S/PV.9967 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Security Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Norway, the Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia and Türkiye to participate in this meeting. On behalf of the Council, I welcome His Excellency Mr. Espen Barth Eide, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Norway, and His Excellency Mr. Nuh Yılmaz, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of Türkiye. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the following briefers to participate in this meeting: Mr. Geir Pedersen, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria; and Ms. Edem Wosornu, Director of Operations and Advocacy, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I give the floor to Mr. Pedersen. Mr. Pedersen: Syria’s transition has been rocked this past month by violence and escalation that led to mass casualties, drained trust and created more dangers of fragmentation. It is clear that some major course corrections on security and the political transition are needed. Syrians are reeling after appalling violence in Suwayda — violence that should not have happened and that also involved unacceptable foreign intervention. I and my deputy have remained engaged with the authorities in Damascus and local actors in Suwayda throughout. On 12 July, mutual kidnappings escalated into armed local clashes between Bedouin tribes and Druze groups. The authorities announced the deployment of security forces to Suwayda to halt the fighting and restore order. During this period, security forces were attacked, killed and abducted by Druze groups, and there were extremely grave reports of serious violations by security forces against Druze civilians. An initial ceasefire to enable security forces to enter was announced and endorsed and then collapsed. This unfolded amid shifting positions and fresh accusations of violations, with disturbing footage circulated of extrajudicial executions, degrading treatment, desecration of corpses, looting and destruction of property, alongside widespread disinformation and sectarian incitement. This dramatic first round of fighting saw hundreds of casualties and injuries among security forces, Druze fighters and — most tragically — among civilians, in particular Druze. As fighting raged, Israeli air strikes targeted Syrian security forces and Bedouin armed elements in and around Suwayda. Israel later attacked a Ministry of Defence building and struck in the vicinity of the presidential palace in Damascus. Israel’s strikes caused casualties among civilians and security forces. Security forces announced their withdrawal from Suwayda, but testimonies emerged of violations against civilians, including Druze and local Bedouins. Further kidnappings and displacements took place. Amid intense mobilization, clashes ensued as Bedouin fighters launched a major offensive, re-entering Suwayda’ city, with serious allegations of violations by all parties. By 19 July, another ceasefire was declared. Bedouin forces withdrew from most of Suwayda’, and security forces redeployed at the edges of the governorate. Fighting Some 175,000 have been displaced, humanitarian needs are acute, and sustained and unhindered access for the United Nations for humanitarian assistance — and for mandated protection agencies — remains critical. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs will brief the Council on this in detail. Some exchanges of civilians and combatants held captive have taken place. I condemn the appalling violations against civilians and combatants in Suwayda’. I also condemn Israel’s intervention and dangerous air strikes in Suwayda’ and Damascus. I am seriously concerned about credible reports received by the United Nations Human Rights Office — and my Office — indicating widespread violations and abuses, including summary executions and arbitrary killings, kidnappings, destruction of private property and looting of homes. Among the reported perpetrators were members of the security forces and individuals affiliated with the authorities, as well as other armed elements from the area, including Druze and Bedouins. The Ministry of Defence stated that violations in Suwayda’ were committed by an unknown group wearing military uniforms. It further stated that no perpetrators will be tolerated, even if affiliated with the Ministry. The Syrian presidency issued a statement condemning violations and pledging accountability. I welcome this and will watch closely how it is implemented. Let me also stress my concern about reports of abductions of Druze women after the entry of the security forces into particular areas, and at reports of women children and men who are missing. The parallels with similar incidents earlier this year involving Alawite women, which are reportedly ongoing, are alarming. There are growing concerns of emerging patterns in the treatment of women, including by combatants. In that context, we also take note that the committee for investigation and fact- finding into the events in the coastal region has submitted its report to President Al-Sharaa. We have not seen the report but are aware of a range of reactions to its public presentation. I urge the authorities to publish the report and ensure justice for victims and accountability for all perpetrators, regardless of affiliation — in line with international laws and standards and the constitutional declaration. A sovereign Syria must ultimately hold a monopoly on the legitimate use of force and operate under the rule of law. The authorities inherited a landscape ravaged by 14 years of war and decades of misrule, with numerous armed groups, irregulars and armed civilians. A fragmented security architecture, filled with militias and lacking clear command, cannot sustain peace. Disarming and demobilizing this range of actors without provoking further instability is, of course, a major challenge. While there have been security achievements, threats of many kinds, including from the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, remain a constant danger. Nevertheless, sectarian incitement and abusive conduct, particularly during security operations, is simply inexcusable. The State has a clear duty to act professionally and with discipline, even when under attack. It must take control of its forces and ensure visible accountability, which are key to rebuilding trust, enhancing security and promoting unity. Syrians must feel that the State and its forces exist only to protect them — as is the stated policy of President Al-Sharaa and as he has emphasized to me several times. The gap between that policy and the reality on the ground must close. A clear vision and programme of security sector reform, disarmament and demobilization is needed — one that applies equally to all groups. These efforts are closely tied to the need to begin the process of transitional justice, without which Syrian society cannot heal. Since December, I have regularly briefed the Council on the transition process. I have underscored the momentous scale of the challenges and noted important positive steps echoed by many Syrians. And many Syrians remain broadly supportive of the authorities’ approach. But I have equally been clear that the political transition is not yet fully inclusive. And many Syrians express concern about centralized power, limited transparency, weak checks and balances and insufficient means for genuine public consultation, participation and scrutiny. If not addressed, these concerns risk deepening feelings of exclusion and undermining belief in the transition and, ultimately, in a shared national future. Let me add that I am concerned when I see signs that space for citizen expression is shrinking. For example, women in Idlib who protested the violence in Suwayda’ were threatened with legal measures by the local authorities. The next step — the formation of a People’s Assembly — is crucial. It offers an opportunity to embed genuine pluralism and accountability into Syria’s emerging transitional political system, as discussed when I met with President Al-Sharaa and Foreign Minister Al-Shaibani in Damascus. And my team has been engaging the Supreme Committee for Elections to the People’s Assembly to urge an inclusive, transparent and representative process. The formation of the partially elected Assembly is expected to take place in September. It is our understanding that an electoral framework detailing the process for selecting electoral colleges to indirectly vote for members of the People’s Assembly will soon be published. We will closely follow this issue. It is absolutely vital that all major Syrian groups and components are fully included as electors and candidates. The participation of women as electors and candidates is equally fundamental. Ensuring that inclusion genuinely extends to those areas where disputes remain with the authorities is a key challenge and must be a high priority. Also in this context and turning to the north-east, implementing the 10 March agreement has proven difficult, and frustrations on both sides were on clear display during the reporting period. A meeting on 9 July between the transitional authorities and the Syrian Democratic Forces leadership in Damascus, with American and French diplomats present, was not able to bridge key differences, but efforts are nevertheless under way for a further meeting in Paris. We are continuing to engage both sides on the importance of making compromises to make progress on their agreed goal of implementing the 10 March agreement before the end of the year. Given the issues between them and the wider national situation, it is essential to build trust and confidence on this track. The questions of security, the rule of law, national unity and political inclusivity cannot be put in separate or disconnected boxes or be the subject of ad hoc approaches. The political transition must be a genuinely comprehensive process that will build real consensus and a shared vision for Syria. And when it is interrupted by violence that leaves whole communities feeling endangered, trust is shattered and hard to rebuild. Without a broad political foundation that includes not just trusted individuals but key elements of Syrian society, deeper conflict is, tragically, almost inevitable. I take note that a prominent group of Syrians, drawing on Syria’s own historical traditions, has recently proposed a new national conference of a deeper, broader and more systematic character than what has been possible to date. This is above all a time for flexibility and wisdom. If the State is seen by key constituencies and communities as acting not like a State but as a threat, positions harden. Equally, if the leadership of such constituencies and communities is seen as slow-

I thank Mr. Pedersen for his briefing. I now give the floor to Ms. Wosornu. Ms. Wosornu: I welcome this opportunity to brief the Security Council on the humanitarian situation in Syria and complement the important messages from Special Envoy Pedersen. Recent weeks have indeed provided a stark reminder that Syria is not just one of the world’s largest humanitarian crises, but it is also subject to violence and climatic shocks that compound the country’s needs. The recent violence in Suwayda, as Special Envoy Pedersen just outlined, has displaced an estimated 175,000 people both within the area and to surrounding governorates. That represents a third of the population in a governorate where two thirds of people are already in need of assistance. Women, children and medical personnel are among the hundreds of people who have been reported killed. The World Health Organization has confirmed reports of the killing of two doctors, the obstruction and targeting of ambulances and hospitals being temporarily occupied. Again, as the Special Envoy said, there have been reports of horrendous physical assaults, abductions, forced evictions, psychological abuse and the looting and destruction of homes. Water infrastructure has been critically damaged, interrupting the water supply. Significant cuts to electricity have been reported, as well as serious disruptions to food, fuel and other supplies in markets. The main hospital is overwhelmed, with severe shortages of medical supplies and personnel and a lack of electricity. Those caught up in the fighting must be protected and allowed to move freely in search of safety and medical treatment. Safeguarding essential infrastructure and services, including healthcare, water and sanitation and electricity, is equally vital. International human rights law, norms and standards must be respected, and the killing, injuring and acts of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment must stop. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs is engaging with all parties to ensure the swift delivery of assistance, but access remains constrained. On 20 July, a 32-truck convoy from the Syrian Arab Red Crescent reached Suwayda, carrying aid provided by the World Food Programme, UNICEF and other partners. A second Syrian Arab Red Crescent convoy with food, wheat flour, fuel, medicines and health supplies, including from the United Nations, reached Suwayda on 23 July. A third such convoy, including fuel for hospitals and bakeries, food, surgical kits and shelter supplies, also arrived in Suwayda today. First responders under the Ministry of Emergency and Disaster Management and the Syrian Arab Red Crescent have evacuated vulnerable people, including children and older people. The Syrian authorities are seeking to send further teams to support health services and other response, but this has not yet been made possible. We continue to engage with our partners and the interim authorities, including through a Government-led coordination cell, to gain direct access to Suwayda as soon as security conditions allow. We urge all parties to facilitate expanded and sustained access for humanitarian assistance and personnel, including of course medical staff. In neighbouring Dara’a and rural Damascus, the United Nations is working with partners from the Syrian Arab Red Crescent and non-governmental The violence in the south erupted just as vicious wildfires concentrated in the coastal governorate of Ladhiqiyah were brought under control by the Syrian authorities and teams around the region. The fires displaced more than 1,100 people and destroyed large swathes of agricultural land. The United Nations and partners are providing a range of support, including bread, clean water and critical household items. Mobile teams are providing health and nutrition services. A $625,000 allocation from the Syria Humanitarian Fund is supporting the Syrian Arab Red Crescent’s emergency response. The fires were exacerbated by the worst drought- like conditions Syria has seen in 36 years. Key reservoirs, critical for drinking water, energy supply and agriculture, have fallen to historically low levels. This past May, I visited Syria together with the World Health Organization’s Director of Health Emergencies to support our efforts to adapt the response to the evolving context in Syria. I visited Damascus, Homs, Ladhiqiyah and Aleppo. The enormous scale of need for humanitarian assistance and protection was obvious, and the need for recovery and reconstruction was clear, but so was the desire of those I met to build a better future. In Aleppo, I met with women farmers who had returned to work on their fields after years of displacement. Their strength and resilience are reminders to us all of the Syrian people’s determination to rebuild their country, despite all they have endured. This is a path out of the humanitarian crisis, and it is in the hands of the people of Syria, but getting ahead will require concerted engagement and solidarity by all of us. I want to highlight three key asks for the Council’s attention. First, we must ensure that people caught in areas of violence are protected, including aid workers. Critical services must be spared, and people must be able to safely access medical care and humanitarian relief. The United Nations and our partners in non-governmental organizations must have sustained humanitarian access to people in and around Suwayda, and those who require urgent medical attention must be evacuated. Aid workers and assets, health facilities and other vital services must be protected. If Syria is to recover, the violence must stop. Our second ask is for continued investment in what remains a large-scale and vital humanitarian operation. The United Nations and our partners continue to do our utmost to provide critical assistance and use the limited resources we have efficiently. In this regard, we have concluded the transition from the whole-of-Syria approach to Damascus-led operations with a single humanitarian country team, bringing together organizations working across Syria under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator. National and international non-governmental organizations that have been working for years in one part of the country are expanding their operations. We are reaching new locations. We are consolidating what has been separate pooled funding mechanisms for the Damascus-based and cross-border response. This month, Syria agreed to continue current arrangements for the United Nations to deliver humanitarian assistance from Türkiye through to early February 2026, enabling us to continue using a highly efficient route to provide aid to a range of areas inside Syria. Through these efforts, our humanitarian partners are assisting some 2.5 million people across the country with critical aid each month, despite severe reductions in funding. This includes deploying mobile medical teams to reach underserved communities. This includes getting critical medical supplies to health facilities; supporting the restoration of water supplies; providing food and nutrition support for the most vulnerable; and clearing explosive war remnants. In doing so, we are relying heavily on local actors and on the contributions of women aid workers, as I saw first-hand during my visit. Our third ask is to mobilize resources for Syria’s reconstruction and development, which will allow us to move faster from humanitarian relief to recovery. Such investment will be particularly critical to supporting the growing numbers of people returning to their homes. As of mid-July, more than 1.5 million internally displaced persons had returned to their home areas, along with 700,000 refugees returning from abroad, with the pace of returns slightly increasing during summer and at the end of the school year. This only adds pressure to services such as health, water and education, which already face major gaps. Recent weeks have provided important opportunities. Steps to ease unilateral sanctions, the World Bank’s announcement of a grant to support electricity supply and important investments and support from neighbouring countries are welcome developments. The momentum needs to be sustained and translated into more tangible support to help the resilient people of Syria to rebuild their lives.

I thank Ms. Wosornu for her briefing. I now give the floor to those Council members who wish to make statements.

I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Ms. Wosornu for the briefings. Their update today underlines just how fragile the situation remains in Syria. Together, we must stay focused on protecting civilians, supporting peace and getting aid to those who need it. I want to make three points today. First, the United Kingdom welcomes the ceasefire in southern Syria. It is fragile, but it is holding. I thank the United States and regional partners for all their hard work and efforts in brokering the ceasefire. We urge all sides to stick to it. We also welcome the resumption of dialogue between Syria and Israel. Further Israeli military action is in no one’s interests and risks tipping Syria into deeper instability. We must avoid that, and now is the time to rebuild trust. The United Kingdom is worried about the spread of disinformation and misinformation, which is fuelling division and fear. Communities need space to talk honestly with each other, and those sowing division must be held accountable. The violence on the coast in March cannot be brushed aside. We welcome the recent presentation of the findings of the committee established to investigate the violence. Showing how the perpetrators of the violence will be held accountable is crucial to preventing those events from repeating. Secondly, the humanitarian situation is dire, as we have heard. More than 145,000 people have been displaced, many are cut off from food, water, fuel and medical care. That is unacceptable. We call for immediate, consistent and unimpeded humanitarian access so that all aid actors, including international organizations, can get help to those who need it most. The United Kingdom is doing its part. We have provided more than $295,000 in emergency support to southern Syria, getting urgent healthcare and trauma care to those affected. United Kingdom-funded grain from Ukraine is also reaching people in Dar’a and Suwayda through the World Food Programme. Earlier this month, our Foreign Secretary announced more than $124 million in new support for Syria. That includes urgent humanitarian aid, long- Finally, this is another pivotal moment. The violence in Suwayda is a stark reminder that Syria’s future must include all of its communities. We know that peace and security will not come without inclusion. That is why we are calling on the Syrian Government to prioritize this in the political transition. And the United Kingdom will keep working with the Syrian Government and regional partners to help to build a Syria that is peaceful, inclusive and stable.

Let me thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Director Wosornu for their comprehensive briefings. I also welcome the representative of Syria to our meeting today. The briefings have underscored the precarious nature of peace in Syria. The recent escalation of violence in Suwayda further highlights that, while much has been achieved since the fall of the Al-Assad regime, the situation remains fragile, and progress cannot be taken for granted. Let me highlight four points. First, it is imperative that security be established in Syria. Progress on all other fronts depends on this critical step. Denmark is deeply concerned about the resurgence of violence in Suwayda, which has already resulted in a high number of casualties and led to large-scale internal displacement. We welcome the ceasefire and urge all parties to adhere to it and to refrain from taking action that could lead to further escalation. The transitional authorities must protect all Syrians, and we call for swift and credible investigations into this violence. The authorities must ensure justice and the accountability of those who have perpetrated criminal acts of violence and targeted killings since 13 July. In that regard, Denmark also notes the summary report and public briefing last week by the Syrian national fact-finding committee to investigate the coastal violence in March. We call for the prompt release of the report. Secondly, the stabilization of Syria’s internal security situation also hinges on Syria’s establishment of good relations with its neighbours. A prosperous, stable and safe Syria is in the interest of the entire region. It is in the interest of Syria’s neighbours to assist Syria in becoming a regional hub of stability by supporting its recovery and by respecting its sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. We therefore reiterate our deep concern about Israel’s recent strikes on Syrian territory, including on Damascus. We also reiterate our call for the full implementation of the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement of Forces between Syria and Israel. Israel must withdraw from the area of separation, and the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force must be able to carry out its mandate. My third point is that the humanitarian situation remains dire throughout Syria. Recent clashes in Suwayda have led to significant displacement, with tens of thousands uprooted and reports of severe damage to critical infrastructure, including water and electricity networks. The reported attacks on civilian infrastructure, including health facilities, in Suwayda are completely unacceptable. The protection of humanitarian and health workers must also be ensured. While we welcome initial aid convoys reaching Suwayda and reports of a new convoy traveling to Suwayda this morning, much more is urgently needed. Access to those in need remains severely constrained. The international community, including the Council, must intensify efforts to address the immense needs of more than 16 million Syrians in need of humanitarian assistance. In this regard, Denmark is proud to continue its support for the Syrian people, pledging nearly $100 million at the Brussels Conference on Supporting the Future of Syria and the Region last May. At this time of transition, uninterrupted support is all the more important. In conclusion, Denmark remains steadfast in its commitment to the people of Syria and the work of the Special Envoy. We will continue to support a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political transition, in line with resolution 2254 (2015), towards an inclusive and representative Government, one under which all Syrians are safe, their needs are met and their diversity is celebrated.

We are grateful to Special Envoy for Syria Geir Pedersen and Ms. Edem Wosornu, Director of Operations and Advocacy of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), for their comprehensive reports on the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic. It is clear from these reports that the country continues to face an array of rather acute challenges. Syria’s future hinges on successfully overcoming these challenges. Russia hopes that the brotherly Syrian people will be able to swiftly overcome the protracted period of instability and internal crisis and to embark on the path of national reconciliation and sustained economic development. At the same time, all Syrians should feel protected in their own country. To this end, the Damascus leadership should undertake all necessary measures to ensure the cohesion of Syrian society and respect for the rights of all Syrian citizens, regardless of their ethnic or religious background. Unfortunately, we recently had the opportunity to see that an inclusive Syria remains a far-off prospect. During clashes between security forces and local armed groups in Suwayda, hundreds — if not thousands — of people perished, just as was the case several months ago in Latakia and Tartus. United Nations human rights defenders have shared credible information about extrajudicial executions, abductions, the destruction of private property and looting. As a result, the local people are intimidated. They are extremely vulnerable. According to the United Nations, critical infrastructure has been damaged. The number of internally displaced persons is growing rapidly. According to various estimates, 145,000 people have been forced to flee their homes. These people need urgent assistance. We call on OCHA to place the highest priority on addressing the vulnerability of religious and ethnic minorities and to intensify efforts to expand the humanitarian presence in unstable and affected areas. For the time being, United Nations agencies still have very limited access to these areas. We have learned that United Nations humanitarians have to seek assistance from the Syrian Arab Red Crescent to deliver humanitarian aid. Under these circumstances, we insistently urge OCHA to ensure sustained and secure access to those in need. In this context, we believe that there is a sound rationale behind the initiative to conduct an inter-agency United Nations mission, the main aim of which would be to conduct an objective assessment of the humanitarian situation on the ground and determine priority needs of the people affected. We deem it necessary to intensify cooperation with the Syrian authorities on this issue, and we count on them taking a constructive stance, which would allow us to organize such a mission as promptly as possible. Against this backdrop, we took note of the conclusion by the Commission of Inquiry established in the aftermath of numerous incidents of violence on the western coast of Syria. The Commission has confirmed mass killings of Alawites and the incitement of sectarian strife, noting that 1,426 people were killed then. Given the Security Council presidential statement issued in March (S/PRST/2025/4), which strongly condemned the mass killings in Latakia and Tartus, we expect the Syrian authorities to provide the Security Council with detailed information on the investigation that is being conducted, and we also hope that they will engage closely with the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria. We believe that bringing all those responsible to justice, irrespective of their status or official position, will help to bridge the gulf of mistrust and fear engendered by the flare-up of violence. Greater efforts are needed to resolve the issue of foreign terrorist fighters within the ranks of the country’s armed forces, with many of them openly sympathizing with terrorist groups. The level of terrorist threat in Syria remains high. The 22 June terrorist attack on the Antioch Orthodox Church of the Prophet Elias, in eastern Damascus, which claimed the lives of more than 20 people and left dozens of Syrians wounded, deserves our strongest condemnation. We urge the Syrian authorities to intensify their efforts to combat terrorism and ensure proper protection of Orthodox holy sites, as well as to hold all those responsible to account. Another pressing issue is the reintegration of Kurds into a unified Syrian State and the implementation of the agreement reached between the central authorities and the Trans-Euphrates. We are alarmed by growing tensions in the north-east of the country and by reports of isolated clashes between Syrian security forces and the Syrian Democratic Forces. We stand convinced that mutual distrust can be overcome if Damascus takes effective steps to resolve the crisis in the south of the country and to ensure that justice is done when attacks on Alawites and Christians occur. At the same time, we condemn the actions of Israel, which is doing as it sees fit in Syria as if it were its own backyard. Whatever West Jerusalem’s seemingly well-intentioned pretext, the fact remains that Israel is flagrantly violating Syrian sovereignty, conducting air strikes, including on the very centre of Damascus, arbitrarily declaring southern Syria a demilitarized zone and occupying a significant part of the country’s territory. We reaffirm our unwavering position in favour of the need to respect the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic. Against this backdrop, we are closely monitoring incipient Syrian- Israeli contacts on security issues, including the talks in Paris on 25 July. We stand convinced that dialogue is the only way for Israel to effectively ensure its own security, with due regard for the legitimate interests of Syria. This is all the more so, given that Damascus has repeatedly sent messages showing its willingness to build peaceful relations with all its neighbours, bar none. We have consistently supported the Organization’s efforts to provide humanitarian assistance to the Syrian people. Under current conditions, it is important to ensure impartial, sustained and coordinated support for the most vulnerable. We expect the Syrian authorities to provide comprehensive assistance to humanitarian operations while being guided by the imperative of protecting the civilian population. In conclusion, I would like to stress that everything that is happening in Syria proves the fact that returning to the political process is the only game in town. This process should be led and implemented by all Syrians, without exception, with the support of the United Nations. The parameters of that process are enshrined in resolution 2254 (2015), pursuant to which the rights of all citizens of the country must be guaranteed. We fully support the Special Envoy’s efforts on this front. The Russian Federation is interested in rectifying the situation in the country so as to ensure its sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity. We intend to strengthen ties with Syria, to which we have been historically bound by friendly relations.

I thank Special Envoy Geir Pedersen and Director Edem Wosornu for their briefings. And we welcome the representative of Syria today. The United States unequivocally condemns the recent violence in Suwayda’, especially atrocities committed against civilians. We continue to facilitate dialogue among Syrians — and between Syria and Israel — to bring calm to the region. We call on all parties to adhere to the recent ceasefire, to facilitate the exchange of prisoners and release of hostages and to ensure unfettered humanitarian access to civilians in need. The massive wildfires, earlier this month, in Ladhiqiyah and their devastating impact on local communities make clear the need for continued humanitarian access. We offer our sympathies to the Syrian families affected by those fires, and we will continue to encourage sustained humanitarian access. To be clear: there cannot be peace and stability in Syria without accountability and justice. The Government must investigate all reports of abuses in Suwayda’ and hold the perpetrators accountable. We welcome President Al-Sharaa’s commitment in that regard. This is the only path to restore trust between the Government and all of Syria’s components. In the same vein, we applaud the work of the Syrian fact-finding committee that investigated the March coastal violence, and we look forward to seeing the full report of the investigation. We echo the Committee’s call for the Syrian Government to investigate and prosecute related crimes. There must be no impunity, regardless of the perpetrator. On 30 June, President Trump signed an executive order that terminated the United States-Syria sanctions programme, while allowing us to maintain sanctions where appropriate, including against Bashar Al-Assad, his associates, the Islamic State in Iraq and the Sham (ISIS) and other terrorist organizations, as well as other destabilizing regional actors. Consistent with the President’s executive order, the Department of State revoked the foreign terrorist organization designation of Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham, effective 8 July. This action followed the announced dissolution of Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham and the Syrian Government’s commitment to combat terrorism in all its forms, and it is an important step in fulfilling President Trump’s vision of a stable, unified and peaceful Syria. The President made clear that we are easing sanctions in order to give Syrians the chance they deserve at greatness. Success is not guaranteed. That is why we are working with Council members to review the Syria-related designations on resolution 1267 (1999) sanctions list. In doing so, we believe that the Security Council should focus on two objectives. First, the Council should ensure United Nations sanctions do not inhibit Syrian or international efforts to rebuild and stabilize the country. Those who seek to provide legitimate investment or assistance, including United Nations agencies, should not be cowed by fear of United Nations sanctions. Secondly, the Council should ensure that the 1267 sanctions regime fulfils its intended purpose: countering Al-Qaida and the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The Syrian Government has made a clear commitment to combat Al-Qaida and ISIL, and both groups are equally clear that they oppose the new Government and are threatening to destroy it. Council members should not take those threats lightly. The Council can — and must — adjust its sanctions so that the Syrian Government can prevail in the fight against terrorism, while keeping the most dangerous and unrepentant actors designated. In parallel, we will continue to work with partners in the region to ensure that ISIS and other terrorist organizations are unable to benefit from Syria’s reintegration into the global economy. We understand that the Secretary-General’s strategic assessment report on Syria has been finalized. We look forward to the Secretariat sharing and discussing it with Council members. We are following this issue with great interest, and the Council must consider the best way to shape and support the Organization’s continued presence in Syria in order to support the Syrian Government and people.

I would like to thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Director Wosornu for their briefings, and I welcome the representatives from Syria, Norway, Türkiye, Tunisia and Iran to today’s meeting. The situation in Syria remains complex and fragile, with serious challenges ahead. The recent intense armed clashes and vicious violence in Suwayda’, in southern Syria, have resulted in major civilian casualties, eliciting grave concern from the international community. All parties in Syria should act in the fundamental interests of Syria and its people, work together towards the same goals and make joint efforts to achieve security, stability and socioeconomic recovery. I would like to make three points in that regard. First, it is imperative to make progress in the political transition. Syria is grappling with deep-rooted intercommunal and religious tensions. Resolution 2254 Parties to the Suwayda’ conflict must strictly observe the agreed ceasefire and refrain from further hostilities. Armed personnel from all factions must comply with international humanitarian law and cease attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure. China takes note of the Syrian interim authorities’ commitment to thoroughly investigating all violations and holding perpetrators accountable. We look forward to Syria conducting transparent, credible and responsible investigations and enacting accountability measures in order to deliver justice to the victims. Secondly, it is imperative to firmly combat terrorism. The report of the Committee established pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities indicates that foreign terrorist fighters incite extremist ideologies and that their integration into the army poses a grave risk to Syria’s internal security and stability. There are reports that the foreign terrorist fighters responsible for violence along the western coast were also involved in crimes in Suwayda. These developments demonstrate that condoning terrorists is dangerous and will inevitably bring deep suffering to the people of Syria and the region. We urge the Syrian interim authorities to take robust measures to resolutely combat all terrorist groups listed by the Security Council, including the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement. Thirdly, Syria’s sovereignty, security and territorial integrity must be respected. China condemns Israel’s attacks on Syria. The Golan region is internationally recognized as occupied Syrian territory, and Israel’s occupation of the Golan is entirely invalid. Israel should withdraw from Syrian territory without delay, the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces should be observed, and the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force should be allowed to fulfil its mandate. At present, the Middle East remains a turbulent and volatile region beset by a succession of conflicts and confrontations. The Palestinian question lies at the heart of the Middle East issue. As the High-level International Conference for the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution opens this week, China looks forward to its positive outcomes and expects it to inject strong impetus into the implementation of the two-State solution and create favourable conditions for ending conflicts in the region. China stands ready to work with the international community to play a constructive role in achieving lasting peace and stability in Syria and restoring peace and stability in the Middle East.

I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the three African members of the Security Council, namely, Sierra Leone, Somalia and my own country, Algeria, as well as Guyana (A3+). At the outset, the A3+ extends its sincere appreciation to Special Envoy Geir Pedersen and Ms. Edem Wosornu for their briefings. The situation in Syria remains fragile, as demonstrated by the recent cycle of violence in Suwayda Province. The A3+ firmly condemns all acts of violence against civilians and calls for thorough and transparent investigations into all incidents to ensure the accountability of those responsible. These events underline the urgent need for inclusive national dialogue and reconciliation to lay the foundation for lasting The A3+ expresses concern about the use of hate speech and the growing trend of addressing Syrians based on ethnic or religious identity. Such discourse undermines national unity and jeopardizes long-term peace in Syria. Inclusivity, national reconciliation and social cohesion are essential for a stable Syria. The A3+ emphasizes the importance of protecting communities. Attempts to exploit their grievances for geopolitical gain must be resisted collectively. The A3+ also takes note of the findings of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic regarding crimes in the coastal region and demands that all those implicated be brought to justice. Justice and accountability must be the foundation for healing and rebuilding in Syria. We reiterate our support for a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process, effectively facilitated by the United Nations and leading to a political transition that reflects the legitimate aspirations of all Syrians, including women and youth, and ensures their full participation in shaping the country’s future. We renew our strong support for the United Nations and for the efforts of the Special Envoy, whose role remains crucial. The A3+ urges all regional and international actors to avoid turning Syria into an arena of confrontation and instead to contribute constructively to peace and recovery. We reaffirm our steadfast support for Syria’s sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity, and we express serious concern about Israel’s repeated violations of Syrian sovereignty. The A3+ strongly condemns such violations and the military operations being carried out in violation of international law, including Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations. We call for the full implementation of the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces and reiterate that the occupied Syrian Golan is Syrian territory, as reaffirmed by resolution 497 (1981). We demand a complete end to Israel’s incursions and its full withdrawal from the occupied areas. We demand that the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force be allowed to carry out its mandated activities free of impediments and that there should be no military activity of any kind in the area of separation. The humanitarian situation in Syria remains catastrophic, worsened by drought- like conditions, wildfires and the renewed fighting in Suwayda. At the same time, funding for the humanitarian response remains woefully inadequate. Today Syria is a country in ruins — a nation in urgent need of international support to rebuild its infrastructure, economy and institutions. The A3+ calls on the international community to intensify efforts towards Syria’s recovery. There can be no sustainable peace without sustainable development. Despite the aforementioned challenges, the flame of hope in Syria has not been extinguished. Let us work together to keep it alive. The path to peace may be long and labourious, but we trust in the resilience and determination of the Syrian people. To them we say that the A3+, namely Somalia, Sierra Leone, Guyana and Algeria, stand with them, unwavering in our support and solidarity.

We thank the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General, Mr. Geir Pedersen, and the Director of Operations and Advocacy, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Ms. Edem Wosornu, for their respective briefings. Panama wishes to express its concern at the ongoing deterioration of the situation in Syria, mired in sectarian violence and a relentless cycle of retaliation, which only sow pain and perpetuate human suffering. Recent events in Suwayda, which deserve We reiterate that the proliferation of non-State armed actors and the fragmentation of security bodies highlights the urgency of establishing a single, professional security apparatus that is unified, subject to the rule of law and bears the responsibility for using force. It is equally crucial for the interim authorities to be robust in addressing the persistent threat from foreign fighters and terrorist groups, which continue to operate in Syria, including remnants of Da’esh. We reiterate our concern at the most recent reports by the Council’s Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team, which warn that those cells’ activity continues to pose a considerable challenge in certain parts of the country. As long as the internal divisions conducive to their action persist, these extremists will continue to represent a significant challenge to stability at both the national and regional levels. Similarly, a credible transitional justice process, grounded in truth, remembrance and reparation, to address the violations by State or non-State actors, will be essential to preventing a repetition of those atrocities. The consolidation of an independent and functioning judicial system is indispensable to securing accountability for alleged extrajudicial executions, torture and degrading treatment of civilians. Despite this complex state of affairs, Panama notes the recent announcement about the holding of parliamentary elections in September as a significant stride in the political transition process, which will hopefully take an organized and transparent course so as to be credible. Likewise, we highlight the progress in terms of accountability, as set out in the report presented by the national commission of inquiry into the events that took place between 6 and 9 March in coastal areas of the country. The identification of almost 300 alleged perpetrators and arrests of some of them are significant steps. In a similar vein, we underscore the fundamental value of the regional support shown by Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Türkiye for reconstruction efforts. These commitments, together with the recent measures aimed at lifting sanctions, represent a step in the right direction and reflect the constructive spirit that must guide the international community in its task of supporting the Syrian people in their reconstruction process. The recent meeting in Paris between senior Syrian and Israeli representatives, facilitated by the United States, is also a sign of political will, showing that dialogue is the only way to achieve mutual security. It is therefore necessary for the Council to continue working with the Syrian interim authorities and all regional actors so that resources are channelled into a robust and transparent institutional climate focused on the real needs of the population. When Panama speaks of Syria, it pays no heed to labels, such as Druze, Alawi, Kurdish, Sunni or Christian. Instead, we acknowledge, first and foremost, Syrians — free and equal men and women, and citizens vested with inalienable human rights. Now, when the focus is on pointing to differences in Syria, Panama chooses to draw attention to the richness that lies in its diversity and resilience but, above all, we value the capacity of a people to recognize within itself that which unites it rather than that which divides it. Since the last emergency briefing (see S/PV.9960), initial reports on the sectarian violence in southern Syria have revealed horrific snapshots, while the security landscape remains fragile. Let me highlight three points. First, all perpetrators of sectarian violence should be held accountable regardless of their affiliations. Disturbing video clips of extrajudicial killings and sectarian abuse and insults have once again shown that without a clear picture of how perpetrators will be held accountable, atrocities will be repeated. In this regard, we take note of the recent findings of the fact-finding committee for investigating the coastal massacre, which highlighted Damascus’ lack of effective control during the incident and recommended following up vis-à-vis the perpetrators. Having said that, we believe that those entities responsible should be clearly named, at least in the ensuing prosecutions, which could prohibit perpetrators from feeling a sense of impunity. Likewise, given the fact that the transitional Government will launch an investigation into the Suwayda violence, we look forward to comprehensive and unambiguous findings that can help to alleviate the pain of the communities affected. Secondly, we urge Damascus to urgently translate its commitment to an inclusive transition into genuine and concrete actions. From the coastal massacre to the Suwayda bloodshed, the spectre of sectarian violence in Syria has left minority communities with impending horrors and existential pains. Such unacceptable violence demands a truly inclusive political process and elevated protection for vulnerable communities in response, so that trust can be rebuilt and they can be more assured of their safe future in Syria. The first step in this regard is formulating an electoral system that truly represents all Syrians. It should be constructed in such a manner that all sects have a right to choose their own representatives, and all of their voices are reflected in the law-making process. We hope the Supreme Committee for Elections to the People’s Assembly will announce, in due course, an inclusive electoral system that does not leave any minorities or areas behind. We also urge it to leverage the technical expertise of the United Nations and incorporate its advice in its planning. Thirdly, the current turmoil should not divert our attention away from the prolonged humanitarian crises in the country. The violence in Suwayda has aggravated the already challenging humanitarian situation, leaving residents deprived of basic needs, including water, electricity and basic supplies. Meanwhile, only 18 per cent of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs appeal for humanitarian response has been met, straining the capacity of humanitarian workers’ efforts. In this regard, the Republic of Korea has provided $35 million in humanitarian assistance this year, through relevant international organizations, with a focus on the recovery and resilience of the conflict-affected populations. We hope that this contribution will alleviate the suffering of the victims and bereaved families affected by the recent violence.

I also wish to add my thanks to Special Envoy Pedersen and Director Wosornu for their briefings, and I welcome the representative of Syria to this meeting. I would like to make the following three points. First, we reiterate our urgent call for an immediate cessation of violence across Syria. We are deeply alarmed by, and strongly condemn, the widespread violence reported in Syria’s coastal region in March, in the south in May and, most recently, the violence in Suwayda. Reports of high numbers of civilian casualties; summary executions and arbitrary killings; abductions of women; attacks on civilian Secondly, accountability is essential, not only for victims and survivors, but also to deter revenge-driven violence and to break the cycle of impunity. Recent and past incidents demand immediate, transparent investigations and robust follow-up actions, in line with international law and standards. In this regard, we encourage the Syrian authorities to maintain active cooperation with relevant United Nations bodies and other States in order to benefit from their expertise and resources. The recent terrorist attack on the Mar Elias Church underscores that terrorism continues to be a serious threat in Syria. We expect the interim authorities to live up to their stated commitment to countering and preventing terrorism and extremism. There must be no space left for its resurgence in Syria. The interim authorities also bear the responsibility for taking the necessary steps towards disarmament, demobilization and the restructuring of national security forces, in line with international norms and standards. Thirdly, a swift, peaceful, Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process and transition are vital for transforming long-standing grievances into peaceful political participation. In order to succeed, this process must be inclusive and transparent, with the full, safe, equal and meaningful participation of women. We encourage the transitional authorities to uphold these core principles, including when it comes to parliamentary elections, which have been announced for September. Every Syrian deserves a voice and a seat at the table in shaping their country’s future, and any electoral process must be safe for all Syrians, at all stages. In conclusion, as we heard from the briefers, the Syrian people continue to face immense political, security, economic and humanitarian challenges, as they strive to rebuild their lives and lay the foundations for a new Syria. Slovenia supports the efforts of the United Nations, particularly those of Special Envoy Pedersen, whose work remains instrumental in helping the Syrian authorities towards a more inclusive and representative future, in the spirit of the principles of resolution 2254 (2015).

Allow me to start by thanking Special Envoy Pedersen and Director Wosornu for their briefings. I also welcome the representative of Syria to this meeting. I wish to highlight the following four points today. First, as the security landscape in Syria remains fragile, there is no room for sectarian divisions. It has been only a few days since the latest outbreak of violence in Suwayda, in which hundreds of civilians have reportedly been killed or injured and thousands more have been displaced. We deeply regret that these attacks have become another link in the chain of sectarian violence in the country, following the recent attack against the Greek Catholic Church of Mar Michael in Sawara, the terrorist bombing attack against the Greek Orthodox Church of Mar Elias in June and Syrians, united through their deep-rooted history and vibrant heritage, based on cultural and religious diversity, must overcome violence and extremism in all their manifestations. It is clear that there is no room for sectarian violence or hate rhetoric against any ethnic and religious groups of Syrian society. It is also clear that the transitional authorities must guarantee security for all Syrians and hold the perpetrators of these deplorable events accountable, promptly and without delay. We take note of the ceasefire reached on 19 July. However, the situation, volatile as it remains, requires that the agreement be fully respected. This is a prerequisite for the restoration of peace and for the success of Syria’s political transition and reconstruction. Cooperation with the United Nations is equally important, as the humanitarian needs in Suwayda and across the country remain high. This brings me to my second point. Greece, along with the United Nations and the international community, is committed to providing humanitarian assistance to those that need it and to contributing effectively to the reconstruction of Syria. However, humanitarian aid remains limited, as 16 million people are currently in acute need of support, health facilities operate under extremely precarious conditions, food insecurity and lack of water persist and the overall needs for recovery and reconstruction remain immense. Greece is ready to contribute with all means necessary. In the same spirit, the European Union was swift in lifting sanctions, as part of a gradual, conditional and reversible approach, in order to support Syria. We shall continue to closely monitor developments on the basis of concrete progress on accountability, inclusiveness of the political process and continuous respect for international law. We need to ensure that the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of Syrian refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes becomes a viable option for them. Thirdly, Greece supports a fully inclusive political transition, in line with the principles of resolution 2254 (2015). All Syrians deserve a future shielded from ethnic and religious fragmentation, with representatives of all communities and components within the Government and a new Constitution echoing all the voices of Syrian society. In the same spirit, the March agreement with the Syrian Democratic Forces must be carefully implemented by both sides in the framework of an environment of guaranteed security for all, with no interference from outside actors. Similarly, the integration of all armed groups into national security forces, combined with a sustainable solution to the issue of foreign fighters, is critical for the establishment of a stable security environment in the country. Terrorist and extremist elements cannot and must not have a place in Syria’s future. Fourthly, respect for international law, including the international law of the sea, is a key prerequisite for the successful integration of any country into the international community. After all, international law constitutes our collective compass and is the cornerstone for the establishment of amicable and strong relations among States. The sovereign rights of neighbouring countries, both on land and at sea, must be respected at all times in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which constitutes customary international law. The recent outbreak of violence in Suwayda’ was another stark reminder of the pressing need to maintain and protect the rich and diverse ethnic and religious mosaic of the country. Greece fully supports Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and

At the outset, I would like to thank Mr. Geir Pedersen, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria, and Ms. Edem Wosornu, Director of Operations and Advocacy, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, for their briefings. After more than 50 years of dictatorship and war, the transition to a Syria at peace with itself and its region remains fragile. Syrians need the full support of the international community to overcome these difficulties. It was against that backdrop that the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France met his Syrian counterpart and the American Special Envoy in Paris on Friday to discuss the current transition. I would like to underline three priorities to protect and ensure the success of the Syrian transition. The most urgent priority is to restore civil peace. The violence in the Suwayda’ region was a reminder that tensions within Syrian society remain high. It is up to the transitional Syrian authorities to demonstrate their ability to ensure the protection of all Syrians, without distinction. The ceasefire must be respected. Light must be shed on the abuses committed against civilians. This violence calls for an acceleration in the implementation of 10 March agreement between the Syrian transitional authorities and the representatives of north-eastern Syria, in order to restore Syria’s unity in a peaceful manner. France will do everything in its power to facilitate exchanges along these lines and will shortly be hosting discussions in Paris between the parties with a view to reaching an agreement. Everyone must find their place in the new Syria, and we call on the Syrian authorities to build the political solutions needed to achieve this. The resurgence of terrorism on Syrian soil is another major challenge. The 23 June attack on Mar Elias Church was a reminder of the persistence of this threat. The Syrian authorities must make clear public commitments and take all necessary measures to continue the fight against terrorism. France is ready to help. Finally, neighbouring countries can help Syria to become a hub of stability in the region. We call on Israel to respect Syria’s sovereignty and to pursue peaceful relations with its neighbours. That requires putting an end to its military activities on Syrian territory and to withdraw from the separation zone established by the 1974 Disengagement Agreement. France welcomes the Paris talks held on Thursday between Israelis and Syrians. The second priority is to lay the foundations for a stable and inclusive State. Positive developments can be welcomed in that regard. A national dialogue was held and should continue. A provisional constitutional declaration has been drafted. As underscored by the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General, the Syrian authorities must now move ahead with the appointment of a provisional legislative assembly, which is essential if the country is to adopt the reforms it needs. At every stage, the involvement of all Syrians must guide the implementation of the transition. The establishment of a country-wide transitional justice process is another key aspect. The announcement of the conclusions of the commission of inquiry into the massacres committed on the Syrian coast in early March is a first step that demonstrates the Syrian authorities’ determination not to turn a blind eye to any abuses. The translation of these conclusions into a serious and fair judicial process should confirm the credibility of the commitments made by the Syrian authorities in this area. The United Nations also has a role to play in coordinating international efforts. On the political level, we support the efforts of Special Envoy Geir Pedersen to support the Syrian authorities in building an inclusive Syria, in the spirit of the principles of resolution 2254 (2015). On the humanitarian front, without the rehabilitation of basic services and massive humanitarian aid to the millions of Syrians who remain in need, there will be no economic recovery. Finally, the United Nations can provide technical expertise to support the Syrian authorities. The Secretariat’s strategic review should help to better articulate these different priorities. In conclusion, the possibility of building a new Syria raises legitimate hopes. It is a unique opportunity. Only resolute support from the international community will enable the Syrian people and the Syrian authorities to repel the war and dictatorship of recent years.

I shall now make a statement in my national capacity. Our thanks go to Special Envoy Pedersen and Director Wosornu for their comprehensive briefings. We appreciate and fully support their work. Inclusion, genuine dialogue, responding to the interests, safety and security and humanitarian needs of all Syrians and putting an end to destabilizing foreign intervention are the key takeaways from the twin briefings that we heard this morning. Syria is at a crossroads. After years of destruction, division and foreign interference, there are signs of movement towards political dialogue, national coordination, regional outreach and post-conflict recovery. Though inchoate and fragile, these developments carry significance for a country long deprived of stability and peace. We welcome the efforts to advance an inclusive, Syrian-led political process, reflected in the holding of the National Dialogue Conference, the adoption of an interim Constitution and the establishment of the supreme committee for elections. The announcement yesterday of the dates for the first parliamentary elections in September marks an important development. These steps deserve encouragement and international support. Equally, the recent easing of unilateral sanctions offers an opportunity to improve access to essential goods and services. This opportunity must be used constructively — to support Syria’s economic recovery and to ease the burden on its people. We also recognize the important role of regional actors in promoting Syria’s reintegration and stability. Yet, Syria continues to face interwoven challenges: a persistent humanitarian crisis, the ongoing threat of terrorism, repeated violations of its sovereignty and an external military presence, all of which complicate the path towards recovery. We express deep concern about the recent violence in Suwayda. In this regard, we welcome the ceasefire facilitated by the United States, Türkiye and Arab countries and call for its full implementation. It is imperative to stop all violence and to ensure justice and accountability. The humanitarian needs remain urgent. Food insecurity, displacement and collapsing infrastructure continue to drive suffering. Humanitarian support must be consistent and depoliticized — sufficient not only to meet immediate needs but also to help rebuild essential systems over time. We remain deeply concerned about violations of Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The recent Israeli air strikes in Suwayda, Dar’a and Damascus, and the reported military activity in the occupied Syrian Golan are clear violations On the security front, the threat of terrorism remains potent. The attack on Mar Elias Church in June was a stark reminder of how instability continues to be exploited by violent groups. A comprehensive counter-terrorism approach, including disarmament and reintegration efforts, must be part of any lasting solution. Syria needs time, space and international cooperation to move towards a peaceful future. The Council must support efforts that uphold Syria’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence while helping its people to rebuild their lives with dignity. Pakistan reaffirms its strong solidarity with the Syrian people and remains committed to a peaceful, inclusive and sovereign Syria that reflects the will of its citizens. I resume my functions as President of the Council. I now give the floor to the representative of the Syrian Arab Republic.

I now give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Espen Barth Eide, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Norway.

Let me start by recognizing and thanking Special Envoy Geir Pedersen for his tireless efforts. In Syria, against all odds, there is hope. After more than 50 years of dictatorial rule and 14 years of war, the situation remains fragile. The recent violence in Suwayda is a stark reminder of this. Yet, amid the uncertainty, Syrians dare to imagine a different future. That is welcome news. The international community must do what it can to support the Syrian people and help to ensure Syria’s successful transition. I want to highlight three points. Secondly, Syria’s territorial integrity, independence and sovereignty must be respected. We have voiced our deep concerns about Israeli attacks compromising Syria’s territorial integrity. The attacks contribute to increased instability and tensions among groups inside Syria. A stable Syria with security for all is essential for stability in the Middle East. It is also important that Syria not become a breeding ground for extremism — a threat to both the region and to neighbouring Europe. My last point is that, as the country enters a critical phase of transition, it is imperative that all Syrians be represented, protected and empowered to be part of shaping their own future. Now is the time for a truly inclusive transition. The aim is for all Syrians to feel safe and to experience governance that includes everyone — in which women can fully participate and in which a vibrant civil society can thrive. The future of Syria is being shaped today. We recognize the steps already taken by the Syrian Government in assuming responsibility for the country’s future. It is now essential to continue building on this foundation by advancing an inclusive process, ensuring that the Syrian people are empowered to shape their future and to contribute to a democratic and sustainable Syria in which human rights are upheld.

I now give the floor to the representative of Türkiye.

On 8 December 2024, Syria started to navigate a historic transformation. After 14 years of suffering, the Syrian people now have a chance for enduring peace and stability. During the past almost eight months, the new Syrian Government has faced numerous challenges in its quest to make Syria stand on its own feet again. Those challenges have been thwarted as a result of the unity displayed by the Syrian people, the determination of neighbouring countries and the supportive stance of the United States of America, the European Union, the League of Arab States, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, United Nations agencies and other important stakeholders. Syria has achieved remarkable progress since the revolution. Notwithstanding the necessity to commence an international early recovery mobilization, the return of Syrians to their homeland continues at a good pace. The Syrian leadership has shown its commitment to an inclusive political transition and national reconciliation, under new Syrian ownership. It has taken concrete measures to bring together all components of Syrian society on the basis of equal citizenship. The Syrian Government remains committed to ensuring transitional justice through established national mechanisms. The satisfactory level of cooperation initiated with the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons is also noteworthy. The Syrian Government continues From the start, Türkiye has supported Syria’s efforts for peace, recovery and reconstruction. Many countries have taken a similar approach. We observe growing international alignment in this direction. This should certainly be maintained. Türkiye has consistently advocated for the lifting of sanctions on Syria. We welcome the progress achieved so far to this end. The positive impact of this is already visible on the ground. It is important to maintain momentum towards the lifting of sanctions and continued engagement with the Syrian Government towards enhanced security and economic development in Syria. This promising outlook did not sit well with Israel, which apparently has been active in countering these efforts. The episode in Suwayda took a dangerous turn owing to unprovoked Israeli attacks against the Syrian Government and its authority. Israel’s disregard for law, order and State sovereignty reached a new height with its recent attacks on the presidential complex and the Ministry of Defence. The situation has partially improved as a result of our collective efforts with the United States and some other countries. From now on, it is important to ensure continued de-escalation and Israeli non-aggression, support for the Syrian Government’s efforts to restore calm in Suwayda and to prevent civilian casualties, solidarity with the Syrian Government to hold accountable those triggering violence in Suwayda and humanitarian assistance for those in need. As the Syrian Government undergoes a very difficult and delicate process, sustained support for Damascus and denying room to malign and opportunist actors are ever more important. Some elements within Syria might be inclined to draw the wrong lessons from the episode in Suwayda. The Syrian Democratic Forces are certainly one of them. No one should be encouraged to abuse certain hiccups to drag the country towards disunity and disintegration. Türkiye firmly believes that the unity of the Syrian people will overcome all challenges, because a precious once-in-a-generation opportunity is in their hands to bring about a peaceful, stable and prosperous country, to their benefit and to the benefit of the region. We should stand firmly in solidarity with the Government and people of Syria to ensure that the old Syria, whose name had become synonymous with a failed narco-State exporting instability, terrorism and mass migration, is forever kept locked in history.

I now give the floor to the representative of Tunisia.

At the outset, I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of Arab States. We express our deep appreciation, Mr. President, for your excellent stewardship of the meetings of the Council this month. The Syrian Arab Republic is passing through a pivotal phase, characterized by multifaceted challenges and exacerbated by the repercussions of war, economic collapse and complex regional and international circumstances. Amid this extremely sensitive context, the Arab Group reaffirms its firm commitment to the unity, sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Syria. We categorically reject any external interference in its internal affairs or attempts to impose agendas that do not serve the interests of the Syrian people. The Arab Group condemns in the strongest terms the brutal Zionist aggression on Syrian territories, including the recent bombing of the capital, Damascus. These attacks targeted sensitive civilian and military installations, leading to civilian We hold the occupation authorities fully responsible for this systematic escalation. The Group calls on the Security Council to take urgent action to curb these violations and to compel the occupying entity to cease its aggressions, respect the sovereignty of Syria and fully and unconditionally withdraw from the occupied Syrian Arab Golan. The Group also calls upon the occupying Power to respect the relevant Security Council resolutions, foremost of which are resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) and 497 (1981), all of which affirm the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territories by force and the unity and territorial integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic. The Group stresses the need to compel the occupying Power to respect the 1974 Disengagement Agreement. In that context, the Group reaffirms the need to end the Zionist occupation and support the peace process in order to achieve security and stability in the region in accordance with international legitimacy. The Arab Group stresses the importance of advancing a political solution in Syria through a purely intra-Syrian process, sponsored by the United Nations, free from any external interference. We also warn against attempts to undermine this process through acts of aggression or interventions that seek to impose new and illegal realities on the ground. The Arab Group believes that an inclusive national dialogue is the only way to ensure a secure and stable future for Syria, which requires an enabling environment, free from foreign interference that would undermine any real chance of achieving national reconciliation. The Group stresses the importance it attaches to the elimination of the threat of terrorism. Syria is facing unprecedented humanitarian and economic challenges that require an urgent and comprehensive international response. In that context, the Arab Group stresses the need to strengthen humanitarian action and calls on the international community to increase funding for the humanitarian response plan. The plan is still suffering from a significant deficit, which reflects negatively on the ability of United Nations agencies to provide basic assistance to Syrians inside and outside the country. The Group also stresses that the provision of urgent humanitarian support alone is not enough. All economic restrictions imposed on Syria, which deepen the suffering and impede national recovery efforts and the resumption of the path of reconstruction and development, must be lifted. In that context, the Group welcomes the announcements made by some international parties regarding the lifting of sanctions and considers them positive initial steps that must be complemented by the full and immediate lifting of economic measures that negatively affect the lives of civilians and impede reconstruction. The humanitarian situation in Syria requires urgent attention from the international community in support of the efforts of the brotherly Syrian people to rebuild their country and invest in economic recovery and early-recovery projects in a way that contributes to meeting the basic needs of Syrians and creating conditions conducive to the voluntary, dignified and safe return of refugees and displaced persons. In that context, we affirm that the countries hosting Syrian refugees cannot bear the burden of hosting them alone. The international community must provide the necessary financial and technical support to ensure that these countries can continue to play their humanitarian role until the full and safe return of all refugees is achieved. The Group also reaffirms that Syria’s security and stability are an integral part of regional and global security and that preserving the unity of Syria and its national institutions is the only effective way to fight terrorism and block external projects aimed at destabilizing the region. The Arab Group calls on the Security Council to shoulder its responsibilities to stop the Zionist aggression, support the peace process and provide all forms of support to the Syrian people in their quest for security, stability and development.

I now give the floor to the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

We thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Ms. Wosornu, Director of Operations and Advocacy of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), for their insightful briefings on the situation in Syria. I wish to make the following points in that regard. First, the Islamic Republic of Iran reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic. We strongly oppose any attempt — direct or indirect — to undermine Syria’s national sovereignty or to fragment its territory. In that regard, we warn against Israel’s dangerous and destabilizing agenda aimed at detaching Syria’s southern provinces from the authority of the central Government. Such illegal actions constitute a clear violation of international law, the Charter of the United Nations and the relevant Security Council resolutions, and they threaten regional stability. The Council must decisively reject all such schemes and reaffirm its commitment to the principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter. Secondly, we are deeply alarmed by the recent outbreak of violence in Suwayda’, which resulted in the loss of civilian lives and damage to critical infrastructure. We express our support for the interim Government’s efforts to restore stability and urge a prompt, transparent investigation conducted in full accordance with the rule of law. We also take note of the findings related to the mass killings of Alawites in Ladhiqiyah and Tartus. Accountability must be ensured for these crimes, as well. In addressing both the violence in Suwayda’ and the coastal attacks targeting Alawite communities, we emphasize that justice must be pursued through credible mechanisms free from foreign interference and political manipulation. Thirdly, we urge full respect for the rights of all minorities and the resolution of internal differences through inclusive dialogue. Sectarian violence undermines public trust in the political transition, which must remain inclusive and nationally owned. A unified and diverse Syria is essential for lasting peace and stability. Fourthly, the recent Israeli air strikes and acts of aggression targeting Damascus and southern Syria are not only a blatant violation of international law and the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Syria, but also undermine the fragile political process, further complicating efforts towards dialogue and settlement. Israel’s illegal occupation of the Syrian Golan and its continued violations of Security Council resolutions must end. The Council cannot remain indifferent to such aggression. Fifthly, on the humanitarian situation, we remain gravely concerned about the worsening situation in Suwayda’ and other regions. The shortages of food, water, Sixthly, we welcome all steps towards lifting the illegal, unilateral sanctions imposed on the Syrian people. These unlawful actions have severely exacerbated the humanitarian crisis, hindered reconstruction efforts and crippled economic recovery. The removal of those sanctions is essential to enable Syria’s reconstruction and to create conditions conducive to the safe and dignified return of refugees and internally displaced persons. However, the lifting of sanctions must not be used as a tool of political coercion or tied to interference in Syria’s internal affairs. Finally, there is no military solution to the Syrian crisis. The only viable path forward is through a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process facilitated by the United Nations and based on the core principles outlined in resolution 2254 (2015). We support continued inclusive dialogue that respects Syria’s sovereignty and national institutions and promotes reconciliation among all segments of society. The Islamic Republic of Iran remains fully committed to working constructively with the United Nations and regional partners to support peace, justice and the full recovery of Syria, free from occupation, terrorism and foreign interference.

There are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers. I now invite Council members to informal consultations to continue our discussion on the subject.