S/PV.10132 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representative of Serbia to participate in this meeting. On behalf of the Council, I welcome His Excellency Mr. Marko Đurić, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite Mr. Peter Due, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite Mr. Glauk Konjufca to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I also invite His Excellency Mr. Stavros Lambrinidis, Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations, to participate in this meeting. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I give the floor to Mr. Due. Mr. Due: It is an honour to brief the Security Council on Kosovo after having assumed my duties three months ago. I previously served in Pristina in 1999 and 2000 and in Belgrade from 2013 to 2015. I have returned to a region that has made remarkable progress through reforms, dialogue and the efforts of a new generation determined to move beyond divisions. However, significant challenges remain. I arrived in early January, at a moment of optimism that Kosovo could move forward after the political stalemate of 2025. The legislative elections held at the end of December were conducted in a peaceful and inclusive atmosphere. They reflected the broad participation of all communities. The swift constitution of the Assembly and the timely formation of a government pointed to a trajectory of stability and progress. That momentum, however, was tested during the process of electing a new President of Kosovo, which has not yet been completed. On 25 March, the Constitutional Court decided that the Assembly still had 34 days to elect a President. Let us hope that differences can be bridged, that a new President can be elected and that new legislative elections can be avoided. This would help ensure that the institutions remain focused on the broader public interest and people’s needs. Democratic processes often touch people’s lives most directly at the local level. I commend the active participation of all communities in the municipal elections held in October and November and the timely establishment of local government administrations across Kosovo. In northern Kosovo, the return of Kosovo Serb mayors marked an important step towards their re-engagement in local institutions. At the same time, this process has not been without challenges. In my recent meetings with some of these mayors, I heard concerns about incomplete handovers, administrative gaps and language barriers. These are not merely technical issues; they directly affect the ability of municipalities to respond effectively to the needs of their communities. I welcome recent efforts to strengthen cooperation between central institutions and municipal leaders in the north, and I encourage continued dialogue. Questions have also arisen regarding the balance between municipal competencies and law enforcement responsibilities. Respect for the framework of local self-government remains essential to build trust and ensure effective governance. At the same time, positive steps are being taken. I welcome efforts by the Kosovo Police to revitalize community policing in northern Kosovo, which can contribute to strengthening trust and enhancing public safety. Ensuring that police institutions reflect the diversity of the communities they serve — also at senior levels — remains equally important. From the outset, I have sought to establish an open and constructive working relationship with as many people and communities as possible and, guided by resolution 1244 (1999), to focus the efforts of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) on supporting dialogue and engagement, especially where the daily lives of people across communities are affected. I hope to have a regular and sustained dialogue with the authorities in both Belgrade and Pristina, despite their divergent views, including on the work of UNMIK. I welcome the recent progress in the dialogue facilitated by the European Union (EU), aimed at the normalization of relations between Belgrade and Pristina, and I commend the European Union and its Special The convening in Brussels of the Joint Commission on Missing Persons for the first time in a trilateral format in January marked an important step forward. I encourage the parties to sustain their engagement in close cooperation with the Working Group on Missing Persons. I also commend the EU and Belgrade and Pristina for identifying, in March, a constructive way forward to implement the law on foreigners. This should help ensure uninterrupted access to education and healthcare while contributing to an environment conducive to advancing dialogue, trust and stability. These positive developments facilitated by the EU show that progress is possible through sustained engagement. It is important that Belgrade and Pristina build on this momentum by advancing the implementation of existing agreements, including the establishment of the Association/Community of Serb-Majority Municipalities. I hope that a high-level meeting between President Vučić and Prime Minister Kurti can take place in the near future. Dialogue, trust and accountability remain the cornerstones of lasting peace and security in the region. I reiterate the call of the Secretary-General for full cooperation by the authorities in Belgrade and Pristina to ensure that all those responsible for the attacks in Banjskë in 2023 and on the Ibar-Lepenac/Ibër-Lepenc water canal in 2024 are held accountable. I urge both sides to work together through mutually agreed mechanisms in pursuit of justice. Kosovo has a dynamic civic space. This requires a media environment that safeguards the independence of journalists, free from political or other forms of pressure. We trust that attacks against journalists are promptly investigated and prosecuted. Strengthening accountability would also contribute to safeguarding media freedoms and preventing any erosion of the broader information space in Kosovo. Members of non-majority communities continue to raise concerns related to equality and non-discrimination, access to justice and basic services, and freedom of expression. Issues related to property rights remain particularly sensitive and require sustained attention. Full implementation of Kosovo’s language laws is also central to promoting inclusion and social cohesion. Recent steps to strengthen the use of official languages in judicial proceedings are encouraging. I also welcome the recent advertisement of the post of language commissioner, which has been vacant for more than a year. A timely appointment will help ensure that all communities can fully exercise their rights and effectively engage with institutions. Trust among communities and between communities and institutions allows progress, dialogue and cooperation to take root. Even in the face of financial constraints, building trust remains a priority of UNMIK. We pursue this hand in hand with the United Nations Kosovo team, as well as local and international partners, through targeted initiatives that bring communities together. The Barabar Centre, a multi-ethnic space in the heart of Pristina, is one example. I have also witnessed and been impressed by other projects, such as a mobile laboratory that brings science, technology, engineering and mathematics education to girls from communities in rural areas; an initiative that brings together youth across Kosovo to explore cultural heritage and share experiences; and an award-winning documentary entitled “The Divided City of Mitrovica”. Throughout its engagements, the Mission aims to advance the meaningful participation of women and young people in political processes as part of a broader commitment to foster a culture of peace, where participation is inclusive, where voices are heard and where every community sees itself reflected in the path forward. UNMIK is not immune to the financial crisis facing the Organization. The Mission has recently implemented a contingency plan reducing encumbered positions by almost 30 per cent. Furthermore, in line with the recommendations of the civilian staffing review conducted in late 2025 and reflected in UNMIK’s proposed budget for 2026–2027, the Mission has adjusted its operations and will continue to pursue efficiencies, with a view to maximizing available resources in support of mandate implementation. Finally, I am grateful to the members of the Council for the welcome they have extended to me and for their continued commitment to peace, stability and cooperation in Kosovo.

I thank Mr. Due for his briefing. I now give the floor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia.

Allow me, at the outset, to thank Secretary-General António Guterres, as well as his Special Representative, Peter Due, for the report presented and for their continued engagement in the implementation of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) mandate, in accordance with resolution 1244 (1999). The Republic of Serbia remains particularly grateful to all members of the Mission. The presence of UNMIK continues to serve as a key guarantee of peace, stability and the protection of fundamental human rights of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija. At a time when calls are being made to reduce UNMIK’s budget and alter its mandate, the Republic of Serbia sends a clear and unequivocal message: the presence and role of this Mission should not be weakened; it should be strengthened. Let me be absolutely clear. In the current circumstances, UNMIK is not only relevant, it is indispensable. Its mandate, grounded in resolution 1244 (1999), has not been fully implemented. This is not a technical matter. It is a matter that directly affects the safety, rights and daily lives of people on the ground. The Republic of Serbia remains firmly committed to supporting such a role. Any discussion about its future must be guided strictly by realities on the ground, not by assumptions that may not correspond to the lived experience of communities. At a time of growing global uncertainty and multiple crises across different regions, it is particularly important that the Security Council remain anchored in facts, in law and in a clear understanding of developments on the ground. In that context, UNMIK continues to play a stabilizing role, not only through reporting but also through its very presence. Its mandate under resolution 1244 (1999) remains essential for ensuring impartial oversight, especially as unilateral actions risk undermining the frail balance achieved over the years. Today, I address the Security Council not only as a representative of the Republic of Serbia but also as a voice for those who live their lives with fear, insecurity and constant pressure in Kosovo and Metohija. The oppression of a community does not happen overnight. It unfolds in recognizable stages. These stages can, unfortunately, be clearly observed in the position of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija today. I stand before Council members today not to win an argument but to contribute to solving a problem. Let me say clearly from the outset: Serbia is not part of the problem; we are part of the solution. I also speak as a voice for those who feel intimidated — for the mothers and daughters of those wrongly detained and for those who are labeled, marginalized and pressured simply for who they are. What we are witnessing is not a series of isolated developments. It reflects a broader and deeply concerning pattern. This is a question of principle. In many ways, this pattern carries troubling similarities to dynamics that preceded serious conflict in the past. These circumstances are not incidental or identical, but the trajectory should not be ignored. When rights are gradually eroded, when pressure becomes normalized, instability does not appear suddenly; it builds step by step, decision by decision. As Martin Luther King Jr. reminded us, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” This is why what we are discussing today is not only a national or regional issue. It is also a matter that speaks directly to the capability of international norms, to the protection of human rights and to the responsibility we all share in preventing instability before it escalates. The international community has invested decades in building mechanisms to protect minorities and uphold the rule of law in post-conflict settings. Allowing these mechanisms to be bypassed sets a dangerous precedent far beyond the western Balkans. I will speak briefly about these stages that are unfolding. In the first stage, identity becomes a reason to live in fear. We are witnessing a reality in which identity itself has become a source of insecurity. Under policies pursued by the government of Mr. Albin Kurti, Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija are being increasingly marked out as “the other”. Their identity is used as a basis for limiting the rights of Kosovo Serbs, for restricting their movement and for targeting their homes, property and religious sites. Arbitrary arrests, attacks and administrative pressure are not isolated incidents. They form a systemic pattern of marginalization that we cannot and must not ignore. The United Nations was not created to remain silent in the face of injustice. Its role is to ensure respect for international law and to protect those individuals and groups who are deprived of their rights. For that very reason, what is happening in Kosovo and Metohija today is not merely a regional or a national issue. It is, as I said, a matter of shared responsibility and a test of the credibility of the rules-based international order. The facts are deeply concerning. Since the beginning of this year, new arrests and attacks have continued. These developments point not to coincidence but to a pattern of pressure and a climate of impunity. Serbs are facing restrictions on freedom of movement, arbitrary arrests, attacks on their property and the desecration of Christian religious sites. Attacks on the Christian Serbian Orthodox Church strike at the core of cultural and spiritual identity. Particularly concerning are the attempts to enter social healthcare and educational institutions, as they directly threaten the basic functions necessary for the survival of the community. Restrictions on freedom of movement are systemic, not incidental. Mr. Milorad Arlov, a well-known humanitarian worker from Banja Luka, is only one of countless examples of individuals who have been denied entry into Kosovo and Metohija. Even the Patriarch of the Serbian Christian Orthodox Church was prevented from visiting the seat of his church last year. These are not mere administrative hurdles. They represent a deliberate sign that certain identities are unwelcome or subject to conditional approval. This is not about procedure. This is about principle. These actions send a message that rights are conditional, that identity determines access and that even humanitarian work and religious duty can be obstructed. In 2025 alone, 137 ethnically motivated incidents were recorded. Since then, arrests, intimidation and attacks have continued, with reports of physical assaults, damage to property and verbal harassment persisting into 2026. We recall the shooting of Serbian boys in Štrpce on Orthodox Christmas — a deeply disturbing act that still resonates, precisely because accountability remains unclear and insufficiently demonstrated. Such incidents erode not only individual safety but also the collective sense of belonging for entire communities. At the same time, a series of coordinated measures have affected the daily lives of Serbs. The unilateral ban on the Serbian dinar still persists, disrupting economic life and forcing pensioners, families and small businesses into uncertainty as they struggle to access funds or conduct everyday transactions. Many elderly citizens still face long journeys to the administrative line in order to simply receive their pensions, turning what should be a routine matter into a source of hardship and humiliation. Systemic pressure on Serbian institutions for healthcare, education and social services leaves patients without reliable care and students uncertain about the continuity of their schooling in their mother tongue. Arrests raise serious concerns regarding due process and proportionality. The seizure of land in the north of Kosovo for monoethnic special police bases is often conducted without transparency and outside of agreed frameworks. These are not isolated decisions; they form a consistent pattern of pressure. To understand the full impact of these measures, one must look at how they affect everyday life. Economic restrictions translate into uncertainty for families and barriers for businesses. Parents worry about providing for their children. Teachers and doctors see their professional futures undermined. Institutional pressure affects access to healthcare, education and social protection. Legal uncertainty creates fear and discourages the return of those who were displaced. For many, this is not about politics. It is about whether they can live normally, raise their children and remain in their homes. When basic conditions for a dignified life are eroded, people leave not out of choice, but out of necessity. This gradual demographic shift, driven by sustained pressure rather than voluntary migration, risks fundamentally altering the multi-ethnic character of Kosovo and Metohija. This does not affect only Serbs. The Gorani community is facing increasing marginalization. The Bosniak community is being sidelined, with growing concerns about quiet assimilation. When multiple communities experience similar pressures, this becomes a structural issue that threatens the very fabric of coexistence. Once again, this is a question of principle. Over the past six months, the situation has deteriorated further. Instead of progress towards normalization, we are witnessing developments that deepen distrust and intensify insecurity. This raises a fundamental question: what kind of future can we expect in a society when people are targeted because of who they are and in which justice is not present? Without accountability, there can be no trust. Without trust, there can be no stability. Without stability, we cannot achieve lasting peace. In this particularly concerning environment, the report makes no reference to the quiet but persistent exodus of Serbs. Within a very short period of time, according to sources, approximately 20 per cent of the Serbian population has left Kosovo and Metohija under pressure. This is not a statistic; it is an exodus. It is our shared responsibility to stop it. The second stage is that of legal marginalization. The pressure we see today goes beyond physical threats. It is reinforced through policies and administrative decisions. Legislative initiatives such as the draft law on foreigners have caused deep concern among Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija. There was a real risk that people who have lived and worked there for decades could be treated as foreigners, losing their rights to residency, to work and even to remain in their homes. Such measures are not only legally questionable; they reflect a broader pattern of attempts to reshape realities through administrative means. At the same time, Serbs are facing increasing legal and administrative obstacles that make everyday life more difficult, from access to public services to the exercise of fundamental rights. Previously reached agreements are not being respected. More than 13 years have passed since the signing of the first basic Brussels Agreement, and it remains unimplemented. The key obligation undertaken by Pristina has not even come close to being fulfilled. The establishment of the community of Serb-majority municipalities has been delayed for nearly a decade and a half. This is not merely a matter of timing; it is a matter of credibility, trust and respect for commitments that have been formally undertaken. Without the implementation of what has already been agreed, it is difficult to speak about genuine progress or sustainable normalization. Kosovo Serbs are thus left without the legal framework that was guaranteed to them through the dialogue, undermining both the trust and the credibility of the process. There is also a deeper contradiction that must be addressed directly. Mr. Albin Kurti rose politically as a student activist, advocating rights and resisting what he described as oppression. Yet today, many on the ground experience his policies as restrictive, exclusionary and increasingly heavy-handed. This transformation raises serious questions about consistency in the application of democratic values. Leadership carries responsibility towards all communities, not only towards political supporters. When that responsibility is exercised selectively, institutions weaken and divisions deepen. We are also witnessing a recurring pattern: a crisis is created; we all invest time, energy and diplomatic effort to contain it; and then, when it is only partially reversed, we are expected to welcome that as progress. That is not genuine de-escalation. That is a cycle that consumes resources and erodes trust, and that pattern has real consequences. Serbia remains fully committed to the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue. However, as recent as yesterday, we saw another example of Mr. Albin Kurti visiting the north of Kosovo and once again bypassing and ignoring democratically elected Serb representatives and mayors. That is not engagement, but exclusion. If we speak honestly about the European Union-facilitated dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina, as I said, we remain fully committed to it. However, without implementing the existing obligations, it is not dialogue but stagnation. More than 13 years after the Brussels Agreement, we expect the Community of Serb-majority Municipalities to be formed immediately. Without this Community, the promised autonomy for the Serbs remains an unfulfilled promise, leaving them without the institutional protections necessary for long-term security and prosperity. We must also recall the Washington agreement, brokered by President Donald Trump in 2020. That approach was visionary. It placed economic cooperation at the centre, offering a pragmatic path forward. Instead of confrontation, it offered connection; instead of deadlock, it offered progress. That spirit should not be lost. Reviving elements of economic integration, freedom of movement and practical cooperation could unlock tangible benefits for all communities. The third stage is attacks on culture, religion and heritage. In addition to difficult security and living conditions, the Republic of Serbia must express particular concern regarding the continued targeting of the Serbian cultural and religious heritage. The desecration of religious sites and Christian cemeteries is not merely vandalism, but a direct attack on identity, dignity and fundamental human rights. Allow me to draw your attention to just one of many incidents — the stoning of a bus transporting Serbian Christian pilgrims in South Kosovska Mitrovica in September 2025. That was not a random act, but a targeted attack on individuals exercising their fundamental right to freedom of religion. When such incidents are not adequately reflected, we risk losing a full and accurate understanding of the situation on the ground. Protecting those rights is essential for reconciliation and confidence-building. We are witnessing an accelerated process of militarization in Kosovo and Metohija. The strengthening of the so-called Kosovo Security Force, accompanied by the acquisition of modern weapons, cannot be viewed as a neutral process, especially in the context of stagnating dialogue. It alters the security balance, increases uncertainty and raises the risk of escalation. Such developments, especially when conducted without transparency and without full respect for international obligations, undermine efforts to maintain stability and call into question the credibility of existing security mechanisms. Let me be clear that the Kosovo Force must remain the sole legitimate and credible security presence on the ground, fully in line with its mandate. At a time of growing global uncertainty and transformation of the international order, the frail stability in Kosovo and Metohija must not be put at risk. Combined with nontransparent cooperation with certain actors in the region, these developments raise serious concerns. All the stages clearly illustrate a pattern of actions pursued by the Pristina government. We are witnessing a deliberate approach in which crises are not accidental but created. Red lines are continuously pushed further by fuelling tensions and igniting situations on the ground. Then, those same crises are only partially deescalated, just enough to present an appearance of restraint. But let me be clear: the red lines are never returned to their original position; they are merely pulled back a few steps while the new reality remains altered. How do we break this cycle? First, by reaffirming the central role of the United Nations. For the Republic of Serbia, the United Nations remains the most relevant forum for ensuring justice and the international order, side by side, by supporting the European Union-facilitated dialogue. Secondly, we must learn to look to the future. We must move beyond outdated divisions and focus on opportunities for cooperation. Serbs and Albanians are not destined to remain in conflict; they are both peoples who must find ways to work together. There is space, particularly in economic cooperation, to build trust and create a shared future in which our region moves closer to the European Union, becomes part of a common market and offers our peoples stability, opportunity and dignity. To be very clear: instead of insults and accusations, we extend a hand of cooperation to the Albanian people. We do not believe that our peoples are destined for conflict. We believe that through dialogue, economic cooperation and mutual respect, a different future is possible. Once again, Serbia is not part of the problem; we are part of the solution. Serbia remains committed to to peace, to international law and to the full implementation of all agreements reached. The Republic of Serbia supports and will support UNMIK in its role in ensuring accountability and objective reporting, but sustainable normalization must be built through implementation, dialogue and trusts. Serbia stands ready to work constructively with all partners towards a comprehensive, mutually acceptable and lasting solution that respects the rights and security of all communities. Finally, without responsibility, there can be no justice; without justice, there can be no trust; and without trust, there can be no lasting peace.

I now give the floor to Mr. Konjufca. Mr. Konjufca: I have taken note of the report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, which provides a detailed summary of political developments in Kosova, although there are some controversial and biased elements that do not accurately reflect events on the ground. I will keep my remarks brief, as I understand that the Council has other, more urgent, matters and crises to address. The Republic of Kosova continues to thrive as a stable democracy, with functioning institutions, consistent economic growth and professional police and security forces. It conforms to the highest standards of human rights and community rights, which are guaranteed by the Constitution, while demonstrating resilience against external challenges and ever-expanding global crises. Since our most recent debate (see S/PV.9894), we have held fair and democratic elections at both the local and national levels, once again showing that Kosova has built democratic and independent institutions capable of maintaining stability and upholding liberal standards. The newly formed government will continue its ambitious reform programme to make Kosova more prosperous, secure and integrated with the wider world. However, Belgrade has continued to play a disruptive role by attempting to interfere in elections and trying to impose the Belgrade-backed Serbian List on the local Serb community in Kosova, aiming to mirror Serbian authoritarian and oneparty rule. Thanks to our determination and our partners’ support, we have successfully prevented such foreign interference and preserved the integrity of our democratic institutions. We are a peace-loving nation and have never interfered in the internal affairs of other States. Despite Serbia’s aggression and continued hybrid threats against our institutions and society, Kosova remains ready to normalize inter-State and neighbourly relations. However, the obstacle to peace and to the normalization of relations remains Serbia, which is interested neither in normalizing relations with Kosova nor in joining the European Union (EU). It is trying to deny our region muchneeded stability, prosperity and full integration into the Euro-Atlantic structures. We call on Serbia to come to terms with reality, recognize Kosova as a sovereign and independent State and stop holding its society and the entire region hostage to aspirations of regaining regional hegemony. While the report on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) accurately recognizes Kosova’s efforts to normalize relations with Serbia, it overlooks the stabilizing effect of our constructive minority integration efforts in the northern part of Kosova. The effective functioning of a society relies on social cohesion and integration within a shared legal and political framework. This is a framework that many here in the Security Council operate within when it comes to minority protection. Our efforts in the northern part of Kosova to provide security and address threats are aimed at ensuring a safe and stable environment for all citizens of Kosova, regardless of their ethnic background, so that our citizens can live in peace and free from pressure from illegal Serbian structures. It is in this spirit that we have undertaken measures to integrate and harmonize municipal health, education and other public services in Serb-populated areas with those of the government of Kosova. Kosova has one of the most advanced minority protection frameworks in Europe. Our concerns remain, however, that Serbia and other malign actors continue to weaponize minority rights and exploit the multi-ethnic character of Kosova to promote division and disorder and to undermine our democratic institutions and peaceful coexistence. The report only briefly mentions the discovery of illegal weapons in this part of Kosova but does not adequately assess the constructive efforts and proportionate measures taken by the Kosova Police and our governmental institutions to preserve peace and normalcy in this part of the country. Similarly, the UNMIK report highlights several isolated and local incidents, which are currently being investigated by Kosova’s professional police, but fails to mention Belgrade’s hybrid threats to obstruct peace and hinder the integration of the Serb community. In particular, the report does not sufficiently cover the case of the armed and terrorist attacks in Banjskë in September 2023, which remain a great concern for us. Like the EU and NATO, the Republic of Kosova has continuously called for the establishment of accountability over the past three years. Belgrade has ordered and trained and now protects the main perpetrators of this terrorism and aggression, including Milan Radoičić, who at the time of the attacks was Vice-President of the Belgrade-backed Serbian List in Kosova. We cannot trust Serbia, and we cannot expect to normalize relations without clear accountability and assurances of nonaggression. Equally, had the UNMIK report been more balanced and accurate, it would have reported on developments in the region, in particular the authoritarian and destructive Serbian approach, as evidenced by increased armament, military escalation rhetoric, a disinformation campaign and the administrative ethnic cleansing of Albanians in the three municipalities of Preševo, Bujanovac and Medveđa. Despite these challenges, Kosova was recognized in 2025 by four additional United Nations members, namely, Kenya, the Sudan, Syria and The Bahamas. We look forward to establishing and strengthening diplomatic and political relations with them. We are grateful to all 121 States Members of the United Nations that have formally recognized the independence and statehood of the Republic of Kosova. I call upon the remaining States Members of the United Nations, without further delay, to recognize Kosova as an independent and sovereign State and to open pathways for new friendships and cooperation for mutual benefit. The key to peace and stability in the Balkans remains recognition of Kosova by all EU and NATO member States. Regarding the rule of law and human rights, I think that the UNMIK report does not sufficiently cover the efforts by the government of Kosova to combat corruption and only briefly mentions our efforts to promote transitional justice and deliver justice to victims through war crimes trials. However, the inclusion of an extensive annex on the Kosova Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor’s Office constitutes a mischaracterization of their legal nature and an overextension of UNMIK’s reporting authority. The Specialist Chambers are not a creation of resolution 1244 (1999). They were not established by the Council, do not derive authority from it and do not fall within UNMIK’s mandate. The Specialist Chambers were established through a constitutional amendment adopted by the Parliament of Kosova. Their legal foundation derives from a bilateral exchange of letters between Kosova and the European Union. They are a product of Kosova’s sovereign legal order, created through democratic legislative processes and supported through partnership with the European Union. The Specialist Chambers should report to the Parliament of Kosova. Likewise, the presence of the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo is based on agreements with Kosovan institutions and must be understood within that framework. Ongoing efforts to present Kosova institutions within a status-neutral or United Nations-derived framework are unacceptable. Let me conclude by sharing our long-standing view, shared also by many Council members here, that UNMIK’s mandate is completed and that United Nations resources and staff would be better used elsewhere to address other pressing crises and conflicts. Kosova is now an independent, sovereign and democratic State that has achieved normalcy and functionality, a sufficient benchmark for UNMIK to exit. As demonstrated by our recent involvement with the Board of Peace, which was established by President Trump and other partners, Kosova is ready to contribute to peace and stability in other parts of the world as well, such as through the International Stabilization Force for Gaza, which was mandated by resolution 2803 (2025) in November. The focus should not be on having the United Nations in Kosovo through UNMIK, but on admitting Kosovo into the United Nations. We believe that UNMIK should be transformed into an office that would facilitate Kosovo’s full membership in the United Nations and its agencies, programmes and treaty bodies. This would be a more sustainable way to use United Nations resources rather than attempting to establish a role where none exists.

I thank Mr. Konjufca for his briefing. I now give the floor to those members of the Council who wish to make statements.

I would like to thank the Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), Mr. Peter Due, for his briefing. I would also like to extend my greetings to the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Diaspora of Kosovo, Mr. Glauk Konjufca, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia, Mr. Marko Đurić, and Ambassador Stavros Lambrinidis, Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations, who are also with us today. Colombia welcomes the progress made in forming a new government in Kosovo following the recent elections and expresses its confidence that, in the light of the political developments of 2025, the institutions will continue to consolidate and contribute to democratic stability in the country. Colombia also welcomes the recent announcements regarding civil registration and the implementation of the Law on Foreigners in Kosovo as an important step towards fulfilling the agreements reached within the framework of the European Union-facilitated dialogue on mutual understanding. We acknowledge the efforts being made by various stakeholders to reduce tensions, build trust and promote the recognition and inclusion of all communities in Kosovo. The current work of UNMIK remains important in supporting these efforts, in coordination with other actors such as the European Union. Political dialogue must be supported by a sustained commitment from both sides, based on good faith and respect for the commitments made, in order to move towards stable and lasting solutions that benefit all communities living in the region. In this regard, we encourage the continued establishment of greater opportunities for dialogue between communities and civil society as a tool to foster trust and mutual understanding, in coordination with the relevant institutions, reflecting Kosovo’s ethnic diversity as an indispensable asset for social cohesion and peaceful coexistence. We welcome the recent progress made in the search for missing persons. In particular, we highlight the value of establishing the truth and preserving the memory of crimes related to enforced disappearances as a step towards reconciliation, a duty owed to the victims and the foundation for building more inclusive societies, with the ultimate aim of consolidating a lasting peace. Colombia welcomes the progress made in implementing the women and peace and security agenda, and commends the efforts to promote the full, equal, meaningful and safe participation of women in peacebuilding and social cohesion processes. Furthermore, my country acknowledges the progress made on the youth, peace and security agenda, in particular the work aimed at ensuring the active inclusion of young people in these processes. In this regard, we encourage the authorities to continue to incorporate broader and more meaningful participation by women and young people in the process, in line with the observations of the Secretary-General in his most recent report. We hope that both agendas will continue to be strengthened through greater inclusion across the country and through the ongoing guarantee of rights and freedoms for the entire population. In conclusion, Colombia emphasizes the need to consolidate concrete progress on the ground by fulfilling the commitments made in 2023 and by strengthening institutions and the rule of law. This will be essential to continue establishing conditions that reduce tensions, build trust between communities and lay a solid foundation for lasting stability in the region.

I thank Special Representative Peter Due for his briefing today. The United States remains committed to supporting stability in Kosovo and Serbia. We, like each of them, know that this peace and stability matters for both countries and for the future of a more prosperous Western Balkans. We know and appreciate the fact that the people of Kosovo and the people of Serbia are our friends. They deserve a future defined by security, economic opportunity and neighbourly relations, not by political tension or recycled grievances. Therefore, our message to Minister Đurić and Minister Konjufca is simple. The only durable path forward is normalization. President Trump and the American people are listening carefully today for them to clearly commit to working and prospering together. We hope, Prime Minister Kurti and President Vučić, that both sides will lower the temperature, avoid escalation and stay engaged at the table. The United States is committed to partnering closely with leaders that look to the future instead of to the past, with a genuine dialogue instead of theatre. The American people also are watching to see what this body does with the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). The Council has a fundamental responsibility to those who fund it and those it deploys to ensure that missions are actively engaged in essential operations and that they remain faithful to the purposes for which they were created. On that test, UNMIK no longer measures up. UNMIK was established in 1999 under resolution 1244 (1999), in the aftermath of conflict and displacement in Kosovo, to provide an interim international civil presence and help to stabilize a dangerous post-war environment. That was a different moment, a different mission and a different Kosovo. That is not the reality on the ground today. There is no justification for treating Kosovo in 2026 as though it were still the Kosovo of 1999. Today, the Kosovo Force helps to maintain security in the region. The European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe work to uphold rule of law and strengthen Kosovo’s institutions. The European Union Special Representative, Mr. Peter Sørensen, leads on the Pristina and Belgrade Dialogue. UNMIK no longer plays a meaningful governance, military or mediation role. It is not addressing an active peacekeeping crisis, it is not a security guarantor on the ground, and it is not advancing normalization. Many of the functions it still retains on paper are better handled by other organizations. Yet this Mission remains. Why is that? In a world of real crises needing our attention, from Ukraine to Iran, Haiti and the Sudan, the American people, and frankly all those who fund this Mission, are right to ask a simple question: what exactly are we still paying for? UNMIK today has a civilian footprint of roughly 300 personnel and only eight total military officers. In a phrase, it is an overstaffed, overfunded peacekeeping mission without peacekeepers. We welcome the Secretary-General’s proposed reductions to UNMIK’s budget for the upcoming peacekeeping financial year. They are a step in the right direction, but they do not go far enough. That is just an 8.6 per cent reduction, which totals about $4 million in savings. Modest trims are not the same as real reform. Until the Council reaches agreement to close UNMIK, the Mission should be streamlined further, its staffing reduced further and its residual functions formally transferred to the institutions and entities that are not only better suited to carrying them out but are already doing so. When a mission has fulfilled its purpose, its mandate should end — what a concept. In fact, one of the clearest signs of dysfunction in the United Nations system is that we are too often unable to act when the moment calls for it and when success calls for it. A mission that never ends is not a success story; it is a warning sign. The Security Council should not measure effectiveness by how long a mission survives; it should measure effectiveness by whether peace has become durable and institutions capable and the mission is no longer needed. In Kosovo, the answer is clear. The conditions on the ground, the capabilities of local institutions and the stable presence of other actors, especially those from the European Union, all point in the same direction: UNMIK has reached the end of the road. And if the Council is serious about credibility, discipline and reform, then we should act like it.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo welcomes the convening of this meeting on the situation in Kosovo. We welcome the presence of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia, His Excellency Mr. Marko Đurić, and we thank Mr. Peter Due, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), for his briefing. We also welcome the presence of the representative of the European Union. The Democratic Republic of the Congo would like to commend the ongoing efforts of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, the work of which remains an important factor in facilitating dialogue, building trust between the parties and contributing to a more stable environment. My delegation reaffirms its commitment to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, in particular respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States, which remain the foundation of the international order, as enshrined in and defined by, in the context of Kosovo, resolution 1244 (1999). This resolution constitutes the legal framework of reference for the Security Council’s consideration of this issue and the basis for the United Nations commitment to a lasting settlement based on dialogue and respect for international law. The recent developments described in the Secretary-General’s report reflect a mixed picture: while the security situation remains generally calm, it nonetheless remains fragile, against a backdrop of persistent political uncertainty and localized tensions. This situation underscores the need to strengthen the predictability and stability of the political framework, the consolidation of which is an essential prerequisite for any lasting progress. It therefore calls for a measured approach, based on a rigorous assessment of the conditions on the ground, and precludes any premature conclusions regarding the lasting consolidation of stability. That is why the Democratic Republic of the Congo believes that UNMIK remains fully relevant, particularly in the exercise of its facilitation and mediation role but also in the protection of communities’ rights given the fragility of the security and social fabric. However, peacekeeping operations cannot be artificially scaled back or withdrawn until the root causes of instability have been completely eradicated. Indeed, any hasty or insufficiently prepared reconfiguration would risk introducing new vulnerabilities into an environment that remains sensitive. The Democratic Republic of the Congo supports efforts to normalize relations between Serbia and Kosovo. In this regard, my country welcomes the progress made in the dialogue between the two capitals, facilitated by the European Union. Although progress has been made, these gains should be consolidated in order to ensure lasting de-escalation, restore trust and accelerate the normalization of relations between the parties. Peace cannot be considered secure in the long term until it is fully and equitably felt by all sections of the population. The protection of communities must remain at the heart of any sustainable approach to stabilization. Indeed, the Democratic Republic of the Congo believes that any measure affecting communities on the ground, particularly in areas with a Serb majority, should be carried out with caution, in a spirit of inclusion, consultation and preservation of essential services. It is important for the legitimate concerns of the populations involved to be heard and addressed responsibly. In this regard, the progress made in managing humanitarian issues, particularly those relating to missing persons, must be encouraged, as it helps to restore trust and support reconciliation efforts. In conclusion, the Democratic Republic of the Congo reaffirms the need to prioritize an approach based on respect for established frameworks, an objective assessment of the realities on the ground and the pursuit of sincere dialogue between the parties. Only under these conditions can the elements of lasting stability be brought together, for the benefit of all the communities concerned, in particular the Serb communities in Kosovo.

I welcome the presence of the Serbian Minister for Foreign Affairs, His Excellency Mr. Đurić, at today’s meeting and thank Special Representative Due for his briefing. The Kosovo issue is related to the peace and stability of the Balkans and the entire European region, and the harmonious coexistence of all ethnic communities in Kosovo and the early political settlement of the Kosovo issue is in the common interests of all parties. In the light of the recent developments and the briefings we just heard, I would like to make three points. First, dialogue and consultation represent the right way to resolve the Kosovo issue. At the beginning of the year, the European Union (EU) organized a meeting between Serbia and Kosovo on missing persons, at which a consensus was reached. Recently, the EU has also carried out extensive mediation between Serbia and Kosovo. China commends the EU’s efforts and encourages the two sides to maintain pragmatic and constructive engagement and to strive to bridge gaps and divides. The 2013 First Agreement of Principles Governing the Normalization of Relations, or Brussels Agreement, clearly provides for the establishment of an association of Serbmajority municipalities, and the Kosovo authorities should implement the relevant commitments as soon as possible. Secondly, the harmonious coexistence of all ethnic communities is a fundamental prerequisite for stability in Kosovo. China notes that the Kosovo authorities have recently promulgated the Law on Foreigners and the Law on Vehicles and have begun integrating Serb education and healthcare institutions into the Kosovo system. China also notes that the European Union has reached agreement with with the Kosovo authorities on a series of measures to facilitate the implementation of the Law on Foreigners. The Kosovo authorities should fully consider the rights, interests and concerns of the Serb community, enhance dialogue and consultation with the community, improve its situation, promote national unity and mutual trust and remove obstacles to the relevant dialogue so as to create conditions for social stability. Thirdly, the presence of the United Nations is a strong guarantee for resolving the Kosovo issue. For a long time, UNMIK has played an important role in maintaining stability in Kosovo and promoting national reconciliation, among other tasks. The United Nations and the Council should continue to focus on the Kosovo issue and provide UNMIK with adequate political and budgetary support. The Kosovo authorities should effectively guarantee the safety and security of UNMIK personnel and premises and facilitate the smooth delivery of its mandate. China’s position on the Kosovo issue has been clear and consistent. We support the parties concerned in working within the framework of resolution 1244 (1999) to reach a mutually acceptable political solution through genuine dialogue. In this process, the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Serbia should be fully respected.

I thank Mr. Due, Special Representative of the Secretary- General and Head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), for his informative briefing. I also welcome the presence of the ministers from Serbia and Kosovo in the Council, as well as the participation of the Head of the Delegation of the European Union (EU) at today’s meeting. I take this opportunity to extend our congratulations to the Special Representative on his appointment and express our confidence in his continued success and leadership as he takes on his new role. UNMIK continues to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts in close coordination with the Kosovo Force (KFOR) and the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) while supporting stability and fostering dialogue among the communities in Kosovo. I shall make the following points in that regard. Greece welcomes the progress achieved by Serbia and Kosovo within the EUfacilitated dialogue, with the conclusion of the negotiations for the implementation of the 2023 Declaration on Missing Persons and the agreement reached towards the operationalization of the Joint Commission on Missing Persons. We commend both parties for their commitment to advancing progress on an issue of the utmost humanitarian importance, with significant implications for lasting reconciliation and trust between the communities. There is no sustainable path for Serbia and Kosovo other than the normalization of their bilateral relations within the established framework of the European Union-facilitated dialogue. Greece remains fully engaged in supporting the efforts of the EU Special Representative for the Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue, Mr. Sørensen. Both parties must enhance their efforts in this direction and engage in a sincere and constructive negotiation for the full implementation of the Brussels-Ohrid agreements without conditionalities. We also stress the importance of a trilateral high-level meeting of the dialogue under the chairmanship of EU High Representative Kallas, as a political signal to advance the normalization process of bilateral relations, foster mutual trust and achieve concrete outcomes. We positively note Kosovo’s decision to implement the Law on Foreigners and the Law on Vehicles in a gradual manner. It is imperative that any steps towards integrating Serbia-supported health and education institutions within the legal framework of Kosovo are carried out in close coordination with the Kosovo Serb community and in full respect of the relevant agreements concluded within the EUfacilitated dialogue. Greece further stresses that the establishment of the Association/Community of Kosovo Serb Municipalities, without preconditions, remains crucial for the stability of northern Kosovo and constitutes an integral part of the agreements that must be fully implemented. We urge the Kosovo authorities to proceed to this end without further delay. We welcome the results of the recent municipal elections in Kosovo, with the broad participation of all communities, in particular the transition of authority in the municipalities of northern Kosovo, which signalled the return of Kosovo Serbs to municipal institutions for the first time since 2022. This development represents a significant step towards inclusive governance. The rule of law institutions should be further strengthened. We reiterate the importance of reintegrating Kosovo Serb judges, prosecutors and police officers into the judiciary and law enforcement structures. At the same time, it is essential that accountability be upheld for those responsible for the 2023 Banjskë attack. Finally, Greece acknowledges the important role of UNMIK in coordination with KFOR and EULEX and supports the continuation of its mandate, as necessary, in accordance with resolution 1244 (1999), which provides the legal framework for a final political settlement between Serbia and Kosovo. We remain open to dialogue for exploring ways to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Mission. The future of both Serbia and Kosovo is firmly embedded within the European Union. Since the adoption of the 2003 Thessaloniki Declaration of the EU-Western Balkans Summit, Greece has consistently offered its steadfast support to both parties in pursuit of their European aspirations. Advancing the European integration of Serbia and Kosovo is vital for upholding stability, security and prosperity in the region.

We thank Mr. Peter Due, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), for his detailed briefing and for sharing his impressions of the real progress achieved in the region, which he knows in depth. We welcome the delegations of Kosovo, Serbia and the European Union, who honour us with their participation today. Panama commends the peaceful and inclusive nature of the recent municipal and legislative elections in Kosovo. We also welcome that this electoral process included the participation of communities in all their diversity. The peaceful transfer of power following these elections reflects a cooperative environment that helps sustain peaceful, pluralistic coexistence, even though fragilities persist in certain regions. We also wish to place particular emphasis on the convening of the first meeting of the Joint Commission on Missing Persons in a tripartite format. The convening of this meeting, bringing together all parties to focus on the sensitive issue of the void and pain caused by the disappearance of persons to their loved ones, reaffirms the opening of space for empathy and mutual understanding. It is also one of the clearest indications of a genuine opportunity to further deepen dialogue among all parties. In this regard, we commend the efforts of the European Union Special Representative for the Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue, while underscoring the continued role of UNMIK and the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. In parallel, bearing in mind the importance of ensuring accountability, we reiterate the need to bring to justice those responsible for the attack in Banjskë in 2023, as well as for the incident at the Ibër-Lepenc water canal in 2024, in order to prevent the recurrence of similar events, which are counterproductive to the Council’s objective of stability in the region. Panama reaffirms that only through genuine, sustained and good-faith dialogue will it be possible to move towards lasting normalization between the parties. We therefore encourage them to resume with determination the commitments reached within the framework of the dialogue facilitated by the European Union and to translate them into concrete progress. In conclusion, we also reaffirm our support for the benefits derived from the presence of UNMIK in the territory as an impartial actor in this process. While it is important that differences are respected and taken into account, it is through this very exercise of mutual understanding that the parties must move towards agreements that allow them to prioritize peace, well-being and tranquillity for the populations in the region.

I would like to welcome the new Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Peter Due, and thank him for his briefing. I also welcome the presence of the Ministers of Serbia and Kosovo and the participation of the Head of the Delegation of the European Union in today’s meeting. Latvia commends the efforts made by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) in close coordination with the Kosovo Force, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo and other partners. Latvia has been an active contributor to the Kosovo Force mission, maintaining its largest military presence in any operation or mission abroad. We will continue to support strengthening peace and stability on the ground. In this regard, I would like to make the following three points. First, for the full normalization of relations, it remains of significant importance for both Serbia and Kosovo to continue to engage constructively and in good faith in the European Union-facilitated dialogue. Sustainable peace and regional cooperation can be achieved through genuine compromise, mutual respect and a steadfast commitment to dialogue and reconciliation, in the interest of all communities and the region’s European perspective. We welcome the agreement reached on the modalities for implementing the Law on Foreigners and the meeting held by the Joint Commission on Missing Persons within the framework of the European Unionfacilitated dialogue. We thank the European Union Special Representative, Mr. Peter Sørensen, for his work in this regard. Secondly, Latvia is closely following the security situation in northern Kosovo and condemns any actions that could lead to destabilization. Serbia and Kosovo should refrain from unilateral rhetoric and activities that may heighten tensions, as they will further strain relations and undermine trust between communities. We regret that three years after the violent attack in Banjskë in 2023, justice has yet to be served. We call on Serbia to demonstrate constructive cooperation for a full and impartial investigation. Those responsible must be held accountable. Thirdly, Latvia recognizes Kosovo’s continued efforts to strengthen democratic institutions, uphold the rule of law and advance inclusive governance. We encourage it to continue the momentum in implementing reforms, in particular in the judiciary and public administration, and in protecting freedom of expression and independent media. Such measures are essential to advancing Kosovo’s stability, good governance and European integration. In that regard, strong institutional stability is crucial. It is important to ensure that mission mandates reflect the reality on the ground. Therefore, Latvia believes that there is a need for a strategic review for UNMIK’s future engagement. Latvia stands ready to continue its support for Kosovo and the region in their efforts to promote lasting peace, stability and prosperity for all.

At the outset, I would like to thank the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Peter Due, for his comprehensive briefing. Somalia warmly welcomes His Excellency Mr. Marko Đurić, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia, to today’s meeting. Somalia recognizes the important role that the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) continues to play in supporting peace, stability and dialogue in the region. Recent developments in the region merit careful consideration. We take note of the peaceful conduct of the municipal and legislative elections, which saw the active participation of all communities. Our delegation appreciates the commitment of all parties to constructive engagement and acknowledges the ongoing efforts to address outstanding challenges through peaceful means. Lasting political stability remains essential to creating conditions in which social progress and community well-being can thrive. Somalia reaffirms its support for the European Union-facilitated dialogue, which remains the principal framework for resolving outstanding issues between Belgrade and Pristina. We call on all parties to refrain from unilateral actions or rhetoric that could undermine trust or escalate tensions. It is vital that all unresolved matters be addressed constructively and in good faith. We welcome the continued progress in the women and peace and security agenda, as evidenced by the significant number of women elected to the Kosovo Assembly. In conclusion, we express our appreciation to Special Representative of the Secretary-General Due and the entire UNMIK team for their tireless efforts to promote dialogue and build trust on the ground. We further acknowledge the valuable cooperation among UNMIK, the United Nations Kosovo Team and key partners, including the Kosovo Force, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the European Union. The continued unified support of the Council for diplomatic engagement remains essential. Lasting stability will require patience, sustained commitment and the wisdom to choose diplomatic engagement over unilateral measures. Somalia stands ready to assist all parties in their pursuit of mutually acceptable, peaceful solutions.

I thank Special Representative of the Secretary-General Peter Due for his briefing, and I welcome the participation in today’s meeting of the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Diaspora of Kosovo, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia and the Head of the Delegation of the European Union. The United Kingdom remains committed to supporting Kosovo’s Euro-Atlantic path and development as an inclusive, multi-ethnic democracy. As one of the first countries to recognize Kosovo’s independence, the United Kingdom encourages those Member States that have not yet done so to join the majority. As the International Court of Justice made clear in its 2010 advisory opinion, Kosovo’s declaration of independence was not a violation of international law. Recognition is essential for long-term stability and for unlocking Kosovo’s full potential. We commend the peaceful conduct of the municipal and legislative elections last year, including Kosovo-Serb participation, and welcome the formation of the government. We encourage swift progress towards the election of a President, in line with Kosovo’s Constitution. The return of Kosovo-Serb mayors to Serb-majority municipalities in northern Kosovo is another welcome step. We encourage them to focus on practical governance, working constructively with central institutions and responding to the needs of all their constituents. We continue to call on Kosovo and Serbia to implement existing agreements and resolve outstanding disagreements through the dialogue facilitated by the European Union (EU). We welcome the establishment of the Joint Commission on Missing Persons and the EU-facilitated agreement on implementation of the Law on Foreigners as constructive steps towards building trust and supporting stability. More than two years on from the Banjskë attack, we reiterate our call on Serbia to play its part in reducing tensions and bringing those responsible to justice, including Milan Radoičić. We also call for accountability for the attacks against the Kosovo Force and Kosovo Police personnel in May 2023. Finally, with growing pressure on United Nations budgets, resources must be directed to where they deliver the greatest impact. Conditions on the ground in Kosovo are unrecognizable from 1999. We welcome efforts to improve the balance and focus of reporting by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), and we encourage continued clarity on the Mission’s core purpose, focusing on drivers of conflict and instability. A strategic review of UNMIK’s role, responsibilities and funding is overdue. The proposed 8.6 per cent budget reduction recommended by the civilian staffing review must deliver real efficiencies and help to ensure that UNMIK is agile, efficient and fit for purpose. I would like to end by expressing the United Kingdom’s gratitude to the Special Representative, Mr. Peter Due, and all Mission staff who have contributed to UNMIK’s work.

Let me extend a warm welcome to Special Representative of the Secretary-General Peter Due and thank him for his first briefing to the Council. Denmark looks forward to working closely with him. I also welcome to this meeting the Foreign Ministers of Serbia and Kosovo and the Head of Delegation of the European Union (EU) to the United Nations. A comprehensive normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo remains essential, not only for the people of both countries but also for broader regional stability and economic development. The EU-facilitated dialogue remains essential for both parties to advance on their respective European paths, an aspiration that Denmark fully supports. The year 2026 has begun on an encouraging note for the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue. The recent establishment of a Joint Commission on Missing Persons represents an important step towards reconciliation and trust-building. Likewise, the recent agreement on civil registration and the implementation of the Law on Foreigners constitute tangible progress, helping to ensure the uninterrupted provision of essential public services. Denmark warmly welcomes these developments and commends the constructive engagement demonstrated by both sides and the continued efforts by EU Special Representative Peter Sørensen in facilitating these steps. Denmark also welcomes the offer by EU High Representative Kaja Kallas to convene a high-level meeting and urges both parties to engage constructively to ensure that it takes place without delay and yields further progress. It is essential that the parties build on this positive momentum and continue to deliver concrete results. In particular, full implementation of the 2023 Ohrid agreement remains key. For Kosovo, this includes establishing the association of Serb-majority municipalities. For Serbia, it includes refraining from opposing Kosovo’s membership in international organizations. The agreements are in place; now they must be implemented in good faith. We note with concern the continued lack of concrete steps by Serbia to ensure accountability by bringing the perpetrators of the Banjskë attacks to justice. This is an issue that continues to negatively affect the normalization process. After a challenging 2025 marked by two general elections in Kosovo, we welcome the establishment of both the Assembly and the government. We hope that Kosovo can also overcome its remaining challenges and ensure the prompt formation of all institutions. This is needed to avoid further political deadlock and to focus on the necessary reforms. Denmark commends the smooth transition of power in the northern municipalities following the peaceful and inclusive local elections last year. This was an important first step towards reintegrating Kosovo Serbs into Kosovo’s institutional framework. We welcome the increased cooperation in this regard, and we note the importance of effectively addressing the concerns of non-majority communities in a sustainable and inclusive manner. We note positively that the security situation has remained calm. We urge all parties to avoid any unilateral measures that could jeopardize this. Denmark commends UNMIK’s continued and vital role in supporting trustbuilding and inter-ethnic dialogue, in close cooperation with the Kosovo Force, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo and other international partners. This work is particularly important for young people in Kosovo, who represent a significant share of its population. At the same time, the Council has a responsibility to ensure that mandates remain fit for purpose. Given that UNMIK’s mandate dates back to 1999, Denmark stands ready to engage in discussions on a possible strategic review of the Mission. Let me conclude by reaffirming Denmark’s continued support for a peaceful, democratic, multi-ethnic Kosovo and its European aspirations and for its full integration into the international community.

We thank the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Peter Due, for his briefing on the situation in the province and for sharing his views. We welcome the participation of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia, Mr. Marko Đurić. We have listened to the views expressed by Mr. Glauk Konjufca. The situation in Kosovo continues to deteriorate steadily. The ultranationalist regime of so-called Prime Minister Albin Kurti is accelerating a purge of the non- Albanian population in the northern part of the province. The methods remain the same as before: economic strangulation, the expansion of the network of police stations in the northern municipalities, violence by Kosovar security forces, intimidation campaigns against civilians and the criminal prosecution of Serbs on trumped-up charges with the aim of seizing their property. Another vivid example of Kosovo Albanian nationalism can be found in the socalled Law on Foreigners and the Law on Vehicles. In essence, Serbs have been presented with a harsh choice: either accept this so-called citizenship of Kosovo or leave. Pristina’s purely symbolic concession regarding the continued functioning of Serbian medical and educational institutions, which took the form of postponing the enforcement of these discriminatory so-called laws, is by no means an achievement by the European Union — as Special Representative Sørensen would have it — but rather an attempt to conceal complicity in the gradual takeover of the structures that ensure the survival of the Serbian population in the province. As for the establishment of the Association/Community of Kosovo Serb Municipalities in Kosovo provided for in the Brussels Agreement, Pristina, with the connivance of Brussels, continues to sabotage the creation thereof. The sacrilegious assault on Serbia’s cultural and religious heritage persists. Orthodox cemeteries, monasteries and churches are being desecrated and looted. Since 1999, more than 60 such sites have suffered at the hands of vandals, and almost half of them were completely destroyed. Since the year 2000, 400 Orthodox cemeteries have been desecrated, 50 have been destroyed, and more than 100,000 gravestones have been smashed. In an attempt to erase the Serbian presence, Kosovo Albanian pseudo-scholars are falsifying the history of the province. However, they cannot erase the historical fact that Kosovo is the cradle of Serbian national identity and the Serbian Orthodox Church. Furthermore, the fundamental rights of Serbian political representatives are being violated. Just look at the story of the machinations by Kosovo’s so-called “Central Election Commission” against the “Serbian List” party during the so-called parliamentary elections. Along with the lawlessness just described, Pristina is exploring the possibility of deploying the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) in the north of the province. The appearance there in October 2025 of a KSF military convoy, allegedly by mistake, is yet another demonstrative attempt by local authorities to rid themselves of the obligation to coordinate their actions with the command of the NATO-led Kosovo Force. There has been an increase in attacks by unidentified, masked Kosovo Albanians on Serbian police patrols in the ground safety zone along the administrative boundary line with central Serbia. In this context, reports in the media about attempts by Mr. Kurti to persuade Western partners to support his idea of withdrawing NATO’s Kosovo Force from this buffer zone are particularly alarming. These forces remain the only legitimate military formation remaining in the province, as stipulated by the Kumanovo Military Technical Agreement and resolution 1244 (1999). We are convinced that replacing the international presence with Pristina’s military forces risks a serious deterioration of the security situation. This must not be allowed. Nor should we forget that the Kosovo Albanians responsible for the beating, on 28 May 2019, of Mikhail Krasnoshchekov, an employee of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo have still not been held accountable. Furthermore, on 31 December 2021, in violation of established norms of international law, Pristina declared Mission staff member Andrey Antonov persona non grata. At the same time, Mr. Kurti’s team systematically glorifies war criminals — the former leaders of the so-called “Kosovo Liberation Army” (KLA). Rallies are held and the Pristina Parliament adopts resolutions to honour them, and themed events featuring KLA symbols are even being organized in kindergartens. The European Union (EU) invariably turns a blind eye to this, even though the aforementioned Kosovar military leaders are currently on trial in The Hague for war crimes and crimes against humanity before a special court established under the leading role of the EU. Moreover, Western capitals continue to indulge Pristina in pressuring the Serbian authorities to resolve the Kosovo issue exclusively on Pristina’s terms, helping to consolidate the region’s “State sovereignty”, and to create and arm its own so-called “army”, which Kosovo Albanians are prohibited from having under resolution 1244 (1999). NATO members States are not standing idly by either. Ammunition production is planned to begin in the province by the end of this year, in cooperation with some NATO member States. Cooperation within the openly anti- Serbian Zagreb-Tirana-Pristina military alliance is also gaining momentum. Such accelerated militarization of Kosovo poses a serious threat of escalation in the Balkans. Against this backdrop, the optimistic assessments in the Secretary-General’s report regarding the mediating role of the European Union (EU) in the Belgrade- Pristina dialogue are perplexing. It is evident that the Brussels negotiation format, as well as the EU in its capacity as a mediator, has completely discredited itself and has long since ceased to have anything to do with normalization. Such blatant duplicity on the part of Western so-called “mediators” deserves to be recognized as such by the Security Council. Given the unending series of violations of resolution 1244 (1999) by Kosovo’s so-called authorities and their accommodating Western partners, there is an increasing need for a thorough analysis of this document, which remains the cornerstone of the architecture of stability in the Balkans. A clear signal is needed from the Security Council that the international community will not tolerate violations of resolution 1244 (1999), pursuant to which the autonomous province of Kosovo and Metohija is an integral part of the Republic of Serbia. For our part, we will continue to assist Belgrade in defending its legitimate rights and interests regarding Kosovo and Metohija, and in safeguarding the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. We will only accept a solution that satisfies the Serbs themselves. Under these difficult circumstances, it is unacceptable to reduce the frequency or change the format of Security Council meetings on Kosovo or to cut the budgetary and staffing resources of UNMIK, which continues to perform the essential task of helping to maintain stability in the province.

I thank Mr. Peter Due for his briefing and congratulate him for assuming his duties as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General. I wish him every success in his new role. I welcome Foreign Minister Marko Đurić and Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Glauk Konjufca to this meeting. At the outset, I would like to underscore my country’s sincere and enduring desire to see peace and stability prevail in the Balkans and to wish for the well-being, prosperity and progress of all the friendly peoples in the region. We commend the Kosovo authorities for the peaceful conduct of local and legislative elections last year. We are confident that the elected representatives will work prudently, cooperatively and constructively towards the presidential election, hopefully, within the period recently granted by the Constitutional Court. We recognize the complex and intricate web of challenges that this region has confronted and continues to confront. This further reinforces our conviction that only a sustained and meaningful dialogue process, a toning down of political rhetoric and the full and unconditional implementation of commitments, in their entirety, made under the 2013 and 2023 Agreement on the path to normalization between Kosovo and Serbia can help overcome these challenges and lead to lasting peace and stability in the region. My delegation deeply appreciates the European Union’s steadfast commitment and efforts to facilitate dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina. We are heartened to note the convening of the Joint Commission on Missing Persons in a trilateral format and the agreement on the Law on Foreigners. We hope that both sides will continue to build on the positive momentum, refrain from unilateral actions that stoke tensions and continue constructive cooperation to resolve all outstanding issues. Divisive rhetoric, hate speech and intercommunal tensions have long plagued this region, with horrid consequences in the past. These trends should not be allowed to take root and disturb peace and tranquillity. We are perturbed by the reports of the desecration of religious sites. We unequivocally condemn all such actions directed against any religion or its people, and we hope that the relevant authorities will take decisive action to prevent such incidents from happening in the future. In this context, we note with appreciation the efforts of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo to promote harmony and foster the spirit of coexistence and tolerance among various communities in Kosovo. Trust-building between the two sides remains essential for moving forward. Tangible progress to bring the perpetrators of the Ibër-Lepenc and Banjskë attacks to justice will go a long way in this regard, and we hope that the relevant authorities from both sides will cooperate earnestly towards this end. Pakistan enjoys friendly relations with Serbia and Kosovo and remains a resolute supporter of a peaceful, stable and prosperous Balkans. What the region urgently needs is meaningful engagement, a firm commitment to the principles of mutual respect, a recognition of mutual sensitivities, the safeguarding of the social and economic rights of all peoples, and the promotion of a spirit of peaceful coexistence and intercommunal harmony. The Balkans has suffered enough from the failures of the past. Surely, the future must be different. We therefore call upon all parties to choose the path of principle over prejudice and patience over provocation so as to ensure lasting peace and stability in the region.

I would like to begin by expressing my thanks to Mr. Peter Due, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), for his briefing, and I extend my best wishes to him as he begins his appointment. In Pristina, UNMIK embodies the values of the Charter of the United Nations, in particular respect for the right of peoples to self-determination and respect for human rights, specifically the right of minorities to have their fundamental rights fully recognized, as they forge their future within the national community. I likewise welcome the presence among us of the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Serbia and Kosovo, Mr. Marko Đurić and Mr. Glauk Konjufca, respectively. At the outset, let us address what unites Serbia and Kosovo, namely, their European future — a future and the prospect of peace and progress. The path towards the integration of both countries in the European Union is complex but serves the best interests of the peoples. The stakes in this respect are dual in nature. For both countries, the challenge is to create nation States that transcend the wounds that marked their founding and to shore up open, pluralistic democracies. From the standpoint of the European Union, the issue is one of the culmination of the processes set in motion in the aftermath of independence in the former Yugoslavia so as to build a future in which dialogue ultimately prevails over confrontation. To that end, France calls on both countries to continue along the path of formalizing their relations by drawing on the framework for dialogue facilitated by the European Union, which is proving to be both significant and effective. In this connection, France gives its full support to the ongoing positive momentum in relations between Kosovo and Serbia, which is being spurred by the mediation by Special Representative of the European Union Peter Sørensen, with support from partners close to the two countries and the United Nations. The agreement on the gradual enactment on the law on foreigners, secured on 14 March thanks to European mediation and the constructive approach taken by all parties, represents a good step in the right direction. Alongside our partners, we will remain vigilant about the proper enactment of that law, which is to be achieved in close coordination with the Special Representative of the European Union and the involvement of representatives of the Serb community of Kosovo. Significant strides remain to be taken. The Brussels-Ohrid agreement charts the course. It is incumbent on both countries to implement the agreement in the same spirit of dialogue. The Security Council must encourage UNMIK to play its full part in monitoring and overseeing that dialogue. I take this opportunity to commend the successful holding of local elections in Kosovo in October and November 2025. All communities took part, and the transition of power proceeded without incident in the municipalities in northern Kosovo. The active participation of Serbs in local governance and more widely in Kosovo’s institutions must resume. Similarly, I welcome the smooth conduct of legislative elections in December 2025 and the formation of the Assembly through the election of a presidency and Vice-Presidents to represent the non-majority communities, in accordance with the Constitution. Meanwhile, it is unacceptable for the perpetrators of the attack on Banjskë to be still at large more than two years and half after the events. Those behind the attacks must be brought to justice and be held accountable. France supports the efforts of UNMIK in coordination with the Kosovo Force and the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. UNMIK’s mandate is inherently tied to the normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo. France supports all common-sense efforts aimed at improving and streamlining peacekeeping missions through efficiency measures, while ensuring that they align with their mandate. Lastly, France assures the new Special Representative of the Secretary- General of its utmost confidence in, and support for, his endeavours for lasting peace through reconciliation between the two countries.

We thank the Special Representative of the Secretary- General and join others in welcoming the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Kosovo and Serbia to the Chamber. We also welcome in a special way the Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations. We want to acknowledge the continued engagement of all regional and international actors in support of stability in Kosovo. The picture before us is one neither of crisis nor of calm. It is one of a delicate equilibrium maintained by restraint, tested by mistrust and shaped by decisions with consequences beyond the immediate term. Liberia has learned that institutions cannot run on hope alone; they require sustained political commitment and leadership that places national interests above narrow political calculus. Today, Kosovo stands at a critical juncture where political uncertainty, fragile security conditions and unresolved legacies intersect. Encouraging steps, including the formation of a government and ongoing technical engagement, coexist with institutional fragility, recurring tensions in the north and a dialogue process that too often struggles to translate meetings into momentum. In this environment, success is measured not only by breakthroughs but also by the ability to avoid setbacks, which is undoubtedly an achievement but also certainly a warning. Liberia would like to highlight a few points in that regard. First, as regards the political process, recent elections underscore both the resilience and the vulnerability of Kosovo’s democratic institutions. Prolonged political deadlock, however, reflects deeper structural strains. Democratic processes must not only be credible but also decisive. Legitimacy flows not just from the ballot but from institutions that can act, deliver and unify. Secondly, as to the dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina, Liberia strongly supports the European Union-facilitated process and encourages renewed efforts to ensure that dialogue delivers concrete outcomes. Agreements already reached, in particular on missing persons, carry profound human significance and should be implemented without delay. For families awaiting answers, progress must be tangible. Thirdly, when it comes to security, while the overall environment remains stable, it is sensitive to localized tensions. Isolated incidents, inflammatory rhetoric and competing narratives risk eroding trust. The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), the Kosovo Force and the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) remain important stabilizing anchors, and their coordination is essential. At the same time, lasting peace requires inclusive institutions that command the trust of all communities. Fourthly, on the rule of law, findings from EULEX continue to point to delays and pressures within the justice system. Those are foundational challenges. Justice that is delayed or perceived as uneven undermines public confidence and stability. Liberia’s own experience shows that rebuilding trust requires consistency, independence and visible accountability. Fifthly, on socioeconomic and humanitarian dimensions, unemployment, inequality and the disparities affecting minority communities persist. Development cannot flourish where communities feel excluded. Economic inclusion must accompany political inclusion. The unresolved legacy of missing persons, displacement and the protection of cultural and religious heritage remains central to sustainable peace. Finally, on UNMIK’s future, Liberia recognizes differing views within the Council. This need not be a binary choice. The focus should be on how the Mission can continue to adapt in support of stability, dialogue and institution-building, grounded in realities on the ground and inclusive of the perspectives of all communities. Liberia encourages the Council to prioritize problem-solving over positioning. The future of Kosovo will be shaped not by a single moment, but by sustained commitment to dialogue, inclusion and restraint. In this effort, responsibility lies first with the parties and then with the Council to remain balanced, engaged and forwardlooking.

I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of Bahrain. (spoke in Arabic) To begin, I would like to thank His Excellency Mr. Peter Due, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo. We appreciate his efforts in fostering dialogue and building confidence. I also welcome Their Excellencies the Foreign Ministers of Serbia and Kosovo to today’s meeting, as well as the Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations. The Kingdom of Bahrain values all constructive initiatives aimed at promoting good-neighbourly relations, including those among the nations of the Western Balkans region. The Kingdom of Bahrain also welcomes the formation of the government of Kosovo in February. We believe that enduring political stability is essential to create an enabling environment to maintain security and stability and to advance efforts towards development and prosperity. In that context, I would like to highlight three points. First, the Kingdom of Bahrain urges both Serbia and Kosovo to engage constructively and in a spirit of good faith in the European Union-facilitated Belgrade-Pristina dialogue and to implement the existing agreements with the aim of establishing and developing relations between the two neighbouring countries. We also welcome the commencement of trilateral meetings between the Serbian and Kosovan leaders, together with the European Union High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The Kingdom of Bahrain places great emphasis on prioritizing dialogue and diplomacy, as well as leveraging available opportunities, including those facilitated by the European Union. Secondly, on the humanitarian front, according to the Secretary-General’s report, 1,582 persons remain missing following the events of 1998–1999 in Kosovo. In that regard, the Kingdom of Bahrain commends the ongoing cooperation between the Kosovan and the Serbian authorities in the search for evidence to ascertain the fate of those individuals. Furthermore, we welcome the convening of the first-ever trilateral meeting of the Joint Commission on Missing Persons, facilitated by the European Union. Such constructive cooperation between the two countries serves to pave the way for future joint action. Thirdly, the Kingdom of Bahrain underscores the importance of fostering trust and entrenching tolerance and coexistence among peoples and cultures, led by a belief in the vital role that such values play in achieving stability and prosperity. In that context, the Kingdom of Bahrain expresses its regret regarding the information contained in the Secretary-General’s report concerning the occurrence of several incidents targeting sites affiliated with the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, as well as Islamic sites. We further emphasize the importance of shared coexistence among all parties and the various components of communities, as well as working towards inclusivity within a multi-ethnic Kosovo. In conclusion, the Kingdom of Bahrain reiterates the importance of strengthening relations between Kosovo and Serbia and fostering cooperation between them, as well as the necessity of reaching mutual understandings and agreements that serve to preserve security and stability in the Western Balkans region. (spoke in English) I resume my functions as President of the Council. I now give the floor to Mr. Lambrinidis. Mr. Lambrinidis: I have the honour to speak on behalf of the European Union and its member States. The candidate countries North Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania and the Republic of Moldova, as well as Norway and San Marino, align themselves with this statement. First, I wish to congratulate the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Due, on assuming his important role, and to thank him for his briefing today, as well as for the report. The European Union (EU) remains fully and unequivocally committed to the EU membership perspective of the Western Balkans. The EU welcomes that Serbia and Kosovo remain engaged in the European Union-facilitated dialogue, led by High Representative Kaja Kallas and supported by EU Special Representative Peter Sørensen. The agreement reached on 14 March relating to civil registration and the Law on Foreigners marks an important way forward. The EU welcomes Kosovo’s overall commitment to the rule of law. Any process affecting health and education institutions should be inclusive and coordinated with representatives of the Kosovo Serb community within the framework of all relevant agreements reached within the European Union-facilitated dialogue and Kosovo law. Progress on the normalization of relations is among the essential conditions for the European path of both Kosovo and Serbia. This includes the full implementation of the 2023 Agreement on the path to normalization between Kosovo and Serbia, and all previous agreements reached in the EU-facilitated dialogue. The European Union commends the parties for the progress achieved on the important humanitarian issue of missing persons, by holding the first trilateral meeting of the Joint Commission on Missing Persons under the dialogue. Looking ahead, the EU expects both Kosovo and Serbia to constructively participate in a highlevel meeting of the dialogue chaired by High Representative Kallas, once convened. We call on Kosovo to finalize the formation of all institutions to allow for a renewed focus on the much-needed EU-related reforms. The European Union welcomes the smooth handover of local governance in the four northern municipalities of Kosovo and the cooperation between security actors, including with EULEX, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. The EU welcomes the good cooperation with the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo. We also welcome the resumption of cooperation between municipal and central authorities, which reflects the expectations of Kosovo Serbs, previous agreements and Kosovo law. We reiterate the importance of, and our support for, the work of the Kosovo Specialist Chambers. (spoke in French) In this context, we once again call on the Serbian authorities to respond to Kosovo’s requests for judicial cooperation and to encourage the return of judges, prosecutors and police officers. We also call on the Kosovo authorities to facilitate their reintegration. Lastly, the European Union regrets that Serbia has still not taken the necessary measures to bring to justice those responsible for the attacks in northern Kosovo in 2023.

The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Serbia has asked for the floor to make a further statement. I now give him the floor.

I want to thank everyone for their patience in listening to what we had to say. I believe that today’s meeting, regardless of the fact that the discussion was at times difficult and opposing views were expressed, has a stabilizing effect, as it provides an important institutional mechanism for expressing our views. Having said this, I will make some very brief comments on what was said by Mr. Konjufca regarding alleged Serbian interference in the electoral process. We encouraged all people in Kosovo to participate in the elections. We encourage and support the peaceful transition of municipal structures in the north of Kosovo. However, we are not satisfied with the fact that Serbs were not included in the government in line with the Constitution, which explicitly stipulates in Article 95.3 that the party that wins the majority of the votes from the Serbian community should be respected and included in the government. Something different happened. The head of the Serbian List, Mr. Zlatan Elek, was in fact subject to police and judicial harassment. To explain the reference made to illegal Serbian structures in the sphere of education and healthcare, basically what was meant is that the only Serbian-language university in the north of Kosovo is treated as an illegal parallel structure — a university with whose diploma one can work in every European country and every capital of the world is unfortunately not being recognized by the authorities there. However, I do not want to speak any more about our differences; I want to say that despite our differences, Serbia is determined to try and isolate our disagreements and work constructively within the framework of the European Union-facilitated dialogue, although we do not agree on the status of the unilaterally declared so-called independence of Kosovo and our numbers regarding which countries recognize and do not recognize it are different. According to our numbers, 86 United Nations Members have recognized it, and 107 do not recognize it at the moment because 28 countries have, in the meantime, in the past 10 years, revoked recognition. But this is beside the point. We do not want to compete, and we do not want to waste our political, economic and diplomatic resources on lobbying against each other. I believe we should lobby for turning our region into a region of success, isolating our differences. Despite our differences, I welcome the respectful tone of today’s discussion.

Mr. Konjufca has asked for the floor to make a further statement. I now give him the floor. Mr. Konjufca: Allow me to provide some clarifications on what has been said, especially by Mr. Đurić. Regarding the Law on Foreigners, I wanted to clarify that the actions of the government of Kosova are fully in accordance with the fundamental responsibilities of a foreign sovereign State to oversee its resident population and aligned with European standards on national security, legal migration and work permit laws. We cannot have double standards. Kosova is an independent and sovereign State and has a responsibility to its citizens, as well as to the European Union (EU) and other bodies of which it is a member or which it aspires to join. It must demonstrate authority over its territory and clearly distinguish between residents and foreigners. This is fundamental. Everybody does this. No United Nations Member State, including those in the Security Council, permits undocumented foreigners to remain. Unlike the Serbian authorities’ systematic weaponization of the Law on Permanent and Temporary Residence of Citizens of 2011 to strip ethnic Albanians in the Preševo Valley of their registered addresses, voting rights and ultimately their legal identity, our Law on Foreigners is meant to improve, integrate and standardize public services in Kosova. Serbs working in health or educational institutions that are not managed by Kosova institutions and who possess documents from Serbian structures are required to apply for a 12-month residency permit. Kosova’s Law on Foreigners is neither discriminatory nor preferential towards any community; it is a law with European standards. However, we cannot allow parallelism, as this contradicts the rule of law and the uniform constitutional order. The law on foreigners represents an obligation that Kosova took under the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU. And I refer here specifically to article 86 on legal migration, which requires Kosova to align its legislation with EU law. Regarding the integration of the Serb health and educational sector in Kosova, let me conclude that we are not closing the healthcare and education institutions of the Serb minority. Rather, we are ensuring that they operate within our legal and institutional framework to prevent parallelism and discord. This effort aims to integrate the Serb community and promote peacebuilding by establishing a shared legal framework for public services. The existence of illegal Serbian institutions has never been about the welfare of the local community; instead, it serves as a strategic tool for Serbia to keep Kosova dysfunctional, divided and vulnerable to failure. This is the fundamental aim, I think, of Serbia. It is also important to recall a report of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) of 2007, which says about the structures of Serbia that “these structures contravene UNMIK’s authority to implement its mandate, thereby violating even resolution 1244 (1999) and establishing a precondition for a de facto partition of Kosovo”. Through these measures, we seek to ensure that Kosova remains a unified and functional State. The end of parallelism marked the birth of integration and a genuine process of peacebuilding and reconciliation. And as for the ethnically motivated incidents that were mentioned here, regretfully, the UNMIK report is not a reliable indicator of safety and security in Kosova. According to the recent Gallup Law and Order Index, a global report, Kosova is among the top-ranked most secure places in the world. Therefore, the UNMIK report exaggerates these incidents, I think, which are not necessarily ethnically motivated, but which are nonetheless dealt with by our police. They are mainly common theft cases and are not planned or targeted against any community in Kosova. Serbia intentionally misrepresents these incidents to frame Kosova negatively and attempt to score points here in the Council, which is a very irresponsible and malicious act. Our police and professional forces, very well-trained by the EU and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, have excellent capacity to handle ethnically motivated cases. Serbia, on the other hand, has been using its police forces to brutally attack students and the opposition who demand political changes and struggle against the authoritarian rule in the country. Concerning the alleged arrests of Serbs for war crimes, this is a well-known strategy of Serbia to portray war crimes as politically motivated cases against the Serb community. This is not true. Unlike Serbia, which has ceased prosecuting war crimes in its jurisdiction, Kosova is committed to transitional justice and dealing with the past. Our judicial institutions have a comprehensive victim-centred strategy and plan for prosecuting war crimes, regardless of ethnicity. They operate in accordance with the law and the highest international criminal justice standards. We have hundreds and hundreds of war crimes cases and crimes against humanity, including sexual violence cases committed by the Serbian army, police and paramilitary forces during the years 1998–1999 against Kosovar Albanians that are not addressed either by the United Nations, the EU or other courts in Kosova. We have a duty to bring justice to the victims, and we will not stop until all cases are resolved.