new era, built on the rule of law, that gives priority to the safety, security and development of Syrian citizens. This positive momentum is an opportunity to stress that the Arab Group stands alongside Syria and its people in moving forward on the path of development and prosperity. This important resolution is a way for Syria to overcome this critical period fraught with challenges. In this delicate context, the Arab Group stresses that it is committed to the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Syria. We categorically reject any foreign interference in its internal affairs and any attempt to impose agendas that do not serve the interests of the brotherly Syrian people. The dynamics in the Syrian Arab Republic today compel us to mobilize efforts and to forge an international comprehensive response to advance humanitarian action and to further finance the humanitarian response plan, which is still suffering from a significant deficit. This adversely affects the ability of United Nations agencies to provide assistance to Syrians in the country and abroad. In the same context, the Arab Group values the vital role played by host countries as they hosted Syrian refugees. We call upon the international community to expand the support provided to the host countries. The host countries cannot take on this burden alone, on behalf of the international community, until the refugees return to their homeland. Our Group stresses the importance of providing urgent humanitarian assistance, but that is not enough. It is important to lift all economic sanctions on Syria. They deepen the suffering and obstruct recovery, reconstruction and development. In that regard, we welcome the statements made by a number of international actors on lifting sanctions. We believe that these steps are preliminary positive steps to be complemented by fully and immediately lifting economic measures that affect the lives of civilians and obstruct reconstruction. We commend resolution 2799 (2025), which is a cornerstone for providing the legal and institutional means to the Syrian Arab Republic to overcome the challenges that it is facing, especially political, security and economic challenges. The Arab Group stresses that supporting Syria at this critical juncture is a moral and political commitment for the international community. We call for providing effective technical and institutional support. We call for providing flexible assistance that helps Syria to recover; to rebuild the country; to ensure the safe, voluntary and dignified return of refugees; and to ensure societal peace and economic stability. We welcome the various visits by diplomats on the Syrian file. The international community believes in the resourcefulness and the potential of Syria to promote its economy and development in order for it to assume its rightful status among nations. We stress that the stability and security of Syria is an integral part of the security of the region and the world. Safeguarding the unity of Syria and its national institutions is the best tool to combat terrorism and to thwart any foreign plots to destabilize the region. In that context, we highly condemn the repeated Israeli violations and attacks on Syrian territories. We stress that the Israeli occupation of the occupied Syrian Golan is illegal. We call on Israel to immediately and unconditionally withdraw from the Golan, in accordance with the relevant Security Council resolutions, especially resolution 497 (1981). The Arab Group calls upon the Security Council to continue to shoulder its responsibility to maintain and support the peace process and to provide all forms of support to the Syrian people in its pursuit of peace, stability and development.

Let me take this opportunity to further thank all rule 37 participants for their statements. As always, the Chamber must remain a place of respect and diplomacy. The representative of the Syrian Arab Republic has asked for the floor to make a further statement. I now give him the floor.

I will be speaking in English, as some countries are very good at erecting barriers. I therefore hope to reduce one barrier today — the language barrier — by speaking directly in English in response to the statement made by the representative of Israel. I am very glad that we have arrived at the theme of proving. And if the Ambassador had been here during the Council meeting, he would have heard from Member States It has done so, first and foremost, not just as a response to the international community, but because the issues that we would like to prove are Syrian needs, first and foremost. The proving, however, seems to be on the shoulders of Israel. Israel has struck Syria more than 1,000 times and has conducted incursions. We have responded with requests for diplomacy. We have engaged in constructive talks. We have cited United Nations resolutions. We have responded with zero signs of aggression towards Israel. And while we are very grateful to the United States for all its efforts to facilitate talks for us, we have engaged constructively, and we still wait for Israel to do the same. As for internal affairs, we have also proven ourselves — again, out of conscience — in response to the horrific attacks. We have let the United Nations in, something that is quite unprecedented in our region, as the Council knows very well. We have drawn up road maps. We held public trials today, which the Council would have heard about, of those who committed massacres. But I say those things in response to the Syrian people, first and foremost. And the Druze community is an integral part of Syria. I am not sure if the Council is aware, but there are Ministers in the Government Cabinet who are of Druze descent. We have drawn up a road map with the United States and Jordan to address those issues. There are Druze in Idlib, Druze in Damascus, and so on. But the intervention by Israel has actually exacerbated the sectarian and historical tensions and made Druze more susceptible to pressure and sectarian violence, which we are currently protecting them from. The Ambassador brought with him a post from X, but I wish technology would one day allow him to also bring the “Community Notes” that X attached to that post when it circulated, because the “Community Notes” clearly indicated that it was part of disinformation and was not accurate, it was not an official event. We have made very clear commitments that Syria will not be a place for hate speech or a place for threatening any country of the region. I fear that the fears that the Israeli Ambassador talks about will become a self-fulfilling prophecy. The reason he talks about insecurity in the south is because, when the Government tried to access the south to control the matter, we got bombed. We lost people when we tried to access the south and to be able to control the situation of which he speaks. Therefore, in order for us to be able to protect the south and to protect our borders, like any country should be able to do, we must reach a security agreement. Since 8 December 2024, we have engaged constructively, and we once again thank the United States for the facilitation of those talks. We have proved ourselves to the Syrian people, to our region, to our allies and to the new countries we are engaging with. Will Israel do the same? It remains to be seen.

The representative of Israel has asked for the floor to make a further statement. I now give him the floor.

Indeed, we agree about our concerns regarding the minorities and security. We have learned our lesson from Lebanon. We will not allow militias to be at the border. We ignored it in Lebanon, and we saw what happened with the presence of Hizbullah. That is why we are determined not to make that mistake again. However, Ambassador, Israel is a peaceful nation. We have proved it. We spoke about facts. We signed peace treaties with Egypt, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Morocco, Bahrain and the Sudan. Insha’allah, we will sign a peace treaty with Syria, but we have to address the issues of security and the security of the minorities in Syria. I think that is the only way to move forward.