A/RES/2660(XXV) GA

General Assembly-Twenty-fifth Session RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED ON THE REPORTS OF THE FIRST COMMITTEE CONTENTS R,,olllliofl Doi, of No. TWe 11,,,. odo1>1iot1 P-,, 2"0 (XXV) Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof (A/8198) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 7 December 1970 11 2661 (XXV) General and complete disarmament (A/8198) Resolution A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Resolution B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Resolution C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2662 (XXV) Question of chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons (A/8179) 28 2663 (XXV) Urgent need for suspension of nuclear and thermonuclear tests (A/8180) Resolution A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Resolution B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2'64 (XXV) Implementation of the results of the Conference of Non-Nuclear- 7 December 1970 7 December 1970 7 December 1970 7 December 1970 7 December 1970 7 December 1970 13 13 14 14 1.5 1.5 Weapon States (A/8192) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7 December 1970 16 2"1 (XXV) Bltablishment, within the framework of the International Atomic Energy Aaency, of an International 1C1Vice for nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes under appropriate international control (A/8193) 31 7 December 1970 16 2"' (XXV) Status of tho implementation of General Auembly resolution 24.56 B (XXIII) concernlna the lianature and ratification of Additional Pro- tocol n of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latia America (Treaty of natelolco) (A/8181) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 7 December 1970 17 2667 (XXV) E-:onomlc and social consequences of the armaments race and its ex- tremely harmful effects on world peace and security (A/8184) ... . 2668 (XXV) Question of Korea (A/8185) .................................. . 2733 (XXV) International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space (A/8250) Resolution A ........................................ . Resolution B ............................................ . Resolution C ............................................ . Resolution D ............................................ . 2734 (XXV) Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security (A/8096) 2749 (XXV) Declaration of Principles Governing the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction 27,0 (XXV) (A/8097) ................................................. . Reservation exclusively for peaceful purposes of the sea-bed and the ocean floor, and the subsoil thereof, underlying the high seas beyond the limits of present national jurisdiction and use of their resources in the interests of mankind, and convening of a conference on the law of the sea (A/8097) Resolution A ............................................ . Resolution B ............................................ . Resolution C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . 94 7 December 1970 98 7 December 1970 26 16 December 1970 26 16 December 1970 26 16 December 1970 26 16 December 1970 32 16 December 1970 25 17 December 1970 25 25 25 17 December 1970 17 December 1970 17 December 1970 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 24 2.5 25 26 2660 (XXV). Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear W eapon.s and Other W eapona of Maaa Deatruction on the Sea- Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Suhaoil Thereof interests of maintaining world peace, reducing inter- national tensions and strengthening friendly relations among States, TM General .Assembly, R«:alling its resolution 2602 F (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, Convinced that the prevention of a nuclear arms nee on the sea-bed and the ocean floor serves the 11 Recognizing the common interest of mankind in the reservation of the sea-bed and the ocean floor ex- clusively for peaceful purposes, Having considered the report of the Conference of the Committee on Disarmanent, 1 dated 11 September 1 Official Records of the Disarmament Commission, Supple- ment for 1970, document DC/233. 12 General Auembly-Twenty-fifth SeHion 1970, and being appreciative of the work of the Con- ference on the draft Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof, annexed to the re- port, Convinced that this Treaty will further the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, 1. Commends the Treaty on the Prohtbition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof, the text of which is annexed to the present resolution; 2. Requests the depositary Governments to open the Treaty for signature and ratification at the earliest possible date; 3. Expresses the hope for the widest posSible ad- herence to the Treaty. 1919th plenary meeting, 7 December 1970. ANNEX Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplaeement of Nuelear W eapon11 and Other Weapon• of Ma■• De■traetlon on the Sea-Bed and the Oeean Floor and ln the Subeoll Thereof Th, Stat11 Partl,s to this Tr,aty, R,cognizlng the common interest of m1nldnd in the proare11 of the exploration and use of the sea-bed and the ocean floor for peaceful purposes, Consid,ring that the prevention of a nuclear arms race on the sea-bed and the ocean floor serves the interests of main- taining world peace, reduces international tensions and strengthens friendly relations among States, Convinc,d that this Treaty constitutes a step towards the exclusion of the sea-bed, the ocean floor and the subsoil thereof froa. the arms race, Convinc,d that this Treaty constitutes a step towards a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, and determined to continue negotiations to this end, Convinc,d that this Treaty will further the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, in a manner consistent with the principles of international law and without infringing the freedoms of the hiah seas, Bav, agr,,d as follows: .AII.TICLEI 1. The States Parties to this Treaty undertake not to em- plant or emplace on the sea-bed and the ocean floor and in the subsoil thereof beyond the outer limit of a sea-bed zone, as defined in article Il, any nuclear weapons or any other types of weapons of mass destruction as well as structures, launching installations or any other facilities specifically de- signed for storing, testing or using such weapons. 2. The undertakings of paragraph 1 of this article shall also apply to the sea-bed zone referred to in the same para- graph, except that within such sea-bed zone, they shall not apply either to the coastal State or to the sea-bed beneath its territorial waters. 3. The States Parties to this Treaty undertake not to assist, encourage or induce any State to carry out activities referred to in paragraph 1 of this article and not to participate in any other way in such actions. .AII.TICLE II For the purpose of this Treaty, the outer lirnit of the sea- bed zone referred to in article I shall be coterminous with the twelve-mile outer limit of the zone referred to in part II of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, signed at Geneva on 29 April 1958, and shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of part I, eec- tion II, of that Convention and in accordance with intern&• tional law. MTICLBill 1. In order to promote the objectives of and enmre com- pliance with the provisions of this Treaty, each State Party to the Treaty shall have the right to verify throua}i observa- tion the activities of other States Parties to the Treaty on the sea-bed and the ocean floor and in the subsoil thereof beyond the zone referred to in article I, provided that observation does not interefere with such activities. 2. If after such observation reasonable doubts remain ClOll- cerning the fulfilment of the obligations uaurned under tbe Treaty, the State Party having auch doubta and the State Party that is responsible for the activitiea giving rile to tbe doubts shall consult with a view to removin1 the doubtl. If the doubts persist, the State Party having such doubta lhaD notify the other States Parties, and the Parties concerned shall co-operate on such further procedures for veriftc:ation u may be agreed, including appropriate inspection of objects, atruc- tures, installations or other facilities that reasonably may be expected to be of a kind described in article I. The Pardea in the region of the activities, including any coutal State, and any other Party so requesting, shall be entitled to participate in such consultation and co-operation. After completion of the further procedures for verification, an appropriate report shall be circulated to other Parties by the Party that initiated mch procedures. 3. If the State responsible for the activities giving rile to the reasonable doubts 11 not identifiable by obtervation of the object, atructure, installation or other facility, the State Party having such doubts ahall notify and make appropriate in- quiries of States Parties in the region of the activities and of any other State Party. If it ls ascertained through these in- quiries that a particular State Party is responsible for the activities, that State Party shall consult and co-operate with other Parties as provided in paragraph 2 of thia artide. If the identity of the State responsible for the activities cannot be ascertained through these inquiries, then further verfflcatioa procedures, including inspection, may be undertaken by the inquiring State Party, which shall invite the participation of the Parties in the region of the activities, includin1 any coastal State, and of any other Party desiring to co-operate. 4. If consultation and co-operation pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 3 of this article have not removed the doubts con- cerning the activities and there remains a eerious queation concerning fulfllment of the obligations usurned under thia Treaty, a State Party may, in accordance with the provialona of the Charter of the Umted Nations, refer the matter to the Security Council, which may take action in accordance with the Charter. 5. Verification pursuant to this article may be undertaken by any State Party using its own means, or with the full or partial assistance of any other State Party, or throuah ap- propriate international procedures within the framework of the United Nations and in accordance with its Charter. 6. Verification activities pursuant to this Treaty shall not interfere with activities of other States Parties and shall be conducted with due regard for rights recognized under interna- tional law, including the freedoms of the high seas and tbe rights of coastal States with respect to the exploration and ex- ploitation of their continental shelves. .AII.TICLEIV Nothing in this Treaty shall be interpreted as supporting or prejudicing the position of any State Party with respect to existing international conventions, including the 1958 Con- vention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, or with respect to rights or claims which such State Party may assert, or with respect to recognition or non-recognition of rights or claims asserted by any other State, related to waters off its coasts, including, inter alia, territorial seas and contigu- ous zones, or to the sea-bed and the ocean floor, including continental shelves. Resolutiom adopted on the reporb of the Fint Committee 13 AaTICLBV The Parties to this Treaty undertake to continue negotia- tions in good faith concerning further measures in the field of diaarmament for the prevention of an arms race on the sea- bed, the ocean floor and the subsoil thereof. AaTICLBVI Any State Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. Amendments shall enter into force for each State Party ac- cepting the amendments upon their acceptance by a majority of the States Parties to the Treaty and, thereafter, for each remainina State Party on the date of acceptance by it. AaTICLB VII Five years after the entry into force of this Treaty, a con- ference of Parties to the Treaty shall be held at Geneva, Swiu.erland, in order to review the operation of this Treaty with a view to assuring that the purposes of the preamble and the provisions of the Treaty are being realized. Such review ahall take into account any relevant technological develop- ments. The review conference shall determine, in accordance with the views of a majority of those Parties attending, whether and when an additional review conference shall be convened. AaTICLB VIII Each State Party to this Treaty shall in exercising its na- tional sovereignty have the right to withdraw from this Treaty if it decides that extraordinary eyents related to the subject- matter of this Treaty have jeopardized the supreme interests of its country. It shall give notice of such withdrawal to all other States Parties to the Treaty and to the United Nations Security Council three months in advance. Such notice shall include a statement of the extraordinar; events it considers to have jeopardized its supreme interests. ARTICLE IX The provisions of this Treaty shall in no way affect the obligations assumed by States Parties to the Treaty under in- ternational instruments establishing zones free from nuclear weapons. AaTICLBX 1. This Treaty shall be open for signature to all States. Any State which does not sign the Treaty before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time. 2. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification and of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America, which are hereby designated the Depositary Governments. 3. This Treaty shall enter into force after the deposit . of instruments of ratification by twenty-two Governments, in- cluding the Governments designated as Depositary Govern- ments of this Treaty. 4. For States whose .instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instru- ments of ratification or accession. 5. The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform the Governments of all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, of the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or of accession, of the date of the entry into force of this Treaty, and of the receipt of other notices. 6. This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary Gov- ernments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. AaTICLB XI This Treaty, the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts of which are equally authentic, shall be de- posited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly certified copies of this Treaty shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to the Governments of the States signatory and acceding thereto. IN wrrNBss WHBllBOF the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Treaty. DoNB in ----. at -----. this -- day of ----. ~2 2661 (XXV). General and complete disarmament A The General A.s.-,embly, Convinced of the necessity, for the very survival of mankind, of bringing the nuclear arms race to an im- mediate halt, Recalling its resolutions 2456 D (XXIII) of 20 December 1968 and 2602 A (XXIV) of 16 Decem- ber 1969, Noting with satisfaction the continuation of bilateral negotiations between the Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America on the limitation of offensive and defen- sive strategic nuclear-weapon systems, Believing that the possibilities for rapid success in these negotiations would increase if steps were taken now by the nuclear-weapon Powers to halt the devel- opment of new nuclear weapons, Urges the Governments of the nuclear-weapon Powers to bring about an immediate halt in the nuclear arms race and to cease all testing as well as deploy- ment of offensive and defensive nuclear-weapon sys- tems. 1919th plenary meeting, 7 December 1970. B The General Assembly, Noting that all States have the inalienable right to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination, A. ware of the development of new techniques for uranium enrichment, Considering that these new techniques may contrib- ute to the promotion of the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, Considering also that material produced by these new techniques may be diverted for weapons purposes unless subject to effective safeguards, Noting that the International Atomic Energy Agency is engaged in the study of safeguards under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 1. Requests the International Atomic Energy Agency to pay attention also to the safeguards re- quired with respect to new techniques for uranium enrichment; 2. Further requests the International Atomic Energy Agency to inform the General Assembly at its twenty- sixth session on its consideration of this subject. 1919th plenary meeting, 7 December 1970. 2 The Treaty was signed in London, Moscow and Washing- ton on 11 February 1971.

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