S/PV.434 Security Council

I have just received a letter from the representative of Svria [S/1363], asking to be allowed to take part in the discussion. The representative of the Secretariat will read the letter. Le PRESIDENT (tradllit du russe) : Je viens de recevoir du representant de la Syrieune lettre [S/1363] dans laquelle il demande l'autcirisation de prendre part a la discussion.·Le representant du Secretariat va en donner lecture. M. ZINCHENKO (Secretaire generale· adjoint charge des affaires .du Conseil de securite) (trOiduit. de l'anglais) : Void le"texte de la lettre de la . delegation syrienne: "Au nom du Gouvernement de la Republique syrienne, j'ai l'honneur de vous prier dem'autoriser a participer sans droit de vote aux deba* . du Conseil de securite sur le rapport du Mediateur par interim pour la Palestine, conformement a l'Article 31 de la Charte etaux artides 37 et 38 du reglement interieur provisoire du Cbnseil de ,secllrite. . "le saisis cetteoccasl0n de. vous renouveler l'a!'3urance de ma ha-ute consideration." Mr. ZINCHENKO (Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Security O:>Uncil Affairs): The letter from the Syrian delegation reads as follows: "On behalf of the Government of the Republic of Syria, I have the honour to request you to permit me to participate without vote in the discussions of the Security Council in connexion with the report of the Acting Mediator on Palestine, which is in accordance with Article 31 of the Charter and of rules 37 and 38 of the provisional rules of procedure of the Security Council. "I avail myself of this opportunity to express to you the a.ssurance of my high consideration." (Signed) Rafik ASHA (Signe) Rafik ASHA , Le PRESIDENT (traduitdtt russe) : Y a-t-il des membres du Conseil <',.ui desirent presenter des observations? Si personne n'a d'observation a presenter, il sera fait droit ala demande durepresentant de la Syrie.

Have the members of the Security Council any observations to make? If there are none, the Syrian representative's request will be granted. Sur l'inviation du President,. M. Rafik Asha~ ;representant de la Syrie, prend place ala tabU du Conseil.

Thetext of the Syrian representative's letter will be circulated. shortly·.by the Secretariat to all members of the Security Council. Le PRESIDENT (traduit du russe): Le texte de la lettre adressee par le representant de la .Syrie sera distribue incessamment a tous les membres du Conseil par les soins du·Secretariat., We shall resume the discussion of the Acting Mediator's report on the Palestine question. . I Nous poursuivons maintenant la discussion dtt rapport du Mediateur par interitnsur la question palestinienne. : I am sure that we must all be mindful, also, at this time, of the late Count Folke Bernadotte and of all those others who gave their lives in the cause of peace for Palestine. Vie Ill.:,' hope that those who mourn their loss may find some alleviation of their sorrow in the achievement of Mr. Bunche an\i those who have worked so devotedly with him. I have no doubt that Mr. Bunche himself would be the first to wish that all who have co-operated with him should have their due share in the tribute we pay to him today. My delegation will heartily support the draft resolution submitted by the representatives of Canada and Norway [S/1362]. I need not emphasize the concern which my Government has always felt over the Palestine problem. Our long and close connexion with Palestine has made us profoundly conscious of the comple."{ity of the situation and of the great difficulty of finding any solution which would not do grave injustice either to the Arabs or to the Jews. We regarded the fighting which took place in Palestine as a disaster for the Middle Eastif not, indeed, a threat to the peace of the whole world. It is therefore with profound satisfaction that we have noted the improvement which has gradually been brought about. Progress has indeed been gradual, and at times may have seemed painfully slow. But there has nevertheless been continuous progress, until we reached the position which is outlined today in the Acting Mediator's report. The period of uneasy cease-fire, or truce, have been succeeded by arIDistices. The fighting is over and we can surely be confident that it will not be renewed. We share the view of the Acting Mediator that, with the conclusion of armistice agreements on all the Palestine fronts, a new phase has been brought about. It must, I am sure, be the hope of all members of the Security Council, and of all Members of the United Nations, that this new phase wiJI be one of peaceful construction and development and that the hatred and bitterness of the past will be laid aside. Much still remains to be done, and we must surely look to the future rather than the past. It is the earnest hope of my delegation and my Government that a final settlemen1: will shortly be reached between Israel and the Arab States, which will be equitable and just to both sides. The need for collaboration between the peoples of the Middle East, above all, perhaps, in the economic field, is so obvious that it requires no emphasis from me. The welfare of this great Ma deUigation appuiera, sans reserve le projet de resolution presente par les representants du Canada et de la Norvege [S/1362]. .1.~ est superflu de souligner la preoccupation que le probleme pal,estinien n'a cesse de causer cl mon Gouvemement. Par suite de nos longues et etroites relations avec la Palestine, nous avons profondement conscience de la complexite de la situation et de la grande difficulte qu'il y a a. trouver une solution qui n;; lese pas gravemen_, doit les Arabes, soit les Juifs. Nous avons considere les hostilites de Palestine comme un .desastre pour le Moyen- Orient, voire comme une menace contre la P?ix du monde entier. C'est done avec une intense satisfaction que nous avons pris note de l'amelioration progressive de la situation. Les progres ont ete graduels, en effet, et ont pu, par moment, sembler d'une lenteur penible. Neanmoins, its ont ete continus, jusqu'a aboutir a la situation que decrit aujourd'hui le rapport du Mediatet~~ par interim. A la periode inquiete de la suspension d'armes ou de la treve ant succede des armistices. Les hostilites ont cesse et nous devons pouvoir escompter avec confiance qu'elles ne se rallumeront pas. Nous sommes d'accord avec le Mediateur par interim pour penser Ique la conclusion de conventions d~armistice sur tous les fronts de Palestine a inaugure une nouvelle phase de la situation. Je ne doute pas que tous les membres du Conseil de secttrite et tous les Membres de 1'0rganisation des Nations Unies n'esperent que cette nouvelle phase sera une periode de construction et de developpement pacifiques et que la haine et l'amertume du passe seront oubliees. Il reste encore beaucoup a. faire et il est evident que c'est vel'S l'avenir qu'il nous faut regarder plutot que vers le passe. Ma delegation et man Gouvernement ont le ferme espoir de voir Israel et les Etats arabes aboutir prochainement a un reglement definitif, equitable pour les deux par- .ties. La necessite d'une collaboration entre ·les peuples du Moyen-Orient, surtout, peut-etre, dans le domaine economique,. est si evidente qti'il est inutite de la souligner. Ce n'est que sur cette base .. ,~_.-_-- If Mr. Bunche has anything further to say on this question of arms, my delegation would be very glad to hear it. I would conclude by repeating that we concur generally in the conclusions of the Acting Mediator's report and in the substance of the draft resolution annexed to the report. The representative of France raised certain points in connexion with the draft resolution which the Security Council will no doubt wish to discuss. Pending further discussion, I should like to reserve my remarks on the suggestions made by Mr. Chauvel. M. BUNCHE (Mediateur par interim pour la Palestine) (traduit de l'anglais) : Tout d'abord, je tiens a remercier les representants de la France, du Royaume-Uni et cl'Israel pour leurs aimables declarations. .Mr. BUNCHE (Acting Mediator on Palestine) : FIrst. of all, I WIsh to thank the representatives of France, the United Kingdom and Israel for their kind statements. ·~t has been suggested that I might comment On m'a invite a formuler les observations que Upon the statements made by the representative m'inspil'ent les declarations du representant du of the United Kingdom, Sir Terence Shone, the Royaume-Uni. Sir TerenceShone, et de M. Eban, representative of Israel, Mr. Eban, relative to the representant d'Israel, apropos de la question de question of an injunction against the importation l'interdit lance sur l'importation de materiel de of war materials. I fully realize that if the Seguerre. 11 ne m'echappe pas que, si le Conseil de , eurity ~ouncil were to act along the linessugs~curite devait agir dans le, sens que propose le gested 1n the· memorandUni attached to my report ,memorandum attache a mon rapport, sans pren... br .-.-_"""""-~___..;... ~ If there is to be a continuation of the injunction against the importation of war materials, this should also involve a continuation of observa· tion machinery in order to ensure tha.t the injunction is faithfully carried out and carried out with equal application to all the parties concerned. And that would involve maintaining United NationJ observers in all of the· ports and on all of the airfields throughout the Near East, for an indefinite period. This, I believe, neither side desires. That would also seem to imply that the solemn pledges given by the Governments signatory to the Armistice Agreements that no war-like or hostile or aggressive acts will henceforth be undertaken are not to be regarded as fully sincere. It may be pcinted out that even with the elaborate United Nations truce observation machinery which was at our disposal during those months, it was not possible to prevent the introduction of war materials in considerable quantity. In the absence of a firm injunction coupled with observation machinery, the burden really seems to rest upon the States in a position to ship arms. Since ther<e is no disarmament scheme of universal application, it would seem that the States of the Near East, as all others, would now be entitled to import such war materials as may be necessary to their national security. For the moment, at any rate, and until there is some concrete evidence to the contrary, it seems to me that there is no reason to doubt the good faith of the Parties to the Armistice Agreements, to doubt their sincere intention to fulfil the solemn pledges given in those Agreements, and, certainly, these voluntary Agreements are stronger than any moral embargo could be. Le PRESIDENT (tradttit du russe) : Avant de donner la parole aux orateurs suivants, je voudrais leur demander de bien vouloir faire con," naitre leur opinion en ce qui concerne le projet de resolution qui figure en annexe au rapport du Mediateur par interim.

Before calling on the next speaker, I should like to ask members to state their views on the draft resolution, which appears as an annex to the report of the Acting Mediator. M. AUSTIN (Etats-Unis d'Amerique) (traduit de l'anglais) : Avant de presenter mes observations, je tiens a. me conformer a. la suggestion du President et a. declarer que les Etats-Unis approuvent 1es principes enonces dans l'annexe a. 1aquelle il a fait allusion. Conformement a. la resolution du Conseil de securite en date du 16 novembre 1948 [S/1080], des conventions d'arm'istice separees ontete signees au cours des six derniers mois entre Israel, d'une part, et, d'autre part, l'Egypte [Sj1264], le Liban [S/1296jRev.1], le Royaume hachemite de Jordanie [S/1302/Rev.1] et la Syrie [S/1353], sous 1es auspices de M. Ra1ph J. Bunche, Mediateur par interim pour la Palestine. Non felicitons les parties en presence pour leur empressement a. rechercher un accord, en vue de mettre fin a. la phase militaire de la question de PaJestine. Ces conventions, conclues vo10ntairement, temoignent du desir des parties de mettre au point leurs relations mutuelles dans lecadre de I'Organisation des Nations Unies. Nous saluons l'ex.-::eptionnelle habilete du Mediateur par interim, M. Bunche, et de ces excellents coIIaborateurs, qui ont servi d'intermediaires pour la negociation des conventions d'arinistice. Le tragique assassinat du comte Bernadotte a entraine le transfert des responsabilites du Mediateur en Palestine a. M. Bunche, qui s'est montre a. la hauteur de sa tache. Sa sagesse; sa resolution, sa patience et son habilete dans 1es negociations ont guide, pas a. pas, les efforts de tous vers le principe fondamenta1 d'une cessation des hostilites, qui devrait permettre d'ahoutir, a. la longue, a. la paix dans cette region. I1 a ete aide avec competence, en particulier dans 1es pourparlers entre le Liban l:t la Syrie, d'une part, et Israel, d'autre part, par son representant personnel, M. HenriVigier, et, au cours de la surveillance de la treve et des pourparlers d'armistice et dans les operations des commissions mixtes d'armistice, par son chef d'etat-major, le general William E. Riley, du Corps des fusiliers marins des Etats- Unis. . . Mr. AUSTIN (United States of America): Before making my remarks I wish to comply with the suggestion of the President and state that the United States agrees with the principles enunciated b. the annex he referred to. . In conformity with the Security Council's resolution of 16 November 1948 [S/1080], during the past six months separate Armistice Agreements have been concluded between Israel on the one hand and Egypt [S/12641, Lebanon [S/1296], the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan [S/1302/Rev. n and Syria [Sj1353] on the other, under the guidance of Ur. Ralph J. Bunche, as Acting Mediator on Palestine. We congratulate the Parties for their willingness to reach agreement to end the military phase of the Palestine question. These Agreements, voluntarily entered into, give proof of the desire of the Parties to work out their relations within the framework of the United Nations. We hail the unusual skill of the Acting Mediator, Dr. Bunche, and his able assistants, through whom the Armistice Agreements were negotiated. The tragic murder of Count Bernadotte passed the Palestine Mediator's responsibility to Dr. Bunche, who executed it well. His wisdom de- ... ' termmatIon, patIence and skill in negotiation steadfastly led the efforts of all towards the basic principle of a cessation of hostilties that should lead to eventual pea!:e in that area. He has been ably assisted, particularly in the negotiations between Lebanon and Syria on the one hand and Israel on the other by his personal representative M. Henri Vigier, and during the course of ~e truce supervision, armistice negotiations, and ?l1 the operations of the Mixed Armistice Complissions, by· his Chief of Staff, Brigadier General William E. Riley, of the United States 1VIarine Corps. '. The achievement of an armistice in the long Avoir reussi ~,obt~nir la co~clusiori d'un armls- ,and bitter struggles which have characterized tice, apres les luttes longues et ach:irnees dontla Palestine during the last few years is a brilliant Pal~stine a ete le theatre ces del11ieres annees, cevement for the United Nations. It is proof constitue pour'les Nations· Uniesun edatant The General Assembly and the Security Coundl, after several attempts to settle the problem of establishing peace which had but limited success, called' upon a great world citizen, Count Folke Bernadotte of Sweden, to act as United Nations Mediator on Palestine. He, together with a small group of Secretariat officials including Dr. Bunche, £kilfully secured acceptance of the conditions of the Palestine tmce established by the Security Council's resolution of 29 May 1948 [S/801] and supervised its observance. Count Bernadotte and his successor, Dr. Bunche, were served by a small group of able anlt. loyal international civil servants and persons seconded to the Truce Supervision Organization by Sweden, France, Belgium and the United States. By miracles of improvisation, by courageous actions which unhappily cost the lives of ten of these men and serious injury to others, they surmounted difficult situations in the quest for peace. They pioneered under the United Nations in this field of peaceful procedures and blazed a trail which we have no doubt will be followed again if comparable difficulties should arise anywhere else in the world. This experience is one'of the factors which made clear the need for an organized field service to meet such contingencies in the future. A committee of the General Assembly is today nearing the completion of its study of this question in order to recommend to the next session of the General Assembly a systematized field service which will be ready to assist in such missions of peace in the future. As the Security Council well recalls, violations of the truce, last year, led to long discussions and to repeated calls on the parties again to lay down their arms in Palestine. The Armistice Agreements were actually cc-neluded under the terms of the resolution of 16 November 1948, in which we reaffirmed our previous resolutions concerning the establishment and implementation Qf a truce in Palestine, particularly the terms of the resolution of 15 July 1948 [S/9021 which determined that the situation in Palestine constituted a threat to the peace within the meaning of Article 39 of the Charter. We therefore decided that an armistice should be established in all sectors of Palestine to eliminate the threat to peace and to facilitate the transition from the present truce to permanent peace in Palestine. We called upon the parties to establish an armistice in negotiations conducted either directly or ..through the Acting Mediator. As the Acting Mediator. has pointed out in his report of 21 July, whIch we are considering today, a truce is inherently a temporary measure which should at Apres plusieurs tentatives faites sans grand succes pour resoudre le probleme de l'etablissement de la paix, l'AssembIee generale et le Conseil de securite ont fait appel a un grand citoyen du monde, le comte Folke Bernadotte de Suede, pour assurer les fonctions de Mediateur des Nations Unies pour la Palestine. Aide d'un petit groupe de fonctionnaires du Secretariat, dont faisait partie M. Bunche, it a reussi, grace a son habilete, a. faire accepter les conditions de la treve en Palestine que specifiait la resolution du Conseil de securite en date du 29 mai 1948 [S/801]. et it en a surveille' l'e.."Cecution. Le comte Bernadotte et son successeur. M. Bunche, ont ete secondes par un petit grOl.lne de fonctionnaires internationaux et de pefsonnes detachees a I'Organisation de surveillance de la. treve par la Suede, la France, la Belgique et les Etats-Unis, tous collaborateurs capables et loyaux. Par des miracles d'improvisation, par des actes de courage qui ont malheureusement coute la vie a. dix de ces hommes et ont valu ·de graves blessures ad'autres, ils sont venus about de grandes difficultes dans leur recherche de la paix. Sous l'egide de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, il ont fait reuvre de pionniers dans ce domaine des procedures pacifiques, frayant ainsi une voie qui ne manquera pas d'etre suivie a. .nouveau, si des difficultes analogues devaient surgir un jour dans quelque autre region du monde. Cette experience est un des facteurs qui ont mis en evidence la necessite d'avoir un service mobile organise pot\.: faire face ades contingences analogues al'avenir. Une commission de l'AssembIee glenerale est en voie de terminer l'etude de cette question en vue de recommander ala prochaine session de l'Assemblee generale un service mobile regulier, qui soit pret aparticiper ad'autres missions de paix al'avenir. Le Conseil de securite n'a pas· oublie que les violations de la treve ont conduit, l'annee derniere; ade longues discussions et ades invitations repetees adeposer les armes en Palestine, adressees aux parties en presence. Les conventions d'armistice ont ete conclues, en fait, conformement ala resolution du 16 novembre 1948, par laquelle le Conseil de securite confinnait ses resolutioIl,s anterieures concernant l'etablissement et la mise en vigueur d'une treve. en Palestine, en particulier les termes de la resolution du 15 juillet 1948 [S/902], qui precisait que la situation en Palestine constituait une menace contre la paix dans le sens ou l'entend I'Article 39 de la Charte. Le Conseil a dol1.c decide qu'un armistice devait etre condu dans tous les secteurs de Palestine, pour eliminer cette·menace contre la paix et faciliter le passage de la treve act~elle·a une paix permanente en Palestine. . Le Conseil a' doncinvite les parties en presence aconclure un al'mistice et anegocier pour cela, soit directement, soit par l'intermediaire du Mediateur par interim.Comme ce de1'11ier l'a fait· remarquer dans son rapport du 21 juillet, que nous examinons aujourd'hui, une tr~ve est pak..:llll tt. . . the following principles, which shall be fully observed by both Parties during the armistice, are hereby affirmed: tt1. The injunction of the Security· Council against resort to military force in the settlement of the Palestine question shall henceforth be scrupulously respected by both Parties. The establishment of an armistice between their armed forces is accepted as an indispensable step toward the liquidation of armed conflict and the restoration of peace in Palestine. "2. No aggressive action by the armed forcesland, sea or air-of either Party shall be undertaken, planned, ot threatened against the people or the armed forces of the other; it being understood that the use of the term 'planned' in this context has no bearing on normal staff planning as generally practised in military organizations. "3. The right of each Party to its security and freedom from fear of attack by the armed forces of the other shall be fully respected." Article II continues: . . "With a specific view to the implementation of the resolution of the Security Council of 16 N0- vember 1948, the following principles and purposes are affirmed: .' "1. The principle that no military or political advantage should be gained unde( the truce orb dered by the Security Council is recognized. L'artic1e II continue: "En ce qui concerne particulierement l'execution de la resolution du Conseil desecurite en date du 16 novembre 1948, 1es buts et principes suivants sont affirmes: ' ."1. Le principe qu'aucun avantage militaire ou politique ne devrait etre acquis durant la treve ordonnee par le Conseilde securiteest reconnu. Having laid dm'\'n these principles, the Agreement then establisheS a general armistice in the following manner: "No element of the land, sea or air military or para-military fqrces of e~ther Party, including non-regular forces, shall commit any warlike or hostile act against the military or para-military forces of the other Party, or against civilians in territory under the control of that Party; or shall advance beyond or pass over for any purpose whatsoever the Armistice Demarcation Line set forth in Article V of this Agreement; or enter into or pass through the air space of the other Party or through the waters within three miles of the coastline of the other Party." I submit that these pledges of non-aggression are a really solid basis for a permanent and lasting peace in Palestine. We urge the Parties concerned to press forward rapidly in co-operation with the Conciliation Commission to achieve a final settlement on all outstanding questions in accordance with the terms of the General Assembly resolution 194 (Ill) of 11 December 1948. The conclusion of these Armistice Agreements justifies confidence in the early establishment of permanent peace in Palestine. As the Security Council foresaw in its resolution of 16 November 1948, progress toward peace in Palestine :would involve a transition frqITI a truce to an armistice, to be followed by a final settlement. Such a final settlement is the task of the Palestine Conciliation Commission, and, with the conclusion of these Armistice Agreements before us today, only the completion of the task of the Palestine Conciliation Commission remains. Therefore, the Security Council, as contemplated in its resolution of 16 November, may appropriately bring to an end the stringent measures which were instituted to ensure more eff,=ctive observance of the truce, including certain of the prohibitions of the parties included in the Security Council resolutions of 29 May 1948 [S/801] and 15 July 1948 [S/902]. Among these was an embargo placed on the parties to the dispute and all other Governments and authorities concerned to refrain from importing or exporting war material and personnel into the affected area. These restraints, which characterized the truce period, .are no longerapproptiate or necessary now that we have firm commitments from the Parties in the Armistice Agreements to refrain from all hostile activity and to adjust their differences, if any, .peaceably. However, the armistice is a .recent development which must not be discouraged Dy outside influ,... ences. All Governments, not.only those which have signed the Agreements as.Parties,must avoid . !It 11;;!lUl4!J'M.fmi!!!!!i~mt •.1!! . ,~. The policy outlined by Sir Terence Shone on behalf of the United Kingdom seems to us to be helpful and reassuring, quoting from the words and in the true sense of Dr. Bunche's last statement. La ligne de conduite qu'a esquissee Sir Terence Shone, au nom du Royaume-Uni, nous parait utile et rassurante, pour rester dans l'esprit de sa. derniere declaration. $0 far as the United States is concerned, it does not intend to allow the export of arms which would permit a competitive arms race in the area. Export of arms to that area of the world should be strictly limited to such arms as are within the scope of legitimate security requirements, again as recommended by Dr. Bunche. We hope that prudence will prevail not only among the parties but among all nations of the world which are in a position to supply arms and that they will pursue a policy similar to that which we intend to pursue.' Les Etats-Unis, en ce qui les concerne, n'ont pas l'intention d'a'itoriser une exportation d'armes qui favoriserait une course aux armements dans cette region. Vexportation d'armes dans cette zone devrait etre strictement limitee aux seules armes necessaires aux besoins legitimes de la. securite, ainsi que l'a egalement recommande M. Bunche. Nous escomptons que la prudence l'emportera non seulement chez les parties en cause, mais encore dans tautes les nations du monde qui sont en mesure de leur fournir des armes, et nous esperons que tous les pays adopteront une politique semblable a celle que nous avons 1'intention de suivre. It is essential that the resources Qf that area be used for peaceful purposes, for economic development, for the resettlement of refugees, ant for the achievement of higher standards of living for the populations of the area. It would be tragic and wholly wrong if the resources of the area were to pe dissipated in an unproductive arms race. I repeat that we concur in the policies contained in Dr. Bunche's recommendations. 11 est essentiel que les ressources de la zone en question soient utilisees a des fins pacifiques, en vue de son developpement economique et de la reinstallation des refugies, et pour procurer aux habitants de ces regions de meilleures conditions de vie. I1 serait tragique et tout a fait injuste que les ressources de ces regions soient gaspillees en une course sterile aux armements. En terminant,. je tiens a. repeter que nous approuvons la ligne de conduite preconisee par M.Bunche. Le general McNAuGHTON(Canada) (traduit de l'anglais): Si le President me le permet, je poserai une question a M. Bunche au sujet des paragraphes 5 et 6 de son projet de resolution ayant trait a. la Commission de conciliation. General McNAUGHTON (Canada): With the permission of the President, I should like to direct a question to Mr. Bunche in regard to the reference which Mr. Bunche has made to the Conciliation Commission in paragraphs 5 and 6 of his draft resolution. I express concern as to whether, in proposing to assign the responsibility in question to this Commission, we would not perhaps unnecessarily complicate the situation. It seems to my delegation that it might be best to leave the Conciliation Commission's attention fully concentrated on its main task, as entrusted by the General Assembly. If this is agreed to, it seems to us that we should leave the talk of observing the cease fire and of reporting thereon direct to the Security Council, to the United Nations Chief uf Staff. Je me demande si, en proposant de confier a cette Commission les fonctions en question, nous n'allons pas compliquer peut-etre inutilement la situation. Ma delegation estime qu'il serait preferable de laisser la Commission de conciliation se consacrer entierementa. la tache principale que lui a confiee l'Assemblee generale. Si l'on accepte ina suggestion, je crois qu'il vaudrait mieux laisser au chef d'etat-tp.ajor des Nations Unies le soin de surveiller la suspension d'armes et de faire rapport au Conseil de securite. M. Bunche serait-il dispose a. modifier, comme je viens de le proposer, le projet de resolution qui figure en annexe a son rapport? I would ask Mr. Bunche if he sees any objections to the modification I have proposed to his proposal as given in the annex to his report. M. BUNCHE (MMiateur par interim pour la Palestine) (traduit de l'anglais) : Je n'ai pas la moindre objection a formuler contre les modifica"" tions que vient de proposer le representant du Canada, dont je partage les· vues. Le principe qui consiste a. separer les fonctions de mediationou de conciliation de celles de surveillance et de mise en reuvre me parait tout a fait sam et realisable, qu'il s'agisse de suspension d'armes, de treve o.u d'armistice. Je me rappelle que. M.Cnauvel, representant de la France, a mentionne cette question ail cOUrs de la declarationqu'ila faite cc Mr. BUNCHE (Acting Mediator on Palestine) : I have no objections whatsoever to the changes suggested by the representative of Canada, with whose views I am in accord. It seems to me that' the separation of the functions of mediation or conciliation from the functions of' supervision and enforcement, whether of cease-fire, or truce or armistice, is a very sound and practical principle. I recall that the representative of France, Mr. Chauvel, made reference to this in his statement before the Council this morning. Count Bernadotte had difficult ,experiences of this nature, and so did I, and often in the armistice negotiations we encountered this handicap. Thus, from the standpoint of the work of the Conciliation Commission, it would seem to me to be altogether to the advantage of that Commission that it should have no responsibilities whatsoever of this supervisory or enforcement nature; and that it should concentrate its attention upon the vital problem of peaceful settlement, leaving it to the Chief of Staff, with the very small personnel necessary for assisting the parties in the supervision of the armistice agreements, to deal with, this other question. General McNAUGHTON (C~mada): The Canadian delegation is undertaking the responsibility of sponsoring the draft resolution which has been so modestly suggested by the Acting Mediator, and which is appended as an annex to his report. In sponsoring this resolution and having regard to the reply which ,Mr. Bunche made to my question in respect to the fifth and sixth paragraphs, I propose to omit the references to the Conciliation Commission, which Mr. Bunche has agreed are unnecessary. Thus, in the draft resolution put forward by the Canadian delegation, the 'first four paragraphs would read as given in the annex and the fifth paragraph following the omission of the words "Conciliation Commission with the assistance of the"; would read as follows: "Requests the United Nations Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization to undertake the observance of the cease-fire in Palestine and terminates all remaining functions of the United Nations Mediator on Palestine under Security Council resolutions; The words ""the Conciliation Commission, in consultation with" would be omitted from the sixth paragraph, and that paragraph would then read as follows: "Requests th~ Secretary-General to continue in existence such of the present Truce Supervision Orga,nization as the Chief of Staff may require in maintaining the cease-fire, and as may be ne- . cessary in assisting the Parties to the Armistice Agreements in the supervsion of the application and observance of .the terms of those Agreements." In sponsoring. this draft' resolution, we would, of course, be prepared to consider any suggestions for clarification which members of the Council might feel it necessary to make in the language of the draft resolution as itis now presented. Examination of Dr. Bunche's report, we feel, shows in the dearest possible terms, the reasons which make the introduction of this draft resolution necessary. . Le comte Bernadotte a eprouve des difficultes de cet ordre; je m'y suis heurte, moi aussi, notamment au coars des pourparlers d'armistice.· C'est pourquoi il me semble que la Commission de conciliation aurait avantage cl. n'exercer aucune fonction de surveillance ou de mise cl. execution et cl. se consacrer entierement cl. la question fondamentale du reglement pacifique; c'est au chef d'etat-major, seconde par le personnel restreint necessaire pour aider les parties a observer les conventions d'armistice, qu'il appartiendrait d'exercer les fonctions de surveillance. ~e' general McNAUGHTON (Canada) (traduit de l'anglais) : La delegation du Canada prend a son compte le projet de resolution qu'a si modes- . tement propose le Mediateur par interim, projet qui est annexe cl. son rapport. En presentant cette resolution, et compte tenu de la reponse que vient, de faire M. Bunche au sujet des paragraphes 5 et 6, jepropose de supprimer les passages relatifs a la COlp.mission de conciliation, qui, de l'avis , de M. Bunche, ne sont pas utiles. Ainsi, dans le texte du projet de resolution que propose la delegation du Canada, les quatre premiers paragraphes resteraient sans changement et le paragraphe 5, apres suppression des mots "Commission de conciliation" et des mots "avec l'aide du'~ se lirait comme suit: ' "Invite le chef d'etat-major de l'organisme des, Nations Unies charge de la surveillance de la treve, a assurer l'observance de la suspension d'armes en Palestine, et releve le Mediateur des Nations Unies pour la Palestine de toutes autres fonctions qui lui etaient assignees par les resolutions du Conseil de securite." Au paragraphe 6, les mots (~'la Commission de conciliation, sur l'avis du" seraient supprimes et ce paragraphe se lirait comme suit: "Invite le Secretaire general a maintenir en fonctions le personnel de l'organisme des Nations Unies. charge de la surveillance de la treve, dont le chef d'etat-major pourra demander le maintien en vue de faire respecter la suspensiqn d'armes, et qui pourra etre necessaire pour aider les parties aux accords d'armisticecl. assurer l'observance et l'execution des dispositionsdesdits accords." En presentant ce, projetde resolution nous sommes, bien entendu, disposes, cl. etudier toute suggestion que les membres du Conseil p01Jrraient soumettre au sujet du texteainsi amende. Il suffit d'etudier le rapport de M. Bunche pour se rendre clairementcompte de la necessite de' presenter ce projet de resolution. Cependant, il nous semble qu'il serait sage, dans les circonstances actuelles, de maintenir, jusqu'au moment ou les efforts de la Commission de conciliation auront abouti aun traite de paix definitif, les dispositions de la resolution duJ~juillet·1948 [5/902] interdisant tout recoursa'uile action militaire. In the circumstances, however, we think it wise to retain the provisions of the Security Council resolution of 15 July 1948 [5/902] in regard to the prevention of any further military action until such time as the further; work of the Conciliation Commission bears fruit through the achievement of the final peace settlement. Le rapport du Mediateur par interim marque, me semble-t-il, une etape importante dans l'elaboration de methodes .efficaces de negociation pacifique des differends, au sein des Nations Unies. L'reuvre du Mediateur par interim et le succes qu'il a obtenu creent un precedent tres important en ce qui concerne, d'une fa~on gene-:- rale, les procedures tendant a l'etablissement et au maintien de la paix; les methodes et les techniques employees pour resoudre la question de Palestine serviront, a notre avis, de guideprecieux si une situation analogue se presentea nouveau. The submission of the Acting Mediator's report marks, I think, an important stage in the successful development, within the United Nations, of methods for the 'peaceful settlement of disputes by negotiation. The work of the Acting Mediator, Mr. Bunche, which has been crowned with such success, establishes a most important precedent in the general procedures of establishing and keeping the peace, and the techniques and methods developed in the solution of the Palestine problem will, we believe, offer a most useful guide should a similar situation ever arise in the future. La delegation du Canada s'associe aux conclusions du Mediateur par interim; elle estime, comme lui, qu'il est temps de mettrefin aux fonctions dont i1 demeure investi en vertu des differentes r~solutions du Conseil de securite, soit en transferant ces fouctions a la Commission de conciliation des Nations Unies pour·la Palestine; soit de toute autre fa~on. Nom; pensons qu'en agissant ainsi le Conseil de securite aidera les pays touches par le conflit a hater notablement le retablissement de conditions normales de stabilite dans le Moyen Orient. C'est la, selon nous, une condition prealablede toute reprise du progres economique et social dans ces importantes regions.. The Canadian delegation is in agreement with the Acting Mediator's conclusion that the time has now come, as he has said, to terminate an9- to transfer to the United Nations Palestine Commission--or to otherwise conclude-:-such furtctions as now remain to the Acting Mediator under the various resolutions of the Security Council. By taking this action now, we are of the opinion that the Council would be assisting.the countries affected to take an important step in the direction of restoring normal conditions of stability to the Middle East. This,.in our view, is a prerequisite to the further social and economic development of this important area. Finally, the Canadian delegation wishes to ex- Finalement, la delegation. du .Canada tient a press its appreciation of the' manner in which declarer qu'elle apprecie asa juste valeur la fa~on the staff of the United Nations Mission in Palesdont les membres de la Mission des Nations tine, the members of the United Nations Secre- Unies pour la Palestine, les membres du Secretariat and those officers who served as n;tilitary tariat des Nations Unies et les officiers qui ont observers in Palestine have contributed to the servi d'observateurs militaires en Palestine ont successful conclusion of these Agreements. At contribue a la conclusion deces conventions. the same time, we believe that much credit is due Nous tenons egalement a rendre hommage a la to the forbearance and the perseverance of the patience et a la perseverance dont les differents ;rarious representatives of the parties concerned representants des parties interessees ont fait m the negotiations leading to the completion of preuve a l'occasion· des negociations qui ont the Armistice Agreements. It is our earnest hope abouti aux conventions d'armistice. Nous 80Uthat the same spirit of co-operation and of comhaitons vivement que le meme esprit de cooperamon e~deavour will mark the peace negotiations tion et la meme volonte commune d'aboutir marwhich are now taking place in Lausanne. quent les negociations de paix qui se deroulent 1Itn••iIIIIlIII-...'............."'....t ..._""..... , ..., ... _ ........_.__ , .... a_ctu_e...ll_em_e_n_t_a_L_a_u_sa...n_n_e_.""-_·_· ~__ Mr. ASHA (Syria): I should like, at the outset, to express my deep gratitude to thePresident and the members of the Security Council for permitting me to participate in the discus- $ion now taking place. I have no desire to prolong this debate. The action which is called for and which should be taken by this Council has been made very clear in the report of the Acting Mediator. I consider it imperative, .however, that on behalf of my Government, I should refute the insinuations m?-de by Mr. Eban in the lengthy discourse he made this morning. Mr. Eban appeared to have drawn certain de- Gudlons froth what he read in the Press, concerning the attitude of my Government. These deductions-in the manner in which they were presented by Mr. Eban-seemed to impute to my Government the possibility of bad faith with' regard to the Armistice Agreement. As Mr. Eban knows full well, my Government entered into armistice negotiations only after most serious reflection. It did so, because there was an urgent appeal from the Security Council, and my Government has always been a good Member of the United Nations. Having entered into the armistice. negotiations, which were long and arduous, my Government-as Mr. Eban also knows'-did nl?t authorize the signing of an ~rmistice agreement until it had examined every provision most carefully. The Government of Syria honours its word and fully respects agreements into which it enters. Mr. Eban's Government may still be too young to lmow this, although the comparative records of the two parties with regard. to the observance of the truce should greatly impress Mr. Eban in this regard. Mr. Eban refers to the moral force of a continued armsembargo~ without, howeyer, the system of inspection which existed under the truce. The basis which Mr. Eban seems to advance for this proposal is that his Government will abide by the Armistice Agreements; put ,that the Arab States cannot :. ~ trusted to do so. I would point out to Mr. Eban the experience under the truce, when there was a complete Security Councif ban onth~ importation of arms, coupled with a strong system of United Nations inspection. Despite this system of inspection, it was Mr. Eban's. forces and not the Arab forces which found ways and means of obtaining arms under the truce. Can Mr. Eban tell us where and how his Government obtained the planes-the Spitfires and Flying Fortresses-the' heavy tanks, and the o~dnance which they did not have at the beginmng of the truce but which appeared in subsequent fighting under the truce? M. ASHA (Syrie) (traduit de I'anglais) : Je desire, tout d'abord, remercier sincerement le President et les membres du Conseil de securite, de m'avoir autorise a. prendre part a. la discussion qui se deroule en ce moment. Je ne voudrais pas prolonger le debat. Les mesures qui s'imposent et qu'il appartient au Conseil de prendre, ont ete tres nettement precisees dans le rapport du Mediateur par interim. Cependant, it est imperieux que je refute, au nom de mon Gouvernement, les insinuations qu'a faites M. Eban au cours du long discours qu'il a prononce ce matin. M. Eban parait avoir tire des communiques de presse .certaines deductions en ce qui concerne l'attitude de mon Gouvernement. Ces deductions, te1les que M. Eban les a presentees, semblaient donner a entendre que mon Gouvernement pourrait etre de mauvaise foi en ce qui concerne la convention d'armistice. Comme le sait fort bien M. Eban, mon Gouvernement ne s'est decide a entamer les pourparlers d'armistice qu'apres mure reflexion. S'il l'a fait, c'est en raison de l'appel urgent que lui a adresse le Conseil de securite et parce que la Syrie a toujours ete consciente de ses devoirs en tant que Membre des Nations Unies. Apres avoir participe au..'C longues et difficiles negociations d'armistice, mon Gouvernement - M. Eban ne l'ignore pas non plus - n'a donne son consentement a. la signature de la convention qu'apres en avoir minutieusement examine toutes les clauses. Le Gouvernement de la S'yrie fait toujours honneur: a. sa parole et respecte pleinement les engagements auxquels il a souserit. Peut-etre, le Gouvernement que represente M. Eban est-il encore trop jeune pour le savoir et pourtant, ne serait-ce qu'en comparant la fa<;:i1 dont chacune des deux parties a observe la treve, M. Eban devrait etre eciifie a cet egard. M. Eban a fait etat de l'eflet moral que produirait le maintien de l'embargo sur les armes, sans que continue 11. fonctionner le regime de controle qui existait aux te11Pes des accords de treve. M. Eban semble fonder cette proposition sur l'affirmation que son Gouvernement se conformera aux conventions d'armistice, alors qu'on ne saurait faire confiance aux Etats arabes. Je voudrais rappeler a M. Eban ce qui s'est passe pendant la treve au moment ou l'importation des armes etait strictement interdite par le Conseil de securite, et ou les Nations Unies exer<;aientun controle tres severe. En depit de ce regime de controle, ce sont les forces armees du Gouvernement que represente M. Eban, et non pas les forces arabes, qui onttrouve le moyen d'obtenir des armes malgre les dispositions de la treve. M. Eban pourrait-il me dire ou et comment son Gouvernement s'est procure les avions-Spitfires et fOlteresses volantes-Ies tanks lourds et l'artil1erie dont il 'ne disposait pas avant la treve et qui depuis ont fait leur apparition sur les champs de bataille? Finally, I wish to associate myself wit-h the delegations which have paid high tribute to the late Count Fo1ke Bernadotte and to Mr. Ralph Bunche, Brigadier General Ri1ey, Mr. Vigier and the other members of the Staff for their devotion, for their resourcefulness, and for the way in which they have handled the Palestine question. Mahmoud FAWZI Bey (Egypte) (traduit ae ranglais): Paimi les documents dont nous sommes saisis figure l'important rapport dans lequel M. Bunche indique qu'a son avis l'heure est ventre de mettre fin a sesfonctions de Mediateur par interim pour la Palestine. Au nom de ma delegation et du Gouvernement de l'Egypte, je voudrais rappeler a ce propos le devouement, la patience et l'initiative dont a fait preuve M. Ralph Bunche qui, dans des circonstances extremement difficiles, a grandement contribue a la conclusion des conventions d'armistice et a l'reuvre de paix realisee sous l'egide des Nations Unies. Mahmoud FAWZI Bey (Egypt): Among the documents we have for our consideration is the impo'rtant report in which Dr. Bunche indicates that, in his view, the time has come for terminating his functions as the United Nations Acting Mediator on Palestine. In this connexion, on behalf of my delegation and my country, I should like to recall the devotion, the patience and the resourcefulness with which Dr. Ra1ph Bunche has abundantly contributed to the conclusi()11 of the Armistice Agreements and to the work of peace on behalf of the United Nations under extremely difficult circumstances. Nous n'avons pas toujours pu accepter les vues du de£unt Mediateur en Palestine, ni celles du Mediateur par interim. Cependant, nous n011s plaisons a reconnaitre une fois de plus leur sincerite et l'esprit d'abnegation qu'ils ont apporte a l'reuvre de paix.· Le sacrifice du comte Folke Bernadotte, du colonel Serot et de plusieurs autres est un un' temoignage eloquent de leur devouement et de leur courage. Le comte Bernadotte et tous ses collaborateurs, et <,::n premier lieu M. Bunche, ont merite notre gratitude et notre profonde estime. We have not always been in accord with the Acting Mediator or with the late Mediator on Palestine. It is their due, however, that we recognize once and again their sincerity and the selflessness with which they have worked for peace. The sacrifice of the iate Mediator, Count Folke Bernadotte, of the late Colonel Serat, and several others will bear eloquent testimony to their devotion and to their courage. Count Bernadotte and all his collaborators, with Mr. Ralph Bunche at their head, have earned our gratitude and our real esteem. Le projet de t:esolution commun presente par le Canada et la Nor"ege exprime cette gratitude et cette estime; ma delegation l'appuie chaleureusement. La conclusion des conv~ntions d'armistic~ marque la fin d'une etape importante dans le' reglement de la qu~stion palestinienne. Le rapport que nous soumet le Mediateurpai interim indique clairement que les combats ont pris fin en Palestine. De plus, i1 precise que les conventions' se sont revelees efficaces en pratique et que le Mediateur parinterim ne voit pas de raisons pour qu'elles cessent de l'etre.Nous pourrions citet, en outre, certaines opinions qui ont ete exprimees aujourd'hui par differentes delegations. Le Mediateur par interim adit que ces conventiotl:s equivalent a des pacies de non-agression: D'autre part, le distingue representant d'Isra~l adecmre qu'it s'agissait d'un reglement provisoire qui ne. pourra ctre complete que par une paix definitive,' et que la duree de ces conventions n'etait pas limitee. The joint draft resolution submitted to us by Canada and Norway is an expression of such gratitude and such esteem. My delegation warmly supports it. The conclusion of the Armistice Agreements marks the end of an important stage in our dealing with the Palestine question. The present report of the United Nations Acting Mediator makes it clear that the fighting in Palestine has ended. We further read in the report that the Agreements have proved effective in practice and that the Acting Mediator sees no reason why they should not continue to. do so. To this may be ad~ed, among other things, certain eXJ?ressions whic~ we heard today from several quarters. We heard the United Nations Acting Mediator say that these Armistice Agreements are.tantamount to a non-aggression pact. We heard the distin-- gUis~e.d spokesman of Isr::el say that they are a provlslOnal settlement whIch can only be supplementedby a peace settlement, and that these Agreements have no time limit. .I am purposely making these quotations, or rather transliterations, of what I understood the Acting Mediator and the spokesman of Israel to have said today. , C'est a dessein que je cite, ou plutot que Je paraphrase les declarations que le Mediateur par interim et le porte-parole du Gouvernement d'Israel ont faites aujourd'hui, suivant ce que j 'ai compris. ; Un orateur a fait allusion ce matin, au rearmement des Etats arabes; cet apres-midi, d'autJ:es orateurs en ont reparle, mais d'une fa<;on diffe- One speaker made mention this morning of . re~rmament by the Arab States. Other speakers ":18. after~oon alluded to it in a differen. way, As to the question of Palestine, the Armistice Agreements concerning it abound in unequivocal assurances and commitments not to resort 11:0 force or even plan or threaten to resort to force in its settlement. I am not going to weary the Council or take too much of its time by again. quoting from those Armistice Agreements. Other speakers before me-aIy1 the representative of the United States in particular-have already done so. I would onlv add a remainder of what Mr. Bunche said, when he expressed the view that we must not weaken the Armistice Agreements or question the good faith of the Parties. With regard to the ground covered in the Acting Mediator's report, we find it, after careful and balanced consideration, satisfactory as a whole. This applies-and I am saying this, on purpose, in deference to the desire expressed by the Pres.iJent-to the general lines of action on which the Security Council might now consider it appropriate to decide and which are expressed and outlined in the annex to the Acting Mediator's report. It also applies to the draft resolution which has just been submitted by the representative of Canada. The way, however, in which #le report approaches certain matters might require some c~npnen.t, bu~ I shall avoid going into any detaded dIScussIon or comments on it unless it is absolutely necessary. The records of·the Security Council bear undeniable witness that the Egyptian Government conscious of its obligations under the Charter of the l:nited Nations, never failed to give effect to the resolutions of the Jecurity Council. That has been our record so far. We are still animated by the same spirit. , Mt. Hsu ~China): On behalf of my delegation,. may I offer c~:>ngratu!ations to the Acting MedIator on Palestine and all those associated with him fm the successful conclusion of the armistice negotiations. Let me also thank them for. the service th~y have so ably rendered to the Umted Nations. In certain situations it is only t~rough competent men like them that this Councd .c~n effectively disch!1rge its functions in the ma1D'cenance of International peace and security. We cannot but remember those associates of theirs who sacrificed· their lives in the service indl1ding the late Mediator. To those men ~on­ gratulations are out of place.and thanks~mpty. - . Quant ala portee du rapport du Mediateur par interim et al'etendue des questions dont il traite, nous estimons, apres l'avoir soumis a un examen tres approfondi, qu'il est satisfaisant dans son ensemble. Je tiens a preciser, confonnement au desir qu'~ exprime le President, que ce jugement s'applique aux mesures d'ordre general que le Conseil de securite pourrait preconiser maintenant, mesures qui figurent en annexe at' rapport du Mediateur par interim. It s'applique aussi au projet de resolution presente par la delegation du Canada. 0::: pourrait, cependant, formuler que1ques observations sur la fac;on dont cerlaines questions sont traitees dans ce rapport; je voudrais toutefois eviter d'entrer clans une discussion ou un commentaire deb.i1le a ce sujet, a moins que ce ne soit absolument necessaire. Les documents du Conseil de securite prol1vent que le Gouvernement de l'Egypte, conscient des obligations que lui impose la Charte des Natioils Unies, s'est toujoursconforme aux resolutions du Conseil de slkurite. TelIe a ete notre conduite jusqu'iciet. nous sommes 'toujours animes du meme esprit. M. Hsu (Chine) (traduit de l'anglais): Au nom de ma delegation, je tiens a. feliciter le Mediateur par intfrim pour la Palestine et tous ses collaborateurs de l'heureuse conclusion des negociations d'a,rmistice. Je tiens egalement a. les remercier du grand service qu'ils ont rendu avec tant de competence aux Nations Unies. Dans certains cas, ce n'est que grace a des hommes qualifies comme eux que ce Conseil peut exercet . avec efficacite les fouctions qui lui incombent en vue du maintien de la paix et de la securite internationales. Nous ne pouvons pas ne pas garder vivantle souvenir de leurs collepes qui ont sacrifie leur vie· au service des Nations Unies, notammel)t celui du defunt Mediateur. En c~, qui les COll;....l Mediation between tWD hostile parties is always attended by danger. It is the duty of the authority which sponsors the 1!oble attempt to adopt measures to anticipate contingencies. The mediation which we are winding up has finished only one~half of the task for which it was set UP. The other half is now being performed by the Conciliation Commission. It is our obligation towards these faithful servants of the United Nations who have sacrificed their lives to make sure that the original purpose of the mediation will ultimately be accomplished, and accomplished in such a way as to be worthy of the true spirit of pacific settlement in which law and justice play no smaller parts than political considerations. May I also offer congratulations to the parties to the armistice negotiations. We rejoice in the restoration of normal relations between them. which alone make it possible for them to proceed to settle their pQlitical differences ill an atmosphere of calm. We likewise rejoice because of the good sense they have demonstrated in their negotiations without which a conflict of interest and claims as serious as that confronting them could not have been 50 easily terminated. We wish them success in the political settlement which th~y are next to attempt with the aid of the Conciliation Commission. Turning' to the draft resolution suggested by the Acting Mediator and sponsored by the represen~ati,:e of Canada, I need only say that my reactIon IS favourable and that my support can be given in principle. With regard to the question of an embargo, I hope that the representative of Israel will not be insistent. The maintenance of such an embargo does not seem to be in harmony with the spirit of ar: armistice. Besides, although it may have certam practical advant~ges, it will also give rise to many practical difficulties. It is true that '\\'ithout it there may arise in the Near East a race in armaments, but such a contingency does not seem imminent, especially in view of the assurance given by the arm-exporting countries not to permit it. And then, if the worst should happen, this Council c{)uld always step in to call a halt to it. I think the repres~ntative of Israel could be satisfied without an embargo being set. D'~il1eurs, si la situation empirait, it serait toujours loisible au Consell d'intervenir pour y mettre un terme. Je pense que le representant d'Israel sera satisfait de ces assurances, sans qu'it soit necessaire d'etablir un embargo. Mr. CHAUV:EL (France) (translated from French): I should 'like first of all to comment on the statement just made. by the representative of Canada regarding the fifth and sixth paragraphs of the draft resolution submitted to us this morning by the Acting Mediator. I fully sympathize with the desire of General McNaughton not to complicate the work of the ConCiliation Commission by mixing it with. the IIrz t t ,.' ."_JIIlMllI\Aa_dU 1... M. CnAuvEL (France): Je voudrais, tout d'abord, faire une remarque en ce qui concerne ce qu'a dit tout a l'heure le representant du Canada au sujet des cinquieme et sooeme paragraphes du projet de resolution qui nOttS a ete soumis ce matin par le Mediateur par hlterim. Je sympathise pleinement avec la pn~occupa­ tion du general McNaughton de ne pas cOlnpliquer la tache de la Commission de conciliation, • It is not my impression that it is advisable for us to re-establish a post in order to transfer to the holder of that post some of the functions which up to now have been assigned to the Mediator. I have said that that was perhaps not absolutely necessary. What wocld the functions provided for in the fifth paragraph of the draft resolution prepared by Mr. Bunche really be? There is no longer any truce involved since the truce has ceased to exist. What is involved is the injunction of'· the Security I Council according to which the parties must desist from recourse to arms. In other ,¥ords, the function set forth in the fifth paragraph is to notify the Security Council if one of the Parties, one of the signatories of the Armistice Agreements, has recourse to arms, or, in other words, if the armistice is broken. I do not consider that absolutely essential. Most members of the Security Council read the newspapers and, if, as I have already suggested, the Council continues to take an interest in the question, it would' he in a position to take up the question and to take all the necessary steps without the intervention of the Conciliation Commission or of any chief or staff. The sixth paragraph states that the Secretary- General. will be asked to continue in existence such of the personnel as the Conciliation Commission in consultation with the Chief of Staff, may require. If I rightly understand the statement of the Acting Mediator, that operation is in progress. It has progressed to the point that the former mission of the Chief of Staff of the United Nations has been cut down by. about seventy members. To-day we were told' that in the near future those sixty-five or seventy persons might be reduced to thirty. Here again rt seems to me that it is not absolutely essential to invoke the law and the prophets and the Conciliation Commission and a Chief of Staff. That work is for the Secretariat. It seems·to me that the I Quant au sixieme paragraphe, il yest dit que le Secretaire general sera invite a maintenir en fonctions le personnel necessaire dont la Commission de conciliation, sur l'avis du chef d'etatmajor, pourrademander le maintien. Si je comprends hien ce qu'a dit le MMiateur par interim, cette operation est en cours. Elle est deja faite jusqu'a concurrence d'une reduction aux environs de soixante-dix: personnes de ce qu'etait autrefois la mission du chef de I'etat..major de I'organisme des Nations Unies. Aujourd'hui on nous a dit que peut-etre' dans un avenir prochain ces soixante-cinq ou soixante-dix personnes pour- , raient etre reduites a trente. Il me semble que, -la encore, il n'est pas absolument indispensable d'invoquer la lQi et les prophetes et la CommissionA danger~ng the efficient operation of what we are proposmg. This is only a special remark which is bringing me to what I fear the CouHcil may consider as an additional development of the matter. While listening to the comments made this morning In connexion with certain of my own remarks and the explanations of Mr. Bundle, it occurred to me that his text, which was necessarily drafted prior to these discussions, might be revised to take into· consideration s('me of the remarks which had been made. Thus my delegation has drafted an amended text which has just been distributed to the Council [Sj1364]. I shall take the liberty of reading out those amendments and at the same time I shall comment on them briefly. They do not bear on the first and second paragraphs of the draft resolution submitted by Mr. Bunche and which was sponsored by the Canadian delegation. The amendments relate to the third, fourth, fifth and sixth paragraphs. According to the draft I suggest, the third paragraph would read as follows: "Constate que 1es accords d'armistice, faisant sttite a la treve stipulee par 1esresolutions du Consell de securite en date des 29 mai et 15 juillet 1948,constitllent un progres important dans l'etablissement d'une paix permanente en Palestine, et estime qtte ces accQ1'ds se substituent ala treve, qui de CB fait est caduque:' It n'y a rien de bien nouveau dans ce texte. Le seu1 element veritab1enient nouveau est le fait que nous ne mentionnons pas seu1ement la resolution du 15 juillet, mais aussi celle du 29 maL Ce texte fait apparaitre ce qui resulte des discussions de la journee, a savoir que 1es accords d'armistice se substituent a la treve et que la treve est cadttque. Le texte qui nous avait ete propose le disait, mais d'une autre maniere, a savoir: "rendent inutile ·la prolongation de -la treve". It ne suffit pas probab1ement de dire aue la treve est inuti1e; je crois qu'it faut en constater la caducite. Ceci a ete constate ce m.athl par M. Bunche qui nous a dit que, bien que sa mission soit terminee et que l'on puisse considerer que la treve a ete remp1aceepar les accords d'armistice, les resolutions du Conseil·demeurent.en vigueur s'il n'en' est pas autrement dispm:e. Si nous consirlerons qo.. la treve est cauuque je crois qu'il faut que noUiO le disions et que nous le disions expressement. Le quatrieme paragraphe s€dirait de la fa<;on suivante: . "Conflrm.e jusqu'ala conclusion d~ la pai;r l'injonction contenue dans la resolution du 15 juillet 1948 aux. Gouvernements et autorites interesses, en application de l'Article 40 de la Charte des Nations Unies, de Tenoncer a toute acti.on militaire et, considerant _qtte la signature des accords dJarmistice donne efJet a c~tte injonction, fait confianceaux parties pour ~ontinuer dJassurqr lJapplication de ces acco1'ds.J' "Finds that the Armistice Agreements contimting the truce provided in the resolutions of the Security Council of 29 May and 15 July 1948, are an important step in the establishment of permanent peace ill Palestine and considers that th.ese Agreements replace the trttce, which is therefore pU1'poseless." That text contains nothing very new. The only really new element is the fact that we do not only mention the resolution of 15 July but also that of 29 May. The text indicates what is apparent from the discussions of today, namely that the Armistice Agreements replace the truce and that the truce is obsolete. The text which had been proposed to us said this in a different way, namely, "render unnecessary the prolongation of the truce". It is probably not adequate to say that the truce is unnecessary; I think that its obsoleteness must be mentioned. That has been made clear by what Mr. Bunche told us this morning ~at,.although his.mission was ended and although lt mlght be conSidered that the truce had been r~placed by the Armistice Agreements, the resolutions of the Council remain in force unless it is decided otherwise. If we consider that the truce is obsolete I think we must state the fact and state it specifically. The fourth paragraph would read as 'follows: "Reaffirms, pending the conclusion of peace, the __ order contained in its resolution of 15 July 1948 to the Governments and authorities concerned, pursuant to Article 40 of the Charter of the. United Nations, to desist from any military actlO~ ~nd, considering that the signature of the Ar~zstuie Agrements gives effect to that order, ,relzes on the Parties to continue to ensure the ePlications o/these:greements'" Moreover my delegation introduced the phrase: "pending the conclusion of peace". Actually an order cannot be maintained ad in.finitmn, and it is normal to indicate how long it will remain in effect. The order should remain in effect until the situation is completely regularized as a result of the conclusion of a definitive peace. The fifth paragraph merely states: "Decides to relieve the Mediator of the fu,nctions assigned to him by the Security Council". TLe wording is taken from the fifth paragraph of the draft submitted by the Canadian delegation. The sixth paragraph deals with the subject referred to a short time ago.' I would be inclined to amend my own text· to take into account the remarks made by the representative of Canada. The text before you reads as follows: "Requests the Conciliation Commission to take, in conjunction with the Secretary-General of the' United Nations, any measures necessary to assure the ayailability on the spot of the staff required for the operation of these Armistice Agreements". I think that that is perfectly adequate to determine the work which remains to be done. If we feel that it would be advisable notto involve the Conciliation Commission in the matter-and that is a feeling which I share-we might simply say: "Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations to take any measures necessary to assure the availability on the spot of the staff required for the oper,ation of these Armistice Agrements." In other words we would delete the reference to the Conciliation Commission. . . Finally .. I propose to .add· the following paragraph: "And maintains the question of Palestine on its agenda pending the definitive conclusion of 'treaties of peace." I think· that that. fact which might be taken as a matter'.of course loses nothing in being stated. I think that in that way we show our watchfulness and·· also our concern and we reserve' our right, in the event of an incident, to take up the matter here and to. take. any steps which we consiqer necessary without ~my other intermediary. pro:- .cedure. Those are the~l,1ggestTc;h~ which I put forward. I hope they will not unduly prolong the Council's diSCUssion. "Decide de relever le Mediateur des fonctions qui 11ti etaient assiJnees par le Conseil de securite." Cette formule est reprise dans le cinquieme paragraphe du projet soumis par la delegation du Canada. Le sixieme paragraphe traite du sujet auque1 il a ete fait allusion tout a I'heure. Je serai amene a modifier mon propre texte pour tenir compte des observations faites par le representant du Canada. Le texte que vous avez sous les yeux se lit ainsi: "Invite la Commission de conciliation a prendre, en liaison avec le Secretaire general des Nations Unies, toutes mesures necessaires pour assurer la presence sur place du personnel qui serait necessaire aufonctionnement des accords d'armistice." Je crois que cela suffit parfaitement pour determiner le travail qui reste a faire. Si nous considerons - et je suis d'accord sur cet point - qu'il y a interet ane pas meler la Commission de conciliation a cette affaire, nous pourrions dire simplement ceci: "Invite le Secretaire general des Nations Dnies a. prendre routes 1l).esures necessaires pour assurer la presence sur place du personnel liui serait necessaire au fonctionnement des accords d'arrriistice:", Autrement dit, nous ferions dispaniitre les mots "la Commission de conciliation". Enfin je profose d'ajouter le paragraphe suivant: "Et maintient la question de Palestine a son ordre du jour jusqu'a la conclusion definitive des traites de paix." Jecrois que ..ceci, qui pourrait aller de soi, va aussi bien en le disant. Je pense en effet que, de cette maniere, nous marquons fiotre vigilance et en meme temps notre solIicitude, et nous nous reservons a nous.,.memes la possibilite, si un incident se prod1;1it, d'evoqueraussitot l'affaire iei, sans autre procedure intermediaire,et de prendre les mesures qui nous paraitraient necessaires. Telles sont les suggestions que je me permets de faire; j'esperequ'elles n'alourdiront pas sans necessitenos debats. t7'I1III M. RIBAS (Cuba) (traduit de l'espagno1) : C'est avec une vive satisfaction que la delegation de Cuba a pris connaissance du rapport dans lequel M. Ralph Bunche, MMiateur par interim pour la Palestine, avise le Conseil de securite qu'il en a termine avec sa tache ardue de Mediateur et lui suggere de transferer a la Commission de conciliation les fonctions dont ill'avait investi. Ma delegation estime que ce n'est pas la un fait courant dans les annales du monde. Apres des pourparlers longs et compliques qui se sont deroutes tant au sein de l'Organisationdes Nations Unies qu'entre les parties en presence, et dont le but etait de mettre a execution les resolutions du Conseil de securite, on "\ abouti cl la signature des armistices qui ont apporte la paix aces peuples qui se trouvaient engages dans Un cruel conflit. Aussi est-ce pour nous une grande satisfaction de faire remarquer que les armistices qui viennent d'etre conc1us sont une nouvelle (Emonstration de l'efficacite et de la qualite qui caracterisent notre Organisation, lorsque les interpretes de la Charte des Nations Unies son animes de bonne volonte. La delegation de CUba tient a exprimer sa gratitude, d'une part, au Mediateur par interim et a tous ses collaborateurs, pour les efforts infatigables qu'ils ont deployes pour poursuivre l'reuvre··· cltt ·paJadin de la paix ititernationale qu'etait le corriteBernadotte,et d'autTepart, i toutes les parties au conflit de Palestine pour le grand esprit de conciliation et la conscience de la .solidarite internationale dont elles· ont fait preuve, meritant de ce fait les felicitations de tous les payspacifiques. Ma delegation appronve leprojet de resolution du O:madaqui contient les recommandations annexees au rapport du Mediateur par interim, et elle votera en sa faveur. . Mr. RrBAS (Cuba) (translated from Spanish) : The Cuban delegation was most gratified to read the report of the Acting Mediator on Palestine, Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, which notified the Security Council that he had completed his difficult task as Mediator and suggested that the functions conferred upon him shou10 be handed. over to the Conciliation Commission. My delegation feels that this is an unusual deed in the evolution of world events. After extensive and involved discussions both within the United Nations and between the contracting parties with a view to implementing the Security Council's resolutions, the Armistice Agreements were signed bringing peace to those peoples which had been involved in a cruel struggle. It is, then, very gratifying to note that those Armistice Agreements are one further proof of the effectiveness and excellence of this Organization when those who interpret the United Nations Charter are moved by goodwill. . The Cuban delegation wishes to convey its thanks to the Acting Mediator, Dr. Bunche, and to ea.ch and everyone of those who helped him, for their untiring efforts in continuing the work of Count Bernadotte, the champion of international peace, and also to all the various parties involved .in the Palestine dispute for the great sl?irit of compromise an<;l feeling of international· solidarity which they have shown and fo1' which they deserve the congratulations of all peaceloving countries. My delegation agrees with and will vote for the draft resolution submitted by the Canadian representative which contains the recommendations appearing as an annex to the Acting Mediator's report. - Mr. BUNCHE (Acting Mediator on Palestine): M. BUNCHE (Mediateur par inte'.nn pour la I wish to say just a -brief word with regard to' . Palestine) (traduit de l:anglais) :]e ,'oudrais ·faire one of, the amendments submitted in document une breve observation au sujet de l'un des 5/1364 by the delegation of France. That is the amendements· presentes par la de~egation de la amendment to,the sixth paragraph,· and I wish . France et qui figureau doctttnent 5/1364. I1 s'agit also to say a word in connexion with the statede l'amendement ausixieme paragraphe. Jevoument just .hade by the representative of France. : drais egalement dire un mot a propos de la declaration que vient de faire le representant de la . FraI1ce~ . ; : . Je me permets de signaler a l'attention des membres du Conseilque cet amendementaurait un effet tres serieux sur les conventions d'armistice te11es qu'elle,s sont actuellement redigees, car . it aurait pour resultat d'infirmer un article capital I would .point out to the members of the Security Council-that this amendment would have .a very serious effect upon the Armistice Agree- HThe execution of the provisions of this Agreement shall be supervised by a mixed armistice commission composed of five members, of whom each Party to this Agreement shall designate two, and whose Chairman shall be the United Nations Chief of Staff ofilie Truce Supervision Organization or a senior officer from the observer personnel of that Organization designated by him following consultation with both Parties to this Agreement." This, I may inform the Council, was a provision that was' worked into the Armistice Agreement following long and serious discussion with the parties concerned. It was for that reason that in my draft memorandum annexed to my report, I specifically retained the title of Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization, because I did not assume that under any conditions this Council, would wish to attempt to alter the substance of Agreements voluntarily entered into by the Parties: nor did I assume that the Council would wish to refuse reasonable assistance which the P~rties have requested, that assistance in this instance being the .. provision of' a Chairman for the Mixed Armistice Commissions, in,the form of the Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization, and such limited observer personnel as the Parties may require. in assisting them to supervise the terms of the Agreements. Moreover, this amendment would Introduce a new element into the Agreements. It would introduce, to the extent to which personnel would be required, the Palestine Conciliation Commission. Of course, the amendment makes specific reference to the fact that the Conciliation Commission Vltouldensure the availability on the spot of the staff required for the operation of these Armistice Agreements. I may inform the Council that there was' full discussion in the negotiations on what relationship there might be between the Agreements and the P~lestine Conciliation Commission, and it was the mutual feeling of .the Parties that the Conciliation Commissipn would have the very important and serious job of conducting the peace negotiations, and thatthe Parties, themselves, with tl1eassistance defined in the Agreements, would , take care of the implementation of the Armistice Agreements. ' . ,This WOttld really have the effect of giving the Conciliati9nColllmission the responsibility for pro-' viding military staff. In view of the work which the Conciliation Commission has undertaken, this would be a minor responsibility,which, moreover, would have no relation to the present duties of the Commission and which,'it would seem to ,me, would be not at all appropriate, unless the, Conciliation Commission were to be'responsible for the supervision of a cease-fire, , In..my original cl,raft, I4ad stiggested. tJ1~t the Conciliatiol1 Commission might be.responsiblef,m:' the supervision'ofa c~i;l.se""fire, if the' Security Council saw :fit to continue a cease':':fite order in Puis-je rappeler que cette disposition a ete introduite dans les conventions d'armistice a la suite de longues et graves discussions entre les parties interessees. C'est pourquoi, dans le projet . de memorandum annexe a mon rapport j'ai volontairement maintenu le titre de chef d'etatmajor de 1'0rgan~sation de contrale de la treve, car je presumaiS; qu'en aucune circonstance le Conseil ne chercherait amodifier, quant au fond, des conventions volontairement conclues entre les parties; je presumais egalement que le Conseil ne refuserait pas d'accorder l'assistance raisonnable qu'ont demandee les parties, assistance qui consiste, en roccurrence, dans la designation d'un President pour les commissions mixtes d'armistice, qui serait le chef d'etat-major de l'organisation de controle de la tl'eve, et d'un petit nombre d'observateurs dont les parties auraient besoin pour les aider a exercer la ~urvei11ance de l'execution des conventions. De plus, cet amendement introduirait un element nouveau dans les conventions en faisant entrer en jeu, dans la mesure ou un personnel de surveillance serait necessaire, la Commission de conciliation pour la Palestine. En efIet, l'amende- ,ment precise que la Commission de conciliation devra assurer la presence, sur place, du personnel qui serait necessaire a l'application des conventions d'armistice. Puis-je rappeler au Conseil qu'au ..cours des negociations les rapports entre l'execution des conventions d'armistice et le role de la Commission de conciliation pour la Palestine ont ete longuement discutes et que les parties sont tombees d'accord pour, decider que la Commission de conciliation se verrait confier la tache s~impoFtante et serieuse .de mener les negociations de. paix, 'i:andis que les parties elles-memes, avec l1aide dont la.nature est definie dans les conventions, veilleraient a l'execution des Conventions d'armistice. Cet amendement aurait en realite pour effet de charger la .Commission de cnnciliation du soin de fournir le personnel militaire necessaire. Or, at. regard de la tache assumee par la Commission, ce serait. la une responsabilite secondaire' qui, au surcroit, n'a1,1rait aucun rapport avec ses fonctions actuelles. Il ne serait, me parait-il, nulle- , ment opportun de lui confier c~tte tache, a moins , que la Commission de conciliation ne soit dec1aree responsable qe lasurvei1lance de la suspension , d'armes. ' Pans'mon projet initial, j'avais suggere'que la Commission de. conciliation pourrait. etre chargee de, la .surveillance de la' suspension d'armes si le In the last paragraph of the annex to my report-the draft memorandum-there are actually two functions envisaged, and this may have been misunderstood. The first part of that paragraph reads as follows: "Invite le Secretaire general a maintenir en fonction le personnel de l'organisme des Nations Unies charge de la surveillance de la treve, dont la Commission de conciliation, sur l'avis du chef d'etat-major, pourra demander le maintien en vue de faire respecter la suspension d'armes." "Requests the Secretary-General to continue in existence such of the present Truce Supervision Organizations as the Conciliation Commission, in consultation with the Chief of Staff, may require in maintaining the cease-fire". That was included in the draft because of the provision in the previous paragraph for the responsibility on the part of the Conciliation Commission for the supervision of ~e cease-fire. If the Conciliation Commission is not to have responsibility for supervising a cease-fire, then, obviously, there is no need for this statement in the last paragraph. . The second function, which had no connexion whatsoever with the Conciliation Commission, was the provision of such staff "as may be necessary in assisting the Parties to the Armistice Agreements in the supervision of the application and observance of the terms of those Agreements". That was to be done by the Secretary- General, and he would obviously do that in consultation with the Chief of Staff who would be the Chairman of the Mixed Armistice Commissions and under whose command the United Nations observers would serve, even when they were assisting the Parties in the implementation of the Armistice Agreements; for throughout these negotiations, it was kept in mind that the United Nations would not wish to provide observers to the Parties to the Armistice Agreements who would be exclusively under the command of the Parties; that, in some way, these observers must be kept under the command of the United Nations and made available to the Parties. The formula that was worked out to achieve this purpose in the Armistice Agreements.was that the observers would be made available to the Parties, under the direction of the Chief of Staff of the Truce Supe:r:vision Organization. In conclusion, therefore, unless it is desired very seriously to interfere with the Armistice Agreements, it would seem to be necessary to maintain a position of Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization; and to authorize· the Secretary-General to make ayailable a limited personnel for the purpose of a.ssisting the Parties in the implementation of the terms of the armistice. The. PRESIDENT (translated. from Russian): There are·still several speakers on my list.· We have, however, reached the time when it iscus- ·tornary to adjourn our meetings. lfeel, there- • ;>r<~1 that it would be e~~e~i~nt to continue the Dans le dernier paragraphe de l'annexe a mon rapport - qui constitue le projet de;- memorandum - deux fonctions distinctes en fait sont prevues, ce qui a pu donner lieu a un certain malentendu. La premiere partie de ce paragraphe est ainsi concsue: Ce texte a ete insere dans le projet de resolution en raison de la disposition figurant dans le paragraphe precedent, qui confie a. la Commission de conciliation .la surveillance de la suspension d'armes. Si la Commission de conciliation ne doit pas etre chargee de la responsabilite de surveiller la suspension d'armes, alors, bien entendu, la disposition qui figure au dernier paragraphe serait inutile. La deuxieme fonction, qui n'a absolument aucun rapport avec la Commission de conciliation, consiste a fournir le personnel "qui pourra etre necessaire pour aider les parties aux conventions d'armistice a assurer l'observation et l'executlon des dispositions desdites conventions". C'est le Secretaire general qui fournirait le personnel en question, apres avis, bien entendu, du chef d'etat-major qui serait le President des Commissions mixtes d'armistice et sous les ordres duquel seraient places les observateurs des Nations Unies, meme quand its aideraient les parties dans l'execution des conventions d'armistice. En effet, tout au long des negociations, it a ete garde present a l'esprit que 1'0rganisation des Nations Unies ne desirerait pas que les observateurs qu'elle mettrait a la disposition des parties aux conventions d'armistice soient exclusivement . places sous leurs ordres, mais qu'elle voudrait· que, d'une maniere ou d'une autre, ces observateurS restent aux ordres de 1'0rganisation quoique etant· au service des parties. La formule qui a ete adoptee ~ cet effet dans les conventions d'armistice stipule que les observateurs seront a la disposition des parties et sous les ordres du chef d'etat-major de l'organisation du contr6le de la treve. En conclusion, et a moins qu'ilne soit juge souhaitable de modifier profondement les conventions d'armi'stice, it serait donc necessaire de maintenir ce poste de chef .,d'etat-major "de 1'01'- ganisation de controle de la treve et d'autol'iser le Se~retaire general a fournir le personnel restreint "necessaire pour assister les parties dans l'execution des conditions de l'armistice. Le PRESIDENT (tmduit du russe): ,Plusieurs orateurs restent ins<;:rits sur ma liste. Or, nous approc.b.ons.dumoment ou. i1 est de. coutume de lever la seance:.· n me semble doncqtl'il serait opportunde continuer la discussion de cette ques.. The meeting rose at 6 p.m. La seance est levee a18 he~t1'es. .t, FRANCE Editions A. Pedone 13, rue Soumot PARIS, Ve GREECE-GRECE "Eleftheroudakis" Lihrairie internationale Place de la Constitution ATID:NES GUATEMALA Jose Gouhaud Gouhaud & Cia. Ltda. Sucesor 5a Av. Sur No. 6 y 9a C. P. 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