S/PV.2599 Security Council

1 should like to draw the attention of members of the Council to the following change in the draft msolutio.* kfore the council in document s/17291. The eighth prcambular paragraph should read as follows: 1. Adoption of the agenda 2. Letter dated I7 June 1985 from the Permanent Rep resentative of Botswana to the United Nations addressed to the Presldettt of the scfurity Council (s/17279) Y&me&&l Botswana for its unflagging adherence to the conventions relating to the status of refugees* and of stateleas pmont? and for the sacriflcea it has made and continua, to make in givitt8 asylum to victims of w-. 4. llle fti is Mr. Uddhav DC0 Bhatt, Vii Chairman of r Special Committee against &7&&i, I invi~himloteLaap~at~~~tablO~tOmaLI hits-t4 lb agenob mss &pled

Mt.&sidau,Iwiahtoextendto yOUiMtdtOtlW-dth8Ceruril,~khalfOf~ 8peclal~oopinrtI(gprrftaMaadanmyom heludf,ottr~anddtantt$lota8mvingmetc,ppnidpueinthkrneet@.IehouldalaoUketoeatatdtoyoucny -oaprrt=-w~Bd~ CoundlforIhismondt.IamconWntthatthe&uncil wiH,ttm&yo4tr*ka&rship,kabletoadopteBective menatmatoinducetheni&trCgimtofSouthAfricato aPlcf&hwithita~ and dwtabiuzation whanm agairmtln@&ntAfricanStatesanditsterrotistcam- *s people of South Africa and their libera- 1. The PRES!DBNTt In acco&nu wl&Pdeckbn takenatthe25!Wthmrttiq&IinvitetheIW&terforFord~AffaimofBot8wmtotakeaplaeattbcCoundl ta~,IinvitrthemptwamadvosofdKBahamm,tkotrmaIt lxmocmdc Rcpubuc, Laaotho. Liberia, i?ky&k, SouthAfticaandtheBudantotaketbeplacearrrtrvcdfoi thmatthesideofthccouncilehambef. A: the Invttatkm of&e &wi&btt, Mfs.9 Chiepe (lbtnwna) took a place at the cbvncu tab&: Mr. He#tm (&ham@, Mr. S&gel (Gemm lkmoeratlc RepMe), Mk. Mdkaka FsorA6), Mr. Kolb (iUberW, Ma. Gonthkr @gchdka), Mr. wn Se-g (South AjUca) ard Mr. L&i& (S&u) rwktlre~esre~fort~mar~Jdr~~c#rrdl 6. Isbould&oIiketotakeadvattta#ofthllopportunitytoconveyourdeepoppcds1ionIoIbe~tative ofTWland.whodurir#histnGimcylastmonthdC charged hi rcspdbititia wiih great distinction. Clrambcr.

I should like to inform the Council chat I have received hen from tbe nprclentntiws of Benin, Swaziland and the United RepuMi d Tanzania, in whiitbeyrequcsttobeinvitedtoparticipateinthcdiscussion of the item on the Council’s agenda. In accordance withthe~lprocticc,Ipropocc,withthe~dthc - 7. ThcGnJncilisIoday-ngIhclaIataogrrvion of the racist dgimc of South Africa aopinst Botswana in tbc aftermath of its covert military mission of&out* in n&them Angola. This latest act of atjgression took place justwhentheCo4mcilwascons&ringthequestionof Council, to invite thy representatives to panicipte in the a Namibia and the decision the Pmoria authorities to install I 8. On the morning of 14 June, members of the so-called South African Defence Force raided Botswana, killing 12 persons. including three women and a six-year-old child. and injuring six. Among the injured were a i&year-old girl and a Dutch lady. Ihe racist forces of South Africa also fired indiscriminately at passing motorists and set a number of vehicles on fire, and two Botswana citizens were injured. The dastardly act by the racist regime also resulted in the destruction of 10 targets in Gahorone, the capital of ROtSWM& 9. On I5 June, Ihe GaeruYux of London described the events, stating: “It &ems like an unpardonable act of contempt for international law, by a bully who knew he could get away with it, against one of the feast offensive countries in the world.” The newspap concluded that mere protest would have no e&t at all. 10. This naked aggression by the Pretoria r@me against civilian targets must be condemned, and punitive measures mustbcadopmltomsetthebreaehofpeaceandtbe threat to intematioaal peace and security emanating from that wanton act. Il. The Chairman of the Spcial Commhtee, Mr. J. N. Garb8,inhisstamnentlnthec!ouncUonIIJuneonthe question of Namibia [B&M nrcctlng, miterated the poeitionoftheSpecialc!ommitweonthioqualionandurged thec?auacutomkePgdtiye&etkmto~thedeffmnced theli&tr6gi~atSfJ&AfricutotkUahcdNatiMs andto~publ&opiukm. I2 Funhermore. the !@ecial Committee, through its numcrwrrrportr, &7nlhms, Belninars and otberactivitk&tISSWlUWdtbCifWIB~communityOfthc~Of resolvetomeetthethreattopeaceandsecurityinAfrica andtheworkiatku~resultingfromtheoppm&fand a~ofthe~r6gime. Wearewcllawareof the situ8tion, and 0) early as 1975, the Special Committee drewtheattentionoftheinternationafcommunityt.othe nggmsionofthemcistr@hneofSoutJ3Africaagainrt Angola’fhereforu,whikurgingtheCounciltotakefum fhCth~SOUthAf~8htat~.IWiShtO address,onbebalfoftheSpccielCommittee,aspeciaf 0ppealtotheWestemmembersofthcCounciltojoinlbe internacionnl community in its demands for effective, punitiveactionagainstSouthAfrica.ThefailumoftheCouncil tOdOptCUIllprrhetrsiVCmanditoy~UndtrChaptc~ VIIofthcChonerhorkdtoanunprrccdentedMtanceby the Premria authoritise of the United Nations and of world public opinion. 14. These aggressive acts perpetrated by the Pretoria r&ime against Botswana, as well as similar acts committed in the past against the territories of Angola and Mozambique, prove that the regime is involved in State terrorism against innocent civilians and economic targets. The Special Committee has deckred on many occasions that the regime is an international outlaw and that it has felt emboldened to commit such heinous crimes because of the protection and the backing of certain Western Governments, in particular the Government of the United States. Accordingly, while the racist regime of South Africa is the main culprit, it is high time that the international community take action against it and prohibit its collaborators from continuing to provide it with political backing and with the military and economic means to perpetuate its crimes. IS. The Special Committee believes that the @rrfheti dgime’s killing of innocent civilii of the African Nathmal Con#ess of Soulh Af&a (ANC) io related to the fact that that r6glme aumot tokrate any opposition to qmrhdd. lhe intensifkation of the struffgle by the peopfe ofSouthAfricainsidetheircountrytodismantkthediaboliisystemofupPnkzMposmathreattother&fmeand itsfalse~ooacemiqe its dorm& nlousandI3 of workcre,stt&tsendpsOpkfiomallatherseg=n@d thepoputetionareenga@inarensdbattJetohberute their awntry and to exe&e their right to self- . . daenn#rawninaunited,democmtkandnon-racial South Africa. Their stru& d the support and sohdadty of the intentatkmml community. Any attempt by the rt$rr~~brutefometocrushthestrugglemut~ . 16. Inconclurion.Iwish,onbchaffoflheSpecialCommhtee,Iour#ethefotlowirtgmeasurestocolmtertbiscrfminal set by the Pmtoris r@hne: --Wrst, the condemnation, in unequivocai terms, of iiK mcistr6gimeofSoufhAfricaforitsgmesomeactof terrorism; -Secondly, the adoption ofcomprehensivtand mandatory amaiona against South Africa under Chapter Vff of the Charter and, in prtkulat, the enforcing of the amM embargo impord by Security Council nxdulion 41% -Thirdly, the extension of moral and material support to the victims of this aggression and, in particular, the commendation of the Government and people of Eotswana for their sacrifices in support of the struggle of the people of South Africa; 23. The reasons given by Pretoria actually do not differ much from those 8iven in nearly all the previous similar criminal acts of terrorism against neighbouring States. Once again, General Viljoen of the South African Armed Forces announced that there had been a successful preemptive strike against bases of the ANC. Threatening a repetition of the treacherous nocturnal assault unless BotSwana removed the alleged remaining terrorists, the General of the racist r&me’s forces ascribed numerous act3 of violence in South Africa to refu8m living in Botswana. AS usual, the General displayed a rocket launcher and a gun drawn from his array of arscnalo in an attempt to justify his country’s invasion of Botswana, which he stated had been postponed for clclse to thr .m years for political considerations. The General’s arrog. . utterance3 to newSmen were soon followed by another attempt by the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Information of South Africa, Mr. Rotha, at explaining why his country invaded Botswana. His efforts at explanation are contained in document S!!?2g2. It is claimed in that document. among other things, that some 36 acts of terror and violence in South Africa had been planned and executed from Botswana within the preceding I I months. For these and other reasons, the South Aftican army had to invade Botswana and murder the tiled ANC tetrorist3. -Fourthly, the reafirrmation of the solidarity with and support for the people of South Africa and their liberation movements, the ANC and the Pan Africa&t Congte3s of Axania. 17. The United Nations has a special responsibility to the people of South Africa and should take action to protect them from the outlawed act3 of the racist r&imc and to provide them with moral and material support. This issue is of the utmost urgency because it involves a threat to the lives of innocent pople. Action cannot be delayed any longer. 18. ‘Ike PRESIDENT: lltc next speaker is the tuprescntative of Lesotho. I invite him to take a pIace at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. Pmsldent, a few days ago you URIP kind enough to allow my delegation to appear kfote the Council on the urgent question of Namibia. Let me therefotu agtln add my &Iegmion’a felicitationstothosce~toyouearlier,aswellaetothc Pre?3i&nt for the month of May. 24. But who were these terrorists who were killed? What was their identity7 They included a six-year-Id boy-1 repeat, a six-year-old citizen of Lesotho-Peter Kamohelo Mofoka, who was in Gatuuone visiting his aunt, Mrs. Machobane, the wife of a South African refu8ee. Ilte aunt report3thattheboyscreamedbecarwhcwasterrlfiiby the raided madbgmnmg of her husband. llte soldiers rricdinvaintoquictthcboy,whokeptcyingootloudly. ‘Dteyt?mtcovemdhlmwithhisbIankettomufIIehisvolce, butatmoydthathisvokegmvlouder*theyriddkdhls bodywithbttIletsandthtwsucc&edhssikncinghimfor ever.WertItlsboyaterro&7Leaothobltterlytnoumsthe desthoFhersonandheemadtarran~menetohavehb bOdyfWtYtdtOhii mo&rNnd for burial at a resting pIacenrmtdforaIlEa3othovictimsofSouthAfrica’s mclsm, mw and State terrorism. 20. onthatearlierocc&m, IaIIudcdcotheactsof 8ggESSiOtt~~COmIttittCditlbOthAttgOI8d~ tSW6It8bySOUthAf~.I8UtgCXC8fUl,sJr,tIt8tyOUh8VC ottceagainpmnictedtmtotakeparcitttlte-tion bytIteCouncllofthedtttationpromptedbythe&tvmion oftkR8pubucofRomwmtabysmtthAhice 21. 1thasItowkotttcanf&uknowltodl membmofthechnciItItattmitsofcItesoutbAfriatn armycmesuItIteBotswatmbordaronl4Jttneatabout oatO’CbCkiIttItCtUOdttg8DdtttbXkdiCS~oabo ronc,ttttddg#wlpapk,iacIudittgwwteIt,chiklml andrhgeea.cond~inthedarkafaisbt,theraidaIso HtCCdVCdtMt8gCtOpropecty.AdetailcdiiiZECtOf8~*~~bythr- 25. Wehavebeeninformedthatthaeso-calledterroti3ts incIudalgouthAfrlcanref~,aDutchcitimnanda IbmaIi. Wemoumforalltbmewholosttheirlivesintbis mid. We mourn also for Kamohe& andltmnyother LugbtersandsonsofLuotbowhofellpreytoSouth Africa’s tmneighbourly acts. We are duty-bound to seize this opportunity to report futlher that South Africa has nottriedtocomplywlthSecmityCouncilreaolution527 (1982). nor made any attempt to pay the stipulated compemation for damage to life and propetty msulting from that aggmuive act of 1982 a8ainst my country. urforFmignAfhhofBomumf~~~]atthe tegiImingofthisdebateonthissad~inthehbtory dsoutbemAfrica.Inagmttmanymspects,tM~ inG&cuorwandtbeinvnionofBacrmYammmmsant ofrevnolotherdmilarcriminalactsbythemclstr@ne against ita neighbours, includitt8 my own anmtry in 198;2. 22. Iltisbnottheflf3ttimetlmtthecotnk5lhasbeen mquestedtocon&krSouthAfrica’sgrouvioIatiatoftIK Charter by invading one of its sovereign nelghboun. a §tatettlemkrdthe~tion.Rccordrofsuchbrtrbarous attack3 abound and include repeated tition3 of 26. Kamohelo Mdoka, our latest young martyr, pmrsonifmwhathasbmndescribedbyPtetoriaastheincreasin8 27. There is hardly a week that goes by without South African courts prosecuting people for the ongoing riots and disturbances. In all these court proceedings. not one has involved across-the-horder incursions from Botswana. It is true that South Africa is facing considerable internal problems emanating from its racial policies, but none of the riots and violence can be explained by imagined it& trations from Botswana, Lesotho or any other neighbouring country. If anything, Minister Rotha’s account of contacts with his counterpart in Gaborone shows that there was no justification for South Africa to use force against Botswana. The Governments of the two countries have been in continuous dialogue on a variety of issues affecting their relations. As General Viljcen said, the invasion of Botswana had long heen decided upon and had been postponed for years. 28. Botswana has over the years hosted thousands of refugees. The majority haw been South Africans and Namibians. As documents of the Council show, these refugees have comprised students, youths, single adults and families. Some are in schools. others are self~mployed or accommodated in refugee settlements. Missions of the Secretary-General have visited Botswana each. year and repotted both to the Security Council and to the General Assembly on the refugee population in Botswana. In all the reports on those visits, the Republic of Botswana was never found to have any foreign bases. Starting with document s/12421 of 26 &toher 1977, down through the years to the latest report pmczt&g the libetation of Zimt&nve, Rotswana never had and still does not have any such base. 25% It will k medal that Botswana made a solemn undataking on its attainment of indepemknce that it wouldnotandcouldnotallowLtmitorytok~asa sanctuaryforgtter&a&itksagahtstitspoweffulneighbour,southAfIiea.Thkundatakingwasnpcetedthis momingbytkhKnkerforFore@A%imofRots~. Theteishardlyayearthatgoesbywithoutvariatstupterntatives of the Rotswana owcmmcnt npcatined reafiirming thii cardinal principle and commitment. R+ tswanahasnoANCguerritlaaanywherewithinitabotvkm. The ANC neva claimed to hm any in that county either. The fact bthatRotswm&likeLesotho,zambia*2ztnbabwe and other count&a, does grant political asylum and will continue to extend mfuge to thousands of South Africans, regardku of race, who tlee their country for freedom from tyranny and permcution by qmw&id. 3c. . . W.,.ww.” Y. “ab w” qm*u4**rp %i!dicltddr~~iteiiiii~ nixing that South Africa last week sent troops to Gabo rone not to kill ANC guerrillas engaged in plots, but to murder innocent mfqRes, Rotswatta nationatsandcitii of countries like my own, whik asteep. The intetuion was toterrorixetheRotswaMpopheccandlilrcothsb tswana peopk to close their doors to fugitives from injuc 31. We have repeatedly warned the world community that South Africa pursues a policy of destabilizing its neighbours and hence desires no peace in southern Africa. The South African army occupies parts of Angola and has lately conducted acts of sabotage in that country. A few days ago. the Council focused on decades of South Africa’s defiance of the United Nations in its refusal to end its illegal occupation of Namibia. The Council has just concluded its consideration of the Angolan complaint against South Africa. 32. At the risk of sounding monotonous, my delegation once more pleads with those members of the Council that have influence over the rulers in Pretoria and Cape Town to exert pressure on the racist regime to desist from their resumed policies of destruction. Some permanent members of the Council have maintained close bonds of friendship and alliance with South Africa against peoples of African descent. They can do more than utter empty statements of abhorrence and condemnation of their racist friends. We appeal most earnestly for positive action to end this genocidal adventurism on the African continent. 33. In conclusion, we join the many delegations that have spoken &fore us in the appeal to the Council to restrain South Africa from Routing international law and from its putsuit of terrorism in southern Africa.

We are nearly at the end of our debates on southern Africa, Sii, and my delegation is privileged to have worked under the Minister for Fomign Atfairs of Trinidad and Tobago, to whom we wish to pay a more than deserved tribute for the essentially positive results we have ken ahk to obtain, notwithecanding some pdictft- Me ditRctdties. You, Sir, have taken up the presidential responsibilities with the traditional open-mindafness whkh marks the diplomacy of Trinidad and Tobago and whichisaconatantf~unofyourgcraonalandprofe!+ sionalamduct. 35. It gives mc pleasure to welcome to tk Council the lidlnkm for Foreign AfTairs of Rotswana. My dekgation would ask her to convey to ha Gov~;m~~ fraternal sympathy of the Government RepublicofM&@scarforthekmaofhumanlifecaused by tk recent South African aggreaaion. 36, At this morning’s meeting, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Botswana made a moving appeal on behalf of the refugees from aparfheki and of the policy to which Rotswane is committed, along with a harsh, enlightening hJ.4*.4.bt =f a+&u -..A s .L 01*-- -LA-‘” -----‘I ,” wly V. ..h . .C.“,Ia rc&a,arc J yaPH# ces towards its neighbours. We are particularly grateful to her for this, and our present contribution to the debate will be confmed to a few additional observations. 37. We hew muched tk point wkn Swth Africa wanted us to be: after repeated acts of aggression, it had 44. Our reply to South Africa must be llrm and unequivocal; this would pay a tribute to Botswana for its devotion to its international political and humanitarian obligations, for its courageous commitment to the common struggle against qmrtheki and for ita desire to live in peace in that troubled tegion. 38. South Africa’s natvety is matched by its cynicism, and this time the apartheid regime chose as its victim a peaceful, defenceless State which must, unfortunately, make the best of an unfavourable, even hostile, political and economic environment, but which, owing to its geographic position, its traditions and its international and regional commitments, must also be a land of refuge for those who have chosen no longer to suffer under apartheid.

Only yesterday the Council heard the complaint made by Angola against South Africa, and the Council adopted its resolution 567 (1985), in which it strongly condemned South Africa for its tamwed, intettsiftt, ptemeditatal and unprovoked acts of aggression, which constitute a flagrant violation of the soveteignty and territorial integrity of Angola and seriously endanger intematlonal peace and security. 39. Moreover, it is easy for the Pretoria regime-with the encouragement of those who in these last years of the twentieth century persist in an outmoded ideological crusade-to accuse the ANC, the liberation movement which is followed by the oppressed African masses, of having perpetrated 36 acts of so-called terrorism planned and carried out from Botswana. Our fiit reaction is that the racist regime has no right to speak of terrorism, especially in connection with legitimate opposition to its wayward policies, and that the r&&e is guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation. Our second reaction is that as long as the apmtheid system persists. with its train of brutality. 46. Today I am compelled to speak in order to express Thailand’s position on the latest aggression by South Africa, thii time against the Republic of Botswana. My delegation, together with the rest of the international community, learned with grave concern of the military attack by South Africa against the capital of the neighbouring country of Botswana which resulted in the loss of lives of innocent civilians, including childten, in Gaborone, as well as damage to property there. ture, and elimination of embarrassing wit&.ses, the ANC has the right to rebel and, if necessary, torenorttotheuse of weapons to reply to violence and repression. 47. ‘lItis morning wt heard the detaikd account of the incident given us by the Minister for ForeiSn Affairs of the Republic of Bmmvana. 1 cltould like to take this opportunity to convey to her the warm raspect of my delegation. 40. The premeditated, unprovoked armed attacks carried out by the Retoria r&ime against neighbouring African States are without question deliberate, flagrant and ntpeated violations of the Chaner of the United Nations and run counter to the eatablialted norms of intematiottal law and the Declaration on the Inadmissibiliiy of Intetvention and Interference in the Internal Affairs of States. As I said yesterday with regard to the complaint of Angola, we must draw the necetwatyconclusionsifweareloyaltothe credibility and effectiveness of tk United Nations in get+ eral and of the Security Cciuncil in p&ctdar. 48. TlterewaeapasmtgeintheatatenutttoftheMinii for Foreig A&in of btswamt which struck my de@+ tion at3 be& qednlly rcIcw3ttt to our dcKberations, and I shalltherefotequoteit.shesal~ “Weha~hmgwam6dtltatthepcatibmofraciam willcoasmneusaKlntbs~lfltioellowedtogoott ttnchaMttotakb Qpinst the front-line StatawiKbr&tg&uthAfrlctt,ortltetegiottasawhole, nauertoe&ation.!lalvationliesa&lyinputtlngan ettdonctforalltoUtebrm&iesofupanRridin&nuh AfGcasotlmttherctikttomoreSowetoe,Uitcn- :mgrr, sharpvilla, latqp and the test, no more tefugca8catteiedttllo+ertheu&otttinentandtheworld at large rating to tetum to their country at all costs.” ws&A memfl prino. 40.1 41. FOI the present. we have the duty to respond to the request of the Republic of Ebtswatta that jut&e be done. It is in that spirit that, along with the delegations of Rurkina Faso, Egypt, India, RN and Trinidad and Tobago, we have introduced draft resolution S/17291. 42. We unreservedly condemn all acts of aggression, provocation, harassment, terrorism and destabilixation committed by the Pretoria regime against Botswana. We demand that South Airw not hide -behind the iacr tiii no non-aggression pacts exist between itself and certain of its neighbours in order to continue to commit such acts. 49. My delegation con&den that the unprovoked attack against Rotswarm constitutes yet another serious violation . - -^.4-.. ^..A of dii arrs,*,y,r, O.&u U,..*“‘laJ .s...y..J Y. s. . .._...I_. .uri....&.l ;r.rrriru nr a u-kp. State. 50. Allow me to take this opportunity, therefore, to express my delegation’s full support for Botswana and our syttt@ytothebetvavadfamiliosofthela#tvictimsof Ptetoria’s aggrmakm and callous disregard for the princi- 43. We hope that the mission that the Secretary-General win detail :o Rotswana ti enable the intematiotml cornmunity to provide assistance to that country so that it may 51. My delegation strongly condemns South Africa’s lawless action against Botswana and demands that the Pretoria regime desist forthwith from further aggressive acts against the front-line and other sovereign States. Consequently, my delegation will support the draft resolution contained in document s/17291. as orally revised.

The next speaker is the representative of the Sudan, who wishes to make a statement in his capacity as Chairman of the Group of Arab States for the month of June. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

We are pleased to participate in the Council’s deliberations once again under your wise presidency, Sir, and we wish to renew our expression of thanks to you and the other members of the Council for affording my delegation an opportunity to speak in the Council on behalf of the Group of Arab States during its consideration of the latest act of aggression perpetrated by the Government of South Africa against civilian targets in Gaborone, the capital of Botswana, on 14 June 1985. 54. This morning we listened to the comprehensive statement delivered by the Minister for Foreign ABairs of Botswana, in which she detailed the damage resulting from the treacherous attack against Gaborone-an act of aggression that msulted in the death of 12 persons, including women and children; 6 wounded, the burning of some buses and the destruction of some homes and other properties. 55. South Africa’s latest act of aggression against Betswana is but n link in a long chain of plots and planned acts of aggression directed against Botswana and the other front-line stares. South Africa previously attacked Maputo. the capital of Mozambique, in January 1981; then again in May and in October 19.83. It attacked Maseru. the capital of L.esotho. in December 1982 and yesterday we listened to the Minister for FOR@ Affairs of Angola, who detailed acts of aggression by South Africa against his country since its independence. To that we must also add the occupation of Namibia and the exploitation of its wealth, the practice of the policy of-&u, the killing of innocent Africans and the imprisonment of thousands of militants. all that in flagrant defiance of Security Council and General Assembly resolutions and in gross violation of the Charter of the United Nations, the principies of international law and the Universal LWaration of Human Rights. 56. After perpetrating all those crimes, the represemative of the Pretoria tCgime had the effrontery to speak in the Council, as he did yesterday and last week, of the inalienable principles of international law and of the fact that Touth Africa is convinced that the problems of our region cannot . , . be solved by violence”. 58. It is clear that the military operations undertaken by national liberation movements are being planned and executed from inside South Africa itself. llte marches and demonstrations are all being planned and executed from within South Africa itself. Therefore, when South Africa failed to stifle the flames of revolution, when it failed to silence the freedom fighters, it resorted to the perpetration of its latest acts of aggression against Botswana and the other front-line States. 59. Those recurring developments, as well as the repeated acts of aggression berng perpetrated against the front-line States and the peoples of Namibia and South Africa, all clearly demonstrate that the Pretoria Govemment is indeed the source of aggression and terrorism in southern Africa. They show that its policies and practices threaten international peace and security. because of that Government’s insistence on the heinous policy of apartheid and its insistence on occupying Namibia. 60. llterefore the Council must condemn South Africa for its act of aggression against Botswana. It must demand that South Africa cease its violation of Botswana’s independence and territorial integrity. It must impose sanctions a&tst South Africa in accordance with Chapter VII of the Charter. The international community must intensify its effotts to boycott South Africa and expose the crimes it ppctrates and the racist policies it follows. It mustdbs0inordettoisolatethatrCgimeandforccitto abandon its policies that have led to instability in the r&on, prevent reaching a peaceful solution of the question of Namibia and l litttirtation of the policy ofqplmheid, and have further hampered the efforts of the front-line States to devote their energies to development and enjoy their rawrccs. 61. For that mason, we must also sum the front-line States milii, materially and politically, so that they may confront South Africa’s aggression and protect their land and int@y. That was emphasii by the ~xtmordinary Ministerial Meethrg of the Co-ordirmting Bureau of Non-Aligned Countries, held at New Delhi from 19 to 21 April thii year, when it said in the Final Document: -lltc Bureau undemcom the special position and role of the Frontline &a&s of Southern Africa in the stru& against South Africa. The continuing solidarity andsuppoRoftht#da(esremainaJInequo~for success in international efforts to liberate Namibia as also the majority of !+outh Africans themselves. The Bureau rPlutes the Frontline States for their steadfast support to the Namibian cause. It renews the Movement’s pledge of support to the Frontline states. It notes the prediiment in which some of these states which are particuhvly vulnerable find them&es, and 62. In conclusion, we wish to reaffirm the Arab States’ full support for Botswana in its elforts to defend its territory and indrpendence. We particularly commend Botswana’s support for. and granting of asylum to, the victims of apartheid. We strongly condemn the act of aggression perpetrated by the racist Pretoria regime against Gaborone. 69. The unjustilied and wanton act of aggression committed on 14 June against the capital of Botswana by a State that continues to defy this organization natumlly deserves international condemnation. But it should also cause the Council to be legitimately concerned about genuine tespect for the principles contained in the Charter, the validity of the resolutions that the Council adopts, the limits of the action and the credibility of the United Nations in general.

The Chinese delegation listened carefully to the forceful complaint made by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Botswana about South Africa’s attack on Gaborone. We entirely support the solemnly stated position of the Government of Botswana and its just demands. The Chinese delegation expresses its indignation over the barbarous acts of South Africa in attacking a peace-loving, neighbouring State, murdering and wounding innocent people, including women and children, and destroying houses and cars. 70. My country deplores South Africa’s new act of armed aggression, which flagrantly prejudices Botswana’s sovereignty, independence and temtorial integrity and the inviolability of its frontiers. We also vigorously uphold and support Botswana’s right to receive appropriate and adequate compensation for the damage caused. 64. On I5 June, a spokesman of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement saying tltat tlte Chinese Government and People strongly condemned the South Aftiean authorities for carrying out actr of aggtession against Botswana and tltat China profoundly sympathized with, and supported, the struggle of the Government and people of Botswana to safeguard their independence, sovereignty and terrltotial integrity. On 17 June, the Chinese delegation reiterated that position in the Council, and I shall not repeat it now. 71. Finally. my country expresses its genuine concern over the constant repetition of actions that every tlme they are committed make even more diEcult the exercise of the legitimate right of the countries of soilthem Africa to live in peace and in conditions of independence and genuine, legal equality that allow them to achieve their well-being in the best possible conditions. 72. It is our hope that the Government of South Africa will rdlcct on the matter and UndmDand that it is not ethical or useful to continue obatlnately alienating both its own people and the intemationa! community. 65. The Chinese dele!#ion believe, that South Africa’s latest invasion of Botswana, at a time when the Cotmcll was considering tlte question of Namibia, not only violated Botswana’s national sovereignty and territorial integrity but also constituted an open provocation of the intematlonal community and the Council. Therefore, the Cotmcil should adopt elkctive measures to put an end to South Afrka’s trampling underfoot the Charter of tlte U&al Nations and tk norms of intcmational law. The Chinac delegation entirety sttp~orts the draft mo!ution sub&ted by the non-&~ members of the Council. 73. ‘Ihe PRESIDENT: llte next speaker is the repmsentetivrofSouthAftica.IinvitchimtotsLeaplaoeatthe Council table and to make ltis statement. 74. Mr. von SCHIRNDING (Sotttb Africa): As I have litmtdtothc~ofthkdebatc,ithaubctomc increaah@y apparent to me that this meeting ofthe atutcllhasbeenca!!edtocmatedtelmPmalonint!veintemational community that the South African Defence Force’s operation against ANC targets-1 rrpat, ANC targetsat Gaborotte on 14 June was somehow intended, as the onke of the Prcsidcnt of Botswana would hate us belicvc, M& ztir.fn brutality and violence perpetmta! by the Gc3vmmlt. and that this was particularly dep!ombk considering the repeated assurances of the Botswana Govemnmt that it does not permit its territory to be used for launching attacks against neighbouring countries. 66. I should like to take thla oppottunity to reiterate that the position of the Chinese Government on the question of southern Africa has ken clear and consistent. Botswana and the other Al&m countries can rest assured that the Chinese Government and a billion Chinese People stand at their side, as in tbe past, and support their just &rug& to safeguard their national &gnty and territorial integrity and their opposition to -heid and South Africa’s a-on. 75. Well, the facts are somewhat difierent. ihe true state of affairs leading up to the events in Gaborone is contained in tk statement issued on I4 June by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of my country, which was circulated in document S/17282. In addition, Minister Botha dispatched a message to the Botswana Minister for Foreign Affairs on 20 June, in which he expressed regret at the loss

For the third time in only a few days tlte Council is meeting to examine a serious situation created in southern Africa and to listen to the representative of a Member State that has suffered the violation of tk elementary rights enshrined in the Charter of tk United Nations and in age-old civilized practice. 76. Mr. Botha went on to observe that he trusted that the Minister would reciprocate the sentiment in respect to the lives of the innocent people killed and murdered in South Africa as a result of ANC terrorism emanating from Botswana. Mr. Rotha further informed Miss Chiepe that, after the signing of the Accord of Nkomati [S/16&V of30 March 1984. annex Ij. the ANC decided to concentrate on Botswana in seeking new bases for launching its terrorist attacks against South Africa. In the course of 1984. the ANC availed itself of its otlicial political presence in Bc+ tswana and, by way of a secret communique to all ANC members in Botswana, placed them on full-scale armed alert and established large caches of arms and ammunition in Botswana. The Botswana Government must surely be fully conversant with these facts. 77. The Botswana Government-the Minister for Foreign Affairs of my country, added in his communicationhad repeatedly been urged by the South African Govemment and the South African security authorities to curtail the activities of the ANC inside Botswana and in particular the planning and execution of terrorist activities in South Africa from Botswana. ‘Jlte Botswana Government had, moreover, on a number of occasions had its attention drawn to the infiltration of ANC terrorists into South Africa from third countries through Botswana. and the Botswana Government was requested to take appropriate measures to prevent this infiltration. 78. However, the Botswana Govmunen t was not able to reach an acceptable undemmnding with tJtr South African Government on the combattug of acts of terror agahtst South Africa from Botswana. South Africa, themfore, made it clear that it reserved the right to take steps to prevent acts of terror and sabotage from being pJanned and executed from neighbouring States. 79. As Minister Botha pointed out, pmee and stability in southern Africa cannot be rl&tai& if terror&s intent on the overthrow by force of a sovereign Govrmment are harboured in the territory of a neighbouring State, be it with or without that State’s knowkdge or consent. g&t a situation is obviously untenable. 80. It has always been the South African Government’s belief that the problems of the southern African mgion should be solved by the leaden of the region. And it was for that reason that earnest appeals were made to the Eotswana Government to give attention to this probJem with a view to reaching an u&mtanding on effective and practical arrangements between the security forces of South Africa and Botswana to ensure that the territory of neither -*as used for the pianning or execution of acts of sabotage or terrorism against the other. 81. since August 1984. the ANC has&n responsible for 36 acts of terror and violence which were planned and executed from Botswana. During that ~teriod, six persons were murdered and extensive damage was caused to a 82. Minister Botha further drew the attention of the Botswana Minister for Foreign Atfairs to the fact that the actions of the ANC in Botswana cannot be reconciled with the public statements of the Government of Botswana to the effect that it would not allow its territory to be used for the purpose of committing violence against its neighbours. Although the Botswana Government stated that it had limited the ANC to a political oftice in Botswana, the action of 14 June 1985 confirmed the existence in Gaborone of operational ANC centres dealing with logistics and the gathering of information for the purpose of planning and committing violence and sabotage in South Africa. Thus, for example, among the persons who lost their lives in that operation were persons involved in bomb attacks and other forms of violence in South Africa. Further evidence of the violent intentions of the ANC operating from Botswana is provided by the discovery of a huge arms cache in Gaborone, subsequently confirmed by the Rotswana Government on 26 April 1985. Certainly these facts refute the claims to refugee status made on behalf of the ANC. They speak, 1 submit, for themselves. 83. Finally. allow me to quote from an address which my State President made to the South African Parliament on 19 June 1985. President Botha said: “Ignoring the incontrovertible evidence as to the actions and plans of ANC terrorists in Botswana. they are portrayed as ‘freedom fighters’ or ‘refugees’ in emotional attacks against the alleged tyrannical rule of the South Aftim Government. Measure which we are taking within the framework of established principles of international law to protect our population and our property are decried as violations of the sovereignty of other States. In other words, Botswana has the sovereign right to harbour terrorists and South Africa is expected to sit back and dlow those terrorists to cross our bordetx and kill our citizens with impunity. My Government does not accept this warped concept of sovereignty. And if the Western countries were true to the norms and standards which they insist on and which they aJ@y in similar circumstances, then they would agree with my Government. It is and remains the res~nsibility of each Government to ensure the security of its peopk. My Government will not abdicate this resfKmsibility. “It is simply unacceptabk to us that our neighbours pay lip-service to the principle that States should not make their territories available for the launching of terrorist attacks against their neighbours while at the same time harbouring terrorists in their countries.” President Rotha concluded a follows: ‘On behalf of the South African Government, I once again other to all our neighbours a hand of friendship and a readiness to come to an understanding on the basii of certain ground rules which in my opinion ought 84. Although South Africa is committed to resolving its differences with its neighbours by peaceful means, we will not hesitate to take whatever action is necessary for the defence of our peoples and for the elimination of terrorist elements. it is for the Government of Botswana to decide whether it is in its own interest. and in the interests of the region as a whole, that it should continue to harbour ANC terrorists on its soil or whether President Botha’s ground rules for peaceful coexistence, which we enumerated in the Council as recently as yesterday, do not provide the best assurances for peace and stability in our region. 90. The upurtheid regime has no retionable cause to fear Botswana. Indeed, if it threatens South Africa in any manner or form, it is because Botswana represents the values of democracy, human dignity and decency, the upholding of which runs counter to the philosophy of Boer racism. The r&me fears the black people of South Africa, those angry victims of upartheid. It is they who justly threaten and will finally destroy the institutions and the ideology of apartheid. For the savagery and unacceptability of the apartheid system itself makes opposition to it inevitable. The South African racists and their benefactors in the West know that the rest is propaganda. They equally know that no frequency or magnitude of attacks against the neighbouring countries will create safety for apartheti. 85. As for the ANC, the message is crystal clear: if they attempt to strike at us, we will strike back-wherever they may lurk.

The next speaker is the representative of the United Republic of Tanzania. 1 invite him to take a place at the Council table and to rake his statement. 91. The attack against Gaborone provides further proof, if any were needed, that, contrary to the propaganda campaigns about its socalled goodwill, the r6gime in Pretoria remains obstinate. Indeed, how cynical of a terrorist regime to keep suggesting that the problems of our region cannot be solved by violence, when in fact violence is its only means of exisunce. It represses and aggn%ses against millions, imprisons r:;~usands and even kills hundreds. It is the upa&etd rtlgime which perpetuates violence. The very nature of apwtheid is violent. The talk of the so-called cross&order violence is but an attempt to rationalize its continued acts of aggression against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its neighbours. 87. Mr, FOUM (United Republic of Tanzania): On the morning of the 14th of this month, at a time when the Council was considering the ongoing aggression by the upurtheid r&itne against the people of Namibia, that r&me sent its murderous forces into Botswana. Under the cover of darkness, it visited death and destruction upon innocent South African refugees and other innocent civlliana. The casualty count stands at 12 dead and sevetal wounded. The material damage has yet to be assessed fully. This unprovoked dastardly attack against a peaceful neighbour is a clear mattifestatlon of the r@ime’s intention to step up its campaign of military aggre&n agahtst its neighbours. That was reallimted only a few minutes ago in arrogant fashion. 88. That the attack was planned and executed to coincide with the Council’s co&detation of the r@nte’s ongoing aggmslon in Namibia and against Angola also speaks of the regard South Africa has for the Council. Indeed, if those habitual apologists for the regime in the Council need any proof of the duplicity and bad faith of aprmhefd, hey should look no further. South Africa has demonstrated once more that there are no bounds to its viciousness in defence of racism. We condemn this latest escalation of aggression in Botswana. 89, That the u+r&eiif regime should talk about peace and commit aggression at the same time is not to be unexpected, for, while the tactics of that regime may change from time to time relative to the requirements of dealing with its neighbours, neither its objectives in the region nor the political reality inside South Africa have changed. South Africa’s basic objective, whether in its dealings with 92. We, the front-line States, continue to believe that the system of uFr&f/ is as brutal and immoral as it is irredentist. It follows, therefore, that any means of its sustenance is equally immoral and perpetuates brutality. Tlte overwhelming majority of the world community share with us this conviction. as well as the resolve to work for the weakening and fmally the destruction of that scourge of racism. In this endeavour we realize that. due to our proximity to the enemy, we will endure the brunt of the wrath of the upurtheid regime. As internal resistance consolidates and external opposition mounts, the regime will become more and more desperate and increasingly aggressive. It is imperative, therefore, that those more powerful, with leverage over South Africa, should desist from appeasing the racists and should take a firm stand against ..,. I, m ___.. . ..* L. ,, ___ L ________ 1 * ___-_ upurrnetu. inmu, n,,lcil Sll”“,” IW, UT yrq.Krs”. AW dC0 of aggression. not to mention its evils, should not be rationalized. and neither should its obstruction of the independence of Namibia. 93, The Council has on numerous occasiorrr ken prevented from adopting effective measures against that 94. Engagement with South Africa-corrptructive or otherwise-is an engagement with racism. It is wrong. It assumes that upurtheid is rational and can thus listen ta reason. But, as the murderous record of that r&me demonstrates, it is irrational and vicious. It cannot be engaged into change with kindness. Certainly it cannot be destroyed by a policy of appeasement. 95. We renew our appeal to the proponents of that policy to abandon it. They should hear the cry of agony of the widows and widowers, the OQhans and the maimed, ad victims of apmheid, They should hear the cry of anger of the masses of the people of South Africa. Time bought for South African qrtheti is time for more suppression, more misery and more death. Tltey should hear the voice of the victims of aggression in Botswana, in Angola, in Zimbabwe, in Mozambique and in the Seychelles. 96. The front-line States will contimr to fulfil their noble duty of giving full support to the people of South Africa and Namibia in their struggle for freedom and justice. Equally, we shall continue IO fulfil our international obligations to give asylum to refugees fleeing the brutality of apartheid. To do so is consistent with international law and a specific requirement under the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees’ and the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons? We will do so in full recognition of the fact that no peace and security can prevail in southern Africa until Namibia achieves indew dence, untii the uporriwid r&me stops its campaigns of aggression and, above all, until the evil system ofupurtheid is eliminated. We believe that this can be achieved. not through accommodation with apurtheid~ but through its isolation and ostracization. We will continue to demand that the Council take effective action, specifically under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. 98. In conclusion, I wish to read out a message from the President of my country, Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere. addressed to President Masire of Botswana, following that attack. The message reads: ‘On behalf of all the people and of the Government of Tanzania, as well as on my own behalf. I wish to convey to you and to your Government and people our horror at the dastardly attack on Botswana by the South African racists yesterday. ?he completely unprovoked aggression against a small and peaceful neighbour whose only offence is that it stands for decency and humanity is yet another exampk of the evil and aggre&e nature of the upurtheid rceimc. “Ever since independence the Botswana Government has made two things quite clear both to the enemies and the friends of apurthe&i. The lirst is that it is l’undamentally opposed to racism, will continue to say so and will observe the international conventions respecting the reception and care of dugecs from the -State as well as any other area. The second is that Botswana istmabletoaUowitste&orytobeusedasabasefor theoppmitionforccsofthepeopkofSouthAfrica. ‘l’he liberation movements know your position and have respected your decision. The South Africans know it and have never accepted your decision. For the existence of a peaceful and proipraeive non-racial State on its borders is a demomtration to the Smith African e of the meaning of real freedom and indepen- ‘Wte -the&t r&rime, therefore, continues its efTort.5 of pressuring Botswana into becoming its puppet and into acting 8s its poliaman along your common L.-d. uwuw. To iheir eirrnai credit.’ ihe Eoiswana peopie and their Government have reacted with great courage and refused to succumb to these attacks on their own human and national integrity, “Yesterday’s raid was a terrible escalation ofthe pressure, reinforced by the qmrthed r&in&s threat to IO “I ask you to accept and to convey to the bereaved and the injured in particular, but also to all the people of Botswana, our sincerest condolences and sympathy. We continue to stand in solidarity with your struggle to uphold the freedom and dignity of your country and of all human beings. 103. The Council, as we have proposed earlier, should take effective comprehensive measures against the racist r&me, including measures provided for in Chapter VII of ‘the Charter of the United Nations. “We also call upon the whole international community, and particularly all the friends of South Africa, to exert the maximum pressure on the upurfheid State and to demand that it desist immediately from such attacks upon its neighbours, from the wanton murder of their citizens and those victims of apmheid to whom they have given refuge and from its attempts to destabilize independent African States.”

1 should like to draw to the attention of the Council to the following two further revisions of the draft resolution contained in document s/17291. Operative paragraph 4 should read: “Denounces aad rdects racist South Africa’s practice of ‘hot pursuit’ to terror& and destabilize Rotswana and other countries in southern Africaa;“. 106. The delegation of the Ukrainian SSR supports the draft molution contained in document S/l7291 as orally revised. Operative parzgraph 8 (b) should read: “Proposing measure to strengthen Botswana’s capacity to receive and provide assistance to South African refugees;“. 107. ‘lb PRESIDENT: The next speaker is the repmsentat& of JAwria, who wisha to make a statement in hi capacity aa Chairman of the Group of African States for the month of June. I invite him to take a plaa at the Counsil table and to make his statement.

For the third time in the relatively short period of two weeks, the Council is eousidet;ng the question of the aggressive actions of the racist r&me of South Afrlea a&st neighbouring States. ThelatestvictimoftheseactioushasbeenthesmallState of Botswana. Today the Mittlster for Fomlgn Affaira of Rotsvwtna has deserikd the set of aggremlon committed agahtsthereountryandfumisheddetallsonthevlUims and the material damage. 101. This unprovoked act of armed aggression committed by the South African racists against the capital of that country left dead and wounded, including women and children. This act of terrorism against Botswana demonstrates that, in spite of the categorical condemnation by the Council and by the international community, Rctoria is stepping up its acts of aggression against the whole of the southern African subregion, This was also demonstrated by the cynical assertions of South Africa’s leaders. For --^-es- ~.A~III~Is, th4 MiiiiSteX fiii Fiji+i &T&S rii iiie Sri&j African racist regime. in a statement made on 14 June this year. issued a high-handed warning to the effect that South Africa reserves its right to commit acts of aggression against neighbouring States as and when it deems fit. The statement of the South African representative in the Council today once again has confirmed the racists’ intent to continue their bandit-like attacks and acts of aggression against neighbouring African States. 104. We should like to stmss once again that responsibility for the acts of aggression committed by Pretoria is shared by the powerful Western protectors and defenders of the racists. The racist r&time of a~r&dcould not even exist without their support. 105. The Ukrainian SSR wishes to eontirm its solidarity with the peaceand freedom-loving peoples of Africa, timt and foremost the front-line States, and also with the national liberation movements of Africa struggling for their indepndena, freedom and an opportunity to build their own independent future.

Mr. Pm&lent, please acocpt our warmeat apFre&tlort of the able manner in which you aredir&ngthea!Talrsofthe&tncilaudforyouralhnvingmctomakeauamment on the matter before the CouncilinmyeapaeityasChairmartoftheGroupofAfrieaa states. 109. Once again. the vicious and racist South African r4@ebascarriedoutoueofitsevilmilitaryattackson another pcaoc-lovine African country. This criminal and mtu&ousaedoutookplaceonthemomingof14Jtme, when Oaboror~, the capital of Botswana, was awakened bythesoumlofmaehimguttsfhedbySouthAfrieansoldiemandcommar&unitssearchingformemknofthe ANC, whom they regard as posing a threat to their established order. The unprovoked military raid on the capiml ofthel&u&ni!!@teof~wsrtamsultedintlulose -r.- -- .. of 12 innocent live, ineluding that of a six-yearold child, and left many other!3 wounded End maimed. 1 IO. The African Croup learned with utter disgust of the sedsss raid hto Botswana by sokliers of the racist dgime of South Africa, This act of banditry, coming at a time when the Council was cons&ring punitive measures a&M the iprduii rkgimc in connection with its illegal I Il. We view the invasion, conducted on the pretext of identifying ANC targets, as an act of infamy that must be strongly condemned by the Council. ‘Ibe outrageous behaviour and manoeuvres of Pretoria were aimed at destroying the so&economic UlfmStNCtUt’e of the front-line States in order to pressure them into accepting the racist regime’s wild dream of a “constellation” of States. 112. The attack on Botswana was one of a se&? of acts of intimidation against the front-line States with the object of forcing them to abandon their sacred duty to give sanetuary to those who are Seeing from the brutal suppression of human rights in oporrhefd South Africa, as well as of establishing hegemony over the whole of southern Africa and discouraging support for the total liberation of the entire region. 113. In view of those designs, it is now imperative for the Council to take effective and concrete measures against the racist regime, whose repeated acts of brutality and violence, including murder, blackmail, kidnapping and the destruction of vital sectors of economic activity, are pa& ularly deplorable considering the numerous assurances given by the Government of Botswana that it does not permit its territory to be used for launching attacks against neighbouring countries, including South Africa itself, South Africa must make full and adequate compensation to Botswana for the toss of human lives and the damage resulting from its acts of aggression. Member Statea should be urged to extend all nemssary assistance to Botswana in order that it may be able to continue to m&e and give sanctuary to the victims of qurth&, in accordance with its humanitarian principles and the demamb of intemational law and morality. 114. We fCCO@ZCththC@Gtii~dllEIlhUOfttE Council have on a number of oazasions sh0wn their determination to act against the monstrous r&time in South Africa. But the Council has been powerless to take such action owing to the high degree of tokmnce shown tmvardstheracistr&imebysomeoftheCotmcil*spermanent members, which have frustrated the clear desire of the international community for the imposidon ofcomprehensive mandatory sanctions. We therefore believe that the eventofl4JuMhlH)plOvjdedcheCouncilwitb~o~- tunity to take the kind of measures which will end South Africa’s pmctice of hot pursuit, by means ofwhii it termfz +--- &&&i& awaw au’ ai& -& b & southem African region. The time has fmally arrived for the Western friends and allies of South Africa to assess their relationship with that country, taking into full account the gravity of the present situation in southern Africa.Theyshouldbringtheirmoralandpoliticalwihto bear on South Africa to end its continued attacks on neighbouring States and to prevent a racial bloobbath in the southern African region.

In beginning my statement, I must comment on the remarkable address we heard this morning by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Botswana. The Minister’s statement provided us with a cogent, measured and eloquent statement of Botswana’s policy of peaceful coexistence with its neighbours, of its attempts to pursue that policy in its relations with South Africa, and of the events of the morning of 14 June. I should like to express directly to the Minister of Botswana my delegation’s appreciation for her contribution to the quality of our pmceedings. 117. This is the second time in as many days that the Council has met to consider and vote on the question of South Africa’s military operations against its neighbours. ‘he attack in Gaborone, with the resulting loss of life, was a particularly deplorable violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Botswana. The United States condemns that attack, and we extend our deepest sympathies tothepeopkofBotswanawhosuffera!asaresuhofit. 118. We have pointed out in a number of ataumcnts in thischafnberoverthcpastscvcraldtl~thatnsprclforthe soved&nty of all stat03 and the invi&bility of intematied borders are key phcipks in international rclatiom, ancithatnoStatccanarmgatetoit&therighttoviolate thcaeprinciplcs. wecannotmtdwiunotcondonevio&- tiott8ofthcmbywhwerstate,fwwbatevw-,such cross-border viohce only complicates e!Tom to bring peacetothesouthemAfricanregion. 119. Attbelemctim,myGovemmentdacsnotcon. donetkraxntbombin~andutheractsofviokncewithin South Africa and cannot accept a right to launch such actions from beyond South Africa’s borders. We cannot accept the right of any State to harbour terrorists. In thii connection, my Oovemmrm was particukrly gratifii to hear the Botswana Minister for Foreign Affairs’ fmn, unequivocal statement of her Govemmentk policy tOiiZi& iiliy tin& cram-border operations, 120. That statement, particularly in the emotioncharge aftemutth of the South African raid. is esne&ahv welcome. We believe that South Africa can and io& rrefif&dhn kind. That woukf be a substantial contribution to incmased regional stability and peace. Both the Botswana Minister for Foreign Affairs and senior South African offii ciab have aBinned their willingness to take step to control 121. My Government will join with others in the Council in supporting the draft resolution presented by the nonaligned members. We wish to take note of the flexibility the delegation of Botswana has shown in its presentation of the dealt resolution to Council members. However, my delegation wishes to express the view that the last preambular paragraph and operative paragraph 2 contain language or formulations we do not regard as appropriate to Security Council resolutions. We also reiterate the view that nothing in this draft resolution carries the implication, in thii instance, that action under Chapter VII of the Charter is contemplated. 122 Despite those reservations. my delegation wishes to send a strong message by its positive vote: a message that the United States strongly deplores the South African military action. We hope thii message will be heard and heeded. 12.3. The PRESIDENT: Ihe next speaker is the representative of the German Democratic Republic. I invite hi to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Once again, I should like to thank you, Mr. President, and theotbermeinhemoftheC4nmcilfargivingmeanopportunity to participate, in my capacity as Chahman of the GtOUpOfEiUtUlBEWOpMMtddiStSt&tUS,hchc~ don on the question now under consi&ation. 125. Itbwwthcthildtimeinlessttmntwowccksttmt my delegatioh as Cl&man of that Group, appmrs before thisMulytojointhevoiceaofpr6taR,iml@t&nard graveamu!ln.Anditisthethirdcimeitlthisperiodthat lhea+wnw~isinthapillory.nuewthnRd~ occqKdwoftheTerritoydNamibiaaudthenonoomptipncrtimohttion435(197g),aca&dngaasof pggnreion,vloknceMddcstabuizationagaimtthe~ p&b Repubue of Angola, and, now, the swap raid againstBotswana4Uthisprovrsthatthemcistsin~ riadelihemtely~tMworkicommunitybyintensifying their campaign of military agBmssion against neighbouring sovereign states. 126. We think it was not by accident that Ret&a launched the brutal attack against Gaborone at a time when the Council was con&bring steps for settling the question of Namibia4Dpopriate steps to improve the &tatiw in the entire region of southern Africa. This latest unprovoked and unwarranted raid against defencelem, innocent citizens is an expression of the racists’ disregard for this organ. 127, WhatwillnowhetheresponseoftheGXmcil? Tlterecanbeonlyoneanswertothh:~,theboilin thefkshofAfrica,muMkbumtoutbeforcitbtoo~u. I3 129. As has been stated by the OBice of the President of Botswana, the attack against Gaborone is to be seen “as South Africa’s fulfilment of its threat in February this year to invade Botswana** [see s/17274, u#&Y]]. In view of this, we regard it as a shame when there are still members in the Council who condone the aggressive character of the racists and who, against all common sense, want to make the world believe that there are changes carried out in South Africa and that. therefore, one should wait, as it is not urgent now to impose sanctions. But it is imperative to act now. Every additional day of apurrhel& existence is one more day of suffering for the majority of the people inside the country, of threats to neighbouring States and of danger to international peace and security. Vms, each day of upa&& is one day tw many. The Council must react now, and it must react resolutely. 130. Once again. we demand the immediate imposition of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa.onlytkuScsnweforcepretotiato~bythe resolutions of the Ccamcil, which means to abandon um hefd forthwith, to comply with resolution 435 (1978) and to refrain from all acts of aggression and destabilisation against peace-loving neighbouring States. 131. What prevents us from maching that goal? Nothing elsethantheglobalstraugkandewnwlicintcrestsof certain&perialistcirekswbichcwtinwtocouahomte WhhtUUJSttppOttthClZiStdgilMhlOlktOltSh3ht SouthAfricaastheirlastbastiononthecontinent4bast&mwhk%cmatesins@iMy,imecu&yandwarinthe Iegiw. It is not only ollcc that the u/nw+i$Tyy beenco&mneclinUnitedNationsrm&mons tointernat&nalpeaceandsecurity,andnotonlyoncethat Pmtoriahasfurnishedproofoftherightful~ofthat comlemnation. In view of that, the wide gap existing betweenwotdsanddeedsoftheimperiaMtalliesofSoutb Africaisonefrlkdwithsufferingandshot,murderedor injumd innocent men, women and children. 132. Thmisnodoubtthatasactiactiwoppositioninside the ixxtnuy itself grows, uniting mom and more people under the kadership of its liberation movement, at the .3oUdafity movmcnt for this struggling people spreads across the earth, so will Pretoria react in its abhorrent and nomiotu mantwr. -flu South African racists know only tw well that their time is over and that they have long since been supemxkd by history. But we know that a wounded beast of prey is extremely dangerous. Yesterday it was the commando raid into Cabinda Province of the 133. We, the Eastern European socialist States, will continue to do our utmost to stop the crimes of the uparrk&f regime. We stand in firm solidarity at the side of all those who Eght against the Pretoria regime, be they inside South Africa itself, in Namibia, or .in. the neighbouring States. ll~l~sttle of those peoples is mevitable as long as uparr- 134. We associate ourselves with the following statement issued by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Zimbabwe on 14 June 1985, on the occasion of the raid on Botswana by forces of the racist South Aft&n r&gime: “the spirit and flame of freedom will continue to bum more and more fiercely within each and every one of us until that evil spectre of a~rlheid is totally and Enally destroyed” [see S/17278, MneT). 135. ‘Ihe PRESIDENT: llte next speaker is the reptesentative of Swaziland. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Allow me, Sir, to express to you and the members of the Council the sincere gratitude of my delegatiar for giving us this opportunity to participate in the Council’s dhatsslon on a grave matter. It concerns criminal acts of aggression, violation of the territoriali~ofanindependentState,mur&rincold blood and the destruction of propetty. comm&I yat again by the Retotia Government, this time against the Republii of Botswana, a fraternal entry in our region of tmuthem Africa, a country that over the years has been a &conofpeaceandasymbolofthatrarecommodity calkd demoeraey. 137. TheattackonBotswana,acountrywithwhiehthe !hVidSSh8fCUW~gtOf~,hietayandCtdtwe,eameesagrralahock.ItrSnrclr~intothc~of ewy Swazi in every village, in evwy valley, on every mountaintop.Itwasth8tintdtydam&dfecling -by~twQpsopla~mwdmy-co 8sktokallowdtoparticiIuteinthcCouncilOddiberations.Ourbeingabktodoso*myckk@onan oJbp-rt~~ro*imc to the Gowmnmtandpropkof condofencoontbetragklossoflife and the destruction of property. 138. BeforeIbrieByexplainmydekg&n%positioncm the matter, I should like to extend to you, Sir, my ddegation% congratulations on your assumption of the pmidcncy of tbc Councii for the month of June, a month that willgodowninAfricanhistoryasoneinwhiehsouthem Africa bled and, suffocated by frustration, the intemational community expressed its utmost indignation and revulsion at the brutal acts of oppression, Your Minister andyouyounclf,*,hm eandtMedthecauncirtaffain with the distinction to which we have become sccunomd; emgratulations. 140. From the account of the representative of Lesotho, it seems to my delegation that what occurred in Botswana was not a question of the victims being caught up in the crossfire between two armed forces. The killers came in the still of the night to massacre innocent women and children in their sleep and then went on a brutal hunting expedition for Botswana nationals who, in the words of the Botswana Minister this morning, were going about their business in their own land. We learned that that cross-border act of what we consider to be State-engineered terrorism was not provoked by the Government and people of Botswana. 141. ‘Ihe Charter of the United Nations is very explicit on such matters: it requires all Member States, irrespective of their position in the inter-State power hierarchy. to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity of an independent, sovereign State. We of the Swaziland delegation therefore submit that the action taken by the Government of South Africa against the Republic of Botswana is not at all consistent with the purposm and principles of the charter, and constitutes a naked act of aggression. 142 In seeking to justify its action, the Government of South Africa -ted that its bloody expedition acrom thebordem6fourmgionwasanactofself-prcservatiion, ba&onArtick5IofthcChart~.Ofcourw,thatArtkk recognizes the right self&fence, which ir, in the words of Dean A&son, inherent in the very existence of nationhmd. Howwver, the exerckofthatrightkoond;tionel;it can be cxerekd only in circumstances in which an annul attack is imminent or has occurred. In the matter before the Council there was no armed attack organized or contemplated by the Botswana Government against South Africa. Therefore, that provision of the Charter cannot be invoked to legitimirr sending an armed force into the territory of a neighbouring State. 14.1. A-ding to the statement of the Minister for ForeignAtfainofBotswanathismoming+noevi&nceofa mihtary nature has been estabhshed to link violent incidentsthat~insideSouthAfrica~course,sca result of intcmal policia of t?lturfwth the bombing of hour in Gaborone. ‘Ihe penom killed, according to the Minister in her eloquent presentation this morning+ were civilians. Some of them were refugees, whose visibility and action were publll knowledgr, and who could not beconsidctddtokathrratloaState&powcrful~South Africa. “South Africa’s attempt to justify its act of aggression against Lesotho strikes a false note, because King Moshoeshoe, in his address the day before yesterday, stated that the attacks alleged to have been launched from Lesotho occurred a long distance from the borders. It is therefore surprising that South Africrr. which maintains the most sophisticated security network in the region, should have been unable to detect the socalled saboteurs during their sojourn in its territory.” [2408th meeting, para. II?.] 14% It is also much regretted that the people of Namibia and the black people of South Africa have been so long denied their rights to self-determination. These are the two barriers that must come down in our region if we are to attain peace. The flexing of military power against poor neighbouring States is certainly not an investment in the treasury of peace we all so much cherish. We therefore call on our neighbour, South Africa, to take action that will build peace bridges across the frontiers of our region. But it could easily detect them in Botswana, in a neighbouring State. 1 continued: “South Africa appears, then, to be trying to make its neighbours responsible for its internal security . . .“. WW 149. The PRESiDENT The next speaker is the representative of Benin. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. or lack of it. lS0. Mr. OGOUMA (&in) (itttepretadottfiom Rewh): Allow me to extend to you, Sir. the warmest congtatulations of the delegation of Renin on your assumption of the pmsidency of the Council for the month of June. Your qt&ies of a seasoned diplomat, your extensive expetiettce in intematiorUl l&es and your wisdom lead us to hope that the current debate wig kad to de&ions which will forcethenlgimedRetotiatoheedthedetnandsofthe international community. 145. We have just heard the representative of South Africa confirming kfom the Council that it is the msponslbility of a poor, struggling neighbouring country to ensute the security of South Africa. My delegation would have bsenpkasedtohearhimaddressUtc&tswanaMlnismr for Poaign Affairs’ remarks when she extended a hand of friendship in t&en&g before the Gmncil her country*s willhIgltess to mahltahl gooddghbourly Ielfalons with South Afflca. We, the Swaxis, b&eve in negotiations. HI. I should like, through you, tothank all the members of the Council for having Bccodtp to ?ttr tuquest to speak OIltiWtltgMttpIdO~tUI&- cz4wddttringtbepastmontb. 7nspiteofthseeffortstocreatai3natmosphem antd~vetopeacefulamtaets,afalceplcturcdttelghhourlng States as launching bases for sulwemive au8dts iSbhlgdCWlOgldSO8StOjUStif~...murdcrMdslruc temxism. W. TbisisnowtltathMtimeinlasthatt IOdaysthat thccouncil&rtte&tgtodbarsrvariocrr&tfUcolnmitrad t . -bmY-by-W &velopmenu, bemuse King sobhtIza attempted to create~-and the present cicwmmdisat&mptingto crco1c-” anatmosphereconduclvetodia&mepnd peaedul IleptMm within tbe region . . #“. [Ibid, pIma* 19 ta 121.1 d South Africa for setting up this fraudulent locallcd if@p -9 butalfodechrai8uchactjonnutland L 147. We certainly do not merely pay t+se&e to the settknmofUlapmesbypeaesftdmefms.We,Wthe popkd-,- prrvdtbnmdthepincigkof ~ghbourli~;ofcourse,itiscommonknowle+ 155. l?ten it was the turn of the Pnofrl@s Rqubiic of AngolatobtingacomplaimbeforetheCouncilagahtstthe IS 156. Today it is Botswana’s turn to bring to the Council its complaint against the same aparthefd regime of South Africa. Indeed, on 14 June at the crack of dawn, a commando unit of the Defence Force of the racist Pretoria regime launched a savage attack against the capital of Botswana, the city of Gaborone, which resulted in 12 dead and six wotmded and considerable material damage, 157. Nor can anyone forget that, in its creeping acts of aggression, the racist @me of Pretoria has sent armed bands against front-line States, in particular Mozambique, the Seychelles and Lesotho. 158. The pursuit and intensification of the barbaric acts of aggression committed without any provocation by the racist r&time of Pretoria against sovereign and independent front-line States aft also crimes that are creating a particularly dangerous situation in southern Africa. repreaenting a serious threat to international peace and security. lS9, ?he mcist r&gime of Pretoria is through these &atnaful crimes radically and dangerously violating and opp08ing the principlea enshrined in the Chat-tar of the UnitedNatiot&iupMic&rthoresetforthinAtticle2, paralpapb 4. 160. Is not scrupulous mspect for those principles an essential amdiion for the swvivat of States, for the survival of6m8ll. defhcah states such as ours? But the racist r&lmeofRetoefadosanotsenthingsirtthatIightataU. T8kirtgllsi&Bb8eehB~oyrulaof~~dmml importantfactoritsilfq@cofoniafoecapstiondNalnibi8,~pooplrafetxploitcdlmdwhoseinmmme mource8arepillaged,themcistr&gitneofPretoriahas 8nhked on a policy ofcontinuing milii aggression in aouth8mAfrica 161. Rqle8t8d 8ct6 of apomrion against the front-line stota*inpartindar~,~ *llotmm8,the seyehcllesand~~8rein~-dthipdicy ofregimhdim~.n#rrcpc8ted8asd~ infaetformtheconcmtameansfortheimpkmentatkmof this diabohi @icy aimed at mashing the natural and I . . rr!!ur nl&Rty ‘&a! eLErst2 !%tien the Giiifig jiqj& ofNahbiaandSouthAfrkaandthepeopkrofother neighbouringindgndm,countriesofsouthemAfrtca,at imposing a lWOCOIOnfPl sot&m in Namibia, at maintaining through wtion ud terror the racist f&gime in southAfric8#d8t~8nd~~ intimidation and terror a climate of instabihty, neofmlonid depedem and destablidon in southern Africa. 163. For several years now, on numerous occasions, the Council has had before it complaints of neighbouring or bordering States against the fascist and racist regime of htoria regarding premeditated, continuing, persistent and prolonged armed invasions carried out by South Africa in flagrant violation of the airspace, national sovereignty and territorial integrity of those countries. On all those occasions the Council has adopted resolutions and relevant decisions, to which South Africa has responded only with defiance, bad faith, duplicity and treachery, as is shown by the latest acts of aggression committed against Angola in May and Botswana in June. as well as refusal to carry out a full withdrawal of South African racist troops from Angola. 164. This detiance and this continuing arrogance on the part of South Africa are not only an insult to the intemational community; above ah, they ret&t the inability of th~‘Council and, more specifically, the tack of political wilt on the part of some Powers to intervene promptly and firmly at a time when intemationat peaee and security are seriously threatened. Ihose Powers are clearly visible in south Africa in all sectortr of economic activity, as well as in the strategic and military seetom. 163. Iltis means that the duplicity and defutncc South Africa is demonstrating only reflect the compfaisamx, indeed the complicity. of some great Powers regarding South Africa. We therefore understand the continued refus8lofcertaincountricatbat8remetnhmoftheCounciltoexertmalanddecisivepnsawnon&uthAfricaand why binding poiitical and economic measures have ao far not been taken against ffouth Af&a. ltui F~~~theworldfsre cmmora8w8teofthcsu8uon.nt8tiswhythey8re mobuizhlgtodemandthe~of&uthAf*the takiugdeumo&maasuresagainstthePmtoriar&gime, theanrdcmwtson88d~of~theHbmrtiOttOfNMlibhMd4ZQthld~OfthCpdicyOfCOilli, uhlgInilit8ryaggmwkm 8g8inatst8tesofsoutbanAfric8. 167. BenidspoaitkmontheiwueoftheimensBi~ionof miutiuy8rmed8ctaoFaograsion bythemciatdgheof Pretai8 8g8inst the from-tine States, and in par&t&r againatBocmwl,isverydear.Fortu,tbisp&yofcorr Ii?%** 2ggrcdG stciiz from thi i,K&&& tiimicgy ai tjw redrtrcgimcofRclorisaimedatensl8vingthcpcopk$d 1heregionforthebeneStofintemationalimprinlirmto murethereignofttprMdd8nd-loni8liun,8ndthe frenzied pinaging of flourca. 168. my ddeg8tiolt fwrly condemm the continuad aggrah pIicy of South Afric8 ag8inst the front-line 169. It is high time for the Council, without further delay, to take the measures necessary to ensure that its resolutions condemning the continuing acts of aggression of the racist Pretoria regime against the front-line States are respected. My delegation believes that, to that end, it is time also to impose binding, comprehensive sanctions against South Africa in accordance with Chapter VII of the Charter. My delegation therefore hopes that at this meeting the Council will lirmly condemn the racist South African regime’s repeated violations of the sovereignty, integrity and independence of Member States and of international peace and security. 177. The minority regime cannot offer any consideration of whatever nature-political, economic, military or otherwise-to justify its cowardly act of aggression. That brutal and unwarranted act is all the more reprehensible when one considem the repeated assurances of the Botswana Government that it does not-l repeat, notpermit its territory to be used for launching attacks against neighbouring countries. The Pretoria regime must make full and adequate reparation to Botswana for this attack, which resulted in the tragic loss of life. 170. We should like tovoice here the unswerving support and active solidarity of the people of Benin for all brotherly peoples of southern Africa. in particular the peoples of Angola and Botswana, in their struggle against the armed aggression of the Retoria r&me and for consolidation of their dearly-won independence 171. Ready for the revolution; the struggle continues!

I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of TBlNIDAD AND TOBAGO. 178. Even as we condemn South Africa for this attack and for its other acts of violence against its neighbours. we urge South Africa to heed the calls of the Council and to respect the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law. 173. The Council must indeed be grateful to the Minister for Fore&n Ansirs of Batewane for a moving and lucid presentation of the details of the South African attack against Gaborone, which conllrmed our own conchtalon that that brutal attack and the killing of innocent, ud civilians, atnottg whom wen thee women and a six-year-old child, were unprovoked and pmneditated. 179. We wish at this moment to reaflirm our solidarity and sympathy with the people and Government of Botswana in their commitment to maitttahting that country’s political and territorisl integrity. We feel that Botswana is tobecommendcdforthasacrBilkhasmadeandcontinttes to make in giving asylum to victims of -he&i. The amassiMtiMs, the kidnappings and the dcstruetiM of property perpetrated in Botswana by the prsctitioners of aparwdhavcnotsc#edtoswavethattNlyheroicstate from sttccourhtg mfugees, its fellow men, tleeing the horror that is 4jp7rtbeld. 181. 1tismy~thattbeCouncilisreadyto proeeul to vote on the draft molution kfcm it [s/I729I]. IfIhearhOObjCCtiOSI,Irhellputitloavotc~orally twited. 175. TrinidadattdTobago~ttteuseofarmed forceinG&oronebythearmyofthemhmrityradst &gimeofSoutbAfricaon14June1985tokanactof agpdon and a +taty vldation of,tIotama’s sow- *mykyzT pllp. - - provMwdthecharterof& ullitedNationr,whichstipulatethcoblioptiondallsta~ to refrain in their intemstional relations from the threat or ufeofforcea@~thesovereigmyandt&torialhnegrity of any Sate.T;~~ti~T~go strongly condemns and dcnowes . -*

My delegation is delighted that the Council has adopted this resolution unanimously. This gives the Government of Botswana the support it was seeking. I would like to express sincere appreciation to the Minister for Pore@ Affairs of Botswana and to the representative of Botswana for the wise 176, In a message sent to Presiint Masire of Botswana follovlittg the attack on Gaborone, the prime Minister of Trhridad and Tobago, Mr. George Chambers, stated: “Let me also take the opportunity to express my sincere hope that within the not too distant future, world opinion will force the termination of the reprehensible system of apnrtheid and usher in an era when all the peoples of South Africa, and indeed of southern Africa. could live in peace and harmony.” 180. I now mutne my function as PIGSDENT. lk &q/Y: resotntiott (u orally revkd was adupted unanhoush [resofutlm 568 (1985)l. 183. As with resolution 567 (1985). adopted yesterday, the United Kingdom does not interpret the term “‘act of aggression” in the text of this resolution as falling within the provisions of Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations or as constituting a finding or decision which has specific consequences under the Charter. Rut although we may not endorse every formulation in it, our support for the purpose of this resolution whole-hearted. 184. Finally, I would like to repeat with added emphasis my earlier appeal to the Government of South Africa to pay the most careful attention to our proceedings today and to abide by the resolution which the Council has just adopted. 185. ‘Ihe PRESIDENT: The Minister for Foreign AtTairs ofBotswanahasask#lu,maleaetatempnt,andInow call upon her. 186. Miss CHIEPE (Botswana): At the risk of overtaxing the patience of the Council, 1 beg to be allowed to express to you, Mr. President, and to the Council as a whole, the profound gratitude of my delegation for your kind indulgence. I thank you all for your kind words of sympathy, support, understanding and encouragement. The Council has spoken with the voice, a very strong voice, in its uneqttlvocal reja%ion of tbe use of force as a substitute for the pwcefbl ttsolution of contllcts or differences WWeen or among Statea. lbii is as it sbottld be, for it is the principle responsibility of this very important organ of the United Nations to maintain international pace and security. 188. I thank the Council for all its kind messages of condolences. ‘ibey will be delivered to my Government and to the people of Botswana, as well as to those nations *hose nationals were either murdered or injured on 14 June.

The Council has thus concluded the present stage of its consideration of the item on the agenda. IRe meehg rose at 7p.m NOTSS ’ Si8ned at Oeneva on 28 July 1951 (United Nations, 2kra/p &r&s, vol. 169, No. 2545). a Simd al Nsw York oo 28 &pembn 1954 (ibid, vol. 360. No. Jl5a