A/RES/1911(XVIII) GA

14 General Auembly-Eishteenth Seaion lution 1767 (XVII), has under consideration various proposals for other collateral measures, I 1. Calls upon the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament to resume, with energy and determination, its negotiations on general and complete disarmament under effective international control, in accordance with the joint statement of agreed prin- ciples for disarmament negotiations2 and in a spirit of goodwill and mutual accommodation ; 2. Recommends the Eighteen-Nation Committee to continue to encourage the widening of the areas of basic agreement or similarity in the principal parties' ap- proaches to the fundamental issues of general and complete disarmament ; II Urges the Eighteen-Nation Committee to make ef- forts to seek agreement on measures which could serve to reduce international tension, lessen the possibility of war and facilitate agreement on general and complete disarmament ; III 1. Requests the Eighteen-Nation Committee to sub- mit to the General Assembly an interim report on the progress of its work at an early appropriate date, and a comprehensive report not later than 1 September 1964; 2. Commends the Secretariat of the United Nations for its services to the Eighteen-Nation Committee and requests the Secretary-General to continue to make available to the Committee the necessary assistance and services. 1265th plenary meeting, 27 November 1963. 1909 (XVffl). Question of convening a conference for the purpose of signing a convention on the pl'ohibition of. the use of nuclear and thermo-nuclear weapons The General Assembly, Recalling the declaration on the prohibition of the use of nuclear and thermo-nuclear weapons, contained in its resolution 1653 (XVI) of 24 Novembe.r 1961, Cognizant that the subject can be speedily and effec- tively studied by the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament in Geneva, 1. Requests the Conference of the Eighteen-N"ation Committee on Disarmament to study urgently the ques- tion of convening a conference for the purpose of signing a convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear and thermo-nuclear weapons, and to report to the General Assembly at its nineteenth session; 2. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit the text of the present resolution and all other relevant documents to the Eighteen-Nation Committee. 1265th plenary meeting, 2 7 November 1963. 2 Ibid., Sixteenth Session, Annexes, agenda item 19, docu- ment A/4879. 1910 (XVffl). Urgent need for 1u1pen1ion of nuclear and thermo-nuclear teell Th,· General Assembly, Fully aware of its reponsibility with regard to the question of nuclear weapon testing and of the views of world public opinion on this matter, Noting 'With approval the Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water, signed on 5 August 1963 by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America, and subsequently by a great number of other countries, Noting further 'With satisfaction that in the preamble of that Treaty the parties state that they are seeking to achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time and are determined to continue negotiations to this end, 1. Calls upon all States to become parties to the !reaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, m outer space and under water, and to abide by its spirit and provisions ; 2. Requests the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament to continue with a sense of urgency its negotiations to achieve the objectives set forth in the preamble of the Treaty ; 3. Requests the Eighteen-Nation Committee to re- port to t~e General Assembly at the earliest possible date and, m any event, not later than at the nineteenth session; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to make available to the Eighteen-Nation Committee the documents and records of the plenary meetings of the General As- sembly and the meetings of the First Committee at which the item relating to nuclear testing was discussed. 1265th plenary meeting, 27 November 1963. 1911 (XVIII). Denuelearization of Latin America The General Assembly, Bearing in mind the vital necessity of sparing present and future generations the scourge of a nuclear war, Recalling its resolutions 1380 (XIV) of 20 Novem- ber 1959, 1576 (XV) of 20 December 1960 and 1665 (XVI) of 4 December 1961, in which it recognized the danger that an increase in the number of States possessing nuclear weapons would involve, &ince such an increase would necessarily result in an intensification of the arms race and an aggravation of the difficulty of maintaining world peace, thus rendering more difficult the attainment of a general disarmament agreement, Observing that in its resolution 1664 (XVI) of 4 December 1961 it stated explicitly that the countries not possessing nuclear weapons had a grave interest and an important part to fulfil in the preparation and implementation of measures that could halt further nuclear weapon tests and prevent the further spread of nuclear weapons, Considering that the recent conclusion of the Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water, signed on 5 August 1963, has created a favourable atmosphere for parallel prog- ress towards the prevention of the further spread of nuclear weapons, a problem which, as indicated in General Assembly resolutions 1649 (XVI) of 8 Novem- Resolutions adopted on the reports of the First Committee 15 ber 1961 and 1762 (XVII) of 6 November 1962, is closely connected with that of the banning of nuclear weapon tests, Considering that the Heads of State of five Latin American Republics issued, on 29 April 1963, a decla- ration on the denuclearization of Latin America3 in which, in the name of their peoples and Governments, they announced that they are prepared to sign a multi- lateral Latin American agreement whereby their coun- tries would undertake not to manufacture, receive, store or test nuclear weapons or nuclear launching devices, Recognizing the need to preserve, in Latin America, conditions which will prevent the countries of the region from becoming involved in a dangerous and ruinous nuclear arms race, l. Notes with satisfaction the initiative for the denuclearization of Latin America taken in the joint declaration of 29 April 1963; 2. Expresses the hope that the States of Latin America will initiate studies, as they deem appropriate, in the light of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of regional agreements and by the means and through the channels which they deem suitable, concerning the measures that should be agreed upon with a view to achieving the aims of the said declaration ; 3. Trusts that at the appropriate moment, after a satisfactory agreement has been reached, all States, particularly the nuclear Powers, will lend their full co-operation for the effective realization of the peaceful aims inspiring the present resolution; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to extend to the States of Latin America, at their request, such technical facilities as they may require in order to achieve the aims set forth in the present resolution. 1265th plenary meeting, 2 7 November 1963. 1962 (XVill). Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space The General Assembly, Inspired by the great prospects opening up before mankind as a result of man's entry into outer space, Recognising the common interest of all mankind in the progress of the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, Believing that the exploration and use of outer space should be carried on for the betterment of mankind and for the benefit of States irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development, Desiring to contribute to broad international co- operation in the scientific as well as in the legal aspects of exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, Believing that such co-operation will contribute to the development of mutual understanding and to the strengthening of friendly relations between nations and peoples, Recalling its resolution 110 (II) of 3 November 1947, which condemned propaganda designed or likely to provoke or encourage any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression, and considering that a Ibid., Eighttfflth S,s.riOK, Anntsts, agenda item 74, docu- ment A/5415/Rev.l. the aforementioned resolution is applicable to outer space, Taking into consideration its resolutions 1721 (XVI) of 20 December 1961 and 1802 (XVII) of 14 December 1962, adopted unanimously by the States Members of the United Nations, Solemnly declares that in the exploration and use of outer space States should be guided by the following principles: 1. The exploration and use of outer space shall be carried on for the benefit :md in the interests of all mankind. 2. Outer space and celestial bodies are free for exploration and use by all States on a basis of equality and in accordance with international law. 3. Outer space and celestial bodies are not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. 4. The activities of States in the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried on in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations. in the interest of maintaining internatiom 1 peace and security and promoting international co- operation and understanding. 5. States bear international responsibility for na- tional activities in outer space, whether carried on by governmental agencies or by non-governmental entities, and for assuring that national activities are carried on in conformity with the principles set forth in the present Declaration. The activities of non-governmental entities in outer space shall re<iuire authorization and continuing supervision by the State concerned. When activities are carried on in outer space by an international organi- zation, responsibilitv for compliance with the principles set forth in this Declaration shall be borne by the international organization and by the States partici- pating in it. 6. In the exploration and use of outer space, States shall be guided by the principle of co-operation and mutual assistance and shall conduct all their activities in outer space with due regard for the corresponding interests of other States. If a State has reason to believe that an outer space activity or experiment planned by it or its nationals would cause potentially harmful inter- ference with activities of other States in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, it shall undertake appropriate international consultations before proceed- ing with any such activity or experiment. A State which has reason to believe that an outer space activity or experiment planned by another State would cause po- tentially harmful interference with activities in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space may request consultation concerning the activity or experiment. 7. The State on whose registry an obj~t launched into outer space is carried shall retain jurisdiction and control over such object, and any personnel thereon, while in outer space. Ownership of objects launched into outer space, and of their component parts, is not affected by their passage through outer space or by their return to the earth. Such objects or component parts found beyond the limits of the State of registry shall be returned to that State, which shall furnish identifying data upon request prior to return. 8. Each State which launches or procures the launch- ing of an object into outer space, and each State from whose territory or facility an object is launched, is internationally liable for damage to a foreign State or

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