S/PV.6450 Security Council

Members of the Council have before them documents S/2010/632, S/2010/633 and S/2010/636, which contain the texts of three draft resolutions respectively. I also wish to draw the members’ attention to the documents cited as sub-items of the agenda of this meeting. The Security Council will take action on those three draft resolutions prior to hearing statements. Accordingly, I shall first put to the vote the draft resolution contained in document S/2010/632 and co-sponsored by Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, France, Gabon, Japan, Lebanon, Nigeria, the Russian Federation, Turkey, Uganda, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America.

There were 15 votes in favour. The draft resolution has been adopted unanimously as resolution 1956 (2010). I shall now put to the vote the second draft resolution, contained in document S/2010/633 and co- sponsored by Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, France, Gabon, Japan, Lebanon, Nigeria, the Russian Federation, Turkey, Uganda, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America.

There were 15 votes in favour. The draft resolution has been adopted unanimously as resolution 1957 (2010). I shall now put to the vote the third draft resolution contained in document S/2010/636 and co- sponsored by Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, Gabon, Japan, Lebanon, Nigeria, the Russian Federation, Turkey, Uganda, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America. A vote was taken by a show of hands. In favour: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, China, Gabon, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, the Russian Federation, Turkey, Uganda, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America Abstaining: France

There were 14 votes in favour, none against and one abstention. The draft resolution has been adopted as resolution 1958 (2010). I have been authorized by the members of the Council to make the following statement on their behalf. “The Security Council reaffirms its commitment to the independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of Iraq and emphasizes the importance of the stability and security of Iraq for its people, the region and the international community. “The Security Council supports the inclusive political process and power-sharing agreement reached by Iraqi leaders to form a representative national partnership Government that reflects the will of the Iraqi people as displayed by the parliamentary elections of 7 March 2010. We encourage its leaders to continue to pursue a federal, democratic, pluralistic and unified Iraq based upon the rule of law and respect for human rights. “The Security Council reaffirms the need to combat all forms of terrorism and that no terrorist act can reverse the path towards peace, democracy and reconstruction in Iraq, which is supported by its people, the Government of Iraq and the international community. “The Security Council welcomes the positive developments in Iraq and recognizes that the situation now existing in Iraq is significantly different from that which existed at the time of the adoption of resolution 661 (1990). Consistent with resolution 1859 (2008), the Security Council also welcomes the important progress Iraq has made in regaining the international standing it held prior to the adoption of resolution 661 (1990). “In recognition of Iraq’s progress in supporting the international non-proliferation regime and complying with disarmament treaties and other relevant international instruments, its commitment to taking additional steps in this regard and its provisional application of the Additional Protocol to the Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), pending its ratification, the Security Council has adopted resolution 1957 (2010), which lifts the restrictions imposed by resolutions 687 (1991) and 707 (1991) relating to weapons of mass destruction and civilian nuclear activities. “In recognition of Iraq’s success in closing out the remaining contracts in the Oil-for-Food programme, the Council has also adopted resolution 1958 (2010) to terminate the residual activities of the Oil-for-Food programme. “In recognition of Iraq’s progress towards the establishment of effective and accountable successor arrangements for the transition of the Development Fund for Iraq, the Security Council has adopted resolution 1956 (2010), which terminates arrangements for the Development Fund for Iraq on 30 June 2011. “Welcoming the progress made by the Governments of Iraq and Kuwait towards the resolution of the outstanding issues between both countries, and encouraging further cooperation, the Security Council calls on Iraq to quickly fulfil its remaining obligations under the relevant Chapter VII Security Council resolutions pertaining to the situation between Iraq and Kuwait. “The Security Council welcomes Iraq’s reintegration into the region and encourages Iraq and all regional States to deepen and broaden their relationships and to conduct those relationships in a spirit of partnership and cooperation. “The Security Council reaffirms its full support for the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) in advising, supporting and assisting the Iraqi people and Government to strengthen democratic institutions, advance inclusive dialogue and national reconciliation, facilitate regional dialogue, aid vulnerable groups, strengthen gender equality, promote the protection of human rights, including through the establishment of the Independent High Commission for Human Rights, promote the protection of affected civilians, including children, women and members of religious and ethnic minority groups, and promote judicial and legal reform. “The Security Council commends UNAMI, headed by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, for its support throughout the electoral process, consistent with its mandate. The Security Council encourages UNAMI’s continued work, in coordination with the Government of Iraq, to provide protection and help create conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and, in particular, sustainable return of Iraqi refugees and internally displaced persons, and stresses the importance of further attention to this issue by all concerned. “The Security Council underscores UNAMI’s important role in supporting the Iraqi people and Government to promote dialogue, ease tension, and encourage a negotiated political agreement on the nation’s disputed internal boundaries, and calls upon all relevant parties to participate in an inclusive dialogue to that end.” This statement will be issued as a document of the Security Council under the symbol S/PRST/2010/27. With the Council’s permission, I will now make a statement in my national capacity. It is a genuinely rare opportunity to preside over this meeting of the United Nations Security Council, which is addressing the important issues relating to the Republic of Iraq. Let us briefly reflect on what has been a critically important period in Iraq’s history. In recent years, the Iraqi people have emerged from the depths of sectarian violence and have flatly rejected the grim future offered by extremists. They have earned themselves a chance for much better days ahead. Iraqi forces are now in charge of securing their country, and they have proved themselves more than capable of doing so, as I and many of those here have seen with our own eyes. Since our Administration came to office, we have withdrawn more than 100,000 American troops from Iraq and ended our combat mission there. We have transitioned from a military-led to a civilian-led engagement. The 50,000 troops who remain until the end of next year, under the security agreement with the Iraqi Government, have been given a new primary mission: advising and assisting their Iraqi counterparts. Meanwhile, the frequency of violent attacks in Iraq has reached its lowest level — thank the Lord — since 2003. As the Council knows, in March the Iraqi people conducted an historic election, and last month Iraq’s political leaders agreed on a framework for a Government that reflects the election’s results. That Government will include blocs representing every major community and will not exclude or marginalize anyone. It is made in Iraq, by Iraqis, and it reflects the remarkable development that in today’s Iraq, politics has emerged as the dominant means for settling differences and advancing the country’s interests. The Iraqi leaders must now honour, in a timely manner, the commitments to one another and to the Iraqi people that were made in the negotiating process. Going forward, the United States will continue to do its part to reinforce the progress being made in Iraq consistent with our Strategic Framework Agreement with the Iraqis, and to forge an enduring partnership across a range of sectors, including education, energy, trade, health, culture, information technology, law enforcement, the judiciary and security. We respectfully urge other nations to share their expertise as well with this new, emerging Iraq. I do not need to remind this gathering of the important role the United Nations played, and continues to play, in support of Iraq’s development, and the very, very heavy price it has paid. We will not forget the horror of 19 August 2003, when terrorists took the lives of 22 people, including, I think we would all agree, an outstanding, remarkable United Nations envoy, Sergio Vieira de Mello. It was a tragic harbinger of all that was to follow after August of 2003, but the important work of the United Nations continued, and continues to this day. It continues because of the foresight of that United Nations Special Representative, who rightly observed, and I quote him, “There is no longer such a thing as a distant crisis”, since “You can’t help people from a distance”. That wisdom, forged during a career spent in the hard-luck corners of the world, lives on in all of those who are bravely helping Iraq to build a better future, including the men and women of the United Nations Mission in Iraq (UNAMI). Over more than a dozen visits to Iraq since the war began — as their Foreign Minister can tell you, I jokingly kid that I deserve Iraqi citizenship, I have spent so much time there, and I have enjoyed every minute — I have seen first-hand, as I hope many here have, UNAMI’s efforts to strengthen democratic institutions, conduct elections, advance inclusive dialogue and national reconciliation, aid vulnerable communities, and promote the protection of human rights and the reform of the justice system. Quite frankly, I have watched the young men and women who are the Special Representative’s staff literally risk their lives. I have watched them, and I think sometimes those outside this vaulted chamber underestimate the incredible talent, the incredible dedication and the incredible devotion of the men and women we send into those regions. They deserve our gratitude and our special thanks — not just the special envoys like Mr. Vieira de Mello, but also Ad Melkert, who I worked with every single day I was in Iraq. I will say again, we would not have gotten to this point — and I think our colleague from Iraq would acknowledge this — were it not for their staff, whose work is often done under trying conditions. I might add that I think that work remains as important as it has ever been. To be sure, Iraq faces further challenges on the road to security and prosperity. Attacks by extremists remain an unacceptable aspect of daily life in the country. We are particularly concerned about recent attempts to target innocents because of their faith, including both Christians and Muslims, and to lash out at security forces working to keep the country safe. But I firmly believe that despite those challenges, Iraq’s best days are ahead. As a founding Member of the United Nations, Iraq seeks and deserves the opportunity to resume its rightful role in the community of nations. Towards that end, this meeting formally acknowledges the significant steps Iraq has taken towards fulfilling its obligations to the United Nations, incurred in the lead- up to the 1991 Gulf war. Accordingly, the Security Council has now lifted restrictions imposed by resolutions 687 (1991) and 707 (1991), relating to weapons of mass destruction and civilian nuclear activities, in recognition of Iraq’s commitment to non-proliferation, its compliance with relevant treaties and other international instruments, its adherence to the highest non-proliferation standards, and its provisional application of the additional protocols to its agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency, pending that agreement’s entry into force. The Council has also terminated the residual activities of the oil-for-food programme, because Iraq has successfully closed out the remaining contracts. The Council has ended the Development Fund for Iraq effective 30 June 2011, due to the steps the country has taken towards resolving debts and claims inherited from the previous regime and establishing accountable arrangements for transitioning the Fund. We all know that our work on those issues is not complete. We urge Iraq’s neighbours and the rest of the international community to continue to work closely with Iraq on its remaining Chapter VII obligations. We strongly support the resolution of outstanding issues between Iraq and Kuwait. Since President Obama asked me to oversee our Administration’s Iraq policy when we took office, let me assure the Council that the United States will continue to work with Iraqi leaders on the important tasks that lie ahead: conducting the census, integrating Kurdish forces into Iraqi security forces, keeping commitments to the Sons of Iraq, resolving disputed internal boundaries with regard to the future of Kirkuk, passing critical hydrocarbon legislation and a fiscally responsible budget, and helping stabilize the country’s economy. We must also continue our efforts to protect and support those displaced by war and help enable voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable returns. Today, as we take stock of all that the Iraqi people have endured and accomplished, and all that still must be done, we cannot lose sight of the fact that Iraq is on the cusp of something remarkable: a stable, self-reliant nation with just, representative and accountable Government — a positive force for peace and stability in the region. We all have an interest in redeeming that promise and preserving the gains that Iraq has made. I now resume my functions as President of the Security Council. I invite His Excellency the Secretary-General to take the floor.

I appreciate Vice- President Biden’s leadership and strong commitment on Iraq and on other matters of common concern, as demonstrated by the very strong statement he has just made and his own participation in this very important meeting of the Council. This meeting is a milestone for Iraq. Its people have known tremendous hardship. They continue to struggle with insecurity and appalling violence. They lack jobs and basic services. But today we recognize how far the country has come in key aspects of its journey to normalize its status in the community of nations. The Security Council has today decided to end several major Chapter VII mandates relating to Iraq, including on weapons of mass destruction and the oil- for-food programme. We all know the difficult history on weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. The decision to lift the country’s remaining obligations has brought this chapter to an end. Iraq has pledged to remain free of weapons of mass destruction. This commitment is enshrined in its Constitution. The country has also joined key international agreements, including the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Comprehensive Nuclear- Test-Ban Treaty. These steps bode well for security and development in Iraq and the wider region. The Security Council has also decided to end all residual activities under the oil-for-food programme. Here, too, the United Nations will do its part to bring closure to this long-running, complex and unprecedented initiative. I commend Iraq’s leaders for their recent agreements ending months of political deadlock. These efforts should help pave the way for a national partnership Government and for the first peaceful transition between elected Governments under full Iraqi sovereignty. I urge Iraq’s political blocs to honour their agreements and move swiftly to conclude the process. A new Government will face many challenges in providing stability and opportunity for all Iraqis. It will have to normalize Arab-Kurd relations in the disputed areas and ensure the protection of all minorities, including Christians. It will have to manage oil production and move forward with the return of refugees and internally displaced persons. The new Government will also need to improve Iraq’s relations with its neighbours and the region. In the same spirit, I encourage Iraq’s neighbours to open a new chapter in their relations with Iraq. The United Nations is prepared to do its part to support these efforts and promote peace in a region that has experienced three major wars in the past three decades. Indeed, the invasion of Kuwait by Saddam Hussein’s regime, two decades ago, and its legacy caused widespread suffering among the peoples of both countries, and in neighbouring States as well. Iraq bears the primary responsibility for fulfilling its Chapter VII obligations to Kuwait. I hope that, after today’s meeting and after the formation of a new Government in Baghdad, there will be new impetus for the two countries to work together in resolving their outstanding issues. I encourage Iraq to quickly reaffirm its commitment to resolution 833 (1993), with respect to its land and maritime boundary with Kuwait, and to fulfil all other outstanding obligations, including with regard to missing Kuwaiti persons and property, compensation and the maintenance of boundary markers. Progress on these fronts should enable the Council to take up the report I submitted pursuant to resolution 1859 (2008), and to consider further steps for the full normalization of Iraq’s international status. At every step of Iraq’s political transition, the United Nations has been Iraq’s partner. The United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) helped in the establishment of the Interim Government in 2004. UNAMI worked hard for the success of two parliamentary elections and a referendum on the Constitution in 2005, governorate council elections in 2009 and parliamentary elections earlier this year. I would like to thank you, Mr. President, for your strong support and words of encouragement for the staff of UNAMI, including Special Representative Ad Melkert. As highlighted in my latest report (S/2010/606) to the Council, the Mission will continue, in accordance with its mandate, to promote political dialogue, provide constitutional support, monitor human rights, deliver humanitarian assistance to Iraqi refugees and internally displaced persons, help build the capacity of Iraq’s electoral institutions and encourage a negotiated political agreement to disputed internal boundaries. The new Government and Parliament will no doubt shape those priorities further. The country’s development needs are considerable. It remains essential to restore the basic services that make daily life bearable. Access to education and health services is likewise critical for the country’s future. Iraq’s development vision should also encompass its mosques, churches and shrines, its archaeological artifacts, its magnificent history and its contemporary environment. The United Nations is eager to be part of this wide-ranging drive to normalization. The planned United States military drawdown will have major security implications for the United Nations presence. UNAMI is carrying out its work with greater operational autonomy and is receiving more assistance from the host country. But Iraq remains a challenging environment. The Mission will continue to need strong political and financial support from Member States. I deeply appreciate the contributions and sacrifices of United Nations staff and other foreign nationals who have helped Iraq through its troubled times. My message to the people of Iraq is this: You have suffered too much for too long. I pay tribute to your resilience. There will be more hurdles ahead, but you have the wisdom and the capacity to overcome them. You are now in the lead in your quest for a better life. The United Nations will continue to stand with you as an impartial partner. We are determined to fulfil that mandate and help you find, once and for all, the path of prosperity and peace.

I thank the Secretary-General for his statement. I now invite my friend His Excellency Mr. Hoshyar Zebari, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq, to take the floor.

I thank you, Sir, for convening this important and historic meeting. It is a great honour to be invited here today to brief the Council on the current situation and ongoing developments in Iraq. This timely meeting is a demonstration of the international community’s broad support for Iraq. At the forefront are the efforts of the Security Council, particularly in the areas of reconstruction and support for the political and constitutional processes. In this context, allow me to express my appreciation for the efforts of the Secretary-General, Mr. Ban Ki-moon; his Special Representative, Mr. Ad Melkert; the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) and the Iraq Office of the Secretariat for their contributions within the mandate of UNAMI and pursuant to relevant Security Council resolutions. Members of the Security Council are aware that a long period of time elapsed between the parliamentary elections on 7 March and the meeting of the Council of Representatives on 11 November. That parliamentary meeting came after an Iraqi initiative led by the President of the Kurdistan region, who brought together all political leaders to meet in Erbil and later in Baghdad to reach a political settlement in order to form the new Government of national unity and partnership. The initiative had immense regional and international support. It led to the resumption of the meeting of the Council of Representatives to elect its President, the Speaker of the Parliament, and to ask Mr. Nuri al-Maliki to form a new Government within the constitutional time frame. Political exchanges and discussions on the new Government will be completed imminently. The new Government will be a power- sharing, representative and inclusive Government that reflects the will of the Iraqi people, as displayed by the parliamentary elections of 7 March. Having myself participated in these discussions, I can report to the Council that the Government will be formed very soon. In the last few months of the political stalemate, we witnessed regional activities that impacted the process of Government formation. While we Iraqis welcome any positive contribution of assistance, the Iraqi people totally reject interference in their internal affairs by others. As a free, democratic and sovereign nation, we continue to work to strengthen relations with our regional neighbours and our brotherly Arab countries. To this end, we in Iraq have embraced the important challenge of hosting the upcoming Arab Summit in Baghdad in March 2011, over which Iraq will preside. Ensuring its success will be a clear signal of our progress and that Iraq has been embraced by its fellow Arab countries. Iraq has also demonstrated through its foreign policy that it remains committed to the basic principles of our constitution: non-interference in the internal affairs of other States, seeking to resolve conflicts through peaceful means, establishing relations on the basis of common interests and reciprocity, and respecting our international obligations. As regards our relations with the Security Council, Iraq has taken great strides towards meeting our international commitments. Our key focus has been to unburden Iraq from the heavy legacy of non-compliance with international law, break its isolation and regain its rightful place among the community of nations. Pursuant to our Constitution and proceeding from our commitment to international resolutions, and also in the context of the Secretary-General’s report contained in document S/2009/385 on the review of Security Council resolutions imposed under Chapter VII, we have accomplished major and significant progress towards meeting our obligations to the standards of disarmament and non-proliferation in record time. In this regard, I refer to my numerous letters to the President of the Security Council and the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency this year, in particular the most recent letter to the President of the Security Council dated 7 December 2010. My Government welcomes and deeply appreciates the Council’s collective decision and support in recognizing Iraq’s progress in supporting the international non-proliferation regime and complying with disarmament treaties and other relevant international instruments. My country is committed to taking additional steps in this regard. The lifting of the restrictions imposed by resolutions 687 (1991) and 707 (1991) relating to weapons of mass destruction and civilian nuclear activities is a sign that the new Iraq is significantly different from Saddam’s Iraq at the time of the adoption of resolution 661 (1990). We also worked very hard this year towards completely closing down the oil-for-food programme. My Government, with all relevant ministries and departments, worked with the Security Council and the financial Controller of the United Nations to conclude all remaining contracts. Here again, my Government appreciates the Council’s recognition of the success we have achieved in closing out the remaining contracts and terminating the residual activities of the oil-for- food programme. The programme was marred by a web of mismanagement and misappropriation, and its termination lifts another burden on Iraq’s recovery. In accordance with resolution 1905 (2009), my Government has achieved significant progress in 2010 towards developing arrangements to replace the Development Fund for Iraq and the International Advisory and Monitoring Board. This progress was reflected in the three reports presented to the Security Council in 2010. We have also made concrete progress in the settlement of sovereign debts and commercial claims, and concluded bilateral arrangements on other claims. My Government therefore appreciates the adoption by the Security Council of resolution 1956 (2010) extending the Development Fund for Iraq and the International Advisory and Monitoring Board for another six months. The request for that measure arose from the delay in Government formation and political instability, not as a result of a lack of resolve and determination. The adoption of these important resolutions marks the beginning of the end of the sanctions regime and restrictions on Iraq’s sovereignty, independence and recovery. Our people will rejoice at having turned a page on the aggressive, belligerent and defiant behaviour of the previous regime towards international law and legitimacy. Here, I wish to thank Vice President Biden in person for supporting Iraq’s liberation from these international sanctions and restrictions, the permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council, and the Secretary-General for standing by Iraq to get this far. Despite those positive achievements, Iraq still has some way to go to resolve all outstanding issues with our brotherly neighbour Kuwait. There has been positive cooperation and exchange between our Governments to resolve and settle all pending issues between our countries stemming from Saddam Hussein’s aggression and invasion of Kuwait in 1990. The remaining issues will be at the top of the new Government’s agenda, among items demanding serious political action. My country is committed to fulfilling its remaining obligations under relevant Chapter VII resolutions pertaining to the situation between Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq still faces tremendous challenges. We continue to confront terrorism and criminal elements bent on destabilizing our country. Despite remarkable progress in the fight for Iraq’s peace and security, there are still attempts to revive sectarian, ethnic and religious strife, such as the recent atrocities committed against Iraqi Christians. There is shared empathy and a consensus between the Government and the Iraqi people to provide security and a safe environment for Iraqi Christians, who have played an important role in the national heritage of Iraq, in the national Iraqi movement and in the building of our country. International support is critical to encouraging Iraqi Christians to remain in their homeland as an integral part of Iraqi society. The greatest challenge continues to be to build a State and State institutions on the basis of participation and inclusion, consolidating national reconciliation and deferring to an independent judiciary as the arbiter in implementing the principles of accountability and justice. Those principles were agreed upon and endorsed by all Iraqi political leaders and blocs in the Erbil meeting that took place on 8 November 2010. They are the foundation for the formation of the democratically elected Government and a federal, democratic and unified Iraq, with constitutional institutions and subject to the rule of law, where human rights are protected and all components of Iraqi society are fully respected. In the economic sector, the situation has greatly improved through a series of economic, financial and investment regulations issued by the Government. Those regulations have contributed to the increase in per capita income and improved purchasing power and the level of social welfare. Through the licensing rounds this year on oil and gas fields, we have brought qualified international expertise to that sector, which will improve Iraq’s ability to increase productivity and export capacity so as to enhance economic development. In that context, we look forward to the hydrocarbon law being ratified by the Council of Representatives as soon as possible. The Iraqi Government carried out an ambitious budget for 2010. On 4 April, the Government launched a five-year national development plan for the period 2010-2014, in order to develop the Iraqi economy, improve the quality of public services and create job opportunities. The federal fiscal budget for the 2011 was referred to the Council of Representatives on 1 December. The budget, whose ratification is pending, is designed to sustain the momentum of economic improvement in the country. We are aware that the issue of human rights in Iraq and the problem of internally displaced Iraqis and refugees in neighbouring and other countries are issues of concern to the international community. My Government continues to take proactive measures to seriously address those issues. In respect to internally displaced persons and refugees, the improvement in the security situation and the work of the Iraqi Government to provide an appropriate environment for their safe and dignified return have encouraged a significant number of displaced Iraqis to return voluntarily. We firmly believe that this is the solution, as Iraq needs the capacity of all its sons and daughters to contribute towards building the future of our country. In conclusion, Iraq is a country blessed with rich natural and human resources. However, we continue to need international cooperation and support to make progress towards a stable, peaceful and prosperous future. A democratic and sovereign Iraq that lives in peace and security with its people and its neighbours will be a positive factor in the stability and security of our region. It would also reflect positively on Iraq’s Arab and international relations as Iraq contributes as a responsible and rightful member of the international community.

I now invite His Excellency Mr. Gilbert Balibaseka Bukenya, Vice-President of Uganda, to take the floor.

I thank Vice President Biden for organizing and presiding over this high-level meeting. I also thank Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon for his briefing, as well as Foreign Minister of Iraq Hoshyar Zebari for his good statement. The resolutions (resolutions 1956 (2010), 1957 (2010) and 1958 (2010)) that the Security Council has adopted today mark an important milestone for the future of Iraq. Uganda is convinced that the future stability and prosperity of Iraq lie in its Government and people taking full charge of their destiny. These resolutions affirm Iraq’s readiness to take charge of its own affairs. Uganda welcomes the progress that Iraq has achieved in the political, security and economic spheres in spite of many challenges. That progress would not have been possible without the extraordinary courage and resilience of the Iraqi people, supported by its international partners. The United States has played a leading role in those efforts. We commend Iraq’s political leaders and people for overcoming their political differences and reaching an inclusive power-sharing agreement in November. It is important that the Prime Minister form a Government expeditiously. That will facilitate national cohesion and foster democratic governance, which are essential for a stable, secure and prosperous Iraq. The outcomes of today’s meeting are a clear testimony that Iraq’s international standing has been restored to the status it had prior to the adoption of resolution 661 (1990). Uganda salutes Iraq for the progress made in putting in place successor arrangements for the Development Fund for Iraq and the International Advisory and Monitoring Board, which are expected to take effect by 31 December. It is important that the Government work steadfastly to resolve all outstanding issues during this last extension period. With regard to weapons of mass destruction, Uganda welcomes the progress made by Iraq in complying with non-proliferation and disarmament commitments. We encourage Iraq to ratify the additional protocol to its Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. We commend the Government of Iraq for its commitment to finalizing arrangements to provide appropriate funding for indemnification under the oil- for-food programme. There are still challenges that Iraq will need to address, with the support of the international community, in order to consolidate the gains made so far. They include dealing with the threats posed by insecurity and terrorist attacks, ensuring the safe return of refugees and the resettlement of internally displaced persons and resolving disputed internal boundaries. It is essential for Iraqi leaders to work together in addressing the remaining challenges to ensure political stability, peace and development. We welcome the improved bilateral and regional relations because we are convinced that the stability of Iraq is linked to regional stability. We therefore encourage Iraq to strengthen cooperation with neighbouring countries based on a mutual desire to respond to security concerns and bolster economic cooperation. The action taken by the Council today highlights the progress that the Iraqi Government and people are making in taking responsibility for the stability and development of their country. Iraq will continue to require international support. We therefore call upon development partners and the international community to align their support with Iraq’s priorities and programmes, particularly in building the capacities of its national institutions. In conclusion, Uganda commends the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and the staff of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq for their important work. We thank the delegation of the United States for spearheading the drafting of the resolutions and the presidential statement (S/PRST/2010/27) that we have just adopted.

I now invite His Excellency Mr. Ahmet Davutoğlu, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Turkey, to take the floor.

Before I start, let me take a moment to say a couple of words in remembrance of Ambassador Richard Holbrooke. Dick was a man of peace. He will be remembered for never taking no for an answer in times of crisis and for delivering peaceful solutions when all efforts seemed to have failed. We mourn the loss of a consummate peacemaker, a real Statesman and a true friend. May his soul rest in peace. I would like to thank the United States for convening this timely meeting, as well as Vice- President Biden, the Secretary-General and Foreign Minister Zebari for their important remarks. We meet today in a time of global transformation. History teaches us that periods of profound change are almost always difficult and rarely tidy. The current one is no exception. There are strong undercurrents of change, and a new dynamism can be felt, in international affairs. As the prevailing realities of this new era slowly but surely emerge, the need to promote and bring about the restoration of regional and international order becomes ever more evident. During its tenure on the Security Council, while dealing with the many issues on the Council’s agenda, Turkey’s efforts have also been aimed at addressing that overarching imperative. Today, the urgency to restore order is valid for our region, as it is in the case of Iraq. After decades of turmoil, strife and suffering, Iraq today is at a critical moment. The prospects are bright and the challenges are many. By seizing the opportunity and making the right choices, Iraqi leaders now have it within their grasp to make a clean break from the infighting of the past and to shape a prosperous future together. Following much turbulence, today we are very happy to see that Iraqis from all segments of society are once again coming together and working with each other through peaceful and democratic means to take charge of their common destiny and collectively chart a future devoid of oppression, fear or want. That is the future for Iraq and for our region. In moving forward, fundamental political concepts, such as inclusiveness, national reconciliation and partnership, will continue to be crucial building blocks to ensure a political framework within which democracy, human rights and the rule of law irreversibly take root. On the other hand, gradually altering both the perception and the language of politics in Iraq, from those based on ethnicity and religion to ones defined by political parties and blocs, is also vital. Such a major change will not only help to do away with entrenched divisive rhetoric but also to realign the political discourse along more democratic lines. The legislative elections of 7 March were a historic milestone for democratization and stabilization efforts in Iraq. Despite the risk of terror attacks, the Iraqi people participated in the elections with a high turnout. The determination of the Iraqi people in assuming ownership of their country through the expression of their democratic will was commendable. We believe that the election results clearly represented the sovereign will of the Iraqi people and their hope for a unified, strong and democratic Iraq. Here, I should pause and applaud the role of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) in supporting the conduct of free and fair elections. I take this opportunity to reiterate our full support for the Secretary-General, the United Nations and UNAMI, and in particular Special Representative Melkert. I commend them for their courage and excellent work. The results of the elections also demonstrate the voters’ desire for a democratic process in Iraq. In order to make political progress irreversible in that country, it is crucial that the manifest desire for a broad-based Government is heeded by all Iraqi leaders. Turkey welcomes the development that Iraqi political groups reached an accord on furthering the political process. We sincerely regret that Iraq had to go through an eight-month political impasse, which delayed the implementation of long-needed economic and comprehensive reconstruction programmes that should aim to mitigate the daily problems of the Iraqi people. It is now crucial to complete the political process with the establishment of a representative, democratic and effective national partnership Government, based on the power-sharing arrangements, with full adherence to the political agreement that the Iraqi political groups reached. We hope that such a Government can soon be formed. During that delicate process, I visited Erbil and Baghdad on 7 November. We, along with all the Iraqi leaders, worked very hard in encouraging all political leaders to reconcile their differences and agree on a deal that would expedite the political process. We welcomed the convening of the Iraqi Parliament four days after my visit and following the national reconciliation meetings in Erbil. Turkey’s stance vis-à-vis the Iraqi political process has always been very clear. Turkey believes that all segments of Iraqi society should participate in the political process and in an inclusive political dialogue to pursue a concerted effort to find fair, just and consensus solutions to the challenges that Iraq faces in the political, security, economic and social fields and to achieve national reconciliation. There are important challenges awaiting the next Government in Iraq, such as the census, disputed internal boundaries, hydrocarbon and revenue-sharing laws, constitutional amendments, et cetera. Those challenges cut across all segments of Iraqi society regardless of their ethnic, sectarian or religious affiliations. The peaceful resolution of such issues therefore requires national consensus. Securing consensus on all those issues will probably not be easy. However, such solutions will have a greater chance of implementation once they are achieved. Turkey stands committed to working with the new Iraqi Government to help in any way that it can to address the challenges awaiting the Iraqi people. We are also pleased to observe that violence has decreased significantly in recent months. Iraq’s national security forces are assuming control over the country’s overall security. Efforts to rebuild the security forces should be bolstered. The international community should continue to support Iraq in increasing the competency of its people in uniform. We continue to train, advise and mentor members of the Iraqi security forces. After two major wars and years of instability, Iraq has come a long way in rejoining the family of nations as a fully sovereign and responsible partner. The achievements to date are both impressive and encouraging. It is therefore now high time for Iraq to return fully to the fold. In that context, we wholeheartedly welcome the resolutions adopted here today (resolutions 1956 (2010), 1957 (2010) and 1958 (2010)). By virtue of those important resolutions, Iraq is taking major strides forward in becoming a nation that is no longer bound under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. To be sure, there are still some tasks to be fulfilled. In particular, issues such as the border demarcation, compensation, missing persons and archives pertaining to Saddam’s invasion of Kuwait still need to be addressed by Iraq. We are confident that Iraq will be more than up to the challenge. Turkey, for its part, is happy to be able to cast its vote to recognize the achievements of Iraq and lift the limitations that have been in place for too long. This is a major accomplishment for Iraq, and we commend the Iraqi Government for the hard work it has done so far. In moving forward, we are confident that the new Iraqi Government will continue to take the necessary actions with a view to cementing stability within its borders and working together with regional and international partners to further enhance security on a large scale. By virtue of this meeting, the decisions we have taken, the presidential statement we adopted and our national statements, we are essentially closing a sad but temporary chapter in Iraq’s history and ushering in a fresh, new era that is full of hope and promise. In a sense, we are witnessing Iraq’s rightful return to its former status as a full-fledged sovereign member of the family of nations. This is a welcome development that must be applauded. Turkey, as the only neighbour of Iraq at this table, has strong and deep-rooted bonds with Iraq. Our destinies have always been intertwined and they will forever continue to be. To be sure, there are still many challenges ahead for Iraq and for our region, which has already seen enough war and strife. But Iraq will not be alone to meet them. Iraq’s independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity are vital for the stability and security of our region and the international community. Therefore, we are glad to observe Iraq’s great strides in becoming a secure, stable, prosperous and democratic country. Turkey will continue to support Iraq through thick and thin. The alternative is not only inconceivable, it is also realistically not possible.

I now invite His Excellency Mr. Sven Alkalaj, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to take the floor.

Thank you, Mr. President, for organizing and presiding over this very important high-level meeting dedicated to the future of Iraq and the Iraqi people. Let me express also my thanks to the Secretary-General for his valuable report (S/2010/606) and his briefing on the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), as well as to the Foreign Minister of Iraq, Minister Zebari, for his statement. Speaking on today’s topic — Iraq — as an example of positive achievement in bringing peace and stability, allow me to commend the role of the United Nations, the United States and the wider international community in bringing peace and stability to my country, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 1995. Today Bosnia and Herzegovina is a non-permanent member of the Security Council, and our remembering today the early demise of Ambassador Richard Holbrooke — the architect of the Dayton-Paris Peace accords — is a part of Ambassador Holbrooke’s legacy. Bosnia and Herzegovina is pleased to acknowledge the significant improvement of the overall situation in Iraq. Iraqi institutions have been strengthened despite all the difficulties and challenges on the ground. The recent transfer of ownership of the security sector to the Iraqi forces is a very important achievement for the further enhancement of Iraq’s sovereignty and stability. However, we remain deeply concerned about the security situation in Iraq and strongly condemn the recent coordinated deadly attacks targeting different religious communities. We want to emphasize that only by providing security to every Iraqi citizen can one guarantee the security of specific communities. Therefore, Bosnia and Herzegovina urges all actors in Iraq, national and international, to redouble their efforts in the protection of civilians and to bring the perpetrators of those horrible crimes to justice. This year, with the assistance of the international community, Iraq organized successful elections, and we are pleased to learn that Iraqi political leaders are very close to forming their Government, which will provide new and encouraging momentum. Genuine progress in that regard will help put the country on the path towards democracy, national reconciliation and long-term stability, as well as towards the improvement of the security situation. We would also like to take this opportunity to commend the Iraqi people for its strength, its courage and its firm determination to build a democratic and unified country despite the immense suffering and huge losses they have experienced over these past two decades. Iraq has accomplished significant progress in resolving outstanding Chapter VII issues by fulfilling obligations mandated by the Security Council’s resolutions. To that end, Bosnia and Herzegovina supports the lifting of some of the restrictions imposed by the Security Council, which will permit Iraq to restore the international standing it held before resolution 661 (1990). We base our support on the following achievements. First, Iraq has fulfilled all its obligations in compliance with the international non-proliferation and disarmament regimes. It has also signed the Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, acceded to the Chemical Weapons Convention and joined the Executive Council of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and has signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Furthermore, despite the current political vacuum due to the process of Government formation, Iraq voluntary accepted to apply the additional protocol to the comprehensive safeguards agreement pending its ratification. We strongly believe that the council of representatives will set a high priority on its ratification. We welcome the adoption of resolution 1957 (2010), removing outstanding restrictions relating to disarmament imposed on Iraq in resolutions 687 (1991) and 707 (1991). Second, we commend the efforts and the strong commitment of the Iraqi Government in regard to closing remaining contracts in the oil-for-food programme. The Iraqi Government has achieved great progress in that regard, and we support resolution 1958 (2010), terminating the residual activities of the oil- for-food programme. This includes the transfer of all remaining funds from the Iraqi account created pursuant to resolution 1483 (2003) to the Development Fund for Iraq (DFI), with the exception of the funds to be used by the United Nations for residual activities of the programme and for the provision of indemnification to the United Nations. Third, we welcome the progress towards the establishment of successor arrangements for the transition of the DFI. We also reiterate our support for the extension of the DFI and the related legal immunities. We therefore consider that the requirement established in paragraph 21 of resolution 1483 (2003) should continue to apply. We will support decisions that will help to ensure that oil revenue will continue to be used transparently in an accountable manner, and in the interest and for the benefit of the Iraqi people. Furthermore, those positive developments represent an encouraging environment for further cooperation between Iraq and Kuwait. Bosnia and Herzegovina expects that Iraq’s fulfilment of its outstanding obligations — mandated by the Security Council resolutions related to the issues of missing Kuwaiti citizens and third-country nationals, Kuwaiti archives and Iraq’s land and maritime boundaries — will be priorities for both countries in the coming period. In that connection, we strongly welcome regional dialogue and the development of relationships between Iraq and States in the region based on partnership and cooperation. Finally, Bosnia and Herzegovina is very sensitive to the issue of refugees and internally displaced persons and would like to reiterate the importance of resolving that issue. We call upon UNAMI to redouble its efforts, in coordination with the Iraqi Government, to help create conditions conducive to safe, dignified and, in particular, sustainable refugee returns. The continued strengthening of democratic institutions, national reconciliation, the protection of human rights and the creation of new job opportunities will certainly help the process of returns, but they will also reinforce Iraqi institutions and the whole of Iraqi society. UNAMI has an essential role in advising, supporting and assisting the Iraqi people and the Government to achieve that goal. In conclusion, I would like to underscore that Bosnia and Herzegovina strongly supports the work of UNAMI and highly commends the dedication of UNAMI staff to bringing stability and prosperity to the Iraqi people.

I now invite His Excellency Mr. Paul Toungui, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Gabon, to take the floor.

First of all, I would like to congratulate the United States of America for its initiative in organizing this debate on the situation in Iraq. Your presence among us, Mr. Vice-President, is proof of the importance that the American authorities attach to the future of Iraq at a time when that country is involved in a process of national reconciliation and transfer of responsibilities in the security and economic fields. I also welcome the presence of the Secretary- General among us here today and thank him for his informative briefing. I would also like to congratulate the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq, Mr. Hoshyar Zebari, for his valuable statement. The situation in Iraq has been marked in recent years by notable progress, with which my country is pleased, especially regarding the strengthening of the political and institutional process, the definitive transfer of responsibilities in the economic and security fields, and cooperation with other States in the region. Regarding the first point, I would like to welcome the efforts deployed by the Government and people of Iraq to promote the political and institutional reconstruction of their country, despite the recurrent violence that has affected it in recent years. Those efforts have been particularly perceptible in the field of democracy and national reconciliation. Regarding the evolution of democracy in Iraq, we are pleased to see that the recent elections were marked by a significant turnout of Iraqis, especially women, who have shown by their massive involvement their firm will to contribute to the future of Iraq. Regarding national reconciliation, my country welcomes the agreement completed by the political parties on power-sharing, which has led to consensus on Mr. Nuri al-Maliki continuing as Prime Minister. We are convinced that current consultations will soon lead to the formation of a new Government. The legitimate ambition expressed by the Iraqi authorities to see their country once again play a role within the community of nations will only be effective if Iraq assumes its full responsibilities as a sovereign State. It is in that perspective that we welcomed the decision to draw down United States troops from Iraq on 31 August 2010. This decision has allowed for the transfer of responsibility for security in Iraq to the Iraqi armed forces. With regard to Iraq’s finances, my country is pleased to see the Council’s adoption today of a resolution that extends the mandate of the United Nations with regard to the Development Fund for Iraq. We hope that that specific arrangement will enable Iraq to take responsibility for the management of those funds on the basis of the plan of action that it presented to the Council last April. Concerning the termination of the oil-for-food programme, my country encourages the Iraqi Government to fulfil its commitments with regard to settling the letters of credit. The future of a stable and prosperous Iraq also means strengthening its cooperation with countries in the region. We therefore support the efforts of the Iraqi Government to normalize its relations with its neighbours, including Kuwait. I could not conclude without paying homage to the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq for the central role it has played in the country. The gains achieved in the evolution of the situation of Iraq should be maintained. My country exhorts the international community to continue its efforts at solidarity with regard to the Government and the people of Iraq. Accordingly, I am pleased that the newly adopted Presidential Statement (PRST/2010/27) takes those serious concerns into account.

I now invite Her Excellency Ms. Vera Machado, the Vice-Minister of Political Affairs of the Ministry of External Relations of Brazil, to take the floor.

Mr. President, I thank you for your statement and Secretary-General Ban Ki- moon and the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Iraq, Mr. Hoshyar Zebari, for their statements. I would also like to commend the United States for its initiative in convening this meeting during its presidency, allowing Council members to take stock and update their assessment of the situation in Iraq. We are also grateful for the invitation extended to Brazilian Vice-President Alencar, who was not able to attend. In recent years, Iraq has made progress towards strengthening democracy and the rule of law and improving security and public order. We commend the Iraqi Government for successfully holding elections last March, and we welcome the agreement last month to form a national partnership Government. It is our hope that all political leaders will be able to ensure a broad-based Government of national unity. We recognize the important role that the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) has had in that process, and we expect that it will continue to assist the Government of Iraq, as is foreseen in the Mission’s mandate. Those achievements will help address the continued fragility of the security situation in Iraq and counter recurrent attempts to destabilize that multi- ethnic and religiously diverse country. Brazil strongly condemns all forms of violence, including terrorism. Terrorism must be combated in all its forms. However, terrorism cannot be fought at the expense of the respect for human rights. We must recognize the courage and resilience with which the Iraqi people have faced so much suffering since 2003. Brazil deplores all human rights abuses and the thousands of civilian deaths in Iraq. Nevertheless, we believe in the capacity of Iraqis to enable their country to emerge as a stable, peaceful and prosperous nation. I join other members of this Council in recognizing the importance of Iraq achieving an international status equal to that which it held prior to the adoption of resolution 661 (1990). That view is consistent with the progress made so far by the country in several areas, especially in security and governmental institutions. It is also consistent with Brazil’s long-standing position that the future of Iraq should be determined by the Iraqis themselves. We have always affirmed the need to fully respect the independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of Iraq. Brazil profoundly deplored the 2003 military action, in particular the fact that it took place without the express authorization of this Council. After the intervention took place, the Brazilian Government made clear its view that the Iraqi people should take full control of their own affairs at the earliest possible date. The painful experience of the war in Iraq should lead the international community to reflect on the importance of upholding the United Nations Charter when military action and the resort to Chapter VII measures are being contemplated. The time is ripe for bringing a formal end to Chapter VII measures, such as the oil-for-food programme and the restrictions on civilian nuclear activities, thus paving the way for the normalization of Iraq’s relations with the United Nations and its full reintegration in the family of nations. Concerning the issue of disarmament, we welcome Iraq’s accession to relevant multilateral treaties, in particular the Chemical Weapons Convention, as well as its decision to seek parliamentary approval for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. The normalization of Iraq’s relations with all its neighbours, in particular Kuwait, is essential. Security in Iraq is one of the pillars of stability in the Middle East. Once security is sufficiently improved, we must also ensure a safe return for Iraqi refugees. According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, over 4.7 million Iraqis have been displaced since March 2003. We welcome the appointment earlier this year of the first Iraqi Ambassador to Kuwait since 1990 and other promising bilateral initiatives. More needs to be done regarding the repatriation and return of all Kuwaiti missing persons or their remains. There are also issues not fully resolved with respect to the demarcation of the Kuwaiti border, along with other matters relating to property and compensation. We note the commitment previously expressed by the Iraqi Government in that regard and expect the new Government to act accordingly. The international community must continue to support Iraq at this crucial moment for its independence, sovereignty and stability. Brazil will soon be the first Latin American country to reopen its embassy in Baghdad, and we look forward to strengthening our cooperation with Iraq, which testifies to our continued commitment to the stability of the region and to the progress of the country. Brazil reiterates its confidence in the Iraqi people and Government and their capacity to build a prosperous, peaceful and democratic country. The United Nations can continue to contribute in facilitating dialogue, defusing tensions and bridging differences among Iraqi political forces. We reiterate our full support to UNAMI and Special Representative Ad Melkert. The Mission, however, will only be able to play the role expected by the Council if it has the adequate means and resources at its disposal, including for its own safety and security. A special account for UNAMI should be considered. Iraq has come a long way towards stability and prosperity. It must regain its rightful place in the international community. A stable and united Iraq is in the long-term interest of peace and security in the region and beyond. Sustaining Iraq’s stability can only be achieved through its social and economic development. We must all learn the lessons of history and continue to cooperate with Iraq to ensure that such common goals are achieved. I cannot conclude my statement without thanking you, Mr. President, for recalling the extraordinary character of my countryman Sergio Vieira de Mello and his contributions to world peace.

I now invite His Excellency Mr. Johannes Kyrle, Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs of Austria, to take the floor.

Let me, at the outset, convey to you, Mr. President, our deep condolences upon the passing of Ambassador Richard Holbrooke. We will remember him in particular for his contributions to stability in Southeastern Europe and, more recently, to peace, security and reconciliation in Afghanistan. We would also like to thank the United States for convening this debate at a crucial moment in Iraq’s democratic process. I would also like to convey to the Secretary-General Austria’s deep appreciation for the outstanding commitment of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI). Today also marks a milestone in Iraq’s return to its rightful status in the international community. As a member of the Security Council in 1991, Austria voted for a number of the measures that we have brought to a close today. Austria supports this step in recognition of the progress achieved by Iraq and in support of reconstruction and economic development for the benefit of its people. Last but not least, we do so as strong encouragement to the incoming Government to fulfil outstanding Chapter VII obligations. In 1991, Austria supported resolutions 687 (1991) and 707 (1991) on the premise that actions requested from Iraq represented first steps towards the goal of establishing a zone free from weapons of mass destruction and missiles for their delivery in the Middle East. Today this goal remains as important as ever. In the light of Iraq’s commitment to non- proliferation and disarmament, we hope that the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty will be ratified soon and that the welcome provisional application of the additional protocol to the International Atomic Energy Agency Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement will be followed by its ratification at the earliest possible moment. We also expect the destruction of chemical weapons to continue at a determined pace. As we approach the twentieth anniversary of the liberation of Kuwait, we look to Iraq for fresh resolve to forge a new partnership with Kuwait built on mutual trust. As border security is paramount to confidence between neighbours, any shadow of a doubt with regard to acceptance of the finality and inviolability of common borders should be avoided. We therefore encourage Iraq to reaffirm its commitment to resolution 833 (1993) with respect to its land and maritime boundaries. Efforts should also be reinforced to clarify the fate of missing persons, as well as to settle the issue of the restitution of Kuwait’s national archives. Much has been said today on the fundamental changes we have witnessed in Iraq, a country whose pluralistic traditions and proud history as a cradle of civilizations we admire as much as we ardently support its secure and prosperous future. At the same time, pressing challenges remain, which require determined stewardship. As European Union Foreign Ministers underlined on 22 November, there is an urgent need for the formation of a stable and representative Government that is able to rededicate itself to the pursuit of national reconciliation. Such a Government will be vital to responding to the aspirations of all Iraqis — regardless of creed or ethnicity — and to respecting, protecting and promoting their human rights. We hope to see renewed resolve by the new federal Government and the leadership of the Iraqi Kurdistan region to come to a compromise on their respective boundaries and competences, as well as on the distribution of revenues, including from hydrocarbon resources. Austria encourages the continuation of UNAMI’s efforts to build trust between Arab and Kurdish communities in the north, in particular by facilitating dialogue on the safeguarding of language rights, the rights of detainees and the resolution of property disputes. Austria condemns all indiscriminate attacks on civilians and reiterates its deep concern about recent attacks on religious minorities, including Christian and Muslim places of worship. We urge the Iraqi Government to bring the perpetrators to justice and ensure that all Iraqis are adequately protected and able to practice their faith in peace and dignity. Austria is also concerned about the reported incidents of harassment and intimidation against internally displaced persons in Kirkuk, including threats of forced eviction. During our term on the Security Council, we have witnessed a marked decrease in the level of violence. We have also seen Iraqi security forces progressively assuming their responsibilities and the steady anchoring of democratic processes. Those gains have been hard-won and often challenged by unspeakable violence against innocent civilians. Austria will continue to support the Iraqi people in building a secure, stable, democratic, unified and prosperous country beyond our term on the Council. We look forward to working with the new Iraqi Government towards this goal, both bilaterally and in the framework of the European Union. Finally, I wish to assure the Secretary-General of Austria’s continued support for the important work of Special Representative Ad Melkert and his entire team. Let me also assure him that their safety and security — as that of all United Nations personnel — remains of the utmost concern to us.

I now invite His Excellency The Right Honourable Alistair Burt, Parliamentary Under- Secretary of State for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, to take the floor.

May I, too, begin by remembering Richard Holbrooke. The House of Commons foreign affairs session yesterday was led by Foreign Secretary William Hague, who offered a warm and heartfelt tribute to Ambassador Holbrooke for those who had worked so closely with him. His lifetime of effort on behalf of humankind is honoured and respected in Westminster and will not be forgotten. It is an honour to be here and to address the Security Council today. I am grateful to Vice-President Biden for chairing this meeting, and for his continuing determination to support Iraq. The United Kingdom also commends the sustained efforts and support shown by the Secretary-General, the Special Representative for Iraq and the High-Level Coordinator for Kuwait and their teams. This is, as has been said, a momentous day for Iraq and all Iraqis. As we speak, Iraq’s leaders are working hard to complete the formation of a new Government. This will shape Iraq’s future. They will face many challenges once they take up office. But these challenges should be viewed by Iraq’s elected leaders as an opportunity, after decades of turmoil, to chart the right path for Iraq domestically, in the region and internationally. They should be confident that the international community will continue to support efforts to institutionalize the rule of law and to achieve a successful and peaceful transition to a democratic, inclusive and prosperous State that meets the needs of all Iraqis. I was in Iraq earlier this month and saw for myself the visible steps Iraq has taken towards stability, security and prosperity. The successful elections in March confirmed the political progress that Iraq had made over the past seven years, and highlighted the powerful desire of the Iraqi people for a Government that is accountable, inclusive and representative. As you are aware, Mr. President, since March progress in forming the new Government has been difficult. But we are pleased that the end of this process is in sight. We commend our colleagues there for sticking to their task, continuing to talk and working to reduce ongoing difficulties. We urge Iraq’s leaders to sustain the efforts they have made to ensure that all Iraqis will have a stake in how their country is run. The new Government will continue to face the serious challenges of economic reconstruction, energy policy, the normalization and regularization of security, and establishing the place of Iraq in the region. National reconciliation and building a common purpose among Iraq’s political groupings will be an essential part of that, and I urge all of Iraq’s leaders to come together in a spirit of national solidarity to repair the bonds between communities that have been so severely strained. Clearly, the United Nations will continue to play an important role in bringing that about, and Britain stands in full support of that work. But we must also look at the other internal challenges that the new Iraqi Government will face and will need to prioritize. Although the long delay in Government formation has put those efforts on hold, I praise the United Nations for facilitating Arab-Kurdish dialogue aimed at discussing revenue sharing, a new hydrocarbons law and disputed internal boundaries and areas. I urge, with some confidence, the new Government of Iraq to address those internal challenges, as a matter of priority and with United Nations support where appropriate. As I saw at first hand during my recent visit, security in Iraq continues to improve but we are concerned by the continuing activities of those terrorist groups who target and threaten innocent civilians, including vulnerable minorities. The new Iraqi Government has a responsibility to uphold the values of justice, equality and tolerance in all cases of violence against minorities or abuse of human rights. We welcome Prime Minister Al-Maliki’s call to Iraq’s armed and security forces to secure mosques, churches and other places of worship. All of Iraq’s vulnerable minorities have the right to live, work and worship in peace and security. We also welcome the investigations by Iraqi authorities, including a committee in parliament, into recent attacks, particularly those on Iraqi Christians, who are a uniquely vulnerable group. So there have been, and will continue to be, security challenges, but I believe that progress in the overall security situation in Iraq is clearly positive. Each of Iraq’s neighbours also has a vital role to play in ensuring that Iraq is a stable and prosperous country. Support for the new Government of Iraq from its neighbours will bring mutual benefits, as Iraq becomes a key partner with friends in the region. Iraq has much to offer commercially and can be an important political ally, as long as it continues to act as a responsible neighbour. In that vein, we welcome the normalization of the relationship between Syria and Iraq earlier this year. As I said at the outset, today is a momentous day for Iraq and all Iraqis. We are gathered here primarily to recognize how different the Iraq of today is from the one of 1990. We are all keenly aware that Iraq has a long history with the United Nations and the Security Council. Happily, today we see the progress that can be made through hard work, determination and negotiation, to fulfil the longstanding obligations of the resolutions adopted by the Council. With that in mind, however, the international community will now expect to see concrete progress in Iraq over the coming year, and to see the Iraqis normalize their relations with Kuwait, including by taking steps to resolve outstanding bilateral issues, especially those relating to the land and maritime border. That will not only allow the two countries concerned to reap huge benefits, but will also bring about greater stability for the entire region. I conclude by offering our congratulations to the Government of Iraq and my friend, His Excellency the Foreign Minister, as well as all Iraqis, on their courage and commitment to define a new future based on peace, stability and cooperation. We welcome Iraq’s return to the international fold. Today, we know that Iraq is taking significant steps in the right direction in the face of many considerable challenges. We urge all of the main political blocs in Iraq to work together to provide stability for the Iraqi people. At the beginning of your remarks, Sir, you referred to a positive future for the people of Iraq, which they richly deserve. We agree. The United Kingdom has a historic and enduring relationship with the people of Iraq, and we remain a steadfast partner and friend, ready to help build a brighter future for Iraq as a respected member of the international community.

I now invite His Excellency Mr. Hisashi Tokunaga, the Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan, to take the floor.

Allow me at the outset to join others in expressing our tribute to Ambassador Holbrooke. He was the Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs in the late 1970s and had many friends in Japan. He was very highly regarded. At the outset, I would like to pay tribute to the Honourable Joseph Biden, Vice-President of the United States of America, for taking the initiative to convene this timely meeting. Today, Iraq is at a critical juncture, just a step away from establishing a new Government. It is important for us to express our support at the ministerial level for the efforts made by the Government and the people of Iraq to build their nation and regain an international standing equal to that which their country held prior to the adoption of resolution 661 (1990). It is also opportune to discuss how the Security Council should involve itself with Iraq. On behalf of the Government of Japan, it gives me great pleasure to share with you our Government’s views on those issues. Political stability is very important for the success of nation-building in Iraq. We hope to see the early establishment of a Government through an inclusive process that involves Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds. The international community should continue to encourage such efforts. It is necessary for the new Government in Iraq to continue its efforts to improve the security situation on the ground. The withdrawal of the United States combat troops and the transfer of security responsibilities to the Iraqi Government in August were significant steps. The overall security situation in Iraq has improved since then. Japan welcomes that trend and hopes it will continue. The circumstances in Iraq have changed drastically since 2003, and Japan supports the aspiration of the Government of Iraq to regain an international standing equal to that before the first Gulf war. Iraq has now carried out national elections on its own and is now a fully democratic nation. In order to encourage the Iraqis to continue in that course, my Government fully supports the resolutions and the presidential statement that we adopted today aimed at closing, one by one, the issues left over from the days of the former regime. At the same time, we hope that the new Government of Iraq will work with the Government of Kuwait to find solutions to pending issues between the two countries on the basis of mutual trust. Japan believes that the international community should continue to support the peacebuilding efforts in Iraq under the ownership of the Iraqi people. In that context, we support the work of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, which is playing an important role in promoting political dialogue, national reconciliation and humanitarian assistance. Japan, for its part, has almost completed the implementation of the $5 billion assistance pledged at the International Donors Conference for the Reconstruction of Iraq, held in Madrid in 2003, as well as debt relief of $6.7 billion. Our assistance has focused on rebuilding livelihoods and improving security. Japan intends to continue its assistance aimed at promoting economic and social development in Iraq. The Government of Japan will work closely with the private sector on reconstruction and development projects in Iraq to support the efforts to rebuild the country’s economy. I would like to reiterate the significance of the Security Council sending a unified message at the ministerial level to encourage Iraq’s nation-building efforts and efforts to achieve the international standing it had before the first Gulf war. Strong support from the international community is important for Iraq to continue on its path to stability and development. I would like to conclude by expressing the determination of my Government to remain actively engaged in this endeavour.

I now invite His Excellency Mr. Vitaly Churkin, the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, to take the floor.

Today’s meeting of the Security Council opens a new chapter in the contemporary history of Iraq. We have just adopted three resolutions lifting the majority of Chapter VII restrictions placed on that country. This was possible as a result of the planned and joint work of the Iraqi authorities and the Council’s members. Iraq is gradually acquiring the international status it possessed before August 1990. We welcome this process. The Iraqi people, however, still have a great deal to do in order to build a secure, stable, united and democratic State based on the rule of law and respect for human rights, living in peace and harmony with its neighbours. One cannot but be concerned over the security situation in Iraq. The terrorist threat has not abated. Armed groups are active. Ethnic and religious friction is periodically exacerbated. In such conditions, it is especially important to ensure a sustainable and broadly representative political process and the consistent normalization of relations between Iraq and other States of the region. We are pleased that the Iraqi political forces have achieved agreements on establishing their highest governing bodies. The urgent challenge now is not to delay the final formation of the Government, which must fully reflect the concept of a national partnership. It is important in practice to ensure the contribution of political groups and broad segments of the population in the work of the organs of governing power; otherwise, attempts to normalize the internal political situation and to maintain Iraq’s territorial integrity will be jeopardized. Having adopted today’s resolutions, we wish to emphasize once again that Russia’s position on arrangements for withdrawing from sanctions restrictions remains consistent and unchanged. We support the phased review by the Security Council of the provisions of the relevant resolutions, and the lifting of those that have been implemented or become irrelevant. We are prepared to do further work on assessing the implementation of Iraq’s remaining obligations on the basis of the mechanism enshrined in resolution 1859 (2008). The international community expects Iraq promptly to ratify the additional protocol to the safeguards agreement of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test- Ban Treaty. Work must also be completed on the harmonization of Iraqi legislation with international norms regarding export controls and control of dual- use items. Iraq must settle a number of issues with neighbouring States. In welcoming the improvement in relations between Baghdad and Damascus and the positive momentum in relations with other regional partners, we call for the unconditional observance of the Iraq-Kuwait borders, the recognition of the finality of their demarcation, and the clear-cut implementation of the border infrastructure support project. Iraq needs to enhance its cooperation with Kuwait towards achieving qualitative progress in the search for missing Kuwaitis and Kuwaiti property, including the archives. That will entail further relevant work by the Iraqi authorities. The prevailing positive potential must still be converted into concrete results. Of full and ongoing use is the work of the High-level Coordinator, whose mandate is solely humanitarian in nature. Given all the existing problems on the Iraqi political scene and the withdrawal of the foreign military contingent, the role of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq has increased considerably. We deeply appreciate the Mission’s humanitarian efforts in helping to establish Government agencies, resolving internal border issues, and constructively involving Iraq’s neighbours in the settlement process. We look forward to further effective work of the Mission, within its mandate, with the leaders of the parliamentary caucuses towards agreeing future amendments to the country’s Constitution. It is important to ensure substantive assistance for the future electoral process and the upcoming census of the population. It will be impossible to meet all those challenges without appropriate security for Mission personnel. A significant share of the responsibility for that falls to the Iraqi authorities. For our part, we are prepared to continue to help Iraq to address the challenges ahead.

I now invite His Excellency Mr. Li Baodong, Permanent Representative of China, to take the floor.

China welcomes the convening of this high-level meeting of the Security Council at the initiative of the United States. I am very pleased to see Vice-President Biden personally presiding over today’s meeting. I also wish to thank Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon for his briefing and Foreign Minister Zebari for his statement. I wish to make the following observations. First, Iraq is about to enter a critical period in its development. Despite many deep challenges, the overall situation in Iraq is stabilizing. The international community has increasing confidence in the future of Iraq. We commend the Iraqi Government and people for their efforts in that regard, and support the Iraqi people in determining the future of their country independently. China hopes that all parties in Iraq will work to promote national reconciliation through political dialogue and consultation, and strive to form a new Government expeditiously and to facilitate its effective functioning. Secondly, now that a new page has been turned in Iraq’s history, we understand and support Iraq’s aspirations to complete reintegration into the international community. China welcomes the adoption by the Security Council of resolutions lifting the sanctions imposed under Chapter VII of the Charter with respect to weapons of mass destruction, missiles and civilian nuclear activities, concluding the oil-for- food programme, and providing for appropriate arrangements for the Development Fund for Iraq. It is our hope that Iraq will take this opportunity to accelerate its peaceful reconstruction process and in so doing become an active force in maintaining regional peace and stability and contributing to common development, together with other countries. Thirdly, Iraq is still confronting a complex security situation. China condemns the recent terrorist attacks in the country. We support the Government and people of Iraq in their efforts to preserve national security. We hope to see a timely strengthening of the Iraqi security forces to fully assume the responsibility of safeguarding national security as soon as possible. China encourages Iraq to enhance dialogue and cooperation with its neighbours in the region and to find appropriate solutions to outstanding issues in a common effort to preserve national peace and stability. Fourthly, the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) has played an important role in the political process and peaceful reconstruction of Iraq. China is grateful to the Mission. We hope to see continued effective cooperation between UNAMI and the Government of Iraq. We call on all sides to take effective measures to provide the secure environment necessary to UNAMI’s operations and to ensure the safety and security of United Nations personnel and property.

I now give the floor to Her Excellency Mrs. Morgan Sotomayor, Deputy Permanent Representative of Mexico.

I should like to congratulate you, Sir, on having convened this high-level meeting on Iraq. We are particularly honoured by your personal presiding over the debate and by the presence of the Secretary- General and Foreign Minister Zebari. The adoption of three resolutions ending the restrictions imposed on Iraq under Chapter VII of the Charter, some dating back 20 years, and the important message of support contained in the presidential statement adopted this morning (S/PRST/2010/27) confirm Iraq’s recovery of its place in the community of nations, rejecting the threats to peace that characterized the previous regime. The road to this point has not been easy. Mexico’s membership of the Security Council in 2002- 2003 and that which shall conclude in a few days reflect our deepest commitment to the primacy of the United Nations in the maintenance of international peace and security. Iraq is a clear example of that. At the time, like a large majority of United Nations Member States, Mexico condemned the former Iraq regime’s failure to comply with its international disarmament obligations. In 2002, when tensions over Iraq came to a head, we supported two-stage Security Council action, in which the first stage established a revised inspection regime on the basis of which a decision would be adopted to determine whether non-compliance was a threat to international peace and security. Mexico always advocated the need for multilateral efforts to reach a comprehensive, peaceful and definitive solution to the issue. In 2003, after the military intervention began, it became obvious that we had to deal with the humanitarian situation and reconstruction in Iraq, appealing to our sense of collective responsibility. The disagreements that prevented the Security Council from pursuing peaceful disarmament in Iraq did not invalidate the path of multilateralism. What happened next showed that the world could not manage without the United Nations. We therefore stressed the importance of the Security Council respecting the territorial integrity of Iraq, preserving the fundamental right of the Iraqi people to its natural resources, especially oil, and their inalienable right to decide their own future. We also showed that the United Nations had the obligation to promote the protection of the Iraqi people’s human, political, civil, economic and social rights, and to contribute to their economic development. All those principles are reflected in the texts we adopted today. Mexico welcomes the gradual departure of the international forces from Iraq. It is nevertheless imperative that the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) continue to assist in consolidating reconstruction efforts, promote development, ensure the dignified and safe return of refugees and internally displaced persons, and strengthen the protection of ethnic and religious minorities, as well as the most vulnerable groups within the country. Iraq has succeeded in holding free, plural and inclusive elections, which have been a triumph for its people and for democracy as a whole. That momentum must not be lost, and work must continue towards forming a Government that represents all sectors of society and that can consolidate national reconciliation. In the area of security, although the situation on the ground today is fundamentally different from that of the past, numerous indiscriminate attacks on the civilian population, Iraqi and foreign armed forces and United Nations staff continue to be reported. It is essential that the Iraqi armed forces be able to confront this significant challenge before the final departure of all international forces, while guaranteeing respect for human rights. Finding solutions to the internal border disputes, the status of Kirkuk and the pending issues with Kuwait is also essential and must be taken into account if peace is to be achieved throughout the country. Iraq was a test of the Security Council and the United Nations itself. Today, this dark page of history has been turned. The consolidation of efforts under way, with the support of UNAMI and the international community, will be key to strengthening the standing of our Organization.

I now give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Nawaf Salam, Permanent Representative of Lebanon.

I thank you, Mr. President, for your initiative to convene this high-level meeting, which attests to Iraq’s pivotal role in the Arab and Muslim worlds. I would also like to thank the Secretary-General for his reports and detailed comments. I would like to praise the role of the Ministers and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Ad Melkert, and thank the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq, Mr. Hoshyar Zebari, in particular for his important statement. We all know that Iraq was the cradle of civilization and history and a source of scientific and legislative knowledge for the world. It is now recovering that role, despite the wars of the past three decades. Today, Iraq, whose Arab, ethnic and religious diversity makes it strong, is on its way to building a sovereign, independent and united and democratic State — the only one in the Middle East with a Constitution that stipulates a minimum 25 per cent participation of women in Parliament; that reaffirms that the nation’s natural resources belong to its people and should be shared equally and fairly throughout the country and among all the people; and whose laws state that all Iraqis have the right to parliamentary representation. Lebanon welcomes the agreement to form a new Government in Iraq that will incorporate all political viewpoints, strengthen national reconciliation and resolve the pending political issues in a manner conducive to preserving its unity and territorial integrity. We support the efforts of the Iraqi people to consolidate security and stability in their country and call on States in the region and the international community to support them in those efforts. Lebanon strongly condemns all suicide attacks and acts of aggression against Iraqis, especially recent faith-based assaults. We know that Iraqis will confront such attacks, and we welcome the growing capacity of the Iraqi armed forces to assume responsibility for security following the complete drawdown of United States troops. The measures undertaken by Iraq so far, as noted in the letter from the Foreign Minister (see S/2010/567), demonstrate its commitment to the non- proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and confirm that Iraq is not a threat to international peace and security. The Council’s decision today to lift sanctions is proof of that. Iraq’s efforts to honour its commitments and obligations under resolution 1905 (2009), despite difficult circumstances, are worthy of praise. The transitional Government now has a successor to the Development Fund for Iraq, which is further proof that it can protect Iraqi assets, despite the delay caused by the slow formation of the new Government. The Security Council understands Iraq’s circumstances and has extended the mandate for another six months. We fully support the reconstruction of Iraq, and call for the cancellation or mitigation of its foreign debt. We respect Iraq’s commitment to implementing resolution 1483 (2003) regarding the United Nations Compensation Fund and its acknowledgement of that commitment. We also welcome Iraq’s efforts to resolve the pending issues concerning the oil-for-food programme, which contributed to our decision today to terminate the programme completely. Progress on Chapter VII mandates concerning Iraq and Kuwait has injected new momentum into the process and brought Iraq back into the international fold. We welcome the cooperation of the Governments of Iraq and Kuwait in uncovering the fate of disappeared Kuwaiti persons and prisoners, Kuwaiti property and the Kuwaiti national archives, and welcome the positive atmosphere in that regard. We invite the Iraqi Government to honour its obligations with respect to the Iraq-Kuwait border, in line with resolution 833 (1993). We praise the role of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, and welcome today’s presidential statement (S/PRST/2010/27) confirming that the international community trusts in Iraq and its future.

I give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Gérard Araud, Permanent Representative of France.

I thank Vice President Biden, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Minister Zebari for their statements. I should like to join in the tribute paid to Ambassador Holbrooke. As a European, I would like in particular to recall the role he played in the conclusion of the Dayton Accords, which put an end to the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. France is pleased to take part in this meeting, which marks progress in the process of restoring Iraq’s full sovereignty. Today’s meeting is an opportunity for France and the entire Council to welcome the progress made by Iraq since the fall of Saddam Hussein’s regime. At all levels — political, institutional and security — the Republic of Iraq is on track towards completing its reconstruction and normalization, and its vigorous economy is the best proof of this. Recent political developments in Iraq give hope for full normalization at the institutional level. We hope that the agreement reached among all the country’s political groups on 11 November to form a national partnership Government will swiftly come to fruition. We trust that the spirit of responsibility demonstrated by Iraqi leaders to overcome their differences will prevail so as to resolve the final outstanding issues ahead of the effective formation of the Government. In so doing, the political stakeholders in Iraq have chosen to take up the challenges of Iraq’s future, and France wishes to lend them its full support. On the path towards normalization, France chose to stand alongside the people and the leaders of Iraq. This commitment is above all political, reflected by many high-level visits. Both the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister visited Baghdad over the past two years. This commitment is accompanied by firm engagement on the ground and the resumption of our bilateral cooperation in the areas of defence, industry, agriculture, domestic security, governance, environment and culture. This support is also reflected at the international level. France supports the legitimate quest of the Iraqi authorities to restore the country to the international status it enjoyed prior to August 1990. Resolution 1859 (2008), which France sponsored in 2008, identified that objective. Two years later, while Iraq has made considerable preparatory efforts, the Council has today closed three components of the measures taken under Chapter VII. France welcomes this. With respect first of all to restrictions related to weapons of mass destruction and civilian nuclear activities, the Council indicated on 26 February its readiness to lift those restrictions once the necessary measures had been taken. Today, we welcome Iraq’s efforts in this area. The lifting of sanctions with respect to disarmament and non-proliferation — highly symbolic in view of past mistakes — will allow the new Iraq to access technologies hitherto banned. On the basis of this restored trust, we call on the Iraqi authorities to pursue their efforts by assuming international obligations that will mark the end of these painful episodes in its history. France also welcomes the fact that Iraq is regaining full sovereignty over its oil revenues. The closure of the oil-for-food programme is a symbol of the normalization of Iraq’s international status and a return to its sovereignty. While France was unable to support this text today, it was clearly not because the resolution’s objective is in the least problematic. The objective of allowing Iraq to regain its full sovereignty over the funds retained under the oil-for-food programme is obviously one that France fully supports. The modalities for implementation in respect of this very technically complex issue remain pending. Intensive but belated discussions were undertaken to draft a text that all Council members, including France, could support. Unfortunately, these discussions did not result in a text within the necessary time frame that included all the guarantees France considers to be necessary to end the activities under this programme. France hopes that, in the future, its requests will be thoroughly taken into account when the agreements provided under the resolution are implemented. Iraq must be able to emerge from Chapter VII. In this regard, France welcomes the progress made by the Governments of Iraq and Kuwait in resolving the remaining issues between them, and urges them to strengthen their cooperation. To this end, it is crucial for Iraq to honour without further delay its final obligations under Council resolutions. As it has done until now, France will continue to support the efforts of the Government of Iraq, in consultation with all relevant stakeholders, to take all measures enabling Iraq to once again become a nation that is fully integrated into its regional and international environment. The United Nations, be it the Security Council or the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq — whose courageous work on the ground we wish to salute — will continue to support this objective. France wishes to reiterate its willingness to help these two friendly countries, if so requested, to lay the groundwork for ambitious cooperation. We hope that this next stage will hasten the regional integration process to which Iraq has successfully committed and which we support.

I give the floor to Her Excellency Mrs. U. Joy Ogwu, Permanent Representative of Nigeria.

Allow me to congratulate you, Sir, and your delegation on organizing this high- level meeting to review the journey in Iraq. I would also like to acknowledge the remarkable effort of the Secretary-General on behalf of our Organization, and welcome him to this meeting. Today’s Iraq bears little resemblance to its image at the outset of Operation Iraqi Freedom. A new Iraq has emerged, with a fledgling democratic system supported by the presence of international combat troops and the United Nations. It is evident that Iraq enjoys stability and self-governance to a far greater extent than it did a decade ago. In spite of the phased withdrawal of the bulk of international combat troops from its territory, it appears that the country is regaining its strength and operational capacity. After months of political stalemate following the elections of 7 March, it is heartwarming that Iraq’s political leaders have finally agreed on the formation of a new, inclusive partnership Government. Nigeria is encouraged by this demonstration of unity in the country, involving the Sunni, Shiite and Kurdish communities. This, we believe, is a long-awaited and important milestone. The path to true and lasting political stability and economic independence is a difficult one for any nation, not least for a country emerging from war. By way of example, the provision of basic infrastructure and services presents ongoing challenges to the Iraqi people. We are therefore pleased to note the planned implementation of a five-year National Development Plan. We are convinced that the implementation of the Plan within the context of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework will help to address the current gaps in infrastructure and service provision. Given the recent history of Iraq, there is a continuing imperative for international support and partnership. We welcome the extension by six months of the immunity granted to the Development Fund for Iraq (DFI) to support the Government’s efforts in setting up the successor mechanism to the DFI/International Advisory and Monitoring Board. We particularly welcome the adoption of the resolutions bringing the oil-for-food programme to an end and removing Iraq from numerous Chapter VII measures. While we are encouraged by the progress that has been made in terms of Iraq’s relationships with its neighbours, we hope that these positive measures will help to reinforce the confidence of the international community in Iraq’s Government and its people. To ensure sustainable outcomes, it remains important that Iraq’s Government work assiduously to fulfil all of its remaining obligations under Chapter VII, including those owed in respect of Kuwait. We are pleased that this morning His Excellency Mr. Zebari totally reaffirmed Iraq’s commitment to meeting its international obligations. The security situation in Iraq remains dire. We commend the Iraqi forces for assuming leadership of their security following the end of the United States combat operation in August 2009. However, insurgent elements continue to feature in Iraqi life, causing mayhem with targeted terror attacks against innocent civilians, including minorities and religious sanctuaries. Such incidents are a grim reminder of the fragility of the security situation and the obligation to guarantee the rights of minorities, particularly Christians and other vulnerable persons. The Government of Iraq should thoroughly investigate and hold accountable the persons behind all acts of violence in the country. In cooperation with the Iraqi authorities, we must bring to justice all perpetrators, organizers, financers and sponsors of terrorism who seek to dismantle the hard-won democracy in Iraq. Iraq’s future hangs in the balance for several reasons, not least of which the fragile security situation. Although 50,000 United States troops will remain in Iraq, their role will be essentially non-combat. This shift will create a window of vulnerability in the country’s security framework that extremists could possibly exploit. The Council should therefore lend its weight to further operational and logistical training and counter-terrorism support for Iraq’s security sector. Now more than ever, Iraq needs the backing of the international community in order that we might declare with one voice that no terrorist act can reverse the path towards peace, democracy and reconstruction in Iraq — a peace representing the shared aspiration of the people and Government of Iraq and the international community.

I thank all the participants for their contribution to this meeting. My thanks go particularly to my fellow Vice President, the Secretary- General, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq and other representatives. I would like to close by saying a few final remarks in my national capacity. Today was an important milestone for the Government of Iraq and the people of Iraq in their ongoing effort to leave behind their troubled past and embrace a much brighter future. The three resolutions we adopted bring an end to the burdensome remnants of the dark era of Saddam Hussein, lifting restrictions relating to weapons of mass destruction and civilian nuclear activities and terminating both the oil-for-food programme and the Development Fund for Iraq. It is a rare honour, I say to my colleagues, to be able to preside over this gathering. I thank them all once more for their efforts in support of this process. I now resume my functions as President of the Security Council.