S/PV.531 Security Council

l am most grateful to the President for his kind and courteous worc1s of we1come. While fully aware of the great honour of representing my country in the Security Council of the United Nations, 1 am also deeply conscious of the far-reaching duties and responsibilities this membership entails, a 12. ,1 need not dwell on the gravity of the .international situation, nor point to the many unsolved problems faeing the Council. We are indeed far away. from the hopefuI dàys of San Francisco, and it would be ,unre~listic not to recognize the failure of many of our efforts. Moreover, it may well be, though we must never despair, that even more tritical times lie ahead of us. 13. At the same tinie, the United' Nations' remains rnankind's supreme hope, and there couId be no stronger inducement for supporting, using and strengthening its O1.achinery in the service of peace and security than the alarming seriousness of the present-day situation. 14. It is my govermnent's and my own fervent hope that the Netherlanc1s, through its membership in the S eçurity CouncilJ may contribute its shareto the finding c'est membre

l wish to express my thanks for the kind words with which 1 have just been welcomed in the CounciI. This is the second time that Brazil occupies a seat in this important organ of the United Nations to which the Charter entrusts the responsibility far the maintenance of peace and international security. From 1946 ta 1948 my country had the hOllour of taking part in the work of the Security Council during a decisive period of its history, a period which was characterized by the adaptation of its mechanism to the requirements of action, by the establishment of its rules of procedure and by the overcoming of innumerable difficulties, which were inevitable during the transition from the organizational level to the level of reality. 16. Today, when my country is vested with the functians for which it was elected by a significant majority of Member States, l bring to the Council the assurance of a sincere, enthusiastic and diligent co-operation in the cause of peace. Brazil takes pride in a long tradi:" tion in the service of international peace. The outIawing of war and the obligation to resort to arbitration in aIl cases of international dispute not only are written in BraziI's political Charter, but also constitute invariable norms of conduct in its relation with other peoples. Hs geographical situation in the heart of South America, with boundaries in common with almost aIl countries of that subcontinent, has made Brazil a natura! mediator in the disputes between its neighbours. 17. The United Nations answers the aspirations for peace and international arder that the Brazilian people have always shown throughout their history; thence the enthusiasm and the zeal with which Brazil cooperates in the work of the United Nations, in the political as well as in the economic and social fields. 18. The Organization of American States, of which Brazil has the honour of being a member, constitutes a significant example of how a well-conceived regionalism can vigorously contribute to world peace. The American continent does not have the psychologica1 barriers that make relations between States difficult. United by the same concept of life and civilization and by growing bonds of economic interdependence, the American peoples are rapidly advancing towards the l'ealization, on a continental scale, of the federal idea already embodied by aImost aIl of them in their national Constitutions. Federation presupposes a high degree of moral and spiritual integration, a balanced distribution of political power among the large and the small unitsJ as weil as mutual respect for the rights of each of them. 20. The l'eturn of my country .10 the Security Council occurs at a moment when tension in international relations has become of extreme gravity. We are confronted with an increasing deterioration of international relations, which is a symptom of the deep crisis affecting contemporary society. 20. moment est face tionales crise 21. The true causes of this crisis are to be found both in the national and in the international structure. 21. la 22. The First World War was still a war of the usual type, brought about by political and strategic rivalries among nations that were fighting on well-defined fronts and were imbued with national ideals. In its last stages, however, a new phenomenon occurred whieh substituted war between classes for war between peoples. Important national structures began .10 collapse and class struggle broke out in many nations. There followed a series of economic, ideological and diplomatie struggles which gave rise .10 an armed conflict. 22. guerre giques bien nalistes. nouveau peuples naux des vint diplomatiques, 23. révolution. tion cessus tous idéologie conséquences reconstruction tuelle blissement 23. The Second World War was in faet a revolutioll which continued .10 develop even after military operations had ceased. Amid this revolutionary process, that tries to implant a mass ideology' in a11 countries by propaganda or by force, it was not possible .10 undertake the liquidation of the aftennath of both wars and bring about the economic, politieal, social and spiritual reconstruction of the .world as a prerequisite for the establishment of a new order, both national and internâtional. 24. les plan international établit on peuples gue'rres Nations nité, ment trument cbllective. irréalisable. 24. The present crisis can be overcome only through the combined efforts of a11 nations both in the national and the international spheres. 1.1 is not possible .10 restore international order withbut laying the foundations for social equilibrium within each nation. There is everywhere a strong desire for pea;ce, order and work. There prevails among aIl democni.tic peoples the conviction of the ftitility of wars. as an instrument of national poliey. The United Nations has opened ample perspectives .10 mankind, whieh is tired of wars and anxious for peace. Our Organization is a powerful instrument for the peaceful settlement of confliets and for collective action. There is no progress. that cannot be achieved through it. 25. de ct cette Conseil droit des ne 25. The United Nations Charter invested the Security Couneil with the responsibility for the maintenance of peace and security, granting it the necessary means for the accomplishment of this task. The Charter conferred upon the permanent members of the Couneil a special position by giving them the veto right. This privilege, however, entails duties and responsibilities that the permanent members canuQt evade. The Charter is 26. One of the great Powers, the Soviet Union, has adopted a collectivist and totalitarian economic structure which it strives to extend to the rest of the world. This cÎrcumstance impedes sincere co-operation among the Powers that are responsible for wor1d peace, and as a result of this lack of collaboration, the world is confronted today with the imminence of a catastrophe without precedent. 27. The aggression of North Korea against the Republic of Korea and the armed intervention of the communist Government of China to prevent the United Nations forces from repelling the aggression and pacifying Korea are the latest tragic manifestations of the lack of agreement among the great Powers. This is perhaps the last opportunity for the Security Council to make a snpreme effort to bring about agreement among the great Powers with a view to averting the catastrophe that threatens to destroy the very foundatians of civilized life. There is no conflict of interests between the Powers that cannot be settled by peaceful means within the framework of the United Nations. Tt would be necessary, however, for the Soviet Union to abandon its policy designed to bring about the political unification of the world by force. History teaches us that a1l similar attempts in the past were doomed ta failure. 28. A world order can only be established by persuasion, by collective effort, by voluntary renunciation of some aspects of national sovereignty. The road to würld order lies in the widening of politica! freedom rather than in its suppression. Federation freely entered into constitutes the best approach to a world order, an arder based on law which will allow full play ta the creative powers of men. 1t is a long process comprising deceptions and setbacks; one which can only succeed through the goodwill and patience of all nations and their statesmen. ls the Soviet Union willing to renounce its policy of fostering social revolution in other countries and collaborate sincerely with other nations in the task of establishing that worlel order? This question is being asked anxiously the world over. 29. On assuming my duties as representative of Brazil, 1 am proud to carrY out l'llso, togèther with.the distinguished representative of Ecuador, the ideals common ta al! Latin American States, whose long traditions of international collaboration and important services to the cause of peace shal! be a constant source of inspiration ta me. 30. lt is especially gratifying to me to have the honour of occupying the seat that has heen left vacant by the representative of Cuba. l wish ta pay tribute to the remarkable qualities of Ambassadors Alvarez and

l am most grateful to you, Mr. President, for your kind words of weIcome. The Turkish delegation is taldng its seat as a member of the Security Council for the first time. The Turkish people and the Turkish Government are fully aware of the responsibility involved in the discharge of such a mission. We as a delegation are always mindful of this responsibility. My country considers it to be an expression of. great confidence in it ta be elected ta membership of the Security Council, particularly at this critical juncture in world affairs. In spite of the recent adversities it has experienced, we beli,eve that the Security Council can still be the most important organ of the United Nations. In our work as a member of this Council, we shaH strive toward that end. We shall do our utmost to safeguard and preserve the prestige and authority of the United Nations. This is bath our conviction and one of the basic elements of Turkey's foreign policy. Adoption of the agenda

As the representatives know, this meeting has been convened at the request of the representative of the United Kingdom in accordance with rule 2 of the mIes of procedure. It has been convened as a matter of urgency in accordance with rule 8 of the rules of procedure. For that reason the agenda was communicated to the members of the Security' Council simultaneouslywith the notice of the meeting. The representatives on the COlmcil now have before them the provisional agenda, contained in document SIAgenda 531/Rev.1, 'and the letter from the representative of the United Kingdom contained in document 8/1992. 33. In accordance with rule 9 of the rules of procedure, l call upon the Council ta approve or reject the provisional agenda. . 34. If there are no comments, l shaH regard the provisional agenda as adopted. Complaint of aggression. upon ,the :Qepu~1ic of , Korea (continued) 35. Sir Gladwyn JEBB' (United Kingdom): My reasons for asking the President ta. caB a meeting of -the'Security Council are set forth in my letter of 29 J anua.ry, which has been drculated as document 5/1992, 36. As the members of the Security Conneil no donbt recaI1, the Chinese intervention in Korea was discussed by us at a number of meetings during November, and a draft resolution submitted jointly by six members of the. Couneil was final1y put to the vote on 30 November 1950 [53Oth meeting]. Although the resolu- tion received nine affirmative votes, it was not adopted owing to the negative vote of the representative of the Soviet Union. It might therefore be argued that since that date the Council has not, in effect, been exercising its functions in respect of this question within the meaning of Article 12 of the Charter. Nevertheless, the discussion whieh has since taken place in the General Assembly has ranged over a considerable field, and my own delegation, at any rate, feels that if the General Assembly were to adopt a resolution containing recommendations to Members and dealing with the question of Chinese intervention, or with the broader question of the complaint of aggression against the Republie of Korea, both questions having now become indistinguishable in practice, objections might then be raised that this would be an infringement of Article 12 of the Charter. 37. It 'was in order to remove any technical doubts of this nature which might arise that 1 asked the President ta convene a meeting for the purely format purpose of getting the item entitled "Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea" taken off the agenda of the Security Couneil. 38. 1 would therefore propose that the Council adopt the following extremely simple drait resolution the text of which has been circutated in document 5/1995 and which reads: "Resolves to remove the item Complaint of aggression against the Republic of Korea' from the list of matters of which the Council is seized." 39. In submitting this draft resolution, l would again emphasize what l said in my letter of 29 January 1951, namely, that a decision ta remove this item from the Council's agenda would not - in the view of my delega- tion at any rate - invalidate in any way the actions which the Couneil has already taken on this question. Nor would it, of course, prevent the Counci1 from taking the matter up again at any moment in the future, if it should 50 desire, by a simple procedural vote.

The so-called item: "Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea" was included in the agenda illegalty. The civil war whieh broke out in Korea on 25 June 1950 between the North and South Koreans was a conflict inside the country between two parts of one and the same people -the Korean people. As we have already repeatedly stated, on the authorïty of the definition provided by .international law, the idea of aggression is inapplicable 41. As is weil known, aggression in Korea was committed by the United States on 27 June 1950 when, on the orders of President Truman, the armed forces of the United States invaded Korea and started a criminal war against the Korean people, a war which is still continuing. The resolution adopted yesterday by the First Committee 2 reveals the intention to continue that war of the United States in Korea for a further period, until such time as the Korean people finally asserts its independence and its right to independent existence. 41. 1950 leurs' forces Truman contre poursuit tée guerre poursuivre jusqu'au vement 42. Thus, the war now being waged in Korea is an aggressive action by the United States against the Korean people. It is in the real sense of the term aggression by one State - the United Stafes of America - against another country - Korea, for the United States invaded that country with its armed forces, started bombing it with its aircrait and bombs, destroyed a large number of towns, annihilated masses of the population, killed thousands upon thousands of the Korean people. That is the real aggression by the United States against the Korean people. The inclusion, under pressure on the part of the United States of an item in the agenda of the Security Councîl entitled "Complaint of aggression against the Republic of Korea" - meaning the American puppet régime headed by the American stooge, Syngman Rhee - was illegal and the title itself is a lie. Tt has already been adequately exposed and can no longer deceive anyone. 42. constitue Unis d'une par un ont à brables population donc contre jour Unis la me américain, illégale. supercherie plus 43. rer seil cédant Unis, l'absence de tiques adoptées qui touchant de a que tées celle té-légale rité. pour des Unis 43. Moreover, the delegation of the Soviet Union considers it necessary again to affirm the illegality of all decisions adopted on this matter by the Security Council under pressure by the United States. These decisions were adopted in the absence of two permanent members of the Security Council, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the People's Republic of China, and they were adopted in violation of the Char"er of the United Nations, which provides that when dec:')ions are adopted by the Security Council on matters of substance those decisions must be agreed to by all the permanent members of the Security Counci1. These decisions were adopted by the Security Council without the participation of the Soviet Union and China. Furthermore, they were adopted by six votes, the seventh vote counted being that cast by the representative of the Kuomintang, 'who' had no legalright to represent China in the Security Council. The purpose of these illegal decisions by the Security Council was to cover up the criminal American aggression in Korea beneath the flag of the United Nations. 44. The delegation of the Soviet Union also considers it necessary to point out the complete lack of justification for including in the agenda of the fifth session 44. part ne qj~iême 45. It should also be pointed out that this item was inc1uded in the agenda of the fifth session of the General Assembly also tmder pressure by the United States, and that its purpose was to conceal the aggression of the United States against the Korean people and the People's Republic of China. 46. For the above reasons and not for the reasons contained in Sir Gladwyn ]ebb's letter, the delegation of the Soviet Union will vote for the withdrawal from the agenda of the Security Council of the so-called item: "Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea". 47. l should like briefly ta reply ta the somewhat ul1usual statement made here by the representative of Brazil at the first meeting of the Security Council he has attended. 48. He took it upon himself to make a number of attacks against the Soviet Union, repeating the usual American slander and lies against the USSR. He deemec1 it fit to take advantage of his first speech in the Security Council to ensure that no doubt was left in anyone's mind as to his future position in the Security Council. While using bombastic and insincere phrases about collaboration and so forth, the Brazilian representative at the same time unloosed the usual calumny about revolution being propagated from outside. 49. In reply to the representative of Brazil it could be pointed out that revolution is not implanted from outside. The motive forces of revolution are inside every country where revolution takes place. As regards the fears of the Brazilian representative, he should glance at the situation of the working masses in Brazil, and he would then he convinced that there was no danger of revolution being imported into Brazil. The Împoverished, slave-like situation of the workers in Brazil is known to the whole world, and it would be difficult to find another place where the situation of the workers Îs worse than in Brazil. That i5 eloquently shown by figures and facts. That is where one should look for the solution of the riddle which is worrying the representative of Brazil so much - for the answer to his fears of a revolutionary movement. Neither the Soviet Union nor other countries have anything to do with it - they are not engaged in implaQting or exporting revo1ution. 50. Revolutions, as the representatives of the Soviet Union have repeatedly affirmed, are not implanted from outside; they are the work of peoples, of millions of people. Everyone is weil aware of this, the lying allegatÎons by the representative of Brazil about revolutian being implanted by the Soviet Union can mislead no one. It is surprising however, that, when speaking of collaboration in the Security Council and the peacefuI settlement of problems, the representative of Brazil thought himself entitled to make here lying, slanderous and vulgar statements about the Soviet Union. From

My delegation wishes to associate itself with the expressions of we1come which you, Mr. President, extended ta the representatives of Brazil, the Netherlands and Turkey at the beginning of this meeting. 52. The draft resolution which has been placed before the Council by the representative of the United Kingdom is technically correct, but l am not sure that the step contemplated in the draft resolution is necessary. In his letter to the President of the Security Council Sir Gladwyn ] ebb admits certain doubt on this very point. 53. Article 12 (1) of the Charter states: "While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present Charter, -the General Assembly shaH not make any recommendations with regard to that dispute or situat:ian unless the Security Couneil 50 requests." The fact is that the Security Council, since the month of Navember, has not been exercising the functions assigned to it under the Charter in regard to this item. 54. While my delegation will vote in favour of this draft resolution, l wish to put on record that it is our opinion that the step is unnecessary and that the present action of the Council should not be cited as a precedent binding the Security Council on aIl future occasions. 55. Finally, l noticed that the representative of the Soviet Union made certain remarks with regard ta my delegation and also with regard to Brazil and its representative. l consider those remarks to be unworthy of the attention of this Council. 56. Mr. MUNIZ (Brazil): The Soviet Union representative has indulged again in a distortion of truth. We are already accustomed ta his magic which transforn'ls regular Chinese armies into armies of volunteers, and which transforms the communist aggression in Korea into aggression by. the United States. His impudent allegation about the condition of the working c1ass of Brazil is only another travesty of truth. Everyone in this room knows that the working class in Brazil enj oys better conditions than the working c1ass of his own country and, besides, that the working class of Brazil enjoys political freedom, of whieh the Russian people are deprived.

As there are no other speakers on my list, l declare the discussion c10sed and, if there are no comments, we shaH proceed ta vote on the proposaI set forth in document 5/1995. . A. vote was taken by show of hands. In !avOltr: Brazil, China, Ecuador, France, India, Netherlands, Turkey, Union of Soviet Socialist Repub- Agaillst: None. Abstaining: None.

l am glad that we have reaehed unanimity at this meeting anyway. 59. Since there is no other matter to diseuss, the meeting is c1osed. The meeting rose at 1 p.m. FtNLAND - FINLANDE Akat..mlnen Kirjakauppa, katu, Helsinki. FRANCE Editions A. Pedon~ lJ. Paris V. GREECE - GRECE "Ele/theroudakls," LibrairIe nale, Place de la Constitution, GUATEMALA Goubaud & Cla. Uda. Sa n\lm. 28,2 do Plso, .Guatemala HAITI Max Bouchereau, lIb,a.!rle velle." Boite. postale l11-B, Prince. HONDURAS lIbrer!a Panamerlcana, Fuente, Tegucigalpa. ICELAND -ISLANDE Bokavenlun SIgfusar Eymundsonnar Austurst,eti 18, ReykJavik. INDIA -:'INDE Oxford Book & Sta~ionery House, New Delhi. INDONESIA-INDONESIE Jajasan Pembangunan, Gunung 84, Djakarta. IRAQ-IRAK Mackenzle's 800kshop, Booksellers ARGENTIN" - ARGENTINE Editorial Sudamerleana S.A., Calla Alslna 500, Buenos Aires. AUSTRAUA - AUSTRALIE H. A. Goddard (Pty.l, Ud., 255a George Street, Sydney, N.S.W. BELGlUM.:..... BELGIQUE Aganee et Message,'es de la Presse S.A., 14-22 rue du Persil, Bruxelles. W. H. Smith & Son 11-75 Bouleva'd Adolphe·Max, Bruxelles. BOUVIA - BOLIVIE Llbrerla Clenllfica y L1tel'o'ia, Avenlda 16 de JulIo 216, Casllia 972, La POZ BRAZlL - BRESlL Llvra'la Agir, Rua Mexico 9a'6, Cailla Postal 3291, Rio de Janeiro. CANADA - CANAOA The Rye"on Press, 299 Queen Stre:èt West, To,ento. • CEYLON - CEYLAN The Assoclated Néwspapers of Ceylon, L1d., Lake House, Colombo. CHILE- CHILI Llbrerta Ivens, Calle Moneda B22, Santiago. CHINA - CHINE The Commercial Press, ltd., 2n Honan Road, ShanghaI. COLOMBIA - COLOMBIE l.lbrorla Latina Ltda., ApartadoAEreo 40n, Bogota.. COSTA RICA - COSTA'RICA Sta~ienel'S, Baghdad. IRAN Ketab-Knaneh Danesh, Avenue, Teheran. IRELAND -IRLANDE Hlbernlan General Ageney Ltd., cial Buildings, Dame Stree~, ISRAEL Leo Blumsteln, P.O.B. 4154 35 Allenby Read, Tel·AvTv. ITALY -ITALIE Colibri S.A., Via Chlossetto LEBANON -LIBAN librairie universelle, Beyrouth. LIBERIA J. Momo lu Kamara, Gurley Streets, Monrovia. LUXEMBOURG Lib,airie J. Schummer, Place Luxembourg. MEXICO - MEXIQUE Editorial Hermes, S.A., cal ~1, Mexico, D. F. NETHERLANDS - PAYS·BAS N.V. Martlnus NUholf, Lange 9, 's-Gravenhage. NEW ZEALAND- NOUVELLE.ZELANDE United Nations Association land, G.P.O. 10n, Wellington. NICARAGUA Dr. Ramiro Ramlrez V., Publleacion.., Managua, r~:l~s Hermanos, Aportado 1313, San CUBA l.a Casa 6elga, René de Smedt, O'Rellly 455, La Hobana. CZECHOSLOVAKIA - ~ TCHECOSLDVAQUIE c!skoslovensky Spisovatel NoIrodnll1Ida 9, Praha 1. DEN MARK - DANEMARK Einar Munksgaard, N~,regade 6, I<~benhavn. DOMINICAN REPUBLlC- REPUBLIQUE DOMINICAINE Llbreda Dominlcana, Calle Mercedes No. 4~, Apattado 651>, Ciudad Trujillo. ECUADOR:- EQUATEUR Mufioz Hermanos y Cla., Plaza dei Teat,o, Quito. EGYPT - EGYPTE:· L1braTrle "La Renaissance d'Egypte," 9 SH. Adly ~asha, Calro. EL SALVADOR - SALVADOR Manuel Navas y Cla. "La Casa dellibro Barato" la Avenlda sur num. 37, San Salvador. ETHIOPIA - ETHIOPIE Agence Eth10pienne de Publicité, Box a, Add Is·Abeba. UnIted Nations publlcatlolls CI111 further be obtl1111ed Los Irom the followlng bookseller.: âtre (lERMANY - ALLEMAGNE AUSTRIA - AUTRICHE lIuchhandlung Elwert & Meurer, Haupt." B. WOlierstorlf, Waogplatz, strasse, 101, Berlln-Schoneberg. Salzburg. W. E. Saarbach, F,ankenst,asse, 14, lCliln-Junkersdorf. JAPAN - JAPON Alexander Horn, Splegelgasse, 9, Maruzen Co., Ud., 6 Tod·N Wiesbaden. Nlhonbashl, Tokyo Central. Orders and tnquirlos 'f,om countrles wllere sales 'genls Les have not yet been appointecl m.y be sent to: S.les .nd do Crrclliation Sedton, United Hotlons, New York. U.S.A.; peuvent or Sales Section, Unitod NatIons Office, Palais des la Nations, Geneva, Switzllrland. ou Nation., l'rillted in Canada Priee: 15 cents (or equivalent in other