S/PV.1192 Security Council

Pursuant to a decision prevlously taken on this matter. 1 propose, subject to the approval of the Council, to invite the representatives of Cyprus, Turkey and Greece to participate in the discussion of tbls item without the right to vote. At the invitation of President, M?. S. Kyprianpu (Crprus), Mr. 0. Eralp (Turkey) and Mr. D. S. Bitsios (Greece) took places at tbe Comcil table.

First of ail. ths USSR delegation cannot but draw attention to the tact that the meeting of the Security Council, scheduled by the President for 3 p.m., has begun a whole heur late. Moreover. the members of the Security Council have not been informed of the reasonsfor suchan irregular procedure. 3. The Security Council is today again consldering the question of Cyprus in connexion with the Secretary- General’6 report on the United Nations operation in Cyprus during the period 13 December 1964 to 10 March 1965 [S/6228 and Corr.1 and Add.l],l/ and the expiry of the term of the prevlous mandate granted 5. The Soviet Union defends the independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus, which must enjoy genuine independence and security. TO thls end it is essential that a11 foreign troops should be wlthdrawn from its terrltory and foreign military bases liquidated. 6. The Cypriot people, both Greeks and Turks. must themselves settle a11 the interna1 affairs of their country without foreign interference. 7. The Soviet Union advocates a peaceful settlement of the Cyprus question. 8. The report of the Secretary-General whichhae been presented to the Security Council contains a recommendation to entend the operations of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for an additional period of three months, or until 26 June 1965. 9. The Soviet Union has no objection to this recommendatlon provided, of course, that the three-month extension of the maintenance of the United Nations Force in Cyprus is governed hy the provisions of Sscurity Councll resolution 186 (1964) of 4 March 1964; in other words, provided that the present functions of United Nations troops in Cyprus and the existing system of financing those troops are maintained.

Imust apologize for the fact that the Council’s meeting has been somewhat delayed, but this was due to the fact that some members of the Counci? were consultlng wlth each other and with the parties concsrned in the problem with which we are deallng. While offerlng my apologies to the Council, 1 feel 1 should add that the heur. lost today may well have saved a full day of debate.

As the United Nations Force in Cyprus celebrates its first anniversary, we approach a crltical stae in the Cyprus question. 12. The Mediator is charged under paragraph 7 of resolution 186 (1964) passed by tbis Counoil to ” . . . use his best endeavours . . . for thepurposeof promoting a peaceful solution and an agreed settlement of the problem confronting Cyprus, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, having in mind the well-being of the people of Cyprus as a whole and the preservation of international peace and security.” 13. As we know, he is in the process of completing his first report to the Secretary-General on his efforts. < 15. If this car. be brought about, it Will be an important achlevement for the people of Cyprus themselves, for the Unlted Nations, who Will be able to record a further success in its peace-keeping efforts, and for those concepts of settlement by negotlatlon and medlatlon to which the Charter gives expression. 16. It is thus the hope of the BritishGovernment that all concerned wlll be determined durlng tbis perlod to avoid hasty or rigid judgements snd tbat they &ll approach the coming months without prejudice and wlth as much tolerance and flexibility as they cari muster. 1’7. More than ever before is it necessary for a11 Member States. and in partlcular those concerned directly with the Cyprus problem. toaotinaocordanoe with the first operative psragraph c: the resolutlon of 4 March 1964, and to refrain, in wnformity wlth their obligations under the Charter. from any action, or threat of action. likely to worsen the situation. 18. The Secretary-General% latest report [S/6228 and Corr.1 and Add.l] makes it very clear how precarious is the peace and how close to the surface lie all the potentlal elements for a further outbreak of violence. 19. The anxleties of the British Government about the various aspects of the situation bave been made clear in previous speeches in the Councll. but in particular 1 would draw attention tci what Sir Patrick Dean sald in his speech of 19 June 1964 11137th meeting] about the arms build-up and the serlous effects wblch it could bave. 20. The indications in paragraphs 35 to 40 of the Secretary-General% report of a contlnulng bulld-up, point to a very serious development and, more than anythlng else, underline the crucial need for responslble bebaviour and restraint, SO that during these important weeks ahead there may be a period of calm and peace wlthln Cyprus itself. 21. These consideratlons cari only lead to one conclusion. Thls is that the mandate of UNFICYP must be renewed for a further period. for a11 are, I believe. in agreement th2.t the United Nations Force hasplayed a dominant part in keeping the peace. 22. The British Government, therefore, supports the recommendatlon of the Secretary-Generalfor afurther extension of the mandate until 26 June, and Will support an appropriate resolutlon to that effect. 24. Finally, it would be wrong to let this occasion PaSS without expressing our thanks and admiration for the efforts of a11 those who bave been working to put the decisions of the Security Council into effect and to find a solution to the problem which is satisfactory to a11 concerned. We applaud the efforts of General Thimayya and hls staff and of tbe contingents under him, Whlch have led to the success with whlch they are carrylng out their duties. 25. Section C of chapter II of the Secretary-Generalts report describes insomedetail specificactionsundertaken by UNFICYP during the last three months. This shows the vital part which the representative of the Secretary-General and the peace-keeping force bave played in negotiating local arrangements and in PreVenting incidents mounting to conflagration. Tlme and again. Prompt action on the spot bas quieted tiarm and removed misunderstandlng. Time and again patient discussion and impartial advice has had its effect. 26. We salute the efforts of Mr. Bernardes anrl a11 those members of the United Nations Staff who are working together in Cyprus to bring about a return to normal conditions. 27. We hope that serious andfavourable consideration Will be glven by a11 concerned to their latest proposals for improving the situation. 26. We pay trlbute to the energy of the Mediator in hls search for common ground between the parties, and at this crucial stage of hls work we offer hlm our best in his endeavours.

1 cal1 on the next speaker, the tepresentative of Turkey.

It is my sad duty once again to try to set the record straight in the face of the distortions and dissembling to which the Council’ was subjected at great length yesterday. It would take too much «me to deal with every single distortion uttered, SO 1 shall confine myself to the salient fallacies. 31. In the first place, it was said that the Council was now meeting, as it had in the past, under the shadow of threats from Turkey. The Council does not need to be reminded, however, that. oneveryoccasion that the Council was called into session, it was the direct result of Greek Cypriot aggression against their compatriots and the turmoil resulting from it. 32. The expressions “pockets of subversion” and “agents of another country” were often and freely used by Foreign Minister Kyprlanou in order to 33. Yes, there is a pocket of subversion in Cyprus, and that is a source of unrest to the whole of the Middle East-a stepping-stonefor Greekexpansionism toward the East in pursuit of its Alexandrian dreams. After all, it was Archblshop Makarios himself who said, and 1 quote from the Greek newspaper Apogevmatini of 8 September 1964: “If 1 have any ambition, it is to link the name with the union of Cyprus with Greece-the expansion of Greece’s boundaries up to the shores of North Africa through the union of Cyprus. This is my only ambition, for the realization of which 1 shalI continue to struggle till death.” 34. Fore@ Minister Kyprianou insists on placing a tendentious construction on the phrase vas a wholev where paragraph 7of the resolution of 4March requires that the well-being of the people of Cyprus “as a wholev should be borne in mind. In our vlew, there cari be only one interpretation of that term. as it cari only mean that the interests of one community shall net be furthered to the detriment of the other. Both Foreign Minister Kyprianou and the representative of Greece tried to minimize the importance of the beleagured Turkish community in Cyprus. saying that it is a mere one fifth of the population and that the area now controlled by itisnomorethan 1.68 per cent of the area of the Island. It is, of course, tragic that half of the Turkish community is now living within that small area, ready to fight for their lives. But ii must net be forgotten that the property of the Turkish community in Cyprus is 38 per cent of the land. 35. An attempt was made to misrepresent the isolation of the Turkish community as being self-imposed, If. at any time. the Council is interested to hear the 36. In the meantime. 1 would like to quote a sentence from the September report of the Secretary-General, in which he says: “Ever since the outbreak of violence on 21 December 1963, a varlety of restrictions whicb were descrlbed in my report of 15 June have been impooed upon the Turklsh Cypriots. The isolation of the Turkish Cypriot community, due to the restrictions placed on their movement on the roads, brought bardship on the members of the community.. . .v [S/5950, para. 189.]3/ In paragraph 54 of hls present report. the Secretary- General also refers to the “genuine fears” of the members of the Turklsh community. 37. Foreign Mi&ter Kyprianou’s account of the recent events in the Lefka reglon have already been rectlfied by the addendum to the last report of the Secretary-General. 1 would only like to point out that the fiction of Greek Cypriot troop movements havlng taken place for coastal defence is belied particularly by one sentence in the supplementary report which states that most of the trenches dug on the hi11 were facing Lefka. If coastal defence is to lx achieved by the exterminafion of Turks in coastal areas, that is lndeed interesting strategy. As for the fantastic reports of a Turkish submarlne and Turkish shlps in the area. wbich. incidentally. are supposed to have been confirmed by members of the UNFICYP, again the principal report of the Secretary-General merely contains one instance mentioning one unidentified craft whlch might have been-1 repeat: might bave been-a submarine in the Limnitis area. 1 see no reason why tire Secretary-General would suppress reports of other shlps approaohing the area. This is somewhat remlnlscent of the unendlng correspondence in whiah Ambassador Rossides has cried vwolf” about TurkiBh planes flying over Cyprus. The report says. of course, that there have been no confirmed instances of Turkish aircraft flylng over Cyprus. 33. Referenoe has been made to my letter to the Seoretary-General on 9 February [S/6181]& drawing attention to Greek Cypriot preparations for a mass assault on the Turks. The warning that 1 conveyed at the time was based on reliable information, and in faot it has proved timely. It was obviously due to that warnlng that the Greek Cypriots appear to have changed their tactlcs and. instead of a concerted attaok, now deem it more advantageous to pursue a pollcy of piecemeal destruction, beglnnlngwithfortifizf Ibid. I/ Ibid., lWemletb Yenr, Supplement forJanutry. FebruaryandMarcb 1965. 39. Fore@ Minister Kyprianou saidthatthesecurity Council resolution of 4 March 1964 statedspecifically that the Gooernment of Cyprus-tne same Government as today. he observed-had the main responsibility for restoring law and order in Cyprus. Though restoration of law and order is one thlng and defence of the Republic is another, we would like to state here that the resolutlon of 4 March did nothlng to alter, suspend or otherwlse amml the Treaties of Guarantee and Alliance under whlch the common dzfence of Cyprus from external attack is a matter for my Government as well. On the other hand. even on 4 March 1964. the Government of Cyprus was composed of the members of both communities and not simply of the Greeks. Fore@ Minister Kyprlanou should be reminded that Presirlent Makarios, by a mdlateral and arbitrary decision taken on 22 March 1964, publlcly stated thal the Ministries vested in the Turkish Minlsters were handedover “temporarily” to the Greek Ministers. During the perlod between 4 March and 26 March 1964, Turkish Mini&ers were provlded wlth the agenda of the Council of Minlsters, as usual. In fact. the lawful Minister of Defence. who was and stlll is a Turk, made three written submissions to the Council of Ministers for its meeting on 24 March 1964. It was upon thls, and wlth a view to ousting the Turklsh Ministers completely from the Government-somethlng whlch under the Constitution cannot be done by Archbishop Makarios-and well after the 4 March resolution was passed, that Archbishop Makarlos made the public statement 1 have just referred to. 40. Therefore, it is quite clear that there 1s bath de facto and de jure, a very substantial dlfference between the “Government” mentioned in resolution 136 0964) of this Council. and the present Government which bas been turned into a purely Greek CommmW affalr. by force and Q intrigue. 41. Both Fore@ Mini&er Kyprianou and the representative of Greece have consistently referred to “a return to normality”; they have both spokenof freedom and justice without attempting to deflne these princlples. A reiurn to the normal is necessary. Today’s position is abnormal because brute force has been imposed upon the land by those who should have been the guardlans of law and order. TO go back to normal wlthout taking any rlsks is in thelr hands. If they do SO. freedom and justice. accordlng to tbe rule of law, Will return to Cyprus. 42. It 1s not sufficientfor ForeignMinister Kyprlanou to offer equality, freedom and justice to the Turks of Cyprus after havlng attempted to destroy the basic factors-namely the Constitution and the Agreementsupon whloh the freedom, security and justice of the Turks of Cyprus depended. Why have the Greeks attempted to tske away these rights at gunpoint? Why did they do SO at the expense of hundreds of innocent lives? made of tbe appeaf by Archbishop the Turks as an example of bis te ridiculaus. The of the elaborate before December Greek amies under tbe auspices of Archbisbop Makarios, wbo ordered tbe override the ted to retain w bave minority live at tbe mercy of the Greeks as such. of a pardon ever arises. it will ppressed to tbe oppresser; it will authorities who were parties to old-blooded murder of 209 Turks still misaing. Foreign Minister Kyprianou the humau rigbts to the ntster Kyprianou that he two communities, bue facts. There because the Greek ement there. They massolwas necesof arms. They did ant âny trouble in at area. But the Turks live occupied France ther aieas, there line etists, but ide by the ceaselopments in the are the glowing y L119lst meeting, para. 361, the reprece quoted a Shakespearean aphorism my protests. May 1 be allowed ta also fram Shakespeare, which may as to my soltcitude concertdng ng from Othello: TO leave fhat latest which concems hîm firsf, . . . . 48. Ambassador Bitsios, lnstead of corfininghimself to the immediate issue under discussion, went into great detail with regard to the merits of the question of Cyprins. 1 do not propose tofollow his example. The gist of bis remarks was that the Agreements and the Constitution of Cyprus were unworkable. 1 am sending to member delegations copies of anarticle by Christian Heinse, assistant to the President of the Constitutional Court of Cyprus, from which 1 read a brief quotation yesterday. If the members tare to read the chapter on the Greek Cypriot coup d’état. they willlearn from an unassailable source that the Agreements and the Constitution would bave worked but for the determination of the Greek Cypriots to scuttle them in pursuance of “enosis”. 49, Ambassador Bitsios, referring to my statement that we had always been willing to negotiate, asked why we had not been prepared to negotiate in November 1963, when the Archbishop presented us with bis notorious memorandum. The answer was given by the Archbishop himself when he said that those proposals were submitted to Turkey merely by way of information ami Turkey was not even asked to express an opinion on them. As for the Turkish community, they were given one week in which to reply to them. Was this an offer tonegotiate or an ultimatum at gunpoint? At any rate, the gun went off soon afterwards. 50. Ambassador titsios read a quotation from the statement by our President, Ambassador Usher, at the meeting of the Security Council on 25 February 1964, May 1 be allowed also to quote from the same very enlightening statement of the same Ambassador on that occasion7 He said: n . . * But we must acknowledge that we bave no power to interpret or annul international treaties. “However, and especially in the present case, we are under an obligation to recommend the parties to adapt the clauses in question to the new conditions by revision and negotiation. and if necessary togive them our assistance through a mediator.” [1097th meeting, paras. 85 and SS.] 51. Ambassador Bitsios as well as Foreign Minister Kyprianou have repeatedly referred to the prevention of Turkish refugees from returning to their homes. They both forgot to mention that these homes bave been and are still being systematically destroyed by Greek forces with the abject of preventing them from gomg back. And the repeated declarations by Archbishop Makarios and General Grivas that in the ted in the fssue of the criticieed the rem ~t~ato~ a& it was net fitt Tusks to retu+n to their homes.. . .* er Kyprlanou read a long list of of the Turkish Community who. red at the hands of the Turkish leadership. It did not brlng tears to my eyes because we are by now familiar with the tacticsof fabrication. like the aircraft of Ambassador Rossides which fly over Cypms. That was the reason why 1 dismfssed them offha But there was one name among them on whlch KypSi dwellsd with insistencez Mr. Irfan elman. Dlrector General of the Mlnistry of Labour, This gentleman is indeed not imaginary. He has just t a telegram to the Seosetsry-General fsom Lc notfromtheTurkish quarter of Nicosia-in whlch he says: “1 have corne to know that the Greek Cypriot delegation, usina; my name, has made certain allegatiens to the effect that three months ago, when leaving Cyprus to join my family, 1 asked Greek police protection from Tuskish leadershlp oppression. The truth is that I left Cyprus in order to join my family in London sud for no other reason. Once in the Greek sector of Nicosia, 1 reported tc the Greek police that I intended to proceed to the airport for departure. The only reason for doing SO was because 1 had no licence for my car or drivlng licence for myself. Otherwise 1 might have been accused of drlvlng wlthout a licence whlch wculd have entailed me unnecessary arrest and delay. 1 emphatically repeat that 1 bave not been aubjected to any oppresslon of any klnd by the Turkish Cypriot leadershlp. 1 strongly refute Greek Cypsiot allegation and once more wish to state my alleglance to the Turkish cause. Implore you to distrlbute to tbe delegates of the Ccuncll. Irfan Suleiman.” I do not need to add anything to that. 55. In conclusion, 1 should like tc say that my Government hopes that the next three months’ period of UNFICYP in Cyprus Will brlng us nearer to the day when the parties may heed the Council’s and the Secretary-General% earnest cal1 to negotiate for an agreed solution. This cari only happen if it is fully realized that, as the Secretary-General SO rightly

Icall on the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cypnts.

The Turkish representative, as he usually does, when hebeginsa speech in reply to statements made by the Cyprusdelegation, used the word Viistortionsv. It is a Word which has become very well known in recent months and which he uses constantly. It is easy to say that what the other side says is a distortion. But we are stating facts. We have been stating facts; we have not been saying. for example, as the Turklsh representative said, that the area of Cyprus owned by the Turklsh Community is 38 per cent of the land. Of course, we are accustomed now to hearing alI sorts of figures relating to Turkish property, the Turkish population in Cyprus, or even the Turkish population in Turkey. 1 have trled very hard to find out what the exact figures were in ail those tbings. The figures of 12 million is glven for the population of Turkey, then 24 million, then 18 million, then 30 million. The figure wldch the Turkish representative gave today is completely false. The property whlch is owned by Turks in Cyprus is 16.6 per cent and. in value. 13.13 per cent. Thls is just an example to show that not only we are not distorting facts, but that. on the contrary, the other side is attempting to present a distorted picture about everything. 58. The representative of Turkey spoke of the restriction of movement of the Turks. which he resented because we argued that the Turks in Cyprus were not free to move on account of the intimidation exercised upon them by their leaders. He resented our saylng that the refugees were not allowed to go back to their homes. In certain other respects hehimselfattempted to quote-in some cases not completely-from the report of the Secretary-General. 59. What 1 did yesterday was simply to quote from the Secretary-General’6 report which clearly states that the Turks in Cyprus are discouraged-1 would remind members of the Comm11 that he used that phrase-from returning to their homes, and 1 tried to prove that 9liscouragement’ was indeed a mild expression in the circumstances. 1 believe that 1 proved to the Council that many Turkish Cypriots were actually dlscouraged by their own leaders. 1 gave cases and 1 mentioned names. In fact, when 1 mentioned namesyesterdaytheTurkishrepresentative promptly said that a11 those names were imaginary. 1 pointed out that 1 admired hls channel of information which enabled him automatically to deny my words. and 1 mentioned as an example the name of somebody whom, 1 thought, he knew. In fact, he dld know him and he has just told us that this gentleman, Mr. Irfan Suleiman, had sent a telegram to the Secretary- 60. Tbe Turkish representative said that we had not attempted to deflne the principles of freedom and justice: we supported tbese principles a11 along, but, be said. we had not attempted to define them. 1 tblnk that we have done that on many occasions and, with your permission, Mr. President. 1 shall venture to define tbem once more as we understand tbem. 61. When we speak of freedom we mean complete freedom; and when we speak of justice we mean tbat ail people in Cyprus should be equal before the law wlthout any discrimination. We believe that there are no privlleged persons, that a11 persons should be equal, possessing the same rlghts and the same obligations. Wben we speak of freedom we mean. 1 =wat. complete freedom, wlthout anybody from outside trylng to exerclse oppression upon Cyprus, without anybody from outside havlng the rlgbt to intervene or interfere,. in the domestic affalrs of Cyprus. In other words, when we say freedom, we mean complete freedom and complets sovereignty, as enj3yed by every Member of the Unlted Nations. 62. Tbe Turklsh representative trled to glve you the impression tbat leaders in Cyprus and in Greece spoke of the ides of union of Cyprus wlth Greece. Our position is qulte clear: we would like to see a Cyprus in whlch the people themselves Will decide what they want. If they decide for union with Greece, it is tbeir owu decision: if they do not SO decide, it is again tbeir own decision. 1 do not think tbere is anytbing wrong ln that. anytbing which is contrary to tbe principles of democracy, contrary to tbeprlnciples of sovereignty, contrary to the prlnciples of independence. contrary to the principles of self-determinatlon-contrary, in other words. to the principles for wblch the Unlted Nations stands. 63. Tbe Turkisb representative spoke again of tbe resolution of 4 March 1964 and once more attempted to put bis own interpretation upon that resolution. IIe spoke of the terms of reference of tbe Medlator and sought to give hls own interpretation of tbe phrase used in that context, namely, “havlng in mind the well-being of the people of Cyprus as a wholev. IIe attempted to interpret that phrase vas a wbolev as meaning two separate communities. I am afrald I cannot follow him. Wben 1 read “tbe peoplew-in the singular. not in the plural-atbe people of Cyprus as a wbole”, 1 read it as meanlng “the people of Cyprus as a whole”; 1 do not read it as meaning two separate communlties. Otberwlse, it would have been very easy for the Security Council to say at tbat tlme “havlng in mind the well-being of the two communltles as separate entlties”. But it dld not say tbat. Tbe Security Council, by addlng the words vas a wbolea, put emphasis upon tbe very point wblch we bave ail along tried to support in tbls Council and elsewbere: tbat the people of Cypnm are one people, tbat tbey must be regarded as one people and tbat there cari be no division of tbe people of Cyprus lnto communlties for tbe purposes of a political settlement. 65. The representative of Turkey spoke of the Turkish Cypriots as being actually in the situation of fighting for the ssfety of their lives. But then he made a mistake which 1 think is very important: he said that half of the Turkish minority in Cyprns is compelled to fight for their lives. Why half? Why. in his vlew, is half of the Turkish minority in danger? 1 think the answer is quite simple. In faot nobody is in danger. But he refers to the Turks who are compelled by their leadership to live in those pockets -and here 1 must use the same term in spite of the fact that he does not like H-in those pockets of subversion. 1 gave numerous examples yesterday of people who have been victimized-Turkish Cypriots who have been victimiaed-and to again make this point very clear, ae are prepared to have the United Nations in Cyprus investigate the cases which have been reported to the Cyprus police: in fact, we intend to request and invite the United Nations Force in Cyprus to undertake investigation of those cases which the Turkish representative tried to describe yesterday as imaginary only a few minutes after he heard me expose them before you. 66. The Turkish representative mentioned a phrase from the report of the Secretary-General. the phrase “genuine fears”, with regard to the Turks in Cyprus. Yes, there is genuine fear felt by the Turks in Cyprus. but it is their own leaders they fear. 67. He spoke of the Government of Cyprus as being, in his view. a rebel government. 1 replied to thal yesterday. 1 think it was a good enough reply to cite the fact that the Security Council had accepted the representatives of this Government in the United Nations to speak for and on behalf of the Government. 1 think it is sufficient to reply that the United Nations Security Cou&l, in asking for extension of the United Nations Force, always takes into account the wlshes of the Government of Cyprus. 1 thlnk it is enough to answer that the United Nations Force in CupruS is functioning by virtue of an agreement concluded between the United Nations Secretary-General and myself acting on behalf of that Government. AlSo, the Turklsh Government has a representative in Cyprus accredited to my Government and we have recently accredited a new Ambassador in Ankara who was accepted by the Turkish Government. If the Turkish Government have changed their minds sothat they do not now consider our Government the legal 69. Of course, it is a questlonof opinion. Some people may tbink that the Government of Cyprus must bave an obligation to consider another country an ally, a guarantor. in spite of the actions of that country at the expense of Cyprus. 1 do not see any logic in that -and in fact. we do not in Cyprus. 1 do not tbink there is any loglc in expecting Cyprus to continue to accept Turkey as an ally of Cyprus when Turkey bombed Cyprus. when the Treaty of Alliance was vlolated essentially by Turkey in the manner in whlch we had occasion to expose before you repeatedly in this Council. Those treaties are dead. 70. The Turkish representative spoke for a second time in the course of his reply today about the safety of the Torks ln Cyprus in the hands of the Greek Cypriots. He referred again to this question of hostages. IIe wondered that 1 dld net have any word to say about the hostages. Mr. President. may 1 remind you that we discussed thls question quite at length on other occasions. What the Turklsh representative has just said is the complalnt 1 made, namely. that whlle tbe Cy+%s Government came out against this method of hostages, when the Cyprus Government resolutely decided to take action against the people who practised thls method of hostages, and when in fact we expressed our sympathy and ouf regret when tbls method was fortunately for a limited 72. The Turkish representative attempted to show how wrong 1 was when 1 said yesterday that the only reason, in fact the mainreason, why we have normality in most parts of Cyprus-and 1 gave as an example the district of Limassol-was that we had no green lines and no divldlng lines. There are two elements in thls statement. One element shows how keen the Turkish representative is on the idea of green lines. IIe tried very hard indeed to prove today that the green lines and dividlng lines do net do any harm to Cyprus. That is the first element. The secondelement in his statement is how he himselfdistorts the picture. 1 think he could easily readintheheecretary-General% report, which is before this Council today. dealing with the Limassol District: “It is considered that the absence of any form of green llne in the town is one of the most important factors in the maintenance of good relations between the two communities.” [S/ 6228 para. 248.1 73. This is the view of the Secretary-General, and thls is our conviction. It is our conviction that the anomaly in Cyprus stems from the fact that there are a few dlviding lines here and there. dividing people, which is the result of the Turklsh policy Of partition. And by the way. it seems that the Turkish representative did not find time to reply to my question whether his Government would be prepared to abandon publicly the idea of partition. The anomaly in Cyprus is due to that situation. The tension in Cyprus is due to the continuous threats whichform part of the tactios towards accompllshing the sinister designs. and the wild dreams of Turkey for the partition of Cyprus. 74. Yesterday, he mentioned the name of a German who was assistant to the President of the Constitutional Court in Cyprus, whom he described as a rellable source. And 1 think today he mentioned the same name again. He said that he was going tocirculate a hooklet published by that gentleman. 1 thlnk his name is Dr. Heinse. He described hlm as an objective man and as a reliable source. 1 cari only tel1 youam afraid 1 cannot gu into detail-that this gentleman was persona non grata in Cyprus and had to leave the country long before the events of December. for activities that had better remain unmentioned. 76. Lord Caradon. of course. used it in another connexion. But it SO bappens that the “importancy” of Cyprus to Turkey was brought to the attention of Turkey by the United Kinglom only some years ago. And I am sorry that 1 have to state tbls fact. Now Othello bas bsen quoted in tbis Council by Lord Caradon. and tbe Turkish reeresentative tbouaht of auotina Othello again. But tbe quotation whi& lie used ii sufficient encan& to exnose before the Council tbe intentions of his Government. thepolicyof hiseountry. the imperiallstdreams of Turkey over Cyprus. because he said quoting from Otbello: athe importancy of Cyprus to Turkeyv. 77. It seems that Cyprus has been unfortunate enougm for many people have been talking about Cyprus’s “importancyv to otbers. Wbat we are attempting now is to establish the fact that Cyprus is important to Cyprus. It is very easy for everybody to negotiate and bargain about Cyprus. but we canuot bsrgain about Cyprus. It is very easy for Turkey to speak of give and take in regard to Cyprus and concerning Cyprus. but we have nothing to glve in regard to Cyprus. 78. Cyprus is a Member of the United Nations, and this is perhaps the first good omen in its long uufortunate hlstory. By being a Member of the United Nations, Cyprus demands treatment as a Member of the United Nations. And that treatment which Cyprus believes it is entitled to, entalls acceptanceof the fact that Cyprus is a fully sovereign Member of the United Nations, wlth equal rights. 79. Before concluding. 1 would like to repeat again that we are ready. prepared. in fact committed. to work for peace. But peace. we believe. cannot survive unless it is based upon a solid foundation. And a solid foundation in this respect, as indeed in the case of any other people in the world. cari only be built when justice and freedom. as we have defined them before you. are fully respected and implemented. 80. We believe that the future of Cyprus lies in the hands of the people of Cyprus. It does not lie in the “importancy of Cyprus to Turkeyv. It does not lie in the interests of other people. It does not lie in the ambitions of other countries. It lies in the hands of the people of Cyprus, the one people of Cyprus. the undivided people of Cyprus.

Icall on the representative of Greece.

It is customary to reply when one has been personally called to account. We have a11 been the victims of Mr. Eralp’s favourite formula: “TO set the record straight.” Ile mentioned my name in connexionwith ” . . . The reglons under Turklsh milltary control form less than 2 per cent of the total area of the Island.“-1 may add that this information was taken from paragraph 143 of the Secretary-General% report of December 1964 [S/6102]9-“Witbln this confined space-crowded together in wretched conditions-approximately one-fifth of the Turklsh Cypriot population lives. The other four-fifths live peacefully in the remainder of the Island, escaping the terroristic grip of the minority leaders. The latest report by the Secretary-General tells us that ‘. . . it should be clzar. however.. . that. during most of the time by far the greatest part of the Republic has been quiet, with Greek and Turkish Cypriots going about their daily tasks’.” [S/6228. para. 104.1 1 added: “Thls is a fact which surely cannot escape the attention of the members of the Council. and particularly useful conclusions may be drawn from it.” [ 1191st meeting, para. 115.1 84. Indeed. 1 see nothingin thisparagraphwhichcould be construed as endeavouring to minimlze the importance of the existence of those armed posts. On the contrary, they are very important, in that they hinder the pacification of the Island. What 1 intended to stress was that a great part of the Turklshminority is living in the rest of the territory of Cyprus in conditions whloh the report describes as ‘peaceful”, and thls shows clearly that the danger which, aocording to Mr. Eralp, menaces the Turkish Cypriot population obviously does not exist in the rest of the territory of Cyprus. 85. The second remark to which 1 should like t0 reply is the following. 1 quote the Engllsh text of Mr. Eralp’s statement: [The speaker continued in English.1 “Reference has been made to mg letter to the Seoretary-General on 9 February drawing attention to the Greek-Cypriot preparations for a mass assault on the Turks. The warning that 1 conveyed at the time was based on reliable information, and in fact it has proved timely. It was obviously due to that warning that the Greek Cypriots appear t0 have changed their tactics.. . .” [The speeker resumed in French.] 86. One is entitled to question thls tactical move of putting everyone on guard by saying that there is a threat of a mass attack against the Turkish minority s/ Ibid.. Nfneteenth Year. Supplement for Cacher, November and Dece*r 1964. 87. What I said yesterday was: 87. “That diplomatie imbroglio.. . started wlth the letter. dated 9 February.. . in which the Permanent Representative of Turkey expressed vague apprehensions concerniug tire situation in Cyprus and, without waiting for tbe matter to be examined or for a reply*-on the part of the Secretary-General and the Uuited Nations- %e bastened to renew the old tbreat of Turkish intervention in the Island. Two days later.“-that is. on 12 February-“President Makarios replied by table to the Secretary-General. formally stating that no offensive operation was contemplated. That seemed to satisfy everyone except. of course. Turkey.A [llSlst meeting, paras. 121-1224 88. Wbat happsned between 12 February and 9 March that could justiiy’ President Giirsel’s statement on the latter date to tbe effect that there wouldbe widespread bloodshed in Cyprus and that in that event Turkey would not be content to remain a passive spectator? pourrait qu’en 89. No incident or attack tcok place in Cyprus. 1 bave recapitulated tbese facts in order to demonstrate that obviously these rumours. as noted in the Secretary- General% report, bave no otber abject than to create a war psychosis. a general atmosphere of unease and fear among the population and to delay any return to normality. Somuchfor %ettingtherecordstraightn. SO. Refore concluding, 1 really must sayawordabout Shakespeare. 1 wonder why 1 ventured to quote the great English poet. something that only the Turkish Ambassador, whose English is Perfect. is qualified to do. 1 should have confined myself to French literature, and 1 might have served my own purpose better had 1 quoted the following two lines from Ronsard: pourquoi poète . . . Venus of Idalia, Amathus, Ery Prote& Cuprus. tby fair abode, from the Turks. These lines are from a poem entitled: “Prayer to Venus ta protect Cyprus from the Turklsh Army”. 91. The PRESIDENT (translated from French]: Icall on the representative of the United Kingdom. who Will speak in exercise of the right of reply.

The Fore@ Minister of Cyprus made some remarks this afternoon regarding treaties to which the United Kingdom is a party. My delegation Will wish to consider these remarks carefully and may wlsh to refer to them. 1 should llke meanwhile, therefore, fully to reserve my Government’s position in relation to those remarks. The meeting rose af 5.20 p.m. Litho in U.N. Price: $LIS. 0.50 (or equivalenr