S/PV.1085 Security Council

1wish to point out a few facts tothe representaüve of Turkey. forwhomI have great respect~ 59. The representative of Turkey said that Greeks wel"e killing Turkish women and children. But at no time has the United States or the international Press reported that anyGreeks were killing Turkish women and ·children, whereas they have mentioned specüic places wherea number of women and children were killed by Turks. How can the arbitrary statement be made· that Greeks have been killing Turkish· women and children when there have been no reportswhatsoever in the Press to that effect? Surely, ü Greeks had beeJlkilling Turkish women ~d children, the experienced journalists of the United States and· other countries who are there would have seen it, just as they have seen that Turks have been kiUing women liIld children. 1 have,before me a clipping from The New York Times, in which we read the following: "Most of the fighting centered on a police station occ1,lpied by Turks in Nicosia,andon family apartments in .the suburb of Omorphita. These were overrun and oècupied by Turks who chased offGreek families. They were reported to have killed an un- ..sl?ecified number of wonien and children." Why,dè:)JÎ't wehave similar reports of the killing of Turkishwomen and' children by Greeks? Obviou.sly because no such killingshave occurred, because the GÏ'ee~ have notbeen tryjng to take away the bouses. of the.TUJ"ks, astheTUJ"ks. have.taken awaythe houses .ofGreeks. on. preyious occasio~s in orderto live in them,a.s 1 MVe alreadysaid, without paymg anyrent, )sifilply by <virtue. of an arbitrary right. We cannot aliowthe èxèrciseof ..,suèh .an arbitrary right, no 'matter howmany. Turkish. gunboats come to Cyprus ~t()en.fqrce<the rigl:1t . . . . .':--.,- .... ' .... "". '" .~().'±h~irellJ:e$entativeofTurkeysaidthat th~ ships ha.dfolJoweli.·theirqrqinarr course. Butit is obvious 'thatweW(Juld'lÎ(Jt havebeenconcernedabout the move- ·,m.ellt·C)f.~hip·sîf-the:priIlle.:MW1ster of. TurkElY.had . ••'not Pl."Ocla,i,Illeciin aclYf1Jlcetha~ 1;urkElY was send~g Smpsto Cyprùsfor a~tion.'l'hese ships cameonly :t\VelltY,-fQm":l:1()11l;'sor so.ajter that pronouncementhad .lJee~.,.P.la~e.1\nd. aS If:iai!iPefore, w,ily,have this warlik;~.trpopnipvemelltaQdthis.movement of shipstaken pljice.q>!hose.were·notDleliIlt •.asa th;l,'eatto Cyprus? . :§.ur~JY,()llewQuld.hll:yeto Pe very $implenot to put the ,t,\-V()',tbingtl.together alld come to tbe :.conclusiollthat thesem()VElmelltlil.were.iiltended.asa t~eat.to Cyprus ~d,Wcer~a;irp.~àatterr9r·iz~gthep~ople of Cyprus. ,t,:~ -;~ "',:', ',.":--_:_~_>:' ,': ::_:,,:,.:_"': :,'",' :-, '," --.-~_:' __ '_':,:',:, - ()~. .j\çQ~~éli,MW~1"t~c!~~,. para.graph .4oftbe Ohar,.. ···t~r...not9nlYtheq~~,otforceb~ttJ:tJ:}. threat oftl1e U$e offorçe-is.a.vi.0latio~l.of th.ElQharter.. lm,aintainthat t4e·v~rY~:fact~t.tl1~l?:r.-inie-Min~s~ElrofTurkey ,' ...•.-.... -,.:C.,"''::--';,'c'''',,"', .- .•.. _; ...•...•. ':'<_ ":', .' ,' . 62. Thus, only the- United Nations can use force to restore order where there is a threat to international peace. No individual State has the right to use force against another State. To do so would be te revert to self-help, to taking the law into one's own hands, threatening other countries and using the law in whatever way one wished. 63. le de si donnant le le de gations 63. 1 understood the representative of Turkey to refer to the Treaty of Guarantee as giving to Turkey the right to use force in Cyprus. 1 say that li the Treaty of Guarantee can be interpreted as giving Turkey, or any other country, the right to use force in Cyprus, then the Treaty itself is invalid under Article 103 of the Charter, which states: "Inthe event of a conflict between the obligations of the ::J1embers of the United Nations under the present Charter and their obligations underany other international agreement"-and that includes this Treaty of Guarantee- "their obligations under the present Charter shan prevail". Hence, li this Treaty could be interpreted as giving Turkey the right to use force in Cyprus, it would be invalid. 64. However, the Treaty of Guarantee does not say anJ1;hing about force. It says-and this is the irony of it-that Cyprus, Greece and Tl,lrkey undertake to ensure the maintenance of Cyprus' independence, territorial integrity and security, as well as respect of its Constitution. The g\larantors g\larantee the integrity and independence of Cyprus. Does· Turkey interpret ihis provision of the Treaty to mean that itMay violate the integrity and independence ofCyprusby sendingtroops to fight the civiliaIis of Cyprus,. by sending aircraft to terrorize the population, by threatening to drop bombs, by sending shipsto Cyprus? ls' thatthe way that Turkey proposes to g\larantee the independénce and integrity of Cyprus? Or are these actions taken with a view to destroying the independence and integrity of Cyprus? No reasonable· person could·ever interpret the Treaty of Quarantee as giving Turkey, or any other g\larantor State, the right to Interfere and destroy the independence and intégrity of Cyprus which they are supposed ta g\larantee. 65. The Constitution of Cyprus hasnot been violated in any respect. Therewasonly a proposaI for talks. But even li there had beeri a violation, the Treaty of· Guarantee provides. that: lfJn· tlle event of apreach of the provisions of the preElent Treaty,Greece, 66. Ido not want to elaborate further, but the representativeof •Turkey said that those ships were proceeding in a peaceful way. However, he never said Where the planeswere headed for. Were they also headed for Iskenderun,. and did they think it was nice ta 'pass .Qver .Cyprus and circle and terrorize the population? And is there not an analogywith the others going to Iskenderun and, inthemeanwhile, terrorizing the population of Cyprus? l tllink the two things are strictly· inter...connected, and we cannot wipe out the planes by not mentioning them.. The planeswenttwice, an!i' twice after a cease-fire they created trouble. 67.. l aaid~t.r would providequotations. We have Turkish troopS in Cyprus. They moved out of their cantonmentand .went' into Nicosia, not topreserve peacebut to joinin the fighting and to encourage it. 1 dOÎlotsaythatwithoutauthority; l have it here: "When darkness fell the Turkish troops werepushing a rugged .• force ..of Greek .Cypriots towards the south away -fromNicosia"~ They were actually fighting against a .rugged force of Greek-Cypriots. They were fighting, wj.thÇ}reek Cypriots, who were ru~ed and inapad state, and theybeat them, foughtthem and threwtheID out of tficosia. Isthat the conduct of the guar~tor'of. integrityand •independence? la that the c()nduçtof a country tllatwlUlts~peacein Cyprus? 6.S.·The GreektroopswenHIlto Nicosia. They hadto gq.'r:hey hadtogo ther.e in order to counterthe move bt tlleTurkiShir09ps.l3;uttbere is n()t one accusation thatGr~ekJroops attackedany Tur.kish civilianor any 'l'ur~sh troops.Therefore the Greelt troops and the Turkish troops.Pllraded oneach side in confrontation, . bringingthedanger of a.world war.....a war between Greece aIl(iTurkey and probaplya worldwar.....ifthere was n9cease-fire. Tbecease-firewasarranged but itiS nowunderrninedpy the conduct of one of the par~es ••t9it. 6'9','OoUldtherebe a better .reason than this for comingto tllesecurityGotutcil? The Security.Couricil iS)lot meantto llètafter!lJlinvasion hastaken place. SuPPOsing CYPr.us.is inviided.....what a.rewe goingto do? Are wegoing to corneltiereand try toget Turkey out Of •. CYJ,lrus?The ·.,Security .Council's •task i$ to ,bring seçurityw.hel'e· tllereisdanger~.·llnddanger there la in çyprusnow.. We "YV9uldnotwanttoseemore danger, .YSeci~ied.NatiOIll!Tf~tySeri~s,~OI.382.1960, No. M7S. 71. They are now under a third command-under the British commander. Let them carry on the cease-fire without these threa.ts. which not o~y are unnecessary but are calculated to bring distu:rbance wherepeace reigns~ What is astonishing about what the Foreign Minister told me today is that wehad had the calmest day, and thatwhile everythingwas calmtheatmosphere suddenly became electrified because the ships were sighted there; an electrified atmospherein those conditions might at any moment bringa:n outbreakof violence from one side or the other. It might perhaps be an outbrèak by emboldened Turks Onthe grounds that "The shipsare here....let us nbW getour own back and fight"; or it might perhaps be byGreeks saying, "Well, vile are in danger-let us do something". 72. So, if you inject fear, if you injE:)ct excitement, you are disturbing the peace, and that is why 1 have come here today. It is not that 1 know that th~re is going to be an invasion. There might have been had we not come here tonight. There is no invasion at thismoment, but we want to preclude not only the possibility .of invasion, which would be a downright violation of the Charter, but also a threat, which is an equal violation of the Charter and which disturbs the peace. 73.'. 1 wouldrequest you, Mr. President andmembers of the SecurityCouncil, to give us a resolution, a fair and just resolutionensuring. the peace ofCyprus;and ensuring also that there shall be no interventionby force, .thatthecease-fire.shaUcontinue.thatthe agree~. 74. l expect t.ltat the question of adoptîng aresolution will be considered in the light of developments.

l am obliged to speak again; l do apologize, but a number of statements have been made to whichl must reply. 76. First of aIl lam sorry to have to tell my friend Mr. BUsios that His Majesty the King of Greece is misinformed. He has probably obtainedhis information until now from only one of the parties, the onewhich began the attacks and massacres; l regret to have to say that it was the Greeks of Cyprus. 77. With regard to what Mr. Rossides has said in connexion with one or two newspaper cuttings, lil had known that we would go so far l would have broughta voluminous file of documents, oacked up by photographs, with articles and reports about what has been happening in Cyprus in the last few days. l did not wish to nauseate the Council by describing pictures of women murdered, or of chilàren held up by the ears and killed. Those·are facts. It is a fact, too, that hostages have been taken. They were taken from the Turks and Tûrkish women and children have been killed. Photographs of aIl thatactuaUy exist and l shall have tocirculate them. 78. Ambassador Rossidesalluded to Turkish troops in .. Cyprus and said that they had taken part'in .the figllting. Once again, thisisuntrue. The troops which we:re there .did not take part in the fight:i.ng. They did not tire a l'Single shot. They are disciplined troops and they remained disciplined throughout. When we think that these soldiers saw ·how their own people were being murdered aU aro1,llld them,saw how Turkswere being ma~sacred,we reaiize how difficultitmusthave been for them tocontrol themselves. They did control themselves,however, to theend,because they were under the· orders of· a Government which from the beginning has soughtonlyone thing.....concilïation,peace and a cease-fire-and has done its utmost to prevent . massacres. 79. Much has been saict about aircrait flying over Cyprus. It has been stated that therewere a number of flights. This has already been explained by a communiqué from my Government. There was only one. 80. After days had been .spent in efforts to obtain a cease-firé, lifter the cease-fire had p13en ag:reed to and thell repeatedly violated by the· Cypriot Greeks, the Turkish GovernIIlent was ooHged to send aircraft over the island one single time ta enforce observance of the cease-fire.During this overflight nothing ha,ppened .of .the killdthat .has been insinuated by Ambassador Ross.ides. 81. Therehas been talkof assurances. lhave said what. l have tosay on that· subject. .Tllere are no Turkish vessels .sailing towards the island, there have' been .no Turkish vesselson their. way to the island. One assurance that we shouldlike tohaye is thattheEOKA .[National Organization of Cypriot Fightersl terrorists in. Cyprus willbe goodenough to 83. 1would quote a case where we were expecting an advice for conciliation and, unfortunately, we had a different effect.' ln December 1962 very constructive negotiationswere being carried on by the Greek and the Turkish leildershipinthe island. Itwas just before Christmas last year, and they had agreed on unified municipalities asa basis. They hadagreed on certain provisions which fully guaranteed the rîghts of the Turks. They broke off the talks because ofChristmas. After Christmas there wasa letter from the Vice- President, Dr. Kiiç6k, to th,e Archbishop saying: "We willnotcarry on any more negotiations, because we insist on separate" municipalities". They did not say why they went back on their word and ,onwhat they had agreed, nor did they give any reasonwhy they did not want to. resume, the negotiations. The rumour was spread and it was publisheèlinthe Press-1 cannot guaranteeit was true butI say itwas rumoUiied in the Press and it wasnot denied:""that itwas the Turkish Ani.1:lassador there who prevented the agreement and the conciliation. We had hoped it would be an isolated éase and,that conciliation would come andadvicefrom Ttlrkey for ,some arrangement tocome ta agreed solutions, but, whenthe questionof separatemunicipalitiesbecame ohe of the termsproposedby the Archbishop a few weeks ago, Turkey iIX1mediately turned it down. So where isthe conciliatoryattitude?Ihope that the spirifthat prompts the representativeofTurkeyforwhom ,1 have greàtresp~ct, as,J said before__Will graduallybecome'the spiilt of other lea.ding Turks,in Turkey and in Cyprus. ' [ '""la . 84. 1want to say one more thing. The representative of,Turkey states-and 1 do notwishto contradict himthat Turkey wants the cease-fire and that the Greeks broke the cease-fire, whereas the reports of all the newspapers say the contrary. 1 shall quote the New York World Telegtam. 1 have already, quoted The New York Times and the New York HeraldTribune. Iqü6te from aU kinds of newspa,pers.lt states~ "Nicosia, Cyprus,Deèember 26. 'l'heUnited states and B,ritain'llloved 'indirectlytoday toease the crisis in this island republic, .where the government said Turkish Cypriots fired for four hours th,is morning on Greek Cypriots inviolatioIi ofacease-fir,e agreement." 85. But that is not the point. What is past is pasto Thepointnow is: How canwemove forward? Let us lookto •thé· future and forget the pasto Howcan we bring.about conoiliation,real conciliatïon, and a spirit oftinderstanding, mutual respect and co-operation between·.the Greeksandthe .Turks· of Cyprus? The only way.to.do.this is toceaseinterfer,'ngby force in the Island, .toforgetthe .concept of for ce andtake to the concept o~ reasonandthe United Nations. In this · waywecan .getalong.. 86. 1 suppoSe .Iàïn not allowed to propose a resolutian, and l did not havetime to consult with anyone, but \\1hat \Ve ShoullÎhavewished toseewas aresolution aiJ;ned' atencouragingéo-Qperation between. the two eleméIltsand .•cal1ing· upon ."a.1l. State.s .to respect the ·politi"li.1 L'lcie}lendence' and ·t~rritorialJJ1tegrity of the t~(:}~QlicofÇyprtlsandto refrainfrom anY us.;e or t1t;c~atoff9rceagainstit.That is au wewant: refrain frô,man;yuse or threat of force against it. The. rèpres~ntli.tiY(:} Qf T\Ù'lteYhas justsaid that therewas no mteQ~ion· to send' thesl.ûps .to ·Cyprus. Thereforethere S!J,o!Îl(j,pelioople,ç:tioQtOà resol~tionwhichwouid caP uPOn. .all Statestc:)respectthe politicaliIldependence;lnd te~ritQrialÏll.tegritY'0f. the Jlepublic .of CYPrus alld :J:'~fram •.fl'0IXl·!!Ily~e·· or.·thJ;'eat •of forceagaÏQst it alld, s~con~ny; llt'geth.at.all ooncern(:}d sh0t4dworkfor .péli(leanci tranq,uilljtyiÎl the l1r(:}a. .~d, 1 wOuld .say• agr'e(:} tQ.~eep'thesiWa.tion.underreview ..Inmy opinion, that. woUldl:)(:}a .helpftil resolûtion in this,. case. ..~.7.1VII"~VRAt.•('l'w*ey) .(tral1~latedfrom.J!'rénch): ··Wl1(:}relle\V.spaper·çl,lttiIlgs.are.ccmcerned,.I·nowhav~ $ome'l1~remYs~l;fallciJhavema.nYIXlOreinreserve. '. '.' .+lü.sis~(:}?'t'I'aotfrom:th~Christian Science Monitol"- ."of2~1)~c~I#b~r: i' . IXll~"~~#Cet';contin.uedin.Eng1ish.1 ... < ..•••.:••••.•• 'Il:;i.:.•·;sin.c~.'l'~rk$\Vere .thefirstkHledinth~ gun ··~.battl~s in.Nioosia •••".' .~~~.~ii~.·.·.~9t1le.~'~r~çt"'.:f~om ••iTlle.Tim:es.:of .London: Cf ,< !I •• ,tw9T\lrkishCypriot.schoolboyswereshot ....• 'Ilnd:injured.1ateroutsidetheirschoolby Gr(:}ek

IdidnotsaythatI wanted the spirit which emanates from the representative of ~key to affectthe members ofthe Government.1 said thatI would like that spirit to spreadin Turkey and in. Cyprus. 1 did not refer to any Government at all, but 1 referred generally to having it· spread inTurkey and in Cyprus. However, if the representative of Turkey thinks that he does not like that, 1 would certainly retract it. If he does not want the compliment that 1 paid to him, 1would certainly withdraw it. 90. 1 am representing the Government of Cyprus and there is sufficient authority f:rom the President of the Republic to represent mm. If·CYPI'US is sucha country that it cannot have li representative here, that is probably One more reason whythisConstitutionshould be revised-if he thinks that the Constitution is such that they can have 110 representative. r~viser représentant est de 91 :plus Conseil 92 intért;lssées, présume chir cesqir.Je sont convoqué a.près 93.

1 have no more speakersonmy list. Does any member of the Council wish to speak;? 9.2. We nO\\' have heard statements from the interested parties, as well as certain assurances. 1 suppose that the members of the Council may wellwishto consider the statements that we have heard tonight. 1 would thereforesuggest, •.ifthemempers ofthe Council agree, that we ~djournthe meeting. ·The.Council would then' be reconvened, on consultation by the President, when and if it is COillsidered appropriate by the members. 93. If 1 hear no objections, it will be so decided. It was sodecided.