S/PV.1789 Security Council

Prior to the convening of today’s meeting, agreement was reached in con&ltationswith members of the Council on the draft resolution which has been circulated as document S/11402. In accordance with the existing understanding, I intend to put that draft resolution to the vote now and then to call on those who wish to explain their vote or to take part in the discussion. There being no objection, I put to the vote the draft resolution. A vote was taken by show of hands. In favour: Australia, Austria, Costa Rica, Prance, Indonesia, Iraq, Kenya, Mauritania, Peru, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Cameroon, United States of America. Against: None. Abstaining: Byeiomssian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The draft resolution was adopted by 12 votes to none, with 2 abstentions.’ One member (China) did not participate in ihe voting.

Now the Council will hear those representatives who have expressed the wish to speak after the vote. 8. Mr. HUANG Hua (China) ttrrmslrrtion from Chinese): The Chinese delegation did not take part in the voting on the draft resolution contained in document S/11402. In our explanation of vote before the voting at yesterday’s meeting [/78&h meeting], the Chinese delegation already made clear our

M’r. President. I wish to congratulate you on assuming the burdensome job I See resolution 355 (1974). 11. The resolution we have just adopted is substantially the same as the draft resolution we voted for yesterday [S///400]. We all know the circumstances under which we failed to adopt the draft resolution yesterday. Before voting yesterday, my delegation explained its vote and indicated very clearly the areas in which we had serious reservations, and for the record I should like to say that every word I uttered yesterday regarding our reservations then, applies to the resolution we have just adopted. 12. M,r. NJINfi (United Republic of Cameroon) (interpretntion frwr~ French): Mr. President, I take pleasure in addressing to you the warm congratulations of the delegation of Cameroon upon your accession and return to the high post of President of the Security Council for the current month. My country enjoys excellent relations with yours, relations which are reflected in those between our two missions to the United Nations. In the discharge of your functions as President of the Council, be assured that you can count on the full co-operation of the delegation of Cameroon. 13. Before proceeding further, 1 should also like to extend my delegation’s cordial congratulations to Mr. P&ez de Cuellar for the very distinguished manner in which he conducted the work of the Council during the month of July. 14. Resolution 353 (1974), in ihe preparation of which my delegation took an active part, calls, among other things, for a cease-fire that will make possible the saving of human lives in Cyprus. It also calls upon all States to respect the independence sovereignty and territorial integrity of the island. My delegation once again is ready to co-operate with all those who, in this forum as elsewhere, are aiming at measures that will facilitate the full implementation of this resolution. IS. As I had occasion to say yesterday, the draft resolution in questiorl-which unfortunately did not receive the affirmative vote of all the members of the Council-contains exactly the same provisions as those in resolution 353 (1974) concerning respect for the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the island. This is the reason why we supported it fully. We ask for only one thing: that all the parties concerned fully implement the provisions of the text we have just adopted. 16. Mr. SA!,AZAK (Costa Rica) (irlterp~ettrtioit.f,wn Sprrnish): Mr. President, my delegation wishes to congratulate you on your assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for this month. Your valuable 18. Having said that, my delegation would like to explain its vote, It is gratified at the result of the voting inasmuch as the Council has thus reaffirmed its commitment to the peace-making mission it undertook with regard to the problem of Cyprus through the adoption of resolution 353 (1974). Subsequent action, in particular that now entrusted to the Secretary- General, will be based on the new resolution just adopted by the Council, and my delegation has therefore been most pleased to vote for that resolution.

Mr. President, I salute you as you return refreshed and relaxed from the Soviet Union in time to assume the presidency of the Security Council. I express the hope that, with your broad experience, we can all join together this month to help promote peace. 20. I wish to pay a particular tribute to the skill and wisdom with which Mr. Wrez de Cudllar guided our deliberations during the past rather difficult month. The Council has seem many distinguished presidents, but I am sure that the gentle wisdom and the performance of the representative of Peru will rank among the very highest. 21. I am glad that we have done today what we should have done yesterday. As Mr. Bennett told the Council last night, the United States delegation believes it entirely appropriate to urge the Secretary- Oeneral‘ to take immediately any steps necessary to fulfil the recommendation in paragraph 5 of resolution 186 (1964), which reads as follows: “that the function of the Force should be, in the interest of preserving international peace and security, to use its best efforts to prevent a recurrence of fighting and, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions”. 22. In the adoption of the two previous resolutions which the Council has considered in the last few davs [353 (1974) find 354 (197411, some important f&t steps had already been taken to normalize conditions in Cyprus. By approving today’s resolution, we can speed up the full implementation of resolution 353 (1974). 23. The Council has now acted to maintain and to encourage the momentum toward peace that has been generated. We are confident that all parties involved in the complex Cyprus situation will do their utmost to keep the peace and to maintain the cease-fire, 25. Like the majority of the Council, my delegation was disappointed and concerned when it proved impossible yesterday to take prompt action of the kind needed to help make the cease&e effective and thus to enhance the prospects fop peace. We are concerned that delay offered opportunity for further violence. Today we have acted; and I b&eve WC can congratulate ourscrves that the Council has again acted as it should in a moment of crisis. 32. One cannot fail to note that military intervention is continuing on the island and that nothing has been done to restore the lawful constitutional Government of Cyprus headed by Arch’bishop Makarios. 26. Mr. TCHERNOLJCHTCHENKO (Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic) ffrunslarion from Rarssim): First, Mr. President, permit me to congratulate you warmly on the fact that you are presiding over the Security Council at this time when the Council has the responsible task of considering the events taking alace in CYDIUS. At the same time. we should like to ihank Mr.-$&ez de CuCllar of Per&, who before you took offtce did a great deal to ensure that the Council actively participated in the solution of this important and urgent problem. 33. Can it be right, gentlemen, that the Drovisions of this resolution are nit being implemented? Can we take this calmly; can we remain indifferent to it? 34. In this connexion, it must be emphasized that the Security Council has a heavy responsibility. 35. As we have already said, the basis for a political settlement in Cyprus must be Security Council resolution 353 (1974), but this entails the task of implementing all the provisions of the resolution in full. We are deeply convinced that it was precisely in order to achieve that purpose that draft resolution S/l 1391 was introduced by the delegation of the Soviet Union on 29Julv. The Bvelorussian delenation considers that the acceptance by the Council OF the ideas set forth in that draft resolution would be the best way out of the existing situation. 27. Already more than two weeks have passed since the functioning of the lawful, constitutional Govemment of the Republic of Cyprus headed by Archbishop Makarlos was paralysed by the revolt of Greek ofIlcers, the barefaced military aggression of the Greek military iunta then in Dower. The situation in C~twus has been “&owing daili more and more combiex, and the subsequent events have created a serious threat to peace and security in that area. 36. At the same time, as our delegation has repeatedly stated, we are ready to act in a constructive spirit, taking into account the views of other countries. In this we basr ourselves, of coursepon the premise that the actions of the Council must be in keeping with the interests of the C. arlot ueonle. of both communities. and serve the puGbse ot defending the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Cyprus. 28. It goes without saving that the responsibility for this is borne by certain circles in NATO by those forces that do not tind the independence of Cyprus and its policy as a no?aligned State to their liking. 29. At the same time, we should like particularly to emphasize the fact that the threat to the independence and State sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, far from having been removed in recent days, is beco,ming increasingly dangerous for the fate of that counlry. No less acute and dangerous is the situation in respect of the territorial integrity of Cyprus. 37. Some delegations, as was seen in the earlier debates, place great hope for a settlement of the Cyprus problem in the agreement recently reached at Geneva between the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom, the agreement known as the Declaration of those three countries [ihiu’.]. Moreover,. assertions have been 30. A:! this naturally required and continues lo require urgent and effective action by the Security COUQ~Cil. made to the effect that this Declaration is virtually the 38. In our opinion, the agreoment reached at Ooneva by the representatives of the United Kingdom, Turkey and Clreeco does not meet the basic requirements envisaged in resolution 353 (1974). In point of fact, reforonce to the withdrawal of forces as called for in that resolution, and of which we have been speaking, is replaced in the Declaration by formulations whiih actually show that the NATO forces will continue their occupation of the country. Indeed, what other meaning can there be to a paragraph which, with maw, many rosorvations, speaks not even of withdrawal, but merely of the r&duction in the indeterminate future of the number of armed forces and the amounts of armaments, munitions and other war material in the Republic of Cyprus? Yet the presence of those forces is the prime cause of incalculable suffering for the Cypriot people, for both communities on the island. 39. In speaking about the Declaration, about its substance and whathor it corresponds to the provisions of resolution 3S3 (1974), we also cannot overlook the fact that the continuation of the occupation of the island by the interventionist forces is accompanied by the intention to carve up the territory of the island by establishing various zones, areas and enclaves and by providing for patrols and the pefformance of police functions by the forces there (I am refening to the United Nations forces) in such a way as fully to justify fears that this will icad to the (Iefi1c.10 partitioning of the island, to the violation of its territorial intenritv. Of course. the island will continue to exist In -the Mediterranean in the geographical sense, on maps, but it will literally be like the labyrinth at Knossos, of whose complexity we are well aware from the ancient mythology of the Mediterranean countries. As we know, it was very difficult to find the way out of that labyrinth. We fear that implementation of the proposed measures may create a similar labyrinth in Cyprus. 41. At the same time, we should like to state yet again that WC are deeply convinced of the urgent need for further measures to settle the Cyprus problem. Moreover, when speaking of the importance of a settlement of the situation in Cyprus on the basis of the implementation of the resolution adoptod earlier by tho Security CO~~VZ~I, we cannot overlook the internatlonai significance of such a settlement, the significance of the stronathening of peace and security in the oxpiosivo region that is the eastern Mediterranean. 42. We are deeply convinced that all those who support the interests of the Cypriot people in fact rather than merely in words must act decisively and take practical measures to protect tho indopendcnce, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus, and must call for tho restoration of the lawful constitutional Government in Cyprus. We are deeply convinced that all Cypriots, both Qroek and Turkish, must be given the right to decide their own fate without any outside interference and to settle for themselves the questions refating to the future of their homeland.

Mr. President, may I begin by referring to the presidency of the r&presentative of Peru. our friend and colleauuo Mr. P&z de CuCllar. 1 think that none of us <ho has sowed on the Council in the last month can have failed to be impressed by the skill, wisdom and distinction with which ho nuided our affairs. I thank him personally and on behaf of my delegation for his co-operation and help during the last month. It seemed that July was going to be an easy month for the Council, but his difficulties as president seemed to increase as the end of his term approchod. The early part of July, as I said, seemed to be peaceful, but as the closing days of his term dmw near, one found that the Council was faced with some dimcult problems. 44. Mr. President, you have assumed the presidency today, and we are confident that you wui bring to it the same qualities of impartiality and humour with which you approach your heavy responsibilities as .the Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union. You are a man of great experience in the ways of the United Nations; and, c&tainly, speaking for myself, I look forward to this coming month with a great deal of interest and anticipation. 46. We believe very firmly that the cease&e in Cyprus has to be maintained. We believe very firmly that the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) is an extremely important factor in the maintenance of that cease-fire. It means that something practical on the ground will happen as a result of the Declaration which emerged from the Geneva conference, and for this we are extremely grateful. 49. I will not weary the Security Council by reiterating the speech I made yesterday. Anyone who reads it will find that time and time again 1 emphasized and quoted the Foreign Secretary, Mr. Callaghan, as emphasizing that we regarded the Declaration, to use the words of Izvestia, “as a first step on the way towards settling the Cyprus problem”. It is good that on an issue of such gravity facing the world one finds distinguished commentators in the Soviet Union and representatives of the British Government together. 47. Perhaps I may deal with one point raised by the representative of the Byelorussian SSR. He seems to approach the Geneva Declaration with a degree of suspicion which is unwarranted, if 1 may say so. He looks at paragraph 5 and he sees there the phrase: “Deeply conscious of their responsibilities as regards the maintenance of the independence, territorial integrity and security of the Republic of Cyprus, the three Foreign Ministers agreed that negotiations” and so on. He seems to see something suspicious in the fact that thlword “sovereignty” is not mentioned in that paragraph. I might draw his attention to the fact that those words are taken directly and literally from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee.* In the preamble to that Treaty one finds these words:

Mr. President, let me first of all extend to you on behalf of my delegation congratulations and good wishes on your assumption of the presidency of the Council for the month of August. Today, if my statistics do not fail me, it will be the tenth time in your long and distinguished career in the United Nations that you have occupied the chair of President of the Sccuritv Council. ; think this is a rare achievement indeed in the history of the United Nations and reflects your wisdom and experience, which have grown over the long years you have spent in the Organization-over a period of 26 years. Welcoming the Permanent Representative to the United Nations and Deputy Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union to the presidency of the Council provides a welcome occasion for my delegation to recall the happy relations existing between our two countries, which have found recent expression in the visit of the Federal Chancellor of Austria, Mr. Bruno Kreisky, to the Soviet Union, at the invitation of Premier Alexei Kosygin. “The Republic af Cyprus of the one part, and Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of the other part, “I. Considering that the recognition and maintenance of the independence, territorial integrity and security of the Republic of Cyprus...” Thus, what has happened in regard to the foregoing phrase in paragraph 5 of the Declaration is very simple: it is that it has been taken directly from the Treaty, and that accounts for its insertion in the Declaration. 51. Before entering into the subject of our discussion, I wish to record whole-heartedlyour deep appreciation for the outstandina services of Mr. Perez de Cudllar of Peru has rendired to the Council in a period which was not only one of the busiest but without doubt one of the most difficult in recent months. Impor’ant decisions were taken by the Council under his presidency. and we can rightly say that his dedication and experience contributed in no small measure to the mastering by the Council of the difficult situations we have faced in the past few days and weeks. And it was his patient work of preparation which made adoption of the resolution today possible. 48, A week or so ago, Mr. President, your Deputy Representative, Mr. Safronchuk, when he was representing your country in the Security Council debate, did us the honour of quoting Thr Thr.s of London. Naturally, in an endeavour to reciprocate the goodwill that that created, we have been looking at the Soviet press. I was a little surprised to hear the representative of the Byelorussian SSR criticize the Declaration in the way he did, for fzrPsricr--if -- 52. It is a matter of deep satisfaction to my delegation that, by virtue of co-operation. understanding and goodwill on all sides, it was possible to adopt the 53. My delegation voted without hesitation in favour of the draft resolution, in the belief that it meets appropriately and satisfactorily the urgent requirements of the hour. My delegation has repeatedly stated its conviction that the United Nations, together with all parties concerned, must play an important and, in the present situation, perhaps even decisive role in securing a cease-tire and eventually in helping to return the island to constitutional order and finally in bringing about lasting peace. 54. The starting-point and the basis for the role of the United Nations is to be found in resolution 186 (1964). I believe that there are few resolutions in the history of the Council which have been reafftrmed so many times. Resolution 186 (1964) has been reaffirmed no less than 27 times over a period of a whole decade, which testifies to the fact that the thoughts and provisions contained therein are still valid today. In the light of the new situation that has arisen in Cyprus, we have created a new basis for action: resolution 353 (1974). which was adopted by the Council 10 days ago and was recalled in the present resolution. That resolution points, in a concise and most comprehenstve way, to the road that all of us-the parties, the Council and the international community-have to take to bring about a lasting, just and peaceful solution in order to restore peace and constitutional order in Cyprus and to enable that State fully to exercise its independence and sovereignty and to enjoy its territorial integrity. 55. Therefore it is of the utmost importance that all parts of resolution 353 (1974) find rapid and progressive implementation, especially those parts which enable Cyprus to exercise its sovereign rights. The first fundamental and most urgent step, however, continues to be to secure full implementation and meticulous observance of the cease-tire and, furthermore, to end all hostilities and all acts of violence. This particular task, to which the Geneva conference, called for by Security Council resolution 353 (1974), has given primary attention, has now to be fulfilled, and the United Nations is called upon to play a central role in this process. However, this, as has been pointed out, can be only a first step. Relieved as we may be that the conditions for this step now seem to be fulfilled, we hope that further steps will follow promptly, and one of these steps to which we attach particular importance is the progressive reduction and eventual withdrawal of foreign military forces on the island, wlrich weigh heavily in the balance. 56. As I have said, the most important element to bring about this goal will, and must be, the continued 57. It is in that spirit that my delegation wishes to offer congratulations to the Secretary-General, his associates, the Force Commander and all the men in the field on the most effective manner in which they have. so far carried out their obligations under most trying circumstances. 58. We are also prepared to provide further support to the Secretary-General to demonstrate the genuine strength which is inherent in the Organization whenever it carries out missions for peace and international security. 59. During the past weeks my delegation has been aware of the larger dimensions of the crisis facing us. Many times the threat of war confronted us in an immediate way. We have been gratified to see the many constructive efforts that have been exerted. We have been gratified to see the efforts made to exercise restraint and patience in most difftcult circumstances. We hone that these efforts will continue, and we are fully prepared to offer all our support in the accomplishment of the future tasks. 60. Mr. de GUIRINGAUD (France) fintcrpretrrtion fioln French): The French delegation is gratified that ihe Security Council has adopted by a very large majority the text which was submitted in document S/l 1402 and which. if I understand correctlv. will now become resolution- 355 (1974). There is n’d need for me to explain why my delegation voted in favour of that text. Yesterday and before that, 1 expressed my views at some length on the Cyprus question, on the circumstances in the island and on this text itself. 61. Mr. President, I have asked to speak today because, above all, I wish to fulfil the duty of paying a well-deserved tribute to your predecessor, Mr. Perez de Cubllar, for the remarkable way in which he guided the Council’s debates in July. I should like to emphasize the patience, fairness, political intelligence and exceptionai talent for conciliation that Mr. Perez de Cufllar demonstrated in discharging his onerous tasks. Once again he displayed his outstanding abilities as a consummate diplomat. 62. But I should like to congratulate you on your ‘accession to the presidency of the Council and to welcome you back after your vacation. You have come back to us in as brilliant a form as ever to preside over the Council for the tenth time-as the 63. I should like to express the hope that during 69. Havin? said that, I have nothing much to add to t%s month of your presidency we shall see rethe statement that my delegation made yesterday. established some of that climate ofdt+enfe and holiday 1 would only say that, in our opinion, the appropriate spirit so fitting at this time of the year, a climate action envisaged in the text of the draft resolution that will be a sign, if circumstances permit, that we have just adopted must be based on resolution 353 peace has returned to the troubled regions with which (1974). I should add that that action must in no way we have had to concern ourselves for three weeks. prejudice the territorial integrity, independence and sovereignty of Cyprus. 64. Sir Laurence McINTYRE (Australia): I should like to join in welcoming you back among us, Mr. President, obviously fit and ready for action as, last envening, you indicated to us*you were. I wish to join also in welcoming you back to the presidential chair of this Council for the tenth time, as our Austrian colleague has reminded us. As I think I said in comparable circumstances last year, this must be a record of achievement and, if I may say so, a durability that will be hard to surpass. 70. Mr. P&REZ DE CUeLLAR (Peru) (Interpreturion from Spunish): Mr. President, I should like to congratulate you on your accession to the presidency of the Council, though I regret not having lefi you an inheritance that was completely settled. I should like to offer you my cordial collaboration,. which, moreover, is consistent with the friendship existing between our two countries. I should like to express my confidence that, giveh your extraordinary ability and patience, you will conduct our work with the greatest wisdom. 65. Let me also pay a very warm tribute to your predecessor, our colleague Mr. Wrez de CuCllar, for the skill, pa:ience and courtesy with which he conducted the business of this Council in some quite difficult periods throughout the month of July. i think that we all owe him a debt of gratitude for the helD he has niven the Council and all of us individually. - 71. .\ilow my d-legation to thank you, Mr. President, in the first plact for your very generous words of appreciation for our discharge of the presidency during the month of July. 72. Since similar words have come from various delegations, I should like them to mean that we have fulfilled the function of being an impartial co-ordinator, as is appropriate to the presidency. 66. At our last meeting, when we. were addressing ourselves to a draft resolution fermulated in very mucil the same terms as the one we have adopted today, 1 explained the reasons why my delegation 73. Yesterday my delegation voted in favour of was proposing to vote in favour of .‘lat text, and draft resolution S/11400. It did so bearing in mind I do not need to repeat those reasons here today. the very well known dictum, “Politics is the art of I would wish at this time only to express my the possible.” Countries like mine which are small delegation’s satisfaction that the Security Council, in the material sense see the more powerful with the adoption of the resolution today, has agreed demonstrating the truth of that dictum day after to take what I believe to be our most urgent day. I should therefore like to repeat what I said responsibility: to request the Secretary-General to yesterday, in connexion with the draft resolution. take the necessary action to enable UNFICYP to We voted in favour of the new draft resolution out perform the functions which the Secretary-General of a sense of realism and out of the conviction outlined in his statement to us at the Council meeting that there is a need immediately to give the Secretaryyesterday evening and which are clearly going to be General what he requires in -order to meet the imperative if the cease-fire in C;,+rus is to be truly situation. effective. 74. Allow me, though belatedly, to consider perhaps superfluous a request for information from the 67. Mr. EL HASSEN (Mauritania) finturpretcrtion Secretary-General, in the light of the admirable care from French): I certainly have not asked to speak to he always takes to keep members of the Council explain the vote that we cast yesterday and that we informed, impartially, on all questions of interest, have already sufficiently explained. All I wish to do, and most particularly on those relating to the situation Mr, President, is to extend to you my delegation’s in Cyprus. congratulations on your accession to the presidency of the Council. I am sure that. thanks to your great 75. Tile PRESIDENT (trunslution f/~/n Russicrn): experience. the Council’s work ihis month uill bc The list of members of the Security Council who brought to a successful conclusion. wish to speak is now exhausted. Accordingly, I intend 77. 1 should like to make the following statement in explanation of my vote on the resolution just adopted by the Council. 78. The Soviet delegation is seriously concerned at the situation with which the Council has been faced in solving the question of the situation in Cyprus. It must be recognized that, as the result of the actions of certain circles, the Council.has not only been unable as yet to put into effect all the provisions of its resolution 353 (1974). which was adooted II days ago, but has found .itself confronted with a situation requiring the adoption of more decisive and urgent measures to ensure the immediate implementation of that resolution. 79. As was emphasized repeatedly in the statements by the Soviet Government, the situation currently emerging in and around Cyprus is becoming ever more serious and dangerous for the fate of the Republic of Cyprus. The USSR delegation has already given warning of this at the earlier meetings of the Council through its calls for the immediate adoption of effective practical measures to implement resolution 353 (1974). In order to hasten the solution of this question, the Soviet Union took the initiative and submitted a draft resolution to the Council [S///39/] calling for measures designed to ensure the implementation of resolution 353 (1974), which, as we have already noted, defines the basis for a political settlement in Cyprus. The Soviet delegation observes with regret that even on this draft resolution it has not yet been possible to take a specific decision. 80. The question of whether a sovereign S!;.te-a Member of the United Nations, the Republic of Cyprus-is or is not to be independent remains on the agenda in all its urgency. Those who have tried to put an end to the existence of an independent Cyprus through direct ,- ‘,;tary intervention are now, following the failure of that aggressive action and the removal of their protege. Sampson, trying to achieve the same goals by behind-the-scenes manccuvring. The independence of a State and the territorial integrity of Cyprus have become the subject of cynical bargaining for the sake of strengthening NATO’s military and strategic positions in the eastern Mediterranean. Indeed. this was revealingly confirmed in an article published in yesterday’s edition of Tire N~)I* York Times written by that newspaper’s usually well-informed correspondent, Mr. Sulzberger. 82. As a result of the continuous sabotaging of the implementation of resolution 353 (1974), foreign military intervention continues in the territory of the independent State of Cyprus and there is open and flagrant interference in its internal affairs. The lawful constitutional Government of the Republic of Cyprus headed by President Makarios has not yet been restored. Nor have all the institutions of that Government been restored, nor are they functioning. It is perfectly obvious that, as a result of the failure to implement the resolution in question in Cyprus, there continues to exist in the eastern Mediterranean an explosive and tense sit::lation constituting a direct threat to international peace and security. It is not hard to imagine to what tragic consequences all this could lead for the people of Cyprus, who are already being subjected to violence and terror, given the present inflamed state of passions. 83. The Council can no longer tolerate the situation with which we are now confronted in Cyprus. The encroachments on the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus must be brought to an end, and as rapidly as possible. Cyprus must be restored to the position as a sovereign State which it edoyed before the aggression by the Greek military clique. It is essential urgently to put an end to all foreign interference in the -internal affairs of C~urus and to withdraw all foreign forces from the i&d. The Council must help to guarantee the inalienable right of Cypriot people-both the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots-to settle their own problems and the fate of their common homeland, the sovereign Republic of Cyprus, in condifions of peace and tranquility. The means of achieving this objective is the immediate and full implementation of resolution 353 (1974) in all its provisions. 84. The Council cannot and must not remain indifferrent to this situation in the Eastern Mediterranean which is so dangerous for the fate of the world. It must bear in mind the heavy responsibility incumbent upon it under the Charter and take urgent and effective measures aimed at restoring the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of this non-aligned State Member of the United Nations. Behind the scenes in the Council some are asserting ihat the term and the concept of non-alignment trave no existence in law. However, anyone who is in the least familiar with the history of the last decade is well aware of the outstanding role the 91. The majority of the other provisions of the Declaration not only fail to meet the basic requirements of resolution 353 (1974). but are in fact designed to delay a political settlement and to prolong the occupation of Cyprus by foreign forces. This is confirmed by the provisions for what is termed the delimitation of the areas occupied by those forces and the establishment between them of so-called “security zones” patrolled by United Nations forces and for the indefinite postponement of a solution of the question of the restoration of lawful and constitutional Government in Cyprus. It is not hard to see that all these provisions of the Declaration are at variance with the key provisions of resotution 353 (1974). which call for an immediate end to foreign military intervention in the Republic of Cyprus and the withdrawal without delay from its territory of foreign military personnel. 85. The Security Council is duty bound, under the Charter, to repel aggression, defend the lawful rights of the people of Cyprus, and guarantee peace and security in this area of the Eastern Mediterranean. 86. The resolution we have adopted contains a request to the Secretary-General to take appropriate action in the light of his statement and as a matter of urgency-as was orally agreed among the members of the Council-to present a dettliled report to the Council. Naturally, it is expected that when that report is submitted by the Secretary-General it will be carefully considered by the Council. 87. The Secretary-General having referred in his report to the tripartite Declaration on Cyprus by the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey dated 30 July [see -5///398] the USSR delegation considers it necessary to make the following statement. 02. A number of the provisions of the Declaration are couched in such nebulous and contradictory language that it is hard to form any idea at all of what they mean. At yesterday’s meeting of the Council, even some representatives of the countries participating in the Geneva negotiations were obliged to recognize the fact that the Declaration does not satisfy the requirements of resolution 353 (1974). 88. We cannot fail to draw attention to the fact that the Geneva negotiations which resulted in this Declaration were held within a narrow, one might say a closed, circle, without the participation of the representatives of the lawful Government of the Republic of Cyprus, i.e.. for ail practical purposes within the NATO bloc. One asks oneself whether the participants were not seeking thereby to reduce the role of the United Nations and to exclude the Security Council from the .practical business of reaching a settlement. 93. The serious situation which has arisen in Cyprus must serve as an incentive for the mobilization of the efforts of the Security Council and the United Nations to ensure the implementation of resolution 353 (1974) through their own powers and resources, as required by the Charter. The Security Council and the United Nations as a whole can help Cyprus by pressing for the immediate withdrawal of all the foreign forces and military personnel in Cyprus and by contributing in every way possible to the restoration of the constitutional Government of the Republic of Cyprus headed by President Makarios and of ail the institutions of that Govermpent. More energetic and more effective use must be made of the capabilities of the United Nations. 69. It is appropriate to recall that voices were repeatedly raised in the Council in appeals not to take any action which, as the speakers asserted, could be detrimental to those negotiations. The Soviet delegation has repeatedly warned that if the Council followed such a course it would in essence be divesting itself of responsibility for ensuring peace and security in Cyprus and actually acquiescing in the arbitrary determination of the future of the Cypriot people behind its back and to the detriment of its fundamental and vital interests. It is for this reason that the Soviet delegation has been stressing that time does not stand still and that the 94. In view of the circumstances I have just mentioned, the USSR delegation, acting in accordance with the instructions it had received, found it impossible to support the draft resolution adopted Council must take ail possible measures to implement resolution 353 (1974). by the Council and abstained in the voting on it. 90. A preliminary study of the Geneva Declaration confirms that the Soviet position is correct. Although the Declaration does, indeed, contain general 95. Now 1 must say a few words concerning the statement just made by the representative of China. assurances of support for the independence and territorial integrity of Cyprus, the mdority of its specific provisions do not meet the basic requirements That statement was the routine insinuation against the Soviet Union. We are bsed to it. His purpose was to cover up his own negativism towards the IO %. Speaking as PRESIDENT. I should like to inform you that the Secretary-General has asked me to give him the floor after the statements by members of the Council so that he may inform it on a matter which he feels he must bring to its attention.

As soon as the Council adopted resolution 355 (1974) this afternoon, 1 immediately instructed my Special Representative and the Commander of UNFICYP to nroceed with the implementation of the task of UNFiCYP, which I mentioned in my statement to the Council yesterday. 98. During the meeting last night, I informed the Council of the request which had been received by the Commander of UNFICYP from the commander of the Turkish forces in Cyprus for the withdrawal of UNFICYP from the area under Turkish military control. Since last night I have had contacts with the Turkish Government, and there have been further discussions in Cyprus between the Commander of UNFICYP and the Turkish military command. 99. I am glad to inform the Council that I have just received word from my Special Representative in Cyprus that agreement has been reached on the maintenance of UNFICYP presence in the area of Cyprus under Turkish control. I consider this a positive development.

I thank the Secretary-General for that information. I now call on the representative of Greece.

I wish to express the appreciation of my Government to the Security Council for the speed with which it adopted the resolution on the UNFICYP operation in Cyprus. I earnestly hope that the resolution will contribute to saving human lives in both camps. 102. I also wish to thank the Secretary-General once more for all his efforts. He faced in these last few days an extremely difficult situation, and we all admired the way he coped with it. My Government expresses its full confidence in him and I wish him well in his difficult task ahead.

I call on the representative of Cyprus.

Mr. President, may I depart from absolute correctness in offering you 105. We take this opportunity also to thank the representative of Peru, the former President, for having devoted so many dedicated efforts to the question of Cyprus. 106. And on this occasion I should like, too, to reiterate my thanks and deep appreciation to the Secretary-General for his exceptional efforts to cope with a very difficult situation. What he has now announced is again a result of his great endeavours in this respect. 107. I am happy at the adoption of this resolution, which we think is a constructive one in that it brings the United Nations effectively on the scene in Cyprus. As I said of the text yesterday, it is constructive and, as far as we are concerned, we are in support of it and we look forward to its implementation. 108. There is an aspect to this resolution which should be brought to the notice of the Council. It was thought that the Geneva conference would bring a more effective imnlementation of resolution 333 (1974) by a specific agieement and the signature thereof. But although, by agreement, the time for the ceasefire was 30 July, yet on 31 July and today, I August, there has been intensive fighting in Cyprus as the result of the actions of the Turkish troons who aaain violated the cease-fire in an effort to acquire <ore territory. 109. Thus, at 1045 hours on 31 July, a Turkish infantry unit was moving upon the village of Karavas to occupy it, and at 1100 hours on the same day the village of Lapithos was attacked by sea and land. The vi,llages of Ayios Ermolaos and Skylloura were also attacked. It appears that this fighting went on yesterday, and I understand that today the Turkish forces occupied Lapithos and Karavas. 110. I am wondering’“how it is that the cease-fire called for by’the Security Council was not respected; and I have been wondering also why the subject of discussion for five days in Geneva should have been the effort to get Turkey to agree to comply with its obligation under the Council resolution. And politicalconditions were demanded for complying with the cease-fire. 1 I 1. The only positive aspect of the Declaration-the cease-fire-was negated the following day by the action of the Turkish forces in Cyprus. This utter disregard of agreements and repes ted aggression resulting from a policy of appeasemeni is reminiscent of similar events in history with ominous repercussions 121. Resolution 353 (1974) provided a basis for bringing about quickly a situation resulting in the withdrawal of all foreian forces from Cvarus. In that resolution the Council-also requested <hiee Member States-Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom-to enter into negotiations for the restoration of peace in the area.

1 call on the representative of Turkey.

First of all, Mr. President, 1 should like to voice my delegation’s satisfaction at seeing you presiding over the Council’s debates. Our confidence in your qualities as statesman and diplomat representing a country with which Turkey has the very best of relations augurs we for the success of our Council’s proceedings in the month of August. May 1 nevertheless be permitted to express the hope that my delegation will be called upon to follow only from afar, from the very back of this chamber, the proceedings of this Council and to applaud its success on questions other than that of Cyprus. 122. It is not necessary to go into the reasons why those three Member States were chosen for that role; but the fact is that they were entrusted with a particular task, and they have in fact partially performed it. The results of their negotiations are before us in document S/11398, which contains the communique and the statement made by the Foreign Ministers of the three negotiating States. 123. It is evident that ;he three Foreign Ministers laboured long and hard and operated under tremendous pressures. My delegation appreciates the efforts made by them. Now, we have examined the Declaration very carefully, and we find that it has some positive features in it, particularly some of the peace-keeping measures that have been proposed for immediate implementation. 115. 1 should also like to underscore the great admiration my delegation feels for the truly masterly performance of your predecessor, the representative of Peru. in his conduct of the Council’s proceedings during a month that was particularly diffi‘cult, above all for my own country. 1 hope I never again have to be present at meetings such as those that took alace this oast month. But if we had to go through ihese dif’&lt days, my delegation c&l& not have wished to do so under a more enlightened diligent. patient and dedicated presidency than that of Mr. Wrez de CJllar. 124. The Council might have specified those measures that are devoid of any objection and then authorized the Secretary-General to implement them with the help of UNFICYP. Instead of that, the Secretary-General has now been requested to take appropriate action in the light of his own statement. This places indeed a very heavy responsibility on the Secretary-General. We have every confidence that his actions will be appropriate and strictly in conformity with the objectives of resolution 353 (1974). 116. As for the resolution that the Council has just adopted, 1 can only eipress the hope that it will bring peace and a just solution to the problem closer and that-to take up a mythological reference that was made earlier today-it will help us to find Ariadne’s thread and get us out of the labyrinth. 125. The Secretary-General had referred in his statement to the tasks envisaged for UNFICYP in the Geneva Declaration and in particular to the determination of security zones. In our opinion, this is a very important operation, for it could have farreaching consequences of an unpredictable political nature. If the determination of security zones is only a technical operation, it could be done just as well, and quite competently too, by UNFICYP with the co-operation of the opposing forces. 117. 1 would not wish to conclude without expressing to the Secretary-General the gratitude of my Government and my delegation for his tireless efforts in behalf of peace and assuring him that he has all our confidence. 118. I had no intention of exercising my right of reply today and, in spite of everything, I shall refrain from doing so. 126. We have one other point to make, and that concerns the mixed villages in the Turkish-occupied areas. Such villages might also be protected by UNFICYP. In saying this, we are merely suggesting equality of treatment and also echoing the hope which I think was expressed by the representative of Greece.

1 invite the represenptive of India to take a place at the Council table and to make a statement. 127. Paragraphs 4 and 5 of the Geneva Declaration are in the nature of general statements of intention

My delegation in its earlier statements ernphasized that our principal and 128. As regards the question of the return of constitutionality to Cyprus, we feel that it would be best for the people of Cyprus, both Greeks and Turks, to determine their own destiny themselves in an atmosphere that is free of foreign influen’ce and with the mediatory assistance of the United Nations if and when it is necessary. 129. The PRESIDENT Itrmslution .frotn Russian): I now invite the represetitative of Yugoslavia to take a place at the Council table and to make a statement.

In addressing the Council again on the item on its agenda, we should like to recall here what was stated yesterday by the representative of the Republic of Cyprus, Mr. Rossides when he said: “The rest is for the members to consider, because, really, this concerns not only Cyprus, but the United Nations as a whole, international peace and security, the small countries particularly, and the non-aligned countries, of which Cyprus is one.” [/78&h meeting, purer. 86.1 131. The Council has just adopted resolution 355 (1974) concerning the crisis caused by continuing foreign intervention in the affairs of the independent, sovereign and non-aligned Republic of Cyprus, an equal and sovereign Member of the United Nations. This resolution, to the extent to which it goes, especially in the aspect of the cease-fire, is certainly a positive step. However, we have to express our urgent insistence that today’s action of the Council must be only a part of the full implementation of the basic resolution, resolution 353 (1974), in a11 its parts. Therefore we have to repeat how gravely concerned all of us who see in the protection of the independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of non-aligned Cyprus the protection of the basic principles of the Charter, and consequently of the fate of all of us, are to see to it that. whenevet .^ _ .~ .- the fate of a country is decided, its full and equal non-alignment movemettt are clear confirmation of participation must be ensured, the important role which the non-aligned countries are playing in contemporary international affairs and in the noble efforts of all the advocates of peace to 132. We point out and note that a number of members consolidate peace and the security of peoples. of the Council, especially non-aligned countries-and we were impressed by the eloquent statements of The mvtit~~~ Rosen (rt 5.50 p.m. 133. The Yugoslav delegation circulated on 25 July the text of the expose of the Vice-President of the Federal Executive Council and Federal Secretary for Forei@ Affairs, Mr, Milob Mini& to the Assembly of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. I should like to quote some passages from that: [The spder then red out the ninth pnrqruph of the e.vposP wntcrined in dowtnent S/11380.] 134. In short, nothing must be done or permitted to be done that would not be in the interest of the independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus and its legitimate Government. It is for that reason that the cease-fire must now prevail and be immediately and fully respected. To quote another passage from the expose [eighth pctrct~ruphl: “Now that a cease-fire is in force on Cyprus, the most urgent task is the implementation in its entirety of the Security Council resolution. We feel that it is essential that in such a way the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and constitutional order on Cyprus be secured...” 135. It is now for the Security Council, for the United Nations, for the whole international community. in which the non-aligned nations play such a dynamic and concerned role in defending the basic principles of the Charter, to watch very closely the further steps for the restc ration of the independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus. to which we are all committed and which the resolution adopted today again reaffirms. Whatever has been achieved here and elsewhere in that direction must be followed up and developed in such a way that it will .restore the confidence and faith of all nations that the United Nations can and will effectively protzt any country, however small, for that is the basis for the security of us all.

I thank the representatives of India and Yugoslavia for their statements. Their statements as the representatives of countries playing a leading role in the ‘3 HOW M OBTAIN UNITED NAnONR W0LlCATIONS Unibd Natioas publtaUoaa lllly bs &t&ud fan bookatolar and dltdbuton tluw&out the world. Cumlt your bocketotu or write to: United Nations, &lea Sectim, New Yoek Q Oanvx. COAIMCNT EC PROCUBER LEA PUBLICATIONS DE8 NATIONS UNIES Loo publiutbae du NIUOIU Union eont en vrnte dau lea Ilbniriea et Iw r#encee ddpcddree du monde l ntter. Informawnm rupr& de vohm lIbraIre w admuez-vcu A : Nxtbna Unb, Section dw ventm, New York ou Den&e. CORIO CONEKIUIK PUBLlCACIONta DE LAS NACIOm8 UNIDAB ha pubkcbm de he Necioan Unkh wUn en venta en libnrh y - d&W bubdom en todae plrtee de1 mundo. thudto a au librero o dirfjue a: Nacioaes Unidu, &coi6o da Vatu, Nueva York o Ctknbn. Utho in Unlted Nationa, New York 00300 74.82001-April 1983-2,200