S/PV.2100 Security Council

Since this is the first time I am speaking in the Security Council after long years, I should like to start by expressing to you, Mr. President, the congratulations of my delegation upon your assumption of the presidency of the Council for the month of November. “In paying tribute to you for your diplomatic skills and the efficient and tactful manner in which you have conducted the consultations I should like also to stress the satisfaction we feel in seeing as President of the Council a representative of a country with which Turkey enjoys friendly relations. 44, Mr, President, you were kind enough this afternoon to confer with me and to give me the text of a draft resolution. For the first time I have been officially seized of such a draft. I therefore. requested you and the Council to give me sufficient time to refer the draft to my Government and to receive instructions. This has not been done. It should, of course, be understood that my Government cannot consider itself bound by a resolution on which it has not had the occasion to express its reaction, 45. I had a prepared statement to make ff 1 had had the opportunity of addressing the Council earlier. But now | think it has been outdated. There is a draft resolution before the Council on which I understand agreement has been reached. So whatever I may have to say can have no effect on the substance of the draft resolution. Therefore, | shall refrain from making that statement. 46. As for the attacks on my Government, the invectives freely hurled at it by Mr. Rolandis, [ need not go into them. I do not condescend to answer them because [ do not consider Mr, Rolandis a valid interlocutory. Furthermore, President Denktag has fully and eloquently answered a number of the arguments, in fact all the arguments put forward by Mr. Rolandis. When I called the so-called Government of Cyprus a non-government, it was based on the premises which have just been fully explained by Mr. Denktag. 47. Having said that, ] cannot refrain from making a few remarks on the text before us, which ] understand is to be negotiations or to the implementation of resolutions. For the first time, a confusion is created in this text as to the relation between the resumption of negotiations and the implementation of resolutions. 48. Now, it should be perfectly clear that this whole exercise is one and the same thing. Negotiations will lead, within the general framework of a settlement, to the implementation of resolutions. My Government has pronounced on many an occasion that it is ready to implement these resolutions once an agreed settlement is reached in Cyprus. It is unfortunate in a sense that this text is not of a nature to encourage negotiations. Of course, it is up to the Turkish community’ to decide on that poirit. But, in my view, it would be rather difficult for the Turkish community to come back to the negotiating table under such a resolution, which carries in itself a veiled threat. This was nat what we expected from the Security Council. We expected a brief resolution encouraging the parties to go back to the negotiating table, talk in a peaceful manner and achieve a solution. Since this has not been achieved, my Government, I am sure, will not consider itself bound by the resolution. 49, The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): \ take it that the Council is now ready to take a decision on the draft resolution in document $/12940 and wishes to adopt it by consensus. If I hear no objection, I shall declare the draft resolution adopted by consensus. The draft resolution was adopted,

My delegation supported the draft resolution just adopted because, in our view, it holds out hope for some. future negotiations between the two communities under the auspices of the Secretary-General. The problem in the question of Cyprus is that realism is blurred by emotions, and because of that the needed constructive approach becomes elusive. It is true that there is a great deal of frustration in Cyprus, but the only way to overcome such frustration lies in the resumption of meaningful talks among the parties concerned. - eomprehension of my delegation, and had little, if any, 51. My Government supports the principles laid down in Security Council resolution 365 (1974). The independence of Cyprus, the preservation of its territorial integrity and its non-aligned character are prerequisites for the achievement of a solution of the problem. The people of Cyprus, Greeks or Turks, are entitled to the United Nations involvement in their common search for a just and equitable solution of the issue. 52. What can the United Nations do in this atmosphere of suspicion and mistrust? First and foremost, it should not weaken its support for the principles whose observance and promotion is essential for the success of any effort. Both sides should be encouraged to undertake talks under United 1 See resolution 440 (1978). 53. For the solution of the problem of Cyprus there is ne alternative to direct talks. We must acknowledge that talks held for the sake of talks, with no wil! for accommodation and co-operation, give rise to despair and antagonism. It is obvious that the climate that characterizes the relations between the two parties concerned makes the involvement of a third party imperative. My delegation commends the Secretary-General for his unsparing effort to promote a constructive dialogue among the parties concerned. My delegation also learned with gratification of the newly initiated efforts of the United States to be made in conjunction with the United Nations for the attainment of a just and durable solution. 54. My delegation has noted the intensity of emotions involved in this problem. The fear of one party pushed it to seek protection from one of the guarantors. The bitterness of the other party has made it unable to see that the problem arose from within and that foreign intervention came about as a consequence. 55. Both parties have legitimate rights to live together as equal citizens of the island without a threat from any outside force. Nothing inflames a situation more than the belief of one party that it can rely on outside assistance at the crucial hour. For the talks to be successful there must be a sense of security for the two communities. This sense of security will not come about overnight, but should remain the objective of the United Nations, and therefore should be nurtured and encouraged. Kuwait believes that the resolution just adopted contributes towards this spirit. 56. Poems, poetry, proverbs and wise expressions being cited by the parties concerned were admittedly beyond the relevance to the substance. It is unfortunate that the tribulations of the past are allowed to haunt the present and so are bound to spill over to dim the prospects in the future. 57. My delegation, finally, would like to express its unhappiness over the unpleasant procedural difficulty that crippled the Council. It did not contribute towards creating a better atmosphere for the inevitable talks among the parties concerned. It has shown how costly bitterness can be at the expense of the substance.

The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic has consistently favoured the immediate peaceful settlement of the Cyprus question on the basis of complete respect for the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus. My delegation is profoundly convinced that a just solution to the Cyprus question can only be achieved if the fate of the people of Cyprus is determined tions regarding the fate of Cyprus by circumventing the well-known decisions of the United Nations and going outside its framework. It is hardly a secret that certain outside forces, which furthermore could at one time have prevented the present grievous plight of the Cypriot people, are making efforts in an attempt to decide the question within a narrow group of States belonging to NATO. The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, like other Members of the United Nations, could never agree to an attempt to ratify the present division of the island or to efforts to annul the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Cypriot State. 60. In a joint communiqué published during the recent visit to Czechoslovakia of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus, Mr. Rolandis, it is stated that both. sides “support the convening of an international conference within the United Nations which, on the basis of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, would lead to a speedy implementation of the resolutions adopted by the United Nations: on the question of Cyprus’, in particular General Assembly resolution 3212 (XXIX) and Security Council resolution 365 (1974). 61. I should like to draw the attention of the members of the Security Council, at this meeting which has been convened to discuss the question of the speedy implementation of the relevant resolutions of the Council and the Assembly, to the proposal for the convening of an international conference on the question of Cyprus within the framework of the United Nations. That proposal is as relevant now as it was in 1974, when it was put forward by the Soviet Union. The source of tension in the strategically important area of the Mediterranean represents a serious threat to peace and security. A conference organized under the aegis of the United Nations would promote the adoption of measures which would guarantee the existence of Cyprus as an independent, sovereign and unitary State in accordance with the interests of both national communities on the island. 62. My delegation also fully shares the view stated in the Declaration of the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Non- Aligned Countries meeting at Belgrade which emphasized the need for carrying out purposeful and constructive talks on the basis of the resolutions of the United Nations. 63. The present meeting of the Security Council should bring closer a peaceful settlement of the problem of Cyprus and should help, through its decisions, to create fayourable conditions in which the realistic forces of both national * communities could jointly proceed to the calm and consistent elaboration of an internal State structure, due account being taken of the interests and rights of both communities living in a single Republic of Cyprus. In this 64, The Czechoslovak delegation continues to be convinced that the Organization is in a position to help the Cypriot people find the path to a tranquil life, to maintain and preserve the unity of their State and to overcome the obstacles placed in their path by foreign interests, Czechoslovakia, together with other States, will continue to participate in the efforts to try to find a solution to the problem which would fully reflect the spirit and the letter of the United Nations resolutions. 65. My delegation approved of the resolution just adopted, which could constitute a step in that direction and which at the present time represents for all members of the Council, without exception, the limit of what is generally recognized as being possible,

Since | am speaking in the Council for the first time this month allow me, Mr. President, to congratulate you on your assumption of the high office which you hold today, as well as on the skill and authority which you have shown thus far in guiding our work. My delegation has tried and will continue to try to give you its full co-operation in the carrying out of your task and we are pleased that we can thus bear witness to the importance we attach to the ties of friendship that bind our two countries. 67. During the consultations we held last June with a view to the renewal of the mandate of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus, several delegations indicated that they felt it desirable that this issue should henceforth be dissociated from political debates which the Security Council would conduct on the development of the situation in Cyprus. That is why my delegation, although it abstained, on 9 November, in the vote on paragraph 8 of General Assembly resolution 33/ 15,3 appreciated the reasons which prompted the Government of Cyprus to seize the Council of this issue and pronounced itself unreservedly in favour of that step being taken at the appropriate time. 68, Today, the Council has adopted another resolution, by consensus. I should like to congratulate you, Mr. President, on the role that you played in the fortunate outcome of our debate. I should like also to thank my colleagues who initiated this compromise and participated in its preparation. The text which we adopted does indeed seem satisfactory to my delegation. It does not violate the legitimate rights of either of the parties concerned, while it indicates more clearly than in the past the Council’s coneern in respect of the implementation of its previous resolutions and the search for a negotiated settlement. 3 Ibid., Thirty-third Session, Plenary Meetings, 49th meeting. General Assembly has been quite justified in expressing deep concern in connexion with the ongoing Cyprus crisis, which continues to represent a serious threat to international peace and security. ‘0. My delegation urges both parties to benefit from the ix moriths agreed upon in order to render possible the esumption and meaningful development of discussions xetween the representatives of the two communities. The nterests of both communities require that. Those same nterests require also that both sides should demonstrate noderation, lest they seriously fail to fulfil their responsi- 76. The position of the Soviet Union which has always aimed at eliminating the explosive situation in Cyprus and achieving a just settlement of the Cypriot question, is well known to members of the Security Council. Today, we should like once again to declare that the Soviet Union has favoured and will continue to favour a settlement of the complex problems of Cyprus on the basis of the guaran. teeing of the genuine independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of the Republic of Cyprus. The Soviet Union has consistently favoured strict respect for the policy of non-alignment which is pursued by the Republic of Cyprus, and considers it absolutely essential to ensure the withdrawal from the island of all foreign troops and the dismantling of all foreign military bases to be found there. dility. 71. In conclusion, I should like to reiterate to the Secretary-General the confidence which my Government places in lim in the exercise of the mission entrusted ta him. My delegation hopes that it will be crowned with success in the near future. 72. Mr. KHARLAMOV (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) finterpretation from Russian]: The present discussion in the Security Council of the question of Cyprus is taking place shortly after the General Assembly called upon the Council [resolution 33/15] once again to examine the qwestion of the implementation, within a time-frame, of its 77, The Soviet Union condemns outright any foreign intervention in the internal affairs of Cyprus and any manoeuvres which are aimed at undermining the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus. relevant resolutions on Cyprus. In its resolution the Assembly affirmed the fundamental principles underlying the Cyprus problem that the United Nations has always advocated since the crisis arose in Cyprus. These principles, The Soviet Union is against anyone having imposed their own plans and decisions on Cyprus. The Cypriots should be guaranteed their sovereign right to decide independently, without any pressure or intervention from outside, questions relating to the internal structure of the Cypriot State, taking into account the interests and the rights of both the Greek and the Turkish community in the island. The achievement of a genuinely durable and just settlement in Cyprus is only possible if these basic principles are observed, and if judicious account is taken of the interests and rights of both communities. Under present conditions the Soviet Union considers that it is important that further efforis should be made in order to restore a spirit of mutual trust and co-operation between the two communities in as members know, are the strict respect for the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-aligned status of the Republic of Cyprus, the cessation of any foreign intervention in its internal affairs, and the immediate withdrawal from the island of all foreign troaps. As we see if, the confirmation at the present session of the General Assembly of the important provisions which should determine the basis for a settlement of the Cyprus problem would be both timely and justified. 73. More than four years have elapsed since, as a result of Cyprus. external. armed intervention, the Republic of Cyprus - was plunged into a profound and lengthy crisis, Despite the efforts of the United Nations—the General Assembly and 78. The Soviet Union is in favour of the immediate and integral implementation of the decisions of the United Nations on Cyprus and is prepared, for its part, to do everything it can to promote such a setilement of the Cyprus problem, a settlement which would mean that the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the the Security Council—no real progress has been made in settling ihe problem, The development of the situation in Cyprus and around it has shown that the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus are still threatened. There continues to be an abnormal situation in Cyprus which has been caused by the Republic of Cyprus would not suffer. artificial delays in a political settlement of the Cyprus question, the presence in the island of foreign troops, and continuing foreign intervention in the affairs of the 79. Being guided by the interests of peace and international security, the Soviet Union, as members know, has proposed that within the framework of the United Nations an international conference should be convened to consider the Cyprus question. Such a conference would help to strengthen the independence, the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of the Republic. of Cyprus. It would help in bringing the two sides together swiftly in creating suitable conditions for fruitful talks between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots regarding the structure of Republic of Cyprus. 74, Attempts are being made to use the difficulties which have arisen in the intercommunal talks in order to impose upon the Cypriot people decisions which are alien to it, and which are aimed at maintaining the NATO presence in the island, and to create one further beach-head for NATO in the eastern Mediterranean area. 80. The delegation of the Soviet Union considers that the Security Council should avail itself of every opportunity to promote the immediate and just settlement of the question of Cyprus in all its aspects, in the interests of the entire Cypriot people and in order to maintain the Republic of Cyprus as a sovereign, independent and territorially integral State, on the basis of the relevant decisions of the Security Council and the General Assembly. 81. In view of the position I have just expounded, the delegation of the Soviet Union agreed with the adoption of the draft resolution on a consensus basis. We should like to congratulate the President for his skill, tact and ability in having helped us to reach such a successful solution’ to this question today. Since it is almost the end of the month, Mr, President, this decision will obviously be the last duzing your excellent tenure of the presidency. , 82, Mr, CHEN Chu (China) (interpretation from Chinese): On 9 November when the question of Cyprus .was considered in the plenary meeting of the General Assembly, the Chinese delegation expounded4 the consistent position of the Chinese Government on this question. The Chinese Government and people are very much concerned over the prolonged failure in reaching a settlement of the question, and we deeply sympathize with the sufferings of the Cypriot people. We maintain that, in order to realize an early peaceful settlement of the Cyprus question, it is imperative, first of all, to do away with super-Power interference. In particular, it is imperative to guard against the schemes of that super-Power which has been sowing discord and creating a split among the parties, aggravating the differences and trumpeting the “internationalization” of the Cyprus question with a view to fomenting turmoil in the eastern Mediterranean so as to facilitate its infiltration and expansion there. We firmly hold that the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Cyprus must be respected, 83, We sincerely hope that the Greek and Turkish Cypriots and the parties directly concerned, taking to heart the over-all interests of unity against imperialism and hegemonism, will gradully eliminate their differences and work for a fair and reasonable settlement of the Cyprus question through patient negotiations on an equal footing and in a spirit of mutual understanding and mutual accommodation in the interests of the prosperity of Cyprus and the well-being of its people and thus contribute to the security of the eastern Mediterranean and the peace of the world, This is not only in full accord with the fundamental interests of the two communities of Cyprus and the parties concerned, but also represents the common aspirations of the peoples of the world who are genuinely concerned about the destiny of the Cypriot people. 84. In the spirit of the foregoing, the Chinese delegation supports the draft resolution contained in document 4 Ibid., 48th meeting.

The General Assembly, in its resolution 33/15 adopted on 9 November this year, recommended that the Security Council should examine the implementation of its relevant resolutions within a timeframe and consider and adopt thereafter such appropriate and practical measures under the Charter of the United Nations as might be necessary for ensuring their implementation, This is the immediate mandate before the Council and it is for this purpose that we have been convened here at the request of the Government of Cyprus. 86. To enable us to consider this mandate, the delegation of Cyprus has circulated a draft resolution which gives us an idea of how Cyprus looks at the question of implementing the Security Council’s resolutions, The time-frame that the Government of Cyprus has suggested ‘is six months, and in _the event of non-implementation the Government of Cypms seeks some form of new action by the Council thereafter to secure the implementation of its resolutions, 87. The draft resolution just adopted by consensus adequately meets the requirements of the present situation, My delegation considers that a specific time-frame for the implementation of agreed resolutions is a good thing in itself, provided, of course, that it is accepted by the parties concemed. In the absence of any pressure that may be generated by the time factor alone, it is likely that resolutions will remain unimplemented. It should be possibie, therefore, for the Security Council itself to propose a specific time-frame, but in our view it would be more desirable for the parties concerned to agree on one. 88. I must point out, however, that the reason for non-implementation of agreed resolutions is not always the absence of a time-frame or a time-limit. Disagreements do arise during the process of implementation, and they tend to become entrenched. The Security Council agenda, in fact, is a long list of entrenched disagreements and unimplemented resolutions. In our view, it is a mistake to think that in such cases the answer lies in resorting to action under Chapter VII of the Charter. We must lock for other ways of resolving outstanding disputes and meanwhile agree to maintain peace. 89. Often, circumstances compel one to acknowledge the distinction between the will to solve a question and the capacity to do so. In Cyprus, it would seem that if both the will and the capacity had been present there would have been progress by now. We are acutely aware of the complex nature of the Cyprus problem, the inevitable involvement of outside forces, the intensity of the two conflicting nationalisms, the apparent insolubility of the constitutional dilemma, the plight of the refugees, and so on, There is, however, a definite interrelationship between the so-called internal and external factors and this unfortunate fact cannot be wished away. 90. Perhaps progress has to be made on bath fronts simultaneously, and if the momentum of progress should 91, The nature of this assistance is a matter for exploration, I rather think it would depend on the answer to the question of whether there was a viable modus vivendi for the coexistence of two conflicting nationalisms in one State under a democratic constitution of the Western type. If the answer should be in the negative, I am afraid other searching questions may have to be asked. f am not suggesting that the intervention of a third party will do the trick; the problem is not that easy. Trying to contain conflicting nationalisms within a democratic constitution is rather like trying to keep eagles in cobwebs, If the Security Council is to help in finding the right path to peace with justice, then it has to play an active role in ascertaining the wishes of the people of both communities and exploring various viable solutions; otherwise the Council will tend to be used as a public convenience for political frustrations. 92. The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French}: 1 call now on the representative of Greece, 93, Mr, PAPOULIAS (Greece): Taking into consideration the wish of the Security Council not to prolong the discussion any further, and inasmuch as the Foreign Minister of Cyprus, Mr. Rolandis, will be presenting the position of his Government, I shall only state very briefly that my delegation is very appreciative of the constructive action taken by the Council in adopting the present resolution. It is an encouraging fact that the Council responded positively to the recourse made to it by the Government of Cyprus, and deemed it necessary to pronounce itself on the substance of the Cyprus problem. We should like to believe that this resolution will help in promoting a peaceful and just settlement of the Cyprus problem in accordance with the principles of the Charter through the resumption of intercommunal talks on an agreed basis by the two Cypriot communities and the implementation of the relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions. 94, The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I call on the representative of Cyprus.

First of all, I do net intend to refute the various unfounded and recycled allegations of Mr. Denktag. Those allegations were answered very amply by Mr, Michaelides in the Special Political Committee. After all, I am not’ Mr. Denktas’s interlocutor; 96. Regarding the statement made by Mr. Eralp that he does not recognize me, I shall answer very quietly and very calmly that 1 could not care less whether Mr. Eralp recognizes me or not, } have the recognition of 150 Governments and that is enough for me. 97. Before I proceed to make my comments on the resolution J should like to mention that, on 15 November, my delegation filed an application for Mr. Michaelides to address the Council. In the meantime, after various deliberations, a resolution was agreed upon and Mr, Michaelides considered it superfluous to make a statement. Conse. quently today a letter was sent to the President, which I shall now read out for the record. It is signed by Ambassador Rossides, and reads: “With reference to my letter of 15 November 1978 regarding the participation in the Security Council by Mr. Alecos Michaelides under rule 39 of the provisional rules of procedure, I wish to inform you that, in view of the fact that the resolution has already been agreed upon and will be formally adopted, Mr. Michaelides considers it superfluous to spéak on the subject and therefore his request to participate under rule 39 is without prejudice hereby withdrawn.” 98, I shall now proceed to give the Council my comments on the resolution that has been adopted. 99. When I addressed the Council on 15 November [2099th meeting], 1 stated that Cyprus and its people had been waiting patiently for a long time for the implementation of Security Council and General Assembly resolutions and‘that I was fully entitled to ask members of the Council, for the first time in the history of the question of Cyprus in the United Nations, to consider measures under Article 41 of the Charter. 100. Today the Security Council has considered it appropriate at this stage to provide instead for a specific time-frame within which Turkey should comply with its decision on Cyprus. While we maintain our view that a stronger resolution was warranted by the situation, we nevertheless respect this decision of the Council. I hope that when the Council is called upon in the future to review the situation in my country, as provided for in this resolution, enough progress will have been achieved towards the implementation of the resolutions on Cyprus, If not, I confidently trust that this body will not fail in its responsibility expeditiously to take the long overdue measures under the Charter, and particularly enforcement measures, to remedy a condemnable situation of aggression we welcome as’a positive element the reference in the third preambular paragraph to the relevant General Assembly resolutions on Cyprus, namely the landmark resolution 3212 (XXIX), and the subsequent resolutions 3395 OCXX), 31/12, 32/15, and, more significantly, resolution 33/15 of this year, By this last resolution, inter alia, the General Assembly deplores the continued presence of foreign armed forces on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus and the fact that part of its territory is still occupied by the Turkish army, demands the immediate withdrawal of the foreign forces from the Republic of Cyprus, and recommends to the Security Council the adoption of the necessary measures under the Charter within a time-frame to ensure the implementation of the resolutions of the United Nations on Cyprus, 102, Paragraph 1, reaffirming resolution 365 (1974), by which the Council endorses the unanimously adopted General Assembly resolution 3212 (XXIX), is important inasmuch as the Council thereby affirms once again its clear position on the termination of the aggression by Turkey against the Republic of Cyprus. In reaffirming further its resolution 367 (1975) the Council emphatically states its rejection of and opposition to the purported setting up of the so-called Turkish Federated State of Cyprus and all other unilateral actions committed against the Republic of Cyprus and its people by Turkey in pursuit of its partitionist and annexationist designs, The reaffirmation of this resolution indicates also the Council’s support for the intercommunal talks under the auspices of the Secretary- General as an appropriate process for resolving the internal aspects of the Cyprus problem. 103. The most significant part of the resolution is paragraph 2, which calls upon the parties to implement the Council’s resolutions within a specific time-frame, Evidently this reference to a specific time-frame must be read together with the dates set out in paragraphs 4 and 5, namely, 30 May 1979, which is the outer limit for the report by the Secretary-General, and June 1979 for the full review of the situation by the Council. 104, Thus the resolution, properly construed on the basis of its own provisions and in the light of General Assembly _ resolution 33/15, which is noted in the preamble, can only ‘mean that such a time-frame must not extend beyond 30 May 1979, This interpretation is further reinforced by the express reaffirmation of Security Council resolution 365 (1974), under which, inter alia, the speedy withdrawal of the foreign forces was called for. 105, As shown in paragraphs 4 and 5, the Council will eview the situation and further promote a just solution to he problem not later than June 1979, following a relevant veport by the Secretary-General to be submitted not later than 30 May. The Secretary-Genéral is expected to repori fully on the implementation of the resolutions, particularly as regards the issues of the withdrawal of the Turkish forces 106. It may be recalled that it has been the absence of this common basis that has prevented the meaningful resumption of the intercommunal talks, as indeed was recognized by the Secretary-General in his latest report on Cyprus to the General Assembly.5 107. I repeat that the merits of the Cyprus situation would have warranted stronger action by the Security Council. However, we are fully conscious of the cireumstances which dictated the adoption of a more moderate course, as the Council has seen fit to adopt. We trust that when the time comes for the Council to review afresh the substantive aspects of the Cyprus problem, as provided for in the resolution just adopted, more effective steps will be taken with a view to ensuring compliance with resolutions and the repeatedly stated objectives of the Council. 108. It remains for me, Mr. President, to express my Government’s appreciation to you, to the Seeretary- General, and to all the members of the Council for the understanding, sympathy and support demonstrated for the cause of Cyprus, which continues to constitute a test case for the United Nations and the principles of the Charter,

The next speaker is Mr. Denktag,.1 invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement. 110. Mr. DENKTAS: Mr. Rolandis again spoke about unilateral .action and about how that is disliked here in connexion with the resolution which has just been adopted. T should like to state for the record that each time the Greek Cypriot section of the bi-national Government ol Cyprus refers to itself as “the Government” and takes any action as “the Government”, especially in internationa forums, against the Turkish Cypriots, we regard it as ¢ unilateral action, and we consider that we are quite entitlec to take a counter action for our protection. I think I gave sufficient notice of what that is to be in my first statement 111. As regards the resolution which has just beer adopted, I should like to underline that it makes referenc: to resolutions to which the Turkish Cypriot community ha never been a party and on which it has not been heard Those resolutions, therefore, were adopted in its absence They have no bearing on the realities of the Cypru situation and they contravene bilateral agreements whicl had been arrived at in the presence of the Secretary General, Therefore, the implementation of those resolu tions would mean undoing certain things which have bee: done and which have affected the lives of thousands a people, in compliance with other. United Nations decision: 5 Aj33/348.. : done just because they thive managed to have a one-sided solution in their favour adopted at a time when we were at heard, 12. The time-limit is continually underlined by the Greek ypriot side, which forgets Chat when the Cyprus problem as brought to the Security Council in February and March 964 the time-limit which was then foreseen was three ronths. It was then extended for another three months and rerybody thought that would he the end. We prayed that would be the end because we were really suffering, But ¢ have now come to the fifteenth year, and the time-limit extended fram six montlis to six months. 13. We want to abide by the resolutiuns of the Security ‘ouneil and those af the General Assembly, However, to ecomplish that, others should nat seek and ablain resolu. ions which may not be in full ageord with the realities ppertaining to the problem. I do not want to go into the lelails of this, but T wish to say that dis resolution will noe @ conducive to the beginning of the intercommunal iegotintions. Indeed, we lave the a(mosphere reflected by vhat Mr, Relandis has just said, namely, that when the time s up and when we come back here he is hopeful of Ibtnining a stronger, More effective resolution, Thase who tim at that goal will naturally spend their time, as they have pent it in the past, nol in negotiating a settlement but in iading flimsy excuses for prolonging the issue. 14. In the meantime, the ‘Turkish Cypriot community looks upon Turkey as the motherkiund and as a guarantor and begs and demands that its protection should not be withdrawn from us, That is our request and I pass it on and place itan record with all the feeling in my heart. 115. The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French}: The next speaker is the representative of Turkey, on whom | now call, 160 Mr. ERALP (Turkey): Pshall be very brief in replying to Mr. Rolandis. He indulged in a bit of mathematics, saying that his Government was recognized by 150 Governments. Of course, it is 149, I think itis more a question of algebra than of pure imathennitics. It is up to them to decide which curries more weight: 149 recognitions or non-recognition by one party without whose co-operation and concurrence the sulution of the Cyprus problem cannot be reached. ‘That is an algebraic equation, 117, It is quite obvious that the Greek Cypriot administralion prefers to parade in international forums under the name of the Government of Cyprus to sitting down at the lable and arriving at a solution. That is their prerogative. I have always said that they do not seriously want a solution to the Cyprus problem ‘They ure quite happy with things as they are, They take every opportunity to use propaganda measures in all the international forums, including the United Nations, made more clear, In our view, that agreement was the greatest breakthrough in the negotiations between the two communities. Tt was hailed by the Greeks and the Turks alike at the time as a great breakthrough, Now I understand that the Greek Cypriot Government has reneged on that resolution and has chosen the path of long-range struggle, If they renege on a solemn resolution, on an agreement reached in the presence of the Secretary-General, how can we count on their compliance with any agreement which may be reached in the future? 119. The PRESIDENT /interpretation from French): \ call on the representative of Cyprus. 120, Mr. ROLANDIS (Cyprus): J should like to say that, if it gives Mr, Eralp any comfort to be a minority of 1 out of 150, I concede this, that the number is 149. 121, Regarding his statement on the guidelines, I should like to repeat once more that I did not refer to them because it was clearly mentioned by Mr, Michaelides in the Special Political Committee that my Government backed, supported and accepted the guidelines in the agreement reached between Makarios and Denktas. Furthermore, | should like to mention that my Government not merely intends but is committed to work very hard for a just and lasting solution of our problem within the framework of the United Nations. 122. The PRESIDENT {interpretation from French): There are no further speakers and, with the Council's consent, I should like now to make a statement in my capacity as representative of GABON. 123. Once again, despite its resolutions 365 (1974) and 367 (1975), the Security Council has been obliged to reopen the question of Cyprus, thus responding to the concern expressed by the Secretary-General in his report on the work of the Organization, as follows: ‘Despite numerous efforts and contacts, it has not been possible to find an agreed basis for a meaningful resumption of the intercommunal talks, and the situation in the island has not improved, although, owing in large measure to the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, it has remained peaceful.”* He added: “Until it is solved it remains not only a threat to stability and good relations in the eastern Mediterranean.””6 124, Hence the General “Assembly in paragraph 8 of its resolution 33/15 explicitly recommends. on Cyprus”. 125. The persistent problem of the implementation of the resolutions and decisions of the Organization has arisen more acutely than ever in an area of the eastern Mediterranean where tension and human misery prevail and threaten international peace and security. 126, Everyone recalls General Assembly resolution 3212 (XXIX), which was endorsed by Security Council resolutions 365 (1974) and 367 (1975). That resolution called for respect for the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and non-alignment of Cyprus and a cessation of all foreign intervention in its internal affairs, The adoption of that resolution gave rise to a great deal of justified hope-that an end would be put to the sufferings of the Cypriot people. But we had not taken into account some people’s malicious enjoyment of others’ misfortunes. 127. The Republic of Gabon, whose national political party, the Democratic Party of Gabon, has as its motto “Dialogue, Tolerance, Peace’, cannot remain insensitive to the sufferings of the Cypriot people, We feel that only frank and sincere intercommunal talks can put an end to this human tragedy, which has created a genuine feeling of distrust and animosity not only between the two communities composing the Cypriot population but also between two countries that have friendly relations with mine—Greece and Turkey. 128. Hence my Government attaches great importance to a prompt solution of this painful and thorny problem of Cyprus within the framework of intercommunal talks under the auspices of the Secretary-General, to whom I take pleasure in paying a tribute for all his efforts to bring the positions of the protagonists closer together. I should also like to address a tribute to the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, a buffer force between the two communities, for its devotion in the service of peace. 129. We in the delegation of Gabon believe in the virtues of dialogue, and that is why we supported the resolution which the Council has just adopted. We feel that wideranging dialogue on the intercommunal level is the only method that offers prospects of a negotiated solution. We are firmly opposed to a solution imposed from outside, because that is not in keeping with the interests of the Cypriot people. We should not lose sight of the fact that many States voted for resolution 3212 (XXIX) because they quite rightly felt that primary responsibility for that problem resided first and foremost with the parties concerned, that is, the two Cypriot communities, which are now pitted against each other. The two Cypriot communities, destined as they are to live together, must ‘transcend their mutual acrimony and make a serious effort to reach an acceptable solution guaranteeing the equality of all and harmonious relations. 131. In conclusion, I should like to reaffirm that, in my delegation’s view, only the resumption of intercommunal talks under the auspices of the Secretary-General can ensure the independence, territorial integrity and non-alignment of Cyprus. 132, Speaking now as PRESIDENT, I shall call on those representatives who have expressed the wish to speak in exercise of the right of reply. 133. Mr. KHARLAMOV (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) finterpretation from Russian): It was not my intention to speak again, but I cannot leave unanswered the statement by one member of the Council. [ had thought that this time at Jeast the representative of that country would forgo such clumsy statements distorting the position of the Soviet Union as he made today in connexion with the discussion of the Cyprus problem. 134. I do not intend to repeat what I said in my earlier statement. Our policy is quite clear, As far as the Cypriot issue is concerned, we have no special interest. On no point could the Chinese representative deny the nobleness and scrupulousness of what we said, Nor do I intend to analyse the policy of the Chinese representative’s country. Its policy is quite clear: to pit two major Powers—the United States and the Soviet Union—against each other in a new military conflict, to increase tension where it exists and to create tension where it does not exist. All this with the sole aim of bringing to fruition the power plans of that country and its leaders. 135. 1 do not think the representative of China will get much benefit from playing this record cut in Peking, but undoubtedly he will receive many thanks from the imperialists and the leaders of NATO for what he has said. [have no doubt about that at all, 136. Mr. CHEN Chu (China) finterpretation jrom Chinese): The Security Council has already spent a good deal of time on the consideration of the question of Cyprus and it is already 8 o’clock. Therefore, I do not intend to spend much time on refuting the sophistry of the Soviet representative and his slander against China. There is a saying in China to the effect that facts speak louder than words. There is another saying to the effect that it is impossible to cover the whole sky with one hand. The role played by the Soviet Union in the Cyprus question, in the eastern Mediterranean and in the Middle East is best depicted by its own actions. Resort to sophistry cannot cover up the real situation. 137. The foreign policy of China and the position of China on the question of Cyprus are open and above board, reasonable and fair. The position of China will not be slandered, just as the sun cannot be covered up by the wing of a single crow. The meeting rose at 7,55 p.m,