S/PV.1691 Security Council

In accordance with our previous decision 11687th meeting], I propose, if these is no objection, to invite the representative of Zambia to take a place at the Council table. At the invitation of the President, Mr. PO J. F. Lusaka (Zambia) took a place at the Council treble.

Also in accordance with our previous decisions /1687th, 1689th and 1690th meetings]. I propose now, with the consent of the Council, to invite the representatives of Ghana, Morocco. the United Republic of Tanzania, Zaire, Chile, A!geria, Senegal, Egypt, Somalia. Cuba, Cameroon and Guyana to take the places reserved for them in the Council chamber in order to participate in the discussion under the terms of Article 31 of the Charter without the right to vote. They will be invited to take a place at the Council table when it is their turn to speak. At the invitation of the President, Mr. A. Rahal (Algeria), Mr. P. B. Engo (Gzmeroon). Mr. H. Diaz Casanueva (Chile). Mr. R. Alar&n (Cuba), Mr. A. Teymour (Egypt), Mr. J. Cleland (Ghana), Mr. I Jackson (Guyana), Mr. M. Zentar (Morocco), Mr. M. r’all (Senegal), Mr. J. Nur Elmi (Somalia), Mr. S: Salim (United Republic of Tanzania) and Mr. Ipoto Eyebu Bakandhsi (Zaire) took the places resewed for them in the Council chamber. 3. The PRE’SIDENT: 1 wish to draw the attention of the members of the Council to a new document, which will be distributed in a few minutes, under the symbol S/10877; it is a letter dated 29 January 1973 from the representative of Zambia to the Secretary-General. 4. Members will also recall that in the course of the 1690th meeting of The Council, held on 1 February 1973, the representative of the Sudan introduced two draft resolutions /S/1087.5 and S/10876] sponsored by Guinea, Kenya, the Sudan and Yugoslavia. Does any member of the Council wish to make any comments on the two draft reso!utions? If no one wishes to speak - +all assume that the Council is ready to vote on these . cc 7lutions.

Members -d recall that yesterday afternoon, when I presented the two draft resolutions, I said that the sponsors were ready to conduct any negotiations which might help to achieve unanimous support for those two draft resolutions. If, in your opinion, Mr. President, a short time might be wanted for further negotiations, the sponsors are ready to go along with that.

I am really in some difficulty, because I have not heard different views expressed which would warrant my adjourning the Council to enable representatives to consult.

Mr. President, judging from the silence that has greeted your request for some indication of what the Council is prepared to do, I should suggest that we might consider adjourning clntil with tl;c ~~l0difhths thut I IIUVO Just rod out, t0 the 0110 in docuniciit S/ 10875, rcccivc- -tllo-.~ npprovnl of ull dologutll~lls, stllllu!atc S0IIIO dlscussll~ll. 9. Mr,lAIN (Indlu): A littlc wl~llo ugo the rcproscntutlvo uf tlic Suduii iiiado u propxsul wlilcli, us fur us lily dolcg,atliu~ Iius bcoii ublc 1:) uudorstnnd, Is D proposal for a sliort suspc11sl011 to fucilitatc tlic coiitiiiuuacc of Infmiul coiisiiltntioiis iii Ilic sourcli for uiiuiilinlty OII the two draft rcsolutloiis, My dclcgutlou would llkc to support tlult I~rol~osel. 19, TIIC I’IWIDI~NT: As thcrc IIIO IIO couuucuts from uimbors c!f tllc (‘ouucil, I tuko it tbut tbc 01u11cll is IIOW :cndy to I’trtc iiii tlicso two druft rcsolutioiis. Wo sliall vote 011 tllclll ill tllc order Ii1 wliicli tlioy wcrc lssucd. 20, I Sllull put to tllc vote first tlic druft rosolutlou iii documcllt S/IU875, wl~iob, it will bo rccallcd, bus boou IIIO~I~ICLI III two I~luccs/S/JU87S/l~c1~.I/. IO. TIIC IWSIIXNT: hlny I ~IIUW h&i tbc rcpmcututlvc of tlic Suduii wlictlicr Ills prtrposul Is u foriiiul out? I I. Mr. AWULLA (Sudun): SIIICC thcrc lens ~COII u rcspoiisc to riiy suggestion, I sl~ould IIOW like tu tiiakc tlic fminl prolwsul that wc susImid for 10 or I5 iiiiiiutos uiid tlicti rcturii to coiisldor tlic two draft rcsolutlous. Irr jb~rrr: Australia. Austria, CIIII~U, hulco, CU~IIOU, Iadlu. III~OIICS~U, KCIIYP. I’LIIIUIIIU. I’cru, Sudun, Union of Sovlot Socldlst I<cpublics, Yugoslnviu. 12. Sir Luuroucc hlclNTYlW (Austrulio): I sl~ould llkc to support tlic uiotloii of tlic rcprcsciitutivc of tlio Sudnii, If oilly for tbo rousoii tliat, PS I uiidcrstuiid It. tlicrc is uiiotlici Aguirrst: NOIIC, docuiiiciit about to bc clrculutcd wlilcli WC linvc iiot yet SOOIl. Possibly It leas soillc rclcvaucc tu what WC urc dlscusslllg. Abstuirriry: United Klagd0111 of Crcat Urituh und Northcm Ircluud, Uuitcd States of America, 13, The PRESIDENT: We IIUVC P forml proposal for II suspcnsioii of ubout 20 mltiutcs. ?I. Tllc I’lWdXNT: TIIC Gmicil will vote ucxt OII tl:o

I slmld like to ussoclutc myself wltb tllc rcprcscrtatlvcs of Austrnlle WI tbc Suduu druft rcsolutloii Iii ducumciit S/10876. and say that my delcgetioii too would favour II suslmsioii of the meeting. As cotlccrus the tlndlmlt. I would say that we should suspciid not for P defliiitc tliiio but for 0s long us c0llsultatlolls colltlllue, since we CilllllOt say hut tllcy will bc co~~cludcd In 20 minutes.

I wlsli to draw tbo attoritiou of tbc ulcmbcrs of tbo COUIICII to the fact that the ellipsis iii opcretlvc puragrapb 3 sl~ould bo rcplaccd by tllc words: “rcsolutluii 326 (I 973)“. 23. The IWSIDLlNT: TIIC Council will now vote 011 tbc 15, TIIC PRESIDENT: I take It thut tlic C’OUIICII will ugreo to 0 suspcllsloil to CllUblO dclcgatlolls to cl~llsult 011 tllo two draft rosolutlorls. As tbcro is IIO objcctlou, WC SIIUII SUS~OII~ for coiisultations. druft rcsulutiuii iii documout S/10876, with tlic additlou just rcud out by the ’ rcproscutntlvc d tbc SGXI ~S/10876/1~ev.1~. A WC was taketi Ly show uflratrdss. 61 Jkvour: Austru!iu. Austria, WIU, Frurlcc, Gulnoe, Iiidlu, Iiidoiicslu, Kctiyn? IJiu~ilui~, !+m, Sudan, Uultod Eiugdm of Great Urltnlrl UIIII Northoru Ireluud, Uultod States r_rf America, Yugoslavia. 16, Mr. AUDULLA (Sudan): Mr. Prcsidcrt, wl~llc tllc iiiectlug wus surpc~~dod, you aiid tliu spousors ciirrled ou! u 11111)1tler 11f r:ousult~t!ous ai;luilg iiioulbcrs tbnt e:abId US to COIIIC to SOIIW kld of agrccmcnt WI the two drnft Aguirrst: None, rusolutioiis. Ahluhrhg: Uriiui~ of Soviet Suciullsl l~cpublicu. 17. 011 behalf of tllo spousors, I wish to point out ccrt;1iu ~iiodlficiitioi~s !0 tlic draft rcsoli:Ilon ill ducuniciit S/lc)875. I%st, the ciid of opmtivc p!iragriipli 3 sliould read: “sucll uctloiis by tlic illegal :uid ruclsl rdfiiuic of Soullicril I~l~odcsla d tlu~t :]I’ SOUIII Africa”. Secondly, it II~IS becll agrceil tli:it p:iqr;IplI 7 slroillil rc:iil as lidlows: 24. Tbc I’KlWDliN’l’: I sl~all IIOW call IIIWI rcprcscutativcs WISII~II~ to speak ill uxpl~uu~tion of their votes. ,.. . ._.-.._ “f~r~pvts tlult musurcs so far takeu llnvc fulled to bring IIIC rcbcllkm ill Soutbcr’n Hhodesi:~ (%inlb:lbwe) IO ~III Clld”. 26. The occasion for the present debate was the closure by the Rhodesian rigime of its border with Zambia. The Rhodesian authorities have said that they closed the border because of attacks, in some cases against civilians, which they claim have been launched from Zambian territory. The representative of Zambia has informed the Council of violent incidents that have occurred on the Zambian side of the border. We recognize in particular the long-term hazard that the laying of mines represents. 27. As I said in my opening remarks, my Government has always condemned the use of violence in pursuit of political ends. We pelieve, however, that the present situation must be viewed in the perspective of all the .events since the illegal declaration of independence in Rhodesia. I have already told the Council of the comment by Sir Alec Douglas-Home that “When a Government pursuing racialist policies inside a country finds freedom fighters coming from outside, I am afraid that that is a situation which I have warned time and again would be bound to lead to conflict” [Zbid., para. 1171. In our view, the real solution to all these problems lies in the achievement of a just and acceptable political settlement within Rhodesia. 28. In these circumstances, the purpose of all concerned ought to be to relieve the present tension on the border and to get back to a normal situation. The reason is simple and, 1 believe, accepted by everyone. The closure of the border has both economic and political effects. For the moment, leaving on one side the economic effects, it is undeniable that the continued border closure is dangerous because it carries a constant threat of increased tension and violence. Such tension, dangerous in itself, also endangers the prospects for a peaceful political settlement within Rhodesia. 29. The draft resolution in document S/l0876/Rev.l, which we have just adopted, is concerned with economic developments that have taken place since the closure of the border, As I said on the first day of this debate, it is for the Zambian Government to decide its policy with regard to the resumption of the movements interrupted by the closure of the Rhodesian border, should it be reopened. We recognize that in this question, vital for its economy, 30. This is not the moment t3 go into details, but 1 can say that the United Kingdom has a substantial programme of economic aid for Zambia’s developments. Some other Members of the United Nations have also been generous in this regard, and we hope that more will be ready to follow this example. We therefore voted in favour of the draft resolution in document S/l 0876/Rev. 1. 31. The draft resolution in document S/l0875/Rev.l, on the other hand, seems to my delegation’unlikely to achieve any positive results. We are glad that its sponsors have been ready to remove the unjust and unjustified implications of the former operative paragraph 7. The fact that the replacement paragraph has now been moved up to follow immediately after paragraph 3 does not, in the view of my delegation, carry any implication that the United Kingdom is being singled out in what is now paragraph 4. My delegation was not informed of this change of order during this afternoon’s consultations. If there had been any suggestion that paragraph 4 had particular application to my Government, I should have been obliged to oppose it. But we still feel that the resolution completely misses the mark as far as responding to the need of the present situation goes, or of assisting the prospects for a peaceful political settlement in Rhodesia. Such resolutions, on the contrary, tend to harden positions and perpetuate confrontation and an already dangerous situation, rather than allow freer play to the more positive elements to which I referred in my opening statement. For this reason my delegation was unable to vote in favour of the draft iesoluGon in. document S/l0875/Rev.I. . .

i should like to make a brief explanation of vote on the two resolutions just adopted by the Council. 33. I can associate myself to a yery large exten‘t with what has just been said by the repre’sentative of the United Kingdom with reference to the draft resolution in document S/10875/Rev. I. Without reviewing the numerous points which we had discussed privately with the sponsors, 1 simply want to repeat that thd resolution, regrettably, is not likely to achieve the desired results. It raises, the question which my delegation has raised on numerous . ,, occasions in matters of this kind. namely, whether r&olutions which, in all candour, seem unlikely to affect favourably the desired outcome-and,. indeed, which can have the effect, as has been pointed out, of hardening . ’ relations and of increasing confrontations-are desirable. We. abstained in the vote on that draft resolution for t’hose reasons. 34, With respect to the second draft resolution [.%‘J0Qlri/. Reu.Z/, we voted in favour of it bccaw VC dq:‘nly SS, =I must say, tliougli,~tlint WC deeply rcgrot that ccrtulii proposals worn mndo wlth rcspcct to purugruph 3 of tbnt rosolutloa wcro lguorod by the -sponsors. WC felt that ccrtth Important mttars of prluclplc wcrc Involved, For one tlilng, It was our Iiitorprctntlon, at least, tllnt tllo purposes of thut rosolutlon wcro to work to PCIIIOVC cortnln prnctlcnl cuds -thut Is to my, to asccrtaln ob.jcctlvcly the needs of Znmbla WIIICII hod srlscu uut of the couscqucucos of the nctlous thut hod occurred III the +u. WC wore not happy ubout Iil~pllcntlons of polltlcnl oycrtoncs, If you will, WIIICII WC rend lute the proposul to scud an osscntlnlly polltlcul IIIISSIOII to ovcrscc 1110 work of n group of Unltcd NutIons cxpcrts, WC also rcgrcttcd that whnt WC would consldcr the upproprluto role of the SccrctnryGcuorul wns 1101 undcrscorcd with rcspcct to tht purugruph. It would llnvc been upproprlatc. it SCCIIIS to us, to rcquust 1110 Sccrctury~Gcnoral to scud the tcaul of oxports rcfc:rcd lo to the SCOIIC to nlnkc thclr own objcctlvo cveluutlou of the ucrds rind to report buck to tllo Security Council the mulls of their ob]cctivc studlcs. WC feel sure thut SUCII nu ob]cctlvc ~io~~~p~~lltlcul u~~ulysls of the needs \iould IIUVO done II grcnt donl to cncourngc Govcrmcnts rind provide tllonl wlth n SCI~SO of objoctivc uudcrstnndlng of the needs, WIIICII would, III the fluul analysis, bo vory much In the iuteccst of l.mbla. 41, Wo fully ngrco wlth the I’rcsldoot of Zumblu’s uppraisnl of WIIO Is ~ctuully rospouslblo for this stuto of nffnlrs; WC ogrco thut the Sccurlty COUIICII should take urgout uud cffcctlvc Incusurcs to oll~~~l~lntc tlrls lutolcrablc slluatlua, 42. It is iinturnl Uint Iii tllcsc clrcuuistaacos Ill0 Security Cuuacil cnn rind should react in o111y OIIO wny, First, it should plnco tllo rcsponslblllty for this sltuutiu~~ ou tl~oso Stutcs WIIICII bour the direct rcsponslbllity for the rnclst rdglulo condng to powcr III Soutlml Rhodosln, nnd for supportlug that rdglm; secondly, it should dcmnud 1110 Inumdlnto wlthdruwal of South African troops from Southoru Rlwdcsla; thirdly, It should dccldo 011 the Iuuncdioto oxpnuslo~~ of the mudatory sa~~ctlous of tl~c Council ngnlnst South1 Rhodcsln; nnd fourthly, It should cxtcnd the suuctlons to South Afrlcn rued Portugal, wl~lcll, us Is wall known nnd us hns boou rcpentedly stressed horc In the dcbutos, nro tnklug ml active part III vlohtlug tllc resolutions of the Couucil wl~icll provldo for mnndatory snuctions ngnhst Southoru Rhodosiu. Flnnlly, !t would also be quite loglcol for the Sccurlty Council to tpkc a dcclsiou to tllc offcct thnt cotnpcusatlun for the damgo cnuscd to Zmbin should bo pnld by tlmso States wllicl~ boar the real rcsponslblllty for the sltuntlon, thut Is, by UIO Stntos WIIICII uro rcsponslblo for the racist rdglm conliug to powcr In Southern Rhodoslo rind wl~icll coutinuc to ~nnlntnln close contucts nud OCOIIOI~~C, trade uud other rclntious with hut rdginio I 36. I mroly wlshcd to umko those goluts for the record In oxplniiatlon of our vote. 37, Mr, SAPRONCIIUK (UIIIOII of Sovlct Socialist Roe publics) ltranslah,l jhoe~ Rtrssia~t): Mr. Prosldont, I should Ilko to nvnll myself of this oppsrtunlty to congratulotc YOU on your ussumptlou of the presldcncy of the Security COUIICU, to WISII you every SUCCESS III that post rind to assure you that the Sovlot dclogetlou will hays be rcsdy to cosporatc with you III solving the problems coufroutlug you. 43. As the Soirlct dologatlou IIUS nhoady strcssod, uny other nppronch could bc lntorprctod us IIIOUII~II~ thnt the Socurlty Couacll wns rocoucilod to tlro prosont sltuatlon-to tllc cxlstcncc of the mclst Lnlth rdglm nud Its nets of provocetlon ughst Independent Afrlcnu Stetas. It could also be lntcrprctcd as ~ncanlng thnt tlac Council hnd in fact conceruod Itself only with thr conscquoucos and not the cuuscs of this nlnrnllng uud dungorous stuta of uffi\lhs. 38, Wo should nlso llkc to oxpross our shccrc grntltudc and tlmks to 1Mr. AIIW~I Snul, reprosontntlve of Indoucslo, for his extrmely cffectlvo efforts last month III guldlug the work of the Couucii. 39. The Soviet Union has hcudy hod the opportuolty, during the nleetlngs of the Security Couucll, to expross Its positlou on the substnncc of the mttcr, IIDIIIO~Y, the cotllphlut by IIIC Guvcrurucilt of Zaulbla c~Jllccrlllllg IIIC acts uf ag;rcsslou by Southern Rl~odcslu apalnsl Zambia. At the smc the. WC slwuld llkc uucc .aguln to oxplain our posltlou OII the druft rosolutlor~s udoptcd todny. WC should Ilk0 to eul~~l~ilSj~~ tIltit ~IIC tetlsc situation III WIIICII ihlibla now finds itself, brought ulrcrut by Soutlum RllodcSl:~‘S rich of uggrosslou supported by Sout.11 hflica, is due prhrlly to tllc uctlwis of racist rdglnics. 44, so should also like to polut out thut for the Security Courlcil to cngngc I!! sllcll uciiVith us ussesslug tiie CC~I~UII~~C liecds of or the dunlegcs suffurcd by ~peciflc couutriw UV~II if SUCII dum~p,c Is caused by their i~uplc~ mntu!ion uf il*e (‘out~cll’s declsluus rolotlug to sanctions--- would be contrury to the obllgltiuus of the Cou~lcll uudcl ttlO CllUrtUr ill this tyl’0 (If SitllUtlUll, WhOrC it lS CSSOllt!ill tll rebuff UII~ pu11lsl1 the llggressurs as well as tlmsc who ubct tllclll I 40. hi his i~~cssagc, dlstributcd today us ducunwt S/10877, Mr. Kuurrda. the I’rcsldcllt of Zau~lh~, quite righ:ly Strcsscs that tllc IIIXIII problctn IIOW coufruutlug his cuuutry is that “tllc people cuf Zmnbia caunot coutitluc III 45. Under SIICII circurnstuuces, the Suvict dclogutluu sup.. porlcil druft rCSOhithJ!l S/IOH75/Kev.l, ;lltllollgll, as WC 46,~ Wo luust ulso oxpross our rogrot thnt draft rcsolutltru S/l0876/Rov.l coutnlus uo provlslo~is for placl~lp polltlcnl or othor rcspouslblllty, I~~cludlag co~~~po~~s~~~lou for dalungc, 1111 1110s~ States wlrloh nro dlroctly rospouslblc for thq racist rdghc comlug to power 111 Soutlioru Rhodosin nud wlllcll contlnuc to this day to uudutuln close cco~ioiiilc, trndo nud other coutacts wltll tllut rncist rdghc, thus IlOll~lllg It to survlvo, I;urthormoro, thut drnft uufortuoutcly does uot coutulu the other key provislous WIIICII wc IIUVO just moutloucd, For nil those rcnsous, the Sovlct dclcgatloll wns uunblo to support tllut druft rcsolutlou uud ubstulucd III the VOIC 011 II I 47, Mr. ANWAR SAN1 (III~OIIOS~U): Mr. Prosidout, allow 1110, boforc cxpluhiuy my dclogutlou’s vote. to ulakc SOIUC brlof rcmrks 111 rcslmsc to the fluttcriug words with which you aud other rcprcscntntlvcs 011 the Council rofcrrcd to 111~ prcsldcucy of the COUIICII during the luoiltll of Jnrunry. If my tcuuro of offlcc was cousldcrod succc~~ful, that SUCCESS was mndo posslblc ouly bccausc of the uudcrstoudlug nud co-opcrutlou cxtcudcd to ulc by tlic rclmooutntlvcs OII tlic Couucll aud by the most offIcle~il mniuier In wl~lcll the ulculbcrs of the Sccrotariat nsslsted me ut nll thcs ir the dlschargc of my dutlos. for that my dclegatlor! nud I arc most grateful, 48, I should llkc to take this opportuulty nlso to joiu provlous spenkcrs ir coagrntulntlrg you 011 assmi~~g tllc prcsidcucy of the Cou~~cll. I au1 cortnlu that. undct YOUI wlso nud exporloncod guiduucc, the COUIICII will bc ablo to uicct In a positlvc uud effoctlve muuucr the problem brought to Its nttcrtlou. Wlth you In the Clinlr, wc call IJc suro that the affairs of the Council arc in compotcrt Ilards. Your handling of the mutter uudcr cousidcratiorl Is more thuu sufficlout proof of your corlpctcrcc. My dclcgatiou plcdgcs you Its full co-oporutiou, 49. I turn iiow to tlic mutter bcforc the Couricll. It may bc rcu~omberod tlint in the dobntc two days ago /J689tlr rmerir~g~ I stated my dclcgatlon’s belief thnt the Socurlty COUIICII should uct pmuptly to prcvout the sltuntiou 011 the Ztuubin~l border from dctorloratlng, uud thnt such lmvoutivo actlou should bc uudertakcu with the full co-oporntlon of the Uultod Kingdom Govorumcat. Tllo Govoruumt of the Ullltcd Kingdom, as the admluistcriug Power, legally has the rcsporlslbillty to take the uecossary act@ qulrcd to guuruntec the iudlgcuous pcoplc of %inlbnbwe the full enjoymut elf their fuudomoutal freedom. As loug IIS thosc rights urc douicd to thu, IIIC situution iu southcrrl Africa will contluuc to rcuudu cx~~losivc. Thut is clearly dculuustrntcd by the fuct that Zu~ubia has IJCIXIIIC the turgct of ~ullltary uud econouilc prrssurc by the Illegal mist rdglmc III Sulisbury, It was III that light thut I statod two days ugo ill \IIC COUIICII that tllc proposals put folwilrd by the reprcsciitntlvc of %uiilbi:i fully uiciltcd tlic serious coilsidcratioll of this (‘OIIIICII aud thut tlloy sl~ould IJC used as u basis for dccislou!: at~d fbr coucrctc II~XS~~CS to hc taken IJY tllc Collllcil. 51 , Mr, LUCOMI’T (Ihuico) ~irilc~/~r’clofior~ ji’on~ /?crd~): The I%cach dclcgntlou votod In fnvour of draft rosolutlou S/l087S/Rov.l bccauso of the lalpruvcntonls tliut wcrc mdc 111 the orlglual toxt. Wo bllould not huvo dono so If thosc lmprovcrucuts had uot bccu uoyotlntcd wlth the sponsors of the draft rcsolutlon. Those clumgcs uud improvcs~cuts, WC folt, dcolt with uu Iulportnut polut aud cstubllshcd n bcttcr baln~lcc In the rcnl rcsponslbllltlcs for u situatlou which WC all dcploro. lh uow over-nil wordlug does uot uccusc the Loudoll Govcrmout, wldcl~ IIUS, In fuct, cudc::vourcd to prcvcut the situatlou 011 the spot from dctoriorutirg uud hns cndcavourcd to nld Znmblu. WC thcroforc feel that tlio ucw toxt plnccs bettor stress 011 the ucts uud rcspousibilitlcs of the rdghuc t~f South1 Rlmdosln itself, llaviug uotcd those iuqmvmcuts with satisfaction 011 bchulf of the houch dc!cgutiou, I wobld add thnt our affirrnntlvo vote dots uot II~I~ that WC approve uf nil tllo provisions of the draft rcsolutiou to au cqual oxtcut. As fnr us WC arc couccrucd, WC do llot think that it is for us to dlctutc to the ndm!uistcrlng Powor its couduct ia the rcgioll coucerued. WC hnvc always felt that the udministcrlng Power should assu~ue the rcspousibili~lcs iucumbout up1111 it, CVCII if thnt tnsk is dlfflcult. 52. With rcgnrd to druft resolution S/lO87O/Rcv.l, ~OI wlllcll the Ih~cll dclcgutiou nlso voted, wc ccrtniuly should have prcforrcd tlic Couucll to scud, uot a mIssIon--wlllcl~, to us, scculs rnthor lnrgc-assistod by exports. but a team of cxpcrts oloiie or 0 somewllat siunllcr iiiisslou, siiicc the authority of the I~ISSIOII und of the experts should bo us grcnt as possible arid focus 011 the cffectlvcucss of tllo efforts mnde by the Security Couucil to mist Znmbla, Its Govcrmcut uud its ecouomy. However, WC prcfcrrod uot to ubstnlu 011 the second draft rosolutlou, busicnlly becnusc I tllhk wc all wunt to help Zambia to get out of Its p-cant serious dlfflculties. For that bnslc rcnsou, we dccidod to support wl~olollenrtodly the proposed effort to Ilolg the Covormout of ihubin.

Mr. Prosidcnt, this is the first time that my dolegation 1~1s token the floor shce your assumption of the prosldcncy . Allow ulc, thoroforo, to offor you our wuriii cougratulatloiis aiiil to assure you of our fullest co-operotlou iu the dlschargc of your dutlcs. III thr coutcxt of close aud friendly rolutious cxlstlug bctwcon ludia aud Kcuyu, we are pncticularly dcllyhtcd to see a distlugulshcd rcprcsoutativc of Kcuya nud a loug-the fricud of ladla us Prcsldcut of this iulportaut orgnu of tllc lhited Nations, the Illore so at a time when the Couucil Is dcbntiug a serious lmblm urislug out of the struggle aguirst forces of colouiallm aud racism III sr)utlum Africu, WC sll:~uld llke to express to you our adullratlou for the able uud efl’iclcut uumcr iu which you IIUVC alrcndy couducted our dcllbcratious aud btouellt to II successful cud the protracted consultations which have IIUW led to the adoptitrii of th2 two resolutiuiis, 55. We are glad that these two resolutions have been adopted and that the Security Council has thus initiated action which we sincerely hope will have a positive effect on the present tense situation in southern Africa created by the aggressive activities of the illegal regime in Southern Rhodesia with the connivance of the South African Government. We have joined as co-sponsors of both resolutions with the confidence that, with their adoption by such an overwhelming majority, the Security Council should be able to initiate immediate action to be of effective assistance to Zambia in the? crisis facing that country and in de-escalating the situation. 61. We were deeply impressed by the great degree of sympathy and solidarity expressed to Zambia by a great many countries in the Council, by the unanimous sympathy in the Council, and also by the concurrence and deep feelings of so many other non-members of the Council, Members of this Organization. It is not necessary here to point to the many motives expressed for this great show of sympathy and solidarity for Zambia, but as far as Austria is concerned, there is no doubt that, as a small country, we feel great sympathy for the period of trial in which another small country, Zambia, finds itself. Being a land-locked country, we have great sympathy for Zambia, which is itself a land-locked country, knowing full well the problems which may result from such a situation. 56. While these resolutions haie been adopted, we should remind ourselves that the situation in that area remains critical. All of us have just seen the letter which the President of Zambia has addressed to the Secretary-General [S/Z08771 and in which he has pointed .ut that tension continues to rise and wanton acts of aggression underline the grave threat which the current crisis in southern Africa poses to international peace and security. Our concern for and anxiety over this situation and our great admiration of the people and Government of Zambia for their steadfastness and sacrifices in this crisis remain as before. The Zambian Government and people have shown commendable restraint and calm in the face of a very grave crisis, and done everything in their power to prevent escalation of tension. 62. For that reason we felt that, in our deliberations, Zambia should occupy the main place in the resolutions adopted by us, and we felt that the unanimous expression of the sympathy and concern of this Council would be appropriate. We expressed the feeling, in consultations, that the two draft resolutions before us were not wholly conducive to this purpose at the first stage, and we did not hesitate to express our doubts. The modifications which have now been accepted have greatly reduced our hesitations and we feel that they represent progress over the text formerly presented. I cannot hide from the Council that a number of doubts still exist in the mind c.f my delegation on a number of provisions in the two resolutions, but I need not elaborate on these points inasmuch as I made our position clear in my previous statement. 5’7. We should like to express once again our sympathy and solidarity with Zambia in its hour of trial and our admiration for its people under the inspiring leadership of President Kaunda, a great humanist and fighter for freedom. We had been looking forward to welcoming him in our country on a State visit during which he was to have received the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for international peace and understanding, awarded to him in recognition of his services to that cause. While his visit was unavoidably postponed due to the present situation, we hope that we shall have an opportunity of welcoming him soon in our country. 63. Finally, we have been able to overcome whatever hesitations we felt and we are glad for the widely shared feeling that has now been expressed by this Council. 64: Mr. KOMATINA (Yugoslavia): Mr. President, since this is the first time that we have spoken under your esteemed presidency, let me, on behalf of the Yugoslav delegation, congratulate you and your delegation on your assuming the important post of President of the Security Council for the month of February. The traditional and deep ties of understanding and co-operation that bind our two countries-their membership and activity in the great movement of non-aligned countries which is so dedicated inter a&z to the just and noble causes of Africa-make it a particular pleasure for me to do so. The warm working relations that our two delegations have always had in the United Nations are of particular importance to us, With your well-known abilities and distinguished experience, we know that the effective work of this Council during this month is assured. You will find us always ready to co-operate fully in your responsible endeavours,

Mr. President, as this is the first time that my delegation takes the floor under your presidency, may I briefly use this opportunity to express to you the congratulations of my delegation upon your assuming the presidency of the Security Council for the month of February and to express our satisfaction at seeing a distinguished representative of y?ur experience and character occupy this most important post. 59. I should also like to express thanks and a tribute to the outgoing President of the Council for the month of January, the Ambassador of Indonesia, Anwar Sani, whose admirable skill, experience and wise leadership we have all come to appreciate during the past month as qualities that have been of tremendous help to all of us, and especially to the new members in mastering the difficult ways of the Security Council. 65. To Mr. Anwar Sani of Indonesia, another friendly and non-aligned country, the President for the month of 67. As for the resolutions sponsored by six uon-nligncd couutrios which the 0011ncil IIUS just udoptcd, I should like to slot0 the followlug. Thy nice! sovornl csseutiul rcqulrcmcnts over which thorc is a very wide nicmuro of ngrcomm! hero,, Thy coudcuul Southern Rl~odcsin’s sggressivo nc!io~~s and, b!er o/la, thy requlrc ill particular that tlio dungcrous prcscncc of the South Africnu srrned forcr’s III Southcru Rhodesia bo rmovcd. They ronffhnl the rcsponslbllitics of the adn~iuls!oring I’owor und usk it to do why! is necessary to uudcrtakc all possible nlmurcs couuncnsuratc with the sl!u:~!ion uud its roslmlslbilitics. Thy rcafllru~ tllc rights of the pcoplc of Zhbabwo wi~osc struggle is our coilcc!lvc cm. Ihlly, they recogulzc and couuucnd Zanlbin for its mble dccisio~~ aud provldc for the ucccssnry ~ctiou und machinery that will cuublo us to oxtcnd mcauiugful and ndcquate ussistuucc to thut brave Stute, 68. Those nrc sonic of the reasons WIIICII led my dclcga!lot~ to co.sponsor both texts. 69. The PRl%IIIENT: I cull on the rcprcsco!a!lve of Znmblu. 70, Mr, LUSAKA (Zumbia): Mr, Prcsldon!, my I assoclatc myself uud my dclcgntion with those who have alrcudy cougrntulatcd you upou your sssun~ptiou of the office of Prosidcu! of the Security Council for this nlonth. Our persolud md officioI relations, WIIICII tire very wurm Indeed, lirc 0 nuuiifcs!a!iou of lhc reiatiousliip Ljctwcbii our two Icadcrs aud our two Govcmments. Your couduct of the Council ~ucotir~ys since yustcrdny IIPS been highly cornmrld:d~lc md this is II grc-u! tribute uo! ordy to you, :IS a dcur so11 of Kenya aud Africa, bui to your Govcruumt as well, 71, Muy I a! this stage, us WC coucludc !IIC dehte UII the border si~u:~tiur~ III my UWII part of !IIC CO~II~IY, cxtcnd my great thuks to Ambassador Auw:lr S:mi of indoucsin fat the very cfficicnt numucr III WIIICII IIC conducted tllc c‘uuucil’s mcctiugs hsl ~iioritl~. 73. Tbo vuto of ihstcutlon by the Uuitcd Kingdon dclcgatlou Is, In the Znmbku~ vlow; II vote of abstention concernlug Bnl!l~‘s &gyresslvc acts and it Is, III our viow a buptism oxtcudcd to lnu Bnlth in the dou of iniquity. As P mttcr of ~IIC!, I! Is II cu~~u~h~!io~~ of Ion Snllth us u Nnzi. Tim rclmscututivo of the Urlitcd Kln~doul had rcfcrrcd Lo the questlou of rcopcning the border bctweuu Zwnbin and the British colony of Southern Rhodeslo. I bcliovc thnt tlm Uritish deiegn!iou Is aware of the lustabIlIty of the si!un!ior~. 0111~ two ycors ago WC had a si!ua!io~~ which was dlsruptcd by the Ulcgul rdghno, aud this very Council dcbutcd the issue, 74. Rccoutly thoro was G blockudc. As long as the root CPUSC is no! ronloved from Southm Rhodosln, who cm cxpec! the iusmo pcoplc in Snlisbury to bchnvc noruudly PS lnmau beings? 011~ would uuly expect the chvious, us WC see the treuds today, aud the obvious is that they would decide tomorrow to close the border. la my cm, the sugcstiou that perhaps the border should be rcopcncd moans, iu itself, as far as wo cm judgo it in Znmbin, thu! the Uritisll pcoplc, !IIC Uritish Governmu! aud the Urltlsh doicgation arc trying to put prcssurc 011 us becnusc of the trouble that lnu SnUth is having, so thn! we can cusl~lon him out of his troubles. 75. Tht IS !IIC S~!UU~~OI~ US WC judge I!, TIE tiovcrumcnt uud people of Zembla ore uo! surprlsod a! the ubstcntloo of tllc Uultod Kingdm dcloyation--nor, indeed, of that of the Uultcd Stntos-aud a! its foilurc to respond dccislvoly to, the gruvc situotiou of wl~icl~ UIC Cou~lcll has been s&cd during the dcbntc 011 tllc ltcn~, For o loug ti~uc now tllo Zambiau Govcrtuucut and people IIUVC bcou susl~icious of the ml motlvos of the Uuitcd Kingdom, uo! only with regard to its colony of Suutlum Rhodesia but also wltll regard to tllo ontiro rogiou of soutlum Akicu. The abstcntlon by tllo Britlsl; delegation WIIICII wo IIOVC just wltuessed is thercforo no! a! nil surl)rising to us. As I hnvc said, it is a cousccrntion ul’ the aMrcsslvc nets uow bciug couuuittcd by thusc pcoplc III Saiisbuly, 76. Tllc Governum! :md people of Zmbiu have takcrl note of !IIC vote cus! by the United Kingduul dcicgatiou, We wlsll a! this slngc, Iluwovcr, to express ‘1ur slnccro thanks to the 13 mmbcrs of tha council wl~icl~ huve supported us aud aiso supported the cmc of pcncc :md Justice 111 our region. My tiovermcn! is ready to give the misshi every ussistilnce, us it deserves. 77. Mr. hUI)I~l,l,A (SudilIl): I shall not rcpeu! our posithi, since I idrcady phccd il bcfu~e llic c’uuncil in nip 79. hi vlcw of our flexlblllty nud the loiig 1icgotlntlo1is, WC had hopcd that this draft rosolutton would be ndopted u~r~~rlmously~ WC nrc slightly dlsnppolotcd that thcro were two nbstcntloos, but w0 arc also plonsed thnt it was nctunlly adopted by 13 votes iu favour. 80. I should oow llkc to express the dcllght of the spoosors ut the virtually u~umi~uous adoption of the druft rcsolutloo In document S/l0876/Rev.l I We know thnt tho one d&egatlon that nbstalucd dld so because it hud cxpectod a much stroogcr resolution. WC hope that the rcsolutlon will be Implomo1rtod lo order to nllovlalo the critical situation wllich Zambia Is fuchrg at proscut bocausc It has C~OSCII to help the Uuited Natloos nnd the Sccurily Couucil In muklug the sauctlous apalnst Southcro Rhodesia more effcctlvc, In that way It Is also helph~g tl1c Uultcd Khtgdom to fulfil Its duty. We nre therefore plcuscd that this drnft rosolutlon has be011 adopted. 81, To conclude, I sl~ould like to say thnt I ugrco with those who have suggested that rosolutlous 111 themselves do not meuo much, but I should add thai that Is the case 011ly If tl10y nro uot hnpl0m01rtcd coosclcutlously by those who IIPVO the rcspooslbillty to Implement them. 82. On behalf of the spoosors 1 should like to thnuk nil those who co.operatcd wItI us during the long nod protracted ucgotl~tlons turd helped us to nchievc the flr,nl texts of the two drnft resolutions.

As head of the KENYA dulegntion, I wish to mako ouly a few rouunents on the drnft resolutions the Couucll has just adopted. 84. III the course of my muln stntoment on the complaint of Zumbla /16881/r ttzeetit/g/, I poloted out thnt the sltuutlon lo the southern purt of Afrlcn provoked by the 86 Wo roullzo tllnt wo ars uot ns powerful mllltarlly as w0 should bo, but I CUII nssur0 this Council-rind 1 should like to addrcss those rcmurks pnrtlcutnrly to those couutrics which still pcrslst lo nldlub South Afrlcu and In supportlog tlic Smith rdglmc-that thoro is still tlmc to snV0 the situation uud to halp IIS nvold bloodshod. But to the oxtoot thut tl1osc cotmtrlcs ntd the Smith rdgimc uud the rnclst rcghuc Iii South hfrlcn, they are holphig to create n sltuntlou ~hlch will oud la confrontation bctwccu the pcoplcs of Africa nod the mhrorlty white rdglmos of southern Africn. I crm sny without auy f0nr of cootrndlctiou !hnt, to the oxtoot that those mlnorlty rdglmcs nrc aided uud abcttod, to th,rt very cxtcut the coufruotnt!on bctwcou the Afrlceu peoples nnd the mluurity whites iu suuthcr1i Afrlcu bccomcs iucvltoble. 87. That is n thought that makes muuy of us feel liumblo because we koow tl1nt the Africuo treoplc arc not golug to sit wlth thch nrms folded when our owe people uro kept constoutly uod ! perpetually under wl1ite do1niuatioo, when 111dopeodent A rlcuu States Hke Zemblu ur0 boiog sur. rouuded by them illegnl rdglmcs. 1 thluk the African people have nlrondy tnkcn a dcclslon that, If thcso whlto mhrorltles commit aggresslou ngnlust Znmbln or auy other ludcpeu~ dcut African country, WC shall So out and use uuy menus or auy tools wlthiu our roach to fight buck to viodlcatc our freedom. That Is the sltuntlou in II 1mtshcll. 88. My delegatloo Is happy thnt some of the vltul urovlslons of the draft. rosolutlous WC coqousored hnvc b0cu ndopted, What uow rcmulus is actlorr -to salvtgc the lodopcodenco, economic soverclgnty and dl@ty of the Znmbinu people. 89. Speaklog IIOW us tl1e I’RBSII)ENT, 1 should like to draw the Council’s ntteutlon !o the provlslons of o erntlvo puragraph 9 of the drnft resolutlou lo documout I; P 108751 Rev,1 nod to hrform the Council that, III msponse to the urgency thnt the sltuatlon de111uuds, I lotcud to Initlate consultutlons lmmcdlatcly wlth the uim of coustltuthtg tho spcclnl mlsslo~~ aud cusurlug that It Is dlsparrhcd to Ztmrbln ns so011 us pusslblo. It Is my lute1rtluu that by the mlddle ol next week the ~pdtd mlssio1r will be estnblished; It should perhnps bo ready to lenvc for Znmbtn by the fuhowhrg wcokeud. 1%~ tneetitlg ruse at 5.55 pdtth IlOW TO OBTAIN UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS United Nations publications mey be obtnined lrom bmkstoree and dielrlbutors throughout the world. Consull your bookstore or write lo: UnIted Nations. Sslss .Swtion. New York or Geneva. COhlBlENT SE PHOCURER LES PUBLICATIONS DES NATIONS UNiES 14,s publicntlons des Natlons Unles sonI en vente dans Ice llbralrlee et lee atwxes d&oeltaires du mondc enllor. Informez-vow aupr&e de volre llbrnire ou edreese+voue A : Nations Unies. Seclion dee ventee, New York ou G&we. COMO CONSEGUIR Pl’DLICACIO~dES UE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS 1,~ publicscioies de lslr Nsriones Unidea eNtAn en venta en librerlss y ceeae dish+ huidoros en t&s partca de1 mundo. Consulte a .su librero o dlrljsee P: Naclones Unidea. Sevcidn de Venlao. Nuevn York o t;lnebru. .- ---- Llfhu 111 Unltrd Nations, New York lwce: IUS. 1 .oo (or equlvrlent In otbsr curronclos) -- 73.82036.-December 197h-I.Y2b