S/PV.1568 Security Council

Mr.President, I should like to congratulate you warmly as the President of the Security Council for the month of May. I can assure you of my delegation’s full co-operation, There is no doubt that under your wise and experienced guidance the discussions in the Security Council will be successful. 3. I also wish to express my tribute to Ambassador Ortiz de ROZ~S of Argentina and Ambassador Longerstaey of Belgium for their services as Presidents of the Council in March and April, respectively. Although the Council was not convened in the course of those months, all of us know the remarkable statesmanship displayed by both repre- I 8. Past experience shows that the greatest obstacle to achieving this objective has been the mutual mistrust and the depth of feeling which divides the two communities. In the opinion of my delegation, in order to alleviate the antagonism and recover the mutual trust between them the following steps are imperative. 9. First, the parties and Governments concerned should be urged to exercise utmost restraint and moderation, and especially to avoid threats, verbal or otherwise, or the use of drastic retaliatory measures, and atso to refrain from making provocative public statements which tend seriously to undermine mutual trust in the ultimate objective of each other. IO. Second, the parties should continue more intensively their intercommunal talks by tackling, first of all, such practical problems of social life as the question of the return of Turkish Cypriot displaced persons, the freedom of lnovement through Turkish Cypriot controlled areas for unarmed Greek Cypriot civilians, or the promotion of Bconomic co-operation between the two communities. If we could achieve some break-through in such spheres of daily life. I believe that it would accelerate the return to normal conditions in other spheres. L 1. Third, further intensive efforts should bc made by the 3arties concerned for de-confrontation and de-escalation of military forces, especially in the more sensitive areas. If this :an be achieved, it could further lead to mutual reduction nd withdrawal of the national contingents of the Governnents concerned. In this connexion, it should be emphaized that the Special Representative of the Secretarygeneral will be able, upon~quest of the parties, to play a lore positive catalytic role in the exercise of his good ffices between the two communities. 19. We certainly regret the absence of Under-Secretary- General Rolz-Bennett, who served the United Nations with loyalty and devotion, and we welcome the new Under- Secretary-General, Mr. Guyer, a former distinguished Ambassador of Argentina with Iong experience and intimate knowledge of the problems of the United Nations. 2. If an atmosphere of mutual trust is restored between ie two communities by this pragmatic approach, the door ill be open to further negotiation for a lasting settlement runded upon an independent and sovereign State of yprus in which the two communities participate. 20. The Security Council is meeting today to discuss the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations operation in Cyprus for the period 2 December 1970 to 19 May 1971. In our view this report is outstanding in its frankness. Our Secretary-General, U Thant, sets forth for the international community the very diEcult problems that beset the people of Cyprus. Every one of us who has, read this report cannot but be. impressed with the straight? forward account of the mounting aspects .of the crisis now besetting Cyprus and the realistic proposals submitted by the Secretary-GeneraI,for its solution, >’ ’ 21, Those of us who have known our Secretary-General, U Thant, for a number of years know that he has always been motivated by the highest ideals of universaiism and humanism. Not content with outside, ever-changing and I. It should be recalled that operative paragraph 7 of :curity Council resolution 186 (1964) of 4 March %4-the original resolution on the question-recommends at the Secretary-General designate a mediator, in agree- %nt with the Governments directly concerned. So far this :ans of achieving a settlement has been faced with an passe, mainly because of mutual mistrust between the rties concerned. When the necessary atmosphere of dual trust is recovered, the time will be ripe for the until, as well as for the parties and Governments Icemed, to consider the possibility of reactivating the Frtant concept of the mediator envisaged in the original until resoIution. peaceful solution . to the Cyprus question be found promptly, in a spirit of compromise on both sides. It has been on this understanding that Japan has continued to support the peace-keeping operations in Cyprus by voluntary contributions. We wish to take this opportunity of expressing our gratitude to the Governments that have patiently shouldered the burden of providing the contingents for the peace-keeping operation. We sincerely hope that future developments in Cyprus witi not disillusion any of us here today+ 16. Before .ending my statement, may I join the previous speakers in expressing our deep sympathy to the Turkish people for the disaster caused by the recent earthquakes in Turkey?

Mr. President, I wish to congratulate you on your assumption, for the second time, of the high office of President of the Security Council. Important decisions were adopted when the Council met under your presidency before, and we have thus come to know the great qualities of tact, universal culture and perseverance with which you discharge your duties. 18. We wish also to congratulate the outgoing President, the permanent representative of Belgium, Ambassador Longerstaey, and also the Ambassador of Argentina, Ambassador Ortiz de Rozas. Although the Council did not meet formally during their presidencies there were important meetings for consultation, and committee meetings also. They both displayed genuine and great qualities of refinement, deep understanding of the problems of which we are seized and a great sense of responsibility concerning the work of the Security Council. “The situation in the last six months with regard to the prevention of a recurrence of fighting has remained generally calm. However, the marked lack of progress in the intercommunal talks and in efforts towards a return to normal conditions has resulted in an increase in tension and a deterioration of the political atmosphere.” lSj10199and Corr.l, para. 2.1 The report ends with this solemn warning: “Such a crisis would not only have the gravest consequences for the people of the island, but might well also constitute a serious threat to peace and security in the eastern Mediterranean.“/Ibid., para. 81.J 22. Needless to say, we are part and parcel of that area, the eastern Mediterranean, whose history-and I mean the history of the whole area-has been marked by great human tragedies and unspeakable suffering for the masses of the peoples. Hence it is our imperative duty to approach that grave situation with all the devotion and objectivity it requires of us. Furthermore, as I have had occasion to say before. my own country, Syria, and indeed all the Arab countries, have with all the parties concerned&Turkey, Greece and Cyprus-the most intimate economic, political and cultural relationship, apart from the historical ties of neighbourliness and friendship that bind us all together. And I wish on this occasion to convey to our colleague the representative of Turkey the sincere condolences of the delegation of the Syrian Arab Republic and the Government and people of Syria on the great tragedy that befell Turkey as a result of the earthquake of a few days ago. 23. The report of the Secretary-General, while dealing with the derivative aspects and manifestations of the Cyprus problem with which the Council is now so very well acquainted, does not ignore the basic fundamental issue. TO mention some of the aspects of the now grave situation, the Secretary-General informs us that “the situation continued tobe.. 4 calm on the surface” and adds: “While the level of tension has fluctuated, the atmosphere of mutual trust and confidence, so essential to achieving an improvement of the situation, is still noticeably lacking. Instead, there have been periods of considerable military display and acute sensitivity ,” fIbid., para. 26. / But thanks to the efforts of the personal representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Osorio-TafaII, and thanks to the united Nations Force Commander and all the officers and h7en and civilian staff of the United Nations Force, they here able, according to the report, to bring about a relaxation in areas of direct confrontation, 24. We are also told, in chapter III, that “there have been QO significant changes in regard to a return to normal 26. One very sensitive problem is that of the displaced persons; but we are told of a new development in the report: “The Government, through its representative at the intercommunal talks, has put forward a programme for their return to their villages.” /Ibid., pura. 5I.j It is our earnest hope that through the continuation of the intercommunal talks greater progress can be made for all displaced persons to return to their villages and farms. This we believe could lead to a lessening of tension in the area. We equalIy hope that the intercommunal talks will keep the question of dispfaced persons as well as the freedom of movement-which remains unchanged-under continuous review. The good offices of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General is a positive factor in the situation; he is available to the parties dire&y concerned and continues to maintain close contact with the leadership of the two communities, Greek and Turkish. 27. We voted this morning on the resolution extending for the nineteenth time the stationing of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force. I wish as a commentary on the extension of the Force to quote two of our experienced colleagues among the permanent members of the Security Council. In their respective statements delivered at the meeting held on 10 December 1970, and in the order in which they were delivered, the representative of France had this to say: [The speaker corltinued in French.J “In these conditions,it seems to my delegation that the maintenance of the United Nations Force for a further period of six months could, by avoiding fresh confrontation, heIp to facilitate what the report describes as an arduous road with a view to finding a reasonable and pract icaI compromise, “But it should again be empbasized that the prksence of the United Nations Force is justified only to the extent that it can faciIitate such a development. The quasi-automatic prolongation in difficult fmancial circumstances of an operation decided upon almost seven years ago could not be viewed favourably if its only effect was to crystallize a dangerous situation and to serve as a pretext for the indefinite postponement of the necessary compromise.” 11564th meeting, paras. 125 and 126. J /The speaker resumed in EngIis?z.J 28. The representative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, speaking on the same aspect, said: “The report contains a recommendation that the stationing of United Nations Forces in Cyprus should be 29. Indeed, many of the speakers who spoke today reiterated such impressions. And those words, true as they were when they were pronounced, still remain true today, and they will be true six months, or one year, or one year and a half from today if another extension is required or asked for. 30. While the United Nations forces have played and continue to play a salutary and beneficial role, they can never take the place of intercommunal talks especially since in Cyprus the two communities have coexisted and will continue to coexist. 31. Finally, WC fully share the view of the Secretary- General that it is “essential to preserve the present calm in an effort to foster a genuine improvement in the relations between all the peopIe of the isIand.“/S/IOIV~ and Cm.1. pnra. SO./ 37. The intcrcommunal talks remain not only the best but in the present circumstances probably the only wny to an agreed settlement. We also express our earnest hope that everything will be done to help reduce the now existing and mounting tension so that all the pcoplc of Cyprus and their genuine friends can look forward to a briglifer future in the whole eastern Mediterranean,

First of all, 1 should like to add my voice to those voices of the speakers who have preceded me and who have communicated to our colleague from Turkey their deep feelings and sympathy because of the cataclysm which has so painfully struck his country. In fact these natural and, therefore, inevitable scourges should have priority in the collective efforts of nations and of men so as to alleviate the sufferings engendered for the population, They should in any case make us look into ourselves and realize how ridiculous the artificial scourges often are as constituted by divisions in the world, conflicts, wars, and which, nevertheless, absorb most of our activities. They should also assist us in understanding that the solution is perhaps to be found in showing more reasonableness and more human solidarity. 34. Mr. President, I shall follow with discipline the rule which was adopted by the Council on the proposal of Ambassador Yost. Accordingly, I shall refrain from comments on yourself, on our colleagues who preceded YOU and on the new arrivals, but I would wish you-and all of them to know-that the silence is a sophisticated eulogy or, if YOU prefer, an understatement brought to its extreme limit. JS. Speaking in the Council on 10 December last /1564lJr me’erirrgj after the vote on the resolution which, for the eighteenth time, extended the stationing of the United 37. Certainly, as the document notes, the last six months have been calm, at least on the surface, and the number of incidents giving rise to gunfire have not increased noticeably as compared with the previous six months. lt is true that some modest progress has been registered in a few sectors, particularly in bringing certain public services back to normal. Definitely, as we wished last year, the Govcrnment has taken some initiatives so as to resolve the grievous problem of displaced persons and the programme which it has prepared on the subject has been the subject of an exchange of views between the representatives of the two communities. 38. Nevertheless, the communities remain profoundly divided. Mutual suspicion creates a general atmosphere of insecurity and leads to “the persistent confrontation of two well-armed military forces” which are constantly being strengthened and trained in anticipation of possible confrontations. Recourse to force rather than to conciliation in these conditions becomes a formidable temptation. So far the vigilance and prudence of Mr. Osorio-Tafall and his assistants, the permanent surveillance carried out by the United Nations officers and soIdiers, under the authority of General Prem Chand, their prompt intervention wherever it has been proved to be necessary, their devotion and their spirit of discipline which they have evinced in the exercise of their delicate mission have enabled them to maintain a fragile sfattrs quo. It suffices to read the report submitted to us to realize how precarious the situation is. In the overheated atmosphere of Cyprus, clearly the slightest spark could cause a general conflagration, and our Secretary-General has emphasized that this not only would have tragic consequences for the population of the island but also could constitute a serious threat to peace and security in the eastern Mediterranean. 39. How sre we to respond to the rise in such dangers? l-low, in particular, can the United Nations, taking into account its responsibilities, facilitate the restoration of real peace? 40. 1n the present circumstances the Secretary-General informs us: “I have no alternative but to recommend the extension of UNFICYP’s mandate for a further period of six months . . .” /S/l01 99 and Corr.I, para. 861. The Force, he assures us,maintains good working relations with the principal parties concerned and they seem to be agreed to maintain it for an additional period. In these drcumstances my delegation has once again supported the resolution which we have just adopted. But once again we would, as did the representative of Syria a ft?W minUteS ago, express doubts and apprehensions. The almost automatic renewal of the mandate of the Force has enabled us until now certainly to avoid the worst. We hope that this w8 continue to hold true for the next six months. But, and we have said this repeatedly, this runs counter to the well 41. The Secretary-General continues: 48. 1 also wish to extend mv cancratulations to your “The prospect of an apparently indefinite commitment predecessors, the Ambassadors* from-Argentina andVBcl. for the United Nations in Cyprus poses fundamental gium, for the quality of statesmanship they showed during problems for the Organization in facing its responsibilities their tenure of office. for the maintenance-of international peace and security. I do not believe that it would be either possible or wise to postpone for very much longer a comprehensive review of this problem.” /Ibid., pnru. 87.j That is the warning which the Secretary-General in his last report has invited us to ponder. We hope that this will be taken seriously in Cyprus a!so. 42. Whatever may be the practical difficulties on the island which hinder and delay the conclusion of an agreement between the two parties, it is clear that the main obstacle is a psychological one, due to patterns of thought and behaviour which will therefore have lo change. 43. As the Secretary-General has said: “‘What is Iacting. and needs to be restored, is the parties’ mutual confidence in each other’s good faith and ultimate political objectives.” /Ibid., paru. 82.j Now in these circumstances could our Secretary-General, U Thant, fail to deplore the fact that recent statements by responsible personalities of both parties stem to give rise to serious misunderstandings and to contribute to undermining mutual contidence? We cannot fail to hope with him that the leaders of all the parties concerned will restate publicly their determination that the problem of Cyprus must be solved by arriving, through peaceful means, at a lasting agreement. 44. The most promising course, in spite of any vicissitudes they are undergoing, remains that of negotiations between the two communities. These were started in 1968 and should be continued. We hope that they will lead to a general agreement in a reasonable time because, as was recognized recently by one of the parties, any useless prolongation is harmful to the extent that the appearance of new elements might increase the difficulties. 45. The latter must be surmounted, and surmounted without further delay. We are told that this can only be done if the two parties prove themselves to be bold, imaginative and sincere. Nobody doubts that they are capable of this. But, being aware of the tragic consequences of a possible failure and perhaps encouraged to follow the Course of reason by the Governments of those countries to which they so willingly turn, they must also have the firm will to reach agreement. 47. Mr. President, it is with great pleasure that I extend to you on behalf of the delegation of the Somali Republic my sincere congratulations on your assumption of the Presidency of the Security Council for the current month. I need not dwell at length on my satisfaction that the task of guiding our deliberations today has fallen to a colleague and a personal friend. 49. The Secretary-General of the United Nations and his collaborators should be congratulated for the clear and up-to-date report covering the activities of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus and for the efforts they have made to implement the mandate they received from this Council. The report of the Secretary-General indicates, however, that there has been little improvement in the situation on this troubled island. Indeed such a lack of improvement in the situation does not stimulate a return to normal conditions, especially when all the parties concerned are reported to have adopted uncompromising attitudes. 50. We had hoped that after years of conflict and confrontation, the people of Cyprus themselves would make more serious efforts in their intercommunal talks towards the achievement of a return to normal conditions in the island. We realize, however, that the situation involves difficulties which cannot be solved overnight, but the leaders of both communities must show the will and determination to take the future of their country into their own hands and find a modus viverrdi among their people. If both these communities have coexisted for the past four centuries, under the rule of one or other foreign Power that has dominated the eastern Mediterranean, we see no reason why they cannot coexist today as citizens of an independent sovereign State. We believe that a lasting solution to this unhappy situation lies squarely with the leaders of this island whose people have already suffered from the torments and tensions resulting from the civil strife in this divided small nation since 1963. 51. It is in the light of these brief considerations that we stress here the necessity for the leaders of all the parties concerned in the island of Cyprus to have the determination and courage to set to work with all their strength and their resourcefulness to solve their problems if they want to preserve and enjoy the independence and nationhood they obtained with the great sacrifice of their people from a colonial tyranny lasting for generations. 52. This, in our view, should be the mainspring of their efforts, because we believe-and here I should like to address myself directly to the representative of Cyprusthat unless the people of Cyprus accept this truth, no

In respecting the commitment I also made at the 1565th meeting of the Security Council in February iast not to spend our time in congratulatory remarks, I shall abstain, as the representative of France has done, from addressing myself to you, Mr. President, and to the previous Presidents of the Council, Ambassador ()rtiz de Rozas and Ambassador Longerstaey, as well as to new colleagues. But I can assure you, Mr. President, that this does not mean any lack of regard, respect or esteem, nor does it diminish our sincere appreciation of the consultations and useful work that has been conducted during the tenure of that high office by all of you. 55. I should also like to express to Ambassador Bayiilken the sincere sympathy of my delegation for the heavy losses in human lives and property which the recent seismic disostcr has produced in Turkey. My country, which has often been subject to the same natural calamities, can understand perfectly the human suffering and the problems which they produce. I am sure that I speak for the Italian Government and people in saying that we share with compassion the feelings of grief of our Turkish friends. 56. The positive vote which I have cast on behalf of my delegation on the draft resolution submitted for the approval of the Security Council testifies to the unswerving support of the Italianavernment for the United Nations peace-keeping operations in Cyprus. That support stems from two basic considerations: the first, of a genera1 nature, is connected with my Government’s view of the functions of the world Organization; and the second, of a more specific nature, is related to the situation on an island which, I need hardly recall, is geographically and historically very close to my own country. 57. I should like to make some general remarks on the first point. For Years it has been the consistent policy Of my Government to advocate an ever increasing peacekeeping capability for the United Nations, To enm international peace and security represents the main r&n d%tre of this Organization’s existence. Its authority and, in the long run, its very survival as an active political factor in the worId arena will depend on its capacity to respond and arise to the expectations of public opinion and of governments in this field. 58. The Secretary-General recalled those expectations at the meeting of the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations held on 1 April of this year /49th meeli%]. And all of us certainly have in mind the strong appeal of the Heads of State and Government who, at the twentysupport the efforts of the Speci;ul Committee to reach agreement on all questions relating to such operations as well as on provisions for their appropriate and equitable financing. 59. On the second specific point, let me start by stating that the Italian Government has from the beginning supported, and continues to support, the United Nations operation in Cyprus for two reasons: first, because it is consistent with the position my country has taken on the over-all problem of peace-keeping as well as on previous operations like those in the Congo and in the Middle East, where the Italian contribution in men and means is on record; secondly, because the Organisation on this specific occasion could prove, as it has done, its capacity to restore peace and to avoid a situation in which a local feud might become a hotbed of international tension and insecurity. 60. This is once more confirmed by the lucid and comprehensive repbrt for which we feel indebted to the Secretary-General. It is gratifying that a recurrence of fighting has been prevented during the Iast six months, and 1 wish to associate myself with the tribute paid to the Secretary-General’s Special Representative in Cyprus, Mr. Osorio-Tafall, and to the Commander of the UNFICYP, General Prem Chand. These men, together with all the members of the United Nations operation force, have continued to implement a most worthwhile task at the cost of personal sacrifice; they fully deserve the acknowledgement and gratitude of us all. We think that their presence in Cyprus is still necessary and that the Secretary-General was right to rqommend a further six-month extension of the mandate of UNFICYP. We welcome the fact that the Security Council has agreed to that recommendation. I am confident that my Government will not fail to provide its financial contribution, in the same amount it did in the past, to the cost of maintaining UNFICYP for another period of six months. 61. Since I have mentioned the invaluable contribution made by so many to the United Nations operation i Cyprus, I wish to recall, with gratitude, the important ar fruitful role played by Jose Rolz-Bennett in this as WC“ h other significani United Nations activities. We regrc’ reasons of health have deprived us of his inva co-operation and we wish our good and cherished frierl the best. 62. 1 wish at the same time to give a warm wetcome to the new Under-Secretary-General, Roberto Guyer, who ha already shown his great capacity, his skill and his foresigh 64. One reason why my delegation had it in mind to request a minor change in the resolution we have just adopted /293(1971)/-that is, the deletion in operative paragraph 2 of the words ‘The present auspicious climate and opportunities”-was because the report of the Secretary-General reflects, UnfortunateIy, rather different conditions. If we have not put forward this request, it is because we hope that these more favourable conditions will soon be reestablished. 65. We need, indeed, to see the precarious conditions prevailing in Cyprus transformed into a situation of enduring stability. We certainly recognize the complexity of the issues involved, but we do not think that the rights and interests of the two communities living in the island are irreconcilable. 66. On the basis of our own experience, however different, my delegation holds the view that no problem is jntractable provided there is a sincere joint will to settle it, that the main parties concerned focus their attention on the real interests, on the well-being of their peoples, and that they concentrate their efforts on what they have in common rather than on what divides them. In other words, the intercommunal talks in Cyprus can lead to a lasting s&tion provided that both sides engage in an earnest search for a fair and just compromise based on the principles of independence and unity of the Republic of Cyprus, of full respect for the freely-expressed will of the two ethnic groups and for their respective rights and titerests. Of course, it is essential to restore confidence in these talks and, in order to build confidence, nothing could help more than if each side refrained from pursuing advantages to the detriment of the other side. We all, I think, realize that today public opinion is so alert that Whatever one says or does not say, people know or sense exactly what is going on in the minds of those who make Public statements. In other words, we all know that rfelaying tactics in a world which moves at supersonic speed ire outdated and anachronistic. 72. This requires, as an external framework, respect for the sovereign right of the people of Cyprus to decide on its internal affairs. It therefore requires the elimination of all imperialist, military influences which stand in the way of a soIution of the problem. j7 - We would like, in concluding, to add our appeal for lmcere efforts to be made towards an early and satisfactory ettlement through peacefir means. And in any dispute the est solution can always come from direct taIks and Rderstanding between the main parties concerned, which ‘r Cyprus means the two communities. However, in the CL%-tunate event that these talks should not produce the ‘“UIts for which I am sure we alI wish, the Italian “legation would be prepared to take up a comprehensive view of this problem, as suggested by the Secretary- =R@ral in parag ra p h 87 of his report. Whoever has at heart, we have the irreplaceable functions of the Security 73, We look at the negotiations conducted between Greek and Turkish communities as the internal factor of normalization in the situation in Cyprus. We share the preoccupations voiced here today in the debate that these taIks should proceed unhindered. We hope for their earliest possible fruitful completion, We have always supported and :ontinue to support the aspirations of the people of Cyprus for the strengthening of its independence and sovereignty, Tar a peaceful solution to the problem, consistent with the ‘“Wl in the mainte an n ce of international peace and z”rity cannot fail to face the responsibilities entrusted to 69. Making a brief incursion back into March and April, one is naturally led to thank most sincerely Ambassador Ortiz de Rozas of Argentina and Ambassador Longerstaey of E!-eJgium, in particular for the guidance that they provided to us in the exchanges of views on the most vital issues of international peace and security that they initiated and arranged. 70. The Security Council has undertaken the discussion today of the situation in Cyprus with an evident sense of preoccupation. The length of time during which this question has been on the agenda of the Council, the regularity and frequency of the Council’s meetings devoted to the mere adoption of measures of a provisional character, on the one hand, and the fact that the problem remains unresolved, that no progress is being achjeved and that in some respects we have to note a deterioration of the situation, on the other hand, cannot but give rise to serious concern. This concern is reflected in the report of our distinguished Secretary-General. It has clearly emerged during the debate. 71, Many speakers who have preceded me have quoted at length from the report of the Secretary-General. I shaI1 therefore refrain from repeating these quotations. When discussing the problem of Cyprus, our delegation has aIways stressed the fact that normalizatjon of the situation in Cyprus can be achieved only through the full recognition and respect of the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the Cypriot State and based on the mutual understanding and agreement of the whole Cypriot people. Such a normalization would be in the interest of the people of Cyprus, of the lessening of tension in the sensitive region of the world, of the role of Cyprus as an independent peace-Ioving people pursuing a policy of non-participation in military alliances. 74. We wish, however, to state our belief that the presence Of United Nations forces in Cyprus for more than seven years now certainly cannot be considered by us as a normal phenomenon. When speaking in the debate last June /1543rd meeting/, our delegation already drew attention to this fact. WC also said that we should like to express OUT belief that the oppOtiUnity Wti Soon arise for the United Nations troops to be withdrawn from Cyprus, That is what We said in June last year, and that is what we wish to emphasize today. 82. The Cyprus operation of the United Nations, in the view of my delegation, has implications for the whole question of peacekeeping. On the success or failure of UNFlCYP will to a large extent depend the future of similar undertakings. It is utterly necessary, I think, to avoid the impression that once a peace-keeping operation has ,been started, it is more likely than not to become a permanent one. 75. Before ending 1 should like to add a few words to express to the Ambassador of Turkey our deeply felt sympathy on the tragic occasion of the earthquakes a few days ago in Turkey.

Mr. President, may I first of all join in the tributes that have been expressed to you and to your distinguished predecessors in the Chair by other speakers before tne? This is not the first time you have presided over OUT deliberations and, if I may say so, you have earned our adrnir:i(iun I’or the dynamic and dedicated manner in which you discllarged the responsibilities of the presidency. 83. Before concluding I should like to take this opportunity to express my delegation’s appreciation to the Secretary-General, as well as to former Under-Secretary- General Rolz-Bennett and all the military and civilian officers in Cyprus for their meritorious service in carrying out with efficiency and devotion the arduous duties assigned to them on behalf of the United Nations. 77. I would also take the opportunity to associate m) delegation with the expressions of sympathy for the victims of the recent earthquakes in Turkey.

Mr. President, it is a very pleasant duty for me to congratulate you, on behalf of my delegation, on your assumption of the office of President of this Council for the current month. Having worked with you in close association for some time now, I have no doubt whatever that your personal qualities will enable you to carry out your important tasks to the satisfaction of all. I should also like to associate my delegation with the tribute which you so ably paid to Ambassador Longerstaey of Belgium a,pd Ambassador Ortiz de Rows of Argentina, who, as Presidents of the Council for March and April respectively, gave us important and useful leadership. We all remember the keenness they showed in their application to duty and the excellent briefings they gave us about matters concerning international peace and security. 78. My delegation welcomes the unanimous decision of the Council to extend the mandate of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for an additional period of six months. In our view rrrcch extension is called for by the conditions prevailing on the island. 79. My delegation notes that in the period covered by the present report of the Secretary-General from 2 December I970 to 19 May 1971, the situation in Cyprus continues to be relatively calm. Breaches of the cease-fire have been of a minor character and shooting incidents have not been frequent or serious enough to disturb the general state of tnnquillity. It is none the less regrettable, as the Secretary- General pointed out in the introduction to his report, that “the marked lack of progress in the intercommunal talks and in efforts towards a return to normal conditions has resulted in an increase in tension and a deterioration of the Political atmosphere.“[Sfl0?9 and Carr.I, para. 2.J 85. We should Iike to offer our profound sympathy, through Ambassador Bayiilken, to the Government of Turkey for the repeated earthquake disasters which have cost so many lives and caused such great damage to property recently and during the past few years. 80. This does not mean, of course, that in the last six months there has not been any significant progress. As Was emPhasized by the representative of Cyprus in his statemellt , the contacts between Greek and Turkish Cypn’Ots have beon maintained in the economic field, especially in the Private sector and in a number of semi-autonomous and non-governmental institutions. There has also been further Progress towards norm&&ion of public services. 86. I now come to the subject of today’s meeting. In the view of the delegation of Sierra Leone, the Council’s draft resolution of 25 May 1971 /S/10209], to extend the life of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for another six-month period is very reasonable, and it was therefore supported by us. The introduction to the Secre- 95. The positive side of the report, which marks the increased cooperation in economic matters among various sections of the Cyprus population and a progressive extension of the public service to Turkish Cypriot areas, is one which gives my delegation great satisfaction. It appears to us that an improvement in the economic development of the population is an absolute necessity for improved relations and peaceful cooperation between the communities. 87. The report is very informative and provides us whh a balanced assessment of the existing situation. But this evaluation, compared with that of the previous six-month period, shows a deterioration in the island’s intercommunal relationship. We would have expected a general easing of tension, especially as seven years have already elapsed since the presence of the United Nations was first established in Cyprus. 96. In conclusion, we should like to congratulate and praise the Secretary-General for the tireless leadership he has given over the past seven years in such difficult and trying circumstances. Our great appreciation goes also to his Special Representative, Mr. Osorio-Tafall, his military commander, Major-General Prem Chand, and the new Under. SecretaryGeneral, Mr. Roberto Guyer, as we11 as to the civilian and military staff whose contributions have averted a war in the island. We extend our deep sympathy to Mr. Rolz-Bennett, the Under-Secretary-General charged with this mission, for his untimely retirement, 89. The principle of loving thy neighbour as thyself is embedded in the traditions of both Greece and Turkey. 97. The figures in the report speak for themselves of the $8. The intercommunal talks between Mr. Denktash and Mr. Clerides offer much hope and constitute at present the main path towards a peaceful settlement. We have foundand this is true not only in Cyprus but also in aI1 other parts of the world-that political leaders in such a situation should be given strength and encouragement by their friends to be bold when making statements to their own followers. This should be preached more vigorously by the leaders of achievements of the Secretary-General and his staff. The both sides in Cyprus. We know that in doing so they will steady decline in shooting incidents in the past three years face accusations of betrayal from extremists from their own to a figure which is now almost 90 per cent less than that of side, and mistrust and disbelief from the other side. But three years ago is most encouraging. Although there is there can be no other way if leadership is to be courageous, much yet to be done in this situation, no one can deny that productive and lasting. We thus appeal for conciliation the maintenance of this peace-keeping operation has been between all the communities concerned, and a speedy one of the major successes of U Thant’s administration. correction of ancient wrongs and humiliations,

Mr. President, the delegation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics would like to add its voice to the congratulations and good wishes addressed to the President of the Security Council, the representative of Burundi, and to the Presidents for the months of March and April, the Ambassadors of Argentina and Belgium. I should also like to congratulate our new colleague, Ambassador Bush, who is taking part for the first time in the work of the Security Council, on his appointment to the important post of Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations. At the same time I should like to express the hope that his active participation in the work of the Security Council, along with its other members, will help to strengthen the international political effectiveness of the United Nations and of the Security Council as the organ bearing the primary responsibility within the United Nations system for the maintenance of peace and security. I should also like to express the hope that the participation of Ambassador Bush in the work of the Security Council will contribute not only to the adoption by the Council of decisions relating to the strengthening of peace and security but also-and I should like to lay particular stress on this-to the implementation m their entirety of decisions taken by the Council. 90. We support the Secretary-General’s appeal for both sides to continue with the intercommunal talks in a genuine spirit of give and take. Unless all parties are willing and determined to make concessions, little progress can be achieved. PI. My Government concurs with the Secretary-General’s concern that should the talks break down grave consequences will result not only for the people of the island but also for the peace and security of the eastern Mediterranean which will be seriously threatened. 92. The problems which face Cyprus are not unique. Perhaps this knowledge might help the various communities towards a solution when they realize that the probIems they are facing have been faced elsewhere before and are HOW being faced elsewhere, including Africa, sometimes With a considerable degree of success. 33. We look forward to the day when a citizen of an bdependent and united Cyprus can say, “I am a Cypriot”, without reference to the country of origin of his or her sncestors. ‘4. We do not underestimate for a moment the difficulties 99. I have already had occasion to express to the merent in such an approach, since both their motherlands Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations 100. Turning IIOW to the question under discussion, the USSR delegation considers it essential to begin by stressing the fact that the Soviet Union has invariably approached matters debated in the Security Council and the United Nations as a whole from the standpoint of the need to strengthen international peace and security. This approach is fully in keeping with the main purposes and principles of the LJnited Nations Charter. 101. The lwenty-fourth Congress of the Communist party of the Soviet Union, held recently in Moscow, adopted a comprehensive programme concerning the struggle for peace, the strengthening of security and international cospcration, and the freedom and independence of peoples. This programme reflects the organic link in the Soviet Union’s foreign policy between implacable opposition to aggression, arbitrary action and the intrigues of the irnpcrinlist forces, constructive proposals Concerning ways of solving pressing international problems, and the consistcnt defence of the Leninist principle of peaceful cocxistcncc between States having different social systems. 102. The tasks set J’orth in Mr. I.,. 1. Brezhnev’s report and in the decisions of’ the Congress encompass the basic problems of international relations at the present stage in history. Their solution would be in the interest of all peoples alld all States, no matter what social system the) belong to or where they are situated OR the earth’s surface. The ta&s xct by the Congress are realistic ones, since the) are based on the results achieved or the measures planned in recent years in the strug& for peace and international co-operation. They constitute a practical and promising programme of action for the next few years. The fulfilment of the tasks, set, by the ongress for the defence of peace and the strengthening of international security would ensure a change ill international relations from tension to diterzte and a lasting peace. This is how those tasks were understood by a large number of States and by world opinion. 103. In seeking to fulfil these tasks, the Sovjet Union will act in a principled, consistent and at the same time flexible manner, with due regard for the legitimate rights Of all States whose interests are at stake in any particular issue. The Congress accorded pride of place in the struggle for peace to the task of eliminating existing hotbeds of war and preventing others from appearing. This is undoubtedly the most pressing task, since international relations can never be normalized as long as acts of aggression continue. 104. Under present circumstances the Soviet Union considers it a realistic and feasible task to prevent the emergence of further hotbeds of war, provided all States interested in maintaining peace unite their efforts. Conditions must be created in which the refusal to resort to force 0r the threat of force for the settlement of disputes bec0mcs an immutable law of international lift. 106. The Soviet Union’s position on the Cyprus question has been repeatedly set forth in statements by the Soviet Government and by USSR representatives in the Security Council and elsewhere. This position remains fully valid and in force. The Soviet Union has always based and still bases its position on the fact that the Cyprus question must be settled by peaceful means in the interests of the people of Cyprus and in order to reduce tension in that important area of the world. Any such settlement must be based on respect for the freedom, independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus which, as a sovereign State and a Member of the United Nations, is conducting a policy of peace and non-alignment with military blocs. There is and can be no doubt that the solution of the internal problems of Cyprus is a matter for the Cypriots themselves, citizens of a sovereign State Member of the United Nations. 107. The question of Cyprus must be settled witflout external interference. The lawful rights of all citizens, of both Greek and Turkish origin, must be respected by all. The Soviet LJnion is resolutely opposed to any attempt to encroach upon the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus or to settle the Cyprus question behind the backs of its people, to the prejudice of their vital interests and to the advantage of the selfish imperialist aims of outside forces. 108. It is our profound conviction that in order to ensure the full independence, integrity and sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus all foreign forces must be withdrawn from its territory and all foreign military bases removed. 109. The Soviet delegation would also like to stress the need, in strict accordance with resolution 186 (1964) adopted by the Security Council on 4 March 1964, for all States to refgain from any action contrary to that resolution which might complicate the situation in Cyprus. 110. It should also be noted that Cyprus is situated in the immediate vicinity of Europe and that the state of affairs on that continent has a most direct bearing on the situation in Cyprus. The recent trend towards an easing of tension in Europe can therefore only be welcomed. For its part, the Soviet Union, together with other socialist countries, has consistently advocated the implementation of further measures for the strengthening of peace and security in Europe, the most important of them being the rapid convening of an all-European conference on matters relating to security. 111. Today, the Security Council is once again considering the question of Cyprus in connexion with the report by the Secretary-General on the United Nations operation in Cyprus for the period 2 December 1970 to I9 May 1971. positive conclusion to L~sL’ talks in the interests of the Rcpubljc of Cyprus and all its cilizens. There can be no doubt thal it is only through such negotiations, based on mutual understanding and goodwill, without interference and above alJ witflout any pressure from outside, that condjtions can be created under which all Cypriots, all citizens of the sovereign State of the Republic of Cyprus, can Icad pcaccf’ul and secure lives. ) 12. ‘fhc LlSSR dclcgalion would particularly like to cmptlasize that it slrarcs the concern expressed in the Secretary-Ccncral’s report at the lack of progress towards a solution of the underlying problems. The report also contains a rccommcndation lo exlcnd once more the mandate of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for a further six-month period. In this connexion it must bc pointed out that many years have elapsed since fore@ military contingents, under the name of United Nations forces, wcrc first sent to Cyprus in circumslanccs wl~ich arc well known to us all. The fact that they have stayed CJII the island for such a long time, as my delegation and many others have already pointed out, cannot bc rcgardcd ah normal. Such a protracted United Nations pcaoc-keeping operation cannel scrvc as a nir)del for opcr;iticJm~ of tlmt kind, rto maikr how certain delegations h;ivc tried to praise il. Tllc Soviet delcgatiOn continues to belicvc firmly that this particular United Nations operation canrtrjt and !~l~ould not continue indefinitely. In itself, the prescncc CJf foreign troops on the territory of an indepcndcnt sovereign State, even under the auspices and in the name of the United Nations, can only be a short-term extraordinary measure that must be terminated as rapidly as possible. 113. The USSR delegation hopes that such an occasion will present itself before the expiry of the next six-month extension of the stationing of these forces in Cyprus. In the meantime, those responsible could usefully think the matter over and take measures to reduce the numbers of these forces. The idea of reducing and withdrawing forces is a popular one at the present time and could well be applied to Cyprus. On this understanding, and also considering the position on this matter of the parties concerned and above all of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus, the Soviet delegation witI not now raise the question of the complete withdrawal of these forces from the territory of Cyprus. 114. With regard to the resolution just adopted or, to be more exact, adopted at our first meeting today / 293 (Ig71//, the USSR delegation considers it particularly wntial to stress that this resolution concerning the proposal to extend the statjoning of the United Nations forces in Cyprus for a further six-month period confirms tbe Principal provisions of Security Council resolution f fid (l964j of 4 March 1964 and also subsequent decisions *f the Council on the Cyprus question. The USSR dclegatipn regards this circumstance as a decisive, key 116. Mr. LONGERSTAEY (Belgium) fb~tcrprcfarion from ~~cdJ: Mr. President, allow me first of all to express to YOU our most cordial congratulations on your accession to the Presidency of the Security Council. Since my arrival in New York I have been able to appreciate your remarkable diplomatic qualities as well as your keen sense of responsibility. 1 need hardly add that 1 feel particularly moved to see an eminent ambassador of Burundi, a country with which Belgium maintains relations of friendship which are as close as they are fruitful, directing with so much taIent and authority the work of the organ of our Organisation charged with the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. I should also like to thank the many representatives for the kind words that they hove addressed to me. 117. Before stating the point of view of my Government regarding the item on the agenda for this meeting, I should like to express to the representative of Turkey the sad feelings of sympathy of the people of Belgium in regard to the many families who are in mourning because of the disastrous earthquakes which have devastated several places in eastern Turkey. 118. Once again the Security Council has been called upon to pronounce itself on the question of the extension, for another six”month period, of the stationing on Cyprus of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force. My deIegation voted in favour of the resolution which endorsed the decision of the Council because we share the reasoning and arguments which are developed in the chapter on observations in the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations operation in Cyprus for the period 2 December 1970 to 19 May 1971. 119. Chile’ it is true that the latest report submitted by ,he Secretary-General contains certain positive elements in :omparison with the previous one-the fact, for example, hat there are no deaths to be deplored because of incidents between the two communities, the reduced number of ncjdents, the new progress registered in trying to restore ,ubhc services-nevertheless it is no less true that essentially i reflects the concern and apprehensions of impartial bservers who see the deterioration of the political and conomic situation in Cyprus. Paragraphs 78 and 79 leave o doubt about the grave and serious character of the issensions which divides the two communities. After Irefully examining the developments which have occurred t C : il P ii e n d Ci 124. I should not wish to end this statement of the attitude of my Government on the question of Cyprrur without paying a sincere tribute to the tireless efforts made by the officers, noncommissioned officers and soldiers of the United Nations Force in the execution of the mandate conferred on them by the Security Council in its resolution 186 (1964) of 4 March 1964. We can proudly affirm that in Cyprus the United Nations has introduced a factor of order and peace. “the situation in the island remains apparently calm, . . .” but there is a “depth of feeling which still divides the two communities. The continuation of this situation is all the more hazardous because of the persistent confrontation of two well-armed military forces . . .” [ibid., para. 79J. 120. Accordingly my delegation unreservedly supports the two immediate conclusions of the Secretary.General after analyzing the situation, namely, first, the present calm must be maintained so as to promote a real improvement in the relations between all the populations of the island; and, secondly, that it is in the interest of all the parties to continue the intercommunal talks in a real spirit of conciliation. 125. Mr. DE LA CtJARDlA (Argentina) {interpretation fium Spanish): First of all, on behaIf of my delegation 1 should like to express to the representative of Turkey, and through him his entire people, our sincere condolences on the earthquake which recently devastated a part of his country, a country which has so often suffered similar catastrophes. 121. Regarding the maintenance of calm, my delegation places its confidence in the tact, spirit of discipline and general behaviour of the officers, non-commissioned of. ficers, and soldiers of the United Nations Force which, since 1964, has so decisively contributed to the restoration of public order and has done everything in its power to prevent incidents from degenerating into combat. 126. May I next congratulate you, Mr. President, because you are once more conducting the work of the Council. We also wish to express our gratitude to the Secretariat for the work they have done in everything pertaining to the item we are dealing with. In this connexion, we warmly remember and appreciate Mr. Rolz-Bennett for having done exceptional work in this field. To his successor, Mr. Roberto Cuyer, with whom I have an old friendship, I augur the greatest success, as I am convinced that he will brilliantly continue the work he started after his trip to Cyprus. To the representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Osorio-Tafah and to Major-General Prenr Chand who commands the United Nations Forces on Cyprus, we express our moral support, in the certainty that they are discharging a vital role for the attainment of our set objectives. 122. On the other hand, the efforts for the maintenance of order cannot bear fruit unless there are continuous parallel interconrmunal talks between the representatives of the two communities. My Government firmly hopes that Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash will continue their talks, and have an exchange of constructive proposals and replies so as to arrive at an over-all solution. My deregation took note with satisfaction of the statements made by these two personalities, according to which they will continue their negotiations so as to arrive& a Peaceful solution, despite the disagreements which divide them in regard to fundamental principles. In that process it is important to allow quiet diplomacy to take its course, We know from experience that in a tense atmosphere public statements further complicate matters, and we feel sure that the responsible leaders will understand this, My delegation 127. More than once on past occasions when this same question was debated in the Security Council and when my country had the honour to be one of its members, that is, in 1966 and 1963, the delegation of Argentina expressed its opinjon with a feeling of combined optimism and discouragement. This is the fourth year since then and we see no change, no reason to show greater optimism or greater discouragement. Supports the appeals of the Secretary-General to the leaders of all the parties concerned to evince statesmanship, I would furthermore take this opportunity to pay tribute to the uninterrupted and wise action of the SecretaryGeneral md of his representative on the spot, Mr. Osorio-Tafall, fe+ned to bring peace and to mediate among the ‘ePresentatives of the two communities. Only the main- =s’Grnce of national cohesion within a realistic and positive anception of national interests can contribute to restoring Climate of confidence in a country which has suffered too -8. 128. But this in itself is dangerous and should trouble us. If the situation has not improved in four years, this in itself indicates that it has become worse and in truth the excellent and complete report of the Secretary-General clearly shows this, 129. We do believe that there is one positive fact, a very positive one, on Cyprus; it is positive for our Organization and positive in its results for the entire world. The presence of an international peace-keeping force, a United Nations Force, has made a decisive contribution towards a cessation of violence. This is very important. $3. MY Government has taken note of the growing nancial implications of the United Nations operation on YPros. AS it has in the past, Belgium will not fail to make vOluntary contribution to cover the operating expenses of 131. The presence of the internationaf force can bring an end to violence but not to a disarmament of minds. The officers of the army, the navy and the air force of my country know this well; for some time they have been making their effective contribution in another United Nations peace-keeping force elsewhere. 132. Paragraphs 2 and 26 in particular and all of chapter VIII of the report furnish abundant and alarming proof of such a state of mind. In one of these we even are told that there is “an increase in tension and a deterioriation of the political atmosphere” /see S/10199 and Corr.I, pra. 2/ and in paragraph 81 we are warned that: “It seems more than likely that if the intercommunal talks were to break down or to end in complete and admitted failure, a new and major crisis would shortly erupt in Cyprus. Such a crisis would not only have the gravest consequences for the people of the island, but might well also constitute a serious threat to peace and security in the eastern Mediterranean.” 133, In fact, maintenance of that international force is not and could never be an objective in itself if no progress is made on substantive solutions. 134. Yet today WC are considering only that first task which is certainly limited, although we recognize its importance. Accordingly, my delegation voted in favour of the resolution which we adopted this morning, being fully convinced that we thereby co-operated in a good cause, the cause of peace. 135. Our agenda for today does not contain a discussion on the substance of the question, and we shall not discuss it; my delegation will not. But let us not wear a blindfold to the potential dangers of the situation. 136. We all know the fears and distrust which regrettably the two Cypriot communities feel and the report before us exposes them openly. In our opinion, the remedy for these ills is indicated in paragraph 83 of the same document when it counsels the leaders of the communities who are the only and essential parties to the problem to solve the problem of Cyprus: “by arriving, through peaceful means, at a lasting agreement based on the independence and sovereignty of a unitary State of Cyprus.” 137. Let it be clearly understood that we are convinced that each of these ideas carries a certain weight and meaning in a delicate balance which would doubtless be sffected if more emphasis were placed on one than on the ather. I38. MY delegation fervently hopes that we shall reach ,hat substantive soIution as early as possible. 140. Nor, could I fail to express our deepest sympathy to the Ambassador of Turkey in connexion with the serious earthquake which so devastated his country. 141. With respect to the draft resolution which was before the Council, we voted in favour of it. Since the delegation of Nicaragua previously expressed its views at length on the problem of Cyprus and because of the urgency of time, we now consider it to be unnecessary to repeat them and because, furthermore, they appear in the verbatim records of the Security Council. May I confirm them again now.

I shall now speak as representative of BURUNDI. 143. First of all it is the duty of the delegation of Burundi to express its feelings of compassion to the Government of Turkey, through its representative, in connexion with the natural disasters which have recently struck that country. 144. Secondly, I am pleased on behalf of the delegation of Burundi to express my gratitude to the civilian and military authorities who represent the Secretary-General on the island of Cyprus, for their outstanding devotion and service throughout their mandate. 145. Thirdly, with respect to the Secretary-General, my delegation is pleased to express to him our feelings of admiration for the very comprehensive, frank report on the present situation in Cyprus. Along the same lines, it is a pleasure to see that I have seated next to me the Under-Secretary-General, Mr. Roberto Guyer, who has SO greatly assisted us by providing us with a report on short notice. I should therefore like to thank him and to express our best wishes for a brilliant career in his new post. I should also like to wish his predecessor a speedy and complete recovery and hope that he will long enjoy good health. 146. To turn now to the problem which has concerned the Council throughout the day, I must first of all state that the categorical imperative for Cyprus is to build a nation based on harmony and brotherhood among its citizens. 147. As Montesquieu wrote in The Spirit Of kZWs: “The right of peoples is based naturally on this principle: the different nations, in peace, must do for each other the greatest good, and in war the least evil that is possible”. 148. If this moving appeal is applicable to all foreign nations, is it not, therefore, all the more valid for the compatriots of a single State, CYPruS? 149. I come now to the unity and identity of the human destiny. Situated almost at the crossroads of three continents, Europe, Africa and Asia, which are brilliant centres 150, These tendencies are unfortunately also widespread in Asia, the Middle East, Europe, Africa and Latin America. They generate civil wars, wars of secession, religious conflicts and racial and colonial wars. The case of Cyprus cannot be dissociated from the general virus which aff’bctj man on our planet. 15 I . For my part, I believe that the onIy viable solution to the dispute which divides the two communities resides in their final determination to work together for the conso]- idation of one and the same Cypriot identity. In that undertaking, the leaders and spokesmen of the two parties have the responsibility to create a national atmosphere which is in every way favourable to fratemization. 152. However, such an atmosphere will be conceivable only when the recriminations of one side against the other are banished forever. Recriminations would only worsen a situation, which already contains the seeds of a new conflagration. A vast campaign for reconciliation and pacification designed to eliminate rancour and resentment should be on the programme to build an independent and sovereign Cypriot State. To reach such a stage, the vital reciprocal interests must be safeguarded and taken into account. The two sides equally claim the right to live and to citizenship and to all the privileges flowing therefrom. No pretext, either numerical or historical, should deprive either of the two communities of the enjoyment of civil rights. The monopoly of powers must be excluded in relations between Greeks and Turks. Since the allegiance to their respective ancestoral origins diverts the two columns of the same society from patriotic dedication, it is destined to yield before the requirement to devote themselves body and soul to their only homela%, Cyprus, 153. Prompted by the principles which I have mentioned above and inspired by the intentions which I have expressed, the Government of the Republic of Burundi, consistent with itself, has instructed its delegation to the Security Council to support the resolution which was adopted this morning in the light of the report of the scretary.General and in accord with it, and which corresponds to a maxim of Aristotle’s-one of the ancestors of *ne of the interested communities& his Efhique d ~Wrne: ‘The main purpose of politics is to create fi-iendsMp between the members of a city.” lS4. One of the primary concerns of the United Nations should be the firm resolve to bring about a profound hrJma% cultural, economic and politicaI osmosis between fhe races. ls5. The situation prevailing among the Cypriot citizens as we*] as among many others in other countries at present ‘cquires us to renounce obsolete myths, so long devised -garding Africa, whose prestige and destiny are still 157. We perceive old theories in new forms, according to which Africa, forever struck by a congenital powerlessness, is incapable of looking after itself. On the one hand, the political proselytism of African leadership, on the other hand, tribalism, jeopardize everything according to those hm-ies. They reflect in a servile way ancient conceptions stigmatised by Descartes, who, in his A Discourse on Me’fhod, describes the governors of the ancient regime as those who by birth or fortune are called upon to manage public affairs, 158. It appears clearly that those who hold such ideas try to divide mankind into different camps, one of which supposedly has a race endowed with native and acquired political omniscience while the other only includes beings who are forever deprived of any skill for national or international public affairs. Being exposed to a strong dose of racial psychosis, the advocates of these doctrines are characterized by an ingenuity which is in every way pitiful. 159. The Organization of African Unity (OAU) is not a giant with feet of clay and is not ready to crumble before a faint breeze. Indeed, if that vast continent enjoyed global homogeneity, then one might question the need for the OAU. We must exorcise from our minds the artificial and ingenious spectre. This is a fundamental mistake: a mechanical uniformity; cultural, religious and political would not be desirable, nor healthy, nor beneficial, because it would not be effective due to its very monotony. Based on the variety of respective national characteristics, the continental organization will find its fulfilment in its heterogeneity and in its diversity, which is the basis for being complementary and definite unity. Accordingly it would be chimerical to try to be overly attached to an identity of views, of posit&s in the African institutions or on all problems pertaining to Africa. I&), Assuming that tribalism is indeed at the root of some failures in Africa, at least one should recognize that this is not the monopoly of Africans alone. In any case, are net the gravest wrongs caused by racial characteristics tame in comparison with the monumental harm inflicted on mankind by nazism in the past and by apartheid its plagiarist today? Are not apartheid and racial discrimination exotic products imported Into Africa? Need I add that Africa has valiantly resisted the contagion of those exotic separatisms and that, in so doing, it has the right to propose itself as a model of harmony and cohesion at the continental kvel and on the international scene. 161. Speaking again as PRESIDENT, I have on my list of ;pe&ers the name of the representative of Cyprus, who has 163. l was very satisfied to hear the representative of Italy, Ambassador Vinci, say that the problem 1s not intractable-that there should be goodwill and a spirit of realizing that what is important iS What Unites the people and not what divides them. That is the identical phrase I have used at previous meetings-that the people should look to the important things that unite them and not to the artificial ones that divide them. I shall quote from the record of one meeting at which I said: “One #ing is required to solve the question of QXUS: understanding and conciliation on the basis that Cyprus is and Wfi remain an integral unit, undivided and unpartitioned . , .“/1564t}7 metirtg, para. I84J I 164. That is the problem. Once there is a recognition from all sides that Cyprus is an integral unit that is and will remain as such, then the whole problem will find its way to solution. But if we want to partition it, we naturally must keep up division; we must whip it up; WC must create differences where there arc none, and where there are some, magnify them. 165. That is the usual way of leading people to division, from some or other political motivation that lies behind that move. This has been the case all through the history of the policy of division: to find some kind of little hole through which to inject the division, or, if you see that division is waning, to reinforce it by some means or other, 166. Now, the instances in Cyprus are so nunlerous that I would not have time to explain them all. But some few might serve as an indication of what is happening in CYPrUS. I said this before. The whole problem in Cyprus lies in the opposition of a policy of a united State and a consolidated people, a people who wish to cooperate and live together, and another influence, another force trying to keep them separate, trying to prevent them from conciliating, trying to make it unpatriotic for them to conciliate, trying to make them feel that they are guilty because they have spoken to a Greek, trying to make them realize that their duty to the mother country is to hate the Greeks, and to keep that hate up so that it will lead to ways aimed at the partition of Cyprus. 167. Is this true or is it not true? If we look, we will find-we have quoted them before-statements by Beads of State of Turkey, by Foreign Ministers of Turkey, saying that the soIution for Cyprus is to break it in two and have a part go to Greece and another part to Turkey. And how can one do that? One must keep up the spirit of hatred. I do not want to raise these things, but it has to be understood. 168. Now, let me see. The representative of Turkey, Ambassador Baytilken, for whom I have great regard, insinuated that there were some statements made about the feelings of the people of Cyprus for Greece-for union with Greece-and that this is a new issue preventing a solution. 169. Now, with respect to what was said about these statements, I should like to point out that traditional ethnic speeches on national celebratory occasions do not interpret official policy and cannot be set against official declarations of policy and concrete actions consistent with that policy. 170. Therefore, that policy for an independent unitary State has been officially declared on repeated occasions, and every action of the Government of Cyprus is towards obtaining that independence in a unitary State. I repeat “in a unitary State”, because first of all that was the agreed basis of the talks, and, secondly, that is what the Secretary-General asks us to do. The call of the Secretary- General-and I am so glad to hear some of the delegations here refer to that call, to which I myself have referred-says very clearly that “the problem . . . must be solved by arriving, through peaceful means, at a lasting agreement based on the independence and sovereignty of a unitary State of Cyprus”. [S/10199 and Cljrr.l, para. 83.f 171. Can we serve that unitary State and the solution for independence otherwise than by having conciliation? It might be said: “Welt, but it is difficult to have conciliation. The people may not want to conciliate.” It is completely the reverse. As the Secretary-General pointed out in a number of his reports, the people are ready to conciliate if they are allowed to do so. In his report of 9 March 1968, the SecretaryGeneral noted that the ordinary Greek and Turkish Cypriot people “desire to live in peace and harmony and seem already prepared to accept and support reasonable compromises [S/8446, para. 1531. 172. In his observations in another report, he said how gratifying it was to observe the ease with which ordinary people of both communities were beginning to resume their former amicable relations. 173. But how can the solution of the problem be reconciled with the attitude of the Turkish Cypriot side? I have already quoted in the Security Council-but 1 have to refer to it again-a document presented to the Liaison Committee, which is composed of Greek Cypriots, Turkish Cypriots and the United Nations Force; they look into problems between the communities. In this, the complaint was made that the Turkish people were not allowed to conciliate-not allowed to have any contacts with Greeksand that those in the enclaves were kept there and not allowed to go out of them unless they had permits-permits allowing them so many hours, and given to those whom they knew would be fanatic and would not conciIiate. So, as the people were eager to get together, the Turkish “Those who disobey the order with a view to having trade connexions with the Greek Cypriots shall pay E25 Ss., or shall be punished with imprisonment. A fine of 11 will be imposed on: 1. T~OSC who converse”-just converse-“or enter into any negotiations with the Greek Cypriots or accompany any stranger into our sector, 2. Those who come into contact with Greek Cypriots for any official work. 3. Those who appear before Greek Cypriot Courts. 4. Those who visit the Greek Cypriot hospitals.“-The Greek Cypriot hospitals arc the hospitals of the Republic. These people are not allowed to visit the hospitals-“A fine of 120 will be imposed on those who have any dealings with Greek Cypriots or those who buy from Greek Cypriots goods which they could get from the Turkish Cypriot sector. A fine of $25, or severe punishment and one month’s imprisonment, or whipping, shall be imposed on those who enter the Greek Cypriot sector for the following purposes: I. a promenade”-not allowed-“punishment: severe whipping; 2. friendly association with Greek Cypriots; 3.amusement; 4. conveyance of information .” 178. No, the Turkish side will not accept it. This can be seen in the reports. I need not refer to them;anybody can take any report on confrontation. As a matter of fact, I made reference to them in my main speech; I do not want to spend any additional time on them now. So on one of the main problems of confrontation the Turkish side will not give in, thus maintaining the enmity and the division. 179. Next is freedom of movement: freedom of movement is essentjal to having the necessary contacts and association. My colleague Ambassador Bayi.ilken said-and 1 agree with him-that what is needed is trust. Surely there can be no solution of the problem if there is no trust. That is why we have had disarmament negotiations for twentyfive years, and before that, for another twenty, because there was insufficient trust. Any problem, without trust, is insoluble. Therefore, what is needed is trust. 180. But trust needs a spirit of friendliness-associationto overcome suspicion. The more you separate people, the more suspicious they become: the more you put them into separate camps, the more they think that the people in the other camp are the enemy. Any study of mass psychology will bear that out, 174. It was a great satisfaction to hear everybody say that the problem is so]ved by conciliation. But wilt the members face the problem that is faced by my Government and the vast majority of the people of Cyprus when the minority community of Turkish Cypriots are so emboldened from outside as to keep an imposed apartheid based on racial lpartness to the extreme--no contacts. no relations, no >uying, no entering a Greek shop. 181, Therefore, to have trust you must have conciliation; and to have conciliation you must have association. And to have association you must have freedom of movement, and not walls of separation. You cannot have association if people are punished the moment they are seen talking to Greeks. Norcover, one cannot see the people with whom one tiants to conciliate if the military rdgirne in the enclave forces them not to conciliate by punishment. When 1 staled this before in the Council, the representative of Turkey, Mr. Eralp, did not deny it. He said: “That is correct; you are not supposed to have contacts with the enemy”. There you are. 175. A letter I sent to the Security Council the other day ‘S/10187/ cited what Mr. Kii$iik has said in tflis regard. Of :ourse, he denied it. But we have what he said word for word, exhorting the Turkish Cypriots not to have any elations with the Greeks. Now, how can this be consistent tith the idea that the Tur%sh Cypriots and those who &de them, the Turkish Government, really want an ndependent Siate? How can there be a viable independent itate if the people are kept apart. How can they co-operate without contact? That is why they prevent any move owards normalization. Anybody who would like to see the broblem of Cyprus and who looked through a number of he Secretary-General’s reports would find that the problem f deconfrontation, that is, the way of solving the problem f confrontation, is the most important problem. 182. Therefore, I had some mixed feelings when I heard all the various speakers in this Council. My heart was going out to them. Yes, we want conciliation and peace and harmony. But a? the same time I was thinking: “But how can we do that if normalization is prevented-if deconfrontation is prevented by the Turkish attitude? ” 183. Now, the representative of Turkey said something which might be true or might be False. Let us examine it. He said that normalization could come only when there was a restitution of the Constitution-when everything was agreed. Therefore, normalization must follow the solution. But that is completely upside-down; it is the same thing as was said just now-that we cannot have a cease-fire until we have signed a peace treaty. But a cease-fire serves only to help towards signing a peace treaty. The Secretary-General answered that view by saying that if we want a normalization we must have agreement on the Constitution and have everything restored. The Secretary-Genera] stressed that there has been al] along and continues to be what he considered to be a misunderstandi;lg on the part of the Turkish community in Cyprus and of the Turkish Govern- 76. The Secretariat survey team that went to Cyprus, :nt by the Secretary-General to see what could be done Vith the Force-whether it couId be withdrawn or reuced-made a long report after careful examination and Lid that the one problem, the greatest difficulty standing I the way of the withdrawal of UNFICYP is the close 3nfrontation. The confrontation is so close, those who are med are so near each other, that any kind of provocation likely to occur. 77. It is a matter of psychology. So the United Nations Drce says: “]F you do not want to eliminate the lnfrontation, if, in spite of a]] this period of calm among 185, Therefore 1 think this is a very important meeting because it stresses the need for normalisation as a step towards solving the problem and helping the talks. We have to help the talks. Everybody has said the talks are so important; everybody is agreed that this problem must be solved by the talks-that the Cyprus problem must bc solved by the Cypriots themselves. And I say here very solemnly that the Cypriots from both sides are ready to solve their problem if they are not prevented from outside. 190. Now, another part of the report that is relevant to this matter is paragraph 80, which has been quoted by a number of representatives, in which the Secretary-General says that he and his collaborators “have repeatedly urged all the parties concerned in the Cyprus problem to exercise restraint and moderation and especiaUy to avoid the threat, or the use, of drastic retaliatory measures”. Now, this part of the report refers to Security Council resolution I86 (1964) of 4 March 1964, which says 186. Now, it is not enough to speak words: words may be empty; words may be uttered in a moment of passion, in a moment of enthusiasm, in a moment when a word does not reflect what we can see the actions are. 187. What have been the actions towards strengthening the independence of Cyprus? The Government of Cyprus, as I have already said, has made very constructive proposals, particularly in the last proposals. At three stages the Cyprus Government made concessions, and more concessions, towards meeting the other side. It went so far as to divide the State merely to accept the views of the other side SO long as it did not destroy the State; and in the “package deal” it made such proposals. But the Turkish Cypriot side-not the Turkish Cypriot people, but those who deal in their name-came not only without any concession on the question of local government, but with more intransigent claims, claims that would split the State in two and that would make it unworkable. For example, to give just one idea that I mentioned before. In a State in which there is a majority and a minority, a Greek majority and a Turkish minority, where the villages are interspersed, every town and district having a proportion of both, and not a single district having a predominance of Turkish people, can one imagine the possibility of saying, ‘We are going to have local government in this island; we shall divide the island into local governments, not on the basis of geographical areas but by ethnic criteria. Wherever there is a Turk, no matter where he lives, he wiJl come under one administration, and wherever a Greek lives, even if it is at one extreme end, he will come under another local administration? ” And from there one proceeds to a second stage Where again there is a separate chamber, up to the very top separate, at no time linking with the central Government. and then it cites the whole Article concerning Members refraining in their international relations from the threat or use of force. In its first operative paragraph the resolution states the following: Now, that is a clear call to the Members of the United Nations not to threaten to use force against Cyprus for any reason, as this be a violation of the Charter. I91. On this matter I sent a letter to the Security CouncJJ [S/10185/ referring to exactly that point: the threat of intervention in respect of retaliation, the use of force. That is another problem that creates tension in Cyprus-the threat of foreign intervention, the continous threat of danger in that regard. 192. So we have first a threat of danger from outside that is constantly returning. Then we have the difficulty of getting the Turkish Cypriots to be allowed by their leadership to get together. Those are the problems we face. But I hope and trust that with goodwill-and we have shown a great .deaJ of it in the normalization measures the Government has taken-we shall reach a moment when that goodwill will meet with a response. 188. This is unprecedented in the history of all constitutional problems. Therefore, that is our problem. And therefore if that difficulty could be overcome there would 3e no question about solving the Problem; it could be rolved within the next few months. But I do not want to %ect pessimism. No, we are optimistic. We know about I&se difficulties, but life is full of difficulties. Difficulties rre there to be overcome. If one follows the line one “eJieves is the straightforward and proper one-and I believe hat in all my statements it can be seen that I have followed 193. Now there are a few matters I must mention in reply to my colleague. I said that one thing that disturbs my Government is the very feverish activity of the Turkish Cypriots mentioned in the report-their military parades 189. What I am saying here is not intended as a reflection on anyone-not on the Turkish Government nor on the Turkish Cypriots. Situations arise and people take that attitude. I am speaking thus only to see how we can overcome the problems, how we can get them solved without having the difficulty I have already mentioned. “Heving irr mi?rd the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and . . . its Article 2, paragraph 4, which reads . . .” “Calls up011 all Member States, in conformity with their obligations under the Charter of the United Nations, to refrain from any action or threat of action likely to worsen the situation in the sovereign Republic of Cyprus, or to endanger international peace”. 194. Secondiy, the Turdyk, through the alliance under w,hich the Treaty was terminated by Cyprus-but under that Treaty they have the Turdyk in Cyprus-has 50 officers, 503 men and 47 non-commissioned officers. They are rotated, and this last rotation was half. Therefore, the number of officers rotated should have been about 25. ‘There were not 25; there were 46. If 46 were rotated the total could not be 50. And according to our information there are 152 officers instead of 50; there are 98 noncommissioned officers instead of 47; and there are 1,200 men instead of 650. Now, again, that may be wrong. But those are the figures in our possession. I mention those details because it is necessary to clear up this matter and to have an idea of what the Turdyk is and what it is not. 195. Another point I must answer concerns economic assistance to the Turkish Cypriots. There is a whole book listing the assistance given. Because of the kind of rebellion they had started the Turkish Cypriots refused to pay for electricity, refused to pay for water, refused to pay for everything. But for the sake of peace and quiet they are supplied with everything without charge. Perhaps there are a few cases of their paying, but on the whole they do not. The Welfare Insurance Fund is losing at least 2331,000 annually because the Turkdo not pay. And yet E120,OOO is paid to them each year. 201, It is stated in the report that UNFICYP has to go and free men who by mistake stray into the Turkish quarter. The fact is that when a Greek Cypriot strays by mistake into a Turkish quarter he is arrested and put into custody until UNFICYP intervenes. why should they do this? The reason is simple: to prevent contact, to make it understood that the Greeks cannot get into this part of the island, and that the Turks on the other side should not go there unless it is for some very special reason. Meanwhile, in the rest of Cyprus there is the other half of the Turkish population who live together with the Greeks and there are no problems. The probIems arise with regard to those Turks who live in th; enclaves. Therefore, we see that the division and the separation by walls in the enclaves creates not security but the opposite. It does not create a State but destroys a State. We hope that this attitude will change. When this attitude changes-and there is every reason for it to change, because the people’s feelings are friendly-then we will have solved the problem, 196. Another point concerns the repairing of Turkish houses: we have done everything to repair them, but, as I said before, they are not allowed to return in all cases. TWO hundred and eighty seven houses have been built and repaired. Almost $48,000 has been spent on those houses and we are going on. So let us hope that-not in the years to come, but that by the next meeting of the Security Council on this question-we may have some better reports to give with regard to the situation in Cyprus. And those better reports can only come in the way that it was mentioned in this Council, through the solution of the Problem by the peopIe of Cyprus themseIves looking to V&at unites them and by putting aside what divides them.

The representative of Turkey has asked to be allowed to speak. I am very happy to calI upon him, 197. I think there is one other thing I ought to mention: the representative of Turkey said that three Turkish Cypriots residing in the enclaves were assaulted by the Police in Famagusta. I have the statement issued on this hatter. 203, Mr. BAYaKEN (Turkey) (interpretafion from French): At this late hour I have no intention of delaying the members of the Council concerning points which have just been explained by Ambassador Rossides and which, I think, in no way reflect reality. I feel sure that my statement of this morning has shed light on all the matters which he touched on once again. 198. At about 12.45 on Sunday, 23 May, a police patrol carrying out normal trafic duties at the village of Lef- 199. AS I said in my statement before, the report of the Secretary-General mentions that there has been transportation of arms from one side to the other by the Turkish Cypriot armed elements from the time that freedom of movement was given to them. Therefore, it was not wrong for the police, when they signalled to the car and it did not stop, to suspect that the occupants were armed and therefore they were searched. But there was no assault, nothing happened to them at all; it was a natural stop and search in the car. 200. But why do these Turkish Cypriots object to being stopped and searched; this was done regularly before the complete freedom of movement. If it had been Greeks who entered the enclave from which they came, they would not be stopped by the police for a traffic light; they would be stopped, immediately arrested, and put in custody merely because they were Greeks and were in the Turkish quarter. 205, A pat deal is said, but I would say that, as has been proved in several documents which I hnd the honour to qJraw to the attention of the mcmbcrs of the Co~nojl, jt jg aJ~ay$ enc~sis whjch is at the hear! of the problem. One can find ,olutbnr to other problcmx. So as not to delay the rncrnbcrr of the Council, J should llke to lrlrk Mr. Rossides one question which might perhaps filcilitatc matters in a really rtriking manner. I should like to rcfcr to the letter of ihe Vicc?rcsidcnt of the Republic of Cyprus, Mr. KU$Llk, in document S/10200. And there, after having explained t)~c main pojnts and essential conflicts of the question, he a&x Ambassador Roaides whether he is ready to make a ~~~mcnt here in the Council, rcnounclng mosis as a policy tlf tftc Creek Cypriot community and to work towards a ~r~mpromisc solution which would safeguard the legitimate infcrcst’, and rights of both partics. 206. I am curious to see whcthcr there will be a reply frfirrt Arr~huswdor I<ossides. Tbc nbjccfivcs arc always prcirdy rcrcrfcd lr, when it canstitutcb ii negation of the icpvl rigftts of tfx Turkish community and when in fact thcrc is notfling but silcncc arld rather arc pretexts sought. 207, As I have said, J shall not try to reply point by point. I simply wish to clarify some points which perhaps I did nr~t touch 011 ifl my statement this morning, 20X. First., f sliould like to say that J never stated jn the Council that there is no need for u~c~ntact befWeen the tircok and Turkish Cypriots, I am oleepfy sorry that nmbassador Rossidcs could think that I would ever make luch a rtatemcnt. 2CEJ. AI times, there arc situations In which the excuse is worse than the explanation, Indeed, ~cb & fhe case! when vlr. Kossidcs tries to give explanations on the Turkish Cypriots who were arrested in Famagusti, ! JO. Jn my statement this morning I referred ,to the reatment of three members of the Turkish comm@Q and said that they were visiting a mixed village, Greek and bkjsh--this means that there are cuntati-and that on flair return from this mixed vi&e they were not treated in civilized manner by the Greek police, Im;rgine, these three wrnbers of the community, who play an active part in the ‘olitics of that community; accomp;my the Vice-President 1f the Republic of Cyprus, or. Kti@k, during his *it and ‘m returning they are arrested and are taken to Ihe Police tation for not having Seen a traffic light, I am sire tha* LlcY $brJWcd their identity cards, but, this was not enough. 211 + 1 believe I explained quite clearly this morning that the Turkish enclaves are far more limited In ti than the “m~~~v~” military regions, regions controlled by the Greek Cyprk. I also mentioned the statement of the VicePresident of the Republic of Cyprus that unarmed Greeks who have a legitimate reason to do KJ cp11 enter the Turkish enclaves. 2 12. Rotation is mentioned so are munitioas, the artinery, the officers, etc. But J shall not waste your time. rhere was a great effort on the part of Ambassador Rossides to prepare a new report for the Security Council. Yet I believe he has no special mandate to present us such a report now, We already have a comprehensive and detailed report. So I shall not dwell on this; but I can say that I reject all the allegations he has made which, I feel sure, are not based on facts. In any case, I believe that Ambassador Rossidcs will have ample opportunity to ascertain the real facts in the next report of the Secretary.General. 213. AIthough at the United Nations it happens that a speaker announces he will be brief and then makes a long speech. I hope that I shall adhere to my custom and be brief. 214. The debate which has been taking place since this morning in the Security Council very cleady demonstrates tnat an atmosphere of insecurity and tension exists in Cyprus at present. This is a serious matter, as the report of the Secretary-General has emphasized. Members of the Council, in the statements they made this morning, set forth the reasons for this situation. As for myself, having stated the views of my Government on the subject in my main statement this morning, I shall refrain from going back to this once again. What I should like to say, however, jg that jt is with mixed feelings of regret, at the situation existing at present in Cyprus, and of hope, that in the next months things may improve there, that I have participated in the debate today. In spite of aIf, it was a relief; a PleaSUre for me to perceive at this meeting of the Council a message of encouragement for the representatives of the two communities in Cyprus, the Turkish and Greek communitjea, in their arduous task, namely, to work with all good will and in a spitit of mutual accommodation so as to arrive at a substantive agreement for a constitutional r&me which would insure for them a harmonious and prosperous fife as well as relations based on mutual respect for their legitimate rights and interests, while safeguarding the security they need. 215, The express and sincere abandonment of the policy of enasis is doubtiess at the source of any progress to be made in the intercommunal talkr. I would venture to say that a message of this kind emerged today from the discussions in the Security Council. I should like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the representatives seated around this table who, in their statements, contributed to such an atmosphere. 2 17. I want to express my thanks and gratitude. J shall not fail to communicate to my Government the expressions of sympathy of my col]cagues, imbued with friendship and understanding. J am sure ,that these expressions of sympa. thy will be deeply apprecrated by my Government and by the Turkish nation. 2 18. The PRESIDENT (inferprefnfion from Frenc\lf; 1 call on the rePrcsentalive of Cyprus for the second time.

1 know it is very Iate and J should not keep the members here, but J wish to say a few words with regard to the question put to me by the rel)rescntative of Turkey, namely, whether, as it is Put in the letter. we are willing to renounce emsis and work for the independence of Cyprus on the basis of a compromise solution which should include both political and economic elements and protect the vested rights and the legitimate interests of both communities. Well, we know what are the legitimate interests of both communities. Al] that is linked together. We have to agree with all those things. The legitimate interests of both communities, as they put them, is to have a divided State-as I said. They say that the legitimate interests of the Turkish community in Cyprus is to divide the State. We do not accept that division of Cyprus, and therefore we cannot accept any of those suggestions. Nor is this the place to make renunciations. However, it is the place to heed what the Secretary-Genera] said in his report. He pointed the way to the solution of the problem in paragraph 83, and J accepted that indication very clearly and very emphatically in my statement. J said that we are for that solution, and take the statement of the Secretary-Genera] to be a reaffirmation that that so]ution?s the proper solution of the problem. We said that we are going to follow thabline, as we have been following it, which can be seen, 220. But J have not heard one word from the representative of Turkey about that paragraph. Most of the members of the Security Council did speak about that paragraph, which is the important paragraph. It is not what happens, but what the Secretary-General in his wisdom suggests in the report. And therefore the side that does not want independence and wants enosis is the side that accepts it and the other side that is working for independence is the one that does not accept it. Why? Because it makes it clear that it must not be a partitionist kind of independence, which will divide the State and partition it under the guise of that State. Therefore, would the representative Of Turkey agree not to talk of renunciation but to accept what the Secretary-General proposes here-or does he reject it? That is my question to him. And that, J think, should require nothing more to be said about this issue. 221. The PRESIDENT @terpretofion from %‘rzch): J IIOW call on the representative of Turkey.

I shall speak for only one minute. It was clear in my mind that Ambassador Rossides Plerrory Meerings, 1882nd meeting, para. 268. 223. Ambassador Rossides now turns to the report of the Secretary-General. J think that to take phrases of an important document out of context and try to obtain some advantage from doing so is the worst possible way to succeed in conciliation. One should never allow the Perversion of words. I know very well that in his report the Secretary-Genera] stales things in order to help the two Paflies. Jn fact, in his report of 2 December 1970 the Secretary-Genera] of the United Nations said-and let me add et! passant that Mr. Rossides seemed to pin so much of his hopes to this phraseology and tried hard to have something on these lines in the document which the Council adopted today-as follows: “The two sides have also indicated that a settlement can be worked out on the basis of an independent, sovereign and unitary State of Cyprus in which the two communities participate.” /S/ 10005. para. J20.J 224. So, in the context of all the events and documents, any suggestion of the Secretary-General is made only to help the parties, and .that is in consonance, as many members of the Council have made clear, with Security Council resolution 186 (1964) of 4 March 1964. 225. If Ambassador Rossides would kindly refer to that resolution, he would understand that the Secretary- General’s suggestion is not a suggestion to make him happy. instead, it is a suggestion which is intended to be helpful to the parties, and one should not look at one word or at another word, but should took at the problem. As one of the members of the Security Council said today, no amount of resolutions can settle the question. The parties should try to have the feeling of nationhood and try to have Ihe consciousness of belonging to Cyprus. I do not see any answer to that, 1 knew that the answer would not be forthcoming. 226. I repeat what I said at the morning meeting, with this difference: the Turkish community wants to be helpful in the solution of the problem; seemingly Ambassador Rossides wants very much to find a solution here right now. We tlifi that the representatives of the communities are trying to do that. 227. As I said in the General Assembly: “The Turkish community is one of the partners in the State of Cyprus and in its independence and sovereignty. Cyprus is the homeland of the Turkish and Greek Cypriots, and not an extension of any one country. Cyprus is a unity where the two communities can continue to live with each other within their traditional and constitutional personalities; Cyprus is disunited when one of the two communities brushes aside the integral personality and sxxrity of the other. It is O& in that manner that the democratic principles as Well as the precepts of bur Charter can prevail .“I

Our statements are becoming shorter and shorter until they will get down to one word. The one word here wflI be that I knew the representative of Turkey was not in a position to accept the distinct suggestion made by the Secretary-General. I do not know what other things have appeared in his other reports, but they did not contain a cali. This is a call which is made and it is the call we are concerned with. We are not concerned with other parts. Ambassador Bayiilken insists t/tat I answer the call of Mr. Kuciik. That is not my

In turn, the representative of Turkey seems to feel the same need to speak, and I call on him.

I can say that I do agree to the suggestion of the Secretary-General in the context of all his reports and all the documents and in the context of the resolution of 4 March 1964. The meeting rose at 7.30 p.m. HOW TO OBTAIN UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS United Nolionr publications may be obtained from bookstores ond distributors throughout the world. Consult your bookstore or write to: United Notions, Scaler Section, New York or Geneva. COMMENT SE PROCURER LES PUBLICATIONS DES NATIONS UNIES Les publicotionr der Notions Unier sent en vcnte dons ICI libroiries et Ia ogcnccs d&posit&es du monde entier. Informer-vovr ouprbs de votre librairic ou odrerser+ous b: Nations Unicr, Section der venfes, New York ou Genbve. COMO CONSEGUIR PUBLICACIONES DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS Los publicocioner de lar Nociones Unidor ertdn en vento en librerios y cons dirtribuidoror en todar perter dcl mundo. ConsuIte o IV librero o dirljose (I: Nacioncs Unidos, Seccibn de Ventos, Nvevo York o Ginebra. Lifho in United Nations, New York Price: $U.S, 1.00 (or equivalent in other currencies)