S/PV.1772 Security Council

Once again called upon to cxtcnd the mandate ol’thc IJnitcd Nutions Force in Cyprus. my dclc~ution. au it hit% ulwuyb done. voted in favour al the tmditionnl dmti rcsalution submitted to us. 13. But this vote, cvcn if it h;n ull thr uppcur;lnccs of a formality which WC rnpapc in cvcry six months. dots involve ccrtnin concerns to which I should like todr;lu. thrCouncil’4: uttcntion brirlly. H. Although the grounds for a l’urthcr reduction in the Force may bccstablishcd in due course, WC would agree with the Sccretary-Gcneral that perhaps for the time being a t’urther reduction, howcvcr wctcomc it would be. would bc somewhat prcmaturc in a situation that remains. in the &crctary-Gcncr;d’s own words, “tense and potentially dangerous”. 14. The maintcmtncc of’ordcr in Cyprus. the prcscrvtrticm of the security al’thc two communities. without cmy doubt is an objcctivc which. ol’coursc, the Council must suhscribc to; that is its mission. The dispatch of a pcacc-krcpinp force constitutes one of the mc;tns by which the Council can discharge its duty. But this is un extrcmr mcuhurc. in u wny. to which it has rc’coursc in cxccptionnl circumstancr~. on a temporary bnris. when the Force. us in the prc%cnt CUIC. is stationed on the territory ofa sin& Stutc in order to prcvcnt a confrontation between untclponistic clcmcnts withi:l the population: the prcscncc of a Force must in fitct make it possible to cnsurc the ncccssary conditions for thr wilrch l’or and the cstahlishmcnt of H normal situirtion in which or&r and security arc guaruntccd by thr limctioning CJ those institutions which arc proper to ult sovcrcipn Stiltcs. Ilowever. after more thim IO ycan. the snmc circumstnnccs which wcrc invoked at the time the f?rrcr wits c%tahli\hcd arc bcinp put forth to justify its mnintcnancc. I:vcn ifscvcral attempts have been made hy the partics and arc still goinp on. in order to normalix the situation. they hnvc not yet proved succ~&~l. WC mny then whndcr it’ the Council. while taking note of the lilct thut the Force hiIs acquittrd itself’ impcccuhly. us is shown by the cxprcssiom of satistilctirrn uddrcsscd to it by the intcrL%tcd partics thcrnwlvc%. hits not the duty to quL%tion this operation. In providinp the trunquiliacr. hrrvc WC not cncoura%c II ccrtnin r&tanlv trb the true trcatmcnt. somrtimcs uncomlhrt;rhtc, irnd alwit>* demanding? 9. As I had occasion to note last December. and as the !&rctnry-Gcncral’s report again reveals. thcrc has cvidcntly been little progress in a number of important Areas. military. economic and social. whcrc grcutcr co-operation and undcrstandine would cnhancc the prospects for a return to normal conditions or something like normal conditions. We note with rcgrct that there has been little progress towards military dccunfiontution and that Ihcrc have been disturbing reports of an incrcrtsc in the importation of arms. by both hides. lilr their USC. The trend towards separate economic dcvclopmcnt has apparently increased and we have crbservcd the Sccrctury-Gcncrul’s comment that only slight progress had ken made towards the extension ol’ public scrviccs to all arcas that arc in need of them. ItI. As H’C read the Sccrctary-Gcncral’s report, and particuktrly section 111 on the subject of “Activities towards a rrturn to normal conditions”, WC WC elm evidence of the cxtcnt to which mutual fear and distress is a major obstacle to bcttcr rchttionu bctwccn the communities in almost all lictds. WC can thus all the more upprcciatc and encourage the activities ot’ UNfKYP in its patient cnbrts not only to Lrcp the pcucc but uluo. through the cxcrcisc al’ its good cbtliccs in the imptcmcntution ol’ social projects. to t’ostcr grcutcr co-opcmtion bctwccn the two communities. and to hcIp to Iowcr the burricrs miscd by this xamc I’car and suspicion. IS. Huvc we not also, over the long term. ncglcctcd to druw the conclusions from u situation which iti. mo\t happily. no lnnpcr marked by the open ccnti-ontation* or tcnsions of u few years ago? The Sccrctary-CirncraI promptal this thoupht himscll’ whrn hc undertook a reduction ol’ the Force. ;I reduction which is now to bc ac~onrpnnin! hy u rxzrtuin chitnp in mrthcds. My drlqu~tion. while tilkitlp note ol’ the commcntu con&cd in puritpritph 79 ol’ the report, considers thilt this clli)rt. linked to II ncM pvuhr;ltion ol’ the rczd nerd\ in the light of the mission ot’thc IG,rcc. hwltt tw c~ontiniicdl. Il. Finally. ulthouph I do not think I can make much u\ctill contrihutior: -t;y way of comment on the tinnncinl cituation 01 IJNI~IC’YP at thi% htagc. I do note that the cituiuion in which UN1KY P finds itsccll’ has shown some \\dcamr. ulhcit temporary. improvcmcnt. Ilnwcvcr. I undcr\t;mtt &t thitt UI 1 JNI-IC’Y P cntcn the pcricd cl’ the II. It is not without concern, thcrcforc, that wc huvc learnt of the suspension of the intercommunal talks. Without going into the rcusons allcgcd on either side for this suspcnaion, reasons which arc very usefully set forth in section IV of the Sccrctary-General’s report. we have to note that these negotiations. which were rcsumcd two years ago, arc now at a standstill. Most fortunately, on 4 June next the participants will bc meeting again: we hope that bccausc the stake is so importunt-it is a matter df safcguardinp and protcc$ng the identity al’ each of the communities within the framework of a rovcrcipn Stntr rndowcd with viable and ef’fcctivc institutions-the partir% will not take refuge in the starus qua. which, as WC now hcrc rvcry six months. is accompanicd by a dccpcning polarization of the intercommunal lifeof Cyprus, and, undoubtedly. by a similar polarization in attitudcs. The cVects ol’ the frcqucnt instnnccs of procrastina= tion arc obvious. Who of us could occcpt that such a second-best solution should bc the only result of the cllbrts which have ponc on for so many years and which the Council has ccasclcssly Collowcd with such vigilance? 18. Our constant objcctivc is to make possible the establishmcnt of harmonious coexistence between the two cornmunitics for their own bcncfrt. for that of the Cypriot State and for the bcnetit of peace in that part of the Mcditcrrancan. This rcmuins our ohjcctivc as todny we renew the mundatc of the Force. But my dclqation has deemed it nccnsnry to make clear the spirit in which we have agreed to this rcncwal. 19. Finally, 1 should like to associate myself with the rxprmsions al’ gratitude profcrrcd by previous rpcakcrs to the Spcial Rcprescntativc ot’ the Secretary-Gcncral. Mr. Osorio-Tafall, who hns acquitted himself with such distinc= tion and talent in carrying out the dclicatc task which had been cntrustcd to him. The trihutc paid to him by the rcprcscntutivcs of the panics b the most obvious evidence of this. My drlrgation takes pleasure in grcetinp his successor= desipnntc, Mr. Wcckmann-Mullet, WC have been able to apprcciatc his cmincnt qualitin in his recent mission of inquiry in Iraq and Iran.

The United States supports the extension of the mandate of UNFICYP for an additional six months. I would like to cxprcss our prtttitudc and admiration to Major-General Prcm Chand and the ofliccrs and men of UNFICYP for the high standard of pcrrormancc wc hnvr come to expect from them. 21. In addition. I want to cxtcnd our special appreciation to Mr. <horio-Xtlilll, who. after scvcn and a hsll’ ycats d imaginative. undmtandinp and patient laldcrslrip as thr &crrt;tr>-<icnrr;ll’* Spcrial Rcprcwntarivc in Qprus. will 22. At the same time wc wclcomc the eppointmmt of Ambassador Wcckmann-MufIoz as tbc new Special Rcprchcntativc. Amhus\udor Wcckmann=Mufior’s skilful diplo= macy as the Sccrctary-Gcncrnl’s Special Rcprcscntativc in the Iran-Iraq dispute is only the latest cxamplc of the statrsmanlike qualities which hc brings to hi* new duties. 23. Once again we commend the Sccrstary=Gcncrul t’or unothcr incisive and important report on the current situa= tion in Cyprus. WC had hoped that the last six months would huvc been marked by more progress towards a just and peaceful scttlcmcnt through the inrcrcommunal talks. Admittcdl). the suupcnsion ol’ those talks was u temporary setback, but WC urc gratilicd that the conccrncd particsbavc dcmonstmtcd their willinpnms to rcsumc the ncpotiations shortly and to continue the starch Ibr u pcaccful. mutually acceptable solution. In this regard. my delegation would like to rcallirm the support ofthc United States for the intcrcommunal talks as the bczt available mrans of achieving a just solution based on the concept ol’ a sin&. sovereign and indcpcndcnt Cyprus, with appropriate guarantcr. for the safety and well-bcinp of all its pcoplc. 24. WC had hop+-indeed. WC expected-that the wductions in the UNFICYP brcr Icvcl would be curried forward in accordance with the Secrctary-Gcncral’s plans. unmarred by incidents. and leaving the bcpinnings of a more streamlined. more cflicient UNFICYP. Hcrc. our cxpcctations were commendably I’ulfillcd. 25, WC arc cxtrcmcly plcased that the Sccretnry-Gcncral has been able to report completion tm schr&lc of the second phase reductions in the UNFICYP l&c lcvcls. M! Govcrnmcnt strongly rupportcd the 25 per cent cuthucks which the gcrctury-Gcncral implcmcntcd during the past year. The support of’ the L’nitcd Stutcs dclrpetion )br still further I&c reductions is undoubtedly well known by nou to the mcmbcn of the Council und to crthrr imcrcstrd purtics. 26. At the 1759th mcctinpoftheCiruncil.on 14Dcc3zmttcr 1973. the mandate of UNFICYP wus lnvt rxtcndcd. I rxprcssed our dclgutionk view that UNFICY P could most rllicicntly cxccutc its mandate esscntinlly ut a mnliator/ohscrvcr Force with substantially fewer pcnonnrl. Events of thr last six months have not altcrcd our view. 27. In addition to the matter crl’ cllioient opccrtion. thr linuncial diflicultics confronting the Forcc hitvr still not been rcsolvcd. WC lind it incrcusinply dillicult to ju&) tlr mounting drbts of t JNFICY P. Wr hclirvc that rdl ol’ UImembers of the Council, us well II\ troop und cash mntributon-must give scriour considcrution scp;lratrl) und collectively to how the cost of nritintoininp the I~otcc can bc rcdurzd. E~pcnscs. includinp thr p;t)nrrnt crl’ thr debts oI’UNFICYP. must somrhc~u becctvrrcd h) carn(rihutions, and very soon. 34. In thir connexion I should like tocongratuhttc Ambanrsdor Wcckman~Munoz on his recent nomination to the post or Specirl Representative of’ the Secrctary-Gcncral in Cyprus and to aasurc him ol’thc support ormy delegation in the lLtfilment of his delicate mission. 35, 1 should aIso like to pay a particular tribute to Mr. O&o-Tafaall, who for approximately eight yeum rcrvcd with the United Nation8 Force in Cyprus with great dcdication. My delegation wbha him a well-earned rest alter atmost a quarter 0ra century 0rwwict in our Organi~atiim. 29. Resolution 1x6 (1964). which established UNFICYP. spclkd out rather clearly that the primary responsibility for maintaining pcacc and intcrnul order rested with the parties: UNFICYP was given an important. but essentially rupportinp, role. WC envisage a strcamlincd obscrvcr/mediator UNFICYP which would still “USC its best cflbrtr to prevent a recurrence of fighting” and would continue to ‘contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions”. 36. Aa members of the Council nre awurc, the United Rcpubtic of Cameroon wan not on the Council when the first dcciriotu to ensure the rtationing in Cyprus ora United Nations Force were taken. However, my Government has unhesitatingly given its constant support to ull the United Nations cfforu to maintain peace in the island and to create an atmosphere conducive to understanding betwrvn the two communities. We shall continue along that construcrivc line, and it is for this reason that, despite our limited tinunclal means and the many dillicultks inherent in our social and economic development, my Government hns just decided to make a vohmury contribution ofS00.000 franc% CPA to the UNFICYP Special Account.

On bchalr of my dclcgation. I should like lirst of alt to cxpm our appreciation to the Sccrctary-Gcncral for the outstanding report hc rubmittcd to the Council on the United Nations operation in Cyprus for the last six months. This clear, lucid and complete report has been very c~~rclitlly studied by my dekgation, which approves of the motives which underlie the Sccrctary- General’s rccommendution to extend the existence or the Force for a further six months. That is in explanation ol’the vote wc cast on the drart resolution in document S/l lMl, which the Council adopted this morning.

The very comprehensive repon of the Secretary- General which was submitted to the Council on 22 May 1974 has given tu a vtry clear picture of’ the situation in Cyprus. Tension and mistrust between the twocommunitir! unf’ortunately Kcm to be the main charactcrirtirrr of thut luation. Had it not been for the prcscna ol’ the t Initcd Nations Force in Cyprus, this rituatinn, in which many divergent if not contradictory intcmts arc at play,could have de-rated into an armed conflict which by dcvclopine further might have threatened peace in the entire region. But ifcalm b being maintained in Cyprus thankr to the United Nations Force, and rlxo to the moderation exercised by the partlee concerned, no rignifkant progm has yet been mude towards a final solution to this painful situation. 31. II’ thrrc is reason to bc gmtificd over the fact that the general situation in the island has remained relatively calm uvcr the last six months. as WC gather rrom pamgmph 26 of the Sccrctery-Gcneml’s report, my delegation nevertheless rcgrcts the ract that no effort has been made to achiew a rignilicant relaxation of the military and politicat situation. A military conf’rontation is still possible since the two communitics arc still maintaining and reinforcing their military quipmcnt and living in an atmosphere of mutual fear and suspicion. 32. The Sccrctary=Gcncral, in paragraph 44 of’ his report. in fact notes that lor six months little progress has been achieved towards a return to normal conditions. and that the “trend towards the separate development of’ each community has continued unabated”. My delegation is concerned over this rituutt n since it might bc protonged indclinitcly and. as a consequence, might require the continued prcscna of the United Nations Force in the island, with sll the financial implications which that would involve. 38. From the Sccretrry-Gencral’r report, it i9 obvious that the talks between the two communities thcmxlvcs have at present been interrupted and that weapons arc being introduccd in the bland. All this must obviously give rise to cot&cm. And thus, despite the highly constructive role played by the Force, the objectives which the Council set for itself when creating UNFJCYP bavc not yet been attained and the rituation is car from having returned to normalcy. 33. My delegation is still conccrncd over the pcrsistcnt obstacks standing in the way of a so eagerly d&cd return to a normal situation. It b true that these are obstacles diflicult to overcome, but my delegation sinctrcly trusts that #he panics directly concerned will be able to make rdditional efforts to arrive at 0 common agreement on a &lini= the constitutionat structure ror the State that will be l cceptabk to all the component parts of the population wit!t 39. Despite its disappointment, and its impatience to WC understanding at last replace mistrust and union, under an appropriate form, triumph over divbion. my delegation h convinced that the pmrncc of’thc Force rcmainr the dctcrmining f’actor not only in maintaining peace but also in Keking a solution in keeping with the purposes and principks of the Charter and taking fully into account the kgitimate interest8 0r the parties c~nccrncd. 41. In conclusion, my delegation would hope that the rcncwul of this mnndutc. which has now been extended for the twentieth time, will be the one which will see fraternity und pcuce re-esrablishcd in Cyprus. d2. Bcforc conctyding my atatemcnt, I would add my voice to thut of the speakers who prcccdcd me in ordcl to puy u wcllcarncd tribute to the Special Representative of the SccrctnryCcnrral. Mr. Gsorio-Tafall, for the quality and cxccllcncc of the work he did during his term of ollice in Cyprus. WC should also like to welcome his successor, Mr. Wcckmnnn-Munox. who yesterday proved to us his ability (I\ u distinguished diplomat and excellent negotiator.

This is the first time that my dclqtution has addrcxscd the Security Council on the situation in Cyprus in its present context. However, the geographicul proximity of Cyprus to my country and the friendly t-clarions WC maintain with all the partia directly involved mukc us keenly interested in a peaceful and agreed solution d this problem. It is in thisspirit and in theearnest hope that our cxtcnsion of the mandate ofthc United Nations Force in C’jprun will fucilitatc the achievement of that goal that we vatcd t&y in favour of the dran resolution adopted at the l77lst mcetinp. 44. WC note with regret that little progress has been made in resolving the basic issues since the Secretary-General last reported to the Council. Indeed. we share the apprehension that wax widely felt when the communal talks were auspcndcd. and it hus been only the timely intervention of our cstccmnl Sccretury-Gcneral and the excellent work of his rcprc-cmalivc that banished the prospect of a complete and pcrmanrnt breakdown of the talks. 43. M? country very much hopes that these talks. which urc cxpcctcd to bc mumcd soon, will k pursued in earnest and will not be bogged down by semantic hurdles. We uppeal to the parties tobanishsuspicionand mistrust so that an agreement on constitutional arrangements satisfactory to ull concerned can bc reached. 46. &forc concluding. my delegation wishes to join the Sccrrtiuy-Gcncrul and the speakers who have preceded me in paying a tribute and in expressing our gmtitudc to Mr. (horir~‘l’alirll for long und distinguished service in the cause trl the Ilnitcd Nations and of peace in Cyprus. We wish also to cxprcs.. our sincere wishes for the success of Mr. Weckmann-Mufloz. his successor as representative of the Sccrctary43zncral. Mr. Weckmann-Munor, has become well known to us in Iraq and it is on the basis of this 48. My delegation would like to state its appreciation for the efforts made over the last seven years by Mr. Gsorio= Tarall. the Special Representatiw of the Secretary-General, who is now withdrawing from that post at his own request. We also trust that Mr. Weckmann-MufIoz. his successor, will be able to follow in his footsteps. Mr. Weckmann- Mufioa has given proof of his ability in the rcccnt discussions between Iraq and tran.and has now been designated Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Cyprus.

The delegation of the Byelor= ussian Soviet Socialist Republic has carefully studied the npon of the Secretary-General on the United Nations operation in Cyprus, from which it is clear that the United Nations Peace-keeping Force is continuing to play an important role in the atablirhmcnt of peace and in the Cypriot people’s return to normal conditions of life. For this reason, we agree with the Secretary-General about the need to extend the stationing of the Force in Cyprus fore further six months. SO. We believe ttit the probkm of Cyprus should be settled by peaceful means in the interests of the people of Cyprus as a whole and primarily by the Cypriots themselves. The solution of the Cyprus problem should contribute to a general easing of tension in this area. Sl. We are firmly convinced that the settlement of the CYPNS problem should be based on recognition of the freedom and respect for the independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus. S2. The Byeloruxsion SSR has always opposed and will continue to oppose any attempts to infringe the sovereignty of this republic and to solve this question to the detriment of the vital interests of the people of Cyprus and to the advantage of outside imperialist forces. That is why the Marts of the United Nations should be dircctcd towards strengthen- 61. The suspended ihtercommunal tulkt ure schcdulbd to be mumed on 4 June. Thut is a good sign, and we look forward to the talks being resumed with renewrd vigour. Time is not necmarily on our aide, and I urn sure ull the parties do fully realize that the talks cannot be conducted in a leisurely fashion. The Unircd Nations forces on the island have already been reduced, and the second phuse of reduction is under way. There is indcvd great pmsure for the United Nations to reduce the forces rind thus lighten the financial burden. The current trend in thinking is too clear nor to have been easily noticed hy nil the purties concerned. My delcyarion can only express the hope that, the tulkr haviw covered so much ground, the outstanding questions concernin the structure and functions of Iocul government bodies will be solved speedily. S4. At the same time, we should like to stress that, in voting in favour of thedraftmolution.weactedin thebelicf that the extension of the stationing of the Force in Cypnis would be carried out in fill accordance with the provisions of Security Council resolution 186 (1964) of 4 March 1964 and the Council’s subsequent resolutions on the question of Cyprus. The present functions of the Force in Cyprus will be retained as well as the present principle of voluntary financing. 62. It was with those considerations in mind that my delegation voted in favour of the droll resolution on the renewal of the mandate of UNFICY P. J5. The PRESIDENTz t rhould now like to make a short statement in my capacity as representative of KENYA. 63. Aa PRESIDENT I call upon the repmentnrivc of Cyprus. 36. It is now 10 years since the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus was established. That is a lona time, and the United Nations involvement has also been very expensive. Peace, however, has a price, and there is no doubt thar the pmcncc of the United Nations Force has been a stabilizing clement in a tense situation which unfortunately still exists in Cyprus.

I should tirst like to thank you, Mr. President, for your constructive statement on the problem of Cyprus and also to thank the other members of the Council for their statements and their inlemt in Cyprus and the continuation of the United Nations Force for II peaceful solution in an independent, sovereign and unitary State of Cyprus without any threat to the territorial integrity and independence of Cyprus. 57. Cyprus is a fellow member of the non-alilned mom mcnt as well as the Commonwealth. Naturally, thercforc. WC in Kenya have followed very closely developments on the island, and it has never been lost on us that the freedom movements in Cyprus and Kenya arc conremporary and similar in nature. 65. t should now like to turn to my colleague Ambassador Olcay, who registered his view that the ogrryd busb of the talks had not been the unitary State. The lirst occasion on which Ambassador Olcay raised an objection to the unitary State was in December last, when he naid it ‘*has never been the agreed basis of the talks” [ 1759th merrln~, puru. 17j. But theu he said he speaks from his own memory on this, and that statement was made not as his main statcmcnt but as a reply to what I had said. His main statement never mentioned an)?hing about objections to the unitary State, whereas the report of the !%cretary-Gcnml on that same occasion-that is, in Devvmber 19730spoke clearly of the basis, as follows: 58. The divisive forces in Cyprus arc not entirely dissimilar to those that cximd in my country before independence. We have on many occasions stated that Kenya respects the unity. sovereignty and independence of Cyprus. Like those of many countries, the population of Cyprus is not home= gtneous. It is therefore vital thar there should be full respect for the rights and security of all its citizens without any discriminalion. A spirit of reconciliation and co-operation must be fostered based on the elements I have just mcntioncd before a new era of peace and proqcrity once again descends on Cyprus. 6. I . . ‘the readivated inrcrcommunnl talks are the bcw instrument for achieving a satisfactory, InstinE and agreed solution based on the concept of an independent, sovereign and unitary State with the adequate panicipation of the two communities* ‘*, (S/1//37, p@u. 801. 59. I should like to seize this opportunity to pay a tribute to Mr. Osori~lafall, the Special Representative of the Secrctary=General in Cyprus, for the distlngubhed service he has rendered to the inremational community. WC arc indeed sorry thar he will soon relinquish his duties with the United Nations, but his will be a retirement well earned and dcscrvcd. In his statement Ambassador Olcoy never objected to that. 66. On a previous occasion also-thot is. nt the 1727th meeting, on IS June 1973-l atorrd that the agreed basis was the independent. sovereign and unitary Slulc. In his reply to me, Ambassador Olcay never disputcri’whut I had rraid. that When Ambassador Olcay replied to mc on that occasion, uguin he never dispurcd the agreed basis ofthc tulksns being a unitary State. 67. When Ambassador Baylllkcn was the rcprr!cntulivc of Turkey, the rcpon of the Srurctary-General spoke ubout the basis of the talks being a sovereign, indepcndcnt and unitary Stare and thcrc was no contradicrion by Ambasaudor Baytllkcn of thut mtatemcnt. 68. Again, in the report of Ml~y 1971 (S//OfpP]. ii wu\ rtatcd that the problem ofCyprus must be solved by arriving 81 n lusting aerccmcnr based on an independent, atncreipn and unitary Stare. No objection was made hen: or unywhcrc clsc to thar statcmcnt. Wccan go back ugain and apain. Il’wc go further back, we see what the attitude of the previous rcpresenturivcs was. On IO June 1969 Ambassador Eralp said: “[The Turkish community] has sat down to talk with the Greek community in ordcrto work out a system whcrcby they can live togcthcr in a unitary Starr-l rcpcat. in a unirury State within which their idcnriry as a community will not bc impaired and whcrcin they will run their local and communal rlTuirs thcmsclvcs” 11474th meet&g, puru. 431. 69. So the egrccmcnt on a unitary Stutc was mcntioncd there again. Then Ambassador Baylrlkcn said in the Security Council in June 1970 that “the Turkish cmmmunitv was not against a unitary State. . . the problem . . . was to !&mc the conception of a unitary State” (iS43rd meerhtg, para. XXI]. Of course. that is a tubjcct ofdiscussion. lntcrprcrarion of “unitary Slate” is lcgitimutc. Thcrc arc legal intcrprctalions and dcfmitionr of what is und what is not a unirary State. 70. Now. 1 bclicvc that the rcprescntaGvc of Turkey. Mr. Olcay. tried to set forth the idea that when the aidemCmoim of I8 October 1971 (S//0401. puru, 791 nnd I8 May 1972 [s//oaCrr. puru. 64 were brought out the basis chanpcd. It is very clear that the aide-mCmoim were inrcndcd only as a means of bringing I new proccdurc with the conatructivc help and prcscncc of the reprcscntnrivc 01’ the Secrctary-Gcncral ond the advice of the constituGone1 cnpcrts. and said nothing about the basis of the talks, which rcmaincd the same. The talks arc resuming now on thcsamc basis. 71. Furthcrmorc. if Mr. Olcay had the impression that the basis had changed when the Seerctury-General in his report of I Deccmbcr 1972[SJ/UR4.~.sixmnnthsnt~rr therk%umption ol’ the talks. said that rhc talks were resumed on the basis of an indcpcndcnr. sovereign and unirnry Slntc. where is the rcmonstmncc of Mr. Olcny on th:lt stalcmcnt? Did hc 72. Let me turn to the other aspect of the slutcment of my friend Mr. Olcay. I am sure that what hc doe% hc has 10 do bccausc hr has to fullow the pattern. Hc cannot get out of’ the patlcrn that I have shown this morning, What pattern is it? The patturn of obstructing any workable solution for an indcpendcnt Cyprus. Thercforc the pattern is to dcvtroy lhc indcpcndcncc of Cyprus, not to nave it. It woutd hale been naruml to want to save the indcpendcnce of Cyprus. to avoid the rnosis fear, but wc LCC thar the whole policy is 11) destroy that independence, and the best way to &fro) it is to insist on a constirution that is unworkable. Soeithcr thcrr is no agreement and there is no lasting solution and therefort it will remain pending so that the opportunity for parthion may come in, and it would come in through the federation way, as I shall prove. or it is agreed to ha\c such D consGrution as is bound to disrupt the State and not bring P workable and lasting solution. That it was done to disrupt the State was slated by the constitutional experts whom I have already quoted. and I am going to refer to tbcm again. and by the Mediator, who was the person to study the situation. He xaid clearly that any federation would dr!troy the Stare. That is why there is BO much insistcncc on thr federation idea, but they did not dare to bring it up before. 73. When Ambassador Olcay in December 1973 objcctrd to tht uscof the unitary State. he did not speak ol’fedcmrion. It is now that the idea of federation is brought in. 11 is the policy o!’ escalation. Of course, another day we shall hear “partition”. But now WC hear no partition-no such idea ut all. That artirudc was also taken about fcdcration a while ago. They did not dare mention it in any scnsc as fcdcrution. Even now Ambassador Olcay speaks &out a f&ralist form in an clusivc and uncertain way. What is a f’cdcralist arrangement? It is either federation or non-federation. The constitutional structures are well known. Unitarv State or f’edeml State? Thcrc is no use calling them scmnn&. IT you discuss the constitution of a State, you have got to po by the generally accepted atructum of Starr!. Thrrc are no prclctrcal and precise negotiations if you ignore constitutional structurcr and call them semantics. It i$ xmantics tibr thlnc who want to avoid them or to confuse the issues. 1’11~ question is: Arc WC going to afirm end solidify the indcpcndencc by a workable solurion or nrc wc to destroy it? 74. Let us rrc now what has been the policy of Turkey on Cyprus in relation to purtition. Mr. Kcmul Satir. Turhish Vicc=Premisr. in (I public statement ma& in IYrd. said. “Cyprus will bc divided into two sections. one of~hicb uill join Turkey.” Mr. Erkin. in June 1964. in illt itltr’r\i\.;\ granted at Athens to the nrwspupcr Ht~hcriti. Gl. “th ’ radical solution of the quc!tion of Cyprus w~tultl h to r~dc 75 t.ct us now UC what the late Ismet InOn& the Turkish Prime Minister, xaid on 8 September 1964 kiorc the Tur= Yet Ambasntdor Olcuy spcuks about u fcdcratinn but no moving d’ p~f1lliltiNl~. kbh National Axscmbly: “Oficially, we promoted the f&ration concept rather than that of partition thesis xo as to remain within the provisions of the treaty,” This was to cover it up with something more acceptable to world public opinion. rather than to say *‘partition’*. Hc had to explain. to apologize to the Asxcmbly that hc aaid “fcdcmtion” and that hc did not xay “outright partition”. gl. I am circuhatinp certain maps to mcmbcrsofthcCuuntit so as to m;lblc them to understand thr rituation in Cyprus and to bc conviucrd that the popukttion is inter= mingled. I hope ull mcmbcr* have the mups. because it is very important und vital liar thr coming tnlkr. Now. if mcmbcrs will lo& II~ thl#c mrp. they will wc’c thut thcrc is no part ofCyprus whrrc thcrc is P Turkish mujority. Thcnix districts into which Qprus bus rlwuysbccudividr~. and the six main towns all hitvs u <ircck majority und P Turkish minority, varying between crnc sixth and one fourth or one fifth or, in mrc c~scs. one third. llow can you partition this country’! I low cun you wp;rrutc this trrritory so that you cart have a federal system’! 76. 1 quote thcrc statements ao as to show what is the pattern of Turkey’s policy towards Cyprus and what ix behind it. It IS no longer behind it, it ix now open. 77. The periodical H&k S& the mouthpiece of Mr. Kttflk, who wax the Turkish Cypriot leader, acting, of course, under the inspiration l nd iwtntctions of Turkey ax usual, stated in its editorial of 9 August 1965: 82. WC lwv gonr all the way toward!,u~~:uommcwloting the Turkish side by giving them utl possibls rights. But federation is not workublc. The csiatirlg C’oncititution o!‘C)prus is not I liderntion. E\m Mr. I)ruktug himscll admits that the Constitution of C’yprus is of II unitury sovcrrign Stutc. tic culls it “tt hi-rommunul tmititr) hcncrri&ut Stntc”. Rut cvcn if you call it “bi~omn~un;rl”-~~)u cnn cnll it whutcvcr you like-it is unitar) unrl it is not II fcdcrcltion. If Mr. DcnktaQ thought it was u f&ration. hr would have said M). But hc cannot, kcautc thcrc is not cmr’ charocIcristic of a fcdcration. It has only one council: it dots not cvcn have local govcrnmcnt. The udministrution i.. control und the Turkish community only hits communuI rights: that is. separate communul rights on rr.ligic*n, rduc;ltil)n;tl, pcrs~~nel right; not administratibr right. “Cyprus is another Akxandrctta in the history ofTutkey. The power of Turkey will cnxure an honourable life for the Turkish Cypriots in the same way as it did in Akxandrctta by annexing it and bringing it under Turkish domination” [S&6.3(& Mr. KUflk declared on IO January 1964 that partition wax the best solution and even went so far u to propose the thirty-fifih paralkl as an ideal line of demarcation. 78. When WC know these things, is it at all astonishing that the Government of Cypnu took exception when the Prime Minister of Turkey. who happens to be the leader of the party founded by his predcccsxor InC)nU.spcaks about f&ration. That explains why there is this pattern that 1 spoke of this morning of preventing conciliation and normalization 83, Thcrcforc. thcrc is no ndministrati\c right at alI.ttt any level. tlow could it bc u tiJcratian’! It’ tb structure of Cyprus today is not u fcdcration and we witnt to change it into a fcderotion. it means that wc want toehunpc the whole mtructurc, completely apurt from its being unworkable. And the talks wcrc not for the purpose ofchanging thcstructurc. The Turkish Cypriot Iredcnbip was insisting that “wc arc not going to chitugc tlv struuturc bccnusr on thut WC dcpcnd for our community’s right”. Now thcj witnt to uttack it and blow it up. Ihr whole unititry SItltr. in ordsr to bring in federation. which i unworhuhlc. in Cyprus by force, preventing the Turkish Cypriots from associating with tk Greek Cypriots. 1 mentioned that and Ambassador Okay did not refute it. 79. They all have freedom of movement. The Turks walk everywhere in Cyprus cxccpt in rcxtricted military areas where no Greeks can go, The Greek Cypriots cannot cross many public roads.rmong whkn are communication roads. because they arc prohibited by Turkbh fqhten and we, for our part, do not want to use force. The United Nations tried and is trying to keep the situation calm. Wearcvcrygrateful for that. In thii report you will we that theTurkish Cypriotx are trying to break this sfufus quo in Limassot. 84. llow can this policy bc nmstructi\T or positive towards C’yprus’! I urn so glad thut Ambursador Okay brought it out in such a way that WC’ csn sccclenrly that they arc spcnking of u f&ration now. 80. WC now come to the question of federation. If we cannot have I unitary State, cm we have a federation? Ambassador Okay ix tying to ntlc out the unitary State. and federation is rukd out by the realities of the situation. A$ 1 said this morning, Lord Radcliffe was sent by the British Govermnent to examine this claim for federation. He said that he had given his best consideration to the claim put on behalf of the Turkish Cypriot community for n federated system. and aAAcd: *a . , . . But can Cyprus be organised as a federation in this way? 1 do not think xo. There is no pattern of territorial 85. WC do not want to hrrvr suspicions. but WC would like to clcnr this mnttcr up in u wtly that will hrlp the talks to progress. Now th;rt wc hu\r seen thut f&lcrution is imp&e blc. it’ the Council wunta to http Cyprus und grt rid of this problem tmd thr rxpcn\c. it h:ts to help in some way. I ruhmit, towcuds tt ujluticbn OII the hiIsis oftt unitary State, Ita. M) ~llcngur mrntioncd comphtints about the public scrvicvs. The) UK! not hd importunt, hul wc wunt to clarify the m;lttrr. First ofull. with regard to the rlrctricity uuthor= ity. it is indicated hcrc that in.1974 six new Turkish villages wcrc’ given dcctricity, Ilowcvrr public scrviccs in ‘the mclavcrs urc dillicult bcc;lusc of the obstructions put in the wity of the <ircrk Qpriot cmploycr?, in entering the k!llchnr~. H7. I huvc wn cm one occusinn, when tt trqrn went to u ‘I’urLish village in the cncht$rci-just rccmtly-thot they wcrc not ullclwcd to go in und cttrry out the public scrvicc. I bclic\c tt VW dcctticit). Thr reports d’ the Slwrctary- (icncritl spcuk of thcsc dillicultir~ in the enclaves. nn, So when the Turks complain about thcsc scrviccs. they must rcalixrr thut a lot of the ditliculties arc caused. as is mdicutcd in the Secrctury-Gcncral’ report. by the barriers in thr rmclavcs. But puritgruph 48 ofthc Sc~rctary-Gcncrcll’w rcplrt hhon* the grrut assistant givrn in drought relief by thr Ciovernmcm to thr Turkish Cypriots, and WC arc glad that that wari done. We arc glad to do it bccausc theTurkish Cypriots. the pcoplc themsclvcs, wish to live in pcacc and amity. and they xhow the best fcc~ing. But it is the policy that prcvcnts them from doing that. I did not indicate the sums that wcrc given, but they arcfgJg.000 on this occasion, fW.000 on unothcr. and so on-all assistoncc given by the Go\t!rnmcnt to the Turkish Cypriot community. UP. In rcgurd to clcrrricity. WC lind that they already owe ~‘33 million. which they do not pay. The rtrangc~t thing is that the inhabitants o! un urea ol Ajios Kasaiunos. whcrr thcrc is the Turkish Cypriot yuurtrr. hud thcirctrctricity cut off. ‘I’hcy wrnt to the clcctricity uuthority and asked why they hurl cut OR the light. It was found that the so=called Turkish Cypriot aministration had cut the light off in that whole ttrctt of Ayios Kassianos bccausc they wanted them to pay to the Turkish Cypriot administmtion the cost of the light which was provided by the Government. The Govcmmmt. which was paying for the rxpnsc of the elcvtric light. uas not puid. 111~ amount went into tttilliuns and millions, but the Turkish Cypriots ittsi*tcd OII collcctinp from the Turlri-h Cypriot\. And if they did nut pty, thr? cut off the llghl. 90. That is another amazing policy. and hcrc WC have complaints by Mr. Olcay about the electricity. But hcrc is the oficial document: Minutn 86s. liaison Committee. 92. I hove hcrc the dctailw conccrnhtg the vilktg~- in which they wrrr built: of 132 inhabitants in Morfu, not one hau been ulluwrd to return by thcTurkish Cypriot leadership: in Kyrmia. of 666 not one has rctumud. So WC have the list ofcr number of vilktgcs where the houses were repaired by the Go\crnmcnt but not one inhabitant has returned. In some cases xcvcn out of 35 inhabitants returned; in another, one out of I07 rcturncd; and so on. So that, if the rcfugccs arc nut back, it is not the Govcrnmcnt’s fault that they arc not allowed to rctum by the Turkish Cyprtot leadership. This has km reported by the Secrctary=GcncraI in previous reports. 93. I do not want to take up more time. but I would xay that all thcsc complaints arc absolutely unfoundrd ottd thry arc in fact the result of a policy of upnratirm, imposed on the Turkish Cypriots by punishment und tints. I have tuice gi\cn the list of punishment and fines imposed on Turkish Cypriots if they have any relations with Greek Cypriots or enter a Grvck shop. We have a recent document by thr so-called Turkish Cypriot Administration diving instruo tionr that no Turkish Cypriot may enter a Greek shop and that those who do are to bc marked. Now what has the intention of this pattern of policy over the years been but to create such a rift in Cyprus as to prcparc the way to thr solution to which they :re looking? 94. Now, thcrcforc, bccauu of this policy it has been customary for the Turkish rcprcscntativc in the Scctttity Council to mention the question of cnosis in order to confuse the real issue of indepcndcncc and to find some justiflcation or cxcttsc for the rystcmatic obstruction of the independent State of Cyprus and of any logical and workable solution for an independent State. 95. Turkcy’a fears of enosir arc not gcnuinc but rffectcd. Thry know very wcll,as dots cvcryonc rlsc. that enosis ix not runsidcrcd un achievable proposition and is not the aubjcct of oficial policy either by Cyprus or by Grcccc. That is why Cyprus has given itr whole heart to its indcpcndencc end ix striving for a workable and solid indcpcndencc in a viable $I; and. for the same nason, convcrscly Turkey is oppos- 96. ‘Rat Cyprus has been predominantly Greek in chum0 tcr and culture through the millrnia in an unbroken continuity is an historic reality. Thr: preservation of Cyprus as a xinglc. undivided and inagral unit is an historic responsibila ity. The natural ethnic rntiments for Grcccc of the large majority of the people of Cyprus were never conccalcd and arc well known in the United Nations. But that ix no impediment to the prcscnt state of unitary indcpcndcttcc to which Cyprus is dedicated and which it is working hard to retain. 98. I apologize for taking a little time, but since we are at the end of a I&year period we have to review the situation and clear up the matter.

The representative of Turkey has asked to be allowed to speak and I now call on him. 100, Mr. OKAY (Turkey) (IntnprrrurlonJWtt fit&r): I shall begin by quoting a great French poet: %non. cruel Ztnon ZCnon d’ElCe m’as-tu per& de cctte I&he ail&e qui vlbrc, vole et qui ne vole pas? Le son m’enfante et la I&he me tue Ah! Ic soleil . . . Quclle ombre de tonue Pour p&me, Achillc immobile i grand pas”. 104. Rut this indcpendcncc must for theGrcckabcaccompartied by a new constitution, and I say a new constitution advisedly, because theold constitution-to which Ambassador Rossida referred just now and which, he said, had nothing whatsoever to do with the federal system-if my memory does not betray me, provided for twochambers for cuch of the two communities. the absolute right of veto on the part of the VicePresident of the Republic, carefully allotted quotas of members within the Council of Ministers and absolute control over foreign policy, which, I belicvc, even applied to the appointment of diplomatic agents. Having thus demonstrated that my memory has not yet begun to show signs of decay. in so far as 1 am able to I shall attempt to reply to the arguments put forward by my friend Ambasssdor Rossida. I have very great respect for the rigours of Aristotelian thought and its profound logic. Nevertheless, I cannot refrain from recalling that it was the Gmks thcmsclvcs who began all thr vagaries of thr Greek sophists. I know that I can count on the tolera-tcc of Ambassador Rossides and his sense of humour when I say that there an sometimes nrma and fiat names rhut arc predestined. 105. I shall now come back to my text where I was raying that for the Greeks this indcpcndencc was to be occompanicd by a new constitution on the basis of a State which was described as unitary, (L State in which--and now I shall uw the Greek terminology-“the majority would make law and dictate it”. In the unitary system, then, nothing prevcntcd this majority. if the case arose. from opting for union with Greece, thus putting an end to the ephemeral independence of an island. an island which as the head of State himself avowed. and I can cite hundreds of examples of this, has never considered this indcpendcna as anything but u second-bcsr solution, a compromise. And I am quoting the words used by Archbishop Makarios-a rtagc. 101, It is dillicult for mc to understand how certain quarters which arc so ready to suspect the existence of ulterior motives when the Turks talk of a federal system designed to perpetuate the existence of a sovereign State of Cyprus within the United Nations arc not profoundly shocked, when the very existence of this State is challenged by the clear-cut and proclaimed desire ofa whole community in the same State to put an end to it, despite the no less obvious wi&o~~hcr community not to fall under the yoke of a t 106. Turkcv, however, Is bound by its contractual obligations because it honours, has always honoured and will continue to honour the princtplc of pacru smt snvondo. So I would ask Ambassador Rossides: Does your Government ~~~;Il;ound by treaties solemnly signed by Archbishop 102. Gne of the many diflicultics confronting us when we have to make a Judgcmcnt on the Cyprus problem is the incrcdibk facility with which the Greek side modifies its positions or renounces them-all except one-and I hope this does not offend Ambassador Rossides-thcattachment to enosh, to which I shall come back and which 1 shall expIaIn. I 107. As I have done on many previous occasions, I invite Ambnssador Rossidcs to tell me how he explains the fact that in the course of the intercommunal telks which were held in Cyprus for the establishment of a new constitution the, Greek side, acting, I suppose. on the authority of the ruprcmc head of State, refused to conccdr the inclusion in the new constitution of a text ollicially, dztinitivcly and clearly rejecting partition or cnosis. I should be 103. The dilemma of Turkbh diplomacy is that whilst trying to explain these changes it has to demonstrate to world public opinion that in substance nothing changes. 1 shall try to be brief. The Constitution solemnly adopted in 10 c* ._ . . . . 109. I can statcall that here in public, knowing that at Icast the Sccrrtariat is very well aware the’t everything I am now saying is in fact the truth. I shall go even further. however: I had the honour of being the Minister for Foreign Affairs of my country and as such I personally di.scusscd-as I said this morning-with U Thant the question of a resumption of negotiations which began in I%8 end had been suspcndcd, having met with total failure. I IO. That is one of the reasons why the resumption of thcsc negotiations was so long drawn out: it was precisely bccausc I myself insisted on the need to omit any prccondition to the resumption of thcsc negotiations. And by “prc-condition” I meant at the time-as I mean now-the unitary State or the basis of the unitary State. At no timcand I am sorry for Ambassador Rossidcs-have I failed right hcrc to indicate that WC, you and I, should not try to solve the problem. But cvcry time, I did say that all the possibilities of a solution should be open to those in the discussions in Cyprus and that among thcsc possibilities the f&ml possibility was not excluded. I said that.and it can be proved from the texts. Unfortunately, I do not have ull the texts of the statements I made on the live occasions when I had the honour of having been invited to speak in the Council. Ill. Conscqucntly-I am trying to find the right word hcrc-I absolutely reject the idea that I cvcr acccptcd tacitly or overtly the possibility that the basis for a unitary Stutc was the basis accepted by the Turkish Govcrnmcnt or ths Turkish negotiators in Cyprus. I am sure that alter the oratorical outbunts of Ambassador Rossida on this subject the Sc~rctariat will End it casicr to undsrstond why I have I IS. I think I urn rcpcating myself, and that is why I shall confine myself to stating how the Turk&h Govcmment conccivcs the formula on the basis of which, I hope, ncgotia= lions will bc rcsumcd on 4 June next. “The Constitution of Cyprus was based on two main principles. The one consisted in the recognition of the cxistcncc of two communities-the Greek and the Turkish- . . . who were given equal treatment, whilst the pcoplc of Cyprus us a whole and the other racial cornmunitics of whom it consisted have been conspicuously ignored. The other principle was aiming at the participttlion of each community in the exercise of the Iimctions of government snd at avoiding the supremacy of the larger community . . . assuring also an equal and partial administrative autonomy to each community”.J It is not a Turk who wrote that text. It dots give a certain insight into the conception that was underlying the 1960 Constitution. 113. I do not want to expatiate any further on the I%0 Constitution. I should like to state what the Turkish Cypriots would like to KC with respect to the l96OConstitution. It should bc a Constitution which makes Cyprus an indcpcndent Suttc, whcsc independence would bc guaranteed forcvcr, thut is to say. that no matter what may bc the dreams or aspirations for cnosis-never disguised by the highest kaders at all levels of the Greek Cypriot hiemrchythat Constitution should make it possible for Cyprus to live and remain in independence, an indcpendtnce which should bc so gcnuinc that there would be no shadow of’a doubt that the Cypriot Government was not a Greek Cypriot Govcrnmcnt in the scnsc that in certain circumstanm it would prefer to rcccivr its instructions from somewhere other than its own capital. That is our idea of a Cypriot constitution which would be appropriate rnd would reflect the aspirations of the two communities, 114. I wish to stress the point that without the Turkish community there would be no Cypriot indcpcndcnce. It is only the Turkish presence which made Cyprus an indcpendent State. If there had been no Turkish clement, there would bc no rcprcsentativc of Cyprus sitting here. because, obviously. if cvcryonc on the island had wanted what only one community wants today, the island would have ceased to bc indcpndcnt long ago. It would be a Greek province,u the head al’ State sometimes inadvertently has indicated, bccausc of the stress of the moment, in receiving Greek rcprcscntntivcs from the motherland, by saying, “I am happy to greet you in southern Greece”. I 17. In rhc \ icw of my Govsrnmcnr. that formulu dots noI include ctny rcfcrcncc to a unitary Stuw, and my Ciovcrn= mcnr cannot ncccpt any other basis than the two mcmoranda of rhc SrcrcraryGcncrol dared rt%pcctivcly Ill Wobcr 1971 and 18 May t972-no mole. no hz~. Again I shall quote from the aarcmcnt I made this morning, in #hich I Nlid thur I wished . . . . . in st;ltc most unequivocally that rhc Turkish side shares thr Sccrcrury-Gcncral’n hop ?hur the punit!% will rctum lo a consideration of the substance of the prub lrms that fact them, und reck to reach agrccmcnl on cons0tutionol arrangcmcnts Ihat will be xarisfactory to 41 canccrncd’. And it is in this spirit that theTurkish side will continue the talks when they arc rcxumcd on 4 June 1974.” 1 I7tlst metring, pura. SS.] I IX. 1 thank you, Mr. Prcxidunt. and I apolqim: for huving rukrn w much time of the Council, but I nccdcd to tukc irlmo\t as much time as my dear friend Ambassador Rasstdr% has taken. I IY. ‘I‘hc PRESIDENT I call on rhc rcprcscnrutivc of <‘!plllP.

I wax very glad to hear my diktinguishcd friend Ambassador Olcuy rccitc a French pocrn. Unfonunarrly. at the rime. my earphone was not working, and I could not relish Ihc poem. I asked around, and no one could Ml mc about it. I should like to hear it. ProbuMy hc can tell mc later on, when wc meet aursidc. C muy unwcr him wirh another poem. That ix a good idea. I think-to have a conversation in poetry. It is more plcaxanr, and it is more philosophic. I am sure thcrc was xomc philow phy in it which, owing to mechanical malfuncrion. I did not c’;IIL’)I. The rcprcscntotivc of Aulstralia was kind enough ta trj and help mc with this earphone, but il wax still nor ucarking. I do run know if thcrchanycausc for rcp1y. I hope tht the poem cnntaincd no shifting of ground.

Wcn Ambassador Rtnsidr% asks, “But Chut wns thchds if it wnsnol a unitarv St:lrc?“. I have 10 remind him that the idcn wus prcciscly &I thcrcwns no prc-nrrungcd busis. ihrrc was no prc-arrungrul brmul:l. and the negotiators had to bc frru 10 dcvisc P cr>n\tittninn which was, in the words of Ambassador R(msidl\ himself. u workahlc constitution. the hahiS of which cndd onlv h* nn cxistinp constitution thut had to hc mc~ilitx!.ul. And I rcmcmbcr that many package ckuh wwv urr;tn!sql. m;Irt\ solutions wcrr put forwurd. much pivr-an&t.rkc trr*k plittrg in rhc many ymrs during which nc~t,~iRtions~~ntlnllcu!. IW thcrc WI* ncvcr u tcrt which wid thut lhr bnst\ cd’ rhr ncgoriutions wus llic un~lory Slutc. l2H. Ambuxsudor Ro4dcs hiIs nt;my cdcmtngc*ovl*r mc; nnc of them is that a1 this v~:ry moment hc has a text in his hand. But I urn sure that more alrcful study nt whclt I llmr 121. &tllril*\,ldor 01~~ ill%> wid that an various WCs- WIFE Ix h;ld during private tulks with thcSccrctary4cncral chjcctrd to the uw 01 Ihe word* “unitary Stale”. Tho\c I2 132. Now. there is nothing wrong with a federal systcmpcr SC. There are various kinds of federrrl systems. In the United States it is not based on any ethnic criteria. But what is wunted in Cyprus is the reverse of a federation. in a sense. In a federation you lake separate entities und then you join them in II federation by a link. In Switzcrtand there were four or five diffrrent cnritics living in din’ercnt States or cantons and they joined in one federal Government. 1 iowever. in Cyprus you take one unitary State-as the map has rhown. with such an intermingled population-and try adminisrratively lo divide it, and you cannot divide it. Evcnlually you causca movement ofrhe population in order 10 lit in with that idea of an administration of a fedcrat system which is unworkable. Therefore, you take a crystal ginss, you break it in two and then you join it with a rap. 1fyou have two big crystal jars, you can perhaps join them together. but you cannot join one crystal #lass with itself unless you break it. So the purpose of a federal system in Cyprus is 16 break the unity of Cyprus, destroy it. with the concept of federation--this supposed concept of federating it. IJJ. Sullicient unto Ihe dayis Ihe evil thereoband perhaps the members of the Council now will be nble lo go tobedand dream of federation.

I give the floor to thr represenutive of Turkey.

Mr. President. Ihow who have been longer than you in the Council knov that thee are two possibilities for ending the discussions here al’ the problem of Cyprus. The last speaker is either Ambassador Rossides or myself, and it is usuatly Ambassador Rossides. Out of the five limes I have appeared here. 1 think that four times the last speaker was Ambassador Rossidrs Therefore 1 would like to try to change the pattern today because he has indicated rhat we can now go home and dream about federation. Before ping home to dream about fcdereiion. I urn going to my just a f’cw words: Ihe basis for which WC ahouid like to see Cyprus strive in the future would be one in which the Iwo communities will have cquai rights in the l’uture of the State and rhat would give (0 lhr Iwo cnmmunitic? the ussur;Lnce thar their rtulus will nor be chanpc;rhlc by u majority decision+he basic status beloqinp to the two communities. IJb. I must ulso say that in this island. u herr I know the population lives in such e mixed situation. the IWI (hn~t= tutian. which is considered. atranpi) enough. tl m&i lor a

1 call on the rcprcscntalivc of Turkey.

Ambassador Rossides has declared that whcrc thcrc is II country which may threaten with partirion, federation creates u danger. My answer is that whcrc there is a country which threatens to end its own indcpendcncc there is, for those within that country who do not want to follow whcrcvcr indepcndcnce will end. a right not to cease to bc independent and free citizcns.Thcnfore, it is a two-way street. Ambasliador Rossides quoted Shake+ pnrc. **Ail’s wcil that ends well.” I hope that the end is not here in the Security Council, that it will be decided in Cyprus for the benefit of both communities and of Cyprus es a whole. and. as a side benefit. for the bcttcrmcnt of rciations bctwcen Grcccc and Turkey.

I call on the rcprcsenlativc of Cyprus. I.%+. ‘l’hc PRESIDENT: I give the floor to the rcprcscntarive of Cypruk.

I simply want to say that perhaps in the map that WC distributed it was not stated that the population of Cyprus is 82 per cent Greek and I8 per bznt Turkish. This is perhaps something that should bc borne in mind.

I shall bc briefer than my collrupuc. If. as hcsarap. WC speak for posterity. we have to be careful shout what WC say. and we have to finish up with words for pmtcrity. IJO. Mv friend mcntioncd Belgium. Brlgium is a country whcrc Ji&cnt ethnic cntitim, the Walloons and the Fleming*. hn\~ occupied diffcrcm tcrritorics. so that they could Iend thcmsclvcs well to II fcdcration. Yet they have not P fcdcrationist constitution. But if they wanted to have it. they could bccausc they have the prerequisites for it. In Cyprus

I ussume that theconsideration of the item bcforc this meeting has been concluded. I should like to thank cvzrytrnc for the co-operation thar has been extended. I4