S/PV.2615 Security Council

In accordance’with decisions taken previously [26ZOth, 2611th and 2613th meetings], I invite the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Tunisia to take a place at the Council table; I invite the representative of Israel to take a place at the Council table; I invite the observer for the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to take a place at the Council table; I invite the representatives of Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Cuba, the German Democratic Republic, Greece, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lesotho, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malta, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, the Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, Yemen and Yugoslavia to take the places reserved for them at the side of the Council chamber. At the invitation of the President, hr. Cafd Essebsi (Timisia) and Mr. Netanyahu (Israel) took places at the Council table; Mr. Terzi (Palestine Liberation Organisation) took a place at the Coun&l table; Mr. Zurif (Afghanistan), Mr. Taleb Ibrahimi (Algeria), Mr. Wasiuddin (Bang&esh), Mr. Malmierca Peoli (Cuba), Mr. Ott (German Democratic

1 should like to inform the members of the Council that I have received a letter from the representative of Viet Nam in which he requests to be invited to participate in the discussion of the item on the agenda. In conformity with the usual practice, I propose, with the consent of the Council, to invite that representative to participate in the discussion, without the right to vote, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter and rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure. At the invitation of the President, Mr. Le Kim Chung (Viet Nam) took the place reserved for him at the side of the Council chamber.

I should like to draw the attention of members of the Council to the following documents: letter dated 2 October 1985 from the representative of the United Republic of Tanzania to the Secretary-General [S/I7523j; letter dated 3 October 1985 from the representative of Brazil to the Secretary-General [S/17532j; letter dated 4 October 1985 from the representative of Mongolia to the President of the Council [S/Z7.533j. 4. The first speaker is the representative of Nigeria, who wishes to make a statement in his capacity as Chairman of the Group of African States for October. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

On behalf of the Group of African States at the United Nations, I wish to express heartfelt appreciation to you, Sir, and to the other members of the Council for this opportunity to address the Council. 6. It is a matter of the utmost regret and serious concern to us that so soon after the historic meeting of the Security Council to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of our cherished organization-a meeting at which Council 7. The Council has been convened against the backdrop of a mindless attack launched by a Member State against the territorial integrity and sovereignty of another Member State. A situation in which the State of Israel can decide to launch an aerial bombing attack and cause the destruction of the lives and property of people in another country, without regard to international opinion or the provisions of the Charter, calls for serious reflection and appropriate action. 8. The Israeli air raid on Tunisia vividly demonstrates the impulsive readiness of the Government in Tel Aviv to resort to brutal force in pursuit of its goals, regardless of whether such a measure contradicts all known standards of behaviour for civilized States and is in conflict with the principles of the Charter. 9. The Group of African States at the United Nations vigorously condemns this barbaric and unjustified attack by Israel against the independent and sovereign State of Tunisia. We condemn without reservation the spurious attempt by the Government of Israel to justify this sordid attack and this violation of the principles of State sovereignty by insisting that the attack was targeted not at the Tunisians but at the headquarters of the PLO. 10. For a variety-of reasons, the outrage committed by Israel against Tunisia must alarm the international community, whose security the Council has a duty to guarantee and uphold. The Israeli attack does not set a precedent in the Middle East: since 1948, when the State was established, Israel has unleashed a combination of violence, terror and naked force not only against the Palestinians but also against its Arab neighbours under the pretext that those States provided refuge to individuals and groups opposed to its existence. For several years, the systematic annexations of Arab lands and the resettlement of Israelis in those lands have continued unabated in spite of international condemnation of such activities, as is evident in several resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council. In 1981, in a brazen violation of Iraqi sovereignty, Israel raided that country’s nuclear reactor and pleaded that it had caused that havoc because it perceived the construction of the reactor as posing a threat to the Israeli nation. In 1982, it mounted an attack against Lebanon in an ostensible bid to secure its northern border and rid Lebanon of Palestinian freedom fighters. The rape finally succeeded in undermining Lebanon’s sovereign rights and caused thousands of deaths and untold economic and social dislocation among the inhabitants of that country. There is no question that for far too long Israel has taken the international community for granted. 12. The Israeli raid in Tumsia has without doubt further complicated the peace process in the Middle East and abysmally reversed the fruitful prospects just beginning to glimmer. By perpetrating ‘this act of terror against a member State of the Organization of African Unity and member of the United Nations, Israel has demonstrated the extent to which it will go to aggress upon the sanctity of independent and sovereign States. 13. We note with regret and disappointment that .the Israeli Government has been able to persist in its defiance of world opinion and treat the decisions and resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly with utter disregard because of the unlimited political, diplomatic, economic and military support it receives from a member of the Council. Especially worthy of mention is the continuous supply of weapons of aggression that a founding Member of the Organization and permanent member of the Council makes available to Israel on a scale far in excess of its security needs. The African Group is appalled at the open support given to the Israelis by President Reagan, support which, according to The Christian Science Monitor of 3 October 1985, surprised and pleased the Israelis. Through this open support the United States Govemment has demonstrated unmitigated though predictable prejudice in support of Israel’s unjustified behaviour, without compassion and feelings for the innocent lives lost in the course of the air attack. 14. The perception of the Group of African States as well as of the majority of other States is that the Palestinian question stands at the core of the problem of the Middle East, and that until the problem of the restoration of the inalienable rights of the oppressed people of Palestine is solved, genuine peace and stability will not be restored in that region. 15. On behalf of the Group of African States, we convey sincere condolences to the Government and the people of Tunisia, who have placed their country at risk in order to discharge the lofty obligation to uphold the cause of freedom and provide a haven for all persecuted people. We commend their indomitable courage, We also salute the courage of the Palestinian people and assure them of our continued support in their legitimate struggle. 16. We call upon the international community not only to denounce the intransigence and atrocities of Israel and the complicity of its backers but to recognize fully those explosive elements which greatly jeopardize the cause of international peace in the Middle East, and take appropriate and speedy measures to deal with them. We demand that the proposal endorsed in General Assembly resolution 38/58 C of 13 December 1983, which requests the holding of an international peace conference on the Mid-

The next speaker is the representative of the German Democratic Republic. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. 18. Mr. On (German Democratic Republic): Permit me at the very outset, Sir, to congratulate you on your assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for the month of October. In doing so, my delegation expresses the hope that the questions to be dealt with by the Council under your presidency can be brought to a positive solution. Our ,appreciation also goes to the President of the Council for the month of September, the representative of the United Kingdom, Sir John Thomson. 19. It was with indignation and repugnance that the German Democratic Republic received the news of the criminal raid by the Israeli air force on the headquarters of the PLO in Tunis. The people and the Government of the German Democratic Republic most strongly condemn this serious act of aggression by Israel, directed not only against the Palestinian people but also against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of an Arab State, the Republic of Tunisia. 20. My delegation would like to express its condolences and sympathy to the Government of Tunisia and to the PLO and, through them, to the families of the Tunisian and Palestinian victims who were killed in the criminal Israeli raid. 21. As the Chairman of our regional group, Mr. Oudovenko, rightly pointed out .yesterday, this new Israeli attack is another link in the chain of numerous acts of aggression and State terrorism and a flagrant disregard of all norms of international law and the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Just when the overwhelming majority of the States Members of the United Nations has resolutely condemned the Israeli practices in the occupied Arab and Palestinian territories, which are illegal under international law, the world is being confronted with a new monstrous crime committed by the Israeli rulers. All that at a time when, on the occasion of the United Nations fortieth anniversary, Member States are reafftrming the principles of the Charter and pointing out the urgent need to do everything in order to preserve intemational peace and security and to settle international conflicts by peaceful means. 22. There can be no doubt as to who bears the responsibility for the tense situation in the Middle East and for the denial to the Palestinian people of its legitimate rights. It is the ruling Israeli circles and their imperialist backers who oppose a comprehensive, just and durable solution to the question of the Middle East and Palestine. 24. What Israel and the imperialist forces have in mind is to revive the policy of separate deals, to delete the question of the Middle East and Palestine from the agenda and to perpetuate the illegal occupation of Arab territories. 25. Joint and resolute action by all peace forces must put an end to these plans and practices. Therefore, it is only natural that the non-aligned countries in their latest communique [S/17528, annex] demanded that the Security Council impose sanctions against Israel. 26. Finally, I should like to read out the text of a message sent by the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party and Chairman of the Council of State of the German Democratic Republic, Erich Honecker, to the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Yasser Arafat: “With indignation and repugnance the German Democratic Republic has received the news of the latest brutal act of aggression committed by the Israeli rulers against the Palestine Liberation Organization. That assault, trampling underfoot all standards of intemational law, gives the lie to the pleasant-sounding averments of peace from Israel and the imperialist quarters who support it in the pursuit of its aggressive policies. “Be assured, dear Comrade Arafat, that the German Democratic Republic stands in solidarity at the side of the Palestine Liberation Organization and of the entire Palestinian people. “Accept my best wishes for the successful continuation of the just struggle of the Palestinian people under the leadership of its sole legitimate representative, the Palestine Liberation Organization.”

The next speaker is the representative of Yugoslavia. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

The international community has decided to use the fortieth General Assembly for a rededication to the principles and purposes of the Charter and to the policy of dialogue and negotiations. The wanton bombing of Tunis by Israeli armed power is a heavy blow to these efforts and is an act of naked and arrogant aggression against the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of non-aligned Tunisia and a flagrant violation of the Charter. 29. The Security Council and the United Nations as a whole are now faced with a new example of State terrorism 30. Now is the time to stop and think. Where is the implicit or explicit nod of approval of this aggression by Israel going to take us? 31. Interpretations have been put forward that this attack was performed in selfdefence. It should be stated, we believe, that the Charter cannot be interpreted depending on the moment and the interests and whims of any Power. Such logic would lead to anarchy, since it would justify the use of force and inaugurate the return to the policy of “might is right”, with all its consequences for the independence of all. 32. I should like to say again that any aggression is illegal and that no allowance can be made in this regard for any Power and no new set of rules can be introduced for any region. 33. The unprovoked bombing of Tunis, the capital of a non-aligned and peace-loving State, a country dedicated since the inception of its independence to the principles of peaceful coexistence, is a’most glaring disclaimer that there are any positive changes in the policy of Israel. 34. Those who have sent the Israeli bombers flying on their death mission far away from the border of their country should remember that neither the Tunisian people nor the Palestinian people can be bombed into submission or forced to change their adherence to self-determination, independence and sovereignty. And, as a matter of fact, no people can be cowed into submission.. 35. Under the Chairmanship of Yasser Arafat, the PLO, the sole and legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, with their determination to win in their struggle for self-determination, for national independence and for the establishment of their own State, is indestructible. Their struggle is just, and they enjoy our full support. 36. The spokesman of the Federal Secretariat for Foreign Affairs of Yugoslavia has pointed out that this ruthless attack reflects the continuity of the policy of aggression, of occupation and of the notorious practice of terrorism to which Israel persistently resorts against the Arab countries and especially against the Palestinian people, in spite of the sharpest opposition from and condemnation by the international community. The spokesman further said that the flagrant violation of the sovereignty of Tunisia was aimed against the security of countries in the region and world peace. At the same time it was, he said, calculated to thwart the efforts of the Arab countries and the wider international community in seeking a just and lasting solution to the Middle Fast crisis and the Palestinian question. 37. In this context, the members of the Council may want to recall that the nonaligned and other countries of the Mediterranean region have of late been investing stren- 38. The United Nations-and m particular the Security Council-is duty bound to meet its responsibility, to act to bring about respect for the principles of the Charter and to see to it that the acts of aggression are met with adequate measures. 39. Only a week ago yesterday, the Security Council held its commemorative meeting on the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of the United Nations. At that meeting the members of the Council pledged that the Council would become a more efficient body for the maintenance of international peace and security. We feel that against the background of that meeting, the Council will not fail to act in order to prevent the repetition of an act such as the one we are discussing here today.

The next speaker is the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. 41. Mr. RAJAIE-KHORASSANI ffslamic Republic of Iran): I begin my statement with verses from The Holy Koran, which is the guideline for the Palestinians, and I hope it will remain so, for them and for all Moslems vis-civis the Zionist enemies: “Leave is given to those who fight &cause they were wronged-surely God is ‘able to help them . . . “Who were expelled from their habitations without right, except that they say ‘Our Lord is God.’ Had God not driven back the people, some by the means of others, there had been destroyed cloisters and churches, oratories and mosques wherein God’s name is much mentioned. Assuredly God will help him who helps Him; surely God is All-strong, All-mighty.“’ 42. The present meeting of the Security Council has been convened once again to examine a Zionist attack, this time on Tunisia. This act of aggression has taken place precisely at a time when the United Nations is celebrating its fortieth anniversary. My sincere congratulations to the United Nations. The present-debate gives evidence of how disgraceful the Zionist base’s occupation of Palestine is and that it has made a mockery of the same international body which, nearly 38 years ago, forged an identity card for that 43. In the invasion of Lebanon, the Zionist base always tried to find some silly justification in alleged sniper shots coming from the Palestinian camps in South Lebanon. But Tunisia is too far away to tit such an excuse. Someone reasonable should ask the lawless occupiers of Palestine why they bombard innocent civilians in Tunisia. The answer, however, is quite clear. 50. It is sad indeed that our Arab brothers are so proud of their Arab nationalism and almost forgetful of Islam, which binds them to hundreds of millions of Muslims all over the world. It is sad that they always rely on the enemy. It is sad that they remain irresponsibly aloof to their inevitable confrontation with the Zionist base. It is sad indeed that they are always proudly in the bosom of their enemies. We must call on them again and again to remind them that: “Verily God Loves those who fight in his cause in battle array as if they are a solid armoured structure.“2 44. The Zionist base, thanks to the American strategic alliance, has attacked residential areas in Tunisia in order to destroy the lives of innocent Palestinian people and Tunisian people and to demonstrate that the international body which once offered an identity card for that illegitimate, lawless regime is still prepared to condone its crimes. 51. The road before the Muslims of the Middle East is clear. It is clear that concessionary, submissive approaches to the enemy are wrong and are merely a stab in the back of the Muslim combatants. 45. It has attacked Tunisia to convince our Arab brothers that the United States is not a reliable friend, but only an age-old enemy in fancy dress. It has attacked Tunisia further to convince our Tunisian brothers that they should never rely on United States friendship, any more than a sheep can rely on the friendship of a wolf. 52. As for the Security Council we, too, believe that the attempt made by some members of the Council, as embodied in the present draft resolution, is helpful. We support it, but only we support it. We also know that in this case, as in many other cases, it might be obstructed by a veto. Furthermore, the Council can never demonstrate more sympathy with the victims of Zionist aggression than now. But such sympathetic, honest attempts-no matter how many and how sincere-will always remain abortive as a result of United States support for the aggressor. 46. It has attacked Tunisia to show that the Palestinians are never immune-never-from the Zionist occupiers of Palestine, no matter how far they keep their distance. It has attacked Tunisia to give another lesson to those Palestinian leaders who have been deceiving themselves with humiliating talks concerning direct negotiations with the Zionist criminals occupying Palestine. 53. The only reasonable avenue left to the Muslim world is to return to Islam and to abide by the Koranic dictum 47. It has attacked Tunisia in order to convince King Hussein of Jordan-whom the Camp David signatories have been using as a means of gaining acceptability for that treacherous accord and as an instrument for paving the way to betraying the cause of Palestine and providing recognition and safety for the lawless occupier of Palestine-that his negotiations cannot alter the aggressive policies of the Zionist base or, as the enemy spokesman said, the attack on Tunisia has no effect on the negotiations. “Make ready for them whatever forces and strings of horses you can, to terrify the enemy of God and your enemy and others beside them that you know not; God knows them and whatever you expend in the way of Allah, shall be repaid you in full, you will not be wronged.“3 Many members of the Security Council, and those among the audience as well, have already learned these Koranic verses because I have recited them on every occasion. 48. I wish our Arab brothers could learn a lesson from this attack, and from so many attacks like it. I wish they could learn a lesson from the occupation of Lebanon. I wish that they had been awakened to what the Zionists have been doing to them. I wish they could show a minimum of readiness for meeting the challenge of the liberation of Palestine. I wish they could make a distinction between their friends and their foes. 54. The Muslim world needs to establish its united Islamic front against global arrogance. Tunisia is a Muslim land, and aggression against it is aggression against the entire Muslim nation. 55. The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, while supporting any draft resolution that supports the Palestinians and the Tunisian victims of this attack, is of the opinion that political action will remain impotent 49. The fleet that has provided fuel to the Zionist planes has been running on Arab oil. The F-16s that have carried out the operation are the products of the United States, the

The next speaker is the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, Mr. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja. I welcome him and invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

I should like to extend my warm congratulations to you, Sir, upon your assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for the month of October. I am confident that with your rich experience and your diplomatic skills, you will be able to guide the proceedings of the Council in a constructive manner. 58. I should also like to take this opportunity to pay tribute to Sir John Thomson, the representative of the United Kingdom, for his able leadership during his term as President of the Council in September. 59. This urgent meeting of the Council has been convened to deal with yet another wanton act of aggression by Israel against the territory of a Member State. Indonesia views with utmost gravity the Israeli air attack directed at Hamman-Plage on the outskirts of the capital city of Tunisia, resulting in the deaths of more than 60 innocent civilians, the wounding of nearly 100 and extensive destruction of the area. My delegation expresses its sympathy and solidarity to the Government and people of Tunisia who have been victimized by that cowardly act. 60. Clearly, the bombing constitutes yet another futile attempt in Israel’s unrelenting efforts to destroy the PLO, the *sole and legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. This crime can only be characterized as Statesponsored terrorism, the barbarity of which cannot be justified under any circumstances. Indeed, even if we were to entertain Israel’s lame justifications, the magnitude of its action is wholly disproportionate to any so-called provocation. 61. The fact of the matter is that in carrying out that dastardly act and then immediately taking responsibility for it, without any expression of remorse or regret over the death of so many innocent people, Israel again demonstrated its utter disregard for the most basic rights of others, particularly the right to life. Moreover, the assault on ’ the PLO headquarters must be viewed in the context of Israel’s avowed war of annihilation against the Palestinians, be it in Lebanon or in the territory of its other neighbours, in the occupied territories or, this time, in a country that is 1,500 miles from its border. The potential ramifications of this unprecedented action must be clear to us all, for Palestinians are.today dispersed throughout the world in numerous Arab and non-Arab countries. The broader 62. Neither the circumstances nor the specificity of events are in dispute. Nor are the norms of international law and civilized behaviour, which have been blatantly violated, in question. Clearly, Israel has again flouted at will the most fundamental tenets of the Charter-namely, respect for the territorial integrity and sovereignty of States, the non-use of force, non-intervention and noninterference. We are therefore astonished to note that some quarters appear to be reluctant to condemn what is undeniably a clear case of lawless behaviour. 63. On its part, the Indonesian Government condemns the Israeli attack and expresses total solidarity with the Government of Tunisia in its demands for reparations and for concrete guarantees that Israel will desist from the perpetration or the threat of such acts. 64. The Tunisian tragedy is but one more example of Israel’s perverted sense of immunity from international accountability. In this regard, my delegation cannot but note that such an attitude is inherently related to the inability of the Security Council adequately to exercise its authority in enforcing its decisions in the past. For.Israel seems to be convinced that it will always be shielded from any Council sanction by its friends and protectors. At this critical stage it is the solemn duty of the Council to meet adequately Israel’s challenge to the Charter by responding with appropriate measures and actions. 65. It appears clear that Israel’s resort to force is also designed to thwart any efforts to reach a just and lasting peace in the Middle East. My delegation believes that that was a basic consideration in its decision to commit aggression against Tunisia, because in every instance that the United Nations has sought to embark on a fresh initiative to establish a structure for comprehensive negotiations, Israel has consistently frustrated those efforts through stepped-up repression of the Palestinian Arabs and aggression against its neighbours. 66. Indeed, the search for a durable solution to the Arab- Israeli conflict has become locked into a most depressing pattern of moving from one crisis to the next, without ever budging significantly from the impasse that has persisted, or has been allowed to persist, over this problem. In the meantime, far from yielding new opportunities towards a solution, continued delay has brought about added complications and even more dangerous dimensions to the conflict, as evinced by the crisis of which the Council is presently seized. 67. MY Government. therefore. has always been acutely aware of the need for all of us to persevere in the only sensible path towards a peaceful and comprehensive settlement, which is through a process of negotiation involving the international machinery which we have collectively created and designed for that very purpose: the United Nations. 74. Although we had learned about the event that morning through international cables, we were particularly moved by the statement made at our meeting by Mr. Beji CaId Essebsi, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Tunisia, who reported to us this unjustifiable act of aggression committed in cold blood by Israel against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of his country and also against our brothers in the Palestine Liberation Organization, with the genocidal aim of destroying its heroic resistance.

The next speaker is the representative of Nicaragua. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

You have assumed the presidency of this important body, Sir, in the very month when we celebrate the fortieth anniversary of the Organization. It is barely a week since the Security Council held a commemorative meeting to consider the item “United Nations for a better world and the responsibility of the Security Council in maintaining international peace and security”. In addition to hearing the statements of the 15 members of the Council, we listened very carefully to the statement made on behalf of all the Council’s members by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the United Kingdom, who presided over that meeting, in which he said: 75. That same day, we learned of official statements of the United States Government which said that the attack perpetrated by Israeli aircraft, 1,500 miles away from Israeli territory and in which many Tunisian and Palestinian civilians lost their lives, was legitimate and justifiable. In trying to justify the attack, President Reagan said that nations had the right to take retaliatory actions against terrorist attacks. He thereby justified State terrorism, disregarding the right of peoples to determine their own future and to oppose those who refuse to recognize the changes demanded by history and reality. “The members of the Council . .’ . acknowledge that the high hopes placed in the Organization by the international Council had not been fully met and undertook to fulfil their individual and collective responsibility for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace with renewed dedication and determination.” [2608th meeting, para. 337.1 76. In various regions of the world, thousands of kilometers apart, the United States has been making possible and carrying out similar actions against the Arab peoples, the front-line States and Nicaragua. That proves that this major Power .is the centre for the co-ordination of the terrorist actions of its henchmen. At the meeting of the Coordinating Bureau of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries held on 26 July in New York as well as at its most recent Ministerial meeting, held at Luanda, my country vehemently denounced the threats by the United States of new terrorist attacks and the socalled surgical operations or selective bombing operations. We said on both occasions that such threats were not directed solely against Nicaragua;but in fact constituted a danger to other nonaligned and third-world countries. Thus, in order to justify such criminal .acts which violate the international legal order, President Reagan has for some time now been speaking about the existence of a confederation of terrorist States. He went on to say in that important statement, “They agreed to employ appropriate measures available under the Charter when considering international disputes, threats to the peace, breaches of the peace and acts of aggression” [ibid.], and that the members were also aware of “the special rights and responsibilities of its permanent members” [ibid]. ‘71. Today, Sir, as the representative of a permanent member of the Council, you are presiding over our debates, which are taking place as a result of acts of aggression that threaten and are a direct breach of international peace and security. It is our firm hope that impartiality will prevail here, and that we shall honour our commitment to consider and to apply in this specific case the measures provided for in the Charter. 77. The facts we are examining today make clear, once again, who the terrorists are and who is defending them, who the true members of that “country club of terrorism”- the Washington/Tel Aviv/Pretoria terrorist axis-are. 78. Violations of airspace and territorial waters, military manoeuvres, threats of takeovers and illegal occupation of territory, selective bombing, the use of neighbouring tenitories as bases for aggression and for the training of mercenaries, acts of sabotage, air strikes and naval attacks, the mining of ports: all these are forms of United States aggression against Nicaragua, and they are the same tactics used by Israel and South Africa against the Arab nation and the front-line States. 72. Here I wish to express my congratulations to Sir John Thomson of the United Kingdom on his skilful presidency of the Council during the past month. 73. On 1 October this. year the Movement of Non- Aligned Countries met at the ministerial level at United Nations Headquarters, as it has been our custom to do every year. We had no idea whatever that that meeting 80. Let us reflect. Let us heed the calls of the small nations which, in order to defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity, have recourse to this organ, which has pledged itself to the prevention and elimination of threats to the peace. Let us heed the call of the Secretary-General, recently repeated in the Council, for the use of preventive measures necessary for the strengthening of this body and the maintenance of international peace and security, which are constantly threatened by the existence of hotbeds of tension which are becoming worse. 81. We would like to take this opportunity to offer to the delegation of Tunisia and to the people and Government of Tunisia our heartfelt condolences on the loss of life of innocent persons caused by the criminal attack, and our firm and active solidarity. We offer our condolences also to the PLO, the sole representative of the heroic Palestinian people, whose just struggle will not be tarnished or deterred by dastardly and criminal actions such as the one recently perpetrated. 82. The Security Council must show through deeds the renewed commitment that was solemnly expressed in the settlement by its President last month [ibid.] and, echoing the declaration by the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries and the calls of the international community, must take the necessary measures which are none other than those envisaged in Chapter VII of the Charter. Otherwise, the credibility of the Council will be undermined and this fortieth anniversary celebration by our Organization will be dishonoured.

The next speaker is Mr. Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada, Secretary-General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, to whom the Council at its 2613th meeting extended an invitation under rule 39 of its provisional rules of procedure. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. 84. Mr. PIRZADA: I thank you, Mr. President, and the other members of the Council for providing me the opportunity to participate in the deliberations of the Council in my capacity as the Secretary-General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, which comprises 45 members. I should also like to congratulate you on your assumption of the office of the presidency of the Council for the month of October. 85. The present meeting of the Security Council has been convened to consider the Tunisian complaint regarding the @provoked and savage air attack by Israel on a residential area of Tunis-where some offices of the PLO were also located-in violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Tunisia. The wanton Israeli aggression against a peace-loving member of the Organization of the Islamic 86. It was only a few days ago, on 26 September, that the Security Council held a high-level meeting at which its members reaffirmed and renewed their commitment to work for international peace and security, to make the Organization more effective and enhance its role and authority. The violation by Israel of the norms of conduct between States, of the Charter of the United Nations, of international law and of morality, which has resulted in the death of so many innocent civilians and which has come so shortly after that solemn occasion, is a challenge to the international community which must be given an adequate and appropriate response. 87. It is evident that the attack by Israel against Tunisia and against the PLO offices in Tunis was motivated solely by Israel’s determination that the peace process initiated by the Arab States and the PLO in their search for a comprehensive and durable peace in the Middle East should be frustrated. The flimsy pretext that the attack was undertaken as a reprisal for the death in Cyprus of three Israelis cannot bear objective scrutiny. It is sufficient to note that the PLO has disclaimed responsibility for the murders. Many news stories and commentaries which appeared regarding the attack also agreed that it had not been carried out by the PLO. The attackers themselves have stated that they do not belong to the PLO. It is clear, therefore, that the Cyprus incident has been used as a ploy to attempt to justify a pre-planned and premeditated attack against the sovereignty of a State Member of the United Nations, in an effort to block any movement towards peace in the Middle East. 88. This act of aggression by Israel is not an isolated incident. The history of Israel is replete with similar actions by the Zionists, which have been aimed at frustrating all efforts towards peace. Ever since its creation, Israel has time and again committed aggression against neighbours, against other Arab States and against the people of Palestine. Israel’s occupation of the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights, its attack against civilian Iraqi nuclear installations and its aggression in Lebanon are all examples of a deliberate policy. Israel does not desire peace. It thrives on the continuation of conflict and tension. Peace would foreclose its expansionist designs. Peace appears to Israel to be a threat to its existence, because it would not then be able to use the pretext of the state of hostility with the Arab countries to obtain the colossal economic and military assistance it receives at present. It has, therefore, systematically rejected and defeated every effort to promote peace in the Middle East. One recent example is its rejection of the United Nations decision to hold an international conference on the Middle East with the participation of all parties concerned and some members of the Security Council. 89. Israel thus stands exposed as the root cause of the conflict in the area. It has demonstrated by its actions that 90. It is a perverted, twisted and strange logic whereby the oppressed people of Palestine, who are struggling against heavy odds to regain their national rights, are termed terrorists and their oppressors, who have forcibly scattered them to various parts of the world and who continue relentlessly to hound them, are seeking to hoodwink the world by using such lofty concepts’ as self-defence to cloak their terrorism, aggression and naked and brutal use of force. 91. The Organization of the Islamic Conference has consistently held that the root cause of the problem in the Middle East lies in the denial of the inalienable right of the Palestinian people to return to their homes, to exercise their right of self-determination and to establish a State of their own in Palestine under the leadership of the PLO, the sole authentii representative of the Palestinian people, as recognized by the United Nations and other international organizations. Until such time as the rights of the people of Palestine are restored to them, peace will not return to this war-torn region. Furthermore, no lasting and durable peace can be established without the withdrawal of Israel from all occupied Palestinian and Arab territories, including the Holy City of Jerusalem. 92. Immediately upon receipt of the news of this savage attack against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Tunisia, I issued a statement on behalf of the Organization of the Islamic Conference expressing our deep sense of indignation and outrage at this barbarous and criminal act. I also called upon the Security Council to meet immediately in order to invoke and apply appropriate measures, including censure, condemnation and sanctions, as provided for in the Charter, against the Israeli rigime. It is a matter of gratification to the Islamic world that the Council responded to that demand immediately. 93. This Zionist crime of unprovoked naked aggression undermines the very basis of international law and morality. It provides proof of Zionist perfidy and exposes the Zionist entity as a major threat to international peace and security. We therefore expect that the Council will fulfil its primary responsibility under the Charter and condemn the Israeli raid against ,Tunisia. It must also consider the imposition of sanctions, as provided for in the Charter, to bring the arrogant Israeli rt?gime to its senses. The whole world is watching the debate in the Council, and the Council’s stand against this act of terrorism will to a large extent determine the respect the United Nations will enjoy among its Member States in the future. If the Council cannot act on the fortieth anniversary of the United Nations, when many. Governments have reaffirmed at the level of their 94. Before concluding. I should like to olace on record the support and soli&ity of the whole Islamic world towards Tunisia and the people of Palestine. We offer our deepest sympathy and condolences to the families of those who have lost their lives, and we fully support the demand of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Tunisia for reparations from the Zionist entity for the death and damage it has caused by committing this outrage against the sovereignty of a Member State.

The next speaker is the representative of Malta. I invite him to take-a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

. I congratulate you, Sir, on your assuming the heavy responsibilities of President for this month, and sincerely wish you every success. 97. I thank the members of the Council for allowing me to speak, and apologize for intruding on their valuable time. 98. I wish also to compliment the members on the successful meeting of the Council held at the ministerial level on 26 September, and in particular to praise the dedication of Sir John Thomson, the representative of the United Kingdom, for having first initiated and then nurtured and so ably put the finishing touches on that collegial enterprise. My admiration also goes to the distinguished Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of his country for the excellent summing-up at the end. The success of that meeting portends, I firmly believe, a good omen for the future. I hope it will be pursued actively in the future. 99. It is therefore all the more regrettable that the current debates in the Council send us back almost to square one. 100. In truth, the events under discussion are tragic in more ways than one. 101. They are, of course, naturally tragic because of the heavy loss of life inflicted and the value of property destroyed as was detailed in the opening statement of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Tunisia. To all the victims of violence, Malta expresses its deepest sympathy. 102. The events are tragic because they manifest once again the easy, lavish availability of, and almost automatic recourse to, military means in the Arab-Israeli conflict. 103. They are tragic because of the short-sightedly pemicious nature of the militaristic action-reaction phenomenon which predominates, with little or no regard for its long-term repercussions and with even less regard for the consequent erosion of the sacrosanct principles of international behaviour. 105. They are tragic because as soon as a new spring of hope has stirred in the Middle East, Israel has invariably and repeatedly resorted to military means to blow those hopes sky high. 106. All this, it must be said with regret, arises from the inverted logic that Israeli leaders apply mainly to the cause, but also to the symptoms, of the question of Palestine. It is as manifest in Israeli actions in the field as it is in statements made by their representatives here, the latest only confirming this unyielding attitude. 107. Finally, it is also tragic because ot the indifference or actual opposition of influential countries so far to the crying need for concerted action to encourage, promote and guarantee a comprehensive solution. 108. Once again, I cannot but recall that a prescription for peace has lain before the Security Council for almost 10 years, being lethargically discussed at periodic intervals under pressure from the General Assembly but, so far at any rate, mostly ignored, and ‘consequently not offering sufficient encouragement to peaceful progress, which is so sorely absent in the Middle East. 109. My country feels exceptionally strongly on this issue, mainly because fundamental principles of justice and peace are at stake but also because of the adverse repercussions of the unresolved issue on our volatile region in the Mediterranean. The latest incident only confirms our worst fears. 110. A comprehensive statement by.the Minister for Foreign Affairs was made two days ago in the Parliament of Malta, I shall now quote the most relevant extracts: “This act not only gives rise to our concern but, on the basis of contacts and reports reaching us, we join others in strongly condemning this aggressive act against a country far removed from the centre of conflict, a friendly country and a staunch ally of Malta and of the people of Palestine, to whom we have given support in their quest for an independent homeland. “This incident should also open the eyes of all Maltese to the consequential perils of this act of aggression against Tunisian territory and against Tunisian and Palestinian people. “In the face of this act, and taking into account the geographic distance which separates Israel from Tunisia, we have to remain constantly alert and to cooperate with those who are searching not only for those ‘responsible for this horrible act but also for those who may have assisted in its execution. “It seems impossible that this act was carried out by a single country from its own territory-that is, from “I would like to add that the Maltese Government not only condemns what has happened but would also point out the dangers of allowing the conflict in the Middle East to spread to North Africa. We join other non-aligned countries who wish to ensure that similar acts of piracy do not spread and engulf others and that such acts are not repeated. “In conclusion, we cannot accept any type of excep tion or justification for any country to take the law into its own hands in such a manner, or for any other courrtry to condone or excuse such aggression, The facts available simply do not allow of such excuses.*’ 111. For all these reasons, and for almost a decade, we have worked assiduously and objectively in helping to forge an international consensus on the essential parameters for a comprehensive and peaceful solution. the details are on record. They have already gained overwhelming support. But they need the final touch that heals, that overcomes stalemate, that endows legitimacy and provides the assurances that encourage overdue concessions and mutual recognition. 112. This latest tragic incident throws us back, but only reinforces our determination to work for peace. 113. One of your visits to my country, Mr. President, coincided with a landmark in Malta’s history. It was then a great period of trial. At that time, the island was a heap of rubble, victim of seemingly endless aerial bombardment. The civilian population was within .hours of mass starvation. The arbiters of our destiny at that time tinalized plans for the military evacuation of the island. The civilian population was to be left to fend for itself. It was then our darkest hour. But the people remained steadfast in their determination to survive and to-secure peace. And their fervent prayers were answered. Their finest hour also’had come. As suddenly as it had started, the deafening crescendo of clash and clamour ceased. The rain of fire from the skies was extinguished. The dust from the rubble settled and was replaced by brilliant sunshine, which extended over the starving population the warmth of peace and serenity. An almost forgotten silence pervaded the island, until church bells rang the joyous signal that the strife was over, that relief was at hand. 114. On that’same day, therefore, dawned our contemporary history. Gradually, but determinedly, we have turned away from war ever since. We have removed the scars, put our past behind us and dedicated ourselves exclusively to the cause of peace and economic progress, not only at home but also in our region. As a result, the countries that attacked us, as well as those that defended us in the past, are among our best friends and our biggest trading partners today, and many new friends have joined their 115. I am pleased to note that the draft resolution before the Council meets all of Malta’s preoccupations. It only remains, therefore, for me to appeal to all the members of the Council, to the parties directly involved-and, particularly, to the Israeli leaders-finally to turn away from their bitter past and present policies, to proceed to the conference table under United Nations auspices, to build together the foundations of peace and security for all, to render fundamental justice to the Palestinian people. Only through this enlightened approach can the peace which we all desire be attained. No country can afford to stand aloof from this process. Malta undertakes to continue to exert its best efforts until success is achieved.

The next sneaker is the representative of Mauritania. I invite him io take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

I would have liked it to be possible for the Minister for Foreign Affairs of my country to be present in New York to speak before the Council. 118. Mauritania feels, Sir, that you are supremely well qualified to preside over the deliberations of the Council and we wish you the fullest success in the conduct of its deliberations during this month. We feel that your extensive experience in international affairs, is a guarantee of success in our work. 119. I should like to congratulate your predecessors, the permanent representative and the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth.Affairs of the United Kingdom, on the exemplary way in which they conducted the work of the Council last month. 120. The Council is meeting today at the request of a sister country, Tunisia, in order to discuss the treacherous Israeli attack against its sovereignty and territorial integrity. Tunisia is an independent State Member of the United Nations, well known for its wisdom, its love of peace and its neutrality. Mauritania most vigorously condemns that Israeli aggression and deems it to be contrary to interna-, tional rules and customs. My country wishes to affnrn its total solidarity with Tunisia, not only because it is a sister Arab African Muslim country, but also because we maintain close relations with Tunisia and have concluded special agreements with it which require that we make common cause with it in times of trouble. 121. The Israeli aggression against Tunisia was followed very quickly by a surprise attack against our sister country Angola by the racist South African forces. Those two regimes have given the international community proof of 122. Mauritania urges the African ‘States, the non- African Arab States and all peace-loving countries to unite to form a common front against the racist Zionist aggression of Israel and South Africa. 123. Throughout its history, Israel has disregarded the resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly. By attacking Tunisia on Tuesday, 1 October, it showed yet again that it has no serious thoughts of peace and that it finds its true role in aggression and warfare. While the entire international community was exploring ways of achieving peace, Israel chose that precise moment to violate the sovereignty of an independent African Arab Member State, thus giving fresh proof of its arrogance and its total disregard of the principles of the United Nations and of international law. 124. That act’ of aggression was just one more in a long list of such acts of aggression against Arab States and peoples. Israel violated the sovereignty of Iraq by bombing a nuclear reactor designed for peaceful purposes. It invaded Lebanon, spreading destruction in that peaceful country. It occupied and annexed the Syrian Golan Heights. It attacked Uganda, and several times made incursions into Egypt. All this it did to block all progress in the Arab or African countries. Israel has continued to, occupy Palestine and to press ahead with its expansion in Palestine, to the detriment of the Palestinian people. 125. It now alleges as grounds for its attack against Tunisia the presence of Palestinians in that country, Palestinians who were in fact driven out of their homeland at bayonet point by the Israelis and are now being relentlessly tracked down, wherever they may be, to be eliminated physically. Despite the odious nature of the crimes it has committed for this purpose,, the Israelis will never succeed in conquering the Palestinian people or burying their cause. 126. We all recognize the rights of individuals to life, dignity and independence. Our recognition of those rights must be given more concrete form. We must therefore call upon justice-loving and peace-loving countries-and particularly those countries that bear special responsibilities under the Charter-to show solidarity with Tunisia. Israel is a dangerous military base equipped with nuclear weapons. The great Powers must do whatever is necessary to put an end to Israel’s aggression and extremism. Israel may well commit further acts of aggression that will jeopardize international peace and security-such an eventuality certainly cannot be ruled out. No one can say that the next target will necessarily be one of the Arab States. Perhaps tomorrow Israel may try to take on other States, States that have a long record of respect for human rights and of providing asylum for refugees. 128. Mauritania urges the Council vigorously to condemn the Israeli aggression against Tunisia and to compel Israel to pay fair compensation and reparations for the damage caused. We also urge the Council to adopt whatever measures are necessary to prevent a recurrence of such acts in future.

The next speaker is the representative of Bangladesh. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. President, I wish to thank you and, through you, the other members of the Council for their response to our delegation’s request to participate in the present deliberations. Permit me to extend to you, Sir, our warmest felicitations on your assumption of the presidency of the Council for the month of October. It is indeed a historic month, coinciding as it does with the observance of the fortieth anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. The relationships between our two countries are marked by close bonds of friendship and co-operation. We are confident that under your able and proven stewardship the Council will achieve fruitful and constructive results. 131. May I also take this opportunity to convey our deep appreciation to your predecessor, Sir John Thomson, the representative of the United Kingdom, for the admirable manner in which he guided the work of the Council during the past month. We wish also to pay a special tribute to Sir Geoffrey Howe, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the United Kingdom, for the exemplary skill with which he presided over the special commemorative meeting of the Council last week. 132. It is unfortunate that as the United Nations observes the fortieth anniversary of its founding, one of its Members, Israel, in flagrant violation of all norms of international law and the principles and purposes of the Charter, has once again unleashed an act of aggression against the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of another Member State. This time the victim of the premeditated Israeli aggression is a friendly and peace-loving country, Tunisia, which is more than 1,500 miles away from the Israeli borders. The latest Israeli act of aggression is by no means an isolated incident but constitutes yet another link in the long chain of Israeli policies of relentless expansion, occupation and unabated aggression against the Palestinian people and Israel’s Arab neighbours. Preceding speakers, particularly the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Tunisia and the head of the Political Department of the PLO, have in their statements already given a comprehensive account of this totally unjustified and blatant Israeli attack. “The Government and the people of Bangladesh are deeply outraged by the barbaric and murderous assault of Israel on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the brotherly Republic of Tunisia. The Zionist entity must bear full international responsibility for this crime against peace and against humanity. The Government and people of Bangladesh are with you and the brave people of Tunisia in this hour of trial.” 134. The unprovoked Israeli attack against a peaceloving sovereign Member State cannot be based on any moral or legal justification. On the contrary, it testifies to Israel’s intransigence and arrogance and to its utter lack of respect for the principles and purposes of the Charter. We cannot accept the Israeli argument that it has the right to attack any State at any time on the basis of its selfconceived self-defence. 135. The international community must firmly oppose the propagation of such a new doctrine of State terrorism. The latest Israeli act of deliberate American aggression must be condemned in clear and categorical terms, and Israel should be asked to pay appropriate reparations. At the same time, we should take all necessary measures to prevent the recurrence of such acts of aggression. 136. The latest Israeli attack is yet another manifestation of its relentless drive to eliminate the Palestinian people and their sole and legitimate representative, the PLO. But our heroic Palestinian brothers have demonstrated beyond any shadow of a doubt during the past four decades that the Israeli policies of repression, subjugation and forced exile will not deter them from the restoration of their inalienable rights to freedom and national independence. 137. The Government and the people of Bangladesh have reiterated their firm support and solidarity with the Palestinian people atid their sole and legitimate representative, the PLO. In a message addressed to Mr. Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the PLO, President Ershad stated: “I have learned with shock and dismay of the bombing attacks carried out by the Israeli enemy on the PLO headquarters in Tunis. I strongly condemn this gross violation of the territorial integrity of a brotherly Moslim country by the enemies of Islam and mankind. This despicable act perpetrated on the peace-loving people of Tunisia and the PLO, which has been waging a struggle for achievement of its legitimate rights, militates against all international norms of civilized conduct and 138. A number of speakers have already pointed out that the motive behind the latest Israeli act of aggression is to jeopardize the recent initiatives for the restoration of peace in the Middle East. Israel, in the face of a growing international consensus in favour of the Arab and Palestinian cause, has once again resorted to the use of force to heighten tension in the region with a view to frustrating the current international effort to resolve peacefully the problems in the Middle East. We salute our Arab brothers who, in the face of such unprovoked aggression and relentless expansion, have demonstrated the utmost restraint and statesmanship and have made every possible effort to obtain a durable peace in the Middle East. 139. It is now universally recognized that any meaningful effort to bring peace to the region must be based on a just, lasting and comprehensive solution of the problems in the Middle East. It is also clearly evident now that the problems in the Middle East can only be solved through a concerted international effort under the auspices of the United Nations. My delegation therefore attaches particular importance to the early convening of the proposed international peace conference on the Middle East, and we fully appreciate the Secretary-General’s current initiative to that end. 140. The latest Israeli act of aggression is clearly a breach of all norms of international law and the principles and objectives of the Charter. The Council must therefore act tirmly and resolutely to prevent the recurrence of such acts of international terrorism. The failure of the Council in the past to implement its own decisions and resolutions has only encouraged Israel to intensify its policies of aggression against the Palestinian people and its Arab neighbours, thereby threatening international peace and security every now and then. The time has now come for the Council to reassert its authority through concrete and firm action.

The next speaker is the representative of Saudi Arabia. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

I should like at the outset, Sir, to congratulate you on your assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for this month. Our knowledge of your qualities and experience assures us that under your presidency the Council will achieve the aspirations of a world striving for righteousness, freedom and the implementation of international law. 143. I should also like to express my appreciation to your predecessor in the presidency, Sir John Thomson, for the competence and wisdom with which he directed the proceedings of the Council. 145. The reason cited is a false pretext and the justilications given jolt the conscience of humanity. A Member State has attacked with war planes the land and the people of another Member State under the pretext of avenging acts that took place in a third country. Does there exist even in the law of the jungle a rule more dangerous than this for the security of the international community? I should like to ask the international community whether, while Israel commits these crimes, any country in the world remains safe from aggression if we fail to adopt actions to deter the recurrence of such an act and impose penalties for its perpetration? Is there any country, large or small, that can claim immunity from such aggression? Does there exist a crime greater than this in the violation of law and attacks upon others? Does there exist a crime greater than this, for the prevention of which the Charter was formulated? 146. The problem today is the flagrant act of aggression against Tunisia. I do not wish to dwell in detail now on the problem of Palestine and on the whole series of Israeli crimes pertaining to it. I should like to ask, however, what option has henceforth been left for the Palestinians to resort to while the Israeli authorities claim that they are fighting the Palestinians everywhere-including women and children-and while malicious forces are endeavouring to block all roads to peace available to them. 147. That the aggression against Tunisia is a crime punishable by law there is no doubt, except in the eyes of those who do not wish peace to prevail, and that it is a dangerous act that threatens every State in the world community is a fact known to all of us. 148. We have stressed in the past, and we reiterate once again, that the most dangerous form of terrorism is State terrorism. It is an arrow that rebounds to the heart of its perpetrator. Israel perpetrates it freely and with impunity, but for how long can it continue to do so? 149. If Israel is exposed to retaliatory acts by the Palestinians, whose country it has occupied and who are fighting to liberate their homeland, it is Israel that has been the original and continuous aggressor against them and their country. But when Tunisia, or any other country in which the Palestinians seek refuge, becomes a target for Zionist aggression, that constitutes an escalation of aggression and terrorism that threatens many countries in the world where Palestinians, or any other people seeking their freedom, are living. 150. That is the other ugly face of racism which the United Nations is fighting in South Africa and elsewhere, and it matches the terrorist acts committed by South Africa and by those who practise international terrorist piracy. It is the real face of Zionism, as a theory and prac- 151. If Tunisia, a peaceful State which adheres to international norms and which is thousands of kilometers away, cannot be safe from Zionist terrorism, what country can be safe? 152. What is the responsibility of the international community which is represented here today? The maintenance of peace and security is a basic duty of the United Nations as well as a primary responsibility of the Security Council, and upon it rest the other objectives of co-operation that we are all trying to achieve. The Council should assume the responsibility for upholding the law and protecting mankind from this dangerous form of aggression so that it can be saved from this cancerous disease. 153. The opportunities for peace in the Middle East that are presented now are the main cause of this crime and the target of its perpetrators. While we condemn the Israeli entity and its acts, designs and crimes, as well as the Zionist way of thinking and its explanations and justifications, we hope that the Member States represented on the Council will not hesitate to take a firm and proper stand that complies with the Charter, so that the Council will not have to answer to history for the responsibility of encouraging these crimes and retreating from its commitments. 154. Two hundred million Arabs constitute a large nation, and it would be a mistake for Israel, having made war its choice, to believe that it can win in the end. 155. We call upon the Council to make peace its choice today, and to express the civilized world’s opinion by implementing international law and putting an end to such crimes. 156. We stand with the people, the Government and the State of brotherly Tunisia; we support it fully, and we call upon the international community to rise to its responsibilities in maintaining peace. 157. We in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia share with our brothers in Tunisia, with the Palestinian people everywhere and with all States and peoples striving for peace and justice their indignation over these crimes. We hope that the Council’s stand today will open the doors to a just peace. 158. A State based on injustice lasts but an hour, whereas a State founded on righteousness lasts for. ever.

The next speaker is the representative of Afghanistan. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. 161. The Security Council is called upon once again to consider yet another serious breach of international law by an entity which has been -found ,guilty on umpteen other occasions of violating the fundamental norms of intemational law. This time it is the territorial integrity and sovereignty of a peaceful Arab country, Tunisia, which has been subjected to a flagrant violation by that arrogant entity. The international community is offered yet more irrefutable evidence of the criminal policy of State terrorism perpetrated by the Zionist entity against the Palestinians in particular and the Arab world at large. That evidence proves beyond any shadow of doubt the aggressive and warmongering nature of Israeli ruling circles, which recognize no legal or moral boundary in the pursuit of their expansionist goals. 162. It was with horror’and deep indignation that the international community learned of the barbaric air raid by the Israeli Air Force on the premises of the, Palestine Liberation Organization in Borj-Cedria on the outskirts of Tunis, murdering 67 Palestinians and Tunisians, including women and children, injuring scores of others and inflicting severe material losses, That horrendous act of aggression and terror is undoubtedly part and parcel of the overall Israeli strategy physically to annihilate the sole and legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, the PLO, and to make a reality of Zionist hallucination of the so-called greater Israel. 163. The chronology of events in the recent history of the region clearly testifies to the fact that Israel, by virtue of its deeds and actions, is ‘an outlaw, an aggressive and nonpeaceful entity. It is more than clear, however, that Israel’s blatant defiance of United Nations resolutions could not have resisted the pressure of world public opinion had it not been for the unlimited political, economic and military support rendered to it by United States imperialism. 164. Because it is pouring billions of dollars’ worth of sophisticated weapons into the Israeli war machine, it is in fact the United States itself that has been engaged in a protracted war against the Palestinian and other Arab nations. It is precisely such unconditional assistance by the United States that has enabled Israel to invade first one Arab country and then another, to continue its illegal hold on the Palestinian and Arab territories it has occupied since 1967 and to escalate its repressive actions in the occupied territories against defenceless populations. 165. The United States once again demonstrated its culpability in the Israeli actions by making an effort-albeit futile-to legitimize the recent Israeli aggression. 166. It is indeed the support for Israel by the United States that constitutes the stumbling block on the way to 167. While vehementlv condemning Israel’s wanton act of aggression against Tunisia and &-Palestinians residing in Tunis, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan believes that this totally unjustified action should serve as a sad reminder of the grave tragedy that has befallen the valiant people of Palestine. Driven away in an-inhuman fashion from their land and property, Palestinians in the diaspora have been denied security even hundreds of miles away from their occupied land. 168. It is our strong belief that unless a solution is found to the question of Palestine, there cannot be any possibility of bringing peace to the Middle East. The question of Palestine lies at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, and it can be resolved only if the Palestinians effectively exercise their inalienable rights, including the right to establish their own national State in Palestine. The repeated failures of the attempts to find a solution through partial or separate deals dictate, forcefully and convincingly, the need to seek a comprehensive settlement. 169. We must not allow the present state of affairs to continue any longer. The United Nations, and the Security Council in particular, must exert every effort to pave the way to the convening of an international peace conference on the Middle East, as called for in General Assembly resolution 38158 C. In the meantime, the Council should adopt effective mandatory sanctions against Israel under Chapter VII of the Charter, with a view to restraining the Zionist perpetrators of the recent savage air bombing of Palestinian and Tunisian premises in Tunis. 170. I should like to express our sympathy for and solidarity with our Palestinian brothers and the people and Government of Tunisia. 171. In conclusion, I wish to thank the Council, through you, Mr. President, for the opportunity afforded my delegation briefly to present its views on the item under discussion.

The next speaker is the representative of Viet Nam. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

At the outset., I should like to congratulate you, Sir, and &tend to you my best wishes on your assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for October. 174. I thank all the members of the Council for giving me the opportunity today to participate in the discussion 175. The whole world is shocked and outraged by the bombing attack perpetrated by Israel in cold blood and without any provocation against a densely populated area of Tunis, the capital of the Republic of Tunisia, an independent and sovereign country and a Member of the United Nations. Nothing could possibly justify, such an act, committed in flagrant violation of the rules of intemational law and the principles of the Charter. Despite one isolated and pitifully discordant opinion characterizing this act as legitimate and an act of self-defence, enlightened international opinion has unanimously characterized it as a criminal act of aggression and international terrorism. The exceptional seriousness of this outrageous raid has, indeed, been clearly brought out by previous speakers in this Council. I therefore need not dwell on it now. 176. I shall limit myself to informing the Council that on 2 October the spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam made a statement on this subject, which I now have the honour to read out to the Council: “On 1 October 1985, a large number of Israeli aircraft brazenly violated the airspace of the Republic of Tunisia, frenziedly bombing the PLO headquarters in a suburb of Tunis, causing heavy losses of life and property to the Tunisian and Palestinian people. This is a criminal act of aggression against the independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Tunisia and against the Palestinian patriotic forces, in gross contravention Of international law, and insolently challenging the Arab, African and non-aligned countries and the peaceand justice-loving forces throughout the world. “With the connivance of the United States and other reactionary forces, Tel Aviv is further intensifying its policy of aggression and barbarous terrorism against the Palestinian Liberation Movement, as well as its policy of threats and pressures designed to prevent support from the Arab countries for the just struggle of the Palestinian people for their fundamental national rights. “The people and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam most vehemently condemn the above brazen act of aggression committed by the Israeli authorities against the Republic of Tunisia and the barbarous act of terrorism against the PLO, and firmly demand that Israel immediately end all its acts of aggression and expansion in the Middle East and strictly respect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Tunisia and of other Arab countries as well as the legitimate national rights of the Palestinian people. “The people and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam once again reaffirm their resolute support for the struggle of Tunisia and other Arab 177. Given the exceptional gravity of the act of aggression perpetrated by Israel against the Republic of Tunisia, my delegation calls upon the Council to condemn it vigorously and to adopt the effective measures which are at its disposal to prevent similar crimes from being committed in the future.

I propose now, with the concurrence of the members of the Council, to suspend this meeting. l?ze meeting was suspended at 6.25 p.m. and resumed at 7.20 p.m.

The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Tunisia, Mr. Beji CaId Essebsi, has asked to speak, and I now call upon him.

At the end of the fourth meeting in this highly encouraging debate, during which many representatives, in addition to those who are members of the Council, have spoken, I wish to express my gratitude to you, Mr. President, and to your colleagues for having once again allowed me to speak. 18 1. My first concern is to convey to all speakers the heartfelt gratitude of my country as well as its warm congratulations. Tunisia is proud to have encountered here such great solidarity on the part of brotherly and friendly countries, a solidarity resulting from the policy of peace, friendship and co-operation which it has followed ceaselessly since its independence and which it continues to pursue with the majority of nations. Tunisia is also proud of having in a way given the whole international community an opportunity to make the voice of legality and morality heard, the voice of the higher principles of law and justice with which the Charter has entrusted to the Security Council the noble and formidable task of being the vigilant guardian. 182. Is there any need for me, as the representative of Tunisia, to review those obvious facts which characterized the aggression of which my country has been the innocent victim and, above all, the false allegations which clearly are aimed at distorting those facts, both within and outside the Council-with the aim, albeit unstated, of misleading international opinion and legitimizing a criminal act that nothing could ever justify? I believe that the international community as a whole has already passed judgement on these allegations through the statements made by its representatives over these past days. However, to those who still have some doubts or who want to take a hopelessly partisan position, I wish to say the following. *Quoted in English by the speaker. 184. Secondly, it is true that the Palestinian leadership has been given Tunisian hospitality. Everyone knows that. I would even say that no one has objected to it-quite the contrary, and I hope that I have made myself perfectly clear. But I would add that we are speaking here of political leadership, of the legitimate representation of the Palestinian people, of that genuine interlocutor with which discussions must be held if there is a real will to achieve a viable settlement in the Middle East. None the less, Tunisia has not become a military base, and, a fortiori, has not become a terrorist base. No act of terrorism has been perpetrated from Tunisian territory. No Tunisian has been implicated in any such act. 185. Thirdly, it is at the very least wrong to attach to an Article of the Charter a meaning that is diametrically opposed to that which it undoubtedly has, In fact, Article 51 gives a Member State the inherent right of self-defence in the precise case where an “armed attack” occurs against it. What kind of armed attack is involved here? Is it a Tunisian armed attack against Israel? It is clear that, given the present balance of power, that can only be ruled out. But we are indeed talking of an armed attack-an Israeli armed attack, officially claimed by the Israeli Govemment, against which Tunisia unfortunately has no other means of retaliation than within the framework of the right of self-defence given it by the Charter. 186. In those conditions, it is incumbent upon the United Nations to ensure for Tunisia that right of selfdefenceand not by the method of cowardly attacks for which the Israeli army has gained an unfortunate reputation, sowing death among innocent persons and destroying homes, but by vigorous action dictated by international legality and in keeping with international morality, by a firm condemnation of the illegitimate and unwarranted use of force, by a clear and unambiguous affirmation of the firm will of the international community to prevent and avert the repetition of terrorist acts by a Member State against another Member State in violation of its territorial integrity and sovereignty and finally, by obtaining just reparations for the damage caused by the crime. 188. The Tunisian people, wounded both physically and morally, has been unanimous in condemning this criminal act and in expressing its revulsion at the impunity enjoyed by its perpetrators. This outstanding unanimity has been particularly evident in the unequivocal position taken by the Jewish community, which is an integal part of the national community. The Tunisian people will not understand it if the criminal act of which dozens of its sons and daughters were the innocent victims remains unpunished and if its perpetrators are not subjected to the sanctions that should legally be imposed because of their crime. They will not understand it if, at the cost of many human lives and extensive material damage, they are made to pay for the failure of a blind policy which, to distract the attention of the world from the flagrant violations of international law and the right of peoples to self-determination, strikes at random wherever it sees fit. They will understand it even less if they find themselves seriously and unfairly punished for an action taken to further the cause of peace, at a crucial stage, and with the encouragement of their friends. 189. My country had always believed that, lacking military strength, its strength derived from the principles of law and justice which the mighty of this world are supposed to buttress. We venture to believe it still, and would like to be able to believe it forever. 190. At this late stage of the Council’s discussion, I believe that the issue before it has been well defined. The opinions of all sides have been stated, and we calmly await your decision. We hope that it will be commensurate with the Council’s responsibilities under the Charter.

The representative of Israel has asked to speak in exercise of the right of reply, and I call on him.

I want to say a few words about the two basic arguments that have been raised against Israel’s action taken against the PLO headquarters in Tunisia. The first concerns the violation of territorial sovereignty and the second the disproportionality of the response. 193. As for the violation of sovereignty, we have said before, and it cannot be overlooked or overstated, that the PLO had in Tunisia an extraterritorial base from which they conducted their terrorist operations. We have struck only at this base and at no other facility, buildings or area. But apart from this, a country cannot claim the protection of sovereignty when it knowingly offers a piece of its territory for terrorist activity against other nations, and that is precisely what happened here. Tunisia knew very well what was going on in this extraterritorial base, the plan- 194. The second claim relates to proportionality. What are we discussing here: a vendetta, a calculus of a life for a life? If that were the case we should tally the thousands of innocent people who have fallen victim to the attacks of these ruthless killers. But that is not the issue. We are not dealing here merely with punishing the offenders; we are concerned with the prevention of future crimes, and we aim to weaken and to destroy the nerve-centre of world terror. If that centre continues to operate without suffering any hindrance or encountering any opposition, it will spread its tentacles further and further. No one inside or outside this Chamber should be deluded: no place on earth will be immune from its attacks. So if the question of proportionality is raised, we must take into account not only the thousands who have already fallen victim, but also the many thousands more who will fall if this nervecentre of terror is allowed to operate undisturbed. 195. Let me now pose a simple question: whom are we trying to defend here? Whom are you representatives trying to defend here? Cold-blooded killers of little children, of women, of old men, of innocent travelers, tourists, bystanders, nationals of other countries, who have nothing to do with the issue that these terrorists profess to fight for? These creatures, who are divested of any morality, of any law, of any sense of justice and mercy? These you are defending? For these you are making such a furor-and a furor against those who suffered from their atrocities? 196. Perhaps you representatives think it is an accident that one of the killers in Larnaca was a British neo-Nazi, that the most fervent foreign recruits in the PLO camps in Lebanon were German neo-Nazis, that Yasser Arafat’s model, as he put it, is Haj Amin Al-Husseini, who was Hitler’s ally in the Middle East and later in Europe. Do you think it is an accident that they worked hand in hand with Idi Amin, whose idol was Adolf Hitler? Do you representatives not see that all these people are inspired by the same philosophy that throws morality into the gutter? It is these people whom you are defending. Members of the Council, do not allow civilized people everywhere to cry out, “Shame, shame on such perversion”. Do not allow them to feel that the noble trust once placed in this body has been yet again betrayed. 197. The adoption of this draft resolution would not only be a victory for terrorism, but it would be a new, 198. Many countries which have supported this draft resolution for short-sighted expediency-will suffer-and, I am afraid will suffer soon-its unavoidable consequences. But I can aSsure members of the Council that we in Israel shall never accept it.

The representative of the Syrian Arab Republic has asked to speak in exercise of the right of reply. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

It was my preference earlier on not to exercise the right of reply, because the exercise of the right of reply would actually constitute a dialogue with lies. Quite apart from that, the statement made yesterday afternoon by the Zionist representative does not deserve a reply. There was nothing new in that statement; it was nothing but a boring repetition of the lies we heard a minute ago from the Zionist representative. He twists international law to his liking; he distorts the provisions of the Charter to his liking. Indeed, every time the Security Council considers an Arab complaint against Israel, we hear that boring repetition of the Zionist lies we have heard ever since that strange entity was implanted in the body of our nation, in our Arab homeland. 201. The objective that the Zionist representative tried to achieve could not be achieved originally by his masters in Washington. They failed to achieve it when in one way or another they gave their blessing to all the acts of Israeli aggression, the latest of which is that against our sister country Tunisia. 202. In spite of all this, I feel it my duty to remind the Council, for the record and for history, that from all the statements we have heard we see the accused very clearly. It is very well known. It is Israel, of course. We see its acts of aggression as defined in article 3 of the Definition of Aggression contained in a resolution of the General Assembly [resolution 33Z4 (XXX)], which was adopted by a consensus that included your country, Mr. President. The act perpetrated by Israel is a well-defined act, an act of aggression. 203. We would also remind the Council of the Israeli barbarism of which we Arabs have always been the victims and of the criminal hands of the rulers of the Zionist entity in the past and in the present. No matter what their allegiance or their qualities, their hands are stained with Arab blood-Tunisian blood, Lebanese blood, Palestinian blood, Syrian blood, Jordanian blood and Eyptian blood. 205. What Syria has done is support liberation. What Israel has done is try to drag Lebanon into slavery and humiliation and subjugate the Lebanese people in the south, in the north, everywhere. 206. We should like to assert to all that, whatever the objectives of Zionism and its agents, Syria is determined to persist in supporting the struggle of the Lebanese people to liberate its territory completely and to reconstruct what Israel has destroyed. The glass from which Sharon sipped on the Beirut hills overlooking the bodies of the victims of Beirut, Sabra and Shatila seemed to contain sweet wine, but it turned out to be bitter wine and poison. 207. At this late hour, some Powers are trying to weaken or block a draft resolution that includes a condemnation of Israel. The delegation of the Syrian Arab Republic does not agree that Israel should go without clear-cut condemnation by name. The Syrian Arab Republic calls upon the Security Council to live up to its responsibilities and impose upon Israel sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter, because the Israeli act against Tunisia was an act of aggression, and it was not the first such aggression. The aggression started with the creation of Israel in 1948.

The observer for the Palestine Liberation Organ&ion wishes to make a statement in reply. I call upon him.

We have noted with great appreciation the strong condemnation of Israel for its barbaric act of aggression against Tunisia. This unanimous condemnation of Israel should bring a message to the people of Israel that the intemational community will no longer tolerate such acts of aggression and such crimes against humanity. I have said “unanimous condemnation**, and we hope that that unanimous condemnation will be reflected in whatever decision the Council takes. 211. We take this opportunity to place on record our thanks and gratitude to Tunisia, to its people, to its Government and, first and foremost, to President Bourguiba. 212. The General Assembly had on its agenda at its thirty-fourth session an item concerning international terrorism. It condemned the continuation of repressive and terrorist acts by colonial, racist and alien regimes in denying peoples their legitimate right to self-determination and independence and other human rights and fundamental freedoms. It also recognized that, in order to contribute to the elimination of the causes and the problem of intemational terrorism, both the General Assembly and the Security Council should pay special attention to all situations, including, inter alia, colonialism, racism and situations involving alien occupation, with a view to the application, where feasible and necessary, of the relevant provisions of the Charter, including Chapter VII thereof. 213. I should simply like to ask the Council what action it has taken against alien occupation. People under alien occupation have a right and a duty, and that right and duty are to tight and resort to armed struggle against the forces of occupation. In the case of the Palestinian people under occupation, that legitimacy of armed struggle has been very clearly spelled out in the resolutions of the General Assembly. What the Palestinian people are doing is exercising a right and carrying out a duty to combat the ’ alien occupation, namely, to combat the Israeli presence on Palestinian territory. 214. With respect to what was referred to as terrorism, let me quote from a statement made by the late Albert Einstein. I am sure everyone here knows who Albert Einstein was. He was referring to the Herut party, which is the nucleus of the Likud, the Nazi party in Israel now. Albert Einstein stated the following: “Within the Jewish community [the Herut party] have preached an admixture of ultranationalism, religious mysticism and racial superiority. Like other Fascist parties, they have been used to break strikes, and have themselves pressed for the destruction of trade unions. In their stead they have proposed corporate unions on the Italian Fascist model. “During the last years of sporadic anti-British violence, the Irgun Zvai Leumi and Stern groups inaugurated a reign of terror in the Palestine Jewish community. Teachers were beaten up for speaking against them; adults were shot for not letting their children join them. By gangster methods, beatings, window smashing and widespread robberies, the terrorists intimidated the population and exacted a heavy tribute. “The discrepancies between the bold claims now being made by Begin and his party and their record of past performance in Palestine bear the imprint of no ordinary political party. This is the unmistakable stamp of a Fascist party for whom terrorism (against Jews, Arabs, and British alike) and misrepresentation are means and a ‘leader State’ is their goal.” 215. I think I cannot make any better statement to describe who are the terrorists, where the nucleus and the birthplace of terrorism is in the country of peace, in my country, in Palestine. It was the Herut party that wrought terrorism, and this is exactly what we are reaping and what they are reaping as well. 216. But terrorism was not only carried out by the party when it was a party. Terrorism was also pursued as a State policy. Moshe Dayan considered terrorism and terrorist acts as such. He said: “These actions are our vital lymph. They . . . help us maintain a high tension among our population and in the army . . . In order to have young men go to the Negev we have to cry out that it is in danger.” 217. So terrorism has another aim, and that aim is the transformation of Israel into a regional Power, which inevitably presupposes the use of large-scale open violence and could not even mythically pretend to be achieved on the basis of the earlier moral superiority doctrine, which, therefore, had to be replaced with a new one. Terrorism and,revenge were now to be glorified as the new moral and even sacred values of Israeli society. Terrorism and reprisal are the State policy, and that is what we are dealing withanother manifestation of State terrorism against a country that has been kind enough to be host to the Palestinians after 30 or 35 years of mishaps. 218. I would assure the Council that the struggle of our people will continue until we eliminate the occupation of our country. We are exercising a right against foreign occupation, and we can exercise that right in all forms, including armed struggle. 219. Israel cannot claim to be the gendarmerie of the international community. I think it is the duty of the Security Council to carry out the recommendations of the General Assembly and take action to remove the causes of those disputes and struggles. Those are acts of violence, but armed resistance in no way can be considered as an act of terrorism. The heroes of Europe who sacrificed millions of lives in the tight against the Nazis are heroes, and we raise our hats to them. The heroes who really helped and contributed with their blood to bring about the downfall of nazism and fascism are our heroes, and we cannot consider them as terrorists. 221. I should now like to recall the role of the Govemment of the United States in all of this. In June 1982, in this chamber [238Zst meeting], the representative of the United States took a negative attitude towards a draft resolution [S/I5255/Rev.2] and vetoed it. Why did he do that? That draft resolution called for the cessation of fighting in Beirut and the deployment of some observers there to see that the cease-fire would hold-and the representative of the Government of the United States vetoed it. Why? He made it very clear. He said it was because it did not include the element of the elimination of Palestinian armed elements. That meant the elimination of human beings, and that is exactly the aim of the Israelis. They are supported by the United States not only through the supply of arms and armaments and warplanes, as Mr. Qaddoumi mentioned-those were American planes and they were donated to Israel. Israel did not buy them. The bombs were donated by the United States to Israel in order to strike the area. That is the joint aim of the American Administration and Israel, namely, to eliminate the Palestinian armed elements. 222. Now in the United States there is a place called Woodridge. The press reported that for six weeks a Jewish Defence League (JDL) paramilitary training camp was in operation in that area. I sometimes wonder whether the United States has ever heard about that place. The information appeared in the press. In August 1981, they trained for six weeks, and no one complained. They had gone unnoticed in that Woodridge camp, despite frequent target practice with high-powered weapons. And let me go further. In that report, a certain Jolovitz said that the JDL owned the camp, which is the former Pleasure Hill House resort. It became a centre to train those criminals. He said the JDL also owned another 62-acre property nearby, but would not reveal its location. It is there, he said, that moonlighting members of the United States Army’s Special Forces and an Israeli commando instruct the youths in military tactics. 223. Now, this is the collusion and training of those criminals who go to my home town, deprive my people of the right to live in peace and then follow them all the waymore than 2000 miles away-and kill them, using American-supplied planes and American-supplied bombs. 224. Let us now think of this most recent of the Israeli acts of aggression. We have information received this noon, from which I shall quote: “According to Israeli reports the number of Israeli planes that participated in the air raid was eight. Mil- “We have information that during the seven hours which the operation required, the United States Sixth Fleet had full knowledge of it and supplied radar coordination. In addition the United States Sixth Fleet jammed the Egyptian radars to,prevent monitoring of the operation. “We have information that the feeder planes took off from some United States bases in the Mediterranean. “We have information that the photos of the location and its exact details were handed over from United States satellites to Israel, and then a large model of the location was made on which the planes exercised before the operation.” We also know that the movements of Chairman Arafat are always monitored, so it was no surprise that the attack came at a moment when he was supposed to have arrived in Tunis from Morocco. 225. The collusion between the United States and Israel is therefore very clear. I am no army officer; I do not understand these things. But anyone who has done army service and got to a high rank knows exactly what the implications are. I wonder whether this should be taken into consideration.

Mr. Clovis Maksoud, Permanent Observer of the League of Arab States to the United Nations, to whom the Council extended an invitation under rule 39 of its provisional rules of procedure at its 2610th meeting, wishes to make a statement. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. 227. Mr. MAKSOUD: I wish to extend to you, Sir, our congratulations on assuming the presidency of the Council. 228. I did not intend to make another statement today, because the deliberations of the Council and the statement by the Under-Secretary-General of the Arab League would have been satisfaction enough. However, in the last two days, and particularly today, a certain dangerous development-in terms of the justification of the raid and the violation of the sovereignty of Tunisia made by the Israeli representative-I think warrants a contribution on our part, because we feel that if it is allowed to unravel unchecked by the authority of the Council, there would be established not only a dangerous precedent but also a 235. We must therefore come to grips with the central thesis that Israel is trying to promulgate and that it is seeking to have ratified-namely, that by insulting everybody and by determining what constitutes civilized behaviour and by developing its own machismo, in saying that this was a “surgical operation*‘, Israel is attempting to bring about a paralysis of the international will in order to impose its own will on the international community and to render itself totally unaccountable to all norms of intemational law and of international reiaiions. 229. What we have heard is in a way the developing jurisprudence of a new imperialism, namely, the notion that violation of sovereignty of States can be legitimized if the violator of the sovereignty of another State considers, ex carhedra, on his own, without any consensus whatsoever, that he can arrogate to himself the total and absolute right to violate the sovereignty of another State. 230. The pretext can be anything-and in this case, it is the assessment by the aggressor that the Palestinians have established extra-territorial rights or privileges in a sovereign State. This was the excuse that Israel gave when it invaded Lebanon in 1978, when it illegally annexed the Golan Heights, ,when it puts forward a proliferation of settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories of the West Bank. Israel’s definition of extra-territoriality is the very presence of Palestinians, The fact that Palestinians are present in any part of the world constitutes by definition, in Israeli terminology, extra-territoriality. 236. Israel is undoubtedly trying to establish a counterlegitimacy and to extricate itself from any responsibility or accountability to the United Nations or to anyone else, including some of its major supporters. For that reason, the Israeli representative clearly and without any hesitation stated that irrespective of what the Security Council does, Israel is not bound by it. What Israel is signalling to the world community is that under no circumstances will Israel comply with any resolution that this body adopts. It is in this spirit that many of us feel that perhaps Israel does not belong to this body. 23 1. And this is not over-blown rhetoric, as might at first give the impression. The mere presence of Palestinians constitutes a challenge to Israel’s concept of its own legitimacy and hegemony. Therefore, Israel arrogates to itself the right to violate the sovereignty of States, in this case Tunisia; under the pretext that there are Palestinians who have taken extra-territoriality upon themselves.

As the representative of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, I shall now make a statement in exercise of the right of reply. 238. I have listened here to a series of allegations to the effect that the United States played some part in the operation which is the subject of this discussion. This is false, and those who make this accusation know that it is false. The United States had no knowledge of that operation, nor did it participate in it in any way. 232 Let me be very frank in response: if we accept or acquiesce in’ any form in. this Israeli definition, are the Palestinians entitled to a territory of their own? Why should they have extra-territorial presence? Precisely because they are denied their own national territory. Does that, therefore, put us in a position where, if we follow the Israeli thesis to its logical conclusion, if the Palestinian presence anywhere is extra-territorial, it thus vindicates the right of Israel to violate sovereignty wherever it is. The fact is that the Palestinians should not have an extra-territorial presence. What should they have? Either they should have a national territory; so they can be present there, or they should be eliminated, in order that the sovereignty of various. States’ where Palestinians are present becomes immune from violations by Israel. 239. I have listened to a cascade of anti-American rhetoric accusing us of everything under the sun, except the recent tragic earthquake in Mexico. And I am surprised that I have not heard my country blamed for that, or for the one that occurred today in Tokyo. 240. Sometimes, when I hear some of the things that my country is supposed to have done, I think we-might say that on the seventh day we rested. 241. The idea that the United States is interested in the continuation of warfare and bloodshed in the Middle East is preposterous nonsense. Terrorists have trained in other places to attack Americans, but the press did not report that, because in many of those places the press was not free, as it is in this country. In this country, it is illegal to do that sort of thing and, when it comes to the attention of the United States Government, it is closed down. 233. The world community has declared that this is not allowed and therefore, in order to respond to the Israeli challenge to international law, has recognized the Palestinians as a people with a right to self-determination and to a State in their homeland. It is that right which Israel is trying to curtail. It is that right which Israel is trying to deny. 242. Many Americans have died at the hands of terrorists. More than half a dozen American ambassadors have been assassinated, and throughout recorded history, the person of an ambassador is supposed to have been sacred. A hijacked American aircraft was taken, and a, young sailor 234. Thus, when the Israelis argue about proportionality and about their rights to arrogate to themselves the decision as to what constitutes terrorism, the international community responds by recognizing the PLO-not only as an organization of liberation but as the framework for 243. I resume my function as PRESIDENT of the Council. 244. Members of the Council have before them a draft resolution submitted by Burkina Faso, Egypt, India, Madagascar, Peru and Trinidad and Tobago [S/17535$ It is my understanding that the Council is ready to proceed to the vote on the draft resolution before it. Unless I hear any objection; I shall put the draft resolution to a vote now. A vote was taken by show of ham& In favour: Australia, Burkina Faso, China, Denmark, Egypt, France, India, Madagascar, Peru, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Againsr. None. Abstainins: United States of America. l%e draft resolution was adopted by I4 votes to none, with 1 abstention [resolution 573 (1985)J.

I shall now call on those representatives who have asked to be allowed to make statements following the voting.

My delegation would like to explain its vote with regard to paragraph 4 of the resolution. No matter how deplorable and regrettable the situation in Tunisia, we understand that there has not been, nor does there now exist, a state of war between the two countries involved. Therefore, the word *‘reparations” is not appropriate. We would prefer to see the word “compensation” used. However, the sense of that Paragraph is clear-namely, the loss suffered by the Tunisian Govemment and people must be made good by those who attacked them. That is why we were able to support the resolution. 247. Mr. de K&MOULARIA (France) (interpretation from French): In voting for the resolution which has just been adopted, France has once again condemned the raid by Israeli aircraft and the resulting violation of Tunisia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, despite the legal reservations that we feel stem from the concept of acts of aggression in the text; We have taken that position not only because of our traditional friendly relations with Tunisia, but also because we condemn, whatever their origin, all acts of violence that would compromise the search for a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East.

As the representative of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, I shall now make a statement in connection with the vote. 249. The occasion for this meeting is a particularly sad one for the United States, stemming from a raid by one close friend into the territory of another. This tragic sequence of 250. Despite our deep and abiding friendship for the Tunisian Government and people, my Government could not support the draft resolution, disproportionately placing all blame for this latest round of the rising spiral of violence in the Middle East onto only one set of shoulders, while not also holding at fault those responsible for the terrorist acts which provoked it. 25 1. We must be absolutely explicit in identifying the real threat all civilized peoples are facing. That threat is terrorism, and the failure adequately to address the subject prevented my Government from supporting the draft resolution. In large measure because of this failure to recognize that terrorism is at the heart of much of the violence we face, we have seen a steady increase in terrorist attacks directed against innocent people everywhere. The most recent examples are an illustration of terrorism at its most senseless and vicious: the murder of three Israelis at Larnaca, and the kidnapping and murder of a Soviet diplomat in Beirut. We reject absolutely the assertion that there can be any justification for such acts, which can only be categorized as the basest of crimes. 252. We speak of a pattern of violence, but we must be clear: it is terrorism that is the cause of this pattern, not responses to terrorist attacks. We do not yet have all the relevant facts concerning this particular response. However, we recognize and strongly support the principle that a State subjected to continuing terrorist attacks may respond with appropriate use of force to defend itself against further attacks. Thii is an aspect of the inherent right of self-defence recognized in the Charter of the United Nations. We support this principle regardless of attacker, and regardless of victim. It is the collective responsibility of sovereign States to see that terrorism enjoys no sanctuary, no safe haven, and that those who practise it have no immunity from the responses their acts warrant. Moreover, it is the responsibility of each State to take appropriate steps to prevent persons or groups within its sovereign territory from perpetrating such acts. In view of the number of States Members that have suffered from the scourge of terrorism, we find it surprising that the Council has not forthrightly censured other acts of terrorism that have resulted in violent responses. Until the world community is prepared resolutely to face and eliminate the problem of terrorism, the pattern of violence will continue. ” / 253. Looking to the future, we believe that we must not address this incident as an obstacle to peace, but rather as an impetus for the peace process and renewed efforts towards its successful completion. If this unhappy event demonstrates anything, it is that we must concentrate our efforts to bring about peace in the region and thereby 254. The United States for its part is resolved to do everything in its power to support the peace process. President Reagan reaffirmed this objective following his 30 September meeting with King Hussein, when he said 259. I reiterate my heartfelt gratitude to all members of the Council and all those who came here to express their countries* active solidarity with, and unreserved support for, our just cause-that of law and justice. “The United States is dedicated to achieving a just and durable peace between Israel and all its Arab neighbours. We will do all that we can to maintain the momentum achieved.” 260. Tunisia, for its part, promises the Council once again that it will spare no effort to ensure the triumph of peace, and that we will continue along the path of friendship and understanding. . . 255. I now resume my function as PRESIDENT of the Council. 256. The Minister for Foreign AfTairs of Tunisia has asked to speak, and I call upon him.

The Security Council has thus conclused the present stage of its consideration of the item on the agenda.

I said earlier that my country would like to continue to believe in the triumph of the principles of law and justice over the illegitimate and unwarranted use of force. I am happy that by their vote members of the Council have given us cause for hope. Tunisia expresses its heartfelt thanks. It congratulates the Council on rising to its noble task, in the accomplishment of which all peace-loving peoples-that is, I am sure, all the peoples of the worldstand by it. llie meeting rose at 8.30 p.m. NOTES 1 Koran, XXII: 39-40. z Ibid.. LXI: 4. 3 Ibid., VIII: 60. HOW TO OBTAIN UNlTED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS United Nations publications may be obtained from bookstores and distributors throughout the world. Consult your bookstore or write to: United Nations, Sales Section, New York or Geneva. COMMENT SE PROCURER LES PUBLICATIONS DES NATIONS TJNIES Les publications des Nations Unies sont en vente dans les librairies et les agences d&xAaires du monde entier. Informez-vous aup& de votre libraire ou adressez-vous h : Nations Unies, Section des ventes, New York ou Genhe. KAK n0JIYYHTb H3w oPrAHH3m OEbELIczHEHHblx HArJIfR ~3JGlIUiK 0praAuSaIUiH 06WmiHeHHbIX H~IMMOIHO K)'lIATbB KHHXCA~IXM~~U~~HKX KarCHTcrBaxBOBCeXpatlOHaxMupa. Hasomrrecnpaagu06 H~A~HUKXBB~~~ICMKHS~XROM mmmte HAH muttme tto a~pecy:. Opra~si3a~tna 06aenmxexitib~ Ha&I, Ce~uwr uo upoA~eE13AaHSf% HbIO-fiOpKEJIK )KeRCBa. COMO CONSEGUIR PUBLICAUONES DE LAS NACIONES UNIDA!S Las publicaciones de las Naciones Unidas e&n en venta en librerfas y casas distribuidoras en todas partes de1 mundo. Con&e a su librero o dirfjase a: Naciones Unidas, Secci6n de Ventas, Nueva York o Ginebra. Litho in United Nations, New York @I400 90-61439~March 1995-1,925