S/PV.9999 Security Council

In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of Iraq, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Syrian Arab Republic and Türkiye to participate in this meeting. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the following briefers to participate in this meeting: Mr. Geir Pedersen, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria; Mr. Tom Fletcher, Under-Secretary- General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator; and Ms. Majd Chourbaji, civil society representative. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. I give the floor to Mr. Pedersen. Mr. Pedersen: Let me welcome Ambassador Ibrahim Olabi, in his new role as the Permanent Representative of Syria to the United Nations in New York. I wish him well in these historic times. Let me start with a point that bears repeating, because it is easy to forget: the interim authorities in Damascus are grappling with a massive legacy of war and autocracy. They have inherited not only the ruins of shattered buildings, but the deeper wreckage of a battered social fabric, decayed institutions and a hollowed- out economy. Syria urgently requires international material assistance on a scale commensurate with its needs and ambition. We need to see the private sector’s footprint back in Syria, including in the nurturing of Syria’s domestic private sector, to ensure that what exists survives and thrives. To achieve this will require more support from the region and the wider international community and sustained sanctions and export controls relief, reassurance to banks and companies and an accelerated path of domestic reforms. It also, of course, requires political stability. Foreign Minister Al-Shaibani underlined to me, when I met him recently in Damascus, how vital international support is for Syria, and strongly called for an end to foreign intervention. I strongly echo this call. Regrettably, the spectre of external interference continues to loom large. This month has seen further intervention by Israel, and Syrian State media reported an incident of Israeli forces killing several Syrian soldiers and Israeli commandos landing south of Damascus, as well as further strikes in early September. This kind of external intervention is unacceptable and must stop. We must insist on full respect for Syria’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and that any security concerns must be addressed based on international law, the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces and diplomatic dialogue. I hope that meetings between Syria and Israel can lead to concrete results to bring about de-escalation and stability. In Suwayda’, the ceasefire announced by the Syrian authorities on 18 July has largely held. I continue to welcome the joint efforts of the United States of America and Jordan with Syria to address the crisis, recently embodied in a comprehensive joint statement on 16 September, containing a road map with several important and positive elements, including on accountability, humanitarian and commercial access, the restoration of services, reconstruction, detainees, security measures, integration and reconciliation. However, a statement from a committee in Suwayda’ aligned It is absolutely vital that solutions are found that both safeguard the sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity of Syria and address the legitimate and understandable fears among the Druze community about the safety, human rights and political future within Syria, and that the State acts only as a protector and is not seen as a threat. Given the deep distrust and polarization, the situation needs confidence-building measures, continued dialogue and diplomatic support. We have made clear our readiness to be helpful in this regard. I do wish to highlight that the statement of 16 September includes a call by the Syrian Government for the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic to investigate the July events. This is a welcome opportunity for the existing and encouraging cooperation on these issues between the authorities and the United Nations to be further developed. I also continue to encourage the publication of the conclusions of the national committee for investigation and fact-finding into the coastal events in March and the taking of follow-up steps. Regarding both the coast and Suwayda’, the Syrian public needs to see that abuses are both acknowledged and addressed, in accordance with international standards and the constitutional declaration, so that all citizens and communities in Syria can develop confidence that there will be neither recurrence nor impunity. An example of the sensitivity of justice-related issues are the recent events in Sumariyah, a predominantly Alawite area of Damascus, historically inhabited by families and relatives of former army personnel. In August, an armed group affiliated with the security forces of the interim authorities reportedly conducted a series of house raids there, in the context of alleged eviction orders, with reports of violence and looting. I welcome that the tension in the neighbourhood has abated with the intervention of the interim authorities themselves. But — and this is important — complex issues related to housing, land and property and to transitional justice need to be addressed with care, prioritizing the protection of civilians, based on the rule of law and in line with international standards. My recent visit to Damascus also further cemented my conviction of the centrality of transitional justice to the success of the entire political transition. We reiterate the readiness of the United Nations to support the Syrian national commissions for transitional justice and for missing persons, and to coordinate international assistance. In the north-east, efforts continue to move forward with implementing the agreement of 10 March. We welcome the recent contacts between the interim authorities and the Syrian Democratic Forces and the exchanges on the key issues, including the critical question of military and security integration, as well as a dialogue on political aspects and confidence-building measures. The fact that channels are active between the parties is positive, even if the challenges are very real. We have had detailed discussions with the parties as they seek to find the path forward. Our message to both parties is the same: this will require bold moves and genuine compromise. In areas under the control of the interim authorities, security challenges continue, with immense challenges to be faced on security sector reform, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration and the issue of foreign fighters. Neither has the scourge of terrorism faded. Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant cells and extremist violence continue to threaten the fragile shoots of recovery. But let me also appeal to Member States to heighten engagement on the repatriation of their nationals in Hawl and underline that the United Nations is ready to offer guidance and support, in line with international human rights law and other applicable standards. We recognize that there are major challenges in areas where disputes remain between the central authorities and areas outside their control. That is why we have counselled caution and giving more space and time before taking irreversible steps. Equally, it is vital that all parts of Syrian society step forward and engage with the electoral process. This is a two-sided equation. The interim authorities have told me in the past that they view the People’s Assembly as a chance to make the institutions overseeing the transition more inclusive than they have been until now. It is vital that this is what is happening in practice. Without genuine agreements with key stakeholders, the new Assembly may start to function and the transitional process may continue, but critical voices could find themselves excluded. This could flow through to the subsequent steps of transition, including the shaping of a new constitution. Let me also stress that in addition to our extensive engagement with the interim authorities and other parties, my office and I continue to meet with civil society and community representatives from all parts of Syria — inside and outside the country. Many share the tremendous sense of dynamism and opportunity in this current historic moment. Others express fears about a shrinking civil space, insufficient efforts on meaningful inclusion and a rise in hate speech and communal tension. Syrian women continue to share their own efforts to document violations against other Syrian women from across Syria. Violence against women remains a significant barrier to their engagement in public life, further restricting their ability to play consequential and equal roles and highlighting issues of public policy that the transition needs to consider from the perspective of women. In conclusion, the Syrian interim authorities and the Syrian people are attempting a transition in the face of challenges and realities that are as complex and difficult as those that have been faced almost anywhere. Viewed by that standard at least, we can point to remarkable changes in a short period of time. But equally, wider experience tells us that many political transitions in modern history have, alas, not been successful, that the key determinant of success has been genuine inclusion. Let me remind the Council: we are speaking of a process of political transition over five years. Key steps ahead, particularly the new constitution and the process of forming that new constitution, free and fair elections, but also all other processes, will succeed only if all communities and critical groups are inside the tent in shaping the transition in Syria. The international community must support Syria and stand firm against foreign intervention. The success of the transition will, above all, rest on the State acting as a State for all, not just in word but also in deed, forging genuine Syrian consensus and enabling all Syrians to voice their views, including their fears and political dissent, and to find genuine representation in the political transition. If this central challenge is mishandled, the consequences could be dire. Syria may find itself indefinitely gridlocked, unable to heal or rebuild and, at worst, slipping into fresh waves of strife I remain convinced that if the challenges are well handled and met with genuine negotiation and bold compromise, unity is within reach, and success against the odds is indeed possible. In this light, it was particularly reassuring to hear President Al-Sharaa affirm that only dialogue, not force, can unite Syria. As Council members know, he will be in New York next week for the high-level segment of the General Assembly – the first Syrian President to do so since 1967. We look forward to continuing to work with the Syrian authorities and Syrian partners to realize the promise of the commitments the authorities have made and to realize the promise of resolution 2254 (2015). The United Nations stands ready to support efforts on all fronts. The journey must be Syrian-led and Syrian-owned, but let it be collective, courageous and, above all, inclusive.

I thank Mr. Pedersen for his briefing. I now give the floor to Mr. Fletcher. Mr. Fletcher: As ever, Special Envoy Pedersen has set out compellingly the political stakes and the case for success against the odds. I would like to extend a warm welcome to the new Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic. His appointment comes at a critical time for Syria. As I told the Council last month (see S/PV.9983), the international community has been resolute about the need to sustain momentum in support of recovery and hope for the people of Syria. The General Assembly high-level week, including this historic visit, will be a critical moment. In advance, I propose to take a step back and reflect on where we are on the humanitarian effort, what actions the United Nations and our humanitarian partners have been taking and what we need from the Security Council to do more. Despite the profound changes under way in Syria and the opportunities that these have generated, Syria remains, by any metric, one of the largest humanitarian emergencies globally. More than 70 per cent of the population still needs some form of humanitarian aid. More than 9 million people are acutely food insecure, and some 7 million people are displaced internally. More than 4 million people are refugees in neighbouring countries. However, let me share three positives. First, thanks to the more collaborative, practical engagement that we have with the authorities in Damascus and beyond, we can now get aid where it is needed within the country much more easily than under the former regime. Movements that last year would have required lengthy, onerous navigation of front lines are now routinely happening. With the consent of the Syrian interim authorities, aid dispatched from Türkiye supports activities throughout the country. There are some communities in Syria that have started to receive United Nations support for the first time in years. Secondly, we have adapted our structures to the new context. Over six months, we shifted to a much more efficient coordination model based in Damascus, under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, with subnational hubs. Thirdly, the easing of unilateral sanctions is removing hurdles to the reconstruction work, which will further reduce humanitarian needs. More carveouts, including for more development activities, will be welcome. Through these efforts, and despite severe reductions in funding, the United Nations and its partners are getting critical humanitarian assistance to nearly We are prioritizing emergency response as needed. Following the escalation in violence in the south, we have now delivered assistance to more than 430,000 people per month in Suwayda’, Dar‘a and rural Damascus. We continue to deliver aid to Suwayda’ through convoys organized with the Syrian Arab Red Crescent. While we are still navigating a tense security environment there, our deliveries and staff movements have become more regular over the past month, now using the reopened highway from Damascus. In fact, our team is on the ground there today, and we are now reaching most of our target population in the south. I join the Special Envoy in welcoming the road map agreement announced this week by Syria, Jordan and the United States of America. Our team in Damascus will continue to coordinate with the authorities on sustaining and expanding the flow of aid. I hope this also lays the groundwork for further stabilization that facilitates the full resumption of commercial routes to Suwayda’ and, very importantly, functioning markets. These corridors are essential to maintain the flow of goods, stabilize markets and reduce the reliance on humanitarian aid. We are also working alongside the authorities to prioritize more sustainable interventions that strengthen institutional capacities throughout the country. The World Health Organization, UNICEF and partners are rehabilitating hospitals and health centres throughout the country, supporting the transition to the Syrian interim authorities. UNICEF and partners are rehabilitating water stations, wells and sewer networks to ensure reliable access to clean and safe water. The World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and partners are working with national authorities to strengthen social safety nets and support the rehabilitation of critical irrigation infrastructure and of the bread value chain to ensure the continuous production of fresh bread. As I mentioned when I briefed the Council from Damascus in December, Syrian women continue to have a vital, indispensable role in delivering humanitarian assistance and supporting Syria’s recovery. I look forward to hearing more on this theme from Ms. Chourbaji. Despite this progress, I warn again that we risk missing a rare opportunity for the people of Syria. Our humanitarian appeal this year is only 18 per cent funded, meaning we can reach just a fraction of those in need. Just when organizations are seeking to expand their operations and have the opportunity to work more efficiently, they are instead forced to cut programmes, reduce support and lose staff. Hospitals, communities and safe spaces for women and girls have been closed as a consequence of funding cuts, exacerbating protection risks, including of a greater incidence of early marriage and gender-based violence. And while announcements of investment agreements are encouraging, tangible and targeted development projects have been still slow to materialize. This real but fragile opportunity that we have is especially stark when we consider the millions of Syrians who have been uprooted by years of conflict. Since December — and the number went up this morning — more than 900,000 refugees and 1.9 million people displaced internally have now returned to their home areas. And we are working with them to help them to meet basic needs, rebuild damaged homes, build livelihoods and clear munitions. To cite one example, in June and July, 305 families with urgent medical needs voluntarily departed Hawl camp for Raqqa, Our Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Damascus, Mr. Adam Abdelmoula, concluded his term last week and, in his parting remarks, he recognized the difficulties that still lie ahead but emphasized his optimism, grounded in the strength and resilience of the Syrian people. This will require our collective, active and sustained support. This time next year, I would dearly love to report that we are substantially scaling down our emergency humanitarian operations in Syria, not because funding cuts have forced our hand but because the international community has made the necessary investments in Syria’s future and in Syrian leadership. Let me therefore conclude by reiterating my key requests that could help us get to that point. First, we must preserve stability. Only the Council’s consistent, sustained engagement in preventing renewed violence can create the conditions for genuine recovery. Secondly, we must fund the humanitarian response. Help us to capitalize on access to surge more support in the coming months, save more lives and help more Syrians to return home. Thirdly, we must enable Syrian-led recovery. Let us translate these encouraging pledges into concrete investment and expand support for large-scale recovery, reconstruction and development by creating livelihoods, rebuilding homes, restoring essential services and, ultimately, restoring hope not only for Syrians but also for all of us — especially now, as we prepare for one of the most consequential United Nations high-level weeks in a generation — who believe that diplomacy has not lost its value and its vigour.

I thank Mr. Fletcher for his briefing. I now give the floor to Ms. Chourbaji.

My name is Majd Chourbaji. I am a Syrian entrepreneur, the Director of the non-governmental organization Basamat and a civil society activist, campaigning for peaceful dialogue. I would like to begin by expressing my gratitude for this opportunity and by extending particular thanks to the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations for its kind invitation. I would also like to thank the Syrian Forum for its tireless efforts, which enabled me to be here today. I am honoured to stand before the Council as a representative of Syrian women, who have paid dearly for freedom and dignity. I am here to highlight their essential role in civil society and the business community in Syria. Syria has been liberated from the grip of tyranny under a regime that inflicted the most horrific forms of oppression on its people, including murder, torture, humiliation and displacement. Today, while Syrians cannot conceal their elation at the end of this nightmare, anxiety is ever-present. Will we succeed in moving peacefully towards a stable transition? As I speak to the Council, I convey the voices The Syrian question has yet to be resolved but will not be unless justice is achieved. In this context, I would like to express my sincerest condolences regarding those civilians whose lives were claimed in the tragic and violent events witnessed this year; we share the pain of their loved ones. Transparent and comprehensive transitional justice is the only way to build an inclusive political transition that restores trust among Syrians and ensures that this tragedy is not repeated. We recognize that we stand at a critical juncture and that any failure could undo our people’s immense sacrifices. Our commitment as Syrians today is therefore steadfast and clear. We must ensure the success of the political transition and build a just and democratic State that is grounded in the rights of citizens and eschews discrimination and a return to tyranny. I am honoured to be a native of the city of Darayya, the cradle of the Syrian revolution, the city that cast off the shackles of fear and held a rose aloft in the face of bullets. The roses protest in Darayya sent a resounding and peaceful message — that our right to freedom would not be wrested from us through violence. I am truly proud to be a daughter of Darayya, which stood firm against extremism and sectarian violence and did not allow innocent people in the surrounding suburbs to be attacked from its land. But, in our eyes, the first peaceful protester to be gunned down by the regime marked a red line — one that we could not afford to cross and upon which there could be no compromise. Thenceforth, we vowed that those who transgressed that line and ordered the killing of innocent people would not evade accountability. From this we derive our strength; no one can break the will of the people. We will not accept impunity. We have gained our freedom, and our victory will be complete when we hold criminals accountable and ensure that this tragedy is not repeated. I was arrested along with many others. I was tortured and incarcerated for seven months. I was released, but it cost the lives of thousands, including that of my husband Abdul Rahman Kamoun and his brothers, for speaking out in favour of peace. During the seven months of my detention, I endured the torment of torture but nonetheless clung to my humanity and refused to become like my tormentors. Even behind bars, I continued to believe in the peacefulness of our revolution. I led a hunger strike, which culminated in the release of 83 female prisoners. I raised awareness among women prisoners about citizenship, politics and transitional justice. This experience taught me that the gauge of a person’s fortitude lies not in outspokenness or retaliation but in the capacity to persevere, uphold justice and show compassion in the most trying of circumstances. Upon my release from prison, I sought refuge in Lebanon and pursued my mission of empowering Syrian women — intellectually, economically and politically. My message of empowerment has been heard. Hundreds of women have found new opportunities thanks to small-scale civil society initiatives, proving that when women rise, society as a whole rises. I understood that change is always possible, no matter how harsh the circumstances. It is now the responsibility of the fledgling Syrian State to put society, and women in particular, at the heart of its efforts to restore what was lost and to give Syrians the decent life that they deserve. I underscore that reconstruction is, in essence, a national endeavour. I therefore call on the international community to support the new Syrian State so that it can succeed in this task. Despite the fall of the authoritarian regime, the challenges remain daunting: 16.5 million Syrians are in need of humanitarian assistance, more than half the population is food-insecure, millions of refugees lack the conditions for a safe and As we all know, the United Nations has always faced a great dilemma, that of striking a balance between the principle of sovereignty and the duty to protect peoples. Here I recall that the Charter of the United Nations begins with the words “We the peoples”, not “We the Governments”. This should be the compass that guides the work of the United Nations. On that basis, I call on the permanent and non-permanent members of the Council to prevent any attempts to undermine Syria’s security and stability; to allow the efforts of civil society and the international community to take root and bear fruit, while making sure to support the political transition process in my beloved country; and to ensure that the process is fully Syrian-led and Syrian owned. Through the Council, I also appeal to the international community to intensify efforts to build national capacities and expand opportunities to support quality education, because education is the real barrier to the future recurrence of any sectarian conflict or violence — education, education and more education, because it is the best guarantee for the future of our children. I also take this opportunity to call on my Government to ensure that the political transition process is inclusive and that it guarantees the equal participation of women and all religious and ethnic components of the Syrian people in decision-making, prioritizing the reform of Syrian governmental and civil institutions, strengthening the role of women economically through training, credit, business incubators and development partnerships, and ensuring the coordination of international investments and support to target sustainable development and the construction of democratic institutions. I also call on my Government to be fully transparent in its communication with citizens, to clearly announce its plans and to ensure that transitional justice is a space for fairness and reconciliation, not revenge or exclusion. I encourage it to avail itself of the expertise of Syrians at home and abroad, who possess the knowledge and ability to put their expertise at the service of the new State. We are free from tyranny, and this is our greatest joy, but the success of the transition is our biggest bet. Today we stand at a historic and decisive juncture: let us share responsibility and ensure that Syrians are given the opportunity to live in dignity, not just to survive, but to rise up and rebuild the country that they deserve.

I thank Ms. Chourbaji for her briefing. I shall now give the floor to those members of the Council who wish to make statements.

I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under-Secretary- General Fletcher for their briefings. Let me also thank Ms. Chourbaji, not only for her statement, but also for her tireless activism and advocacy for women in Syria. I also welcome the participation of the new Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic in today’s meeting. I welcome him to the Council. As we reflect on the past nine months in Syria, it is clear that much progress has been made. Syria is a very different country from the country that it was before 8 December 2024. Much remains to be done, but it has made significant strides for its people, its stability and its future. We look forward to President Al-Sharaa’s participation in the General Assembly next week, which we hope will mark the beginning of a new and stronger relationship between Syria and the United Nations, a relationship that supports a new framework for the Organization’s presence in the country. First, priority must be given to implementing an inclusive and transparent political process in line with resolution 2254 (2015). We hope that the selection of candidates to the People’s Assembly will be the first of many steps towards democracy. This new People’s Assembly needs to be genuinely inclusive of all Syrians, including Syria’s women, as we just heard. Without the full, equal and meaningful participation of Syrian women in the transitional process, it will not only lack legitimacy, but will also lack the input of more than half of Syria’s population. It is not only the right thing to do; it is the smart thing to do. We also urge that the elections to the People’s Assembly in Suwayda’ and Kurdish areas be organized as soon as possible. Secondly, the internal security situation remains highly volatile. We urge the transitional Government to demonstrate to its people that it is able to control and rein in all armed forces under its command. This is crucial for the sense of trust and security of all Syrians, regardless of ethnicity, religion or gender. In north-east Syria, we urge the transitional Government and the Syrian Democratic Forces to engage in further dialogue to move forward on implementing the agreement from March. The United Nations has offered assistance with mediation in this regard. Last month, the Council spoke with one voice condemning the attacks in Suwayda’ (see S/PV.9983). Denmark reiterates that condemnation forcefully today. We take note of yesterday’s proposed road map towards security in Suwayda’ and trust that the transitional Government continues to ensure credible, swift, transparent and impartial investigations, in line with international standards. We reiterate our deep concern over Israel’s strikes on Syrian territory, including Damascus, which creates a more dangerous security landscape. We also reiterate our call for the full implementation of the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement of Forces between Israel and Syria. Israel must withdraw from the area of separation, and the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force must be able to carry out its mandate. Thirdly, progress must be made to improve the humanitarian situation affecting communities across Syria, which are facing increasing challenges regarding access to livelihoods and services. The fundamental reason for this is obvious: decades of economic mismanagement and 14 years of devastating conflict. Added to this is the severe economic crisis, along with housing, land and property issues. As we heard from Ms. Chourbaji, harnessing the full potential of Syria’s population, including its women, will be critical in reviving and developing its economy. Denmark will continue to play its part. We have long been and remain committed as a major donor to Syria. We urge all Member States to join us and to increase their financial assistance to humanitarian efforts in Syria, instead of making the funding cuts that we heard Under-Secretary-General Fletcher describe. In conclusion, the path ahead for Syria will not be simple, nor without hardship, but it can be transformative. The international community, including the Council, must support it along the way. We owe this to the Syrian people, who suffered so much and fought so hard to get to where we are today. Denmark looks forward to working with all Council members and with Syria to this end.

We thank the Special Envoy for Syria, Mr. Geir Pedersen, and to the Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, Mr. Tom Fletcher, for their detailed assessments of the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic. We listened very carefully to the statement made by Ms. Chourbaji. We note that, despite the efforts made by the new Syrian authorities, the socioeconomic situation in Syria remains very unstable. The consequences of the conflict, ongoing instability and destroyed infrastructure are also having an impact. The country must be helped to overcome these challenges. Our readiness to assist A practical step towards Damascus on the part of the international community would be not only the lifting of all sanctions that were imposed, bypassing the Security Council — sanctions that are illegal and that should, as a matter of principle, be excluded from international practice — but also the launch of mechanisms for economic growth. This requires investment, long-term projects and genuine support from all States that consider themselves friends of Syria. At the same time, we must not lose sight of pressing humanitarian needs. We commend the efforts of United Nations humanitarian agencies, which assist an average of 3.5 million people every month. We agree that with sufficient funding, the United Nations could do far more. However, Syria’s humanitarian appeal is alarmingly underfunded at just 15 per cent, which is a record low and below the average if compared with other United Nations humanitarian operations. We believe that it is essential that efforts be stepped up to ensure sustainable and predictable funding. We note with deep concern that, with more than 16.5 million Syrians still in acute need of assistance, the situation ranks as one of the world’s most severe humanitarian crises. Food security is an especially pressing issue given the increasingly adverse climatic conditions, particularly the worst drought in recent years. As a result, the country’s capacity for agricultural production has been dramatically limited. In these conditions, it is essential not only to scale up food shipments but also to introduce climate-resilient farming technologies, including the so-called anticipatory approaches advocated by the Secretariat. Regrettably, however, the Syrian authorities’ stated readiness to build good- neighbourly relations has not been reciprocated by all of its neighbours. Not all of them are ready to help the country to get back on its feet. In particular, Israel has capitalized fully on the turbulent leadership transition. Since December 2024, West Jerusalem has occupied vast territories in the south of Syria, has conducted regular strikes on Syrian territory and has been openly interfering in the country’s internal affairs. We condemn Israel’s actions, which fly in the face of international law and violate Syria’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. We demand that Israel immediately withdraw its forces from the occupied territories and revert to complying with the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces in the Golan Heights. We are convinced that Israel’s security interests can be met only through pragmatic cooperation with Damascus. Attempts to destabilize the country and foment separatist tendencies are liable to plunge Syria into chaos and will only nurture a breeding ground for terrorism. We fundamentally object to Syrian territory being used as an arena for geopolitical rivalry and score-settling between various States. On the path to the full restoration of Syria’s sovereignty and the formation of State bodies representing all Syrians, the country will have to overcome many challenges, both external and internal. In this context, we were all alarmed to observe the upsurge in ethno-religious strife that has swept across the country in recent months. The fragile nature of the process of restoring the unity of the Syrian State is clear from the March massacre of Alawites on the west coast, the July clashes in Suwayda’ and the escalation of tensions in Damascus’s relations with the Kurdish north-east. The key to Syria’s stability and prosperity lies in due regard for the interests of all ethnic and religious groups of Syrian society. What also causes concern is the high level of terrorist threat in the country, which is clearly demonstrated by the June terrorist attack on the Antioch Orthodox Church of the Prophet Elias in the east of Damascus. The Syrian authorities should make every effort to combat the terrorist threat. Of particular importance in this context is the issue of foreign terrorist fighters, who have no place in the future of Syria. We expect Damascus to pay utmost attention to combating these worrisome phenomena. In this context, we are grateful to the Syrian leadership for the measures taken to ensure the safety of Russian citizens and facilities on Syrian territory. What remains one of the most pressing tasks facing the Syrian leadership in the upcoming period is strengthening State institutions and establishing an effective system of governance throughout the country. We support Damascus’s further steps to move forward with the transition period within the parameters set out in resolution 2254 (2015), with the participation of all Syrians and the assistance of the United Nations. It is important that this process be truly inclusive and geared towards restoring national unity. We will keep a close eye on the course of the parliamentary elections scheduled for this month, and we sincerely hope that the Syrian people will be able to overcome their internal differences and embark on a sustainable path of progress and development. All of Syria’s long-standing friends, including Russia, are in favour of such a scenario.

I thank Special Envoy Geir Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Tom Fletcher for their briefings and Ms. Majd Chourbaji for sharing her story and compelling perspective. I would also like to welcome the representative of the Syrian Arab Republic, who is with us today. The United States calls upon the Syrian Government to seize the opportunity afforded by President Trump’s sanctions relief. All Syrians deserve security, stability and prosperity, and they rightly expect their leaders to deliver. We are under no illusions about the scale of the challenge: after five decades of vicious and predatory Al-Assad rule, we know that it will take time to rebuild and that there will be some setbacks. But for Syria’s new leaders to succeed and maintain international support, they must ensure that every Syrian has a voice in how their country is governed, that every Syrian is protected regardless of their ethnicity or religion and that there is zero tolerance for abuses, no matter the perpetrator or the victim. Only with that shared respect and common purpose can the country move forward. Syria’s new leaders also need the support of foreign partners and especially those within the region. In that respect, we applaud countries like Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Türkiye and Jordan, which are stepping up to support Syrian institutions and restart the economy. The United States Government has worked with the Syrian Government and our Jordanian partners to design a road map to reconciliation after the horrific violence that occurred in Suwayda’, and we hope that all parties involved will take that opportunity to build a future together as a nation of equal rights and shared obligations. We know that many Member States share our vision of a Syria free from terrorism and Iranian interference, committed to peaceful relations with its neighbours, free of chemical weapons and with an open and transparent economy. We will continue to help Syria rebuild ties with its neighbours as a key element of regional peace and security. Constructive dialogue between Syria and Israel will only add to stability and prosperity for the region. We will also continue working with Syria to prevent the resurgence of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Sham. A critical element of success in this effort is the commitment by all Member States with nationals detained or displaced in north-east Syria to relocate them as soon as possible, either to their home country or a safe third country, and to work together to find solutions for remaining populations. We look forward to the events of high-level week, including the ministerial meeting hosted by the Government of Iraq focused on repatriation and rehabilitation of these third-country nationals in north-east Syria. We expect more commitments to this effort during the high-level week.

We join others in thanking Special Envoy, Geir Pedersen; the Under-Secretary-General, Tom Fletcher; and Ms. Majd Chourbaji for their briefings. The humanitarian situation in Syria remains very serious. Some 16.5 million people require assistance, of whom 7 million are internally displaced and 4.7 million are refugees. Insecurity, explosive remnants of war and extreme drought are adding to pressing needs with respect to food, health and the protection of the population. Panama recognizes the commendable efforts of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in the face of adverse conditions and reaffirms the importance of the secure and sustained access of humanitarian assistance to all communities without discrimination or conditions. We welcome the announcement of the Suwayda’ road map. That initiative reflects a commitment on various different important aspects by the Syrian interim authorities, with the backing of Jordan and the United States, to promote reconciliation. Panama underscores that this effort represents an opportunity to strengthen territorial unity, so that Suwayda’ can not only heal its physical wounds but also move forward in equity and hope together with all Syrians. Panama reiterates its support for the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Syria and emphasizes the value of the 1974 Disengagement Agreement and the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF). We stress the importance of all parties fully respecting that Agreement and supporting UNDOF’s mandate. We also welcome the upcoming participation of the interim President, Ahmad Al-Sharaa, in the general debate of the General Assembly. We believe that this step provides a valuable opportunity to reaffirm Syria’s commitment to multilateralism, to the principles of resolution 2254 (2015) and to international monitoring of a sustainable political solution. Another persistent challenge is the activity of Da’esh, whose adaptability and territorial expansion, including through the use of emerging technologies, represents a constant threat to national and regional stability. Panama is aware that re-establishing institutions, governance, security and inclusive electoral processes We also note that the political participation of women remains minimal. We therefore urge all parties to implement concrete measures to make sure that the voices of women can be heard, protected and empowered. We reiterate that the effective inclusion of women is essential for any authentic and sustainable peace process. Lasting stability in Syria will be possible only if women can participate equally and safely in public life. As the Arab proverb goes: if the foundation is weak, the roof will soon collapse. Now is the time to shore up a political transition process that brings together all voices and which articulates ideas that move away from the errors of the past. That is the only way to build a different future, a Syria in which every institution serves to protect, every voice is heard, and every human right is respected.

I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the African Members of the Security Council plus (A3+) namely, Guyana, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and my own country, Algeria. At the outset, the A3+ extends its sincere appreciation to Special Envoy Geir Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Tom Fletcher for their important briefings. The Syrian people look to tomorrow with both hope and apprehension, as expectations remain high while challenges are complex and difficult to overcome. As we have consistently highlighted, the A3+ stands ready to engage constructively to help the Syrian people achieve their legitimate aspirations and build a brighter future for their country, a future free from the legacy of violence and instability. In this regard, we wish to underscore the following five points. First, silencing the guns and fostering dialogue among all Syrians is essential for the country’s stability. We welcome the efforts of the Syrian Government and its endeavours to extend security and stability throughout all of its territory, including the road map for resolving the crisis in Sudwayda’ and stabilizing southern Syria. The A3+ calls for a nationwide ceasefire and stresses that arms must be under the exclusive authority of the Syrian State. In this context, we call for implementation of the March agreement with the Syrian Democratic Forces. Continued confrontation risks fuelling instability and creating fertile ground for the resurgence of terrorism, and in particular Da’esh. Secondly, we reiterate the importance of an inclusive, Syrian-led and Syrian- owned political process. It is essential that Syrians themselves determine the fate of their country. Legislative elections represent an important milestone, but they must be organized carefully and inclusively and in a manner that ensures credibility and legitimacy. Thirdly, the international community and, in particular, the United Nations, has a crucial role to play in supporting Syria throughout its transition. The A3+ calls for constructive engagement between the United Nations and the Syrian authorities and reaffirms its strong support for the United Nations and the work of the Special Envoy. Fifthly, the humanitarian needs in Syria remain immense, while support is insufficient, despite the efforts of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Rebuilding Syria requires the mobilization of the entire international community. Yes, the lifting of sanctions is a welcome step, but it is not enough. Without adequate assistance, refugees and displaced persons will be unable to return home, and Syria will not be able to reconnect with development and prosperity. The A3+ calls all donors to honour their pledges and urges the international community to extend meaningful and sustained support to Syria. At this critical juncture, the A3+ reaffirms its unwavering support for Syria’s sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial integrity. We remain fully convinced that only a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned process, supported by genuine international solidarity, can pave the way towards realizing the aspirations of the Syrian people for peace, for development and for dignity. The A3+ stands ready to continue working alongside the Syrian people, and with all partners, to achieve this goal.

I would like to thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Fletcher for their briefings, as well as Ms. Majd Chourbaji, representing civil society, for her remarks. I also extend a warm welcome to the newly appointed Permanent Representative of Syria. I wish Ambassador Olabi every success and assure him of my country’s full support. His appointment offers us a glimpse of what a new Syria could look like. After long shadows, hope is rising: a vision of a Syria in which the scars of war are not forgotten but serve to shape a better future for all Syrians. Allow me to make three points. First, the pain endured by the Syrian people over the past 14 years under Al-Assad’s rule has been immense. We understand the deep frustration with the inaction of the international community. However, while injustice is impossible to forget, it is time to try to look beyond that. Multilateralism ensures collective security, in which every country has a voice. As firm believers in this principle, we strongly support a renewed partnership — a reset — between the United Nations and Syria and stand ready to help to make it a reality. Secondly, we acknowledge steps taken by the transitional authorities, including the current formation of the People’s Assembly as a legislative body. Transparency and genuine inclusion, along with pluralism, remain essential for any lasting, political transition, in line with resolution 2254 (2015). In this regard, the full, equal and meaningful participation of women must be guaranteed. We strongly condemn recent atrocities and sectarian targeting of civilians in Suwayda’, Ladhiqiyah and elsewhere. Equal protection from the State, accountability and transitional justice, in line with international standards, must be central to national efforts. Long-term stability also requires comprehensive security sector reform and credible disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes. We encourage the interim authorities to continue cooperation with the United Nations and civil society, whose expertise will be crucial for a just and lasting peace. We welcome the road map between Syria, Jordan and the United States, aimed at resolving the crisis in Suwayda’ province. We Thirdly, violence must end and civilians must be protected. We are deeply concerned by reports of sectarian violence and the implications of continuing hostilities and extensive damage on the prospects for recovery, particularly its disproportionate impact on women and girls. Continued efforts will help to counter hate speech and the spread of disinformation, reduce polarization and promote reconciliation and mutual understanding among Syria’s diverse communities. Lastly, urgent humanitarian needs are still a reality for millions of people. This year’s devastating drought may increase the number of food-insecure people. Remaining hostilities are driving further displacement. Among the most vulnerable are women and girls, who face an increased risk of gender-based and sexual violence in conditions of displacement, depravity and insecurity. It is imperative that aid reaches all in need swiftly, safely and without obstruction. We support the tireless efforts of the United Nations, especially those of Special Envoy Pedersen, whose role remains essential in supporting an inclusive Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process. We stand ready to work with Syria, the Council and the international community to support a peaceful, stable and prosperous future — one the Syrian people have awaited for so long and so rightfully deserve.

We thank Special Envoy Geir Pedersen and Under- Secretary-General Tom Fletcher for their detailed, complementary briefings. Their updates highlight the immense challenges that Syria faces today. We also thank Ms. Chourbaji for her statement, and we welcome the presence of the new Permanent Representative of Syria in the Council today, as well as the participation of Iran, Türkiye and Iraq in this meeting. Syria has endured more than a decade of devastating conflict and immense human suffering. Its people have borne the brunt of destruction, displacement and hardship on an unimaginable scale. Mr. Pedersen rightly pointed to the massive legacy of conflict and civil strife, the imperative of economic and political stability driven by genuine inclusion and dialogue. He also referred to external intervention by Israel, terming it unacceptable and stating that it must stop. We in the Council know very well the extent to which this issue of foreign interference intertwined with occupation has been a perennial problem and a key destabilizing factor that manifests itself across the situations in the Middle East. Despite these challenges, recent developments have provided a glimmer of hope for Syria. This opportunity must be seized, and the Council has a special responsibility in that regard. We believe that the path ahead must be marked by political progress, economic recovery, security, stabilization and respect for Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. First, in this regard, it is essential that the political transition in Syria proceed in a smooth, credible and inclusive manner. We note, with optimism, the parliamentary elections scheduled for this month. These elections should serve as a stepping stone towards broader national reconciliation. It is imperative that all political and social groups in Syria be meaningfully represented and allowed a genuine stake in shaping their country’s future. Secondly, the lifting of multiple sanctions on Syria is a welcome development. Syria possesses a vibrant and talented population and diaspora. Its people are spirited Thirdly, and related to the above, is the fact that Syria’s stability is inseparable from the question of security, one which remains two-fold. On the one hand, the security situation in areas such as Suwayda’, the western coast and the north-east remains fragile and demands a healing touch and an action-oriented approach. We welcome the efforts by Syria, Jordan and the United States to stabilize Suwayda’ and the south of Syria. On the other hand, the persistent threat posed by the terrorist groups continues to endanger not only Syria but also the wider region. The presence of terrorist fighters underscores the urgency of this challenge. These concerns must be addressed comprehensively through both political and security measures, including the implementation of the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration reforms. Fourthly, all forms of external aggression against Syria must cease, and the occupation of Syrian territory after 8 December 2024 must be reversed. The occupation of the Syrian Golan must also end, in full compliance with international law and the relevant Security Council resolutions. The 1974 Disengagement Agreement should be strictly adhered to, and any new security arrangements must have the consent of the concerned parties and the endorsement of the Council. Syria’s road to lasting peace and stability requires sustained international solidarity, unwavering respect for its sovereignty and territorial integrity and tangible support to address its humanitarian and economic challenges. Pakistan stands in full solidarity with the brotherly people of Syria, and we will continue to support all efforts aimed at consolidating a sovereign, unified, inclusive, peaceful and prosperous Syria.

At the outset, I thank Mr. Geir Pedersen, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General, whose endeavours over all these years are to be commended, for the proposals that he made today. I am also grateful to Mr. Tom Fletcher, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, who highlighted for us the humanitarian emergency and the need to address it, and to Ms. Majd Chourbaji, an important voice in the new Syrian civil society. I extend a warm welcome to the new representative of Syria in New York and greet the representatives of Iraq, Iran and Türkiye. This is a historic moment for Syria, and the challenge facing the Council is clear — how should Syria be assisted? How should we rally around the country as it is getting back on its feet in the aftermath of a protracted and harrowing civil war and an even more protracted tyranny? To rebuild a Syria that enjoys reconciliation and is conducive to peace in the region, the entire international community must provide all the necessary support. It is our responsibility to do so. This challenge has three main dimensions. First, amid the security situation in Syria, joining forces with Syria is crucial to restoring civil peace and protecting all Syrians without distinction. The violence of recent months has revealed the magnitude of the threats to a restoration of unity nationwide and among all sectors of Syrian society. Political will from the authorities in Damascus is required, as is a tough stance towards troublemakers, as well as openness and political inclusiveness. A spirit of justice is needed. The report of the United Nations independent commission of inquiry into the violence in the coastal region must form the basis for reparations (A/HRC/59/CRP.4). Perseverance is needed for transitional justice to contribute gradually to assuaging the wounds of the past. Secondly, we must consider the humanitarian and economic dimension. To address the colossal needs of the Syrian population, it is incumbent upon us to provide humanitarian relief at scale and to help to kickstart the economy. After decades of misery and destruction, Syria — as we have heard — is experiencing immense economic hardship. The suffering is compounded by the worst drought that the country has experienced in nearly 40 years. Faced with this critical situation, it is our collective responsibility to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid throughout Syrian territory, as we heard from the Under-Secretary-General. We also commend the vital work now being done by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and humanitarian personnel in the aftermath of the violence in Suwayda’. We must also work with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and regional partners to establish a regional framework that enables Syria’s talents and vital forces to return home to build the Syria of tomorrow. The return of refugees from neighbouring countries, in particular, must be ensured, for the sake of the refugees themselves, for the reconstruction of Syria and for the stability of its neighbours. Beyond that, the Syrian population has every talent that it needs to rebuild and revive a dynamic economy that can make Syria into a regional hub of prosperity and innovation. France will provide its full support in mobilizing the necessary public and private capital. Moreover, at the European level, we have lifted sanctions against Syria to facilitate the country’s reconstruction. Finally, with regard to the political and diplomatic dimension, France, in line with the Paris declaration on Syria, is committed to supporting a successful Syrian transition and lasting regional stability. This transition must, of course, belongs to Syrians, as a process in which all Syrians must be confident that their voices are heard. The legislative elections scheduled for the end of September, the first since the fall of the Al-Assad regime, could mark the beginning of a transparent political process. Syria must respect all its communities and confessions: Sunni, Shia, Kurdish, Druze, Christian and Alawite. Women must be full and equal participants in the process of rebuilding the country Syria. This diversity has always been the country’s greatest asset. On 13 February, France hosted an international conference at which, together with Syrians, we helped define the principles and objectives of international support for the country. France is committed to this peaceful transitional process that will build a new Syria. In conclusion, Syria must be integrated fully into the regional environment by building a new relationship with Lebanon, based on equality and mutual respect, breaking with the toxic relations of previous decades; and by seeking peace with Israel, which, for its part, must halt its shelling and military activities in the country, withdraw from the Golan area and seize the historic opportunity presented by a Syria eager to normalize relations with its neighbours. The presence of President Al-Sharaa in New York next week should provide an opportunity for the Secretary-General and the United Nations to define, together with him, the new kind of presence of the United Nations, for the purposes of unity, sovereignty, peace, reconciliation, democracy and the reconstruction of Syria. I want to highlight three points today. First, the vision of a new Syria will be realized only once a truly inclusive political transition has been achieved. Syria is a country of tremendous wealth, a wealth that lies in its ethnic, religious and cultural diversity. After years of suffering, all Syrians deserve a country in which they feel protected, safe and included. In this context, we took careful note of the announcement of the selection of two thirds of the country’s legislative council by regional electoral committees. New legislative structures need to ensure democratic legitimacy and a fair representation for all. We regret the security conditions that led to the suspension of the electoral process in the Druze-dominated Suwayda’ and the Kurdish-controlled governorates. We expect the political transition to include all Syrians: Muslims, Christians, Druze, Kurds and, importantly, women. It is clear that only if all religious and ethnic groups feel safe and politically represented can Syria move forward on its path to reconciliation, social cohesion and economic development. In this regard, it is encouraging that last month, Syria’s transitional President met with the Patriarch of Antioch, the leader of a community that has suffered a lot, especially in the Mar Elias Church terrorist attack this summer. Secondly, Syria’s volatile security landscape must be properly addressed, especially as the terrorist threat persists. Perpetrators of violence, regardless of affiliation, must be brought to justice, in line with international norms. We welcome the road map agreed by Syria, Jordan and the United States on restoring stability in Suwayda’, expecting full accountability. Similarly, there must be follow up on the report of the commission of inquiry on the violations committed against civilians in coastal and western central Syria earlier this year. We urge the interim authorities to do so. Equally, we hope that genuine progress on the implementation of the March agreement between Damascus and the Syrian Democratic Forces will be made possible, in the context of wider efforts to assure safety and inclusivity for all Syrians. All regional actors must respect international law, refraining from incitement, the threat or the use of force and malign influence or interference. Thirdly, Syria needs to rebound, as its economy is currently in disarray and humanitarian needs remain urgent. Aware of the challenges on the ground, the European Union (EU) was swift in lifting sanctions, in line with a gradual and reversible approach. It also introduced new listings under the EU global human rights sanctions regime, targeting those responsible for serious human rights abuses. Syria needs to be rebuilt for the refugees to return home. Involving the diverse and wealthy Syrian diaspora to this end is necessary. In this sense, we reaffirm Syria’s unity, independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, urging all to respect them fully. With the eightieth session of the General Assembly now upon us, Syria stands at a crossroads. We look forward to the address by Syria’s transitional President next week, which will certainly be a significant milestone in the country’s history. We will remain hopeful but also vigilant, especially regarding a new Syria that is inclusive of all and free from foreign interference. Greece stands by the side of the Syrian people and the United Nations along this path.

I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Fletcher for their briefings. I listened attentively to the China and Syria are friendly nations. China has always been committed to developing a friendly relationship that works for all Syrian people. We have never interfered in Syria’s internal affairs. We respect the choices made by Syrians themselves. In the current context, the international community should provide constructive support for an early return to peace and stability in Syria. The Syrian interim authorities should take concrete steps to positively respond to the concerns of the international community. I will make three points. First, it is important to stay firmly committed to an inclusive political transition. China supports the interim Syrian authorities in making efforts on the basis of the principles laid out in resolution 2254 (2015) so as to continue the dialogue and the consultations with all parties in Syria with a view to achieving national reconciliation at an early date and shaping a broad-based and inclusive governance structure. Syria cannot afford another outbreak of massive violence. It is important to take the voices of all Syrian communities seriously, fully respect their rights and protect their safety equally. Syria is set to hold elections for the interim People’s Assembly. The United Nations could provide assistance in this regard. Secondly, it is essential to resolutely combat terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. With foreign terrorist fighters operating rampantly within Syria’s borders, the counter-terrorism landscape remains daunting in Syria. As long as terrorists remain present, Syria will struggle to return to the path of normal development. Syria should effectively fulfil its counter-terrorism obligations by taking all the measures necessary to combating all Council-listed terrorist organizations, including the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement, and earning the trust of the international community through tangible action. Counter-terrorism efforts must follow a zero-tolerance approach and leave no room for the shielding and condoning of terrorism or even its exploitation for political purposes. Thirdly, it is imperative to help to ease the humanitarian plight as soon as possible. The international community, especially traditional donors, should step up their humanitarian commitments and support Syrian humanitarian operations with sufficient funding. The parties in Syria should fulfil their obligations under international humanitarian law by ensuring unhindered humanitarian access, guaranteeing the safety and security of humanitarian workers and facilitating United Nations humanitarian operations. We are confident that, with the help of the international community, the Syrian people will ride out this difficult time. In dealing with the Syrian issue, the international community should consistently adhere to one fundamental principle, namely that the sovereignty, security and territorial integrity of Syria must be fully respected by all. We call on Israel to cease its military operations against Syria and immediately withdraw from Syrian territory. As a strategic partner of the countries of the Middle East, China stands ready to join the international community to continue playing a constructive role in achieving lasting peace and stability in Syria and restoring peace and tranquility to the wider Middle East region. Dame Barbara Woodward (United Kingdom): I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Fletcher for briefing us today. I also thank Ms. Chourbaji for her powerful testimony, which outlined the horrific toll that the former regime took on her family and on the families of so many Syrians. The United Kingdom stands with her, as she builds a better future. I would also like to take the opportunity to welcome to the Security Council the new Syrian Permanent Representative, with I will make three points. First, the Syrian Government has made progress in seeking to foster genuine national reconciliation and in laying the foundations for State institutions that work for, and represent, all of Syria. This includes recent steps towards holding indirect elections for the People’s Assembly and the efforts of the Supreme Committee for Elections to the People’s Assembly to consult across Syria and guarantee that at least 20 per cent of electors are female. We encourage the Government to continue to prioritize women’s meaningful participation in the political transition and to use this opportunity to take further steps to ensure a representative and inclusive political process. We also encourage further concrete progress in the negotiations between the Syrian Democratic Forces and the Syrian Government to build towards a unified and more secure Syria. Secondly, we reiterate our call on Israel to refrain from actions that risk destabilizing Syria and to respect Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The United Kingdom welcomes the ongoing engagement between Syria and Israel. Dialogue and diplomacy, not military action, will help to achieve a more peaceful future for both countries and for the region. Thirdly, we acknowledge the progress made on aid access in Suwayda’, which Under-Secretary-General Fletcher described for us, but call on parties to focus on a solution for peace. One hundred and eighty thousand people remain displaced in southern Syria, with significant humanitarian needs. We urge that priority be given to restoring critical infrastructure such as water and electricity as soon as possible. Likewise, as the new school year starts, we urge the Government to assist those displaced to return home so that children can continue their schooling at this critical moment. We welcome the efforts of Syria, Jordan and the United States in developing a road map to address the crisis in Suwayda’ and stabilize southern Syria. Next week, we will see the historic visit of President Al-Sharaa to the United Nations, and we look forward to then hearing more details on his vision for a secure and prosperous Syria that delivers for the rights and needs of all Syrians. We reiterate the importance of the Council taking the necessary measures to bolster Syria’s economy, including reforming United Nations sanctions. The United Nations can also play a crucial role in supporting Syria’s transition and, in this regard, we look forward to hearing from the Secretary-General on his recommendations for the United Nations future role and footprint in Syria.

I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of the Republic of Korea. I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Fletcher for their informative briefings, and I also take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to Ms. Chourbaji for sharing compelling stories. We hope that Ms. Chourbaji’s statement today will serve as a fresh reminder that ensuring inclusivity in economic recovery is also an imperative goal that should not be obscured by security developments. Let me briefly touch upon the following three points. First, noting that this week’s elections have been postponed, we call on Syria to exercise the utmost caution in holding any future elections that may lead to a divided Syria. Since the fall of the Al-Assad regime, Security Council members have repeatedly called for parliamentary elections as a means of forming a full Government with democratic legitimacy. As a Member State that held the first elections in its history under the auspices of the United Nations, we can also relate Secondly, all foreign intervention and occupation should be halted immediately. While the security talks between Syria and Israel have given the international community a glimmer of hope amid the ever-worsening regional security landscape, air strikes and ground incursions by the Israel Defense Forces in recent days give little optimism for a better tomorrow. Respecting other countries’ territorial integrity is the basic tenet of international relations, and all hostilities violating Syria’s territorial sovereignty must stop. Lastly, we urge Syria to prioritize combating terrorism and preventing a resurgence of extremist ideologies. Recent weeks witnessed the deeply concerning re-emergence of both Da’esh and anti-government insurgency, adding yet another layer of security concerns to the fragile situation. These very same security concerns are also cited as the main barriers to return by more than 75 per cent of refugees abroad, further undermining prospects for durable resettlement and national reconciliation. We therefore urge Damascus to prioritize, at all costs, demobilizing and repatriating foreign terrorist fighters. Likewise, robust vetting and rehabilitation measures should be implemented to prevent extremists from taking charge of national security, and those responsible for sectarian violence must be held fully accountable. I now resume my functions as President of the Security Council. I give the floor to the representative of the Syrian Arab Republic.

I congratulate you, Mr. President, and your team on your stewardship of the work of the Security Council this month, and I thank Mr. Geir Pedersen, Special Envoy for Syria, and Mr. Tom Fletcher, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, for their briefings. I also greet and express my appreciation to Ms. Majd Chourbaji from civil society for her valuable briefing and for her resilience, following her painful experience with the former regime. It reminds all of us of what we liberated ourselves from. Let me assure her that the voice of Syrian civil society will be welcomed by the Mission, as this is the new Syria. I also welcome the statements of Council members, which, it appears to me, have unified the Council around this historic opportunity for Syria, the region and the United Nations, and in which each Council member spoke of hope. Here, I would like to add, in terms of our responsibility as a Government, hope and work. Less than a year ago, before the fall of the regime, a young Syrian woman spoke in the Council, from the seat that my colleagues and I were sitting above. She raised her voice against injustice and tyranny, courageously and steadfastly echoing the cries of freedom, and showed the Council a picture of one of the squares of the revolution in the country, the square of dignity in Suwayda’. From that square, the cry for freedom and against injustice and tyranny has rung out every single day. Today, despite the painful wounds and tragic incidents that broke the hearts of Syrians, Suwayda’ and its honourable people have been and will remain in the heart of every Syrian, as will all Syrian governorates and every part of this country that was watered with the blood of Syrians — men and women — who revolted for freedom and dignity. One of the first items of this road map was the call for the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic to conduct an investigation into the recent events and the Syrian Government’s commitment to hold all perpetrators of violations accountable. All those present know that in the new Syria, we extended the Commission’s mandate and cooperated with it, setting a historic precedent, and that the Syrian Government, in turn, has already begun arresting a number of individuals accused of committing violations who are officials from the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior, as witnessed by many credible international media outlets. In this context, we stress that accountability must include all perpetrators of violations without exception and without discrimination, and that the families of the victims must feel that justice has been served. This road map lays the foundation for gradually building trust, promoting national reconciliation, ensuring the delivery of humanitarian aid, restoring basic services, rebuilding damaged villages and property, establishing a local police force that includes all components of society in the governorate and establishing an inclusive national discourse that celebrates pluralism, rejects hate speech and extremism and enshrines equality before the law. The road map also contains other provisions that constitute an important step towards restoring stability in the south and consolidating the unity of Syria’s land and people. Today Syria is moving forward on the path to recovery and reconstruction, completing one phase after another. Following the country’s liberation from tyranny, the preservation of State institutions and the filling of the presidential vacuum, a national dialogue was launched, followed by the formation of a diverse, competency- based Government. Today efforts to conduct an electoral process continue, a process that is tailored to the particular characteristics of the transitional phase and to post- conflict challenges, with the aim of filling the legislative vacuum. The electoral process will be the first of its kind in many decades to be based on the separation of powers. In this context, we welcome the agreements between the High Electoral Commission and a number of civil society organizations. The Government wants these elections to be a genuine opportunity for all Syrian men and women to participate in shaping the future of the country. The decrees regulating the elections stress the representation of all Syrians and guarantee the participation of the most vulnerable categories. Women will be represented by a percentage of no less of 20 per cent in the list of candidates. We have allowed ample room for judicial and media oversight and have even invited international organizations and diplomatic missions to observe the electoral process. Syria believes that these elections, despite the difficulties and challenges, will be a first step towards establishing civil peace and building institutions that truly represent all Syrian men and women and embody their aspirations. Syria condemns the Israeli attacks in the strongest terms and once again calls on the Security Council to take immediate action to condemn those attacks, prevent their recurrence and compel the Israeli occupation authorities to withdraw their forces from the Syrian territory into which they have made incursions over the past few months and end their occupation of the Syrian Golan in compliance with the relevant United Nations resolutions, notably resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) and 497 (1981). Efforts by the international community to achieve a quantum leap at the humanitarian and developmental levels are still less than hoped for. Many Syrians — as shown by the figures we heard earlier — are suffering from a severe lack of basic services. They are also suffering from challenges stemming from the dangerous and catastrophic impact of climate change and the worst drought in three decades, which is depriving the Syrian people of their basic water needs and posing a serious threat to agricultural production and food security. That is not to mention explosives and mines left behind by the war, which are an obstacle to the return of refugees and displaced persons and the recovery of agricultural land. Despite the success stories that both I and you have spoken about, overcoming the challenges we have mentioned will require mobilizing international efforts and strengthening positive international engagement in support of Syria and the Syrian people. Support must be provided to programmes to reinvigorate vital sectors. Humanitarian and development programmes must be stepped up. Announced pledges to fund the humanitarian response plan must be fulfilled. In that connection, I would be remiss if I did not express our gratitude to the Member States and the Security Council for the facilities they have provided to allow the Syrian delegation to take part at this historic moment in the proceedings of the high-level week of the eightieth session of the General Assembly. The Syrian Government reaffirms its firm commitment to continue its cooperation and partnership with the United Nations and its specialized agencies. We call on the United Nations to strengthen its efforts to support the Syrian people during this pivotal phase of our history. Damascus, which has always been the heart of Syria and the symbol of its unity, will continue to be the unifying home of all Syrians and open its arms to them regardless of affiliation or creed. Their diversity is a source of strength and richness. It proves that Syria was and continues to be strong in the face of all attempts to divide it. The Syrian people, with its common history and deep-rooted heritage, today stand as one with their gaze towards the future. They reject terrorism, hate speech and extremism, and are determined to turn the page on pain and suffering and build a homeland for all their people without exception, without marginalization and without exclusion — a united homeland rich in diversity, steadfast in its sovereignty and free to determine its fate and move forward based on the will of its people towards a bright future created together by all Syrians, including men, women and youths.

I now give the floor to the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

We thank the Special Envoy, Mr. Pedersen, and the Under-Secretary-General, Mr. Fletcher, for their informative and insightful briefings. We take note of the statement delivered by Ms. Majd Chourbaji. First, the humanitarian situation in Syria is dire and continues to deteriorate. Critical funding shortfalls threaten life-saving aid operations, leaving millions of Syrians vulnerable. We commend the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations agencies and humanitarian partners for their tireless efforts to deliver assistance under extremely difficult circumstances. Full, safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access to all affected communities in strict accordance with the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence is essential. Beyond the urgent need for humanitarian relief, Syria continues to confront profound economic challenges, an escalating food crisis, inflation, devastated infrastructure, a broken supply chain, an energy shortage and a recurring drought threatening the very survival of millions. These hardships are the direct result of years of unilateral coercive measures imposed in Syria — measures that are illegal, illegitimate and in blatant violation of the Charter of the United Nations. These illegal measures gravely hinder recovery, obstruct reconstruction and exacerbate the suffering of the Syrian people. They must be lifted in their entirety without conditions to allow Syria to rebuild its economy, restore livelihoods and enable the safe and dignified return of refugees and internally displaced persons. Sanctions must never be used as instruments of political coercion or to interfere in Syria’s internal affairs. Secondly, on the security situation, the ceasefire arrangements remain fragile, while insecurity persists in Suwayda’ and other regions. Terrorist groups such as Da’esh and Al-Qaida and affiliated foreign terrorist fighters continue to destabilize Syria and the wider region, seriously undermining regional and international peace and security. Also, the Security Council must not ignore the ongoing destabilizing and aggressive actions of the Israeli regime in Syria. Iran emphasizes that all foreign occupation must end. Israeli acts of aggression, including repeated air strikes against Syrian territory, constitute flagrant violations of international law and the Charter of the United Nations. The Council must not remain silent on these violations. Thirdly, on the political process, lasting peace and stability in Syria can only be achieved through a comprehensive, Syrian-owned and Syrian-led political process, free from foreign interference and coercion. This process must be genuinely inclusive of all communities. Excluding key groups would only deepen grievances, undermine legitimacy and risk destabilizing an already fragile situation. Such a process must safeguard the legitimate rights and aspirations of all Syrians, while preserving Syria’s sovereignty, independence, unity and national institutions. In this context, we support the recent diplomatic engagement of the Special Envoy with Syrian authorities in Damascus, regarding the inclusive political transition. Fourthly, on Iran’s principled position, we reiterate that the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of Syria must be fully respected. Any attempt to impose external agendas or to fragment the country is unacceptable. We are concerned by agendas or demands for federalization or autonomy. Mishandled, these aspirations could fuel fragmentation and renewed conflict. Addressed responsibly through an inclusive national dialogue, under the auspices of the United Nations, they could, instead, contribute to reconciliation and stability. Iran will continue to support the Syrian people and their efforts to restore peace and to ensure stability, reconstruction and national reconciliation, fully in line with the will of the Syrian people themselves.

I now give the floor to the representative of Iraq.

I am honoured to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of Arab States. We welcome the new Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic, His Excellency Ambassador Ibrahim Olabi, to New York. The members of the Arab Group are ready to continue to cooperate with the Permanent Mission of Syria to support the efforts by the Syrian Government and the aspirations of the Syrian people at this delicate juncture. The Arab Group firmly supports and welcomes the efforts of the Syrian Government to restore security and stability in all its territories. This includes the road map to resolve the Suwayda’ crisis and achieve stability in the south of Syria which was adopted by the Syrian Arab Republic, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the United States of America at the tripartite meeting in the Syrian capital, Damascus. The Arab Group stresses the need to continue the Syrian-led and Syrian-owned comprehensive political process, based on intra-Syrian dialogue, free from any foreign interference, a process that would fulfil the aspirations of the Syrian people, with all its components, further national reconciliation and civil peace and preserve the unity of Syria, its sovereignty and its territorial integrity. The Arab Group condemns, in the strongest terms, the repeated attacks by the Israeli entity on Syrian territories. We categorically reject any pretexts to justify these hostile policies against Syria. We warn against dubious Israeli attempts to exploit the internal situation in Syria in order to stoke sectarian strife. We call upon the Security Council to bear its responsibility and to compel the Israeli occupation authorities to stop their violations and to fully withdraw from all occupied Syrian territories, most notably the occupied Syrian Arab Golan, in implementation of the relevant Security Council resolutions, especially resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) and 497 (1981), and to comply with the 1974 Agreement on Disengagement between Israeli and Syrian Forces. The Arab Group stresses the need to enhance humanitarian action in Syria. We call upon the international community to increase its funding for the humanitarian response plan, which remains severely underfunded. This would contribute to fulfilling basic needs and creating conditions conducive to the safe, voluntary and dignified return of refugees and displaced people. We express our deep appreciation to the countries that are hosting Syrian refugees. We call for greater international support for host countries that cannot bear this burden by themselves. In this context, the Arab Group welcomes decisions to lift economic sanctions against Syria. Ending this issue once and for all is necessary to alleviate the suffering of the Syrian people and to allow the Syrian Government to effectively engage in early recovery efforts, reconstruction, sustainable development and the achievement of security and stability. Supporting Syria at this critical juncture is a moral and political obligation for the international community. It is important to mobilize efforts to enhance different forms of international support for Syria, including increasing investment and fostering economic cooperation to contribute to bolstering security, stability, development and reconstruction. That would guarantee the construction of a secure and prosperous future that is commensurate with the aspirations of the brotherly Syrian people. The Arab Group reiterates that the security and stability of Syria is part and parcel of Arab and regional security. Preserving the unity of Syria and the national institutions of Syria guarantees the prevention of the destabilization of the region, The Arab Group expresses its full support for efforts by Syria to counter terrorism, to secure its borders and to fight the trafficking of arms and narcotics. It is important to support these efforts and enhance cooperation to bolster regional security and the fight against transnational threats. The Arab Group calls on the Syrian Government to continue cooperating with the international community to tackle and eradicate the threat of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. In conclusion, the Arab Group reaffirms its full solidarity with the Syrian Arab Republic and calls on the international community to strengthen cooperation, redouble efforts and seize this opportunity to support the Syrian people on their path towards peace, stability and development.

I now give the floor to the representative of Türkiye.

I would like to thank Special Envoy Pedersen, Under- Secretary-General Fletcher and Ms. Chourbaji. The Syrian Government has made remarkable progress since December despite the scale of the challenges. Rehabilitation projects in infrastructure are already under way, and access to electricity in the country has improved. The reconstruction process will accelerate only once all natural resources come under the control of the Syrian Government for the benefit of the Syrian people as a whole. We are encouraged to observe that Syria’s engagement with the international community is advancing along a steady and constructive path. The participation of the Syrian President in the General Assembly during high-level week will be of enormous importance in reinforcing this engagement. Türkiye will continue to support the lifting of all sanctions as the Syrian Government pursues its reconstruction agenda. The new period in Syria requires sustained efforts to ensure peace and stability on the basis of its territorial integrity and unity. A Syria that has re-established its sovereignty, territorial integrity and stability is also key to preventing wider security risks. Empowering the Syrian Government is essential to achieving this goal. From the outset, Türkiye has facilitated the mobilization of regional and international efforts to engage with the new Government. It is important not to lose sight of the need to achieve stability and security. The Syrian Government is committed to improving the safety and security of the country for all its people, and this should be supported. In this regard, we welcome the road map announced by Syria, Jordan and the United States. It seeks to preserve calm, ensure stability and prevent renewed conflict in Suwayda’ governorate. Türkiye will support initiatives that promote peace, security and stability for all components of Syrian society. But it is also essential for Israel to reconsider its policy of aggression and of keeping Syria weak and fragmented and to recognize that Syria’s stability will also serve security for all in the region. Recent developments have also underscored the importance of a comprehensive and transparent political transition process that is supported by all segments of society. We hope that the upcoming elections to the People’s Assembly will contribute to this end. It is equally important that the Syrian Government assume control in the northeast, including over camps and detention centres. This would create conditions conducive to enhanced regional cooperation towards the definitive defeat of the Da’esh terror organization. The international community should rely on the Syrian Government to lead a credible, effective and accelerated process of repatriation from the camps. The establishment of a centralized Administration and a national army is indispensable for unity and stability. National security must be ensured through Keeping Syria on track is our shared responsibility. The period ahead requires constructive engagement with the Syrian Government and closer international cooperation. Türkiye will remain fully committed to this vision.

I now give the floor to Mr. Geir Pedersen to respond to comments. Mr. Pedersen: I take the floor not to respond to comments, but to make an announcement. I wish to let the Council know that I have informed the Secretary- General of my intention to step down after more than six and a half years serving as the Special Envoy for Syria and that he has graciously accepted my request. First, let me underscore that I am — and I believe that we all are — deeply indebted and profoundly grateful to the Syrian people, who have shown extraordinary courage and humanity throughout these years. Today, we heard two very impressive voices: Ms. Chourbaji and the new Permanent Representative, and I am going to miss out on listening to them. But, as my family and colleagues know, it has been my intention for quite some time to move on for personal reasons, after a long period of service. Yet given the extraordinary changes in Syria and the opening of a new chapter, it has also been both my duty and, indeed, my privilege, to remain in office and to help to guide the United Nations political efforts in the first crucial months of this historical period of political transition. I will be departing in the near future, but I assure Council members that I will remain fully engaged in my responsibilities until my final day in office. I again extend my deepest gratitude to the Secretary-General for his trust and unwavering support and, indeed, to my exceptional team for their tireless dedication, as well as to the Security Council for its sustained backing throughout this journey. It has been a pleasure. My experience in Syria has affirmed an enduring truth that sometimes it is darkest before dawn. For so long, progress seemed absolutely impossible, until it suddenly came. Few have endured suffering as profound as the Syrian people, and few have demonstrated such resilience and determination. Today, Syria and the Syrian people have a new dawn, and we must ensure that this becomes a bright day; they deserve this so much.

I thank Special Envoy Pedersen for his further statement. The representative of Algeria has asked for the floor to make a further statement.

First, I am taking the floor to apologize to Ms. Majd Chourbaji, whom I failed to welcome this morning on behalf of the three African members of the Security Council, namely, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and my own country, Algeria, as well as Guyana (A3+). I can assure her that we, the A3+, have listened carefully to her very interesting briefing. Secondly, again on behalf of the A3+, I want to express our deep appreciation to Mr. Pedersen for his tireless efforts in supporting the Syrian people and Syria, overcoming the consequences of a devastating conflict and navigating a rather challenging transition period. His professionalism, his commitment and his dedication have been invaluable throughout this journey, and we wish him all the best. Looking

The representative of the Syrian Arab Republic has asked for the floor to make a further statement. I give him the floor.

I will be speaking in English. On 7 December 2024, both Mr. Pedersen and I were together in Doha when we received the news that the regime had fallen. Being a Special Envoy for any conflict, let alone the one that we Syrians have known, is no easy job — I think that everyone around this table can agree with me on this point. This is perhaps not unique to Syria, but Syria has presented incredible challenges for all the envoys who were entrusted with such a big responsibility. But what perhaps is unique to the Syrian situation in relation to the Special Envoy’s departure is that he departs on a note of hope, amid a success story — a hopeful story — and with well wishes from millions of Syrians, having endured so much criticism and so much pressure to be able to serve them. I wish him and his family, who I am sure endured just as much during that period, all the best. And we look forward to engaging with the Secretary-General and all Council members in working with his successor in a way that preserves Syrian sovereignty and fulfils the aspiration of the Syrian people.

I believe I can express the Council’s gratitude for Mr. Pedersen’s service during these challenging times. I wish him the very best in his future endeavours. The Council will continue to work with him until the completion of his mission and stands ready to cooperate with his successor in supporting Syria and the Syrian people in their inclusive transition.