S/PV.9983 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Security Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic and Türkiye to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the following briefers to participate in this meeting: Mr. Geir Pedersen, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria; and Mr. Tom Fletcher, Under-Secretary- General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I give the floor to Mr. Pedersen. Mr. Pedersen: As we meet today, Syrians in Damascus and elsewhere, inside and outside Syria, are marking the sombre anniversary of the Ghouta chemical weapons attack of 2013 — a painful reminder of the suffering endured by Syrian civilians and of the grave abuses and violations of international law that must never be repeated. As we reflect, I urge the Council to redouble its efforts towards accountability, protection of civilians and renewed commitment to helping Syria emerge from a dark past towards a brighter future. Turning to this month’s developments, let me at the outset welcome the clear and united message from the Security Council in its presidential statement (S/PRST/2025/6) of 10 August, following last month’s horrific escalation in Suwayda. While violence there has largely subsided following a ceasefire, the threat of renewed conflict is ever-present — as are the political centrifugal forces that threaten Syria’s sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity. In Suwayda, the ceasefire agreed on 19 July has come under strain, but, thus far, has prevented a slide back into open conflict. I welcome the efforts of the United States of America, Jordan and Syrian authorities in forming a trilateral working group to support the ceasefire. That said, we are still seeing dangerous hostilities and skirmishes on the margins of Suwayda, and violence could resume at any moment. Absent more tangible and binding measures, including to build confidence, the ceasefire risks remaining fragile — an interim truce rather than the foundation for lasting stability. Israel’s air strikes have subsided following the latest ceasefire, but Israel Defense Forces ground operations in south-west Syria have continued. Such actions are unacceptable. We must insist on full respect for Syria’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, underscored by adherence to the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces. I welcome the ministerial-level meeting between Syria and Israel in Paris this week. There is clear scope to address the issues diplomatically and without further confrontation. Tragically, the humanitarian cost of recent violence has only escalated. More than 185,000 people have been displaced across Suwayda, Dar’a, and rural Damascus and beyond. Many are living in precarious conditions, with extensive damage to infrastructure compounding their plight. I am concerned that a month of relative military calm belies a worsening political climate, with escalatory and zero-sum rhetoric hardening among many. Part of this has been fuelled by the emergence of further distressing footage of graphic abuses that took place inside Suwayda during the escalation. At the same time, the formation of a committee to oversee governance inside Suwayda and some individual appeals for support from external parties have fuelled accusations of separatist intentions. We are closely monitoring the situation in Suwayda and remaining in contact with the parties and communities concerned and encouraging steps towards de-escalation and access. We note the interim authorities’ response to Suwayda, including a statement of condemnation after footage emerged showing the execution of an unarmed man in a medical uniform in Suwayda National Hospital. The interim Ministry of Justice also announced the formation of a fact-finding committee, tasked with investigating the abuses committed in Suwayda. It is essential that the committee’s findings be made fully public, and that all perpetrators, regardless of affiliation, be held responsible. These events underscore the urgent need for the interim authorities’ security forces to demonstrate that they are acting solely to protect all Syrians and do not constitute a threat. Moreover, leaders on all sides must take responsibility for countering divisive narratives and promoting a shared vision that reflects the rights and security of all communities in Syria. The recent report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic (A/HRC/58/66) documents ongoing violations in coastal and western central Syria throughout the first months of 2025. The interim authorities have publicly acknowledged this report. Its own conclusions underlined the urgent need for transitional justice measures. Progress cannot be delayed. The separate report submitted last month to President Al-Sharaa by the national committee for investigation and fact-finding must be published. Justice for victims and accountability for all perpetrators, regardless of affiliation, are binding obligations under international laws and standards and under the constitutional declaration. If future violence and violations are to be avoided, a serious programme on security sector reform and on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration is clearly needed, as also called for in the Commission of Inquiry report. Let me join you, Mr. President, and the Security Council in underlining the importance of countering all forms of terrorism in Syria and expressing grave concern about the acute threat posed by foreign terrorist fighters at large in Syria. The Syrian authorities have made commitments and taken actions to counter the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and Al-Qaida, and it is vital that they take decisive measures to address the threat posed by foreign terrorist fighters. As the Council reaffirmed, an inclusive, Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process based on the key principles listed in resolution 2254 (2015) is essential — a process that safeguards the rights of all, protects all, meets the legitimate aspirations of all and enables the Syrian people to determine their own future peacefully, independently and democratically. In that regard, I note yesterday’s publication of the decree that establishes a framework for holding indirect elections for two-thirds of the members of the interim People’s Assembly. My Office continues to engage with the Supreme Committee for Elections to the People’s Assembly on their work, and we now await confirmation Moreover, Syrians need to feel that this transition is not a series of ad hoc arrangements and isolated institutions, but a clear and comprehensive path, based on inclusion and transparency, to implement the principles of resolution 2254 (2015), culminating in a new constitution drafted through popular consensus and resulting in free and fair elections. I hope that the interim authorities can respond to the gravity of the challenge with a clear vision for a path forward, taking bold moves and course-corrections where necessary. As part of this process, I urge comprehensive and institutionalized engagement with all communities and leaders, including those critical of the interim authorities, in a spirit of real compromise. Equally, I remind the leadership of other Syrian constituencies and communities of their responsibility to show that they want to be part of a united Syria and are willing to engage — in action and not just in word — in a peaceful transition that restores Syrian sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity. Let me say a word on the north-east, where efforts continue to implement the 10 March agreement. Attempts to convene the two sides outside of Syria have continued but have not yet been successful. We have also seen concerning spikes of violence between interim security forces and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) during August in Aleppo governorate. We do welcome reported further contacts between interim authority officials and SDF representatives. I hope that such contacts can be cemented into real compromise, and we are continuing to engage with both sides on the importance of this and the need for urgent substantive progress on the agreed goal of implementing the 10 March agreement before the end of the year. My Office continues to hold regular consultations through the Civil Society Support Room with a broad range of Syrian civil society organizations active in strengthening community dialogue, social cohesion and service delivery in all parts of Syria. I encourage the interim authorities to create an enabling environment for civil society initiatives and dialogue, which are essential for promoting inclusion, transparency and legitimacy in the transitional process. My Office also hears from Syrian women who continue to stress the necessity of women’s meaningful political participation. But we also learn from these women the fears associated with their political participation and engagement, including concerns stemming from threats to personal security and social pressure to refrain from political engagement. As we look towards the voluntary, safe and dignified return of refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes, let me stress the need for sustained and coordinated support for Syria’s reconstruction and the rehabilitation of its infrastructure. The damage to physical assets, social systems and livelihoods remains profound. Syria needs tangible international support on an epic scale. Recent decisions to lift certain sanctions represent a significant step in that regard. But these measures must be sustained and broadened, accompanied by substantial funding to reinforce their impact, with a view to fostering recovery and reconstruction. In conclusion, despite worrisome security incidents, the situation has been relatively calm this month, and I applaud the efforts of all involved in quelling military hostilities. But the country remains deeply fragile, and the transition remains on a knife-edge. Across the range of issues in the political transition — including the People’s Assembly; constitutional issues; security sector reform and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration; transitional justice; and the peaceful integration of all parts of Syria and the restoration of Syria’s sovereignty and unity — the United Nations is working to support a credible, inclusive and transparent process, working with the Syrian authorities and all Syrians. The path to a sovereign, peaceful and inclusive Syria will demand the courage to compromise, the discipline to follow the rule of law and the wisdom to remember — as interim President Al-Sharaa himself said this week — that unity is built not through force and bloodshed, but through understanding and dialogue.

I thank Mr. Pedersen for his briefing. I now give the floor to Mr. Fletcher. Mr. Fletcher: Special Envoy Pedersen has conveyed the precarity of the moment. I want to reinforce that message and add four points. First, as the situation in Suwayda reminds us, the humanitarian crisis is not over. Across the Syrian Arab Republic, 16 million Syrians still need humanitarian support. While, as Council members heard, the ceasefire in Suwayda has largely held, sporadic clashes continue. Alarming reports of abuses during the earlier fighting continue to emerge. More than 185,000 people have been displaced across Suwayda, Dar’a, rural Damascus and beyond. This week, our teams have visited Suwayda city, Salkhad towns and the western countryside of the governorate. They delivered aid and assessed needs. The overall situation is, I am afraid, dire. We need to sustain the urgent delivery of food, health, shelter, clean water, fuel, restoration of water and electricity infrastructure and education. In some areas, those arriving now outnumber the existing population. Services are overwhelmed. We are in close contact with the Syrian authorities and are coordinating with the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, which has delivered 12 convoys of essential aid, and with non-governmental organization (NGO) partners. We have provided emergency food packages, flour and essential household items to tens of thousands of people, including displaced families. Medical kits are reaching key hospitals in Suwayda and Dar’a, while medical teams are providing health and nutrition services, and UNICEF is working with partners to provide bottled water, water trucking and fuel for water pumping. The Syrian Arab Red Crescent has also facilitated a commercial convoy with key supplies and worked with the Syrian Civil Defence to transport vulnerable people, including those who wish to return to Suwayda. But insecurity and road closures have disrupted commercial supply. Road access is still limited to two routes, through Busra al-Sham and Busra al-Harir in Dar’a. Other routes, including the main highway from Damascus, remain closed. Therefore, we need better humanitarian and commercial access, and most of all, we need safety. Aid convoys have come under fire this month. There have been attacks on health facilities, medics and ambulances. We continue working My second point is that, despite funding and security challenges, the United Nations and partners are delivering as much life-saving support as we can with the resources that we have. In Syria, as elsewhere, as we implement the humanitarian reset, we are now implementing a hyper-prioritized plan, and we have restructured and streamlined our humanitarian coordination effort in-country, including by reducing senior roles. We are reaching almost 3.5 million people on average every month across Syria, from Ladhiqiyah to Aleppo to Hasakah. That is a noticeable increase from last year, despite less funding. Since December last year, we have scaled up across the humanitarian response, including nutrition for children under 5 years of age who are stunted, and subsidized bread to 2 million people each day. We are working with the authorities to rebuild critical services. The Ministry of Health, with the World Health Organization and UNICEF, are delivering a new national immunization strategy and rehabilitating hospitals and health facilities. Partners are rehabilitating water stations, wells, laboratories and sewer networks. They continue to provide essential services in Al-Hol camp and to support families leaving the camp, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has been in discussions on assuming camp management activities. The country-based pooled funds of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs are now providing $75 million to support vulnerable people across the country. We have made some progress on NGO registration and visas for aid workers, but more is needed. I have agreed with the interim authorities the extension of cross border operations from Türkiye, as we move towards importing more humanitarian supplies commercially. The Lebanese and Jordanian crossings are open and functioning well, with work towards 24-hour access. But — and this is, of course, my third point — without more funding, we will not be able to sustain these vital efforts, let alone expand them to more people who need them. The humanitarian appeal for 2025 is only 14 per cent funded. Aid cuts are projected to lead to staffing cuts of at least 40 per cent across the humanitarian community in Syria, with NGOs hit hardest. Sixteen per cent of health facilities have suspended or reduced capacity, owing to the cuts. Therefore, I want to thank all donors who have generously supported the humanitarian response, led at the moment by the European Union (EU), Germany and Canada. And I want to call on all donors to keep supporting Syria and to disburse the generous pledges made at the Brussels Conference on Supporting the Future of Syria and the Region, held in March. Funding cuts are affecting our operations everywhere, of course. But among our 10 largest country appeals, it is the Syria appeal that is the lowest figure. And this is despite our hyper-prioritized plans having reduced the overall ask by nearly $1 billion compared to last year. With more resources, or even the funding that has been repeatedly promised, we can get critical medicine to 1 million more people each month, we can restore water services for an additional 5 million people, and we can expand services for people returning to their home areas. We have also worked with partners and in consultation with the interim Government to develop a plan to respond to the severe drought-like conditions that Syria is facing, as part of our broader appeal for critical support for food and agriculture, clean water and health services to the 4.3 million people who are most affected. This is, I am afraid, the worst drought in over three decades and an ominous indicator of needs to come. Alongside funding, we also welcome the easing of sanctions by the United States of America, the EU and the United Kingdom, which Finally, while we surge humanitarian support, we need investment in longer- term support for development and reconstruction that will allow the people of Syria to reduce and ultimately end reliance on humanitarian aid. Therefore, I strongly welcome the diplomatic progress made by Jordan, Türkiye, the United States, France, countries from the region and the Syrian authorities. This is a firm foundation for a much-needed shift from a humanitarian-led approach to a stronger development trajectory. The Syrian people do not want to depend on humanitarian help. Therefore, announcements of new investments in infrastructure and energy supply are encouraging not just in their own right, but also as a signal of confidence, from the region and beyond. The international community must help translate this momentum into tangible improvements in people’s lives by delivering on those planned projects, by taking additional concrete steps on sanctions relief and by investing in infrastructure. Such initiatives and investments are essential, as more than 2 million Syrian refugees and internally displaced people have returned home since December 2024. Let me amplify again the call from my colleague Filippo Grandi, High Commissioner for Refugees, following his mission to Syria two months ago, when he asked for more support for those coming back. As he said, returns will prove short-lived without increased international support. The international community — and the Council — have been clear that we must shift the momentum away from the years of hardship and destruction towards recovery and hope. That means sustained commitment, patient diplomacy and a relentless focus on delivery and implementation. The people of Syria do not need us to be commentators and problem observers. They need us to move with genuine urgency, generosity and purpose. The humanitarian community has shown that it can deliver. With funding and access, we aim to no longer be needed. Please back us. Therefore, my asks are political action to hold the peace in Suwayda and prevent future escalations of this kind; support for our funding and access requests; and help to create the conditions, including through investment and the lifting of sanctions, in which the humanitarian mission can transition to genuine, Syrian-led recovery and rebuilding. We need to do that for the Syrian people, but not just for Syria. This is a chance to demonstrate that international solidarity still matters and that coordinated international action still works.

I thank Mr. Fletcher for his briefing. I shall now give the floor to those members of the Council who wish to make statements.

I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under- Secretary-General Fletcher for their briefings. And I welcome the representative of the Syrian Government, who is with us today. Last week, the United States joined the members of the Security Council in strongly condemning the violence perpetrated against civilians in the Suwayda governorate, since July, and calling on all parties to adhere to the ceasefire arrangement (S/PRST/2025/6). We are also concerned by the more recent violence in Suwayda and are closely watching recent clashes in Manbij and Dayr al-Zawr. And we urge all parties to maintain calm. In that regard, we note the disturbing findings of the latest report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic on violence against civilians since January, and we express our appreciation for the work of the commissioners. We welcome the Syrian Government’s actions to conduct comprehensive investigations and hold accountable all perpetrators of the recent violence, as well as its steps to increase the flow of aid, restore public services and return displaced persons to their homes. We also welcome the Syrian Government’s pledge to fully cooperate with the United Nations to investigate crimes and to coordinate with the relevant United Nations agencies to support the flow of vital humanitarian aid. A united, representative Syria requires a consistent, transparent and credible justice system. It is now on the Syrian Government to take steps to arrest, detain and pursue measures against those individuals who committed crimes and who are actively contributing to Syria’s instability. The United States support for Syria’s sovereignty and territorial unity is unwavering. It is not our role to dictate the shape of Syria’s Government or Constitution. But following the recent tragedies on the coast and in the south, two things should be clear. First, there is absolutely no place for sectarian violence. The Syrian Government must act decisively and consistently to protect everyone, no matter their ethnicity or religion. There must be zero tolerance and swift justice for any member of Syria’s military that abuses the trust placed in them. Secondly, every Syrian deserves to have a voice in how their country is governed. The Syrian people fought for more than 13 years not just to rid themselves of Bashar Al-Assad, but also for the right to decide their own fate. The only way Syria will stabilize is if all Syrians have a stake in the country’s future and if they collectively share power. That is why we are urging the Syrian Government and leaders across the country to engage in meaningful dialogue about their shared future.

We would like to thank the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria, Mr. Geir Pedersen, and the Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, Mr. Tom Fletcher, for their detailed briefings on the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic. We have been carefully following the situation in friendly Syria and sincerely sympathize with the Syrian people, who have endured so many trials. Our relationship does not depend on the political situation but rather is rooted in the time-tested traditions of friendship and mutual respect, as confirmed by the visit to Moscow on 31 July by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates of the Syrian Arab Republic, Mr. Asaad Al-Shaibani. Unfortunately, the situation in Syria remains far from stable. The country continues to face challenges in virtually all areas, from difficulties in creating a new system of Government to a severe socioeconomic and humanitarian crisis. We are convinced that in order to overcome these challenges it is imperative to unite Syrian society and ensure national reconciliation. Without exaggeration, this will determine the future of Syrian statehood, which remains extremely fragile, especially in the face of ethnic and religious strife. This was clearly demonstrated by the recent tragic events in Suwayda. Along with the March massacre of Alawi on the western coast There are alarming signals from ethnic and religious minorities in Syria that they still do not feel secure, fear persecution on ethnic and religious grounds, are facing threats and violence, and are forced to flee en masse from their historical settlement areas. For example, in Suwayda, 200,000 people have been forced to leave. If this situa­ tion does not change, it will become a significant obstacle to national reconciliation and the restoration of the social contract in Syria and could undermine efforts to that end. All cases of ethnically and religiously motivated violence require thorough and impartial investigation, and the perpetrators must be held accountable. We are looking forward to the publication of the full report on the findings of the Commission of Inquiry established in the aftermath of numerous incidents of violence on the western coast of Syria. We hope to discuss that issue in detail in the Council. We expect the interim authorities in Syria to also respond to the statement by the President of the Security Council of 10 August, calling for a credible, swift, transparent, impartial, and comprehensive investigations into the events in Suwayda (S/PRST/2025/6). This is important for strengthening the authority of Damascus and building trust among the people of Syria. Impartial justice for all criminals and perpetrators, regardless of their position and status, should help restore the faith of the ethnic and religious minorities that the new authorities are protecting the interests and security of all Syrians, not just certain groups. Unfortunately, the level of the threat of terrorism in Syria remains high. The terrorist attack on 22 June against the Antioch Orthodox Church of the Prophet Elias in eastern Damascus, which killed more than 20 Syrians and wounded dozens more, deserves the strongest condemnation. We call on the Syrian authorities to step up their efforts to combat terrorism and to ensure the necessary protection of Orthodox and Christian holy sites and to bring all those responsible to justice. Another extremely important task facing Damascus in the area of State-building is the creation of sustainable State institutions. We note the measures being taken by the interim authorities, including the formation of a new Government. However, the experience of recent months has also demonstrated the urgent need for structural reform of the Syrian army and law enforcement agencies in order to ensure that they are staffed only by professionals who are not tainted by the blood of civilians and have no ties to terrorist groups. It is important not to abandon career military personnel who faithfully served their country until December 2024. Marginalizing them will only deepen the divisions in Syrian society and create fertile ground for revanchist sentiments. The example of Iraq shows us that the officers of Saddam Hussein’s army who were seeking revenge against those who had rejected them formed the backbone of the strike forces of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant. The inclusiveness of the political process, which all Security Council members are calling for, should include this aspect as well. No groups should be denied their rights, including those who served the country under the previous leadership. A political process led and owned by all Syrians without exception is a fundamental principle enshrined in resolution 2254 (2015) and remains fully relevant. We expect the measures taken by the interim authorities to be in line with this approach and the parliamentary elections scheduled for September to be inclusive, with all ethnic, religious and social groups having the opportunity to participate in forming the new legislative body. What also remains pressing in this context is the issue of reintegrating the Kurds into a unified Syrian State and implementing the agreement between the central authorities and the Euphrates region. Let us now move on to the humanitarian issue. Unfortunately, as Tom Fletcher reiterated today, the situation is still complicated owing to instability and cascading economic and social problems. We urge the United Nations and its specialized agencies to continue their active efforts to extend assistance to the population affected by ethno-religious violence in certain regions of Syria, restore infrastructure and ensure conditions for the safe return of civilians. For its part, we expect the Syrian interim Government to facilitate the unimpeded work of humanitarian organizations there and to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian workers. We are extremely alarmed by the information provided today by Tom Fletcher regarding attacks against humanitarian workers in the country. This is totally unacceptable. We support the initiative of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to deploy its presence in Suwayda. This should help to stabilize the situation and avoid relapses of violence. We trust that the Syrian authorities will provide the ICRC with the necessary assistance in addressing the issue. The lifting of unilateral sanctions, which have hindered the country’s development for many years, undoubtedly opens a window of opportunity. This is a step in the right direction. There is no denying that unilateral sanctions have long prevented Syria from moving forward and have in fact harmed only the Syrian people rather than politicians. However, lasting results are only possible through comprehensive measures geared towards the long term. In our view, such measures should be accompanied not only by efforts on the part of Syria itself but also by sufficient international assistance. We must discuss comprehensive and long-term support aimed at restoring key areas for viable statehood. What Syria needs is not just aid but a format for cooperation that could lay a solid foundation for the country’s future development, enabling it to independently ensure a decent standard of living for its citizens. According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, refugees are increasingly returning to Syria and internally displaced persons to their places of residence. Needless to say, this is a positive trend. At the same time, we consider it fundamentally important that this process be carried out strictly on the basis of the voluntary and informed choice of those who have decided to return, and their safety and security guarantees must be upheld. In addition, we expect the Syrian authorities, in cooperation with specialized United Nations agencies, to continue their efforts to remove obstacles to the return of refugees, including those related to the lack of basic services and jobs, which, as we understand, seriously complicates the possibility for people to start a new life. In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that Russia is a tried and tested friend of Syria, both in bilateral relations and in the global arena. We are happy to receive similar signals from the Syrians at this new stage in the country’s development. We are grateful to our Syrian colleagues for the steps that they are taking to ensure the safety and security of Russian citizens and Russian facilities in the Syrian Arab Republic. We also appreciate the fact that Syria has not forgotten the role played by the Soviet Union in setting the groundwork for the Syrian economy, strengthening its defence capabilities and training its national labour force. We are ready to continue providing

I would like to thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under- Secretary-General Fletcher for their briefings this morning, and I welcome the representative of Syria to this meeting. Allow me to make three points. First, there can be no meaningful political, humanitarian or development progress in Syria without security. It is the foundation of everything else. Denmark urges the parties to abide by the Suwayda ceasefire arrangement. We also call on the Syrian Democratic Forces and the transitional authorities to implement the March agreement, supported by the United States and France. We also note that terrorism continues to pose a serious threat. This was underscored only yesterday by the reported capture of senior Islamic State members during a raid in the north-west. We urge the transitional authorities, in seeking to maintain the security required across Syria, to protect all Syrians, regardless of race or religion. All armed actors must comply with their obligations under international human rights law and international humanitarian law. Secondly, while we have seen stabilization in parts of Syria, the humanitarian consequences of 14 years of war remain severe, as also highlighted by our briefers. Syria today hosts one of the largest humanitarian response operations in the world, of which Denmark is proud to remain a top donor, pledging around $95 million to the Syria crisis response this year. From Aleppo to Idlib, Homs and Hasakah, fragile and deeply degraded towns and cities remain in urgent need of rehabilitation, housing reconstruction and general humanitarian and protection support. Denmark is especially concerned about the recent violence in Suwayda and its humanitarian consequences. As we heard today, while there has been some progress in maintaining humanitarian access to and throughout Suwayda, there remains a pressing need for the greater protection of, and access to, the local population. Humanitarian staff and supplies in transit must also be guaranteed safety and unhindered access. Those who fled the violence must be able to safely return home. Local peacebuilding efforts will be crucial in reducing persistent intercommunal tensions and restoring calm. Denmark thanks all Council members for their constructive support over the past few weeks in agreeing a presidential statement on this crisis (S/PRST/2025/6). This statement not only highlighted the humanitarian and protection dimensions of the violence but also sent an important signal on the urgent need for credible and transparent investigations and accountability. We take note of the announcements made by the transitional authorities in this regard and believe it is urgent to take concrete measures to advance accountability, prevent further violence and rebuild trust among affected communities. This brings me to my final point. It is critical for the Syrian people to have a sense of unity, protection and the benefits of a political transition that brings a just and lasting peace. The future that Syrians want and deserve is one in which all people, without distinction, are afforded equal opportunities, and where all voices are heard. This is particularly crucial as we look towards the elections for the People’s Assembly. We urge the transitional authorities to ensure that this is conducted transparently and with support from international election observers. All Syrian communities must be represented in the new legislative body. The safe, secure and open participation of all members of Syrian society in these elections will demonstrate whether the transitional authorities are truly committed to a new and inclusive Syria.

I would also like to thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Fletcher for their detailed briefings, and I welcome the presence of the representative of Syria at this meeting. I wish to highlight the following three points today. First, Syria’s volatile security landscape requires urgent action. The Council’s presidential statement of 10 August (S/PRST/2025/6) strongly condemned the horrific violence in Suwayda, including mass killings and the displacement of more than 185,000 people. The escalation of local sectarian clashes was followed by disturbing reports of serious violations, including by security forces affiliated to the interim authorities, against Druze civilians. We were appalled by the shocking footage of medical staff being forced to kneel by armed men in military uniform inside a hospital in Suwayda, with one reportedly executed. Following the fragile ceasefire and the announced withdrawal of security forces, we take note of the interim presidency’s condemnation of abuses and its pledge of accountability. We expect this process to be credible, swift, transparent, impartial and effective. The overall security situation remains precarious. The terrorist threat persists, with sporadic bombings, including the recent attack on the Mar Elias Orthodox Church in Damascus, and earlier sectarian violence along the Syrian coast. We understand that the committee for investigation and fact-finding into those events has submitted its report to the Syrian presidency. We expect its contents to be shared with the Council, or made public, to ensure justice for victims and accountability for perpetrators, irrespective of affiliation and in line with international laws and standards. We are further alarmed by the findings of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry of the Human Rights Council, whose 11 August report points to violations amounting to potential war crimes committed by both pro-former government fighters and forces of the interim Government. In the light of this, we call on the interim authorities to ensure full accountability and justice, so that all Syrians, regardless of ethnic, religious or cultural background, can feel safe and protected. Secondly, an inclusive political transition under resolution 2254 (2015) is essential. The formation of a People’s Assembly is a crucial step in Syria’s political transition. We welcome the announcement of indirect parliamentary elections in September, provided that all Syrians can participate as candidates and voters , including Christians, Alawites, Druze, Bedouin and, importantly, women. The recent sectarian violence has reinforced calls for a more democratic and inclusive Syria. Syria’s new Constitution must guarantee democracy, inclusivity, justice and fair representation for all religious and ethnic groups and communities, as the current Constitutional Declaration remains insufficient. The September elections will be an important test in this regard, in order to enhance internal cohesion and increase international support for the efforts of the transitional Government to promote stability and prosperity. As the Greek Foreign Minister repeated yesterday, on the occasion of his constructive meeting with his Syrian counterpart in Athens, Greece reaffirms its commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of Syria, urging all States to respect these principles — a Syria where all Syrians will feel safe. The 10 March agreement between Damascus and the Syrian Democratic Similarly, the integration of all armed groups into the national security and military forces, alongside a sustainable solution to the issue of foreign fighters, is indispensable for establishing stability and preventing radicalization. Extremist and terrorist elements can have no place in Syria’s future. Thirdly, all this transpires against the backdrop of a truly precarious humanitarian situation, only aggravated by the climate crisis. As the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and Syrian civil society representatives have noted, 16.5 million Syrians are in need of humanitarian assistance. Food and water insecurity is worsening, aggravated by the most severe drought in 36 years and devastating wildfires. As a fellow Mediterranean country, also facing the impacts of climate change, Greece expresses full solidarity with the Syrian people. We stress the need to reinforce the international humanitarian response, and Greece has decided to engage with the interim Syrian authorities to assist Syria with the transfer of expertise and best practices to build its capacities in civil protection and against natural disasters. Equally, Greece is ready to support any efforts for an inclusive and representative political system and to promote stability and integration in the eastern Mediterranean region. In the same spirit, the European Union swiftly lifted sanctions under a gradual, conditional and reversible approach to support Syria. This policy will continue to be guided by progress in accountability, inclusivity and respect for international law, including the international law of the sea. In conclusion, Greece reiterates its support and solidarity with the Syrian people as they strive to turn the page from a dark chapter towards a brighter future. This can only be achieved through a genuinely inclusive political transition, with credible accountability and security for all. We will continue to support the United Nations and the Office of the Special Envoy in their efforts to achieve these goals.

I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the three African members of the Security Council plus (A3+), namely Guyana, Sierra Leone, Somalia and my own country, Algeria. At the outset, the A3+ extends its sincere appreciation to Special Envoy Geir Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Tom Fletcher, for their briefings. We also appreciate the participation in this debate of His Excellency Mr. Koussay Aldahhak, the Permanent Representative of Syria, and also the participation of the representatives of Iran, Qatar and Türkiye. The A3+ remains gravely concerned about the overall situation in Syria, which continues to be marked by fragility and volatility. After more than a decade of conflict, the Syrian people still face violence, insecurity and humanitarian deprivation on an unbearable scale. We take note with deep concern of the recent report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry, which documented grave violations against civilians in the coastal region earlier this year. These horrific findings remind us of the urgency of ensuring justice and accountability. Perpetrators of such crimes must not be allowed to act with impunity. Equally alarming are the recent events in Suwayda’, with a heavy death toll and more than 192,000 people displaced. The A3+ underscores the urgent need for all parties to adhere to the ceasefire arrangement, protect civilians and guarantee We also warn against the danger of this tragic pattern of violence spreading to other regions of Syria. Renewed conflict risks undoing the limited progress achieved so far and undermining the possibility of building durable peace. In that regard, we call for the full implementation of the March agreement with the Syrian Democratic Forces. This agreement represents an important step towards de-escalation and national reconciliation. Only through dialogue can Syrians overcome their divergences. In that regard, the upcoming legislative elections represent an important opportunity to advance towards inclusive governance. They must be conducted transparently and fairly in order to strengthen legitimacy and trust. The legislative election process must also allow for the full, equal and meaningful participation of women and youth. We must be clear in rejecting external interference that exacerbates instability in Syria. The A3+ reiterates its strong condemnation of Israel’s repeated military actions in Syria. Such actions flagrantly violate Syria’s sovereignty, the 1974 Disengagement Agreement, international law and, ultimately, the Charter of the United Nations. They serve only to aggravate tensions and further destabilize the region. The A3+ reaffirms its unwavering support for Syria’s sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity. We reiterate our full support for the efforts of the United Nations Special Envoy and for a Syrian-owned, Syrian-led political process as the only sustainable path towards peace. We also stress the critical role of the United Nations in this process. The humanitarian situation in Syria is being further exacerbated by the worst drought in decades, with wheat production collapsing by 40 per cent. The A3+ takes note that more than 2.3 million Syrians have returned to their areas of origin. While encouraging, these returns take place amid severe gaps that must be addressed if they are to be sustainable. Today more than half of the population suffers from food insecurity, and nearly 3 million people are at risk of severe hunger. Yet the humanitarian response is faltering. Insecurity, logistical barriers and chronic underfunding severely constrain aid delivery. The 2025 humanitarian response plan, which appeals for $3.2 billion, is only 14 per cent funded. This is an alarming shortfall. The A3+ calls on all donors to urgently mobilize resources to ensure that life-saving assistance reaches those most in need before the crisis spirals further out of control. Explosive remnants of war and landmines continue to cause many injuries and deaths, particularly among children. We urge increased support, including funding and capacity-building, to address the threat of mines. In conclusion, the A3+ firmly believes that the future of Syria must be built on three inseparable pillars: accountability for past crimes, inclusivity in the political process and respect for the sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity of Syria.

I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Fletcher for their briefings. In that regard, let me highlight the following three points. First, we call on all parties to the March agreement to prioritize building a unified Syria and implementing the terms of the agreement without delay. Since the March agreement was reached between Damascus and the Syrian Democratic Forces, little progress has been made in its implementation, while sporadic military clashes around Dayr al-Zawr has raised the concerns of the international community about a potential military escalation. The bilateral talks that resumed earlier this month also resulted in few outcomes, dampening the prospect of the agreement being fully implemented by the end of the year, as originally planned. Neither Damascus nor the international community can afford another divided Syria. As shown repeatedly earlier this year, a fragmented Syria is subject to turmoil and is even at risk of falling prey to illegitimate foreign intervention and occupation. We therefore urge all parties to actively engage with each other to finalize the details of the implementation of the March agreement in a prompt manner. Any further delay will jeopardize not only the successful conduct of the general election, to be held in September, but also the already fragile domestic security situation, which is scarred by persistent sectarian violence. That brings me to my second point. Secondly, we urge the transitional Government to fully implement the recommendations in the report of the commission of inquiry into the coastal violence. The recently released report of the commission of inquiry reveals appalling snapshots of the incidents, finding that the violence featured widespread and systematic attacks against civilians. It is equally disturbing that the violence involved members of certain factions of the security forces of the transitional Government, a fact that was not mentioned in the fact-finding committee’s announcement of its own findings last month. As pointed out in the report, it is imperative that Damascus prioritize the prevention of any further recurrence of sectarian violence in its political transition. Without a clear picture of how perpetrators will be held accountable, there is a risk that sectarian-based atrocities will repeat themselves. Therefore, we reiterate our call for those entities responsible to be clearly named in the ensuing prosecutions. Thirdly, we urge the international community to increase funding to address the continuing humanitarian crisis in the country. The restoration of stability in Syria fac­ es the risk of stagnation as the country grapples with deteriorating humanitarian con­ ditions, marked by the worst drought in decades and the instability in southern Syria. Those conditions are also aggravated by a severe and continued funding shortfall, as a result of which only 13 per cent of the humanitarian response priorities were met this year. We hope that the international community will step up its support, building on international efforts already under way, including our contribution of $35 million this year focusing on the early recovery and resilience of the conflict-affected populations.

I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under- Secretary-General Fletcher for their briefings. The path to a peaceful Syria, both domestically and with its neighbours, remains fragile. At home, we reiterate the importance of an inclusive, transparent and credible political transition towards democratic, strong and reliable State institutions. We underscore the need to advance efforts aimed at promoting stability, achieving transitional justice and fostering genuine national reconciliation. In international relations, we hope that Syria will continue to build peaceful relations with its neighbours and the wider region. We encourage the interim authorities to uphold these principles throughout the process. First and foremost, we urgently call for an immediate end to violence across Syria. Reports of crimes, including executions, arbitrary killings, kidnappings, looting and the destruction of property, are deeply alarming. Of particular concern are reports of abductions, trafficking and sexual exploitation of women and girls, especially those from the Druze and Alawite communities. We are also deeply troubled by emerging patterns in the abuse of women, including abuses perpetrated by armed combatants. This must stop immediately. The Syrian interim authorities must assert full control over the security forces and ensure accountability for all perpetrators, regardless of affiliation or rank, in line with international law, standards and the constitutional declaration. Syrians need to see that the State and its security forces exist solely to protect and serve them. In this context, security sector reform must advance in parallel with tangible measures that guarantee the protection and safety of all civilians. This is essential to restoring trust, ensuring security, promoting the rule of law and fostering national unity. Secondly, the recent outbreaks of violence underscore the critical importance of building a future for Syria that is truly inclusive, as lasting peace and security depend on genuine inclusion. We urge the Syrian interim authorities to make this a priority in the political transition. All Syrians deserve a voice in shaping their country’s future. The establishment of the People’s Assembly as the interim legislative body is a key opportunity to build a stable political system based on pluralism and accountability. In order for the transition to succeed, the commitments set out in the constitutional declaration must be fully respected. Equally important is the full inclusion of all major Syrian groups as voters and candidates, with women’s full, equal, safe and meaningful participation playing a fundamental role. Ensuring meaningful inclusion, especially in conflict-affected areas, remains a significant challenge and must be addressed as a priority. Thirdly, the humanitarian situation in Syria remains very serious. We urgently call for full, regular and unrestricted access for all aid organizations to help those in need. The international community must support the Syrian people in addressing their urgent needs and rebuilding their country. The United Nations, especially Special Envoy Pedersen, has a vital role in this effort and in advancing an inclusive political process, in line with the principles of resolution 2254 (2015). Let me end this statement by reaffirming our support for Syria’s sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity and by calling on Israel to respect the demilitarized zone and the 1974 Disengagement Agreement. We are ready to work with Syria, with the Council and with the wider international community in support of a more peaceful, prosperous and stable future — a future that the Syrian people rightfully deserve.

We thank Special Envoy Geir Pedersen and Under- Secretary-General Tom Fletcher for their briefings. Their updates highlight the immense challenges that Syria faces today, after more than a decade of conflict. We welcome the presence of the representatives of Syria, Iran, Türkiye and Qatar. We recognize the efforts of the Syrian authorities and people to pursue dialogue, national cooperation and regional outreach. Those efforts, although fragile, represent an important step towards peace and recovery. These developments, together with the prospect of elections later this year, offer a ray of hope to a nation that has endured immense suffering. However, this progress remains fragile, challenged by ongoing clashes, external interference and a worsening humanitarian crisis. The foremost priority must be to alleviate the suffering of the Syrian people. More than 16 million Syrians remain in need of humanitarian assistance. Children continue to face hunger and malnutrition on a staggering scale. Access to safe water, healthcare and education is collapsing. Despite these dire needs, humanitarian appeals remain At the same time, the political track remains indispensable. We welcome the progress vis-à-vis political transition, including the commitment to hold parliamentary elections in September. The credibility of this process will depend on inclusivity. All political and social groups must have a genuine stake if the process is to reflect the aspirations of the Syrian people. The principles under resolution 2254 (2015) must be adhered to. The situation in Suwayda, the western coast and the north-east is a matter of concern. Any attempts to manipulate or patronize local communities risk deepening divisions and constitute unwarranted external interference. We condemn all violence against civilians and tragic loss of lives and call for the accountability of those responsible. What Syria requires is genuine political support and international assistance in this complex environment, rather than the creation of new fault lines or foreign intervention. On the security front, the threat of terrorism persists. The presence of foreign terrorist fighters, such as those of the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement, and groups known to have a terrorist affiliation, including Da’esh continue to pose a threat to the security of Syria and the region. According to the latest report of the Secretary- General on the threat posed by Da’esh to international peace and security (S/2025/496), the situation in Syria remains fragile. Since the fall of the previous Government, Da’esh has been intent on destabilizing the interim authorities and exploiting existing vulnerabilities. Da’esh members seized stockpiles of heavy weaponry, and more than 500 detainees affiliated with Da’esh were released from detention facilities. A comprehensive counter-terrorism strategy centred on prevention, disarmament, rehabilitation and reintegration is essential to secure long-term stability. We strongly condemn the repeated Israeli strikes on Syrian territory, including in Suwayda, Dar’a, Damascus and the occupied Syrian Golan. These acts are blatant violations of international law, the Charter of the United Nations and Security Council resolutions, and threaten regional peace, as well as obstruct Syria’s path to recovery. Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 350 (1974) and 497 (1981), and the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces must be fully respected. Syria’s road to peace and stability demands sustained international solidarity; respect for its sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity; and tangible support to address humanitarian and economic challenges. Pakistan stands in full solidarity with the Syrian people. We will continue to support all efforts for a sovereign, unified, inclusive, peaceful and prosperous Syria.

I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Fletcher for their briefings. I welcome the presence of the representatives of Syria, Iran, Türkiye and Qatar at today’s meeting. At present, the situation in Syria is still at a critical stage. Helping Syria achieve a smooth political transition and a return to peace and stability at an early date is the common expectation of the international community and should be the goal of joint efforts by all parties. I would like to make the following points. First, China supports the Syrian interim authorities in continuing to engage in extensive dialogue and communication with all parties concerned in accordance with the principles set out in resolution 2254 (2015), in order to promote an inclusive Secondly, the security situation in Syria is still fragile, with armed conflicts occurring from time to time. Just recently, recurring large-scale violence happened on the western coast of Syria and in Suwayda. A large number of innocent civilians were tragically abused and killed, which is saddening. It is the responsibility of the Syrian interim authorities to protect the legitimate rights and interests of all Syrians. The reports of the Commission of Inquiry on the violence on the western coast should be made public at an early date, and there should be an investigation and accountability of the violent incidents in Suwayda in a transparent, credible and responsible manner. All parties in Syria should work in the same direction to jointly maintain stability and avoid triggering a new conflict. Thirdly, terrorist forces are increasingly active within Syria, which is worrisome. There are reports indicating that foreign terrorist fighters were major perpetrators of the violent incidents on the western coast in March and in Suwayda in July. Continued condoning of terrorists will only bring greater harm to Syria and other countries in the region. We urge the Syrian interim authorities to take strong measures to resolutely counter all terrorist organizations designated by the Council, including the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement, also known as the Turkistan Islamic Party. It must be pointed out that the purpose of the Council’s sanctions on Syria is to counter the terrorist forces within Syria and to maintain peace and security in the country and the region. With regard to adjusting its sanctions regime on Syria, the Council should consider the current counter-terrorism and security situation in Syria, the capacity of the Syrian interim authorities and the possible implications of such adjustments, among others, in a comprehensive manner and should make judicious decisions based on a careful study, in order to strictly prevent the terrorist forces in Syria from exploiting the situation and gaining strength. Fourthly, the United Nations humanitarian agencies have made great efforts to alleviate the humanitarian crisis in Syria, in particular by overcoming difficulties and actively coordinating the delivery of humanitarian supplies into Suwayda. China calls on the international community to increase its humanitarian assistance to Syria and help the Syrian people overcome these difficult times. China is concerned about reports of attacks on humanitarian convoys in Dar’a governorate. The safety and security of humanitarian workers should be guaranteed under all circumstances. Lastly, I would like to reiterate that the sovereignty, security and territorial integrity of Syria should be fully respected. This is a principle that must be upheld in dealing with the Syrian issue. The Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights is completely null and void. Unauthorized foreign troops should not be stationed in the area of separation. The discharging of the duties of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force in accordance with the mandate given by the Council should be guaranteed.

I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under- Secretary-General Fletcher for briefing us today. I welcome the participation of the Permanent Representative of Syria and the Permanent Representatives of other countries of the region. I will make three points today. First, as we mark this week World Humanitarian Day, I want pay tribute to the tireless work of humanitarian actors to deliver assistance to those who need it most in Syria. As we have heard from Under-Secretary-General Fletcher, humanitarian needs in Syria remain immense, exacerbated by outbreaks of violence, as well as Secondly, we welcome the release of the report of the independent Commission of Inquiry on the events in the coastal region in March. We recognize the access granted to the Commission by the Syrian Government, and we urge the Syrian Government to move swiftly to implement the recommendations of this report, pursue accountability for those responsible regardless of affiliation and continue to prioritize justice for all Syrians, including those affected by violence last month. Thirdly, we welcome the Syrian Government’s steps towards political transition, including the planned People’s Assembly elections and the consultations that have taken place across Syria with the Supreme Council. Transparency and inclusion are essential for a lasting political transition that secures the support and confidence of the Syrian people. We welcome the work that the United Nations is doing with the Syrian Government on the forthcoming elections. The United Nations has a clear role to play in supporting the Syrian-led and Syrian-owned transition. The United Kingdom looks forward to discussing the conclusions of the United Nations strategic assessment on Syria to ensure that the Council and the United Nations are best able to assist the Syrian people as they rebuild.

I thank Special Envoy Geir Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Tom Fletcher for their briefings. Syria finds itself today at a crossroads. After decades of dictatorship and war, an inclusive Syria at peace with itself is possible. However, this transition remains fragile, and the international community must help the Syrian authorities to banish the demons of the past. Four spheres of action emerge as priorities in that regard. The immediate priority is above all to restore civil peace. The violence in the Suwayda region in July echoed the abuses committed in the coastal region in March. In the latter case, the recent report by the United Nations independent commission of inquiry clearly shows that responsibility is shared among several groups and highlights the importance of better controlling the members of the Government forces. The Syrian authorities must implement the report’s recommendations, as they have committed to do, by bringing to justice all the perpetrators of these acts of violence and working towards reconciliation between communities. It is their responsibility to show that they can ensure the protection of all Syrians. In north-east Syria, France aims to continue its facilitation efforts, while respecting Syria’s unity and sovereignty, in coordination with the United States. The goal is to implement the 10 March agreements between the representatives of the north-east and Damascus in a spirit of responsibility and respect for the rights of all. Ultimately, there can be no return to civil peace unless a transitional justice process is established. The Syrian authorities must address this issue with the support of the international community, the relevant United Nations specialized agencies and civil society organizations working in this field. France encourages the Syrian authorities to cooperate with these partners. We stand ready to help to build the Syrian justice system’s capacity, which will make it possible to accelerate the work of the National Commission for Transitional Justice. In line with the third sphere of action, institutions bringing together all Syrians and helping to the rebuild the country must be built. Efforts to revive the Syrian economy are critical to eventually transitioning from humanitarian support to support for Syria’s development and reconstruction. The lifting of European, British and American sanctions was a decisive step. The recovery of the Syrian economy must make it possible to restore Syrians’ confidence in the future of their country. In the short term, humanitarian aid remains essential, as millions of Syrians are still in need. It must be delivered in an unhindered manner and in complete safety wherever it is needed. This is particularly the case in Suwayda, where security and basic services must be re-established to allow displaced persons to return. The reconstruction of Syria also requires the establishment of institutions through which all Syrians feel represented, in the spirit of resolution 2254 (2015). Positive developments have been achieved since the transitional Government was formed in March. The Syrian authorities must now move forward with the appointment of a provisional legislative assembly, which is essential for adopting the reforms that the country needs. At each stage, the involvement of all Syrians must guide the transition’s implementation. In this regard, Geir Pedersen’s efforts are invaluable, and we reiterate our support for his work. Lastly, neighbouring countries must play their part and help Syria to achieve stability. We welcome the resumption of constructive relations between Syria and several neighbouring countries. In that context, we reiterate our conviction that Damascus’s outstretched hand to Israel is an opportunity. Israel must end its military activities on Syrian territory and withdraw from the separation zone established by the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces. Based on this Agreement, Syria and Israel must identify an arrangement that takes each other’s security concerns into account. France supports the ongoing dialogue between Syrian and Israeli authorities, who met this week in Paris with the mediation of the United States. The possibility of building a new Syria is an opportunity that the Syrian authorities and the international community must seize. Regarding all the priorities mentioned, we hope that the Secretariat’s strategic review will help to better organize the work of the United Nations in Syria. On that basis, the Council will have to contribute to supporting the current transition.

I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of Panama. We also acknowledge and thank Special Envoy Geir Pedersen and Under- Secretary-General Tom Fletcher for their informative and detailed briefings. Panama reiterates its concern about the persistent violence and internal fragmentation that continue to affect the civilian population in Syria. We of course note with concern how the parties’ lack of political will, coupled with the prolonged suffering of the population, is deepening despair and divisions. In that regard, we believe that peace can only be built on an inclusive political process that highlights respect for Syrian sovereignty and revitalizes the relevance of the Charter of the United Nations and the mandate of resolution 2254 (2015), which must be implemented given the current context. On 8 August, a Syrian Arab Red Crescent convoy was attacked in Dar’a. Despite these challenges, four United Nations- backed convoys managed to deliver life-saving assistance in Suwayda. This effort exemplifies the perseverance and commitment of humanitarian personnel faced with It is also alarming that, according to recent UNICEF data, hostilities in the south of the country have killed at least 22 children and have injured 21 others. This human tragedy is tearing apart Syria’s already fragile social fabric, perpetuating the cycle of violence and reaffirming our moral responsibility to step up efforts to protect children in conflict contexts. Similarly, it is essential to address the remaining threats of the conflict so that the displaced can make a safe, dignified and voluntary return to the affected communities. Another persistent element in the complex Syrian scenario is the presence of armed non-State actors and the persistence of terrorist cells, such as Da’esh, that continue to threaten national and regional stability. Only yesterday, in the Council, we heard reports of their increasing adaptability and territorial expansion, using emerging technologies (see S/PV.9982). Panama therefore insists on the need to build a unified and professional security apparatus, based on the rule of law, that avoids scenes such as those that occurred weeks ago in Suwayda and Dar’a. We also consider it essential to strengthen an independent judicial system to ensure accountability for the crimes committed and to prevent the recurrence of such abuses, which only delay the progress of the Syrian people, who have suffered enough. In the midst of this reality, we recognize the positive: the announcement of parliamentary elections, especially the open invitation to international observers and the progressive invitation to women to constitute at least 20 per cent of the electoral body in the committees. These are positive signs that political will can guide the destiny of a unified and autonomous Syria. Finally, I will allow myself a bold reflection. Unfortunately, the circumstances that deteriorated institutions and destroyed the conditions for governance, electoral processes and democracy and the possibilities for inclusiveness in Syria exerted their destructive and destabilizing effects for far too long, leaving in their wake serious vacuums. Unfortunately, for any transitional Government, and this is not meant to be an excuse, the rebuilding of political structures that can restore institutions, security, confidence and inclusive and transparent electoral processes, with results that are respected, with an adequate political, constitutional and legal basis and an independent and effective judicial system, and the economic reconstruction and social development necessary to meet the expectations of the population and alleviate the humanitarian crisis, also require a lot of time. The urgent and legitimate demand of the international community — and all of us — for accountability for those who have committed intolerable violations against civilians, cannot be met in a manner consistent with respect for international law without the prerequisite of a minimal judicial system to underpin investigations and prosecutions, which in turn also takes time. Therefore, urgency and time, to the detriment of another possible social surge of reconstruction and development and end to the humanitarian crisis, face each other in direct confrontation as bitter enemies. There is, therefore, an urgent need for huge doses of international support and patience. A few days ago, we adopted a presidential statement (S/PRST/2025/6) which, among other issues, expressed deep concern about the violence in Suwayda and stressed the need to respect the ceasefire and international humanitarian law. That same spirit of collaboration that we have already shown in building consensus is the most valuable example we can offer to the Syrians — proof that dialogue and cooperation are the most effective tools for rebuilding their lives and their nation under the leadership of the Syrians themselves. I now give the floor to the representative of the Syrian Arab Republic.

I would like to congratulate you, Mr. President, and your team on your presidency of the Security Council in the current month and I would like to thank your predecessor, the Permanent Representative of Pakistan, and his team for the successful presidency of the Council last month. I would also like to thank Mr. Geir Pedersen, the Special Envoy for Syria, and Mr. Tom Fletcher, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, for their briefings and for the work that they and their teams are doing. The Government of Syria continues its efforts to restore peace and security and improve the living and humanitarian conditions of Syrians throughout the country. We are working on addressing the intersecting challenges that are facing our people after long years of a war that has exhausted and weakened them and destroyed the country’s infrastructure and economy, leaving in its wake painful suffering that has affected all Syrians. Recent months have witnessed the adoption of practical measures on the road to recovery and the establishment of foundations to build promising economic partnerships to invigorate the economy and to rebuild and to push forward towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Syria looks forward to positive international engagement and to receiving further support for it and for its people at this sensitive stage. National efforts continue to face a number of complex challenges that negatively affect Syrian reality, at the forefront of which are the aggressive Israeli policies based on the violation of Syria’s sovereignty, military incursion into its territories and grave violations perpetrated against its people, and the attempt to weaken the Syrian State and affect its national unity by attacking it outright and by setting the fires of sedition and fanning the flames of tensions. All of this aims to establish a new fait accompli of occupation that is in line with the occupying regime’s colonialist and expansionist schemes, which are a blatant and dangerous violation of international law and the foundations of stable international relations, posing a direct threat to the sovereignty of States and regional and international peace and security. Syria renews its call upon the Security Council to condemn the Israeli attacks, to oblige the Israeli occupation authorities to withdraw their forces from the Syrian territories which it penetrated during the past few months and to end its occupation of the Syrian Golan, in accordance with relevant Security Council resolutions, at the forefront of which are resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) and 497 (1981). We regret that the presidential statement adopted by the Security Council on 10 August (S/PRST/2025/6) contained no condemnation of the recent Israeli attacks in the vicinity of the presidential palace, as well as the headquarters of the General Staff in Damascus. In the light of the report issued by the International Independent Commission of Inquiry on the painful events that took place on the Syrian coast, the Foreign Minister sent an official letter to the Chair of the Commission expressing his appreciation for the efforts made and the points that are in line with the conclusions arrived at by the independent national committee for investigation and fact-finding formed for that purpose. The Foreign Minister has renewed the Syrian Government’s commitment to transparency and accountability and constructive cooperation with the international community, as was manifest in the unprecedented permission given to the committee The Minister for Foreign Affairs welcomed the Commission’s conclusion that there was no government policy in place to commit crimes, but rather, that decrees had been issued to prevent crimes and restore order. He noted that the Commission’s recommendations, along with those of the independent national commission, will constitute a road map for strengthening justice and for Syria’s continued progress despite the challenges, stressing continued cooperation with the Commission and the international community on the basis of full respect for Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. In the same context, the Minister for Foreign Affairs also stressed that Suwayda, as a national and historical symbol of great significance, and its people are an integral part of the Syrian national fabric; that there is no place for their exclusion or marginalization; that their protection was and remains the primary and sole responsibility of the State; and that the bloody, painful and deplorable events in the governorate were the result of Israel’s attempts to ignite sedition and destabilize the country. Today, efforts to maintain civil peace, restore stability and promote humanitarian access to all affected people continue, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and humanitarian partners. Several humanitarian aid convoys have been dispatched, in coordination with the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, to Dar’a and Suwayda, and visits by United Nations delegations to these areas have been facilitated to assess needs and work to meet them. These efforts have also been evident in other areas, including the joint Syrian-Jordanian-American meeting hosted by the sisterly Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan — to which we extend our thanks — to discuss the situation in Syria and ways to support the reconstruction process on foundations that guarantee Syria’s security, stability, sovereignty and unity and fulfil the aspirations of its people. The meeting stressed the need for reason and dialogue to prevail and for destructive foreign interference to be rejected, and the participants welcomed the Government’s commitment to conduct full investigations and hold the perpetrators of the crimes and violations that occurred in Suwayda accountable and its readiness to cooperate with the relevant United Nations entities in order to establish justice and redress the harm done to victims. The Syrian Government affirms its categorical rejection of attempts to divide Syria or to exploit any events to advance destructive foreign agendas. It also affirms its rejection of any unilateral steps that do not contribute to mending fissures and achieving national reconciliation and that are inconsistent with the country’s sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity. The Syrian Government stresses that the doors of the Syrian-Syrian national dialogue have been and will remain open to all those who wish to engage in serious dialogue and joint action aimed at leading Syria into a better future worthy of all its people, without exception. Syrians are still looking to the international community to provide humanitarian and development support to fulfil their hopes for a major improvement in living conditions, alleviate suffering and the severe lack of basic services, and address the challenges resulting from the serious effects of climate change, including the fires that have once again reignited in different parts of the country and the wave of catastrophic drought that is depriving Syrians of their basic water needs and seriously imperilling agricultural production and food security. We heard from the Under-Secretary-General and a number of delegations about the repercussions of the excessive drought and the decline in agricultural production and the attendant challenges to the food security of Syrians. My country, Syria, reaffirms its commitment to partnership and continued cooperation with the United Nations and its specialized agencies. We reviewed some of the contents of the strategic assessment on the role of the United Nations in Syria. In this context, we affirm the existing cooperation with Mr. Pedersen’s office and the Organization’s agencies. We also affirm the urgent need for the United Nations team in Syria, headed by the incoming Resident Coordinator, to work in a more coherent, coordinated and effective manner, as fragmented interventions, parallel assessments and duplication of efforts adversely affect the efficiency of humanitarian operations and hinder the desired results. Syrians have been and will remain greater than any attempt to sow discord or division. Today, they are more committed to their sense of national loyalty and look forward to turning the page of pain and suffering and to shaping the future of their homeland. Despite adversity, Syria will remain united with its people, proud of its diversity and attached to its sovereignty, and it will move towards a bright future to be built by the hands of all Syrians and for all Syrians — women and men, young men and young women. In conclusion, as this is my final statement on behalf of my Government before the Council, I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to my colleagues, Permanent Representatives and members of all missions and to all Member States, the Secretariat and its team, Secretariat staff and interpreters for the ties of cooperation and coordination that have brought us together over the past year and a half, during which I have served with them as Syria’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations in extremely complex and sensitive circumstances, which have brought with them great challenges and even greater hopes. My team — to whom I express my deepest gratitude and appreciation — and I have been determined to carry out our diplomatic duties faithfully and professionally and to convey and defend the positions of the Syrian Government in international forums. Our compass and our primary mission have always been, are and will continue to be supporting the Syrian people, alleviating their suffering, lifting sanctions and supporting humanitarian and development work. I thank the partners with whom I have had the honour to work over many years on humanitarian and development work. I call on them to continue their support for Syria and its people. The Syrians are counting on continued positive international engagement and constructive support for their efforts to turn an excruciatingly painful page of war and suffering. I pray for mercy for all the martyrs of Syria and patience and solace for their families, and recovery for the injured. I would like to congratulate my successor, the new Permanent Representative of Syria, Ambassador Ibrahim Olabi. I wish him full success in all his efforts to serve Syria and the Syrians. I leave this forum in the firm belief that Syria, with its great history, its civilizational heritage, the awareness of its people and their sense of national loyalty, will overcome all difficulties and all challenges, and that it will be a single unified (spoke in English) Syria by all and for all Syrians.

I now give the floor to the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Since this is my first intervention this month, allow me to extend my congratulations to you, Mr. President, on Panama’s assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for this month. We are confident that under your able guidance the Council’s work will be steered successfully. I also wish to commend Pakistan for its effective stewardship and valuable contributions during its presidency in July. We thank the Special Envoy, Mr. Pedersen, and the Under-Secretary-General, Mr. Fletcher, for their informative and insightful briefings. On the situation in Syria, I wish to make the following points. First, the humanitarian situation in Syria remains dire. We commend the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations agencies and humani­ tarian partners for delivering life-saving assistance under difficult circumstances. We reiterate the call by the Security Council for full, safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access to all affected communities, in strict accordance with the prin­ ciples of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence. In this context, we welcome the lifting of illegal unilateral coercive measures imposed on the Syrian people. These illegal measures deepen the humanitarian crisis, block reconstruction and obstruct economic recovery. Their removal is essential to enable the safe and dig­ nified return of refugees and internally displaced persons. Sanctions must never be used as an instrument of political coercion or interference in Syrian internal affairs. Secondly, we take note of the recent report of the Monitoring Team of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities (S/2025/482), which highlights the persistent and grave threat of terrorism in Syria. Da’esh, Al-Qaida and foreign terrorist fighters continue to seriously destabilize Syria and the wider region, and we are deeply alarmed by credible reports indicating the relocation of certain terrorist elements and foreign terrorist fighters from Syria to Afghanistan, which poses a direct threat to Afghanistan’s neighbours and regional stability. We stress that all States must fully comply with international law in combating terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. Thirdly, the situation in Suwayda remains fragile. According to the report, while a ceasefire has restored temporary calm, clashes continue, and the risk of renewed violence is high without a durable arrangement. The humanitarian impact, including the displacement of nearly 200,000 civilians, and restricted access are deeply alarming. We recall the Council’s presidential statement of 10 August (S/PRST/2025/6), which condemned these atrocities and called for the protection of all Syrians. We welcome the Syrian interim authorities’ condemnation and pledge to investigate but stress that accountability must be swift, credible, transparent and impartial, including for atrocities against the Alawite communities in Latakia and Tartus. We urge the authorities to ensure all perpetrators are brought to justice. Fourthly, we remain concerned about the clash between the Syrian Democratic Forces and the interim authorities in the north-east. We stress that the ongoing political engagement between the parties must be actively encouraged and expanded to prevent further escalation and to create a meaningful avenue for dialogue. Lastly, we affirm our conviction that the only sustainable path forward for Syria is a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process, facilitated by the United Nations, in full conformity with the core principles of resolution 2254 (2015). Such a process must safeguard the legitimate rights and aspirations of all Syrians, while preserving the sovereignty, independence, unity and national institutions of Syria. In this context, we note the ongoing preparations for indirect elections for the interim parliament. These efforts must be part of a broader, genuinely inclusive, political process that ensures representation and legitimacy.

I now give the floor to the representative of Türkiye.

I would also like to thank the Special Envoy, Mr. Pedersen, and Mr. Fletcher, for their briefings. I highly value their efforts and calls for sufficient, sustained funding for assistance and for improving the investment climate in the country. Syria continues to remain high on the international agenda. The new period requires sustained efforts to secure peace and stability on the basis of the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and national unity. Empowering the Syrian Administration is crucial to achieve this goal. We must not allow our focus to deviate from the essential task of restoring stability and security in the country. The Syrian Government itself is committed to strengthening security for its people and its territory. A centralized Administration and a unified national army are indispensable to achieving this objective. Türkiye has, accordingly, stepped up its efforts to support Syria’s capacity-building, including through training and advisory assistance. Despite facing many challenges, the Syrian Administration has taken tangible steps in recent months towards restoring institutions, protecting sovereignty and serving its citizens. Syrians who had been living abroad, in exile or in displacement, have begun to return. Economic investment has started to flow into the country, albeit in a modest way; infrastructure, energy and reconstruction projects have been launched; sanctions have begun to ease; and the Syrian authorities have engaged in constructive and positive dialogue with regional neighbours and with international actors. We call for the removal of remaining sanctions for the Syrian Administration to deliver and serve its citizens. With sustained regional cooperation and international support, these efforts can deliver results more quickly than many expect. We all agree that the vision for a new Syria must be one in which all communities, faiths and cultures feel equally respected and protected, coexistence replaces division and unity is not only preserved but strengthened. Türkiye has consistently advocated for such an inclusive and constructive vision. However, the recent developments in Suwayda once again demonstrate the destructive and destabilizing nature of Israeli policies in the region. In this regard, we stress the importance of regional security being built not on the weakness or instability of neighbours but on their prosperity and stability. Efforts that undermine Syria’s sovereignty or fuel fragmentation carry serious risks of broader regional destabilization. It is therefore essential that all actors consider the wider consequences of their actions. Destabilizing actions that threaten Syria’s unity and stability and the welfare of its people should not be tolerated. We are in close consultations The implementation of the 10 March agreement between the Syrian Government and the so-called Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) is of crucial importance. We have yet to see credible steps from the SDF that would reduce tensions or contribute to an environment of security and trust. Its members from other countries have not left Syria yet. Additional pressure must be exerted on the so-called SDF, which seeks to prolong uncertainty and exploit potential crises for gain. It continues its attempts to draw new elements from the Syrian social fabric into a unilateral and malign agenda that runs counter to the authority of central institutions and undermines both the unity and integrity of the country. In that regard, we reiterate our call for the SDF to be dissolved and disarmed. The international community must stand with Syria’s people and its Government to advance the positive agenda. Those who seek to create crises, exploit sectarian divides or deepen fault lines must not be allowed to prevail. Keeping things on the right track in Syria is a common and shared responsibility. The period ahead requires engagement with the Syrian Government and closer international cooperation. With our collective support, Syria can move decisively towards unity, sovereignty and peace. Türkiye will remain fully committed to this vision.

I now give the floor to the representative of Qatar.

I have the honour to make this statement on behalf of the Group of Arab States. We express our appreciation for your efforts in leading the work of the Security Council this month, Mr. President, and we thank Mr. Geir Pedersen, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General, and Mr. Tom Fletcher, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, for their comprehensive briefings. The Syrian Arab Republic is going through a delicate phase, in which its people are bearing the heavy burden of challenges in the security, humanitarian, economic and development fields that affect the living conditions of citizens and overwhelm State institutions. While national efforts continue to address these challenges, the difficulties posed by the current phase require international support in order to complete the recovery and reconstruction phase, which will reflect positively on the stability of Syria and its surroundings. The Group of Arab States underscores the importance of consolidating national unity under the umbrella of the State and its institutions, building confidence, establishing security and stability, promoting development and moving forward with a comprehensive political process led by Syria, with the broad participation of all components of the Syrian people, in a manner that safeguards the rights of citizens and promotes national reconciliation, civil peace and transitional justice. The Group of Arab States welcomes the steps taken by the Syrian Government towards achieving these objectives and its cooperation with the international community and the United Nations system and stresses the importance of the role of the United Nations in supporting national efforts in these areas. The Group affirms its adherence to the national and regional unity, sovereignty and independence of the Syrian Arab Republic. It rejects any violations of its territorial integrity or sovereignty. It also rejects any foreign interference in Syrian affairs and any attempts to stir up strife and impose illegal facts on the ground or push for any form of division or partition. The Group expresses grave concern about acts of violence aimed at undermining security and stability within Syria. The Group also condemns in the strongest terms the violations committed by the Israeli occupying forces in Syrian territory, which constitute a flagrant violation of Syrian sovereignty, international law and the Charter of the United Nations. They also pose a direct threat to regional peace and security. The humanitarian situation in Syria calls for an urgent and coherent international response, including aid, institutional and technical support, to strengthen the country’s capacities to meet basic needs and carry out early-recovery and reconstruction projects, especially the rehabilitation of infrastructure and the recovery of the economy and investment. These steps are essential to improving the lives of Syrian citizens and create conditions for the voluntary, safe and dignified return of refugees and internally displaced persons to their areas of origin. In that regard, the Group of Arab States reiterates its appreciation to the countries hosting refugees for bearing exceptional burdens over the past few years. These are burdens that cannot be borne by those individual States. They require adequate and sustained financial and technical support from the international community. The Group also notes the need to increase funding for humanitarian response plans to achieve outstanding humanitarian objectives. In the same context, the Group believes that the lifting of economic restrictions and unilateral measures imposed on Syria is an essential step to alleviate the suffering of civilians and facilitate recovery, reconstruction and development efforts. The Group of Arab States welcomes the declarations made by international partners, mainly the United States and the European Union, regarding the lifting or easing of these restrictions, which are important positive steps and should be complemented by the full and immediate lifting of all sanctions that impede the Syrian Government’s efforts to achieve the desired objectives during this phase. The Group appreciates the efforts of the Member States that provide humanitarian, economic, financial and diplomatic support to Syria to help to improve living and development conditions in Syria. The Group of Arab States reiterates that Syria’s security and stability are integral to Arab and regional security. Preserving the unity of Syria and its national institutions is a real guarantee to prevent regional destabilization, combat terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and prevent the re-emergence of terrorist groups. The Group offers full support for Syria’s efforts in the field of combating terrorism, securing borders and combating arms and drug smuggling and stresses the importance of supporting these efforts and enhancing cooperation within the framework of supporting regional security and combating cross-border threats. The Group calls on the Syrian Government to continue to cooperate with the international community to address terrorist threats and eradicate terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. In conclusion, the Group of Arab States reiterates its collective commitment to supporting the Syrian Arab Republic at this critical juncture, without any destructive foreign interference, in order to open the way for the brotherly Syrian people to enjoy peace, dignity and prosperity.

There are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers. I now invite Council members to informal consultations to continue our discussion of the subject.