S/PV.1253 Security Council

I call on the first speaker on my list, the Minister for 2. Le PRESIDENT (traduit ja parole au premier orateur le ministre des affaires Foreign Affairs of Portugal,

Once again the Security Council has been convened, at the initiative of the delegations of Liberia, Tunisia, Sierra Leone and Madagascar, in order to debate problems which are of direct concern to Portugal, In the letter they addressed to the Council [S/6791], the four delegations requested that the meeting should take place on an urgent basis. The urgency felt by the four delegations for calling a meeting of the Security Council led my delegation, and presumably other delegations as well, to believe that there was a special and sudden reason for calling the Council into session and that some new and serious facts or developments had to be brought to its attention fer consideration, My delegation, therefore, could not but be deeply surprised when it became clear that the speeches of the representatives of Liberia, Tunisia, Sierra Leone and Madagascar [1250th meeting] did 3. M, NOGUEIRA (Portugal) Une fois encore, le Conseil sur l'initiative des délégations Tunisie, du Sierra Leone examiner des problémes le Portugal. Dans la lettre Conseil [$/6791}, ces quatre que le Conseil soit convoqué d'urgence attribué par cation du Conseil de sécurité et d'autres aussi sans y avoir une raison tout de convoquer le Conseil, événements nouveaux et & l'attention du Conseil Ma délégation n'a donc surprise lorsqu'elle a constaté du Libéria, de ia Tunisie, Madagascar, dans leurs ce], ne saisissaient le d'aucune évolution nouvelle ment, J'ai suivi, bien soin et la plus grande attention quatre délégations et en de plus en plus évident lespére — que ces déclarations résultat d'une manceuvre simple répétition de déclarations que peu abrégées, j'en jes mémes accusations, faits, Ja méme violence prendre et d'accepter des qui sont du goiit de certaines conditions, j'ai le devoir sations, de rétablir la devrait 8tre clair maintenant faire un effort de compréhension. not present the Council with any new facts or developments of direct concern to it. I of course followed with great care and attention the interventions of the four delegations; as I listened to them it became quite obvious to me, and to the Council, I hope, that they were the outcome of a purely political move and were rere repetitions of previous statements, admittedly in a somewhat abridged form, We find in them the same accusations, the same distortions, the same violence, and the same refusal to under= stand and to accept realities other than those which please some delegations. Therefore I am induty bound tc answer the accusations, to correct the distortions, and to explain what should have been clear by now, if only there were a willingness to understand, 4, Si nous étudions attentivement les représentants du Sierra Leone et de Madagascar, les questions soulevées gories nettement différentes: tions politiques et, de l'autre, A la paix et 4 la sécurité. refuser 4 discuter de purement politiques. Ce terait simplement l'attitude indienne, par exemple, qui lorsque les problémes politiques mire ont été soulevés. de sécurité n'est pas l'instance battre et essayer de résoudre tiques: pour ce faire, nous mission, la Premiére politique spéciale et l'Assemblée insistons pour que des portées devant le Conseil, son autorité et de provoquer dans les activités et les nisation, Mais ma délégation 4, If we carefully study what was stated here by the representatives of Liberia, Tunisia, Sierra Leone and Madagascar we find that the questions they raised belong to two quite different classifications: political questions on the one hand and questions of peace and cecurity on the other. Icouldat once refuse to engage myself in a discussion of political questions or problems of a purely political nature, In doing so, my delegation would merely be adopting an attitude similar to that of the Indian delegation, for example, which walked out of this Council when the political problem of Kashmir was brought up, In point of fact, the Security Council is not the proper forum to debate and try to settle political problems: for such purposes we have the Fourth Committee, the First Committee, the Special Political Committee and the General Assembly: and, if we insist on bringing political issues before this Council, then we are undermining it and conducting overlapping activities and debates within the United Nations. But my delegation is not following the Indian example, My delegation is remaining, With your permission, Mr. President, I shall openly face and discuss the political problems and the DENT (traduit de Mespagno]l): Je donne premier orateur inscrit sur ma liste, s affaires étrangéres du Portugal. security raised here by the BIRA (Portugal) {traduit de langlais]: re, le Conseil de sécurité est convoqué re des délégations du Libéria, de la Sierra Leone et de Madagascar pour 5. The representative of Liberia, resolutions with which he says plied, proceeds to describe the situation in the Portuguese In order to do so, he bases sources: the statements made and the report of the Special Four,’ Now, we all know on evidence provided in such ment accepts it unilaterally problémes qui intéressent directement Jans la lettre qu'elles ont adressée au 31], ces quatre délégations ont demand& \ soit convoqué d'urgence. Le caractére ribué par ces délégations & la convoseil de sécurité a amené ma délégation, ussi sans doute, & penser qu'il devait raison tout 4 fait spéciale et soudaine gation. le Conseil, et que des faits ou des yuveaux et graves devaient tre portés du Conseil et soumis 4 son examen, 6. As for the report, the quotes from it and seems it were an independent document, pendent delegations; but it indicated that the report same delegations on whose before this Council. Thus, utilize such a document, themselves and basing themselves they have prepared in accordance n'a donc pu manquer d'étre vivement yelle a constaté que les représentants ie la Tunisie, du Sierra Leone et de Jans leurs déclarations [12508me séansaient le Conseil d'aucun fait nouveau, ution nouvelle qui lintéressat directelivi, bien entendu, avec le plus grand S grande attention les interventions des tions et en les écoutant il m'est apparu whims, lus évident — et au Conseil aussi, je 2 ces déclarations n'étaient que le 7, But the representative of himself from the report and he endorsed them, Therefore, to say that the delegation sponsibility for the accusations country, And they are very } manceuvre purement politique et la tion de déclarations antérieures, ovelses, jten conviens. Nous y retrouvons cusations, les mémes déformations des 1e violence et le méme refus de comaccepter des réalités autres que celles oat de certaines délégations. Dans ces ai le devoir de répondre 4 ces accu- établir la vérité et d’expliquer ce qui lair maintenant si Non voulait seulement 8, It is alleged that millions into neighbouring countries; atrocities are everyday events"; prisonment and torture" are that there are people in that a "well-planned genocide conducted by the Portuguese that it is indeed a very serious Minister of a Member State cil and endorse such accusations Member State. I do not even repudiate these outrageus and They are not only ridiculous Does anyone believe that simply flee from one country anyone believe that a “well-planned tion" is being carried out? Does of Liberia think that he may : de compréhension. }tudions attentivement ce qu’ont dit ici tants du Libéria, de la Tunisie, du et de Madagascar, nous constatons que souievées appartiennent 4 deux caté- yent différentes: d'une part, des ques- 1s et, de l'autre, des questions relatives i Ja s€curité. Je pourrais d'emblée me scuter de questions ou de probl&émes itiques. Ce faisant, ma délégation adopment Uattitude prise par la délégation exemple, qui a quitté la salledu Conseil oblémes politiques concernant Je Cachesoulevés. C'est un fait que le Conseil ‘est pas l'instance compétente pour dé- ayer de résoudre les problémes poliwithout deeply hurting and others? 2e faire, nous avons la Quatriéme Com- ?remiére Commission, la Commission iale et "Assemblée générale; et si nous r que des questions politiques soient 1Y/ Revort of the Special Committee ut le Conseil, nous risquons de saper et de provoquer des chevauchements wités et les débats au sein de l'Orga- 3ma délégation ne suivra pas l'exemple to the Impl ion of the Decl dence to Colonial Countries and the General Assembly, Twentieth Session, 9, But the Minister goes further, and, speaking of conditions prevailing in the administration of Angola and of Mozambique, he also accepts, as it were, the evidence provided by the same sources, I shall refer ta some of the most glaring misrepresentations 9. Mais il va plus loin, de ladministration en accepte comme des preuves gnages provenant des mémes des exemples de la maniére vérité et dénaturé ies and distortions of fact, choquante, 10. It is alleged that there are poor education fa~ cilities, Certainly we do not consider them sufficient or perfect. But they are far better than in most African territories, from primary schools up to and including universities, and pupil enrolment in proportion to population in the highest in Africa south of the Sahara, with the exception of Nigeria, It is alleged. that there are no health services, This is not so. They may not be good enough, but there is in the Portuguese overseas Territories one doctor for every 13,000 persons, which compares remarkably well with one dcctor per 29,000 persons in the Cameroon, per 19,000 in the United Republic of Tanzania, per 15,000 in Uganda, per 25,000 in Ghana, per 44,000 in the Sudan, per 41,000 in Nigeria, per 66,000 in Sierra Leone, and per 105,000 in Ethiopia. It is alleged that Africans are not allowed to possess radios, This is not true; anyone may buy a radio. It is alleged that no African is allowed to conduct a business. I do not know how wide one's imagination can become; I do not even care to deny this amusingly ridiculous statement, But then my colleague from Liberia seems to endorse what must be viewed as the most amazing criticism, namely, that intermarriage between whites and blacks is encouraged, Intermarriage in my country is certainly not discouraged, Does the Minister from Liberia object to that? I am sure he would not wish us to believe that he is taking a racialist view on these matters, And finally, the Foreign Minister of Liberia raises objections to the Portuguese Electoral Law, which, incidentally, is precisely the same in contin- 10. On prétend que gnement sont déplorables. certes pas comme suffisants sont meilleurs, bien meilleurs des territoires africains, universités, et le taux rapport 4 Ja population au sud du Sahara, a prétend qu'il n'y a pas n'est pas vrai, Ces services suffisants, mais il y a, mer du Portugal, un médecin ce qui soutient remarquablement avec un médecin pour 29 pour 19009 dans la République-Unie pour 15 006 en Ouganda, 44.000 au Soudan, pour 66 000 au Sierra Leone On prétend que les Africains posséder des appareils vrai: n'importe qui peut On prétend qu'aucun négoce, de ne sais pas imagination débridée, mais pas la peine de réfuter achevé, Mais ensuite mon reprendre 4 son compte comme la critique la les mariages interraciaux sont encouragés. Les mariages certainement pas déconseillés représentant du Libéria certain qu'il ne souhaiterait qu'il adopte en cette matiére Enfin, il souléve des électorale portugaise qui, ment la méme dans Je les provinces d'outre-mer, ental Portugal as in the overseas Provinces, He said: "N'oublions pas que donne le droit de vote du sexe masculin ayant ont été émancipés et tugais, ou si, ne sachant la capacité juridique autorités administratives au moins au titre de industriel, de L'impét libérales ou de l'impdt [1250&me séance, par. "Let us not forget that this new electoral law gave Portuguese male citizens who have attained their majority the right to vote if they have been emancipated and can read and write Portuguese or if, being unable to read and write, they have legal capacity and contribute to the State or administrative bodies a sum not less than 100 escudos in payment of the property tax, industrial tax, professional tax or tax in use of capital." [1250th meeting, para. 19.} 11, Cette assertion est Pour donner une image sentant du Libéria aurait signifie la possibilité pour majorité juridique 4 18 cord; il aurait di dire que ceux qui savent lire et sont chefs de famille, chaque année 100 escudos 11, This is a distorted half-truth, In order to draw an accurate picture, the Foreign Minister should have said that "emancipation" means the possibility of an individual attaining legal majority at eighteen if his or her parents so agreed; should have said that all who are able to read and write, or all who are heads of families, or all who pay 100 escudos per. year as tax are entitled to vote; and, when from voting, should have explained of 100 escudos per year really ‘not less than 100 escudos" wealth", the Foreign Minister the impression that 100 equivalent to $100 or to £100. means less than two pounds It does not seem a very tax, for the right to vote. torted, we have to get down for this I apologize to the Council. plus loin, et, parlant des conditions ition en Angola et au Mozambique, il : des preuves irréfutables les témoint des mémes sources, Je vais donner de la maniére dont on a déformé la turé les faits de la maniére la plus a que les établi us a’ i i€plorables, Nous ne les considérons mme suffisants ou parfaits. Mais ils » bien meilleurs que dans la plupart africains, des écoles primaires aux le taux de fréquentation scolaire par dpulation est le plus élevé de 1'Afrique thara, & l'exception du Nigéria.. On aty a pas de services de santé, Cela 12, I now turn to the statement of Tunisia, As the sources of Tunisia repeats some of the us by Liberia, I do not need But he also expressed himself terms, Mr, Slim spoke of of “bloody warfare", of a I hope the Council takes appropriate expressions, and draws the . Ces services ne sont peut-étre pas s il y a, dans les territoires d'outreal, un médecin pour 13 000 personnes, remarquablement bien la comparaison n pour 29 000 personnes au Cameroun, ans la République-Unie de Tanzarie, . Ouganda, pour 25 000 au Ghana, pour idan, pour 41000 au Nigéria, pour ra Leone et pour 105 000 en Ethiopie, 13, Apart from other aspects, be dealing later, there is Minister's speech which He referred to "the unholy formed among the Goveraments i¢ les Africains n'ont pas le droit de appareils de radio, Cela n'est pas 2 qui peut acheter un poste de radio, u'aucun Africain ne peut diriger un Sais pas quelle est la limite d'une bridée, mais je ne me donnerai méme and Salisbury", Now we above cases, we can have réfuter cette affirmation d'un ridicule nsuite mon coll8gue du Libéria semble hourly relations with contiguous wish to have with all our neighbours—and with them for the general on compte ce que l'on peut considérer tique la plus atonnante, 4 savoir que the Minister of Tunisia knows unholy or otherwise. He is not even dare to affirm alliance, He states: "That to have taken the specific treaty", and later on he treaty", But then he goes on and draws firm conclusions did exist. He said: "Such collusion interraciaux entre blancs et noirs is, Les mariages interraciaux ne sont pas d&éconseillés dans mon pays. Le u Libéria est-il hostile A cela? Je suis ne souhaiterait pas nous faire croire 1 Cette matiére un point de vue raciste, 8ve des objections & propos de la loi tugaise qui, incidemment, est exacte- : dans le Portugal continental que dans Voutre-mer, Il a dit: notice of the Special Committee 5 pas que Gette nouvelle loi électorale uit de vote aux ressortissants portugais sculin ayant atteint leur majorité s'ils acipés et savent lire et écrire le pori, ne sachant ni lire ni écrire, ils ont 14. Thus Mr. Slim starts a simple rumour of a simple himself does not venture to definite conclusions as though facts, I deny the existence juridique et versent 4 l'Etat on aux ninistratives une somme de 100 escudos u titre de l'impdt foncier, de ltimpét T challege the Tunisian Minister has insinuated; and I submit has thrown this subject into ing the traditional standards 2 INmpdt sur le revenu des professions . de Dimpdt sur Pemploi da capitai." ance, par, 19,} sertion est une demi-vérité déformée, ne image fid&le de la situation, le repré- oéria aurait di dire que *émancipation" ssibilité pour un individu d'atteindre la ligue 4 18 ans si ses parents sont d'ac- 15. Iam not referring in by the representative of Madagascar his speech~otherwise masterful point of view—deliberately and corroborating the ‘interventions representatives, But 1 wish ai dire que sont autorisés & voter tous nt lire et Gcrire, ou bien tous ceux qui : famille, ou bien tous ceux qui panent on the statement delivered Leone. He also has drawn 100 escudos d'impats; il aurait di the Special Committee, which in turn, as we all are aware, is based on the working paper prepared by the Secretariat, which my delegation refuted in minute detail in a document circulated by the Special Committee,2/ which document, I am sure, my colleague rapport du Comité spécial, comme nous ie savons tous, de travaii étabii par le Secrétariat, a réfuté de maniére détaillée distribué par le Comité from Sierra Leone did not read, mon collégue du Sierra Leone, pas lu, 16, The Minister from Sierra Leone followed the other representatives in heaping abuse on my country. He accused the Portuguese Government of "shameless exploitation"; he referred to "the appalling situation" prevailing in the Portuguese Territories; and he ascribed to Portugal "diabolical and genocidal intentions", Once again, I invite the Council's attention to such unparliamentarian and offensive language, and through you, Mr. President, I ask the Minister from Sierra Leone whether he believes that the Portuguese people and Government have no feelings and no sensibility, or that Sierra Leone, along with certain others, is entitled to insult those countries of whose policies they do not approve. 16. Le représentant du Sierra ple d'autres collégues en mon pays. Il a accusé le "exploitation éhontée"; il épouvantable" régnant dans il a attribué au Portugal des de génocide". Une fois encore, du Conseil de noter le caractére de ces termes offensants, diaire, Monsieur le Président, Ministre du Sierra Leone et le Gouvernement portugais blessés dans leurs sentiments ou si le Sierra Leone, avec d'insulter les nations dont 17, Again, setting aside charges similar to those made by Tunisia and Liberia, and other aspects with which I shall be dealing in a moment, only two important points emerge from the speech by the representative of Sierra Leone, He said: "Jet fighters, submarines and other arms and military equipment continue to be supplied in large quantities to Portugal..." [Ibid., para, 115.] But does the representative of Sierra Leone believe that such expensive 17, Faisant abstraction, de semblables 4 celles qui Tunisie et le Libéria et d'autres derai dans un moment, je importants ressortent du du Sierra Leone. Il nous a dit: sous-marins, autres armes sont toujours fournis au tité..." [ibid,, par. 115}. vraiment qu'un matérie! aussi 4 réaction et des sous-marins simplement, aisément et grande quantité, comme s'il de suis étonné qu'un membre conscient de ses responsabilités, pareille déclaration, equipment as jet fighters and submarines are simply, easily and continuously supplied in large quantitites as though they were toys? lam amazed that a responsi~ ble member of a Government should have made that statement, 18. Je puis, en connaissance représentant du Sierra Leone cours des derniéres années nouvel avion 4 réaction, Je sure d'informer le Conseil acheté ni acquis de fagon marin depuis 1948, et que mander quatre nouveaux sous-marins, livrés qu'en 1967 ou 1968. sache pas que des sous-marins quoi que ce soit dans des combats 18, I am in a position to tell the Minister from Sierra Leone and the Council that in recent years we have not been supplied with any new jet fighters, I am also in a position to inform the Council that we have neither bought nor in any way acquired a single submarine since 1948, and that we have only just ordered four new submarines which will not be delivered, however, before 1967 or 1968. Apart from this, IT am not aware that submarines can be utilized for guerrilla warfare, 19, Le second point marquant concerne les préts consentis des ressources financiéres 19. The second point raised by the representative of Sierra Leone refers to loans made to Portugal, Speaking of the financial resources of Portugal, he stated; qui suit: "Il semble que ce financement grande partie de préts des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, la République fédérale prendre Ja peine de se si les pr&ts qu'elles consentent signent sont utilisés pour grande envergure, les de ces pays, qui n'agissent "These seem to come, to a large extent, from external loans from friendly countries, notably the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany and others, Without even taking the trouble to investigate whether the loans or the bonds which they underwrite are being dissipated in a massive colonial war, the economic concerns in these countries, presumably not without official approval, continue to provide son cété, Portugal with the necessary funds to pursue its diabolical intentions," [Tbid,, para, 113.j i document délégation document iment que ertain, n'a And then he adds that the donor institutions, such as the World Bank, or the donor countries do not want to know how the loans are utilized or for what projects they are required. vi l'exemres contre 20. With all due respect, I must say that I wonder whether the Foreign Minister of Sierra Leone lives in a dream world, Does he seriously believe, dces anyone seriously believe, that one can borrow money as easily as the representative of Liarra Leone suggests? No Government in the world, no international or private institution would make loans without proper safeguards, prior investigations, appropriate controls as to the execution of projects. portugais i situation portugais; tiaboliques - membres ementaire intermé- nderai au Je peuple Nes d'étre ensibilité, 21, During the last thirty or thirty-five years Portngal has received only three important foreign loans, and these were very recent ones: one raised in the United States for the construction of a huge bridge across the Tagus River; another from Germany for land irrigation and soil reclamation; and a third raised in France—like the others, from private sources— for general civil engineering equipment. There may have b2en one cr two other somewhat smaller loans to private companies or enterprises, but without any financial or economic sizrificance. And that is all, Not a single cent has been granted to us or borrowed by us to finance what the Minister from Sierra Leone describes as the "massive colonial war", and I categovically reject any insinuation or allegation in a le droit politique. 2cusations tes par la ue j'abor- 2ux points orésentant i réaction, militaire nde quan= pense-t-il jes avions tre fourni mtinue en this matter, le jouets? ernement, faire une 22. I have dealt with some of the separate charges made by the Ministers who spoke in this Council at the 1250th meeting. But there are other accusations » dire au seil qu'au common to all the four statements, and I am therefore dealing with them together. They are the following: that my delegation had an intransigent attitude during the conversations which took place in October 1963; that NATO is supplying Portugal with military assistance for military operations in Africa, as it were; that foreign investmenis in the African provinces are encouraging repression, so to speak, and are detrimental to the interests of the peoples concerned, ‘egu aucun at en meavons ni seul souse de comne seront zela, je ne ; servir & las. éclaration 23, As to the first point, I am pleased to see that the four accusing countries agree that, in the conversations of October 1463, the question of a definition of self-determination was thoroughly debated, We presented our own idea of self-determination, not precisely in the way it was statedhereon 4 November but in accordance with the terms of the report of the Secretary~General of 31 October 1963 [$/5448], My delegation said chen that self-determination implied the consent of the people ta the form of Government and their agreement to the structure of the State and system of administration. This concept is not new and may be found in any handbook of political science. It is not abnormal, as Mr, Slim suggests, and is perfectly in harmony with the Charter of the United Nations, although I admit that it might not A propos la dit ce vienne en 1otamment te-Uni, de ns jamais ur savoir ts qu'elies oniale de onomiques pas sans he in keeping with. some _ General Assembly in violatio: 24. cAnd then, in October on to Indicate in practical velopment of the theoretical memorandum. The SecretaryeGeneral importance of the document ‘from it in his report, But carded the paper with scorn tions persistently addressed gitions prevailing “in the Suggested that ‘we “should of investigating those ‘conditions. gations refused, “saying interested. Then my delegation be ascertained whether Portugal to international peace and a firm refusal from the ast week .we ‘heard the same ‘mentioned earlier today, 28. And se we have this levelled against us and Portuguese because of them; we offer of investigating them; the offer it is alleged. there is no more And now the same charges for a new condemnation of 26. My question is: if it tions are groundless, will guese policy be waived? affirmative, why are the if the answer is in the negative, Hons at all since there will case? 27, On the other hand, we tion of self-determination est, The representative of ",..it is evident that one of mere disagreement of the concept of self-determination, as a human problem, the political implications of [tbid., para, 107.) 28. My delegation is really this sea of contradictions, seems apparent in the above with the agreement of my is Indeed a human problem and that is what we have heen Nations for quite some time, problems in this Organization, 23. As for the alleged NATO this: the Portuguese Government and has no intention of ey in Africa. NATO has not supplied and is not supplying any armaments, any munitions, or any military equipment of any type for use outside the NATO geographical area, Nor have we requested NATO to doso. Besides, servir de matériel de |'OTAN ne nous a fourni et ne aucun armement, aucune militaire de quelque type utilisé en dehors de la région we manufacture and supply 93 per cent of our own military requirements and needs, and we are not therefore in dire necessity of having recourse to outside sources, And what is more, the accusing delegations seem to be thinking in terms vast military Nous ntavons d'ailleurs jamais & MOTAN en ce sens. Nous militaire et faisons face de nos besoins dans ce operations in large areas, which is certainly not the t. se, The situation as depicted in this Council bears no connexion with reality, But I shall deal with this trouvons pas devant la nécessité sources extérieures. Qui nous accusent sembient rations militaires, dans n'est certainement pas qu'elle a &t@ décrite au aucun rapport avec la réalité, tard sur ce point, point later, 30, Finally, as to foreign investments in Portuguese overseas Territories, I would simply say that Icannot conceal my surprise at the arguments which were ceveloped here, I would only ask in what way the increase of wealth, the opening up of new jobs, and the growth and creation of new industries may jeopardize or be detrimental to the interests and 30. Enfin, pour ce qui est gers dans les territoires je dirai simplement que surprise devant les arguments Je demanderai seulement de richesse, la création croissance et l'implantation peuvent mettre en péril d'un peuple tout entier? M. Slim n'est que l'opinion D'autres délégations importantes sont abstenues lors du vote Comité du Comité spécial3/, tunisien a utilisé pour progress of the people as a whole. The opinion voiced here by Mr, Slim, however, is only the opinion of some delegations. Other important delegations either voted against or abstained on the report of the Special Committee's Sub-Committee+/ on which the Tunisian Minister bases his views on this topic, question. 31. Les quatre délégations la politique portugaise n'ont sur les opinions de personnes sentent en tant que pétitionnaires. devant le Conseil de sécurité tions dans les provinces de qui ne saurait tre plus éloigné donc le Conseil de me permettre nalités indépendantes qui 31, The four delegations which strongly criticised Portuguese policy based their criticism only on the views of private people who presented themselves as petitioners, They provided the Security Council with a picture of conditions in the Provinces of Angola and Mozambique which could not be more remote from the truth, I therefore beg the indulgence of the Council to make a few quotations from independent personalities who have visited the two Territories. deux territoires. 32, Incidemment, je crois que l'Angola comme le ritoires libres et ouverts, de nombreux étrangers journalistes, hommes politiques, compter naturellement Jes 32, Incidentally, ] think I should inform the Council that both Angola and Mozambique are open and free Territories, and have been visited by many foreigners of different nationalities, such as newspaper men, politicians and writers, apart, of course, from the thousands of private foreigners who go there on business or as tourists. Of the first category, 57 such foreign visitors were received in 1961, 102 in 1962, s'y rendent pour leurs affaires Cinquante~ sept visiteurs que j'ai signalée en premier en 1961, 102 en 1962, et 54 jusqu'en septembre soviétiques, qui ont até prévenir que leurs articles quiils puissent voir, se sont et ont inspecté librement 120 in 1963, 140 in 1964, and54 up to September 1965, Mozambique was visited and freely inspected by two journalists from the Soviet Union, who were kind enough to advise us in advance that they would write unfavourable reports, no matter what they saw. 33. Avec la permission du citations, Parlant 4 Radio-Luxembourg 1965, Raymond Cartier, le pendant bien connu du monde 33, With the Council's permission, I shall make a few quotations, Speaking on Radio Luxembourg on 20 June 1965, the world-renowned and independent French writer, Raymond Cartier, said about Angola: de l'Angola: 3/ voir D fficiels de 1" sion, Annexes, additif au point 23 chap. V, appendice. itériel de L'OTAN en Afrique. L'OTAN yurni et ne nous fournit actuellement ent, aucune munition, aucun matériel queique type qve ce soit destiné 4 @tre ors de la région géographique de !'OTAN, "The country is excellently towns, many of them of airports, several railways roads, The economic framework than I had imagined... Angola has been put to fire that it is like Algeria Viet-Nam today. My own me that the greater part d'ailleurs jamais présenté de demande ce sens. Nous fabriquons notre matériel faisons face nous-mémes 4 93 p. 100 ns dans ce domaine, et nous ne nous devant la nécessit8 de recourir & des jeures. Qui plus est, les délégations qui and has never ceased t sembient imaginer d'immenses opé- aires, dans de vastes régions, ee qui ement pas le cas. La situation telle 34, Back in 30 November man, Pieter Lessing, after bique wrote in The Sphere: 8 décrite au Conseil de sécurité n'a t avec la réalité, Je reviendrai plus "In Angola and in Mozambique, in the whole of Africa non-racial society is inprogress. stances, one would have Africa as well as the watched the experiment course, times and circumstances rint, ur ce qui est des investissements étranes territoires portugais d'outre-mer, plement que je ne peux dissimuler ma nt les arguments qui ont 6té avancés ici. ai seulement comment l'accroissement la création d'emplois nouveaux, la ltimplantation de nouvelles industries re en péril les intéréts et le progrés aut entier? L'opinion exprimée ici par 35, Myr. Robert J. Mellish, of Parliament, visited Angola Standard on 21 September I can say with all sincerity of real peace and progress." t que l'opinion de quelques délégations. gations importantes ont voté contre ou se S$ lors du vote sur le rapport du Sous= mité spécial3/, rapport que le Ministre ilisé pour étayer ses vues sur cette were certainly no signs of 36. Mr. Ron Ledger, a Parliament, visited Angola Evening Standard of 21 September both in Angola and in Mozambique impressed, He stated: re d&légations qui ont fortement critiqué wtugaise n'ont fondé leurs critiques que tons de personnes privées qui se pré- at que pétitionnaires. Elies ont brossé iseil de sécurité un tableau des condiprovinces de 1'Angoia et du Mozambique &tre plus éloigné de la vérité, Je prierai il de me permettre de citer des personandantes qui se sont rendues dans les "There was no race prised and pleased with 1 captured it on film—anyone see it. es, 37. A distinguished British wrote on 22 February 1963: rent, je creis devoir informer le Conseil comme le Mozambique sont des ters et ouverts, qui ont été visités par "it is true that some skilled more than whites, In the a small African farmer white counterpart. An African étrangers de nationalités différentes, hommes politiques, écrivains, sans rellement les milliers d'étrangers qui our leurs affaires ou comme touristes, it visiteurs étrangers de la catégorie ‘ée en premier ont visité cesterritoires may earn more than Cambambe Dam"—in Angola—"is in Africa and serves one hydro-electric projects 2 en 1962, 120 en 1963, 140 en 1964 ‘n septembre 1965, Deux journalistes qui ont été assez aimables pour nous urs articles seraient défavorables quoi t voir, se sont rendus au Mozambique "A good example is virtually wiped out leprosy, scourge of sleeping sickness, in this field have been among according to estimates of tion. While the average tality is over 25 per cent, $ librement le territoire. ‘ermission du Conseil, je ferai quelques tlant & Radio-Luxembourg le 20 juin qd Cartier, le journaliste frdngais indé- connu du monde entier, a dit & propos per cent. nts officiels de IA blSe géné i ie Ses~ ditif au point 23 de Tordre du jour (A/6000/RevA), 4 Quoted in French by the speaker. Oi] " "Witnessing now the total immersion in the multiracial ideal of a town like Carmona, where the Civilians sustained in 1961 a terrorist onslaught with only 18 soldiers to help them, an American colleague of mine declared: 'God help anyone who tried to mess this up'.” "Constatant le total racial d'une ville comme lation civile a subi un en 1961 avec seulement un de mes collégues Dieu vienne en aide 4 quiconque cette situation." 38, 1 now turn to the question of peace and security. That Portugal is threatening international peace and security is a slogan that the African countries make much use of, In their memorandum of 11 July 1963 [see 8/5347], addressed to the Security Council, it was stated that Portuguese policy was "a continuing source of international conflict and tension which is a serious threat to international peace and security". As long ago as 14 March 1961, speaking before the Security Council, the representative of Liberia said that "the situation"~in Angola—"is a threat to world peace" [945th meeting]. And on 38, J'en viens maintenant et de la sécurité. Que et la sécurité internationales, jes pays africains utilisent moire du 11 juillet 1963 Conseil de sécurité, il était tugaise créait "une source national et de tension qui pour la paix et la sécurité le 14 mars 1961, parlant rité, le représentant du tion" — en Angola — "8tait paix du monde" [945éme le représentant de la Tunisie était considérée "comme et la sécurité internationsies" La semaine derniére, souligné 4 maintes reprises gaise constituait une menace internationales, Cette grave été prouvée, mais elle maniére 4 donner l'impression constitue réellement un danger, 6 December 1963, the Tunisian representative said that "the situation has been characterized as seriously disturbing international peace and security" (1079th meeting]. Last week, all the four delegations stressed time and again that Portuguese policy is a threat to international peace and security. This very serious accusation has never been substantiated, but it is repeated, time and again, so as to create the impression that our policy is actually a danger to someone, 39. The Foreign Minister of Tunisia is particularly 39. C'est 14 un sujet que étrangéres de Tunisie et il cite toujours, comme semaine derniére, les mes censés faire en République chacun sait que nous n'avons au Sénégal, et, lorsqu'il tiére, nous avons proposé par une commission tripartite Le Sénégal a toujours ne le dit pas au Conseil que nous sommes Iles seurs, et que l'accusation qu'un procédé qui sert 4 des autres, Au cours du keen on this topic, and he always cites, as he did once again last week, the incursions" we are alleged to make into the Republic of Senegal. Now, everyone knows that we have not made any incursions into Senegal, and when there have been frontier incidents we have offered to have them investigated by a tripartite commission appointed by the United Nations. Senegal has always refused, but Mr. Slim did not tell this to the Security Council. The fact is that we are the victims, not the aggressors, and the accusation made against us is merely a device to conceal the activities of others. During the first six months of 1966 alone the air space over Portuguese Guinea was violated 140 times; I am not, of course, 1965, I'espace aérien de violé 146 fois; je ne détail chacune de ces jten remettrai la liste au qu'elle soit distribuée Néanmoins, nous continuons de comme si nous menacions ou tout simplement comme & notre propre peuple. Or, En tout état de cause, des infiltrateurs, des terroristes méme si certains d'entre groupe ethnique ou ont la lemagne soviétique envahissait d'Allemagne, cela constituerait going to describe each violation to the Council, but I will submit this list to the Secretariat, with the request that it should be circulated to the members of the Council.3/ But we are still being presented to the world as if we were either threatening the security of others or simply conducting a war against our own people, it is just not so, In any case, infiltra~ tors are infiltrators and terrorists are terrorists, even though some may be of the same ethnic group or nationality. If Soviet Germany were to invade the Federal Republic of Germany, that would be aggression even though there would be Germans on both sides of the border, And foreign bases and foreign sanctuaries are illegal, no matter where they are. But today, it is no longer possible to deny that there is a vast 5/ Distribué ultérieurement sous officiels du Conseil de sécurité, yingtiéme novembre et décembre 1965. November and December 1965. network of foreign interests, ments, political parties, philanthropic foundations which disturb the peace in Angola is not a gratuitous statement we have to make use of our information, The matter is with it by citing some information © total dévouement 3 1'id&al multiitle comme Carmona, of la popu~ . subi un terrible assaut terroriste sulemert 18 soldats pour la secourir, ll8gues américains a déclaré: "Que aide 4 quiconque essaiera de troubler naintenant & la question de Ja paix &. Que le Portugal menace 1a paix nternationales, c'est un slogan que sources, iS utilisent beaucoup, Dans leur mé- iNet 1963 [voir $/5347) adressé au ‘ité, il Etait dit que la politique por= tne source continue de conflit interision qui Constitue une menace grave la sécurité internationales", Déja 40. As early as 19 June 1961, ®Ghana has become an arsenal fighters," The newspaper of the Monrovia group promising moral support" to those fighting and to the unloading of big arms at the Ghanaian port of eyes of the Ghanaian police, "A certain quantity of these secretly into the far interior coast of Angola.* » parlant devant le Conseil de sécu= itant du Libéria disait que "la situai= "&tait dangereuse et menagait la 2458me séance]. Le 6 décembre 1963, Je la Tunisie disait que la situation "comme troublant gravement la paix internationales" [10798me séance], migre, les quatre d€légations ont es reprises que la politique portuune menace @ Ja paix et A la sécurité Cette grave accusation n'a jamais ds elle est reprise, et reprise, de 41, In the first week of August 2x limpression que notre politique organs of the world reported had discovered a vast clandestine to Angola, The arms were labelled "ground nuts", The stated that the contraband was The Journal du Dimanche August 1961, that the clandestine started in the spring of that the first acts of terrorism Angola, Again, according to December 1961, the training in Angola was already well anc arms from that country, other African countries, Angola. On 13 March 1962, the bladet carried a dispatch from Leopoldville, corroborating and stating that "volunteers" had arrived in order to fight to the Observer of 8 April trained in Tunisia were Congo shortly. Other reports carried by various news organs Herald, the New_York Herald Science Monitor and the April 1962, Furthermore, 4 June 1962, reported that Tunisia had disclosed "that action against French troops ‘ent un danger, . Sujet que le Ministre des affaires Tunisie a particuliérement & coeur, irs, comme il l'a fait & nouveau Ja e, les "incursions" que nous somre en République du Sénégal. Or, nous n'avons fait aucune incursion orsqu'll y a eu des incidents de fron- S proposé qu'une enquéte soit faite ssion tripartite nommée par ]'ONU. vujours refusé, mais cela M, Slim ta Conseil de sécurité, Le fait est es les victimes et non les agresaccusation porte contre nous n'est i sert 4 dissimuler les agissements z0urs du seul premier semestre de rien de Ja Guinée portugaise a &té je ne vais certes pas d&crire en Je ces violations au Conszil, mais a liste au Secrétariat en demandant sribuée aux membres du Conseil 5/, continuons 4 étre présentés au monus menacions la sécurité des autres nt comme si nous faisions la guerre. 2uple. Or, Cela est tout 4 fait inexact. cause, des infiltrateurs restent des i terroristes restent des terroristes, s d'entre eux appartiennent au méme ou ont la méme nationalité. Si 1'Alue envahissait la République fédérale la constituerait une agression, quand border". Their leader also "had recently received shipments a large shipment from Tunisia He added that "this shipment heavy machine-guns, greriades urement sous la cote 5/6886; voir Documents. — vingtiéme année, Supplémentd'octobre, Sawrits, vingtiéme année, Supplémentd'octobre, i, Tunis one Co participate : ‘ ear and Sierra Without vate, in the item before it, Coumetlts deliberations on the AQ the invitation of { Ment, Air, Alberts nea VNopsue (Port » Rudolph Grin ja), ; i fahle, 42, In passing, I would say that the above foreigners are of course not called "mercenaries" but "volunteers" or "freedom fighters", Further evidence can be found in the Baltimore Sun of 3 June 1962, which 42, Je me permettrai de les Etrangers susmentionnés sous le nom de "mercenaires", ou de "combattants de Ja d'autres témoignages dans le vier 1962, qui mentionne aussi ment rapportés. Nous retrouvons mations dans Al Ahram du Caire, also reported the above disclosures, We find the same in Al Ahram of Cairo, dated 9 January 1962, and in Newsweek of 10 December 1962. All this supplying of armaments and recruitment of foreigners went on as reported in the New York Herald Tribune, in Maroc Information, in La Nation africaine and in La Dépéche d'Algérie, all of 18 January 1963, and again in La Nation africaine, Le Figaro of 22 May 1963, and L'Orient of 6 June 1963, On 7 July 1963, The New_York Times wrote: "Tunisia began providing small arms in May 1961, shortly after hostilities began in Angola and continues to give intermittent 1962, et dans Newsweek du ces envois d'armes et ce ont continué, ainsi que ie Herald Tribune, Maree Information, caine, la Dépéche d'Algérie 18 janvier 1963, et encore le Figaro du 22 mai 1963, ainsi 1963. Le 7 juillet 1963, le "La Tunisie a commencé 4 en mai 1961 peu aprés louverture Angola et elle continue & mittent en argent et en armes.” en septembre 1964, nous M, John Biggs-Davidson, britannique, ot nous lisons financial and arms support." More recently, in September 1964, we find an article by a British Member of Parliament, Mr, John Biggs-Davidson, in which he wrote: "J'ai visité un arsenal la plupart étaient de fabrication Des journalistes occidentaux que des armes et des combattants de la Guinée chargées de navires -7Wiétiques." "] was shown an armoury of captured arms, most of which were Czech or Russian, Western journalists have reported from Conakry the landing from Russian ships of arms and ammunition for the fighters of Portuguese Guinea," 43, Le 10 aofit 1965, le Daily publiait une dépéche d'un jouit du respect de tous, Ian aprés avoir fait une visite orientale: 43, On 10 August 1965, the London Daily Telegraph carried a dispatch by the distinguished and highly respected journalist Ian Colvin, in which he wrote after a prolonged visit to East Africa: tAu nord de la frontiére de Tanzanie et le Mozambique, panafricains, constitués de I'ONU pour les "réfugiés" des Maconde, dont les éléments trent en Mozambique. Les bandes de tueurs qui ont de Zanzibar. De ces camps, retournent par deux dans destinées A ces combattants fraude en Mozambique dans données par la Russie soviétique les pécheries" du lac Nyassa.* "North of the frontier between Tanzania and Mozambique, pan-African camps exist with United Nations support for ‘refugees' of the warlike Maconde tribe, whose terrorists filter into Mozambigue. The Maconde provided the killer gangs for the Zanzibar revolution. From these camps trained men return in pairs to their villages. In small boats first donated by Soviet Russia to ‘improve the fisheries' of Lake Nyassa, arms are smuggle into Mozambique for their use." 44, Nous trouvons dans septembre 1965, publigée par on Africa, le renseignement par la République-Unie de et aux groupes nationalistes 44, In the magazine Africa Today of September 1965, published by the American Committee on Africa, we find the following: "Tanzania's support for Mozambique and Zimbabwe nationalist groups is impressive and not to be found elsewhere except in Zambia," The Government paper, The Nationalist, of Dar-es-Salaam, carried an article on 8 October 1965, whose title was: "Unite Against Portugal", sionnant et n'existe pas ailleurs, Le journal gouvernemental es-Salam, publiait dans son 1965, un article intitulé: Portugal". 45, Cela m'améne 4 appeler du Conseil sur les nombreuses et bases militaires qui existent la République-Unie de Tanzanie. des bases qui peuvent &tre pays voisins, dont le Mozambique. Bagamoyo, 4 70 km de Dar 45. This leads me to draw to the serious attention of the Council the numerous training and military bases in operation in the United Republic of Tanzania. There are bases in that country for attacks against neighbouring territories, including Mozambique. There is the base in Bagamoyo, located at seventy kilometres from Dar-es-Salaam; there du Porte Conunmilfee, the First Conimittee, Committee and the on brin then we hing activities following } shall iettrai de signaler, en passant, que usmentionnés ne sont pas désignés mercenaires", mais de "volontaires" nts de la liberté", On peut trouver ages dans le Baltimore Sun du 3 janaentionne aussi les faits précédemis one at Mgawina, seventy of Mozambiyue; there are Kizizu, both near Dar-es-Salaam; Tanga, for the training another one at Kongwa, to and war against Malawi; two new bases have been and Nyamaboka. According reports, armaments have erous bases and carried Dutch, Egyptian, Japanese Nous retrouvons les mémes infor- Ahram du Caire, en date du 9 janvier ewsweek du 10 décembre 1962, Tous mes et ce recrutement d'étrangers nsi que le signalent le New York Maroc Information, la Nation afrihe d'Algérie dans leur numéro du }, et encore la Nation africaine et mai 1963, ainsi que l'Orient du 6 juin et 1963, le New York Times écrivait: mmencé 4 fournir des armes légéres 46. I believe I am entitled who is threatening international International peace and the word "international", which places this matter within of the Security Council, filtrators nor does it send Portugal is not allowing against foreign territories; large shipments of armaments of the world, And some delegations before this Council and that Portugal is being helped is being aided by foreign circles; the Portugal participated conspiracy to suppress freedom; that Portugal is quantities of the most modern ments; and that Portugal years, and still is. a threat 1 aprés l'ouverture des hostilités en continue 4 apporter un appui intermt et en armes." Plus récemment, 1964, nous trouvons un article de ~Davidson, membre du Parlement yous lisons ce qui suit: un arsenal d'armes capturées, dont ient de fabrication tch€que ou russe. es occidentaux ont signalé, de Conakry, es et des munitions destinées aux le la Guinée portugaise étaient dé- aivires -oviétiques." 1965, le Daily Telegraph de Londres ‘péche d'un journaliste éminent qui i de tous, Ian Colvin, lequel écrivait it une visite prolongée en Afrique and security, la frontiére entre la République-Unie st le Mozambique, il existe des camps 47. Now, I think it is high investigate all these accusations; Council to look seriously constitués avec le soutien financier r les "réfugi&s" de la tribu guerriére dont les éléments terroristes s'infilambique. Les Maconde ont fourni les ‘urs qui ont participé 4 la révolution national threat to peace of the facts and the evidence I think it is also high time De ces camps, les hommes entrafnés r deux dans leurs villages, Des armes the real aggressors, to investigate bases and military sanctuaries tries where they have been requests the Council to do zes combattants sont introduites en sambique dans de petites embarcations la Russie soviétique pour "améliorer " du lac Nyassa." 48. The accusing delegations, the delegation of Tunisia, Government is not and operate with the United Nations, and we have to set the record vons dans Ja revue Africa Today de 5, publiée par "American Committee renseignement suivant: "L'appui fourni que-Unie de Tanzanie au Mozambique nationalistes du Zimbabwe est impres- 2xiste pas ailleurs, sauf en Zambie.* ivernemental The Nationalist, de Dar Hait dans son numéro du 8 octobre tle intitulé: "Unissons-nous contre le = asinine 49, From 16 to 22 July the President of the Sub-Committee in Angola and his staff, the available information, wrote a letter to the Chairman Seven,6/ saying that we to the Portuguese overseas mittee had visited Goa. United States delegation, néne a appeler l'attention des membres r les nombreuses bases d'entrafnement aires qui existent sur le territoire de Unie de Tanzanie. 1 y a dans ce pays peuvent étre utilisées pour attaquer les dont le Mozambique. Il y a une base A 70 km de Dar es-Salam; il y ena une otlieves! prolond@nient bes délégation des Etats-Unis extrémement sérieuse et Angola et au Mozambique més par i'Assemblée générale les conditions régnant Nous avons accepté sincérement cette proposition. Ce sont qui l'ont écartée avec mépris. mon gouvernement a adressé Comité spéciaL¥/, cette lettre sérieuse et positive en vue pays africains intéressés ration étroite dans tous les cier des assurances de bon de non-agression, Nous n'avons Le 13 avril 1963, nous d'une commission mixte accusations portées par le dents de frontiére [1030éme sition a 6t@ repoussée avec nous avons proposé que nels de chefs d'Etat ou africains soient envoyés en pour voir tout ce qu'ils réponse ne nous a &té au Conseil de sécurité, Ministres du Libéria, de et de Madagascar 4 se rendre bique [10428me séance], clinée, Le 9 septembre 1963, du Secrétaire général a nous lui avons fourni des et trés détaillés sur les du Mozambique. Le 21 novembre nement a prié le Secrétaire un représentant militaire borabardement du territoire pays voisin, et le colonel gations du Portugal. Le gation a invité {10818me s€ance] % se rendre en Angola et ter au sujet des accusations menacerions la paix et Cette invitation que, bien a €t€ renouvelée 4 plusieurs Secrétaire général n'a pas l'accepter, Le 13 mai 1965, méme demandé la nomination, sécurité, d'une commission quéter au sujet de nouvelles concernant de prétendus [12068me séance]. Notre proposition, a été repoussée, made a very serious and constructive proposal 7/ to send two "rapporteurs", appointed by the General Assembly, to Angola and Mozambique to investigate conditions tn those two provinces. We sincerely and wholeheartedly accepted the proposal, The African delegations turned it down with contempt, On 31 March 1963 my Government sent a long letter to the Special Committee,8/ with serious and positive suggestions for a meeting with the interested African countries, for close co-operation in all fieids and for the negotiation of assurances of good-neighbourliness and of non-aggression pacts. No answer was given. On 13 April 1963 we proposed the setting-up of a mixed commission to investigate the charges by Senegal on border incidents [1030th meeting], The proposal was rejected with scorn. On 3 June 1963 we proposed that personal representatives of African Heads of State or Government be sent to Angola and Mozambique to see whatever they might wish to see, No answer was forthcoming. On 24 July 1963, before this Council, my delegation invited the Ministers of Liberia, Tunisia, Sierra Leone and Madagascar to visit Angola and Mozambique [1042nd meeting]. The invitation was refused, On 9 September 1963 the personal representative of the Secretary-Generai was invited to Lisbon and provided with full and very detailed information on the provinces of Angola and Mozambique. On 21 November 1963 my Government asked the Secretary-General ta send a military representative to investigate the bombing of Portuguese territory from a neighbouring country, and Colonel Skern did confirm the Portuguese charges. On 9 December 1963 my delegation invited {1081st meeting] the Secretary~ General tovisit Angola and Mozambique and investigate the accusations that we were threatening international peace and security. This invitation, which of course still stands, was repeated on various occasions, bvt the Secretary~General has not yet found if possible to accept our proposal, On 13 May 1965 we proposed, and in fact requested, the appointment by the Security Council of a tripartite commission to investigate new charges by Senegal concerning alleged border incidents [1206th meeting]. Again we were turned down, 50. Comme vous pouvez longue. Mais toutes nos parce que les pays africains, coopération, entendent seulement cessaire pour mettre en pour réaliser leurs idéaux, quence toute suggestion qui, pas le triomphe de leurs jes mémes accusations serait disposée 4 considérer 50. So, as you see, the list is very long. But all our suggestions are useless, because the African countries, when they speak of co-operation, mean only the co-operation required to implement their proposals, to carry out their ideals, and they therefore reject anything which, in their view, does not ensure the triumph of their aims. But since the same accusations are still being repeated, my delegation would be prepared to consider new ways and means to have them investigated. if the Council y Ibid,, point 29 de l'ordre du 8/ Document A/AG.109/36 (miméographié). / jhid., agenda item 29, document A/L,420. 8/ Document A/AC.109/136 (mimeographed).