S/PV.1188 Security Council

In accordance with the decision previously taken by the Security CounCil, and if 1 hear no objection, 1 shall invite the representatives of the Sudan, Guinea, Ghana, Belgium, the Congo (Brazzaville), Algeria, Mali, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, the United Arab Republio, Burundi, Kenya, the Central African Republic, Uganda and Tanzania to participate in the debate without the right to vote.

Before continuing with the discussion of this item, 1 should like to draw the attention of the members of the Council to the amendment [S/ 61281 u submitted by eighteen African States to the draft resolution of the IVOrY Coast and Morocco [S/6123/Rev.l].~ 1 would draw attention further to the fact that under rule 38 of the provisional rules of procedure of the Security Council, this amendment cari be put to the vote only at the request of a representative on the Security Council. 3, Mr. FEDORENKO (Union of Soviet Socialist Republits) (translated from Russian): Mr. President, the Soviet delegation deems it necessary to make the following statement in connexion with the vote we are about to take on draft resolution S/6123/Rev.l. 4. The Security Council is approaching the completion if its three weeks’ consideration of the item on the armed aggression by Belgium and the United States in the Congo. The very fact that the Council has given such close attention to this question and also the fact that. in the course of the discussion, SO many independent African States found it necessary to express their vigorous protest against the inadmissible actions of the aggressors, clearly demonstrate that the Belgian and United States intervention, launched in the very heart of Africa, constitutes a serious threat to peace and security and to the independent development of the Young African States. 5, In their thoroughly substantiated statements, the representatives of the African countries gave afitting rebuff to those who in our time, now, in the second half of the twentieth Century, are trying to revert to the old colonialist methods, who refuse to abide by the provisions of the United Nations Charter or of the historic Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, or to accept the fact that today, when the former colonial peoples have won a fully equal voice and are building UP their strength, the imperialist policy of gross interfepence in the domestic affairs of freedom-loving peoples is doomed to failure. 6. The ringing vaice of Africa, heard in this chamber, vividly illustrates how times have changed, and this should be taken into account by those who still try to think in terms of inveterate colonialism. The demands of the independent countries of Africa have u For rhe text of rhis amendmenr, see the record of the 1187th meeting of the Council, para. 12. 2/FOr the Lext of the draft resolution, sec the record of the 1186th meeting of the Councll, para. 9, 7. These legitimate demands of the African States bave been endorsed, in the Security Council as elsewhere, by a11 who are really prepared to support the African States in their efforts to eliminate this dangerous focus of tension in the heart ofAfrica, who are prepared not in words but by deeds to help strengthen the truc independence of the African States. 7. Ces justes demandes des Etats africains ont 6% appuyées, notamment au Conseil de sécurité, par tous ceux qui sont vraiment prêts à soutenir les Etats africains dans leur désir de liquider ce dangereux foyer de tension au cœur de l’Afrique, tous ceux qui sont pr&s, non pas en paroles mais par leurs actes, a aider a la consolidation de l’indépendance r6elle des Etats africains, S. Unfortunately, as the Minister for ForeignAffairs of Mali rightly said in his statement of 10 December to the Council [11’71st meeting], the present composition of the Security Council-as was once again @vident during its consideration of the present item-reemphasizes the need for a more equitable representation in the Council of the Young independent States, the States most immediately threatened by the forces of colonialism and neo-colonialism. 8. Malheureusement, comme le Ministre des affaires étrangeres du Mali I’a reIev8 & bon droit dans son discours au Conseil le 10 décembre [1171&me séance], la composition actuelle du Conseil de securité - on a pu le voir au cours de la discussion de cette question - a montré une fois de plus la nécessité d’y assurer une représentation plus éyuitable des jeunes Etats indépendants, qui sont les premiers a être menaces par les forces du colonialisme et du neocolonialisme. 9. As far as the Soviet Union is concerned, as we a11 know, it is the first of the permanent members of the Security Council to ratify the amendments to the United Nations Charter providing for a more equitable representation in the Security Council, of the countries of Asia and Africa. 9. Pour ce qui est de l’Union soviétique, elle a etté, je le rappelle, le premier des membres permanents du Conseil de sécurit6 B ratifier B la Charte des NationsUniesquiprevoientune sentation au sein du Conseil. 10. Pour les raisons ‘que je viens d indiquer et B cause de l’opposition ouverte de ceux qui pensent pouvoir, gr&ce à leur position au Conseil, éviter de répondre de leurs actions agressives au Congo, le projet de r6solution dont le Conseil est saisi est malheureusement loin d’exprimer complétement les demandes légitimes des Etats africains qui ont requis l’aide du Conseil. En particulier, lution ne nomme. pas les pays qui sont responsables des actes d’agsession diriges contre le peuple congolais, bien que le monde entier connaisse leur nom, et il ne prononce pas la condamnation que mérita l’intervention armée de ces pays au Congo. 10. For the reasons we have mentioned-owing to the open opposition of those who see fit to use their standing in the Security Council to try to evade responsibility for the aggressive actions in the Congo -the draft resolution submitted to the Council unfortunately does not fully reflect the legitimate demands of the African States which have turned to the Security Council for help. In particular, no mention by name is made in the draft resolution of those who are responsible for the aggressive actions against the Congolese people, even though the whole world kaows who they are; nor does it adequately condemn the armed intervention of those countries inthe Congo. 11. D’autre part, les 18 Etats africains qui ont saisi le Conseil,de securité ont présent6 une serie d’observations importantes quant au texte actuel de ce projet de résolution. formulees dans les dernieres interventions du distingué représentant de la Cuir&e. Il. mat is more, the eighteen African States which brou@ this complaint before the SeCUritY Council bave made a number of telling observations about the draft resolution in its present form. These observations were made, in particular, by the rePresentative of Guinea in his last statements to the Council. 12. La delégation soviétique estime que les vues clairement qui ont pris l’initiative être dament prises en consid8ration dans le projet de riisolution, avant qu’il ne soit mis aux voix. Agir autrement, ce serait faire fi de l’opinion de la partie la plus directement intéressée dans cette affaire. 12. Tbe Soviet delegation believes that the ClearlY express& point of view of the African States uPon whose initiative this item was brought before the Council should be duly taken into account in ths draft resolution before it is put to the vote. To act otherwise would be to ignore the opinion of the PartY most directly concerned in this question.

My delegation has listened most carefully to the important statement which the representative of the Soviet Union has just made. In view of that statement, and in the spirit of co-operation and friendship which has always governed relations between the Moroccan and the Soviet Union delegations in the Security Council, my delegation feels that the amendment which he has been good enough to support deserves our full attention. In order for a draft resolution to be adopted by a11 the members of the Security Council, we feel it must contain a11 the elements of compromise which would enable a11 parties to support it. 15. 1 wish to state, first and foremost, that from the beginning of this debate the Moroccan delegation has left no stone unturned to ensure that its actions and its efforts would be a genuine reflection of what the Africans want for the Congo. It has been our constant concern to ensure that our initiatives-especially the draft resolution we have submitted jointly with the Ivory Coast-are given the most thorough and comprehensive study. 1 may say that if these efforts do not ultimately produce tangible results, that Will undoubtedly be due to an accident of history, not to Moroccan policy in Africa. 16. My country’s policy is one of liberation, progress and struggle against a11 forms of foreign domination in Africa. We have always associated our action, at both the African and the international levels, with that of the peoples which have waged the battle for the liberation of a11 nations, whether in Africa or elsewhere. As evidence of that 1 need merely recall the policy which we mopped out and adopted with regard to the Congo. When the Congolese Government, born of independence and led by the national hero Patrice Lumumba, appealed to the peoples of Africa, Morocco was the first country to respond. We gave it substantial assistance through the United Nations, for at one point the Moroccan contingents were the most numerous and the most efficient in the Congo. But we have also provided the Congolese Government with a11 kinds of direct assistance. We have always shouldered our responsibilities and we have always denounced the machinations of colonialism &Signet3 either to disrupt the national unity of the Congo or to destroy the country’s independence and sovereignty in the political or economic sphere. 17. 1 therefore say that if Morocco’s efforts in the Security Council within the last few days or hours of its mandate are not crowned with success, 1 cari only attribute it to an unfortunate accident of history, as sometimes happens to peoples-for it is certainly not due to Moroccan policy. At a11 events, if our efforts do not meet with success, that willnot prevent 18. You Will recall that we did not shirk our responsibilities when, at the beginning of this debate, we hacl before us two complaints, one from a number of States Members of the United Nations and the other lodged by the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We fully supported the discussion of the first complaint and we decided to vote against the second, which, we felt, did not meet a11 the necessary conditions for consideration by the Security Council. 18. Vous vous rappellerez que lorsque, au début de ce débat, nous avons étB saisis de deux plaintes, l’une emanant d’un certain nombre de pays Membres de l’Organisation des Nations Unies, l’autre for.mulBe par la Republique democratique du Congo, pas hésité ti prendre nos responsabilités. donne pleinement notre accord pour que la premiére plainte soit discutée au Conseil et nous avons decidé de voter contre la seconde plainte qui, selon nous, n’avait pas toutes les justifications necessaires pour &re prise en considération par le Conseîl de &curité. 19. Since then our action has always been comprehensive and dynamic in support of a formula which the Security Council could adopt and which would be in keeping with the aspirations and aims of the Organization of African Unity. 19. Depuis cette date, notre action a toujours &‘é une action compr&hensive et dynamique en faveur d’une formule que le Conseil de S&urit& puisse adopter et qui soit conforme en même temps aux aspirations et aux objectifs de l’Organisation africaine, 20. We have now reached a final stage at which it is imperative for everyone to shoulder bis responsibilities. In the same spirit of understanding and in the hope that it Will be possible to go through with this policy of co-operation and collaboration, my delegation, in agreement with the Ivory Coast delegation, has decided to take into consideration the amendment sponsored by the African delegations which presented the complaint to the Security Council, and which was presented to the Council by the Soviet Union delegation. 20. Nous sommes maintenant parvenus à un stade ultime oh il est absolument ni5cessaire que chacun prenne ses responsabilites; c’est pourquoi, toujours dans un esprit de compr&ension d’aller jusqu’au bout dans cette politique de coopération et de collaboration, avec la délbgation de la C&e-d’ivoire, prendre en consid8ration l’amendement prC?,senl& les del8gations africaines qui ont porté plainte devant le Conseil de sécurité et soumis %t celui-ci par la d&5gation sovi8tique. 21. As I said in my statement yesterday, we feel that this amendment raises a question of principle and that it might be regarded as a kind of delegation of the Security Council’s powers to a regional organization. Nevertheless, since a major delegation which is a permanent member of the Security Council has decided to sponsor it, and since that delegation has always been one of those which have been the most steadfast in upholding the Security Council’s prerogatives, we considered that we Africans had no reason to be more wedded to the Security Council’s prerogatives than the others, especially when they are permanent members of the Security Council such as the Soviet Union. 21. Nous pensons - et cela, je l’ai dit hier dans ma déclaration - que cet amendement pose un problbme de principe, sorte de d&Z+gation de pouvoirs du Conseil de sécurité au profit donne qu’une importante d&$gation, manent du Conseil de s8curit8, a décidé dele prendre B son compte, et vu que cette délégation. a toujours étB l’une de celles qui se sont montrées le plus fermement attachées au respect des prérogatives Conseil de &curité, Africains, plus attachés aux prérogatives autres, surtout quand i3 s’agit des membres permanents du Conseil de sécurit8, de la délegation sovîé- tique, 22. Compte tenu de toutes ces considérations, mon coll&ue convenus d’inclure le texte qui fait l’objet du document S/6128 dans notre projet de r&olution, pour se substituer au paragraphe 6, mais en tant que paragraphe supplémentaire. Je crois que, dans ces conditions, tout en donnant satisfaction B la dél&gation soviétique, la suppression risquerait decompromettre gravement le sort de notre projet de résolution. 22. In the light of a11 these considerations, my colleague from the Ivory Coast and 1 have agreed that the text contained in document S/6128 should be included in our draft resolution, net, however, in replacement of paragraph 6 but as an additional paragraph. 1 think that in this way, while satisfying the Soviet Union delegation, we shall also be retaining a paragraph the omission of which could serîously jeopardize the fate of our draft resolution. 23. Compte tenu de ces pr8cisions, est donc d’accord avec celle de la CBte-d’ivoire, 23. In line with these explanations, my delegation, with the approval of the Ivory Coast delegation, iS 25. A closer analysis of the amendment before us shows that there would be no contradiction if the proposed paragraph were added to our revised draft resolution, Indeed, as we explained yesterday, operative paragraph 1 of our text, which requests a11 States to refrain or desist from intervening in the domestic affairs of the Congo; paragraph 2, which appeals for a cesse-fire in the Congo; paragraph 3, in which the Council considers that the mercenaries should as a matter of urgency bc withdrawn, and paragraph 5, in which it requests a11 States to assist the Organization of African Unity in the attainment of these objectives-a11 these paragraphs ‘are, in effect, de- Gisions taken by the Security Council. Indeed, the OAU cannot be expected to undertake expulsions or to take it upon itself to prevent other States from intervening in a country’s domestic affairs. Consequently, it is for the Security Council to ensure through its executive organ, that is to say, the Secretary- General, that paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 5 are properly respected. 26. On the other hand, it is the duty of the Organization of African Unity to report to the Security Council and to keep it informed of the steps it has taken under operative paragraph 4, which requests the OAU to help the Congolese Government to achieve national reconciliation, in other words, to solve the basic problem. 27. Cotisequently, we feel that paragraph 6 of the draft resolution and the paragraph to which the amendment refers are not contraclictory and that the end of our text might read as follows: “6. Requests the Organization of African Unity, in accordance with Article 54 of the Charter of the United Nations, to keep the Security Council fully informed of any action it may take under the present resolution; “7. Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations to follow the implementation of the present resolution, to follow the situation in the Congo and to report to the Security Council at the appropriate tirne”,

Before I give the floor to the representative of Guinea, 1 think it is my duty once again to draw attention to the fact that the debate on the Congo has occupied the Council now for sixteen meetings. We have been working on this problem for some forty hours and we have heard more than thirty speakers. Iam therefore making an appeal for brevity in order that we may reach a positive solution. It is in the interest of US a11 and particularly in the interest of the people of the Dem,Dcratic Republic of the Congo that we should do SO. \

1 thank the President for giving me the floor once again and 1 venture to hope that this discussion, which, as he has just reminded us, has taken up a great deal of time in the Security Council, may very soon be concluded, to the satisfaction not only of the members of the Council but of the Congolese people and, of course, of a11 the African people. 31. We have just heard a proposa1 put forward by our two African brothers in the Security Council, the representatives of Morocco and the Ivory Coast, with reference to the amendment that 1 had the honour to submit yesterday on behalf of the eighteen African countries which brought the complaint concerning the Belgian-American military intervention at Stanleyville before the Security Council. 32. In spite of the short time available to us, we had had an opportunity to consult together in order to be able to give the Council the opinion of those eighteen States on the proposa1 which has just been made. 33. In the first place, however, 1 should like to say that, with reference to the responsibilities whose vital importance everyone has seen fit to stress, the responsibilities which everyone must assume, we have never avoided them; we bave never failed in the duty of every African, 0: every representative of an independent African oountry, to shoulder a11 his responsibilities in regard to the Congo question. We faced our responsibilities from the first day of the independence of the Congo. TO the extent of our modest means, we contributed to the United Nations action in the Congo by supplying troops to assist, within the framework of ONUC, in the restoration of peace and the establishment of conditions of stability, independence and freedom for the Congolese people. We followed a consistent course when, in spite of the presence of the United Nations, Patrice Lumumba, the Congolese Prime Minister, was .arrested, illtreated, toreured and put to death in the prisons of TshombB, who was at that time called “Mr. Tiroir- Caisse”. We have always faced our responsibilities when it was necessary to denounce the activities of Tshombé, who has been, and still is, the representative in the Congo of the worst type of colonialist interests. 36. We are not among those who fear responsibilities; hence, in the matter of this draft resolution too, we are determined to shoulder our responsibilities and to present the problem in a11 clarity. We have stated that this draft does not include a11 the points which might have aroused our enthusiasm; neveptheless, we were able to agree to most of its provisions. We protested against the rather lenient way in which the problem of the mercenaries has been treated. Who are these mercenaries, and what does the Security Council think about them? 37. In order that the Security Council may know without any doubt who these mercenaries are 1 propose, with the permission of the President, to read an article which appeared on 24 December 1964 in a French newspaper, Le nouvel Observateur; it was written by a certain Geoff Munn, a mercenary who recently deserted because he was SO disgusted with the work he was forced to do. This article is worth reading before this high international body. You will then understand that it was in the light of our responsibilities that we urged the Security Council to make a clear declaration on the necessity ofremoving these murderers, these lawless and unprincipled people from the Congo. 38. 1 must apologize, Mr. President, for speaking at some length, but 1 feel that it is essential that the members of the Security Council should know about this article. 1 quote: “A paid murderer; that’s what 1 was. And 1 was sick of killing. Anything rather than having to kil1 again! 1 had reached that point because of a massacre following an incident on the road to Stanleyville. There were about a thousand whites there, completely panic-stricken. The town was in the hands of the rebels. With other white*‘commandos’-some mercenaries-we had to get to within firing range of Stanleyville. On the road, one of our seven-ton Fords, a new one, had broken down. We had had to abandon it after having taken with us a11 our equipment. We took refuge in the bush, leaving two cirums of petrol in the truck. At the end of the afternoon we came back to repair thevehicle, It had been completely destroyed. Our commander was a Young “We always arrived unexpectedly. We opened fire without warning. We swooped down upon them. We burned a11 their pathetic little hovels. 1 suppose the aim was to spread terrer and to showthe rebels our determination-and what awaited them. sans masures de terroriser, termination “This latest attack seemed more unnecessary, Pitiless and hideous than the others. The inhabitants were probably completely unaware of what the rebels were doing. Did they even know that the Ford had been destroyed? We reached me village before nightfall. The women were coming and going, quite unsuspectingly, fetching water. The children were playing in the dust, laughing and calling to each other. We stopped for a few moments in the bush and watched. Then came the order to fire. Our new Belgian machine-guns openedfire. Women screamed and fell. The kids froze in their tracks and were mown clown by the hail of bullets. We reloaded and kept on firing. Some of our men placed drums of petrol against the huts and set fire to them with matches. Others threw phosphorus grenades, which transformed the victims into human torches which could not be extinguished. There were moans, screams and the cries of the blacks begging for mercy. And through it a11 there were the extraordinary yells of the commandos, who were obviously enjoying it. li’inally, once we were outside the village there was silence. Far away there were the faint cries of the wounded and the cries of the tropical birds in the warm and humid night air.” impitoyable, tants gestes avait avant la tombée de la nuit, Sans mefiance, les femmes allaient jouaient Nous les herbes, Nos fusils-mitrailleurs, F.N. Des lapins nuant à tirer. contre lumette. - elles humaines hurlements, A travers commandos: dehors peine discernables tropicaux 39. P~LIS long, mais j’ai l’impression ferait se trouvent lire des membres un jugement Congo. au Congo la pérennité 39. 1 shall stop here; the article is a great deal longer, but I think it would be too nauseating for the sensitive ones among us if 1 were to read the whole of it. 1 shall keep this newspaper at the disposition of the members of the Council, SO that they may form their own opinion on these indescribable acts committed in the Congo, Why, and for what purpose, are these things done? In order to ensure theperpetuation of colonialist interests in the Congo. 40. nous nialistes pour avons faisants. 40. It is in the discharge of our responsibilities that we have protested here against those colonialist interests and have spared no effort in order to obtain satisfactory results in the negotiations which we undertook. 41. ne conf&re c’est ici inévitable positions rité nous n’avons et accepter le projet 41. Mem’oership to the Security Council does not confer any particular virtues. Since, however, it is by virtue of being a member that it is possible to submit specific problems here, it was inevitable that in oux actions we should take into account the attitudes of a11 the members of the Security Council towards this problem. It is for that reason that we have not given up hope of having our arguments abcut the draft resolution before the Council understood and accepted. 43. We came before the Security Council; we placed the whole problem before it; we asked the Council to shoulder its responsibilities and we, for our Part, shouldered ours, That is how the problem was Presented and that is how we wanted it to be. We hope that no one is going to criticize us for it. 44. With regard to the draft amendment, we must say that we are glad that our two brothers on the Security Council have found it possible to include it in their draft resolution. 45. Naturally, no one wants there to be any ambiguity in this draft resolution which would make its implementation impossible. For that reason, while expressing our satisfaction at this effort on the part of our two brothers in the Security Council, we should like to tel1 them that we should be quite prepared to have this text represent the consensus of opinion of the Security Council if the words “to follow the implementation of the present resolution” were deleted from paragraph 6 of the revised draft resolution [S/6123/Rev.l] SO that that paragraph would read: “Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations to follow the situation in the Congo and to report t0 the Security Council at the appropriate time. It This shows that we are prompted by the best possible intentions and by feelings which are concerned solely with the best interests of the Congolese people, 46. In this connexion, we should like to say that, while aCCePting the counsels of wisdom which may be offered to us, we are obliged to point out that wisdom should corne in the first place from the highest organ of the United Nations and that tisdom should inspire the behaviour of the great powers in as Organization, which, unfortunately, have not given us a verY good example UP to thepresent. We were asked to display wisdom when Lumumba was murdered, and again when Mr. Tshombé obtainedprotection in certain Consulates, among them the British Consulate, in Katanga; wisdom was recommendedwhen Mr. Tshombb was brought back and parachuted into the Congo t. become the spokesman of imperialism and of colonialist interests; wisdom was recommended to us I

In the golden age of Spanish literature there was a Jesuit named Gracian who wrote down his thoughts, and those thoughts were compiled in a work of art which Schopenhauer considered the best bcok ever written. In it the following observation appears: “There is always time to insert a word but there is nevex time to remove one.” 1 myself feel that a11 this diatribe that we have heard should have been limited to its conclusion, which certainly deserves attention. Al1 of LIS here are aware of our responsibilities and we know that there is not a single African State here which seeks to shirk them. It is precisely because we are shouldering our responsibilities that we submitted our draft resolution. 48, littbrature Gracian, ont été rassemblées hauer monde. temps temps toute do se limiter certaine responsabilit& Etat africain justement notre projet de résolution. 49. We a11 know what the mercenaries axe and we have said here what we think of them. We have a11 declared that the mercenaries must be withdrawn from the Congo, even if we probably differ about the means of achieving this. We note thattheorganization of African Unity has taken a decision calling fox the withdxawal of the mercenaries. We note also that the meroenaries are still in the Congo. We are now asking the Security Council to take another decision on this matter, knowing full well that it is not going to mobilize armies to drive the mercenaries out of the Congo. We are sure that we shall a11 find the right proceduxe to convince the Government of the Congo that the use of mexoenaries is immoral and is repugnant to African opinion. As we said when introducing our draft resolution, we axe convinced that the Government of the Congo should not and cannot isolate itself from the rest of Africa and that khe withdxawal of the mercenaries is precisely one of the conditions to be fulfilled if the African States are to revise their attitude vis-&-vis the Government of the Congo. But we do not think that it is by banging on the Council table that we shall achieve this. 49. et, ici m&me, nous avons dit ce que nous en pensions. Nous avons tous dbclaré que les mercenaires être doute sur les moyens de les retirer, que l’Organisation decision constatons au Congo. de prendre sachant aller chasser certains faut suivre que ‘llemploi répugne dit en expliquant sommes ne doit pas et ne peut pas s’isoler le retrait conditions revoient ment du Congo. Mais nous ne pensons pas en frappant r6ussir 50. représentant au nom desquels cepter la proposition du Maroc 50, We axe very glad to hear from the representative of Guinea that the States for which he spoke are prepared to accept the proposed revision of our draft resolution suggested by the representativeofMorocco and myself. We hope that, if it is not too late, the 55. It has been proposed that we should delete the phrase Yo follow the implementation of the present resolution” from paragraph 6 of aux draft resolution. If it is felt that the whole of this draft resolution, from the beginning of the preamble down to the end of the last operative paragraph, might be useful in the search for a solution of the Congolese problem, is it really necessary, for the sake of a phrase, to reopen the whole issue if we do not accept that deletien? 1 do feel that we must be consistent. Are we, for the first time, going to jeopardize a draft resolution simply because it requests the executive organ of the Security Council, namely the Secretary-General, to follow the implementation of a resolution adopted by the Council, when the United Nations Charter itself recognizes this as being within the competence of the Secretary-General? 52. 1 really think that this is as far as we cari go. In any case, the Ivory Coast delegation is no longer prepared to withdraw a single word from its draft resolution. We ask that our draft be put to the vote, since the debate is no longer open. We were actually about to proceed to the vote. An amendment has been supported by the Soviet delegation and we have agreed to incorporate that amendment into our draft resolution. It now remains to put the draft resolution as a whole to the vote.

The Moroccan delegation fully shares the concern shown by you, Mr. President, in reminding US that this debate has lasted a long time. Al1 we want is that it should end as quickly as possible and in the best circumstances. 54. I should like to say to my brother and friend, the representative of Guinea, that we fully agree with him about the mercenaries. 1 think the best way to describe the mercenaries is by the expression I used at an earlier meeting, when 1 said that they were the most odious manifestation of the disease which is at present eating away the body of the Congo, Thus what the representative of Guinea has just said and quoted merely confirms what we have already declared in the Security Council in the most categorical terms. 55. 1 should like also to express my delegation’s appreciation of the understanding that the representative of Guinea, on behalf of himself and bis COsponsors, was good enough to show with regard to our Suggestion to add to our draft resolution the paragraph which was proposed by the eighteen African signatories of the complaint and supported by the Soviet delegation. We felt that it might well improve the draft resolution and in a spirit of co-operation, 57. This last suggestion, which, I repeat, is not essential either for the signatories of the complaint or for the members of the Security Council, must not create an insurmountable obstacle and give rise to last-minute difficulties, for that might be disastrous as far as the situation in the Congo is concerned. On behalf of the Moroccan delegation, therefore, 1 take the liberty of making a friendly and fraternal appeal to our colleague from Guinea, and to a11 our friends, not to press their suggestion, SO that we may be able to vote on the draft resolution and conclude, once and for all, a debate whichhas lastedall too long. This is the first time that’ 1 have ventured to make such an appeal to them, I do SO in the most serious and friendly way, to beg them not to press the matter and to allow us to vote on the draft resolution. 5’7. Cette derniére essentielle pour pas faire cela sur de la délégation marocaine, un appel Guinde pas voix pour toutes une discussion duré. leur plus solennelle tent r&olution. 58. a pas d’autres de ri$sumer

If there are no further speakers, 1 shall take the liberty of summarizing the situation as follows. 59. cr&tes le représentant ment remplacer de résolution est par les reprbsentants 59. There are two specific proposals upon which the Security Council must vote: one proposal, supported by the representative of the Soviet Union, is the amendment submitted by eighteen African countries [S/6128], which consists in replacing operative paragraph 6 of the revised draft resolution with a new teti; the other proposa1 is the revised draft resolutionitself [S/6123/ Rev.11, submitted by the representatives of the Ivo~~ Coast and Morocco. 60. un seul vote sur demander accepterait un paragraphe au lieu de se substituer 60. In the hope that the Council may be able to act on this long and difficult problem bymeans of a single vote, 1 should like to enquire of the representative of the Soviet Union whether he would be prepared to agree that his proposa1 could be incorporated as a new paragraph in the revised draft resolution, instead of replacing one of the paragraphs. 62. The Soviet delegation listened With particular attention and interest to the representative of Guinea, who, on behalf of the eighteen African States which appealed to the Security Council, brought further clarity and additional considerations of principle to our understanding of the situation. We entirely share the feeling of responsibility which motivates and guides the representatives of the African States who are taking part in the consideration of this most important question in the highest organ of the United Nations, 63. In his arguments in support of the draft resolution, Mr. Usher, among other things, drew upon the historical experience of othex nations and, in particular, cited certain literary classics from what he referred to as the golden age of Spanish artistic creativily. 64. Doubtless, any reference to sources of experience and wisdom cannot but contribute to the success of our work. 1 understand his desire to find support for his words, which he has already expressed on paper, but 1 do not quite understand the argument he is using. There is much truth and wisdom in the source he cited, but there is also some of that verbal casuistry which, not only in Spain but also elsewhere, has been referred to not very flatteringly as “Jesuitical” casuistry. And since Mr. Usher has had recourse to literary classics, let us net close our eyes to certain other cultures whioh, until recently, have been artificially tut off from us by artificial walls. And if we are to turn to the popular wisdom of other cultures, may 1 invite you, Mr. Usher, to consider the experience of the peoples of the Far East, In the treasure-houses of their artistic and literary creations one mayfind some highly instructive things. In particular, there exists the very profound concept that every noun, every Word, should reflect its substance-its content. And if a word does not reflect itS content, then it must be changed and brought into harmony with its content. If the spoken Word, and still more the written Word, is not in harmony with its content, and does not express its content or, worse still, contradicts its content, then wisdom dictates that the noun, the Word, be changed and another noun be found that is more clearly expressive of its content. The very fact that we recognize the inconsistency of a wording is itself highly important, but if we follow your logic, we simply do not find within ourselves the courage to recognize the discrepancy let alone change the wording. The wisdom of the Far East commands that a discrepancy, once detected, should be corrected without fail, and that other words should be found which express the truc state of affairs. 66. May 1 say that everything that has been said, and what we have heard, gives us reason to believe that we are very close to taking a decision that at least would not be objectionable to the interested parties. It appears to me that we should now be given at least a little more time to weigh the situation once again and work towards a decision which could perhaps be reached even today by the Security Council. 66. interventions sommes tout part peu de temps encore pour faire lepoint et pour pouvoir, une decision. 67. With regard to the proposa1 of the Soviet delegation, Mr. President, may I confirm it and say that we are in favour of replacing operative paragraph 6 with the paragraph which appears indocument S/6128. 67. je voudrais, prbiser du dispositif document 68. May 1 again express the hope that we shall succeed in arriving at the necessaxy decision if the fruitful efforts of the parties concerned are continued at least for the rest of today. 68. poir n6cessaire leurs

Delays, inevitable despite the goodwill of the Council members, lead me to believe that, unless the members of the Council think otherwise, it would be desirable to adjourn this meeting, and to resume the debate on this item at 3.30 this afternoon. 69. seil de ses membres, que les representants lever 15 h 30.

As you said a little while ago, Mr. President, we feel, especially as you have reminded us, that the general debate should be considered as closed. We should therefore proceed to the vote this afternoon, and, of course, to any explanations of vote: we should proceed in the same manner with the amendments. At any rate, 1 think we should proceed to the vote this afternoon. 70. dit tout à l’heure, - d’autant débat genéral doit &re tout demême considéré termina; à la procédure tions concerne je. crois midi, nous passerons

1 fully share the view expressed by the representative of the Ivory Coast; naturally, however, 1 shall give the floor to any representative who wishes to speak. In any event, 1 would hope that, at this afternoon’s meeting, we might begin voting, and thus bring this long debate to an end. 71. entierement dWoire, B tout reprbsentant je souhaite apres-midi The meeting rose at 1.15 p.m. HOW TO OBTAIN UNITED United Nations publications distributors throughout the Write to: United Nations, Sales COMMENT SE PROCURER LES Les publications des Nations Unies agences dépositaires du monde entier. ou adressez-vous à: Nations Unies, COMO CONSEGUIR PUBLICACIONES Las publicaciones de las Naciones casas distribuidoras en todas partes diriiase a: Naciones Unidas, Section I Litho in U.N. Price: $U*S. 0.35 (or equivalent in other currencies)