A/RES/2832(XXVI) GA

36 General Assembly-Twenty-sixth Session l. Welcomes with satisfaction the report of the Secretary-General on the economic and social con- sequences of the arms race and of military expendi- tures23 and expresses the hope that it will help to focus future disarmament negotiations on nuclear disarma- ment and on the goal of general and complete dis- armament under effective international control; 2. Extends its thanks to the Secretary-General and to the consultant experts as well as to the Governments and international organizations that have rendered assistance in the preparation of the report; 3. Requests the Secretary-General to arrange for the reproduction of the report as a United Nations publication and to give it the widest possible publicity in as many languages as is considered desirable and practicable; 4. Recommends to all Governments the widest pos- sible distribution of the report so as to acquaint public opinion in their countries with its contents, and invites the specialized agencies as well as intergovernmental, national and non-governmental organizations to use their facilities to make the report widely known; 5. Recommends that the conclusions of the report of the Secretary-General on the economic and social consequences of the arrns race and of military expendi- tures should be taken into account in future disarma- ment negotiations; 6. Calls upon al1 States to intensify their efforts during the Disarmament Decade with a view to promot- ing negotiations on effective measures for the cessation of the nuclear arms race at the earliest possible date and far nuclear disarmament, as well as on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control; 7. Decides to keep the item entitled "Economic and social consequences of the armaments race and its extremely harmful effects on world peace and secu- rity" under constant review and to place it on the provisional agenda of its twenty-eighth session. 2022nd plenary meeting, 16 December 1971. 2832 (XXVI). Declaration of the lndian Ocean as a zone of peace The General Assembly, Conscious of the determination of the peoples of the littoral and hinterland States of the Indian Ocean to preserve their independence, sovereignty and terri- torial integrity, and to resolve their political, economic and social problems under conditions of peace and tranquillity, Recalling the Declaration of the Third Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Lusaka from 8 to 1 O September 1970, calling upon a11 States to consider and respect the Indian Ocean as a zone of peace from which great Power rivalries and competition as well as bases con- ceived in the context of such rivalries and competition should be excluded, and declaring that the area should also be free of nuclear weapons, Convinced of the desirability of ensuring the main- tenance of such conditions in the Indian Ocean area by means other than military alliances, as such alliances 28 A/8469 and Add.1. entail financia! and other obligations that call for the diversion of the limited resources of the States of the area from the more compelling and productive task of economic and social reconstruction and could further involve them in the rivalries of power blocs in a man- ner prejudicial to their independence and freedom of action, thereby increasing international tensions, Concerned at recent developments that portend the extension of the arms race into the lndian Ocean area, thereby posing a serious threat to the maintenance of such conditions in the area, Convinced that the establishment of a zone of peace in the lndian Ocean would contribute towards arresting such developments, relaxing international tensions and strengthening international peace and security, Convinced further that the establishment of a zone of peace in an extensive geographical area in one region could have a beneficia! influence on the establishment of permanent universal peace based on equal rights and justice for ali, in accordance with the purposes and principies of the Charter of the United Nations, 1. Solemnly declares that the Indian Ocean, within limits to be determined, together with the air space above and the ocean floor subjacent thereto is hereby designated far all time as a zone of peace; ' 2. Calls upon the great Powers, in conformity with this Declaration, to enter into immediate consultations with the littoral States of the Indian Ocean with a view to: ~a) ~alting the furt~er escalation and expansion of the1r m1htary presence m the Indian Ocean; ( b) Eliminating from the Indian Ocean ali bases ~ilitary_ installations and logistical supply facilities, th~ d1spos1t1_on of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destructton and any manifestation of great Power mili- tary presence in the Indian Ocean conceived in the context of great Power rivalry; 3. Calls upan the Iittoral and hinterland States of the lndian Ocean, the permanent members of the Security Council and other major maritime users of the Indian Ocean, in pursuit of the objective of estab- lis_h_ing a sy_stem of universal coU~tive security without m1htary alhances and strengthenmg international secu- rity through regional and other co-operation to enter into consultations with a view to the implemdntation of this Declaration and such action as may be necessary to ensure that: (_a) Warships and military aircraft may not use the Indrnn Ocean far any threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of any littoral or hinterland State of the Indian Ocean in contravention of the purposes and principies of the Charter of the United Nations; ( b) Subject to the foregoing and to the norms and principies of international law, the right to free and unimpeded use of the zone by the vessels of aU nations is unaffected; (e) Appropriate arrangements are made to give effect to any international agreement that may ultimately be reached for the maintenance of the Indian Ocean as a zone of peace; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its twenty-seventh session on the progress that has been made with regard to the im- plementation of this Declaration; Resolutions adopted on the reports of the Fir11t Committee 37 5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its twenty-seventh session an itero entitled "Declara- tion of the Indian Ocean as a zone of peace". 2022nd plenary meeting, 16 December 1971. 2880 (XXVI). Implementation of the Declara• tion on the Strengthening of International Security The General Assembly, Bearing in mind the Declaration on the Strengthening of Intemational Security contained in General Assem- bly resolution 2734 (XXV) of 16 December 1970, Noting that sorne positive results conducive to the strengthening of intemational peace and security have been achieved through negotiations and co-operation among States, Convinced that bilateral and regional efforts towards achieving intemational security should be strictly in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations, Convinced further that such efforts should be com- plemented by collective measures adopted by the competent organs of the United Nations, in order to ensure the complete implementation of the Declaration, Deeply concerned at the persistence of armed con- flicts and other situations resulting therefrom which threaten international peace and security, Convinced that the United Nations, as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations, bears the respon- sibility for promoting, through all its principal and subsidiary organs, full respect for the Preamble and the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Emphasizing that the Declaration, which constitutes an organic whole, needs to be implemented in its entirety, through the full use of United Nations machi- nery and capabilities, including those provided for in Chapters VI and VII of the Charter and the dispatch of special missions by the Security Council, Expressing its conviction that the lack of substan- tial progress in solving issues relating to intemational peace and security, economic development and inde- pendence, disarmament, colonialism, apartheid and racial discrimination, human rights and fundamental freedoms is a constant source of tension and a threat to the security of nations, Convinced that a broad exchange of views on the question of the strengthening of intemational security, undertaken annually, will make it possible to review the changing intemational situation and to seek areas of negotiation and agreement, thereby helping to im- prove the prospects far peace and international security, Believing that the achievement of universality in the United Nations, in accordance with the Charter, wou1d increase the effectiveness of the Organization in the strengthening of international peace and security, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General24 and having considered the ítem entitled "Implementa- tion of the Declaration on the Strengthening of Inter- national Security", 1. Solemnly reaffirms all the principies and provi- sions contained in the Declaration on the Strengthen- 24 A/8431 and Add.1-5. ing of Intemational Security and strongly appeals to all States to take effective measures to implement the Declaration in its entirety; 2. Calls upon all States to contribute towards resolv- ing existing conflicts and situations likely to endanger international peace and security, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and in keeping with the Declaration; 3. Calls upan all States to respect the national unity, political independence and territorial integrity of every State, to refrain from the threat or use of force and to observe fully the principle that the territory of a State shall not be the object of military occupation resulting from the use of force in violation of the Charter and the principie that the acquisition of terri- tories by force is inadmissible; 4. Declares that the termination of coercive acts which deprive peoples of their inalienable rights to self- determination, freedom and independence, the imple-- mentation of relevant United Nations resolutions con- cerning colonialism, racialism and apartheid, and the elimination of serious and systematic violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, which should be respected by all States, are essential elements for the strengthening of intemational peace and security; 5. Invites the Security Council to consider all ap- propriate means and procedures far ensuring the strict and full implementation of its resolutions relating to international peace and security; 6. Urges the early undertaking of a broad review of all aspects of the concept of peace-keeping operations in arder to determine, in accordance with the Charter, appropriate guidelines for its application and to estab- lish appropriate and effective machinery capable of preserving and restoring peace; 7. Calls for an early agreement on the definition of aggression, which would assist the United Nations in its fundamental task of maintaining intemational peace and security; 8. Declares that, in view of the close connexion between the strengthening of international security, disarmament and development, the United N ations should evolve a concept of collective economic security designed to promote the sustained development and expansion of national economies and, moreover, affirms that a substantial portion of the savings derived from measures in the field of disarmament should be devoted to promoting economic and social development, par- ticularly in the developing countries; 9. Declares that any measure or pressure directed against any State while exercising its sovereign right freely to dispose of its natural resources constitutes a flagrant violation of the principles of self-determination of peoples and non-intervention, as set forth in the Charter, which, if pursued, could constitute a threat to international peace and security; 10. Invites all Member States, in particular the more developed countries, to adopt all appropriate measures to normalize the financia! situation of the United Nations and to provide it with the meaos of effectively achieving its goals; 11. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its twenty-seventh session a report on measures adopted in pursuance of the Declaration, containing, inter alia:

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